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Gift of
Mr, Tate Holt
STANFORD UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES
^^^'^
THE
WAR OF THE REBELLION:
A COMPILATION OF THE
OFFICIAL RECORDS
UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES.
PUBL18HKD UNDKU THK DIKKCTION OV
The Hon. BLIHXT ROOT, Secretary of War,
BY
BRIG. GEN. FRED C. AINSWORTH.
CHUEV of THK RrCORD AMD PkMBION OkKICX, WaR DBPARTMXm'y
AND
MR. JOSEPH W. KIRKLEY.
8EHIS8 m— ▼OLirilS ▼.
WASHINGTON:
GOYEBNMBNT PRINTING OFFIOB.
1900.
THE REPUBLICATION, in its entirety, of the War of
the Rebellion: Official Records of the Union and Confederate
Armies, is a service project undertaken by the National Historical
Society in the interest of libraries and scholars who have long
needed a reissue of this indispensable work. Each of the 128
volumes is published in full, including the Index, and all are heavUy
bound in buckram for long and continued use. This and other
volumes of the set are available only from the National Historical
Society.
Copyright O 1971 by
THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY
Gettyiburg, Pa. 17325
Printed at the Telegraph Press, Cameron & Kelker Sts., Harrisbuig, Pa.
The National Historical Society seeks to expand and enrich knowl-
edge of the American past and, through its programs and services,
to bring its members a fuUer appreciation and deeper understanding
of the people and events that came together to create the great his-
tory that is our heritage.
PREFACE
ITie work of preparing the records of the war for public use was
began, under the resolution of Congress of May 19, 1864, by Col. £. D.
Townsend, assistant adjutant-general, U. S. Army (then in charge
of the Adjutant-General's Office, and subsequently the Adjutant-
General), who caused copies to be made of reports of battles on file
in his office and steps to be taken to collect missing records.
Under the provisions of joint resolution of July 27, 1866, Hon. Peter
H. Watson was appointed to supervise the preparation of the records
and to formulate a plan for their publication, but he performed no
service under this appointment, which expired July 27, 1868, by limi-
tation. This resolution having also repealed the former one, the
project was suspended for the time being.
The first decisive step taken was the act of June 23, 1874, providing
the necessary means ** to enable the Secretary of War to begin the
publication of the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, boUi
of the Union and Confederate Armies," and directing him ^' to have
copied for the Public Printer all i-eports, letters, telegrams, and gen-
eral orders, not heretofore copied or printed, and properly arranged
in chronological order." Appropriations have been made from time
to time for continuing such preparation. Under this act the pi*elimi-
nar}' work was resumed by General Townsend.
Suliseqaently, under meager appropriations, it was prosecuted in
a somewhat desultory manner by various subordinates of the War
Department until December 14, 1877, when the Secretary of War,
perceiving that the undertaking needed the undivided attention of
a single head, detailed Capt. Robert N. Scott, Third U. S. Artillery
(subseq^uently major and lieutenant-colonel same I'egiment), to take
charge of the office.
The act of June 23, 1874, enlarged upon the first scheme of publi-
cation. On this more comprehensive basis it was determined that the
volumes should include not only the battle reports, correspondence,
etc., in possession of the War Department, but also " all official docu-
ments that can be obtained by the compiler, and that appear to be of
any historical value." C^olonel Scott systematized the work, and,
upon his recommendation, the Secretary of War approved the follow-
ing order of publication :
The first series wiU embrace the formal reports, both Union and Confederate,
of the first seizures of United States property in the Southern States, and of all
military operations in the field, with the corresjwndence, orders, and returns
relating specially thereto, and, as iiroposed, is to be accompanied by an Atlas.
Ill
IV PREFACE.
In this series the reports will be arranged according to the campaigns and sev-
eral theaters of operations (in the chronological order of events) , and the Union
reports of any event will, as a rule, be immediately followed by the Confederate
accounts. The correspondence, etc., not embraced in the *' reports*' proper will
follow (first Union and next Confederate) in chronological order.
The second series will contain the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns.
Union and Confederate, relating to prisoners of war, and (so far as' the military
authorities were concerned) to state or political prisoners.
The third series will contain the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns of
the Union authorities (embracing their corresjKjndence with the Confederate oflS.-
cials) not relating specially to the subjects of the first and second series. It will
set forth the annual and special reports of the Secretary of War, of the General-
in-Chief, and of the chiefs of the several staff corx>8 and departments ; the calls
for troojw, and the correspondence between the National and the several State
authorities.
The fourth series will exhibit the correspondenc^e, orders, reports, and returns
of the Confederate authorities, similar to that indicated for the Union oflBcials,
as of the third series, but excluding the correspondence between the Union and
Confederate authorities given in that series.
The first volume of the recoi-ds was issued in the early fall of 1880.
The act approved June 1(), 1880, provided ''for the printing and bind-
ing, under direction of the Secretary of War, of 10,000 copies of a com-
pilation of the Official Records (Union and Confederate) of the War of
the Rebellion, so far as the same may be ready for publication, during
the fiscal year ; " and that ' * of said number 7, (XX) copies shall be for the
use of the House of Representatives, 2,(X)0 copies for th^ use of the
Senate, and 1,(X)0 copies for the use of the Executive Departments."
Under this act Colonel Scott proceeded to publish the first five volumes
of the i^ecords.*
*A11 subsequent volumes have been distributed uhder the act approved August
7, 1882, which provides that :
'* The volumes of the Official Records of tl>e War of the Rebellion shall he dis-
tributed as follows : One thousand copies to the Executive Departments, as now
provided by law. One thousand copies for distribution by the Secretary of War
among officers of the Army and contributors to the work. Eight thousand three
hundred copies shall be sent by the Secretary of War to such libraries, organiza-
tions, and individuals as may be designated by the Senators, Rei)resentative8, and
Delegates of the Forty -seventh Congress. £2ach Senator shall designate not exceed-
ing twenty-six, and each Representative and Delegate not exceeding twenty-one, of
such addresses, and the volumes shall be sent thereto from time to time as they are
published , until the publication is completed. Senators , Representatives , and Dele-
gates shall inform the Secretary of War in each case how many volumes of those
heretofore published they have forwarded to such addresses. The remaining copies
of the eleven thousand to be imblished. and all sets that may not l>e ordered to be
distributed as provided herein, shall be sold by the Secretary of War for cost of
publication with ten per cent, added thereto, and the proceeds of such sale shall be
covered into the Treasury. If two or more sets of said volumes are ordered to the
same address, the Secretary of War shall inform the Senators, Representatives, or
Delegates who liave designated the same, who thereui)on may designate other
libraries, organizations, or individuals. The Si'cretary of War shall report to the
first session of the Forty-eighth Congress what volumes of the series heretofore
published have not been furnished to sut-li li])r:iri('s. organizations, and individuals.
He shall also inform distributees at whose instance the volumes are sent."
PREFACE. V
Colonel Scott died March 5, 1887. At his death some twentj'-six
books only had been issued, but he had compiled a large amount of
matter for forthcoming volumes; consequently his name as compiler
was retained in all the books up to and including Vol. XXXVI,
Hhhongh his successors had added largelj' to his compilations from
new material found after his demise.
The Secretar^^- of War, May 7, 1887, assigned Lieut. Col. H. M. Lazelle,
Twenty-third V. S. Infantry, to duty as the successor of Colonel Scott.
He had continued in charge alK)ut two years, when, in the act approved
March 2, 1880, it was provided—
That hereafter the preparation and publication of said records shall be conducted,
under the Secretary of War, by a board of three persons, one of whom shall be
an oiBcer of the Army, and two civilian exi)erts, to be appointed by the Secretary of
War,thecompenaationof said civilian experts to be fixed by the Secretary of War.
The Secretarj' of War appointed Maj. George B. Davis, judge-advo-
cate, U. S. Army, as the railitarj' member, and Leslie J. Perry, of Kan-
sas, and Joseph W. Kirkley, of Maryland, as the ci\ilian expert mem-
bers of said board. The board assumed direction of the publication
at the commencement of the fiscal j^ear 1889, its first work l)eginning
with Serial No. 36 of Vol. XXIV.
July 1, 1895, by direction of the Secretary of War, Maj. George W.
Davis, Eleventh U. S. Infantry (subsequently lieutenant-colonel Four-
teenth U. S. Infantry), relieved Maj. George B. Davis as themilitarj'
member and president of the Board of Publication. Subsequently
CoL Fred C. Ainsworth, Chief of the Record and Pension Office, War
Department, was appointed the military member and president of the
board, relieving Lieut. Col. George W. Davis June 1, 1898.
December 1, 1898, under the provision of the sundrj- civil act of
July 1, 1898, relative to the War Records Office, the Board of Publi-
cation wtis dissolved, whereupon, by direction of the Secretar}- of
War, the continuance of the work, l)eginning with Vol. VI, Series II,
devolved on Colonel (now Brigadier-Greneral) Ain.sworth.
By operation of law (contained in "An act making appropriations
for the legislative, executive, and judicial exjH^nses of the Govern-
ment for the fiscal 3'ear ending June 30, 19(X)," approved February 24,
I^IK^), the War Records Office was merged into the Record and Pen-
sion Office, July 1, 1899, and since that date the work of publication
has been conducted under the supervision of the chief of that office.
Each volume includes a copious index, and for the further conven-
ience of invest igatora there will be, in addition, a separate general
index to the entire set.
Nothing is printed in these volumes except duly authenticated con-
temporaneous records of the war. The scope of the compiler's work
in to decide xipou and arrange the matter to Ik* published ; to correct
and verify the orthography of tlie i)apers used, and, wherever deemed
mM*i\ssjirv, It) ;i<ld a foot-note of explanation.
CONTENTS.
OofTespcmdenoe, Orders, etc., from Kay 1, 1865, to the end*. 1-1048
Tn
1865.
1866.
■
>.
X
>.
1
>.
1
1
1
1
>*
^
A
!
1
1
!
1
X
1
Jan
1
8
1
2 i 3
9 1 10
4
11
5
12
6
13
7
14
Jan
1
8
2
9
s
10
4
11
5
12
6
18
7
16
16 ; 17
18
19
20
21
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
23 ' 24
25
26
27
28
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Feb
29
80 i 81
Feb
28
29
SO
31
1
8
2
9
3
10
4
11
1
8
2
9
8
10
5
6 i 7
4
5
6
7
12
13 14
15
16
17
18
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
19
20 21
22
23
24
25
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
JHarclft ...
26
27 28
ISarcb . . .
25
26
27
28
1
8
2
9
S
10
4
11
1
8
2
9
8
10
5
6
7
4
5
6
7
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
26
27
28
29
SO
31
25
26
27
28
29
80
31
April
i
ApHl ....
1
?
3
4
5
6
7
2
3 4
5
6
7
^ 1
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
15 1 16
17
18
19
20
21
16
17
18
19
20
21
22 1
22 1 23
24
25
26
27
28
nmy
23
SO
24
25
26
27
28
29'
1
Alaj
29 1 30
I
2
9
3
10
4
11
5
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
6, 7
7
8
9
10
11
12
13*'
13 14
15
16
17
18
19
14
15
16
17
18
19
20 11
20 , 21
22
28
24
25
26
June
21
28
22
29
23
30
24
31
25
26
27
' June
27 1 28
29
SO
31
1
8
15
2
9
16
1
8
2
9
3 i
3 4
5
12
6
13
7
14
4
5 1 6
7
10
10
11
11
12 1 13
14
15
16
17
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
18
19 20
21
22
23
24
24
25
26
27
28
29
SO
25
26 1 27
28
29
80
Jnly
1
2
S
4
5
6
7
Jnly
1
8
8 9
15 16
10
17
11
18
12
19
13
20
14
21
2
3 1 4
5
6
7
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
22 , 23
24
25
26
27
28
16
23
17
24
18
25
•i?
20
27
21
28
22
29
Ani^st . .
29 , SO
31
1
2
3
4
Aui^nst ..
30
31
5 . 6
7
14
21
8
15
22
9
16
23
10
17
24
11
1«
25
1
8
2
9
3
10
4
11
5
12
12
19
13
20
6
7
13
14 ! 15
16
17
18
19 ':
AW
27
28
29
SO
31
20
21 22
23
24
25
26 . Sent
1
Sept
27
28 i 29
30
31
.....
i
2 . 3
9 10
16 17
4
11
18
5
12
19
6
13
20
7
14
21
8
15
22
1
8
3
'4:5
6
7
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
17
24
18
25
19
26
20
27
21
28
22
29
23
30
October .
30
1
2
3
4
5
6
October. .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
i:.
16
17
IH
19
20
21
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Nov
22
29
23 i 24
30 1 31
25
26
27
28
Nov
28
29
30
31
1
8
15
2
9
16
3
10
17
1
8
2
9
3
10
4
11
4
5
6
13
7
14
f)
6 - 7
11 12
12
13 14
15
16
17
18
18 ' 19
20
21
22
23
24
19
20 21
22
23
24
25
25 1 26
27
28
29
30
Dec
26
27 28
29
30
Dec
1
8
15
1
8
2
9
2 1 3
4
11
5
12
6
13
7
14
3
4
5
■ 6
7
9
10
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
21
25
26
27
28
29
30
30
31
81
1
SERIES III.- VOL. V.
CORRESPONDENCE, ORDERS, REPORTS, AND RETURNS OP
THE UNION AUTHORITIES FROM MAY 1, 1865, TO THE
END.*
General. Orders, I War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 79. f Washington, May 7, 1S65.
for reducing the number of general, field, and staff offi-
cers.
It is ordered by the President that resignations of general, field,
and staff officers will be received until the 15th of this month, at
which date the Adjutant-General is directed to commence mustering
honorably out of service all general, field, and staff officers who are
unemployed, or whose service is no longer needed.
By order of the President of the United States:
W. A. NICHOLS,
Asifistant AdjiUant- General,
War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
Washington, May i, 1S66,
(For the Honorable Secretary of War.)
outline of method for the muster out and discharge from
service of the volunteer armies of the united states.
I. Army corps, or at least the divisions thereof, to be kept intact
and ordered to convenient points, depending upon the armies to which
they belong — say, Old Point Comfort, Washington, Cumberland,
Nashville, Saint Louis, and such other places as may be designated.
On arrival at said rendezvous a critical inspection of the regimental
and company records to be made and the muster-out rolls prepared
under the direction of the assistant commissaries of musters for divis-
ions, superintended by the corps commissaries; corps commanders
to see that the work is pushed with energy and executed promptly,
nsing to this end division and brigade commanders to superintend it,
and their respective staff officers to aid the mustering officers in col-
*For all documents relating to the organization of troops on the Pacific Coast,
&c., see Series I, Vol. L.
(1)
1 R R — SERIES III, VOL V
2 COBBESFOKDEKCE, ETC.
lecting the data for the mnster-out rolls and dischan^ papers, as well
as the preparation of the same.
II. The rolls and other final papers of a regiment completed, said
command, with its arms, colors, and necessary equifMige, to be placed
en route, generally to that point in the State where mustered in, there
to be taken charge of by the chief mustering officer of tlvB State, and
met by pajrmasters to make final payments.
Whilst en route to the State a discreet and capable officer to be
specially charged by the commissary of musters with the care of the
muster-out roUs and regimental records. Immediately on arrival in
the State the rolls and records to be turned over to the chief muster-
'ing officer or his assistant at the point of rendezvous. After pay-
ment of the troops the regimental and company records to be retained
and carefully preserved by the State mustering officers, subject to the
orders of the Adjutant-General of the Army.
Whilst waiting payment the chief mustering officer to cause sub-
sistence and other authorized supplies to be provided ; also to see that
the command is kept together and under discipline. As soon as prac-
ticable after the arrival of a regiment at the State rendezvous the
chief mustering officer to have its arms and other public property
tamed over to officers of the resi>ective supply departments; said
officers to be designated by the departments concerned.
The departure of regiments from the rendezvous where mustered
out to be so regulated that regiments will not arrive more rapidly in
their respective States than the Pay Department can pay them off.
III. Under the foregoing the following advantages will be secured:
1 . The entire force of commissaries and assistant commissaries of
musters for troops in the field will be made available for the work, in
connection with the chief and other State mustering officers.
2. I'he most experienced mustering officers and those most familiar
with the regimental records will be secured.
3. The records from which the mustering-out data is to be obtained
will be readily accessible, and the loss of re<lords (so common through
the neglect of regimental officers) wliilst regiments are en route from
the field to States can be avoided.
4. Regimental officers can be held to a rigid accountability (by the
corps, division, and brigade commanders) in preparing the records,
and the interest of the enlisted man thus protected.
5. Order and discipline can be maintained whilst troops are en
route to States and after arrival therein.
6. Troops can be comfortably cared for up to the moment they are
paid off and i*eady to start for their homes. Dissatisfaction among
them will be obviated, and cause for complaint by State authorities
and citizens will be removed.
7. All public property can be easily secured and properly accounted
for.
8. Regulations of the War Department now in force can be readily
adapted to the musters out and discharge of the troops.
Should the foregoing be approved, a general order can be framed,
pointing to the necessary regulations and arranging requisite details.
Respectfully submitted.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant Adjutant- Qeneral,
Memorandum. — Foregoing was for the consideration of the Sec-
retary of War and lieutenant-general commanding Armies of the
UKION AUTH0SITIE8. 8
United States, at a meeting to which undersigned was called to consult
as to disbanding the volonteer armies. Subject was briefly referred
to in conversation; paper, however, not read. Secretary concluded
by saying: '* Send the method to General Grant, and if approved by
him issue the order." Time consumed in the consideration of subject
did not extend beyond one hour and a half.
T. M. V.
Memorandum.] Adjutant-Gbnbral's Office,
May 11, 1S65.
Respectfully forwarded to Lieut. Gen. U. S. Grant, commanding
Armies of the United States.
This is the proposed method for mustera out which I spoke of to
the Secretary of War whilst you were conversing with him on the
subject.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant AdjuiantrGerieral.
[Indonement.]
May 11, 1866.
Plan and suggestions within approved.
U. S. GRANT,
Lieutenant' General,
Lexington, Ky., May /, l8f>o.
Orders No. 6.]
On and after this date all recruiting of colored men in the Depart-
ments of the Missouri and Arkansas and Military Divisions of the
Mississippi and West Mississippi will cease. Volunteers will also not
be accepted for white regiments within such limits. All recruiting
officers will immediately join their respective commands for duty.
Orders will subsequently be given for the consolidation of the incom-
plete colored regiments and the muster out of service of all super-
numerary officers.
By order of the Secretary of War:
L. THOMAS,
Adjutant' Oeneral,
Quartermaster-General's Office,
Washington, D. C, May 2, 1866.
Sir: As it is probable a large number of troops will soon be return-
ing to their homes, the strictest attention should be given to prevent
the use of any but perfectly safe transports, under exx)erienced and
careful masters, provided with everything necessary for the safety and
comfort of troops. Especial care should be taken to see that they are
thoroughly clean and that they are not overloaded. The late calamity
to the steamer Sultana shows the need of extreme caution whi^h will
be expected from all officers in the management of river transportation.
By order of the Quartermaster-General :
Very re8i)ectf ully,
LEWIS B. PARSONS,
Colonel and Chief of Rail and River Transportation.
4 COBRESfUtf DSNCEf ETC.
War Department,
Washington City, May S, 1866.
ORDER RESCINDING REGULiATIONS PROHIBITING THE EXPORTATION OF
ARMS, AMMUNITION, HORSES, MULES, AND LIVE-STOCK«
The Executive order of November 21, 1862, prohibiting the expor-
tation of arms and ammunition from the United States, and the
Executive order of May 13, 1863, prohibiting the exportation of horses,
mules, and live-stock, being no longer required by public necessities,
the aforesaid orders are hereby rescinded and annulled.
By order of the President:
EDWIN M. STANTON,
Secretary of War,
Circular.] War Dept., Adjutant-General's Office,
Washington, May 3, ISOo.
All. Chief Mustering Officers of Loyal States:
Deserters who have reported, or who may yet report, under the Pres-
ident's proclamation, promulgated in General Oiders, No. 35, current
series, from this office, and not yet forwarded to their proper com-
mands, will be mustered out and discharged the service, with forfeit-
ure of all pay and allowances due at date of desertion, or which may
have accrued since. Arrange with rendezvous commanders accord-
ingly. Under the foregoing, care must be taken not to discharge any
desertei*s who have been arrested and delivered up.
Please acknowledge this.
By command :
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Ass isia nt A dju taut- General,
War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
Washinyion, D, C\, May S, 1865,
All Dept. Commanders and Chief Mustering Officers:
All soldiers patients in hospitals (except veteran volunteers, vet-
erans of the First Army Corps, Major-General Hancock's, and soldiera
of the Rc»gular Army) will, as soon as they shall cease to require
medical treatment, be at oncje mustered out of service in the usual
manner. Should the commissary of musters and his assistants be
insufficient to perform this duty promptly, you are authorized to
appoint such additional assistants as you may consider necessary, and
to avail yourself of such mustering officers within the geographical
limits of your command as, in the judgment of the chief mustering
officer, can bo spared from their present duties. The commissary of
musters must take especial pains to see that the commanding officers
of the regiments and chief mustering officers of the States to which the
soldiei-s belong are each furnished with a copy of the muster-out roll.
An extra copy may be made for this purpose, if necessary. Soldiers
whose claims for pensions are entitled to consideration should be dis-
charged on the usual surgeon's certificate of disability. Soldiei-s
absent on furlough frem hospitals will be notified by the surgeon in
charge to report to the nearest chief mustering officer for muster out,
UNION AUTHOBinSS. 6
and required to acknowledge the receipt of the notification. As soon as
their acknowledgment of the notification is received their descriptive
lists will be sent to the chief mustering officer to whom they report.
Should they return before receiving such notification they will be
mustered out as the others. A copy of the muster-out roll of all men
vriU be furnished to the adjutants-general of the States to which the
raiments belong. It is expected that department commanders will
use every exertion to have this duty performed promptly and correctly.
Acknowledge receipt.
By order of the Secretary of War:
W. A. NICHOLS,
Assistant AdjtUani^General.
General Orders, ( War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 82. \ Washington, May 6, JS66.
FOR REDUCING THE NUMBER OF COMPANY AND STAFF OFFICERS OF
VOLUNTEER REGIMENTS.
By direction of the President all company and staff officers of vol-
unteer regiments absent from their commands on account of physical
disability, or by virtue of leaves of absence granted them on their
return to loyal States as prisoners of war, will be lionorably mustered
out of the service of the United States of date the 15th instant.
Said officers will immediately apply by letter to the Adjutant-General
of the Army for their muster-out and discharge papers. In case of
physical disability from disease or wounds, the letter must be accom-
panied by a medical certificate of the usual form.
The post-office address of the officer must be given with care in all
cases.
By order of the Secretary of War;
W. A. NICHOLS,
Assista nt Adjufa nt- OeneraL
Attorney-General's Office,
May 8, 1865.
The President:
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of
April 21, 1865.
By the Constitution of the United States (2d Art., sec. 2, d. 1) the
President is vested with the "power to grant reprieves and pardons
for offenses against the United States, except in ca^e of impeachment."
By the 13th section of the act of Congi-ess entitled *'An act to sup-
press insurrection, to punish treason and i*ebellion, to seize and con-
fi£K»te the property of rebels, and for other purposes," approved July
17, 1862, "the President is authorized, at any time hereafter, by proc-
lamation, to extend to persons who may have participated in the
existing rebellion, in any State or part thereof, pardon and amnesty,
with such exceptions and at such time and on such conditions as he
may deem expedient for the public welfare."
The right and power of the President to pardon and to issue any
proclamation of amnesty are derived from the clauses in the Consti-
tution and the act of Congress as quoted above.
By the Constitution and the act of Congress the power to pardon in
individual cases and the power of extending, by proclamation, amnesty
6 C0BBS8P0NDSNC£, KTO.
to claAses of individuals ai-e solely in the hands of the P^resident. It
is, therefore, needless to discuss the question whether the act of Con-
gress was necessary in order to enable the President lawfully to issue
a proclamation of pardon and amnesty.
The power of exercising and extending mercy resides in some depart-
ment of every well-ordered government. When order and peace reign
its exercise is frequent and its influence valuable. Its influence is of
value inestimable at the termination of an insurrection so widespread
as the one which in our country is just being suppressed. Its appro-
priate office is to soothe and heal, not to keep alive or to initiate the
rebellious and malignant passions that induced, precipitated, and
sustained the insurrection. This power to soothe and heal is appro-
priately vested in the Executive Department of the Government,
whose duty it is to recognize and declare the existence of an insur-
rection, to suppress it by force, and to proclaim its suppression. In
order, then, that this benign power of the Government should accom-
plish the objects for which it was given, the extent and limits of the
power should be clearly understood. Therefore, before proceeding
to answer the questions propounded in your letter, it would seem to
be eminently proper to state some of the obvious principles upon
which the power to grant pardons and amnesty rests, and deduce from
those principles the limitation of that power.
The words amnesty and pardon have a usual and well-underatood
meaning. Neither isdeflned in any act of Congress; the latter is not
used in the Constitution.
A pardon is a remission of guilt; an amnesty is an act of oblivion
or forgetfulness.
They are acts of sovereign mercy and grace, flowing from the appro-
priate organ of the Government.
There can be no pardon where thei-e is no actual or imputed guilt.
The acceptance of a pardon is a confession of guilt or of the existence
of a state of facts from which a judgment of guilt would follow.
A pardon may be absolute and complete or it may be conditional
or partial. The whole penalty denounced by the law against an
offender may be forgiven, or so much of it only as may seem expe-
dient. The power to pardon is not exhausted by its partial use. A
part of the penalty may be forgiven now, and at a future time another
part, and so on till the whole is forgiven. Tliis power may be so used
as to place the offender upon trial and probation as to his good faith
and purposes.
A paMon may be upon conditions, and those conditions may be
precedent or subsequent.
The conditions, however, appended to a pardon cannot be immoral,
illegal, or inconsistent with the pardon.
If a condition precedent annexed to a pardon be immoral, so that
the person in whose favor it is issued should never speak the truth;
or illegal, so that he should commit murder; or inconsistent with the
pardon, so that he should never eat or sleep, the pardon would never
attach or be of avail. On the other hand, if those conditions were
subsequent — that is, if it were declared that the pardon should be
void if the party ever spoke the truth, or if he did not commit mur-
der, or if he should eat or sleep — the paixlon would attach and be
valid, and the condition void and of no effect. If a condition subse-
quent is broken, the offender could be trie<l and punished for the
original offense. The breach of the condition would make the pardon
void. Any conditions, precedent or subsequent, may, therefore, be
tmiON AUTHORITIES. 7
appended that are not immoral, illegal, or inconsistent with the par-
doa. This great and sovereign power of mercy can never be used as
a cover for immoral or illegal conduct.
As a pardon presupposes that an offense has been committed, and
ever acts upon the past, the power to grant it never can be exerted
as an immunity or license for future misdoing.
A x>ftrdon procured by fraud or for a fraudulent purpose, upon the
suppression of the truth or the suggestion of falseho<^, is void. It
is a deed of mercy, given without other fee or reward than the good
faith, truth, and rex)entance of the culprit. On the other hand, as
an act of grace freely given, when obtained without falsehood, fraud,
and for no fraudulent use, it should be liberally construed in favor
of the repentant offender.
A promise to x)ardon is not a pardon, and may at any time be with-
drawn; but a pardon may be offered, and the offer kept open, and
thus be continuing, so that the i)erson to whom it is offered may
accept it at a future day. After the pardon has been accepted it
becomes a valid act, and the x>erson receiving it is entitled to all its
benefits.
The principles hereinbefore stated forbid, however, that an offer of
pardon be construed as a license or indulgence to commit continuing
or future offenses, or as giving immunity from the consequences of
such offenses.
After the offender shall have received notice of the offer, or after a
reasonable time shall have elapsed within which he must be pre-
sumed to have received notice of the offer, he cannot continue his
ill-doing and then accept and rely upon the offer of pardon as an
indemnity against what he did before and also what he did after
notice. Such a construction of the pardoning power would virtually
convert it into a power to license crime.
The high and necessary power of extending pardon and amnesty
can never be rightfully exercised so as to enable the President to say
to offenders against the law, "I now offer you a free pardon for the
past; or at any future day when you shall, from baffled hopes, or
after being foiled in dangerous and bloody enterprises, think projwr
to accept, I will give you a pardon for the then past."
When men have offended against the law their appeal is for mercy,
not for justice. In this country and under this Government viola-
tors of the law have offended against a law of their own making; out
of their own mouths they are condemned — convicted by their own
judgments — and, under a law of their own making, they cannot
appear before the seat of mercy and arrogantly claim' the fulfillment
of a promise of pardon they have refused and defied.
The excellence of mercy and charity in a national trouble like
ours ought not to be undervalued. Such feelings should be fondly
cherish^ and studiously cultivated. When brought into action they
should be generously but wisely indulged. Like all the great, neces-
sary, and useful powers in nature or in government, harm may come
of their improvident use, and perils which seem past may be renewed,
and other and new dangers be precipitated. By a too extended,
thoughtless, or unwise kindness the man or the government may
warm into life an adder that will requite that kindness by a fatal
sting from a poisonous fang.
Keeping in view these obvious and fundamental principles that fix
and limit the lowers of pardon and amnesty under the Constitution
and the law, I will proceed to consider the questions propounded by
8 OOBRESPONDENOE, ETO.
yon on the proclamations dated, resiiectively, on the 8th day of Decem-
ber, 1863, and on the 26th day of March, 1864, commonly called the
amnesty proclamations.
You ask my opinion, first, as to the proper construction and effect
of those proclamations upon the citizens and residents of rebel States
who have taken the oath of amnesty prescribed therein.
These two proclamations must be read together and regarded as
one instrument. That must, at least, be so from the date of the last
proclamation, March 26, 1864. No doubt many persons did, betwixt
the 8th of December, 1863, and the 26th of March, 1864, take the
oath who could not have done so had the original proclamation con-
tained the exceptions set forth in the second. What the rights are
of those who took the oath in that intermediate space of time, and
who could not have taken it after the 26th of March, 1864, is purely a
judicial question. The facts in such cases are accomplished, and
the rights arising out of those facts have attached and become vested.
If not improper, it would be, at least, idle in me to express an opinion
on those cases. The Judicial Department of the Government must
determine the law in those cases when they are proi)erly presented
before the courts.
For all practical purposes, so far as the Executive Department of
the Government is concerned, both proclamations may therefore be
regarded as of the date the 26th of March, 1864. From that point of
view their proi)er operation and effect are now to be considered.
It is plainly stated on the face of the second proclamation that its
objects '* were to suppress the insurrection, and to restore the author-
ity of the United States, and with reference to these objects alone."
In the midst of a gigantic effort on the part of traitors to dismember
oui country and overthrow our Government, the President, in the
legitimate exercise of his great x)owers, invoked the healing influences
of charity and forgiveness. His great heart but responded to the
desire of the American people to win back this misguided people to
their allegiance, and to peace and order, by gentleness, rather than
to compel obedience by the dread jwwers of war.
It must not be supposed that in giving expression to and making
a law of this noble wish of his heart, and the heart of the people
whom he represented, it was intended to give license and immunity
to crime and treason for the then future. His expressed object was
''to suppress the insurrection, and to restore the authority of the
United States, and that alone."
His object was made still more manifest when he said that the per-
son "shall voluntarily come forward" and take the said oath, with the
purpose of restoring peace and establishing the national authority.
The reluctant, unrepentant, defying persons who, in their hearts,
desired the success of the rebellion and the overthrow of the Govern-
ment, were not invited to take the oath; and if any such should take
it they would but add perjury — ^a God-defying sin — to that of treason;
and if that fact can be shown to a judicial tribunal, it seems to me
that they should take no benefit from the pardon and amnesty. A
mind and heart unpurged of treason were not invited by the amnesty
proclamation to add thereto the crime of i)erjury.
It seems to me, then, that all the citizens and residents of the rebel
States not excepted from the amnesty, who did, after the issuing of the
proclamation, or after notice thereof, or within a reasonable time within
which it must be supposed they had notice, refrain from further hos-
tilities, and take the oath of amnesty voluntavily, with the purpose of
UNIOK AUTHORITIES. 9
restoring peace and establiahing the national authority, being at the
time free from arrest, confinement, or duress, and not under bonds,
are entitled to all the benefits and rights so freely and benignly given
by a magnanimous Government. Where the oath has been taken
without the purpose of restoring peace and establishing the national
authority, though taken promptly, it seems to me that the amnesty
and pardon do not attach. This, however, is a judicial question,
which the courts may decide contrary to my opinion. I ought not,
perhaps, to express any.
In giving this construction to the amnesty proclamation, I have
been constantly impressed by a paragraph in the last annual message
of the President of the United States. It reads as follows:
A year ago general pardon and amnesty, upon specified terms, were offered to
an, except certain designated classes; and it was, at the same time, made known
that the exempted clnmon were still within contemplation of special clemency.
Daring the year many availed themselves of the general proviaion, and many
more would, only that the signs of bad faith in some led to such precautionary
measnres as rendered the practical process less easy and certain. During the
same time, also, special paraons have been granted to individuals of the excepted
classes, and no voluntary application has been denied. Thus, pxactically, the door
has been for a full year open to all^ except snch as were not in condition to makea
free choice ; that is, such as were in custody or under constraint. It is still open
to all. But the time may come — ^probably will come — when public duty shall
demand that it be closed, and that, in lien, more rigorous measures than heretofore
shall be adopted.
A profound respect for the opinions of that great and good man,
Abraham Lincoln, late President of the United States, induces me to
ponder long and well before I can venture to express an opinion dif-
fering even in a shade from his. But all who had the good fortune
to know him well must feel and know that, from his very nature, he
was not only tempted but forced to strain his power of mercy. His
love for mankind was boundless, his charity was all-embracing, and
his benevolence so sensitive that he sometimes was as ready to pardon
the unrepentant as the sincerely penitent offender. Clearly and
pointedly does the above paragraph show to the world that such was
his nature. He says:
Daring the whole year that special nardons have been granted to individuals of
the excepted classeo,no voluntcffy application has been denied.
The door of mercy to his heart was, we know, ever open; and yet
he closes the paragraph with this significant sentence:
But the time may come— probably will come — ^when public duty shall demand
that it be closed, and that, in lieu, more rigorous measures than heretofore shall
be adopted.
It is probably fair to infer that the late President understood his
proclamation of amnesty as giving pardon to all, no matter how long
they had refused, and whether they had offended after notice of the
offer or not. Whether his powers extended so far is, to say the least,
a doubtful question.
I am clear and decided in my conviction that the President has no
power to make an open offer of pardon which could be relied upon as
a protection for offenses committed after notice of the offer. This
opinion is induced from principle, and independently of the language
of the proclamation.
The language of the first proclamation is, however, consonant with
this opinion. It is addressed ''to all persons who have participated
in the existing rebellion" — words referring to the past.
10 OOBBESPOITDEKCE, ETC.
If I am right in this construction of the proclamation — ^and I am
satisfied in my own mind that I am — another proclamation should be
issued. Persons should not be invited to lake an oath and to comply
with terms under which they cannot obtain firm legal rights. It is
especially due to those who have heretofore and would now avail
themselves, in good faith, of the benefits of pardon and amnesty, that
another proclamation should be substituted covering the now past.
Persons who have been constantly engaged in rebellion should know
distinctly what they are to do, when and how they are to do it, to free
themselves from punishment, in whole or in i>art, or to reinstate
themselves as before the rebellion. Such as have been affected merely
by their treasonable associations should be absolutely forgiven.
Appropriate conditions should be appended to the pardons of many.
The grace and favor of the Government should now be large and gen-
erous, and the oi)eration and effect of its proper mercy should not be
left uncertain.
The second question you ask is as to the rights of the citizens and
residents of the rebel States who have not taken, nor offered to take,
the oath and comply with the terms of the proclamation.
Here, again, we meet trouble and uncertainty.
The expressed objects of the proclamation are to suppress the
insurrection and restore the authority of the United States. Can any
one be permitted to take the oath and comply with the terms prescribed
in the proclamation in a State or a community where the civil and
military power of the insurrection has been destroyed and the rebellion
suppressed, and the authority of the United States is re-established
without let or hindrance ? Or does the insurrection continue, in legal
contemplation, though not in fact, until the Executive Department
of the Government shall, by proclamation, declare that it has been
suppressed? And would this proclamation of pardon and amnesty
continue and be open after proclamation that the rebellion had been
suppressed?
It would seem from the proclamation that the amnesty was extended
to those who were willing to aid in suppressing, as well as restoring;
and yet it may and doubtless will be contended, and with much force
and show of reason, that ali who have stood by and clung to the
insurrection till its organization and power, both civil and military,
were gone, have, nevertheless, a right to take all the benefits of the
amnesty, because they will lend a reluctant aid in restoring an authority
which they hate. Amnesty is proffered for aid in suppressing and
restoring;' amnesty is demanded for the work of restoration; full
reward is required for less than half of the service that is needed.
As a measure to aid in the suppression of the rebellion, the late
proclamation has done its full and complete office. Now, one is desired
to aid in restoring order and reorganizing society in the rebellious
States. Reconstruction is not needed ; that word conveys an erroneous
idea. The construction of this Government is as perfect as human
wisdom can make it. The trial to which its powers and capacities
have been subjected in this effort at revolution and dismemberment
proves with what wisdom its foundations have been laid. Ours is a
task to preserve principles and powers clearly and well defined, and
that have carried us safely through our past troubles. Ours is not a
duty to reconstruct or change. Society in the rebel States has not
been and is not now in a normal condition, nor in harmony with the
principles of our Government. That society has rebelled against
them, and made war upon the principles and powers of our Govern-
UNION AUTHORITIES. 11
ment. In so doing it has offended, and stands a convicted culprit.
Mercy most be largely extended. Some of the great leaders and
offenders only must be made to feel the extreme rigor of the law — not
in a spirit of revenge> but to put the seal of infamy upon their con-
duct. But the mercy extended to the great mass of the misguided
people can and should be so used as to reorganize society upon a loyal
and freedom-loving basis. It is manifestly for theii* good, and the
good of mankind, that this should be done. The power of pardon
and mercy is adequate to this end. Such conditions, precedent and
subsequent, can legally and properly be appended as will root out the
spirit of rebellion and bring society in those States into perfect accord
with the wise and thoroughly tried principle of our Government.
If this power of pardon is wisely used, peaee will be established uiK)n
a sure and permanent basis.
On these grounds, in addition to what has before been said, I am
of the opinion that another and a new offer of amnesty, adapted to
the existing condition of things, should be proclaimed.
I do not conceive that it is in place just now, even if I wei'e pre-
pared to do so, which I am not — because not sufficiently advised of
the temper of those in rebellion — for me to sa^' what should be the
terms of the suggested proclamation.
I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JAMES SPEED,
AUomey- Oenerah
General Orders,) War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 83. f Washington, May 8, 1865.
FOR REDUCING THE VOLUNTEER CAVALRY FORCES OF THE ARMY.
I. Immediately upon i-eceipt of this oixler by commanding generals
of armies and departments all volunteer soldiers of the cavalry arm
whose terms of service will expire prior to October 1, 1865, will be
mustered out and discharged the service of the United States. In
discharging the said troops the following will be observed:
1. The musters out will be made, in accordance with existing regu-
lations, by the commissaries of musters of divisions, under the direc-
tions of commissaries of musters of corps or departments.
2. Army and department commandere will forthwith ascertain the
number of men within their respective commands to' be discharged,
and report the same direct to the Paymaster-General of the Army,
forwarding a duplicate of the report to the Adjutant-General. Said
report must specify the number for each I'egiment, or company, if an
independent one.
3. The Paymaster-General will arrange to make immediate pay-
ment to the men discharged; said payments to be made in the armies
or departments in which the men may be serving at date of muster
out.
II. All cavalry remaining in service after the aforesaid discharges
have been made will be immediately consolidated into complete maxi-
mum regimental organizations, and as follows:
1. Army and department commanders will selix*! and designate the
oi^nisations to be consolidated.
12 00BBE8P0KDENCE, ETC.
2. Organizations from the same State will be consolidated with
each other.
3. All supemnmerary commissioned and non-commissioned officers
will be mastered ont of the date the consolidation of their respectiye
commands is made.
4. The commissioned and non-commissioned officers to be retained,
not exceeding the legal namber, will be selected by army and depart-
ment commanders.
5. The proi)er commissaries of mnsters and their assistants will
be charged, under existing regulations, with the prompt execution of
the details.
III. Corps and department commanders will see that the work is
pushed ynth energy, and executed accurately and promptly, using to
this end division and brigade commanders to superintend it, with
their resx)ective staff officers, to aid the mustering officer in collecting
the necessary data for the transfer rolls (see Circular No. 64, series
of 1864, Adjutant-Oeneral's Office), muster-out rolls, and other neces-
sary discharge pai>ers, as well as the preparation of the same.
IV. Horses and other public property rendered surplus by the
reduction in the forces will be turned over to and cared for by the
proper officers of the supply departments concerned.
V. Regimental and company records, rendered no longer necessary,
will be taken chaiige of by the proper commissary of musters and
forwarded to the Adjutant-General of the Army. The records of
each company or regiment must be arranged by themselves, and the
package containing them marked distinctly with the contents.
VI. Commissaries of musters and their assistants will be held
responsible that the necessary rolls are delivered and forwarded to
their destination without unnecessary delay.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assisiant AdjiUant-Oeneral,
General Orders, ) War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 84. J Washington, May 8, 1865.
BALANCES OF BOUNTIES PAYABLE TO VOLUNTEERS WHEN HONORABLY
MUSTERED OUT AND DISCHARGED, ON ACCOUNT OP THE GOVERN-
MENT NO LONGER REQUIRING THEIR SERVICES.
I. Veterans who enlisted under the provisions of General Orders,
No. 191, series of 1863, from this office, and the extensions thereof
(General Orders, Nos. 324 and 387, of 1863; 20 and 92, of 1864>, and
recruits ^not veterans) who enlisted for three years or the war, under
the provisions of the circular letter of October 24, 1863, from the
Provost-Marshal-GeneraFs Bureau, and its modifications, are, on their
honorable muster out and discharge from the service of the United
States before the expiration of their respective terms of enlistment,
entitled to the unpaid balances of the bounties promised them by the
orders and laws under which they enlisted.
II. A volunteer accepted and mustered into service under the act
of July 4, 1864 (General Orders, No. 224, Adjutant-Generars Office,
1864), whether for the term of one, two, or three years, is, on muster
out of service before the expiration of the t«»rm of service for which
he enlisted, entitled only to receive the projwrtion of the bounty
UNION AUTHORITIES. 13
allowed by the act cited, whether one-third or two-thirds thereof,
which had actually accrued before the date of his discharge.
For instance, if the soldier volnnteered for two years and is mus-
tered out before the expiration of the first year of his service, he can-
not claim either the second or third installments of the bounty of
$200, which would have been {payable to him had he continued in the
service till the expiration of the two years for which he enlisted.
Only the volunteer who at the time of his discharge has completed
one-half the term of service for which he enlisted is entitled to the
second installment of one-third the amount of bounty given to him
by the act, and he is entitled to no more of that bounty. If he is dis-
charged on the next day after the expiration of one-half of his term
of enlistment, the second installment of the bounty is due and payable
to him, but the discharge precludes him from receiving a third install-
ment, that being due only to a volunteer who may have served his
entire term of enlistment.
UI. In discharging men from service mustering officers will note
the balances of bounties due on the muster-out rolls opposite the
names of the soldiers respectively. Oreat care must be exercised in
doing this. Prior to payment paymasters will carefully re-examine
the rolls, with the view of detecting errors in amounts thereon noted.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant- Oeneral.
War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
Washington, May 8, 1865,
kUL Deft. Commanders and Chief Mustering Officers:
The Veteran Reserve Corps is excepted from the operations of the
telegram of the 3d instant, discharging patients in hospitals, &q,
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant AdjiUant- General
War Dept., Provost-Marshal-General's Bureau,
Washington, D. C, May 8, 1866.
Bvt. Col. W. H. SIDELL,
Adg. Asst. Provost-Marshal- Oeneral, LouisviUe, Ky,:
The Secretary of War directs that recruiting be continued until
June 1, 1866, for the following regiments of coloi-ed troops: The
Seventy-second, One hundred and nineteenth. One hundred and
twentieth, One hundred and twenty-first Colored Infantry, the Sixth
Colored Cavalry, and the Fourth and Thirteenth Colored Artillery,
none of these regiments, however, to be recruited beyond the maxi-
mum authorized by law. Require weekly reports to be made of the
number of men obtained under this authorization.
JAMES B. FRY,
Provost-Marshal- General.
Executive Chamber,
Washington City, May 9, 1866.
Ordered:
1. That all acts and proceedings of the political, military, and civil
organizations which have been in a state of insuiTcction and rebellion
14 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
within the State of Vii^nia against the authority and laws of the
United States, and of which Jefferson Davis, John Letcher, and Wil-
liam Smith were late the respective chiefs, are declared null and void.
All persons who shall exercise, claim, pretend, or attempt to exercise
any political, military, or civil power, authority, jurisdiction, or right,
by, through, or under Jefferson Davis, late of the city of Richmond, and
his confederates, or under John Letcher or William Smith and their con-
federates, or under any pretended political, military, or civil commis-
sion or authority issued by them, or either of them, since the 17th day
of April, 1861, shall be deemed and taken as in rebellion against the
United States, and shall be dealt with accordingly.
. 2. That the Secretary of State proceed to put in force all laws of the
United States the administration whereof belongs to the Department
of State applicable to the geographical limits aforesaid.
3. That the Secretary of the Treasury proceed without delay to
nominate for appointment assessors of taxes and collectors of customs
and internal revenue, and such other officer^ of the Treasury Depart-
ment as are authorized by law, and shall put in execution the revenue
laws of the United States wfthin the geographical limits aforesaid. In
making appointment-s the preference shall be given to qualified loyal
persons residing within the districts where their respective duties are
to be performed. But if suitable persons shall not be found residents
of the districts, then persons resi(Ung in other States or districts shall
be appointed.
4. That the Postmaster-General shall proceed to establish post-
offices and post routes, and put into execution the postal laws of the
United States within the said State, giving to loyal residents the
preference of appointment; but if suitable persons are not found, then
to appoint agents, Ac, from other States.
6. That the district judge of said district proceed to hold courts
within said State in accordance with the provisions of the act of
Congress. The Attorney-General will instruct the proper officers to
libel and bring to judgment, confiscation, ai\d sale property subject
to confiscation, and enforce the administration of justice within said
State, in all matters civil and criminal within the cognizance and
jurisdiction of the Federal courts.
6. That the Secretary of War assign such assistant provost-mai-shal-
general and such provost-marshals in each district of said State as he
may deem necessary.
7. The Secretary of the Navy will take possession of all public
property belonging to the Navy Department within said geographical
limits, and put in operation all acts of Congress in relation to naval
affaii's having application to the said State.
8. The Secretary of the Interior will also put in force the laws
relating to the Department of the Interior.
9. That to carry into effect the guarantee by the Federal Constitu-
tion of a republican form of Slate government, and affoi^ the
advantage and security of domestic laws, as well as to complete the
^-establishment of the authority and laws of the United States and
the full and complete restoration of peace within the limits aforesaid,
Francis H. Peirpoint, Governor of the State of Virginia, will be aided
by the Federal Govern tnent, so far as may be necessary, in the lawful
measures which he may take for the extension and administration of
the State government throughout the geographical limits of said
State.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 15
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the
seal of the United States to be affixed.
[l. s.] ANDREW JOHNSON.
By the President:
W. HUNTER,
Acting Secretary of Stat£,
General Orders, ) War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 86. ) Washington, May 9, I860,
LISTS TO BE MADE OF VOLUl^EBR OFFICERS.
For the information of the War Department, lists will at once be
prepared and forwarded of all officers in the volunteer service, made
out separately for each ann of the service and each branch of the
stafTy showing the relative merit of the officers in their refameuts or
departments, as determined by boards of officers, to be appointed for
the purpose by corps and other independent commanaers. The
repoTta of the boards will include the names of all officers belonging
to a particular command, whether present or absent; and in the cases
of the absent officers the reports will be based upon the best informa*
tion attainable. The reports will also state what officers, in the opin-
ion of the boards, should be. discharged.
These lists will be forwarded through the prescribed channel, and
the several commanders through whom they may be transmitted will
indorse thereon their recommendations, based on their own knowledge
of the character of the officers.
The lists will specify the rank and arm for which the officer is
deemed competent, and whether he desires to remain in the military
service. For all officers below the grade of colonel these lists will bo
consolidated and arranged by brigade, division, and corps command-
ers (or independent commands of less than a corps), so as to include
all officers in the corps.
The lists of colonels, generals, and staff officers will also be consoli-
dated at army or department and military division headquarters.
In addition to the lists thus furnished through the ordinary military
channels, the chiefs of staff departments at Washington will at once
obtain from their subordinates similar lists, conveniently consoli-
dated, and forward them to this Department.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant- Oeneral,
General Orders, ) War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 87. 5 Washington, May 0, 1865,
CONCERNING ENGINEER PROPERTY AND LABOR ON FIELD-WORKS.
Army and department commanders will at once cause to be collected
and stored, at convenient depots, all tools, siege material, bridge equi-
page, and other engineer property not absolutely needed for immedi-
ate service with troops, and have inventories of property so collected
forwarded to the Chief Engineer of the Army, with recommendation
for its disposal. The latter will give the necessary instructions.
16 CORR£8P02iD£NC£, ETC.
All labor on construction and repairs of field-works should now be
done by troops; hired labor will not, therefore, be so employed, unless
specially authorized from these headquarters or the Engineer Depart-
ment; and no further purchases of engineer material for field-works
will be made without similar authority, except in cases of urgent
necessity.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant AdjiUant-Oeneral.
Circular.] War Dept., Adjutant-General's Office,
Washington, May 9, 1865,
All Army and Department Commanders:
Upon receipt hereof you are authorized to cause the immediate
muster out and discharge from service of all officers and soldiers of
your commands whose terms of service will expire prior to May 31,
1866.
In discharging the said troops the following will be observed:
1. The musters out will be made, in accordance with existing regu-
lations, by the commissaries of musters of divisions, under the direc-
tions of commissaries of musters of corps or departments.
2. Army and department commanders will forthwith ascertain the
number of men within their respective commands to be discharged,
and report the same direct to the Paymaster-General of the Army,
forwarding a duplicate report to the Adjutant-General. Said report
must specify the number for each regiment, or company, if an inde-
pendent one.
3. The Paymaster-General will arrange to make immediate pay-
ment to the men discharged, said payments to be made in the armies
or departments in which the men may be serving at the date of mus-
ter out.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant-Oe?ieral.
General Orders, ) Quartermaster-General's Office,
No. 29. J WashingUm City, May 9, 1865.
I. For the purpose of securing a uniform system in the transporta-
tion of public property, the annexed forms* for requisitions and bills
of lading will hereafter be adopted and the accompanying instruc-
tions strictly observed. No other forms will be used except in cases
of emergency, when the prescribed forms cannot be procured, and
then the reasons for using others will be stated upon the same.
II. The bill of lading should state where the freight is to be paid,
and if the transportation is by water, or under contract varying from
Government rates, the rates should be specifically stated in the bill
of lading, otherwise it should state that payment is to be made at
Government rates. Bills of lading issued for shipments to be for-
warded on boate belonging to or in the service of the Quartermaster's
Department, or on railroads operated by the Government, should state
that no payment will be made on the bills of lading.
* Omitted.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 17
III. Officersorderingtransportation of wagons, ambulances, cannon,
caissons, gun carriages, Ac, will be particular to state in the bill of
lading whether they are to be transported whole or taken apart. In
shipments by rail, the number of animals, bales of hay and their
weight, of pieces of lumber and measurement thereof, should be
expressed in the bill of lading in numbers, in addition to the same in
car-loads. The weight of different descriptions of goods must be
given separately. When, in an invoice covering a variety of articles,
or a number of packages, the total weight only is expressed, the offi-
cer receiving the property must, in certifying to its correctness, write
out the weight delivered in words as well as in figures.
IV. Erasures, interlineations, or alterations in bills of lading
must be explained thereon by the issuing or other competent officer.
V. Officers making shipments will at the time of shipping furnish
the carrier with the original bill of lading, which upon the delivery of
the proi)erty will be receipted by the officer receiving the same, and
returned to the carrier with such indorsement as may be necessary
to insure settlement for the service. The original bill of lading,
receipted, alone will be received in settlement, and in no case will a
second original bill of lading be issued for the same shipment.
VI. Duplicate and triplicate copies of the bill of lading will be
promptly transmitted by mail to the consignee, and upon the receipt
of the property the duplicate will be receipted and returned by mail
to the officer making the shipment. The triplicate will be retained
by the officer i-eceiving the property. A copy, or quadruplicate, will
be retained in book form by the consignor for his information.
VII. In the absence or failure of any officer to receipt for property
consigned to him, the officer signing should make a full explanation
over his signature, showing that he is duly authorized to receive and
receipt for the same, and why the consignee does not receipt therefor.
Agents or clerks are not autnorized to receipt bills of lading.
VIII. Loss and damage to Government property will be deducted
in settlement from the voucher issued to the carrier, and officers
receipting for property must indorse on the bill of lading the kinds
of property lost or damaged, and its full value, including transporta-
tion. When the amount of the damage to property cannot be readily
ascertained, the receiving officer should promptly call a board of
survey on the same, and duly notify the carrier that he may, if he
desires, lye present with witnesses to protect his interest. The bill of
lading should not be signed until the amount of damage is decided
upon by the report of the board of survey, when an indorsement of
their decision should be made upon the bill of ladings
IX. Quartermasters wiU be governed in the settlement of claims
for transfer and ferriage by existing instructions and decisions of the
Quartermaster-General.
X. Bills of lading for through shipments will only be settled with
the last carrier entitled to payment. Quartermasters should exercise
care that no second claim is presented by roads performing part of
the through transportation. The last carrier will be held responsible
for all loss or damage, and such loss or damage will be deducted in
making settlement for the service.
XI. The distance by the shortest practicable route, whether over
one or many roads, will govern the rate chai'ged. Transxwrtation by
water being generally the cheapest should be used when consistent
with the interest of the service, and all transportation should be
2 R R— SKBIKS in, VOL V
18 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
furnished by the shortest practicable route, nnless a different one
is designated in the order. When transportation is specifically
demanded by a proper officer by a longer route, the reason must be
given in the bill of lading, and payment will be made according to
the length of the route designated, the officer being held to a strict
accountability for his requisition.
XII. Quartermasters will be governed in the settlement of claims
for transportation by railroad by the rates and classification of the
circular of the Quartermaster-General dated May 1, 1862, and all
transportation must be settled at the points designated in General
Orders, No. 18, Quartermaster-General's Office, March 16, 1865.
By order of the Quartermaster-General:
LEWIS B. PARSONS,
Brig, Gen, and Chief of Rail and River Transportation,
By the President of the United States of America:
A proclamation.
Whereas, the President of the United States by his proclamation of
the nineteenth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-
one, did declare certain States therein mentioned in insurrection
against the Government of the United States; and
Wheieas, armed resistance to the authority of this Government in
the said insurrectionary States may be regarded as virtually at an
end, and the persons by whom that resistance, as well as the oper-
ations of insurgent cruisers, was directed, are fugitives or captives;
and
Whereas, it is understood that some of these cruisers are still infest-
ing the high seas, and others are preparing to capture, burn, and
destroy vessels of the United States:
Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew Johnson, President of
the United States, hereby enjoin all naval, military, and civil officers
of the United States diligently to endeavor, by all lawful means, to
arrest the said cruisers and to bring them into a port of the United
States, in order that they may be prevented from committing further
depredations on commerce, and that the persons on board of them
may no longer en jt)y impunity for their crimes.
And I do further proclaim and declare that if, after a reasonable
time shall have elapsed for this proclamation to become known in the
ports of nations claiming to have been neutrals, the said insurgent
cruisers and the persons on board of them shall continue to receive
hospitality in the said ports, this Government will deem itself justi-
fied in refusing hospitality to the public vessels of such nations in
ports of the United States, and in adopting such other measures as
may be deemed advisable toward vindicating the national sovereignty.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the
seal of the United States to be affixed.
Done at the city of Washington this tenth day of May, in the year
of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, and of the
Independence of the United States of America the eighty-ninth.
[L. 8.] ANDREW JOHNSON.
By the President:
W. HUNTER,
Acting Secretary of State,
UNION AUTHORIT1B8. 19
General Ordebs, ) War Dbpt., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 91. j Washington, May 12, 1866,
order oroanizino bureau of refugees, freedmen, and aban-
doned LANDS.
I. By direction of the President, Maj. Gen. O. O. Howard is assigned
to duty in the War Department as Commissioner of the Bureau of
Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, under the act of Con-
gress entitled "An act to establish a bureau for the relief of freed-
men and refugees," to perform the duties and exercise all the rights,
authority, and jurisdiction vested by the act of Congress in such com-
missioner. General Howard will enter at once upon the duties of
Commissioner specified in said act.
II. The Quartermaster-General will without delay assign and fur-
nish suitable quarters and apartments for the said Bureau.
III. The Adjutant-General will assign to the said Bureau tlie num-
ber of competent clerks authorized by the act of Congress.
liy order of the President of the United States:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant- General,
Act referred to in General Orders, No. 01 (A. G. O.), 1865.
AN ACT to establish a bnreati for the relief of freedmen and refugees.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United Staies of America in Congress assembled, That there is hereby
established in the War Department, to continue during the present
war of rebellion, and for one year thereafter, a Bureau of Refugees,
Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, to which shall be committed, as
hereinafter provided, the supervision and management of all aban-
doned lands, and the control of all subjects relating to i^f ugees and
freedmen from rebel States, or from any district of country within
the territory embraced in the operations of the Army, under such
rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the head of the Bureau
and approved by the President. The said Bureau shall be under the
management and control of a commissioner to l)e appointed by the
Pi-esident, by and with the advice and consent of tlie Senate, whose
compensation shall be three thousand dollars per annum, and such
number of clerks as may be assigned to him by the Secretary of War,
not exceeding one chief clerk, fcwo of the fourth class, two of tlie third
class, and five of the first class. And the Commissioner, and all per-
sons appointed under this act, shall, before entering upon their duties,
take the oath of office prescribed in an act entitled '*An act to pre-
scribe an oath of office, and for other purposes," approved July sec-
ond, eighteen hundred and sixty-two; and the Commissioner and
chief clerk shall, before entering upon their duties, give bonds to the
Treasurer of the United States, the former in tlie sum of fifty thousand
doUarB, and the latter in the sum of ten thousand dollars, conditioned
for the faithful discharge of their duties, respectively, with securities
to be approved as sufficient by the Attorney-General, which bonds
shall be filed in the office of the First Comptroller of the Treasury,
to be by him put in suit for the benefit of any injured party upon any
breach of the conditions thereof.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted. That the Secretary of War may
direct such iesnes of provisions, clothing, and fuel as he may deem
18 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
furnished by the shortest practicable route, unless a different one
is designated in the order. When tran8X)ortation is specifically
demanded by a proper officer by a longer route, the reason must be
given in the bill of lading, and payment will be made according to
the length of the route designated, the officer being held to a strict
accountability for his requisition.
XII. Quartermasters will be governed in the settlement of claims
for transportation by railroad by the rates and classification of the
circular of the Quartermaster-General dated May 1, 1862, and all
transportation must be settled at the points designated in General
Orders, No. 18, Quartermaster-General's Office, March 16, 1865.
By order of the Quartermaster-General:
LEWIS B. PARSONS,
Brig. Gen, and Chief of Rail and River Transportation.
By the President of the United States of America:
A proclamation.
Whereas, the President of the United States by his proclamation of
the nineteenth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-
one, did declare certain States therein mentioned in insurrection
against the Government of the United States; and
Wheieas, armed resistance to the authority of this Government in
the said insurrectionary States may be regarded as virtually at an
end, and the persons by whom that resistance, as well as the oper-
ations of insurgent cruisers, was directed, are fugitives or captives;
and
Whereas, it is understood that some of these cruisers are still infest-
ing the high seas, and others are preparing to capture, burn, and
destroy vessels of the United States:
Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew Johnson, President of
the United States, hereby enjoin all naval, military, and civil officers
of the United States diligently to endeavor, by all lawful means, to
arrest the said cruisers and to bring them into a port of the United
States, in order that they may be prevented from committing further
depredations on commerce, and that the persons on board of them
may no longer enjt)y impunity for their crimes.
And I do further proclaim and declare that if, after a reasonable
time shall have elapsed for this proclamation to become known in the
ports of nations claiming to have been neutrals, the said insurgent
cruisers and the persons on board of them shall continue to receive
hospitality in the said ports, this Government will deem itself justi-
fied in refusing hospitality to the public vessels of such nations in
ports of the United States, and in adopting such other measures as
may be deemed advisable toward vindicating the national sovereignty.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the
seal of the United States to be affixed.
Done at the city of Washington this tenth day of May, in the year
of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, and of the
Independence of the United States of America the eighty-ninth.
[L. 8.] ANDREW JOHNSON.
By the President:
W. HUNTER,
Acting Secretary of Staie.
UNION AUTHORIT1E8. 19
General Ordsbs, ) War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 91. ) Washington, May 12, 1865.
order organizing bureau of refugees, freedmen, and aban-
doned LANDS.
I. By direction of the President, Maj. Gen. O. O. Howard is assigned
to duty in the War Department as Commissioner of the Bureau of
Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, under the act of Con-
gress entitled "An act to establish a bureau for the relief of freed-
men and refugees," to perform the duties and exercise all the rights,
authority, and jurisdiction vested by the act of Congress in such com-
missioner. General Howaitl will enter at once upon the duties of
Commissioner specified in said act.
II. The Quartermaster-Greneral will without delay assign and fur-
nish suitable quarters and apartments for the said Bureau.
III. The Adjutant-General will assign to the said Bureau tlie num-
ber of competent clerks authorized by the act of Congress.
}^Y order of the President of the United States:
E. D. TOWNSKND,
Assisiwii Adjutan f- General.
Act referred to in General Orders, No, 01 (A. G. O.), 1S65.
AN ACT to establish a bureau for the relief of freedmen and refugees.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assemble, That there is hereby
established in the War Department, to continue during the present
war of rebellion, and for one year thereafter, a Bureau of Refugees,
Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, to which shall be committed, as
hereinafter provided, the supervision and management of all aban-
doned lands, and the control of all subjects relating to i^ef ugees and
freedmen from rebel States, or from any district of country within
the territory embraced in the operations of the Army, under such
rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the head of the Bureau
and approved by the President. The said Bureau shall be under the
management and control of a commissioner to be appointed by the
President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, whose
compensation shall be three thousand dollars per annum, and such
number of clerks as may be assigned to him by the Secretary of War,
not exceeding one chief clerk, two of the fourth class, two of the third
class, and five of the first class. And the Commissioner, and all per-
sons appointed under this act, shall, before entering upon their duties,
take the oath of office prescribed in an act entitled '*An act to pre-
scribe an oath of office, and for other purposes," approved July sec-
ond, eighteen hundred and sixty-two; and the Commissioner and
chief clerk shall, before entering upon their duties, give bonds to the
Treasurer of the United States, the former in the sum of fifty thousand
dollars, and the latter in the sum of ten thousand dollars, conditioned
for the faithful discharge of their duties, respectively, with securities
to be approved as sufficient by the Attorney-General, which bonds
shall be filed in the office of the First Comptroller of the Treasury,
to be by him put in suit for the benefit of any injured party upon any
breach of the conditions thereof.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted^ That the Secretary of War may
direct such issues of provisions, clothing, and fuel as he may deem
20 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
needftil for the immediate and temporary shelter and supply of desti-
tute and suffering refugees and f reedmen and their wives and children,
under such rules and regulations as he may direct.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That the President may, by and
with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint an assistant com-
missioner for each of the States declared to be in insurrection, not
exceeding ten in number, who shall, under the direction of the Com-
missioner, aid in the execution of the provisions of this act; and he
shall give a bond to the Treasurer of the United States, in the sum of
twenty thousand dollars, in the form and manner prescribed in the
first section of this act. Each of said commissioners shall receive an
annual salary of two thousand five hundred dollars in full compensa-
tion for all his services. And any military officer may be detailed and
assigned to duty under this act without increase of pay or allowances.
The Commissioner shall, before the commencement of each regular
session of Congress, make full rex)ort of his proceedings, with exhibits
of the state of his accounts, to the President, who shall communicate
the same to Congress, and shall also make special reports whenever
required to do so by the President or either House of Congress; and
the assistant commissioners shall make quarterly rei)orts of their pro-
ceedings to the Commissioner, and also such other special reports as
from time to time may be required.
Sec. 4. And he it further enacted, That the Commissioner, under
the direction of the President, shall have authority to set apart, for
the use of loyal refugees and freedmen, such tracts of land within
the insurrectionary States as shall have been abandoned, or to which
the United States shall have acquired title by confiscation or sale, or
otherwise; and to every male citizen, whether refugee or freedman as
aforesaid, there shall be assigned not more than forty acres of such
land, and the person to whom it was so assigned shall be protected in
the use and enjoyment of the land for the term of three years at an
annual rent not exceeding six per centum upon the value of such land
as it was appraised by the State authorities in the year eighteen hun-
dred and sixty for the purpose of taxation; and in case no such
appraisal can be found, then the rental shall be based upon the esti-
mated value of the land in said year, to be ascertained in such man-
ner as the Commissioner may by regulation prescribe. At the end of
said term, or at any time during said term, the occupants of any par-
cels so assigned may purchase the land and receive such title thereto
as the United States can convey, upon paying therefor the value of
the land as ascertained and fixed for the purpose of determining the
annual rent aforesaid.
Sec. 6. And be it further enacted^ That all act« and parts of acts
inconsistent with the provisions of this act are hereby repealed.
Approved March 3, 18C5.
General Orders, \ War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 94. ) Washington, May 15, 1865.
The following regulations are announced, and will be observed in
discharging from service such volunteers as are hereafter to be mus-
tered out with their regimental or company oi^anizations:
I. Army corps, or at least the divisions thereof, will be kept intact,
and immediately upon receipt of an order directing any portion of the
forces to be mustered out commanding generals of armies and depart-
UNION AUTHORITIES. 21
ments will order the said troops (if not already thereat) to one of the
following rendezvous, viz :
1. Middle Military Division, and troops of other armies or depart-
ments arriving therein: Defenses of Washington, D. C; Harper's
Ferry, Va., and Cumberland, Md.
2. Military Division of the James: Richmond and Old Point Com-
fort, Va.
3. Department of North Carolina: New Berne and Wilmington.
4. Department of the South: Charleston, S. C, and Savannah, Ga.
5. Military Division of West Mississippi : Mobile, Ala. ; New Orleans,
La., and Vicksbui'g, Miss.
0. Military Division of the Missouri : Little Rock, Ark. ; Saint Louis,
Mo., and Fort Leavenworth, Kans.
7. Department of the Cumberland: Nashville, Knoxville, and Mem-
phis, Tenn.
8. Department of Kentucky: Louisville.
9. Middle Department: Baltimore, Md.
Commanding generals of armies and departments are authorized to
change the aforesaid places of rendezvous should the public interest
so demand.
For the Departments of the East, Pennsylvania, Northern, North-
west, New Mexico, and Pacific, such special orders will be given from
the Adjutant-GeneraFs Office relative to the troops therein serving
as may be demanded by circumstances as the time for discharge is
approached.
II. In case of one or more regiments of a division being mustered
out — the division remaining in the field — said regiment or regiments
will be mustered out at the place where found serving at the time,
and then placed en route to the State, as hereinafter directed.
III. The Adjutant-General of the Army wiU designate places of
rendezvous in the respective States, to which the regiments, after
muster out, will be forwarded for payment.
IV. Upon arrival at the rendezvous where the musters out are to
take place, a critical examination of the regimental and company
records, books, <fec., will be made; and in case of omissions, the proper
commanders will be made to supply them, and make all the entries as
enjoined by the Army Regulations. At the same time the muster-out
rolls will be commenced and prepared in accordance with existing
regulations, under the direction of the assistant commissaries of
mustei-s of divisions, superintended by the corps commissaries. Corps
and department commanders will see that the work is pushed with
enei^3'^ and executed promptly, using to this end division and brigade
commanders to superintend it, and their respective staff officers to
aid the mustering officera in collecting the data for the muster-out
rolls and discharge papers, as well as the preparation of the same.
In framing the rolls particular care must be exercised in stating
balances of bounty payable. (See General Orders, No. 84, current
series, from this office.)
V. So soon as the rolls of a regiment are completed, the said com-
mand, with its arms, colors, and necessary equipage, will be placed
en route to its State, and to the rendezvous therein at or nearest which
it was mustered in.
£n route, and after arrival in the State, the following will be
observed:
1. Immediately on arrival at the State rendezvous the regiment will
be reported to and taken control of by the chief mustering officer for
22 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
the state, or his assistant at the point. The said officers will lend
all needful assistance in their power to the paymasters, with the view
to prompt payment of the troops.
2. The regimental officers will be held to a strict accountability for
the discipline of their commands and preservation of public property.
3. The commissary of musters of the division to which the regiment
belonged in the field will take possession of the copies of muster-out
rolls intended for the field and staff, companies, and paymaster; also
the company and regimental recoids, with all surplus blank rolls,
returns, discharges, <fec., in ix>sses8ion of regimental and company
commanders, or other officers, and after boxing them up place them,
whilst en route, under the special charge of a discreet and responsible
officer of the regiment. The sole duty of said officer will be to care
for and preserve said rolls and records whilst en route, and on arrival
at the StAte rendezvous where payment is to be made to turn them
over to the chief mustering officer or his assistant at that place.
4. Paymasters will be designated by the Pay Department to meet
regiments at the designated State rendezvous and there make final
payments, obtaining for that purpose the rolls from the mustering
officer thereat.
5. Whilst troops are awaiting payment supplies will be furnished
by the respective supply departments, on the usual i*equisitions and
returns, countersigned by the chief mustering officer or his assistant.
6. Until after payment and the final discharge of the troops the
chief mustering officer will look to their being kept together and under
discipline.
7. The chief mustering officer will, under regulations to be estab-
lished by himself, take possession of and carefully preserve the regi-
mental and company records, also the colors with the respective
regiments, and hold them subject to orders from the Adjutant-
Greneral of the Army.
8. As soon as practicable after arrival at the State rendezvous the
chief mustering officer or his assistant will see that the arms and other
public property brought to the State by the troops are turned over to
the proper officer of the supply department thereat.
VI. In preparing the muster-out rolls, corps, department, division,
and brigade commanders will hold regimental officers to a strict
accountability, in order to insure accurate and complete records of
the enlisted men, and the better to establish the just claims of the
non-commissioned officers and privates who have been wounded, or of
the representatives of those who have died from disease or wounds,
or been killed in battle.
VII. Prior to the departure of regiments from the i^endezvous where
mustered out, all public property (except arms, colors, and equipage
required en route) will be turned over to and cared for by the proper
officers of the supply departments concerned.
VIII. What is prescribed in the foregoing for a regiment will be
applicable to a battery of artillery or an independent company.
IX. At the i-especti ve State rendezvous the following is ordered, viz :
1. The Paymaster-General will be prepared to have a sufficient force
of paymasters to insure prompt payments.
2. The Quartermaster-General and Commissary-General of Sub-
sistence will be prepared to have a suitable number of officers of their
respective bureaus to provide supplies, transportation, d;c., and
receipt for public property.
3. The Chief of Ordnance will arrange to have a suitable number of
officers of his Bureau to receive the arms, accounterments, Ac,
UNION AUTROtirriEB.
23
X. The attention of commanding generals of armies and depart-
ments is directed to the importance of regimental and company officers
having their records so completed and arranged that at any time the
muster-out rolls may be prepared without delay.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Aaaiatant At^uiant-QenercU,
CmcuLAB) War Dbpt., Adjutant-Gbnbral's Office,
No. 18. ) Washington^ May 16, 1865,
After the receipt of this commissaries of musters for army corps
and departments will render tri-monthly a report of troops mustered
out of service under their direction. The first report will embrace
all troops mustered out since the Ist instant.
To this end assistant commissaries of musters for divisions will
forward corresponding reports to the corps or dex>artment commis-
saries, and these, after consolidation with such musters out as that
officer may have made during the same i>eriod, will be forwarded to
the Adjutant-General of the Army on the 10th, 20th, and last days
of each month.
The corps (or department) commissary of musters will forward the
consolidated report, which must be in accordance with the following
form, viz:
Tri-^monVdy report of iroqp$ mustered out of the service of the United States from
to , 186— f by , commissary of musters.
orgftnlution.
Date of
muster
out.
Str«ngtb or
number mus-
tered out.
state to whtoh
^1
i
Remarks.
Ohio
sathVoluntoorSDfantry....
Tth Volunteer CaTiUry . ....
May 31
June 2
Jnoo 8
25
6
17
605
200
425
KoTB — Envelope con-
taining report wUl be ad-
d^Msed te Bvt. Col. T. M.
Vinoent, aaaiatent a^Jn-
tant-Roneral. Adjutant
General's OfBee, Washlnic
ton, D. C.
KcwTork
Total
48
1.280
A B ,
Osptem, Twm%ty»ixth Kew York Cavalry, Commitsary qf Muttertt TwmUif/aurUi Oorpt.
Date:
Official.
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Ac^utanU General.
Gbnbral Obdebs, ) Mil. Div. of thb Mississippi,
V CmsF £nor.'£ Office, U. S. Mil. R. Rs.,
No. — . ) New Berne, N. C, May 16, 1866.
By order of the director and general manager of the U. S. Military
Railroads the Constmction Corps in the Department of North Carolina
24 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
is disbanded, and the number of employ^ on the military railroads
reduced to a force barely sufficient to keep in repair and operate the
Morehead City and Raleigh and the Wilmington-Goldsborough lines.
All men discharged under this order will be furnished free trans-
portation by water from here to Fortress Monroe, or some other
Northern X)ort, and those who have served for three monthly or longer
will be furnished transportation from there to their homes.
Good order and discipline are enjoined upon the members of Con-
struction Corps while en route to their homes, and I sincerely trust
that all will conduct themselves worthy of the high reputation which
this organization has justly acquired.
' You leave the service because your work is done. The cause of the
Union is triumphant and the rebellion virtually crushed.
Many of you have served long and faithfully m the military railroad
service, and you now leave it with the proud consciousness of having
done your part to make our cause successful
Not only does General Sherman bear testimony to the value of the
services of the Construction Corps in opening and keeping open his
lines of communication and supplies, and thus enabling him to make
his long and damaging marches into the enemy's territory, but even
his formidable opponent, the rebel leader General Johnston, gives his
testimony to the same effect.
With such a record you may be well satisfied.
W. W. WRIGHT,
Chief Engr. Mtlif^ry RaUroadSj Mil Div. of the Mississippi,
Circular) War Dept., Adjutant-General's Office,
No. 19. j Washington, May 16, 1865,
I. Under paragraph III, Greneral Orders, No. 94, May 15, current
series, from this office, the following State rendezvous, to which troops
mustered out will be forwarded for payment, ^re announced, viz:
Maine: Augusta, Portland, and Bangor.
New Hampshire : Concord and Manchester.
Vermont: Montpelier, Brattleborough, and Burlington.
Massachusetts: Boston (Readville and Gallupe's Island).
Rhode Island: Providence.
Connecticut: Hartford and New Haven.
New York : New York City (Hart's Island), Albany, Elmira, Buffalo,
Rochester, Syracuse, Sackett's Harbor, Plattsburg, and Ogdensburg.
New Jersey: Trenton.
Pennsylvania: Philadelphia, Harrisburg, and Pittsburg.
Delaware: Wilmington.
Maryland: Baltimore and Frederick.
West Virginia: Wheeling.
Ohio: Cincinnati (Camp Dennison), Cleveland (Camp Cleveland),
Columbus (Camp Chase and Tod Barracks).
Indiana: Indianapolis.
Illinois: Springfield and Chicago.
Michigan : Detroit and Jackson.
Wisconsin: Madison and Milwaukee.
Minnesota: Fort Snelling.
Iowa: Davenport and Clinton.
Kansas: Lawrence and Leavenworth.
Missouri : Saint Louis (Benton Barracks).
Kentucky: Louisville, Lexington, and Covington.
XJNION AUTHORITIES. 25
n. When the muster out of a regiment has been completed, and it
is ready to start for the State (see paragraph V, General Orders, No.
94, current series, Adjutant-General's Office), the assistant commis-
sary of musters for the division to which it belongs will immediately
report (by telegram when practicable) to the Paymaster-General of
the Army, Washington, D. C, its numerical designation, number of
conunissioned officers, number of enlisted men, and rendezvous in the
State where ordered to for payment and final discharge.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant^ Oeneral.
War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
Washington, May 16, 1865,
The Secretary of War directs that the provisions of General Orders,
No. 77, current series, be extended to include all patients who,
although requiring further medical treatment, are able to travel and
desire to be discharged (with the exceptions heretofore made). Also
all men yet in hospitals, recently transferred to the Veteran Reserve
Cori)6, as soon as the interest of the public service will permit. The
order for the discharge from hospitals should be liberally interpreted.
The word *' patients" in telegram of May 3 was intended to include
all enlisted men who were in hospital, except the guards and nurses
belonging to the Veteran Reserve Corps.
SAMUEL BRECK,
Assistant AdjviKint-Oenerah
War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
May 18, 1860,
Col. J. A. Wilcox,
Chief Mustering Officer, Columbus, Ohio:
All volunteer organizations of white troops in General Sherman's
army and the Army of the Potomac whose terms of service expire
prior to October 1 next, have been ordered mustered out.
The musters out are to be made in the vicinity of this city, and
thereafter regiments and companies sent to State for payment. (See
regulations promulgated in General Orders, No. 94, of 15th instant.)
The troops for muster out will be:
First. The three-years' regiments mustered into service under call
of July 2, 1862, and prior to October 1 of that year.
Second. Three-years' recruits mustered into service for old i-egi-
ments between the same dates.
Third. One-year's men for new and old organizations who entered
the service prior to October 1, 1864.
Your records, or those of the State adjutant-general, will furnish
the number of troops and particular regiments to be discharged, as
herein indicated. You should arrange a list accordingly, so that you
will be prepared to receive and care for the troops on their arrival in
State.
Furnish Governor with copy of this and acknowledge receipt.
By order of Secretary of War:
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant Adjutant-Oeneral.
26 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
(Copy for the following chief mastering officers : Brigadier-General
Pitcher, Indiana; Brigadier-General Oakes, Illinois; Lieutenant-Col-
onel Grier, Iowa; Colonel Alexander, Missonri; Lieutenant-Colonel
Lovell, Wisconsin; Lieutenant-Colonel Hill, Michigan; Colonel Ely,
New Jersey ; Major Austine, Vermont ; Major Silvey, New Hampshire ;
Lieutenant-Colonel Neide, Rhode Island; Lieutenant-Colonel Gilbert,
Connecticut; Major Clarke, Massachusetts; Lieutenant-Colonel Littler,
Maine.)
Quartermaster-General's Office,
Washington CUyy May 19, 1805,
Hon. E. M. Stanton,
Secretary of War:
Sir: I have the honor to inclose certain papers* relative to the
Orange and Alexandria Railroad.
The Governor of Virginia, Hon. F. H. Peirpoint, asks that this road
be placed in possession of certain gentlemen appointed by the Board
of Public Works to receive it. His letter is addressed to the Secre-
tary of War.
Mr. John S. Barbour, president of the Orange and Alexandria
Railroad for many years, incloses to Major-General Augur, command-
ing the Department of Washington, an order of Major-General Ord,
placing him in charge of that part of the railroad in the Department
of Virginia not in use by the military authorities.
He asks authority \o take possession of the property of the company
in the city of Alexandria. He states that he has complied with the
regulations, t. 6., taken the amnesty oath, and that he has held no
military office under the rebel Government while governing the road
during the last four years of rebellion. He claims to represent the
stockholders. I have been advised that there are stockholders, loyal
men of the North, whose property was seized four years ago, and who
have not been allowed any voice in the control of the affairs of the
road or in the election of its president or directors. I doubt whether
taking the amnesty oath re-establishes any person elected by disloyal
votes as the legal or equitable president of a railroad from which all
loyal men have been excluded during the past four years.
The State of Virginia has a Board of Public Works, charged with
the general supervision of railroads and other public worto of the
State. I am advised that the State holds an interest of three-fifths in
all the railroads and canals and turnpikes. Mr. John S. Barbour,
however, informs me that the Orange and Alexandria Railroad is an
exception to this rule; that it is the property almost entirely, if not
entirely, of private parties; others deny this.
The question of the disposition of the railroads in the States lately
in rebellion is a large one, and aft«r reflection I have the honor to
advise that the following principles be established to govern the action
of the Quartermaster's Department and of the military authorities in
disposing of all of them:
First. The United States will, as soon as it can dispense with the
military occupation and control of any road of which the Quarter-
master's Department is now in charge, turn it over to the parties ask-
ing to receive it who may appear to have the best claim and be able
to operate it in such manner as to secure the speedy movement of all
•Omitted.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 27
military stores and troops. The Quartermaster-Greneral, upon the ad-
vice of the military commander of the department, to determine when
this can be done, subject to the approval of the Secretary of War.
Second. No charge to be made against the railroad for expense of
material or exx>ense of operation.
Third. All materials for permanent way used in the repair and con-
struction of the road and all damaged material of this class which
maybe left along its route, having been thrown there during the oper-
ations of destruction or repair, to be considered as part of the road and
given up vrith it.
Fourth. No payment or credit to be given to the railroad for its
occupation or use by the United States during the continuance of the
military necessity which compelled the United States to take posses-
sion of it by capture from the public enemy. The recovery of the road
from the public enemy and its return to loyal owners, with the vast
expenditure of defense and repair, are a full equivalent for itb use.
Fifth. All movable property, including rolling-stock of all kinds,
the property of the United States, to be sold at auction, after full
public notice, to the highest bidder.
Sixth. All rolling-stock and material, the property before the war
of railroads, and captured by the forces of the United States, to be
placed at the disposal of the roads which originally owned it, and to
be given up to these roads as soon as it can be spared and they appear
by pro];)er agents authorized to receive it.
Seventh. When a State has a board of public works able and will-
ing to take charge of its railroads, the railroads in possession of the
Quartermaster's Department to be given up to this board of public
works, leaving it to the State authorities and to the judicial tribunals
to regulate all questions of property between rival boards, agents, or
stockholders.
Eighth. Roads not being operated by the U. S. Quartermaster's
Department not to be interfered with unless under military necessity,
such roads to be left in possession of such persons as may now have
possession, subject only to the removal of every agent, director, pres-
ident, superintendent, or operative who has not taken the oath of
allegiance to the United States, which rule should be rigidly enforced.
Ninth. When the superintendents in actual possession decline to
take such oath, some competent person to be apx)ointed as receiver of
the railroad, who shall administer the affairs of the road and account
for its receipts to the board of directors who may be formally recog-
nized as the legal and loyal board of managers. This receiver to he
appointed, as in the case of other abandoned property, by the Treas-
ury Department.
Tenth. I recommend that the Governor of the State of Virginia be
informed that the War Department will interpose no obstacle to the
Board of Public Works of the State taking possession of all the rail-
roads in the State not in use and occupation of the military forces of
the United States by the Quartermaster's Department, and that as
soon as the military occupation of any of these roads can be safely
dispensed with the road will be transferred to the charge of the Board
of Public Works.
In some of the States the State is a large bondholder in the roads,
and though there may be in such States no board of public works, it
is probable that the State authorities will be willing to receive and
take charge of the roads. If not, receivers should be appointed by
28 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
the Treasury Department, upon application of the War Department,
to take charge of tliem as abandoned property.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully,
M. C. MEIGS,
Quartermasfer' General and Brevet Major- Oeneral.
Headquarters Armies of the United States,
Washington, D, C, May 19, 1866.
Brig. Gen. B. W. Brice,
Paymaster- General of the Army:
General: The lieutenant-general desires to know about what
time the troops in and around Richmond, and the armies commanded
respectively by Generals Sherman and Meade, and now in the vicinity
of Washington, will be paid.
Will you please furnish the desired information ?
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JNO. A. RAWLINS,
Brigadier- General and Chief of Sfa^ff.
War Department, Paymaster-General's Office,
Washington, May SO, 1866.
General John A. Rawlins,
Chief of Staff, &c.:
Sir: Youi-s of yesterday this moment received, and I have the honor
to I'eply :
All the efforts of the Treasury have been directed for the past two
weeks to the means necessary for the final payment of troops ordered
to be mustei'ed out, amounting, according to the Adjutant-General's
lists, to about 123,000 men, all told. The payment of these, with the
large arrears due, the large bounties due, and three months' extra to
oflficers, will require about $50,000,000.
These payments w^ill be met promptly and without peradventure,
the Treasury having very nearly, if not quite, met the emergency.
It will depend upon the ability of the Treasury entirely as to the
time when the payments about which you inquire can be made. I
will have an early conference with the officers of that Department and
endeavor to give you an early response.
In addition to the f oi-ces named, I regret to say that General Thomas'
command, in the West, is yet unpaid since August 31 last. The
Army of the Potomac and troops about Richmond have been paid to
December 31. Therefore, after Sherman's army, paid to August 31,
Thomas' should be next paid. All these payments you will readily
I)erceive will require a very large sum of money to be yet provided.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
B. W. BRICE,
Paymaster-General U. 8, Army.
War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
May 20, 1866.
Governor of Maine:
Under the regulations established by the Secretary of War and the
orders from this office based thereon, troops about to be discharged
UNION AUTHORITIES. 29
should go out of service promptly, be properly cared for, and their
interests fully protected in every respect. Should delinquencies on
the part of officers charged with execution of details come to your
notice, I will thank you to advise me of the same at once, giving name
of neglectful parties, so that a remedy may be applied.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant AdftUarU-Qeneral,
(Same to Governors of New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts,
Rhode Island, Ck>nnecticut, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Penn-
sylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa,
Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Kansas, Missouri, and Kentucky.)
MiiJTABT Division of thb Mississippi,
Chief Enginbsb's Officb U. S. Militabt Railroads,
New Beme, N. C, May m, 1866.
General D. C. McCallum,
MU, Director and Genl. Manager Bailroads, United States:
GbnbraIi: I have the honor to submit the following report of oper-
ations on the U. S. military railroads under my charge since the date
of my last report, November 1, 1864.*
After General Sherman's army was fully supplied at Atlanta he
cut loose from his railroad line of supply and we fell back with all
rolling-stock and other portable railroad property to Chattanooga,
stopping long enough, however, to take up the track between Resaca
and Dalton, a distance of eighteen miles, and bring to Chattanooga
all the iron rails, including those damaged by the enemy in his last
attack on the road. The Construction Corps was then distributed
over the lines of military railroads still held by our forces, and
employed at various necessary jobs of construction and repairs and
in preparing material to reconstruct any portion of the tracks and
structures that might again be destroyed. This work was continued
until the rebel army under General Hood had advanced so far north
of the Tennessee River that it became evident most, if not all, our
lines would fall into their hands. The greater part of the corps was
then concentrated at certain points from which they could operate to
the best advantage when we should again get possession of the roads.
One division of trackmen was sent to Louisville to lay additional
tracks to hold the large number of cars and engines which we were
sending there for safety. On the 15th of December, the battle of
Nashville commenced, and bj' the 18th General Thomas had thor-
oughly defeated Hood and driven his shattered army as far as
Franklin. On that day he directed all the damaged railroads to be
rebuilt. On the 19th I had four strong working parties at this work —
one working from Nashville toward Decatur and following the army
as rapidly as possible; another working from Nashville toward Ste-
venson; a third working from Stevenson toward Nashville, and the
fourth working from Stevenson toward Decatur. These lines were
all opened up, except a portion of the Nashville and Decatur line, by
the 28th of December, the day I received your order to take one
division of the Construction Corps and proceed to Savannah to join
General Sherman. Orders were immediately given on the receipt of
*See Incloflure B to report of General McCallum of November 27, 1864, Vol. IV,
thiB series, p. 957.
30 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
your dispatch for the Second Division to prepare for the journey, and
they left Nashville on the 4th of January for Baltimore, fully
equipped for any kind of railroad work. Arriving in Baltimore on
the 10th, there was a delay of eight days before a vessel could be
furnished to take them to Savannah. On the 2dth they arrived at
Hilton Head, but were not disembarked there. On the 29th General
Sherman gave me orders to proceed with my men to Morehead City,
N. C, and "prepare to make railroad connection to Goldsborough by
the middle of March."
We left Hilton Head on the 3d and arrived off Morehead City on
the 5th of February. The men and railroad supplies brought with
us were landed next day. We found the railroad in running order
from Morehead City to Batchelder^s Creek, a distance of forty-four
miles. The track, however, was in bad condition, and the sidings
were entirely inadequate to the business about to be thrown upon the
road. The wharf at Morehead City had not half the capacity required
for unloading vessels, and there was not fifty cords of wood on the
whole road for railroad use. The equipment of the road consisted of
sixty-two cars and three locomotives in running order, and nine cars
and two locomotives unfit for use without repairs. I appointed J. B.
Van Dyne, esq., superintendent of transportation and William Cess-
ford master mechanic, and they went to work at once to organize their
respective departments. The Construction Corps, under Mr. Smeed,
division engineer, was put to work repairing main track and extend-
ing old sidings and laying new ones where required; preparing cross-
ties, bridge timber, saw logs, piles, and wharf timber; building and
repairing water-tanks, and other necessary work preparatory to an
extension of the road and conducting a large business. Arrange-
ments were made for an ample supply of wood. I found Mr. McAlpine
on the road with a small construction force; they had repaired a few
hundred yards of track and almost completed the bridge over Batch-
elder's Creek. He had been sent here by order of General Grant, but
as soon as we arrived he considered himself relieved and returned at
once to Virginia with his men. Mr. McAlpine had brought some
little railroad iron and a few cross-ties with him from Virginia, but
with this exception we found the road destitute of materials and tools
necessary for construction and repaire and for operating it. Accord-
ingly requisitions for the necessary amount of these supplies, together
with the probable additional amount of rolling-stock that would be
required, were sent at once to your office. Having received orders on
the 17th of February to build a new wharf of considerable dimensions
at Morehead City, I also made requisition for two steam pile drivers
and such material for this purpose as could not be procured here.
On the 3d of March General Cox (who was in command of the column
that moved from here) commenced his advance toward Goldsborough.
He was poorly supplied with wagon transportation, and thei^efore had
to depend upon the railroad almost entirely. The construction of the
railroad kept pace with the advance of the troops, and the supplies
were moved by rail from camp to camp and unloaded from the main
track as the troops marched up the road. Of course track laying
could not advance so rapidly under such circumstances as if the track
had been kept clear for construction purposes; but still the progress
was very satisfactory. This mode of advance and movement of sup-
plies was continued until we reached a point on the railroad opposite
the battle-field of Wise's Cross-Roads. Here we made a temporary
depot, and (a supply of wagon transportation having arrived) stores
UNION AUTHORITIES. 31
were hauled in wagons to Kinston, to which point General Scliofield
(who had arrived and taken command) pushed forward with his army
immediately after the battle. From a short distance beyond Batch-
elder's Creek we had found the track thus far taken up and the rails
carried away and all the bridges and water stations destroyed. An
examination of the road beyond showed it to be in the same condition
as far as Kinston.
The enemy having fallen back to or beyond Goldsborough, and
General Couch's command having arrived from Wilmington, General
Schofield desired to accumulate the necessary supplies as rapidly as
possible so as to enable him to push forward and make the pre-
arranged junction with General Sherman's army at Goldsborough by
the "middle of March." It became, therefore, a matter of utmost
imxM>rtance to push forward the work on the railroad with utmost
rapidity (at least as far as the Neuse River), and the Third Division
of ttie Construction Corps having arrived, I was enabled from this
time to keep the work going night and day. Most of the cross-ties
used up to this time in the new track had been cut alongside the
railroad and carried onto the road bed. It became necessary to cut
these ties because we had not cars and engines to spare from hauling
army supplies to bring up the stock previously prepared at points
back on the railroad, and they had to be carried to the place where
used because our ox teams could not cross the deep and wide ditch,
mostly full of water, on both sides of the road bed. Not having men
enough to cut and carry ties as fast as we could put down the rails, I
applied to General Schofield for a detail of soldiers to assist. He
ordered the detail made, and they worked two days, in that time
getting out and bringing to the road 6,400 ties. We reached Neuse
River with the track on the 20th of March, and the same day com-
menced running supplies to that X)oint with all the cars and engines
we had. The Neuse River bridge was completed on the 23d, and the
track between it and Kinston having been laid while the bridge' was
building, the construction force moved forward, and, building two
bridges and doing some other work by the way, reached Goldsborough
late in the night of the 24th, but, in consequence of having to repair
a small piece of track at the edge of town, did not reach the depot
until 3 a. m. on the 25th. General Sherman's army had all reached
the place of meeting on the previous daj'. The construction force
was now sent forward to oi)en up the road to Wilmington, while the
whole energies of the transportation department were concentrated
in an effort to supply the present wants of the large army which had
assembled in and around Goldsborough after its long march from
Savannah, and in addition to accumulate supplies by the 10th of
April for the contemplated movement on that day. Of course until
the Wilmington line could be opened we had to depend upon the
Morehead City line alone.
Knowing General Sherman's punctuality, I was much concerned for
fear that with the small amount of rolling-stock on hand it would be
impossible to accomplish the work required of us within the time
named; but by good management and good luck I am happy to state
that on the evening of the 9th the chief quartermaster and the chief
commissary of subsistence informed me that the whole army was
supplied with everything required for the movement next day. I
attribute the result partly to good luck, because, although every
wheel we had was kept turning night and day during this period, we
were so fortunate as not to have a single accident. The disabling of a
32 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
single locomotive or a few cars would have been an irreparable loss.
It seems almost incredible that this work was done; that about 150
car-loads in excess of enough supplies for Sherman's army were moved
in fourteen days from Morehead City and New Berne to Goldsborough
with only eighty-seven cars and five engines up to April 1, and same
number of cars and six engines after that date. The repairs to the
Wilmington road were completed on the 4th of April; the trains com-
menced running the same day. The few cars and the two engines
that had arrived at Wilmington up to this date were used in supply-
ing General Terry's command, which lay along this road pending the
movement on Raleigh.
On the 10th of April the work of reconstruction commenced on the
Goldsborough and Raleigh line. This was found to be much heavier
than was anticipated, for the enemy, having obtained information,
probably, of the direction in which Sherman was going to move, had
within a day or two previous torn up and destroyed about eight miles
of track and filled up some of the cuts with trees, brush, logs, rocks,
and earth. We were until the 19th in repairing this damaged track
and in rebuilding the Little River and Neuse River bridges. On the
evening of that day we ran into Raleigh with the construction trains,
follow^ closely by two train-loads of supplies. During the armis-
tice our trains were kept going day and night bringing forward full
supplies for the army, either for a resumption of hostilities or a march
homeward. On the 25th, when General Sherman informed me that
"the army moves to-morrow against the enemy in the direction of
Greensborough and Salisbury," the wagons were again fully loaded,
and there was, in addition, a considerable accumulation of stores at
Raleigh. The addition of our rolling-stock received from the North,
together with some captured stock that was serviceable, enabled us to
get forward the stores with comparative ease, now, and also carry on
construction and repairs. It was a great relief to know that we had
the means to do our work, and feel that an accident to one train would
not necessarily disarrange the whole plans of the campaign. But,
although we had rolling-stock enough for present use, we had not
enough should the army advance on Greensborough and Salisbury.
I therefore, on the 2l8t of April, went out to Cedar Creek, on the
Raleigh and Gaston Railroad, twenty-five miles from Raleigh, to
meet the president of that company and see if we could borrow some
stock from them. By direction of General Sherman I agreed with
him to rebuild the bridge over Cedar Creek for the use of four loco-
motives and forty cars for as long a time as they might be required
for military purposes. We built the bridge, but the surrender of
Johnston and the arrival of more stock from the North made it unnec-
essary to call on that company for the fulfillment of their part of the
contract. The rebuilding of Cedar Creek bridge completed the rail-
road connection between Raleigh and the Roanoke River at Gaston
and aLso at Weldon. During the suspension of hostilities we operated
the Nprth Carolina Railroad to Durham's Station, twenty-five miles
from Raleigh.
Immediately upon Johnston's surrender I was ordered to rebuild
the Flat Creek bridge, some ten miles beyond Durham, which opened
the road to Salisbury. And our army being fully supplied, a large
amount of stores were sent up the North Carelina Railroad for use
of the force which had just surrendered during the time required to
parole the men. Sherman's army having marched north, and John-
ston's army having been disbanded, there was left in this department
only General Sehofield's command to supply. Compared with the
UNION AUTHORITIES. 33
business which we had been doing, this was but a small thing, and,
in accordance with your order, arrangements were at once made to
rednee the force employed in the transportation and machine depart-
ments to the smallest numbers possible to do the work. Also in
accordance with your orders the Construction Corps was disbanded,
and the force employed on maintenance of way and structures much
reduced. Under these orders about two-thirds of all the railroad
employ&i in this department were discharged and expenses reduced
accordingly. It is with no little regret that I part with the Construc-
tion Corps, which I have taken such pains to organize and train for
military railroad service; but at the same time that I feel this regret
I rejoice that the necessity for this organization and their services no
longer exist, and that having done their work they can now be dis-
banded and go home. Since landing at Morehead City, on the 6th of
February, we have, in addition to keeping up the superstructure,
bridges, water stations, and other work connected with maintenance
of way, built about thirty-three miles of new track, including sidings
and track laid for the reception of the wide-gauge stock that was to
have been sent here.
We have built the following-named bridges:
Length (feet).
Batchelder'8 Creek, Morehead City, Gtoldsboroogh and Raleigh Railroad . . 70
Core Creek, Morehead City, Gk>ld0boroagh and Raleifl^ Railroad 100
Soathwest Creek, Morehead City, Goldsborough and Raleigh Railroad 65
Nense River, No. 1, Morehead CHty, Goldsboroagh and Raleig:h Railroad _ . 868
Falling Water Creek, Morehead City, Goldsborongh and Raleigh Railroad. 70
Bear Creek, Morehead City, Gk>ldBborotigh and Rialeiffh Railroad 100
Little River, Morehead City, Gtoldsborotiffh and Raleiffh Railroad 150
Xense River, No. 2, Morehead City, Gtoldsboroogh and Aaleigh Railroad. . . 814
Nense River, No. 3, Wilmington and Goldsborongh Railroad 236
Northeast River, Wilmington and Goldsborongh Railroad . '. 872
Cedar Creek.Raleigh and Gaston Railroad.... 682
Flat Creek, North Carolina Railroad 100
Total 2,991
The timber consumed in the construction of these bridges is as
follows:
7eet,B.3L
Batchelder's Creek 10,600
Core Creek 15,000
Southwest Creek ' 12,750
Neose River, No. 1 146,710
Falling Water Creek 10,500
Bear Creek 15,000
Little River 25,500
NcuseRiver,No.2 62,800
NeiiBeRiver,No.3 89,950
NorOieast River 111,600
Cedar Creek 819,200
Flat Creek 10,000
Total 779,510
The new wharf at Morehead City was completed in time to be of
much service in discharging vessels. There is room now for seven or
eight vessels to lie at these wharves at the same time, and any vessel
that can cross the bar can come to the wharf. The depth of water on
the bar is fourteen and one-half feet. The area of the new wharf is
53,682 square feet, or very nearly one acre and a quarter. The cost of
labor in its construction amounted to $32,086. The amount of timber
consumed, 700,000 feet, board measure. The following summarv of
3 R R— SERIES in, VOL V
34
CORKESPONDENCEy ETC.
timber consnmed in the different stmctnres on the roads is given. All
other materials^ except cross-ties and railroad iron, is, or should be,
accounted for in the store-house report:
Timber and lumber consumed,
Faet.B.lC
Bridges 779,510
Water-tanks 26,100
CWb-work (Morehead City) ... 66,000
Wharf 700.000
Buildings , 88,000
Total 1,603,610
The total number of cross-ties used in new track and on repairs was
111,100.
For information in regard to the timber, wood, cross-ties, Ac., now
on hand, see Exhibit B (report of J. M. Lindley, wood and tie agent),
attached to this report.* Not having been furnished with an account
of the railroad iron sent here, I cannot make an accurate report of the
amount consumed. For the new track laid we straightened and used
a great deal of damaged iron. In many cases wo had to lay without
chairs, because those sent with the iron did not fit it. Your attention
is called to Exhibit A, attached tc this report (the store-house report
signed by Captain Starkweather).* It purports to give the amount of
stores and materials received, consumed, and remaining on hand.
The report is evidently inaccurate in regard to lumber and some other
items. It is also proper to state that many of the tools and other
articles reported as on hand are worn out and worthless. . Exhibit C
contains accurate plans of all bridges built, together with a plan of
the wharves at Morehead City. * Below please find tabular statements
of cars and engines on the military railroads in this department. And
here I take occasion to say that nearly all the captured stock is worth-
less. Very little of it is worth even temporary repairs. Of course the
best was run off to escape capture, but since ^he ^^ rebellion has been
crushed," and the different railroad companies have commenced oper-
ating their roads again, much of this ha^ made its appearance, and we
have thus had a good opportunity to judge of the condition of the
rolling-stock in the "Confederacy." It was nearly worn out. A tabu-
lar statement is also given of the loaded cars moved on the military rail-
roads in this department during seventy-four days ending May 1, 1865.
LUt of engines on Morehead City and Ooldtborough Line ( U, S, military railroad
stock).
No.
Name.
Boilder.
Condition.
When
received.
Blue Bird
Baldwin
Banning order
. ...do
Mar 19
Union
do
Apr. 1
Apr. 96
Feb 9
VolMii
do
do
Korrit
do
Reindeer
do
Need repairs
Seeratery
Tannton
Ronning order
.....do
Apr. 96
Apr. 14
Feb 9
GrmoeShot
do
Chief
do
Nised repairs
Scoot
Jersey City
Ao --
Feb 9
10
CoRiniodore ....... . ....••
Smith it Jackson
do
Good order. ........ .
May 1
Apr. 14
Feb 25
11
Lion
do
12
Colonel Weheter. ... ...
Manchester . r . r - - . . r .
Need repairs
in
Ancient
Norri*
do
Feb. 9
•Omitted.
UNION AUTHOBrriES.
Captured on Cfoldtborough and Raleigh Line,
35
Ko.
ir»..
Bnilder.
Condition.
When
received.
1
2
3
TT%)if»x
Korrii
KeedreiMlrB
Apr. 19
Apr. 19
Apr. 19
do
WorthlMS . .
lUMrh
do
Neod repairs
NoTS.— BBjrine Ancient on Horebead City «nd Goldtborongh Line not fit for roed is used %% More*
head City. Engines Halifax and Raleigh are only senrloeable as switch engines and are need in that
capacity at Raleigh.
Statement of cars on U, 8. military railroads,
HOREHEAD CITY AND GOLDSBOROUOH LINB (U. S. MILITARY RAILROAD STOCK).
1
S5
Description.
Condition.
"When
reoeiTed.
n
F^b. 9
11
Box-cani
do
Feb. 9
11
Raek-cars
do
Feb. 9
J\
Flat-cars
do
Feb 9
10
.. do
Bad order
Feb. 9
25
15
SO
... Ho
Rnnning order .............. ...
a Mar 19
do
do ,
6Apr. 4
cApr. 26
do
do ,
a At Morehead City. b From Wilmington and Goldsborongh. e At New Berne.
WILMINGTON AND GOLDSBOROUGH LINE (CAPTURED STOCK).
4 Pasaencer-cara
Bad Older
Apr. 4
Apr. 4
Apr. 4
Apr. 4
Apr. 4
J f^ do^.TT:.::::::::.:.:::::;:.::..:...
Unsenriceable
5 BaiTFafl^cara
Bad order
4 t Box-cars .............
do «
7 1 Flat-cacB
do
Raleigh and Oaston Railroad (captured stock
of different roads).
1
i
Deaeription.
Condition.
When
received.
^
Pasafmrcn* cars
Bad order
Apr. 22
Apr. 22
Apr. 22
Apr. 22
Apr. 22
Apr. 22
1
do
tr
Box-cars. • ....r. ........
do
14
do
Unserviceable....
1
Rack-car
Bad order
74
Flat<:ara
do -
List of captured engines on the Wilmington and Ooldaborough Line,
Na
Name.
Builder.
Condition.
When
received.
Wilmington
Penflreranoe
Goldaborongh
Orange
Govemdh* Ellis
PrasideDt
QaickBtep
Job Terry
SIODewall Jackson .
BmuAirick
North Carolina
Tarborongh
Unknown
Maoobetter. .
Baldwin
Manchester. .
Baldwin
Norris
do
Hinkley....
Norris:
do
Baldwin
Anderson —
Manchester..
Rnnning order.
.....do."
Need repairs —
Beiiup repaired..
Worthless'...!..
do
....do
do
do
do
do
do
Mar. 26
Mar. 26
Mar. 26
Mar. 26
Mar. 26
Mar. 26
Mar. 26
Mar. 26
Mar. 26
Mar. 26
Mar. 26
Mar. 26
Mar. 26
Nan.— Noa. 1, 2, and 3 are m use, hot not considered serviceable.
86
CORRE8FONDEMCB, ETO.
StiUement of loaded cars forwarded and received from February 15 to May 1, 1865.
FORWARDED.
From—
To-
Number.
Contente.
irorohMd Clt7
F»t>iit
do
1,641
850
no
400
Stores.
Vvw Berne.. r.........
Do,
WilmlnKtoii
....do
Do.
Moreheii!! City
....do
Troop*.
Total
8,201
BBCEiySD.
Komber.
Contenta.
Kew Berne
Horeheed Cl^ .
Wilmington —
Vew
Front
...do
Goldsbor-
ouffh.
Varlona
773
209
88
Do
Total.
Front.
Unknown.
Do.
Do.
Wood.
800 Baggage,^
*1,765 j
Kon— Two hundred care atorea ftom dock to Monkead City; 1«M1 oara oonatruction material
moved an average distance of thirty miles.
RECAPITULATION.
Senttotheftont 8.201
Beceived at New Berne 1,373
Received at Morebead City 2»
Received at Wilmington 88
Construction material 1,541
Traaaferring atorea 200
Total number loaded cars forwarded and received 0,887
The following statement of cost of labor is taken from the pay-
rolls and embraces the whole time since the Second Division left
Nashville until the Construction Corps was disbanded ; that is, from
January 1 to May 15, 1865:
Cost of labor on U, 8. military railroads. Military Division oj the Mississippi, in
the Departm£nt of North Carolina, 1866,
January.
February.
March.
April.
May.
Construction and maintenance
Machine deimrtment k....
192.083.01
4.700.09
5.023.00
$128,377.00
8, 568. SO
$191,131.11
$176,433.86
27.697.21
14,582.48
$48,028.06
0,431 84
6.972.55 1 15,116.98
8 423.00
Total
101,905.70
142,919. 10 1 '223. fUU. 16
218.713.65
57,882.89
Total, $745, 005. 40.
Names of U, S, viUitary railroads. Department of North Carolina.
Horehead City and GoldsborotiRh lino _ 85
Wilmington and Gk>ld8boroagh line 85
Gk>]d8boronflrh and Raleigh line 48
North Carolina, Raleigh to Hillsborough 40
Raleigh and Gaston, Raleigh to Cedar Creek 25
Total.
2d8
UNION AUTHORITIES. 87
In closing this report it gives me great pleasure to again bear tes-
timony to the hearty and effective co-operation of the chief quarter-
master and the chief commissary of subsistence Military Division of
the 3iississippi, Generals L. C. Easton and A. Beckwith, in all our
operations. We have worked together for so long a time, under .snch
a variety of circumstances, and over such an extent of territory, that
we have learned how to suppl}'^ a large army by railroad. Nothing
but this knowledge and perfect harmony of action enabled us, with
our limited railroad facilities, to make operations in this department
a success. To my assistants great credit is due for this success. J. B.
Van Dy^ne, superintendent of transportation, has shown good tact,
skill, and untiring industry in his department. E. C. Smeed, division
engineer, has ably assisted me in the maintenance of way and con-
struction department. William Cessford, master mechanic, by his
mechanical skill and indefatigable efforts to keep in repair our hard-
worked rolling-stock, did excellent service. I commend the services
of these gentlemen, together with many othera holding subordinate
positions, which the limits of this rei)ort preclude me from naming, to
your consideration.
Exhibit D shows the present organization in the military railroads
in this department.*
I have the honor to be, verv respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. W. WRIGHT,
Chief Engineer Military Railroads, IXv. of the Miss.,
In charge Military Railroads^ Dept. of North Carolina.
General Orders, ) War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 99. J Washingt/JH, May '28, 1865,
I. In oi-der to recruit the ranks of the regular regiments as soon as
practicable, the Adjutant-General will open recruiting stations at
such x>oints as offer a reasonable prospect of enlisting good men.
II. Volunteers honorably discharged from the U. S. service who
enlist in the Regular Array within ten days from date of discharge
will be allowed a furlough of thirty days before joining their regi-
ments. They will be paid all pay and allowances to which they may
be entitled on being discharged from the volunteer service.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSENB,
Assistant Adjutant- Oeneral.
[May 29, 1865. — For amnesty proclamation of the President, and
circular of Department of State establishing rules and regulations
for administering and recording the amnesty oath, see Series II, Vol.
Vm, p. 578.]
By the President of the United States op America:
A proclamation.
Whereas, tlie fourth section of the fourth article of the Constitution
of the United States declares that the United States shall guarantee
♦Omitted.
88 COBBESPONDENCEy ETC.
to eveiy State in the Union a republican form of government, and
shall protect each of them against invasion and domestic violence;
and whereas, the President of the United States is, by the Constitution,
made Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy, as well as chief civil
Execjiitive officer of the United States, and is bound by solemn oath
faithfully to execute the office of President of the United States, and
to take care that the laws be faithfully executed; and whereas, the
rebellion which has been waged by a portion of the people of the
United States against the proi)erly constituted authorities of the Gov-
ernment thereof, in the most violent and revolting form, but whose
Qrganized and armed forces have now been almost entirely overcome,
has, in its revolutionary progress, deprived the i>eople of the State of
North Carolina of all civil government; and whereas, it becomes
necessary and proi)er to carry out and enforce the obligations of the
United States to the x>6ople of North Carolina, in securing them in
the enjoyment of a republican form of government:
Now, therefore, in obedience to the high and solemn duties imi)06ed
upon me by the Constitution of the United States, and for the pur-
pose of enabling the loyal i)eople of said State to organize a State
Government, whereby justice may be established, domestic tranquillity
insured, and loyal citizens protected in all their rights of life, liberty,
and property, I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States and
Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, do
hereby appoint William W. Holden Provisional Governor of the State
of North Carolina, whose duty it shall be at the earliest practical
X)eriod to prescribe such rules and regulations as may be necessary and
proper for convening a convention, composed of delegates to be chosen
by that portion of the i)eople of said State who are loyal to the United
States, and no others, for the purpose of altering or amending the
constitution thereof; and with authority to exercise, within the limits
of said State, all the powers necessary and proper to enable such loyal
people of the State of North Carolina to restore said State to its con-
stitutional relations to the Federal Gcovemmfent, and to present such
a republican form of State government as will entitle the State to the
guaranty of the United States therefor, and its people to protection
by the United States against invasion, insurrection, and domestic
violence : Provided^ That in any election that may be hereafter held
for choosing delegates to any State convention as aforesaid no person
shall be qualified as an elector or shall be eligible as a member of such
convention unless he shall have previously taken and subscribed the
oath of amnesty, as set forth in the President's proclamation of May
twenty-ninth, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and
sixty-five, and is a voter qualified as prescribed by the constitution and
laws of the State of North Carolina in force immediately before the
twentieth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight
hundred and sixty-one, the date of the so-called ordinance of secession;
and the said convention when convened, or the legislature that may
be thereafter assembled, will prescribe the qualification of electors,
and the eligibilit}' of persons to hold office under the constitution and
laws of the State, a power the people of the several States composing
the Federal Union have rightfully exercised from the origin of the
Government to the present time.
And I do hereby direct —
First. That the military commander of the department, and all
officers and persons in the military and naval service, aid and assist
UKION AUTHOEITIES. 89
the said Provisional Grovernor in carrying into effect this proclamation,
and they are enjoined to abstain from in any way hindering, impeding,
or discouraging the loyal people from the organization of a State gov-
ernment as herein authorized.
Second. That the Secretary of State proceed to put in force all laws
of the United States, the administration whereof belongs to the State
Department, applicable to the geogi*aphical limits aforesaid.
Third. That the Secretary of the Treasury proceed to nominate for
appointment assessors of taxes, and collectors of customs and inter-
nal revenue, and such other officers of the Treasury Department as
are authorized by law, and put in execution the revenue laws of the
United States within the geographical limits aforesaid. In making
appointments the preference shall be given to qualified loyal persons
residing within the districts where their respective duties are to be
performed. But if suitable residents of the districts shall not be
found, then x)er8ons residing in other States or districts shall be
appointed.
Fourth. That the Postmaster-General proceed to establish post-
offices and post routes, and put into execution the postal laws of the
United States within the said State, giving to loyal residents the
preference of appointment; but if suitable residents are not found,
then to appoint agents, Jbc, from other States.
Fifth. That the district judge for the judicial district in which
North Carolina is included proceed to hold courts within said State
in accordance with the provisions of the act of Congress. The
Attorney-General will instruct the proper officers to libel, and to bring
to judgment, confiscation, and sale, property subject to confiscation,
and enforce the administration of justice within said State in all
matters within the cognizance and jurisdiction of the Federal courts.
Sixth. That the Secretary of the Navy take possession of all public
property belonging to the Navy Department within said geographical
limits, and put in operation all acts of Congress in relation to naval
affairs having application to the said State.
Seventh. That the Secretary of the Interior put in force the laws
relating to the Interior Department applicable to the geographical
limits aforesaid.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the
seal of the United States to be affixed.
Done at the city of Washington this twentj'-ninth day of May, in
the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, and of
the Independence of the United States the eighty-ninth.
[l. S.1 ANDREW JOHNSON.
by the F^resident:
WILLIAM II. SEWARD,
Secretary of State,
(Same, mviaiis mutandiSy issued for the State of Mississippi, June
13, 1865; for the States of Georgia and Texas (separate proclama-
tions) June 17, 1865; for the State of Alabama, June 21, 18G5; for the
Sute of South Carolina, June 30, 18C5, and for the State of 'Florida,
Julv 13, 1865.
William L. Sharkey was appointed Provisional Governor of Mis-
sissippi, James Johnson for Georgia, Andrew J. Hamilton for Texas,
Lewis E. Parsons for Alabama, Benjamin F. Perry for South Caro-
lina, and William Marvin for Florida.)
42 C0BBE8P0NDEVCB, ETC.
Fifth. All other movable property, including rolling-stock of all
kinds, the property of the United States, to be sold at auction after
full public notice to the highest bidder.
Sixth. All rolling-stock and materials of railroads oaptpred by the
forces of the United States, and not consumed, destroyed, or per-
manently fixed elsewhere, as, for instance, when captured iron has
been laid upon other roads, shall be placed at the disposal of the
roads which originally owned the same, and shall be given up to these
roads as soon as it can be spared, and they appear by proper agents
authorized to receive it.
Sevenths No payment or credit shall be given to any railroad recap-
tured from the public enemy for its occupation or use by the United
States during the continuance of the military necessity which com-
pelled the United States to take x>osses8loniof it; but its capture and
restoration shall be deemed a sufficient consideration for ^11 such use;
nor shall any indemnity be paid for injuries done to tJie property of
any road by the forces of the United States; during the continuance
of the war.
Eighth. Roads which have not been operated by the U. S. Quar-
termaster's Department not to be interfered with unless under mil-
itary necessity, such roads to be left in possession of such persons as
may now have possession, subject only to the removal of every ag^t,
director, president, sui)erintendent, or operative who has not taken
the oath of allegiance to the United States.
Ninth. When superintendents in actual possession decline to take
the oath, some competent person shall be appointed as receiver of the
road, who shall administer its affairs and account for its receipts to
the board of directors, who may be formally recognized as the legal
and loyal board of managers; the receiver to be appointed by the
Treasuiy Department, as in the case of abandoned property.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
C. A. DANA,
Assistant Secretary of War.
War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
May 29, 1866.
Governor of Maine:
Refen'ing to my telegram of May 18, 1 have the honor to inform you
that the order for muster out of volunteer white troops (except Vet-
eran Reserve Corps) whose terms expire prior to October 1 next has
been extended to include all armies and departments.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
AssistarU Adjutant O^neroL
(Same to Governors of New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts,
Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Penn-
sylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa,
Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Missouri, and Kentucky.)
War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
Washington, May 29, 1866.
Department Commanders:
Please announce that General Orders, No. 36, of 1862, with the three
notes attached relating to discharge of the sick, will be applied in all
UNION AUTH0RITIB8. 48
siinilar eases, as, for instance, in the case of discharges under General
Orders, No. 77, of 1865. There appears to be some misunderstanding
in TegBod to it. This does not change regulations and orders as to who
shall be mustered out and who discharged for disability, but 'only
applies General Orders, No. 36, of 1862, to x>artial payments, descrip-
tiye Usts, transportation, &g. , of men discharged under General Orders,
No. 77, current series, and similar orders.
SAMUEL BRECK,
Assistcmt Adjutant-Q^neraL,
(Copy to chief mustering oficers.)
Grnerai, Ordebs, ) War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 101. J Washington, May SO, 1866.
retention of arms bt soldiers on being honorably dis-
charged FROM service.
Upon an honorable muster out and discharge from the service of
the United States, all volunteer soldiers desiring to do so are hereby
authorized to retain their arms and accouterments on i)aying there-
for their value to the Ordnance Department.
The payments will be made, under the regulations of the Ordnance
Department, to the officer or representative thereof at the rendezvous
in the State to which the troops are ordered for payment and final
discharge.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant AdjiUant- General,
War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
May SO', 1866,
Governor of Maine:
An order has been issued directing all volunteer artillery in the
Armies of the Potomac, Tennessee, and (reorgia to be immediately
mustered out and discharged the service of the United States.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant AdjuianirGeTteral,
(Copy for the Governors of New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachu-
setts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsyl-
vania, Delaware, Maryland, West Viijginia, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky,
Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Kansas.)
General Orders, ) War Dept., Adjt. General's Offic^,
No. 102. J Washington, May SI, 1866.
Dei>artment, district, post, and other commanding of&cers will make
such temporaiy details of officers and soldiers as may be required by
assistant commissioners of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and
Abandoned Lands, and render them, or other officers of said Bureau,
44 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
any aid that may be required by them in the discharge of their offi-
cial duties.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistcin t Adjutant- General.
War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
May SI, 1865.
Maj. Gen. John A. Dix,
Commanding Department of the East:
The Secretary of War directs that all volunteer organizations of
white troops of your command (except the Veteran Reserve Corps)
whose terms of service expire prior to October 1 next be immediately
mustered out of service.
The organizations to be discharged will be ordered to report to the
rendezvous in their respective States at or nearest which mustered in,
there to be mustered out under the direction of the chief mustering
oflScer of the State.
Should your command be reduced prejudicially to the service by
this order, you are authorized to suspend it in whole or in part,
promptly notifying and stating reasons to the Adjutant-General of
the Army, with a view to receiving further instructions. Please
acknowledge this.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant Adjutant- Oeneral.
(Same to Maj. Gren. Joseph Hooker, commanding Northern Depart-
ment, Cincinnati, Ohio.)
Chattanooga, June 1, 1865.
A. Anderson,
Chief Superintendent' and Engineer
Military Railroads of the United States:
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of operations
of the Construction Corps, U. S. Military Railroads, Division of the
Mississippi, from the date I was placed in charge, February 10, to
June 1, 1865. Upon the completion of the work assigned me by Col.
W. W. Wright, chief engineer, previous to his departure for Savan-
nah, the rebuilding of the bridges on the Nashville, Decatur and
Stevenson line, destroyed by Hood in his retreat from Nashville,
amounting in the aggregate to 6,000 feet (linear), I reported to you at
Nashville. On the 17th of February I'eceived orders from General
McCaUum to send forward a division of the Construction Corps to
Baltimore. I selected the Third Division, composed of Speers' and
Bones' subdivisions of carpenters and workmen, comprising about 400
men, who, in chargeof William McDonald, assistant engineer, left Nash-
ville on February 25, with orders to proceed to Baltimore, and upon
arrival there reporting to General McCallum at Washington, D. C.
This division I recalled from the East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad,
where they had been sent a few days before, General Thomas decid-
ing not to prosecute the work any further at that time. Upon the
withdrawal of this division I organized the Seventh Division of track-
men, detaching a part of the Fourth Division of carpenters as a bridge
force. The Second Division having been transferred to North Caro-
lina some time previous, and the Fifth and Sixth Divisions employed
UNION AUTHORITIES. 45
upon the Nashyille and Northwestern and Nashville and Clarksville
lines, left us on the 1st of March with the First, Fourth, and Seventh
Divisions, amounting in all to about 2,000 men.
On the Ist of March, by your order, I transferred the Fifth and Sixth
Divisions of the Construction Corps, engaged in the construction and
maintenance of the Northwestern and Clarksville lines, to the trans-
portation department, they taking entire control of the roads from
that date.
February 16 sent the First Division of trackmen, who had been
assisting the bridge force on the Nashville, Decatur and Stevenson
line, to Chattanooga, and returned the bridge-builders of the First
Division, by order of General Thomas, to Columbia, to erect a perma-
nent turnpike bridge across Duck River at that, point. I directed
Mr. Rozelle, superintendent in charge, to put up a Howe truss of three
spans, 112 feet each, using the bolts and castings of bridges destroyed
on the railroad. The bridge was finished the latter part of May, hav-
ing been built at intervals when the division was not otherwise
employed. It is a strong and permanent structure of 350 feet in
length, costing about $50 per foot (linear), which I would respectfully
suggest charging the turnpike company or corporation of Columbia
with.
On the 25th of February we were visited by a freshet, almost un-
precedented, which destroyed or injured to a greater or less extent
all the bridges on the Nashville, Decatur and Stevenson line, on the
Northwestern, five on the Chattanooga and Atlanta line between
Chattanooga and Dalton, and two on the Clarksville line. The repairs
of the roads were commenced at once by the First Division, the per-
manent bridge force of the various lines, and a large force of Nagle's
men furnished by the transx)ortation depaitment. The bridges on
the Chattanooga and Atlanta line were at the same time commenced
by the Fourth Division, in charge of C. Latimer, division engineer,
who upon their completion repaired with his force to the Elk River
bridge on Nashville, Dacatur and Stevenson line, and continued
wor^ng from that end of the line until joined by Rozelle, working
south.
On the 3d of March we had another freshet, almost as disastrous
as the former one, destroying again nearly all the bridges we had
rebuilt, and this time washing out three bridges on the Nashville
and Chattanooga line and throwing four others out of line. Large
forces of men were immediately put to work, and after an interrup-
tion of one week communication was again established with Chatta-
nooga on the Northwestern and Nashville, Decatur and Stevenson
lines. Communication was not fully restored until the 28th. Owing
to the destruction in part of the Red River bridge the Clarksville line
w^t of Springfield was abandoned.
On March 12 received orders from General Thomas to reopen the
East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad from Strawberry Plains to
Bull's Gap, and put it in condition to sustain as heav}'^ a business as
was done upon the Chattanooga and Atlanta line last summer. I
accordingly directed Mr. Latimer, division engineer, with the track
force of the First Division and a carpenter force from the Fourth
Division, to proceed at once to Strawberry Plains for that purpose.
We commenced work at that point on the 14th. From thence to New
Market the road was destroyed in patches for one mile and a half,
including five cattle guards, two bridges of thirty feet span each, and
tank at Friend's Station. The road was repaired and opened to New
Market the 18th. From New Market to Morristown the track was
46
COBRESPONDEKCE, ETC.
bomt in iMitclies to the extent of one mile and a qnarter. Twenty
cattle gnards. bridge at Mossy Creek (150 feet in length), and one at
Monristown (24 feet 8X>an) were destroyed. At this point erected
two tanks and extended side track for 1,500 feet. From Morristown
to Rogersville Junction, or Bull's Gap, the track was destroyed to the
extent of three-fourths of a mile. Three bridges of 24 feet span, one
of 40 feet span, and one at Russell ville of 150 feet span were also
destroyed. The line was opened to Bull's Gap on the 25th. Upon
reaching that point I received further orders from General Thomas
to open the road to Carter's Station, on the Watauga River, twenty
miles west of Bristol, which we reached on the 29th of April. From
Bull's Gap to GreeneviUe the mechanical work on the road was very
heavy, and all destroyed. Rebuilt a bridge of 100 feet span and re-
newed 300 feet of trestle-work at Bull's Gap. From thence to Lick
Creek the track was uninjured. The bridge and trestle-work at Lick
Creek, 900 feet in length, was burnt and the track totally destroyed
for seven miles, extending to a point two miles east of Blue Spring.
The extensive trestle-work at Swan Pond, two miles east of Lick
Creek, 1,400 feet in length and from 9 to 17 in height, was likewise
destroyed.
I would here take occasion to express my acknowledgment of the
valuable service rendered by Major-General Stanley, commanding
Fourth Army Corps, who furnished all the transportation required
and large details of men for cutting ties and wood, loading timber, &c.
The laying of the track between Lick Creek and Blue Spring was
much retarded by the incessant rains occurring at that time. East
of Blue Spring we erected two water-tanks. Between this point and
GreeneviUe we rebuilt three bridges across the Chucky of 140 feet, 100
feet, and 180 feet, respectively; the track was only destroyed to the
extent of one-fourth of a mile. Between GreeneviUe and Carter's Sta-
tion, which we reached on the 29th of April, there were three bridges
destroyed of 245 feet, 137 feet, and 235 feet in length, respectively.
Having reached the point to which we were ordered to open the road,
the men were set to work cutting timber and ties, surfacing track,
Ac. , whilst awaiting further orders. During the progress of the work
upon the main line another force of trackmen were employed at
Knoxville in laying a side track 3,000 feet in length to the commis-
sary building in course of erection on the old Charleston railroad.
Another large force were engaged lengthening the sidings on the
main line to facilitate the passing of trains. The operations of the
Fourth Division, of carpenters, and part of the Seventh Division, of
trackmen, under charge of John F. Burgin, division engineer, were
confined chiefly to the erection of buildings, though frequently
employed upon bridges and repairs of track. The rolling-mill was
completed and went into successful operation the latter part of March ;
a report of operations up to the 1st of June I herewith append.
Report of iron manufactured at rdUing-miU V. S, military railroads, at Chat-
tanooga, Tenn., to June /, 186.5.
ArtiolM.
Old Iron pounds..
Mew ndlroad Iron pounds. .
Coal bnsbels..
RaeeiTed.
2.608.968
59.092
Expended.
2.603.986
42,262
Manufac-
tared.
2,364,320
iMoed.
BaUnoe.
916^036
l.M8,»4
16,830
UNION AUTHORITIES. 47
There has been a track graded west of the rolling-mill, and an
extensive trestle and coal-bin erected. Fourteen small mess-honses
have been bnilt, and three large buildings, in course of erection at
date of last report, finished. A large force of the Seventh Division
have been constantly employed at the mill up to this date digging a
well, unloading cars, Ac. Another force of upward of 100 men of the
Seventh Division have been employed upon repairs of the Nashville
and Chattanooga Railroad up to this date. About eighty men have
been constantly employed in the quarry near Chattanooga, getting out
stone for foundations, sewers, and ballast. The most of the founda-
tions for the roundhouse are in, and the greater part of the lumber
intended for it cut and delivered. A double track was graded from
the main track outside the depot yard, running to the roundhouse,
and from thence extended ahnost to the Crutchfleld House, with the
design ultimately of connecting with the tracks in the street. There
has been erected also extensive barracks and officers' quarters for the
depot guard, and a large building for officers of the transportation
department, and extensive mess-houses for their men. At Knoxville
there has been erected one large office building, two large mess-houses,
and a blacksmith shop of fifty by eighty feet. Also depot buildings
at Charleston, Athens, and Sweet Water. We have had five saw-
mills in operation, which have cut the last three months 1,200,000
feet of lumber, board measure, and 500,000 shingles, a large amount
of which we have on hand.
On the Gth of May I received your order directing the reduction of
the Construction Corps to the lowest practicable limit. I at once
suspended operations on the roundhouse and in the stone quarry,
and ordered a suspension of the saw-mills, after cutting up the stock
on hand. From the Fourth and Seventh Divisions and saw-mill
dex>artment I have discharged 1,000 men since the receipt of your
order, making the available force of the Construction Corps at the
present time 1,200 men. A further reduction of the force was ar-
rested by an order from General Thomas directing the relaying of
the track between Dalton and Resaca and rebuilding of the bridge
across the Oostenaula. Commencing the track at Dalton on the 10th
of May, I sent forward part of the bridge force of the First Division
to R»aaca to rebuild the bridge, five spans of which had been de-
stroyed. This they accomplished and laid one mile of track south of
it by the time we reached there, the 24th of May. From thence to
Kingston we rebuilt three bridges, two tanks, and repaired sidings
at Calhoun and Adairsville> the rest of the track was in compara-
tively good order. Reached Kingston on the 26th, and the following
day turned the road over to the transportation department. Betweea
Kingston and Etowah three more bridges and two tanks were de-
stro3'ed. The track was unimpaired. Reached the Etowah on the
29th, when I received further orders from General Thomas to open
the line to Atlanta, at which all the force of the corps at the pres-
ent time are employed. I omitted to state we had built an engine-
house and a large reservoir adjoining the machine-shop at Chatta-
nooga of a capacity of 80,000 gallons. The shops in the yard, as well
as the locomotives, are now amply supplied with water from the works
built by the U. S. Engineer Department. We have, in connection
with their tubs on Cameron Hill, erected a tank of a capacity of 50,000
gallons, and have laid about 5,000 feet of main pipe and 4,000 of branch
to the commissary building, store and mess houses.
48 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
In conclusion, I take pleasure in testifying to the efficient and
valuable services of John F. Burgin and C. Latimer, division engi-
neers, who have on all occasions manifested an untiring zeal in the
prosecution of work committed to their charge.
Summary of work done on the East Tennessee and Virginia Rail-
road from March 15 to April 29, 1865: Ninety-four miles of track
opened and repaired; 12 miles of track rebuilt; 4,400 linear feet
of bridging; 20,000 cross-ties cut and delivered; 57,000 cubic feet of
timber cut for bridging; 19 switches put in; 18 frogs put in; 5 water-
tanks erected.
Summary of work done on the Chattanooga and Atlanta line from
May 10 to May 31, 1865: Eighteen miles of track relaid; 1,000 linear
feet of bridging; 6 frogs and switches put in; 4 tanks erected.
Ten miles of the above track were laid with burnt iron, which we
straightened; five miles with the U-rail taken from the Nashville and
Chattanooga line, and three miles with new iron.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
L. H. EICHOLTZ,
Acting Chief Engineer^ OovemmerU RaUroadSy
Military Division of the Mississippi.
War Dept., Provost-Marshal-General's Bureau,
Washington^ D, C, June 1, 1865.
Major-General Saxton,
SupL Recruiting for Colored Troops, Beaufort, S. C:
The Secretary of War directs that all enlistment of colored troops
be immediately discontinued throughout the United States.
Acknowledge receipt of this order.
JAMES B. FRY,
Provost-Marshal- OeneraL
(Same to Major-Greneral Palmer, Louisville, Ey. ; Major-General
Gillmore, Hilton Head, S. C; Major-General Wilson, Macon, Ga.;
Col. W. H. Sidell, Louisville, Ey. ; Capt. Leslie Smith, Hilton Head,
S. C.)
War Department,
Washington, D. C, June 2, 1865,
RESTRICTIONS ON TRADE.
Ordered, That any and all military restrictions upon trade in any
of the States or Territories of the United States, except in articles
contraband of war, shall cease from and after the present date.
By order of the President:
EDWIN M. STANTON,
Secretary of War,
General Orders, ) War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 105. \ Washington, June 2, 1865.
reduction of volunteer artillery.
Department commanders will at once reduce their batteries of vol-
unteer light artillery to the number absolutely required under existing
UNION AUTHOKITIES. 49
circnmstanceB by the necessities of the service in their respective
departments.
The companies thus relieved will .be sent to Washington, Louis-
ville, or Cairo, as may be most convenient, for final payment and
muster out.
All artillery horses that may become surplus under the operation
of this order will be sold in the department where they now are, and
the guns of the companies that are to be discharged will be retained
for the present within the department.
The number of public animals retained in service, both for artillery
and transportation purposes, will be reduced, as far as possible,
throughout the country, and all surplus animals will be sold.
By command of Lieutenanb-General Grant:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistajit Adjutant' OenercU.
General Orders, ) War Defi., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 106. J Washington, June 2, 1865,
Department commanders will immediately, on the receipt of this
order, relieve all general and staff officers whose services can be dis-
pensed with within their res(iective commands, and order them to
proceed without delay to their respective places of residence, and
from there report by letter to the Adjutant-General of the Army.
Department commanders will report the names of all officers
relieved by them under this order to the Adjutant-General of the
Army.
By command of Lieutenant-General Grant :
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant AdjiUant- General,
General Orders, ) War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 107. S Washington, June 2, 1866,
removal of restrictions on trade.
Ordered, That all military restrictions upon trade in any of the
States or Territories of the United States, except in articles contra-
band of war — ^to wit, arms, ammunition, gray cloth, and all articles
from which ammunition is manufactured; locomotives, cars, railroad
iron, and machinery for operating railroads; telegraph wii-es, insula-
tors, and instruments for operating telegraphic lines-^hall cease from
and after the present dat^.
By order of the President of the United States :
E. I). TOWNSEND,
Assista n t Adjutant- General.
Harrisburg June 2, 1865.
Hon. E. M. Stanton,
Secretary of War:
I was under the impression when I left Washington that the troops
would be paid up to the date of their discharge. The paymasters here
4 B B— SERIES m, vol V
50 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
pay from the date of muster out. The One hundred and forty-first
Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers arrived here on the 30th ultimo
and has not been paid. They were must-ered out on the 28th and
left Washington on the 2^h. I learn it is proposed to pay them until
and including the 27th. If it can at all be done, I wish much it oonld
be. It would add so much to the satisfaction of the officers and men
going out of service. I only arrived in the night, and have not
learned the reason of the delay in the payment. There are now seven
regiments here, and I fear that it will be some time before they will
be paid off.
A. G. CURTIN.
War Department,
Washington City, June 2, 1866.
His Exc3llency Governor A. G. Curtin,
Harrisburgy Pa,:
The Paymaster-General reports that he has this day instructed his
chiefs of districts that troops mustered out under General Orders,
No. 94, are to be paid to the date they arrive at the designated State
rendezvous, and that all mustered-out troops at all points are being
paid as rapidly as possible.
EDWIN M. STANTON,
Secretary of War,
Circular) War Dept., Adjutant-General's Office,
No. 21. ) Wa^hingtony June 3, 1866,
Before the accounts with commanding officers of organizations are
settled, mustering officers should satisfy themselves that the rolls and
returns, as required by Army Regulations for their organization, have
been forwarded to this office.
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant- General,
War Department,
Washington y D. C, June 5, 1866,
DISCHARGE OF VOLUNTEERS.
The Adjutant-Grieneral will issue an order for the immediate dis-
charge of —
First. All dismounted cavalry in every military department.
Second. All cavalry force in Greneral Dix's department.
Third. All volunteer infantry in General Dix's department (except
Veteran Reserves) whose services can in the judgment of the com-
mander of the department be dispensed with.
Fourth. All volunteer infantry in General Hooker's department
(except Veteran Reserves) whose services are in the opinion of the
commander of the department no longer requir'^J.
EDWIN M. STANTON,
Secretary of War,
Circular) War Dept., Adjutant-General's Office,
No. 23. J Washington, June 6, 1865,
Volunteer soldiers entitled to discharge, and wishing to enlist in
the Regular Army, under the t/Crms of General Oixlers, No. 99, cur-
UNION AUTHORITIES. 51
rent series, will be foi-thwith mustered out at their several coimnands,
receive their discharges, and will not be sent to rendezvous under the
provisions of General Orders, No. 94, current series, but on enlist-
ment in the Regular Army will receive final payments under the
requirements of paragraph 3, General Orders, No. 83, current series.
The attention of commanding officers of regiments, batteries, and
detached commands of the Regular Army 13 called to the immediate
necessity of api)ointing recruiting officers for their several com-
mands, in order to obtain the advantages of General Orders, No. 99,
current series. In designating these officers, commanding officers
will be governed by the requirements of paragraphs 986, 987, and
988, Revised Regulations for the Army, governing regimental recruit-
ing service.
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutatit-Genercd,
General Orders, ) War Dbpt., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 110. f Washingtoriy June 7, 1S65,
The following order of the President of the United States (in rela-
tion to the transfer of abandoned lands, funds, and property set apart
for the use of freedmen) to the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and
Abandoned Lands is published for the information and guidance of
all concerned:
Executive Mansion,
Washington, D. C, June J?, 1865.
Whereas, by an act of Congress approved March third, eighteen hundred and
sizty-five, there was established in tne War Department a Bureau of Refuseee,
Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, and to which, in accordance with the saia act
of Congress, is committed the supervision and management of all abandoned
lands, and the control of all subjects relating to refugees and freedmen from
rebel States, or from any district of country within the territory embraced in the
operations of the Army, under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed
\^ the head of the Bureau and approved by the President; and whereas, it appears
tnat the management of abandoned lands and subjects relating to refugees and
freedmen, as aforesaid, have been, and still are, by orders based on military
ezigenciee, or legislation based on previous statutes, partly in the hands of mih-
tary officers disconnected vrith said Bureau, and partly in charge of officers of tiie
Treasury Department: It is therefore
Ordered, That aU officers of the Treasury Department, all military officers, and
all others in the service of the United States, torn over to the authorized officers
of said Bureau all abandoned lands and property contemplated in said act of Con-
gress, approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, establishing the
Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, that may now be under
or within their control. They will also turn over to such officers all funds col-
lected by tax or otherwise, for the benefit of refugees or freedmen, or accruing
from abandoned lands, or property set apart for their use, and will transfer to
them all official records connected with the administration of affairs which per-
tain to said Bureau.
By order of the Secretary of War :
ANDREW JOHNSON.
E. I). TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant- General,
Chicago, June cV, 1865.
Hon. E. M. Stanton,
Secretary of War:
Pursuant to your orders I have given directions for tlie immediate
discbarge of all volunteer troops in the Northern Department except
52 COBBESPONDENCS, ETC.
the Eighty-eighth and One hundred and twenty-eighth Ohio Volun-
teers and the Veteran Reserve Corps. The Eighty-eighth is stationed
at Camp Chase and the One hundred and twenty-eighth at Johnson's
Island. The interest of the service requires that these regiments
shall be retained a few weeks longer.
JOSEPH HOOKER,
Major- Oeneraly Commanding.
Genebal. Obders, I Wab Dept., Adjt. Genebal's Office,
No. 111. ) Washington, Jwae 10, 1866.
The annexed opinions of the Attorney-General relative to the
amounts of bounty payable to certain soldiers and the proi)er con-
struction of section 4 of the Army appropriation act of Mai*eh 3,
1865 (General Orders, No. 45, Adjutant-General's Office, March 21,
1865), concerning the allowance of "three months' pay proper" to
certain volunteer officers continuing in the service "to the close of
the war," are published for the information and guidance of all con-
cerned:
Attorney-General's Office,
May (?, 186S.
Hon. Edwin M. Stanton,
Secretary of War:
Sm: I have considered the several questions presented by the Paymaster-
General and the Adjutant-General of the Armv in their respective conunnnica-
tions of Hay 8 and May 4, instant, relative to the amounts oi bounty payable to
the soldiers of certain military organizations now being mustered out of service,
and also the point suggested in those communications relative to the proper
construction of the fourth section of the Army appropriation act of March
8, 1865 (18 Stat., 497) , concerning the allowance of extra pay (as it may be called)
to certain volunteer officers continuing in the service *' to the close of the war."
The first question is, whether veterans who re-enlisted and persons who enlisted
in the regular or volunteer forces of the United States for tnree years or during
tiie war, under the regrolations and orders referred to in the commTmication <»
the Paymaster-G^eneral, issued by the Secretary of War, and by the Provost-
Marshal-General with the approviu of the Secretary, and who may be honorably
mustered out the service by reason of the Government no longer requiring tiieir
services, before the expiration of their term of enlistment, are respectively
entitled, on being so mustered out, to the unpaid balances of the bounties prom-
ised to them bjr the orders under which they were enlisted.
I am of opinion that they are so entitled, by the operation of the joint resolu-
tions of Congress, approved respectively January 18, 1864, and March 8, 1864,
which give the force and effect of law to the regrolations and orders of the War
Department iust referred to, providing for the payment of bounties to the classes
of soldiers above named. These regulations and orders, in terms, promise and
declare that *' if the Gkivemment shall not require these troops for the full period
of three years, and they shall be mustered honorably out of the service before
the expiration of their term of enlistment, they shall receive, upon being mustered
out, the whole amount of bounty remaining unpaid, the same as if the fuU term
had been served. '*
The second question relates to soldiers who entered the service pursuant to and
under the provisions of the act of July 4, 1864, promulgated by your Department
in General Orders, No. 204; and it is whether thev are resi>ectively entitled to
receive, on being thus mustered out of the service before the expiration of their
respective terms of enlistment, the whole amounts of bounty to which they
would have been entitled if they had continued in the service throughout their
respective periods of enlistment, or onlv those proportions or installments of the
several bounties which may have actually accruea to them at the dates of their
respective discharges.
I am of opinion that a volunteer accepted and mustered into the service under
the statute of July 4, 1864, whether for a term of one year, or of two years, or of
three years, if he is mustered out of the service, for the reason mentioned, before
the e3n;)iration of the term of service for which he enlisted, is entitled to receive
only the proportion of the bounty alloweil him by the statute, whether one-third
UKION AUTH0BITIE8. 68
or two-thirds thereof, which had aotaally aocraed before the date of his discharge.
If, for iiiBtance, he Tolnnteered for two years, and is mustered oat before the
ezpiration of the first year of his service, he cannot claim either the second or
the third installment of the bounty of ^iOO which would have been payable to
him had he continued in the service till the expiration of the two years for which
he enlisted. The volunteer only who, at the time of his discharse, has completed
one half of the term of service for which he enlisted, is entitled to the second
installment of one-third of the amount of bounty given to him by the act; and
be is entitled to no more of that bounty. If he is discharged on the next day
after the ezpiration of one-half of his term of enlistment, the second installment
of the bounty is due and payable to him. The Oovemment cannot reclaim it if
it has been paid, nor withhold it if it remain unoaid. But the discharge pre-
cludes him from receiving the third installment; tnat only is due to a volunteer
who may have served through the whole term for which he enlisted. I confess
that there is some obscurity in the act, and that there is a little difficulty in deter-
mining its meaning. But, on the whole, I am of opinion that the raymaster-
Gleneral lias arrived at the true construction of the statute.
The third question is, whether commissioned officers of volunteers below the
rank of brigadier-general, whom the Government may now muster out of service
because their services are no longer required, are entitled respectively to receive,
on their leaving the service, '* three months* pay proper," unaer the provisions of
the fourth section of the act of March, 1865.
The right of these officers to receive that allowance dejiends upon the deter-
mination of the point whether they have continued in the service *' to the close
of the war'* within the meaning of the statute of 1865. I am of opinion if such
an officer continue in the Army till he is honorably mustered out, because his
military services are no longer needed, and till the Gk>vemment thus declares that
it no longer re<}uires him to perform any duty on its behalf under his commission,
that he is withm the provision of the statute, and in its contemplation he has
continued in the military service '*to the close of the war." Tne war, so far
as he is concerned in his capacity as an officer, has closed. He has performed
his duty — his entire duty— to the Government and the cause for which he drew
his sword. When his country, by its appropriate organ, commands him to return
his sword to the scabbard, and retires him honorablv from its service, I know not
how we can, with respect to that officer, say that the war has not closed. I am
of opinion that an officer of the class named in the statute now, and thus mus-
terea out of service, is entitled to receive ** three months' pay proper."
I am, sir, most respectfully, your obedient servant,
JAMES SPEED,
Attomey-Oeneral,
By onler of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant- Qeneral,
War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
June 10, 1866.
Commanding Generals of Departments and Armies:
Under General Orders, No. 101, May 30, current year, from this
office, soldiers honorably mastered ont, who desire to do so, are
authorized to retain their arms and accouterments on paying therefor
their value. To this end soldiers who desire to take advantage of
the said order must signify their intention before leaving the field,
so that the prices may 1& entered on their must.er-out rolls.
The pric<\s fixed by the Ordnance Department are as follows:
Muskets, all kinds, with or without accouterments, $6 ; Spencer car-
bines, $10; all other carbines, $8; sabers and swords, with or without
belts, $3.*
Please promulgate this order for the guidance of commissaries of
masters and all others concerned.
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
•Also announced in Circular No. 24, Adjutant-General's Office, June 10, 1865.
54 COBBESPONDKNCE, ETC.
War Department, Ai>jutant-General'8 Office,
June 13, 1865.
Governor of Maine:
Under instructioDS of the Secretary of War, chief mastering officers
have been ordered to turn over to Yonr Excellency the colors in their
charge, under paragraph V of General Orders, No. 94, current series,
at such time as you may designate.
Please to communicate your wishes to the said officers.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant Acy^Uant'C^ener€d.
(Same to Governors of New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts,
Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, Illi-
nois, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Kansas.)
General Orders, ) War Deft., Ai>jt. General's Office,
No. 113. ) Washington, June 16, 1866.
ORDER IN RELATION TO SALE OF UNSERVICEABLE QUARTERMASTER'S
PROPERTY.
I. Chief quartermasters of military departments, the chief of the
inspection division, and the regularly assigned inspectors of thr
Quartermaster's Department will immediately cause to be made and
forwarded to the Quartermaster-General invoices of such articles ol
clothing, camp and garrison equipage, and quartermaster's stores as,
on personal inspection, they may find unserviceable or worthless to
the Government; and also of such articles as it would be more eco-
nomical to the Government to sell than to ship to other points. The
latter invoices will be separate from the former. The sale of the
property embraced in these invoices having been approved by the
Quartermaster-General, they will be submitted to the Secretary of
War for his orders. All proceedings subsequent to any order of sale
that may be given will be conducted according to the Regulations, by
due advertisement, ^c.
II. No sale of public buildings, barracks, quarters, stables, Ac,
will be made except on an oiSer of the Quartermaster-General,
approved by the Secretary of War, indorsed upon a report to be made
in each case in the usual form.
By order. of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant AdjuiantrOeneral.
General Orders, ) War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 114. ) Washington, June 16, 1866.
Soldiers honorably discharged will be permitted to retain, without
charge, their knapsacks, haversacks, and canteens.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant AdjutanUOenerdL
UNION AUTHORITIES. 55
GsNERAL Obbers, ) Wab Dept., Adjt. Gbnbral's Office,
No. 115. ) WashingioTij June IS, 1866.
The payment of all U. S. bounties to men enlisting in the military
service will cease from and after July 1, 1865.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
OiBcnLAR) War Dept., Adjutant-General's Office,
No. 25. J Washington, June 16, 1866,
Officers or enlisted men who may hereafter be commissioned (under
first appointments) by the Governors of States to regiments or com-
panies of volunteers serving in Texas will be furnished with free
transportation on Government transports to the respective stations of
their regiments or companies. Existing regulations are amended
accordingly.
The presentation of a Governor's commission will be sufficient to
secure a transx>ortation order from the proper officer of the Quarter-
master's Department.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant AdjutanUOeneral,
Hdqbs. State of Arkansas, Adjt. Gen.'s Office,
JjUtOe Rock, June 16, 1866.
Hon. Edvv^in M. Stanton,
Secretary of War, Washington, D. C:
Sir: I am requested by His Excellency the Governor of the State to
ask that the citizens of Arkansas now serving in the regiments of
other States be mustered out of the service. There is a large class of
this class of soldiers on duty in the Department of Arkansas and
elsewhere in regiments from Missouri and Kansas, and somewhat
from Iowa and Illinois. Many of their families are in the State in the
most destitute condition, while others are refugees and equally requir-
ing their assistance. It is also a matter of very great importance in
the maintenance of law and order, and the restoration of peace and
quiet throughout the State, that they should be permitted to return
to their homes at the earliest possible moment to secure that pre-
ponderance of tried loyal sentiment so necessary in the present
emergency.
I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, your obedient sei-vant,
A. W. BISHOP,
Adjyiafit- Qeneral.
General Orders, ) War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 116. J Washington, June 17, 1866,
Enlisted men of the Veteran Reserve Corps who, if they had
remained in the volunteer regiments from which they were trans-
ferred to the Veteran Reserves, would, under existing orders, now be
entitled to master out of service, will be so discharged, provided
that no man shall be mustered out who desires to serve his full term.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
A.ssistant AdjviaiiirOeneral,
56 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Circular ) War Dept., Adjutant-General's Office,
Xo. 20. f Wnshingfon, June 17, 1865.
ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS RELATIVE TO THE MUSTER OUT AND
DISCHARGE OF CERTAIN VOLUNTBBB TROOPS.
White troops (except Veteran Reserve Corps) whose terms expire prior
to October 1, 1S(;5; ailillery in the Annies of the Potomac (includ-
ing Ninth Corps), Tennessee, and Georgia; dismounted cavalry
in all armies and departments; all cavalry in the Department of
the East, and certain infantry in the Northern Department and
Department of the East.
Telcoram.] War Departmrnt, Adjutant-General's Oppice,
WaahingUm, May 17, 186S.
Maj. Gen. Georob G. Heads,
Commanding Army of the Potomac:
The Secretary of War directs that all volunteer organizations of white troops
in your command whose terms of service expire between this date and September
80 next, inclusive, be immediately mnsterea ont of service.
The masters out will be made with existing regimental and company organisa-
tions, and under the reg^ilations promulgated in General Orders, No. 04, of the
15th instant, from this office.
All men in the aforesaid organizations whose terms of service expire subsequent
to October 1, 1865, will be transferred to other organizations from the same State;
to veteran regiments when practicable, and when not practicable to regiments
having the longest time to serve.
It is proper to add that this order will discharge as follows:
First. Tne three-years' regiments that were mustered into service under the call
of July 2, 1862, and prior to October 1 of that year.
Second. Three-years* recruits mustered into service for old regiments between
the same dates.
Third. One-year's men for new and old organizations, who entered the service
between May 17 and October 1, 1864.
Please acknowledge receipt of this.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Asittistan t Adju tant-General.
Note. — Orders and instructions, as in the foregoing, were applied to the Army
of the Tennessee and Army of Georgia, under the commana of Major-Genenu
Sherman, June 18, 1865.
Telegram.] War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
Washington, May IS, 186$.
Maj. Gen. George G. Meade,
Commanding Army of the Potomac:
In connection with the telegram order of yesterday, relative to the discharge of
troops whose terms expire prior to October 1, and referring to paragraph IV, Gen-
eral Orders, No. 04, current series, I am directed to say that it is of importance
that the muster-out rolls should be ready in the shortest time possible.
Extra clerks should be detailed to assist the commissaries of musters and their
assistants.
In the absence of rooms for use as offices, hospital and wall tents should be
provided for the use of mustering officers in making out the necessary papers.
All other proper facilities at command should also be afforded.
The attention of corps, division, and brigade commanders should be particularly
directed to what is required of them under paragraph IV, Gteneral Orders, No. 94.
Assistant inspectors-general should be directed to frequently visit regiments
and companies, to see in person if the data for the rolls and other papers are
promptly and accurately furnished by regnmental and company officei*s, confer-
ring with the commissaries of musters and their assistants with the view of cor-
recting at once any delinquencies they may find to exist.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant Adjutant-Oeneral.
Note.— The foregoing instructions were applied to the Army of the Tennessee
and Army of Georgia, May 18, 1865, and to other amiies and departments, except
Department of the East, Northern Department, Departments of the Pacific and
New Mexico, June 2, 1865.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 57
War Department. Adjutant-General's Office,
Washington, May 2U, ISCn.
tklxoram to commanding generals of all armies and departments, except
armies of the POTOMAC, TENNESSEE, AND GEORGIA. AND DEPARTMENTS OF
THE EAST, PACIFIC, NEW MEXICO, AND NORTHERN DEPARTMENT.
The Secretary of War directs that all Toltmteer organizations of white troops
in yoor command whose terms of service expire between this date and September
30 next, inclosiTe, be immediately mustered ont of service.
The mnsters out will be made with existing regimental and company organiza-
tions, and under the regulations promulgated in General Orders, No. 94, of the
15th instant, from this office.
All men in the aforesaid organizations whose terms of service expire subsequent
to October 1 will be transferred to other organizations from the same State; to
veteran regiments when practicable, and when not practicable to regiments hav-
InK the longest time to serve.
It is proper to add that this order will discharge as follows:
First. Tne three-years* regiments that were mustered into service under the call
of July 2, 18(12, and prior to October 1 of that year.
Second. Three-years* recruits mustered into service for old regiments between
the same dates.
Third. One-year's men for new and old organizations who entered the service
prior to October 1 , 1864.
Should your command be reduced prejudicially to the service by this order, you
are authorized to susi)end it in whole or m port, promptly notifying the Adjutant-
General of the Army, with a view to receiving further instructions.
Please acknowledge receipt of this.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant Adjutant-Cfeneral,
Telegram.] War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
Washington, May SO, 18G6,
Haj. Qen. George G. Meade,
Commanding Army of tlie Potomac,
Maj. Gen. John G. Parke,
Commanding Ninth Army Corps:
CIRCUUkR TO commanding GENERALfi ARMIES OF GEORGIA AND TENNESSEE,
through HEADQUARTERS MIUTARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI.
The Secretary of War directs that all the volunteer artillery of your commaad
(army) be immediately mustered out and discharged.
For this arm of the service General Orders, Iso. 94, current series, from this
office, is so modified as to allow said troops to be sent to their respective States,
there to be mustered out under the direction of the chief mustering officer of the
State.
Prior to their departure all public property will be turned over to the proper
officers of the supply departments concerned for the command with which they
may be serving.
llie troops ^ould be placed en route with the least practicable delay, and for-
warded to the respective rendezvous in their States at or nearest which they were
mustered in.
Please acknowledge receipt of this.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant Adjutant-General.
War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
Washington, June 5, 18G6.
telegram to commanding generals of all ARMIES AND DEPARTMENTS. EXCEPT-
ING DEPARTMENTS OF THE EAST AND THE NORTHERN.
The Secretary of War directs that all dismounted volunteer cavalry of your
command be immediately discharged the service.
The musters out will be made by commissaries of musters and their assistants,
and the troops afterward forwarded to their re8i)ective States for payment.
The general principles of General Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office,
will be applied in executing this order.
58 COBBESPONDENCB, ETC.
Please acknowledge reoeipt of this by telegram and report the nmnber of men
to be discharged.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Aaaistant Acfjutant-Oeneral.
MEMORANDA.
1. See General Orders, No. 105, of June 2, for the discharge of cer-
tain batteries of artillery.
2. Telegram from this office of June 5, 1865, to Major-General Dix,
commanding Department of the East, directed all volunteer cavalry
in that department to be discharged; organizations to be sent to their
respective States for muster out under the direction of the chief
mustering officers thereof.
3. Telegrram from this office of June 5, 1866, to Major-General Dix,
commanding Department of the East, and Major-General Hooker,
commanding Northern Department, directed all volunteer infantry
(except Veteran Reserve Corps) in said departments whose services
were no longer required to be discharged; organizations to be sent to
their respective States for muster out under the direction of the chief
mustering officers thereof.
4. Telegram from this office of June 16, 1865, to Major-General
McDowell, commanding Department of the Pacific, directed all vol-
unteer troops in that department whose terms expire prior to October
1, 1865, to be immediately discharged. Should the order reduce the
command prejudicially to the service, authority was given to suspend
it, in whole or in part, until the receipt of further orders through the
Adjutant-General of the Army.
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant-GeneroL
Confidential Circular.] Washington, June 22, 1865,
All department commandei-s commanding in States where martial
law prevails will immediately put detectives upon the watch for
gambling-houses, especially faro banks, and at the appropriate time
make a descent upon them all simultaneously, arresting all disburs-
ing officers of the Government who may be found gambling in them,
or visitants therein at the time, and who it can be proven had pi'e-
viously gambled at such places. The gambling institutions will be
completely broken up and their money and stock confiscated, and
the owners or proprietors of such gambling institutions be made to
disgorge and refund all money they have won from U. S. disbursing
officers. The officer so taken will be imprisoned and tried immedi-
ately. The same proceedings will be taken by department command-
ers in the North within their respective commands in the cities where
disbursing officers may be located, except that instead of confiscating
the money and stock of the gambling establishments, or compelling
by military action the owners and proprietors of the same to disgorge
or refund any moneys they may have won from disbursing officers of
the Government, they will be immediately reported to the civil author-
ities'for their action. This will be kept strictly confidential, except
so far as it may be necessary to communicate it to those who are to
carry it into execution.
U. S. GRANT,
Lieutcnant'OeneraL,
(Sent to all military division and department commandei*s in cipher.)
UNION A1TTH0RITIS8. 59
MSMORAKBUM.] WaR DBPT., PaYMASTER-GENERAL'S OFFICE,
Washington, D. C, June '22, 1866,
All veteran volunteers in batteries of volunteer artillery mustered
out as organizations from Armies of Potomac, Tennessee, and Georgia,
under recent orders, are mustered out "on account of their services
being no longer required," and are entitled to balance of veteran
bounty.
Heavy artillery follows the general rule, not that for field artillery.
Special. Orders, ) Hdqrs. op the Army, Adjt. Gbn.'s Office,
No. 328. f Washmgion, Jwne 23, 1866,
* m m m * m *
5. Bvt. Maj. Gen. J. D. Webster, U. S. Volunteers, is hereby tem-
porarily detached from the staff of Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman, and
will proceed without delay on a tour of inspection of the railroads of
the Southern States, reporting upon their present condition and their
ability to transport the U. S. mails.
In his report he will consider all the subjects mentioned in the let-
ter of instructions which will be given him, and such other matters
pertaining to the Southern railroa<ls as in his investigations may sug-
gest themselves.
General Webster is authorized to employ and take with him an
experienced railroad man.
Upon the execution of this order General Webster will report to
Major-General Sherman for duty.
By command of Lieutenant-General Grant:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
Washington, June 2S, 1866,
Maj. Gen. G. M. Dodge,
Saint Louis, Mo.:
The Secretary of War directs that all troops belonging to the Mis-
souri State Militia, authorized by General Orders, No. 96, of 1861, and
yet remaining in service, be immediately discharged.
The musters out will be made under the regulations promulgated
in General Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
June 26, 1866.
Chief Mustering Officers United States:
On the 22d instant the following additional reductions of the
effective volunteer infantry forces present were ordered, viz: Army
of the Potomac, 18,000 men; Army of the Tennessee, 15,000 men;
Middle Military Division, 7,0CK). The reductions will be made by the
muster out of entire organizations of veteran regiments having the
shortest time to serve, includin'x hU i-ecruits and additions to said
60 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
regiments from other sources ; also all absentees. Thg total reduction
will be about 70,000. General Orders, No. 94, current series, from
this office, will govern the musters out and payments.
Please furnish the Governor with a copy of this.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant Adjutant- Oenercd.
Circular) War Dept., Adjutant-General's Office,
No. 27. J Washington, June 26, 1865,
The necessity for the services of the invalid companies of the Reg-
ular Army, authorized by paragraph 5 of General Orders, No. 245, of
1863, having ceased, the organizations will be discontinued. Com-
manding officers of depots will at once cause a careful medical exam-
ination to be made of the enlisted men composing them. All men
who are not now, or who are not likely to become in a reasonable
time, capable of performing field duty will at once be discharged on
the usual medical certificates. The remainder will be forwarded to
their companies as rapidly as their condition will permit.
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant- General,
War Departbcent, Adjutant-General's Office,
WashingUm, June 26, 1S65,
telegram to department commanders.
Please cause an immediate investigation as to the expiration of
service of all men on detached duty, in confinement, Ac, within your
department, that all entitled to discharge may be forwarded to the
chief mustering officer of their respective States for muster out, or
to be otherwise disposed of, as required by existing orders. Appli-
cations from the friends of this class of persons for their discharge
are being constantly received at this Department.
SAMITEL BRECK,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
Washington, June 28, 1866,
Hon. E. M. Stanton,
Secretary of War:
I understand there is a great delay in carrying out orders for the mus-
ter out of troops in hospitals throughout the North arising principally
from neglect of officers forwarding with sick men their descriptive
rolls. In many instances the organizations to which sick men belong
have been mustered out, leaving no way to get at their descriptive
rolls further than their record is kept in the AdjutAut-General's
Office.
I would recommend that a circular be sent to all hospitals directing
promptness in carrying out existins? orders so far as they apply to
men supplied with the requisite papers to enable them to do so, and
report to the Adjutant-(Teneral the name, regiment, <fec., of all men
who should be mustered out but are not supplied with descriptive
rolls.
r. S. GRANT,
Lif iitrmiHt'Crpneral,
UNION AUTHOBITIES. 61
Circular ) War Dept., Adjutant-General's Office,
No. 28. f Washingto7ij June 28, 1865,
ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS RELATIVE TO THE MUSTER OUT OF VOL-
UNTEER TROOPS.
Certain veteran regiments in the Armies of the Potomac, Tennessee,
and Middle Military Division, and certain infantry, cavalry, and
artillery in- various armies and departments.
I. Veteran regiments.
Telegram.] War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
Washington, June 22, 1866.
OOMMAKDINO GENERAL ARMY OF THE POTOMAC :
The Secretary of War directs that the effective infantry force present of the
Army of the Potomac be reduced by the discharge of 18,000 men.
The masters out will be by entire organizations of veteran regiments, to be
selected from those having the shortest time to serve, including all recruits and
additions thereto from other sources; also, absentees belonging to them. The
absentees to be an additional reduction of the effective force.
The musters out and discharges will be made under the regulations promul-
gated in General Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office.
Please forward to this office without delay a list of the regiments you may
select under this order, giving therein for each the strength, present and absent,
remectively.
Acknowledge the receipt of this.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant Adjutant-Oeneral.
Note. — Similar orders sent June 23 to the commanding general Army of the
Tennessee for the discharge of 15,000 men from that army, and to the command-
ing general Mid^e Military Division for the discharge of 7,000 from that division.
II. Regiments of cavalry, artillery, and infantry (whose services are
no longer required) ordered mustered out of service under special
instructions, of dates set opposite the organizations respectively.
ConnectieiU,— First Battery, May 29, 1865.
Illinois, — ^Eighty-second Infantry, June 12, 1865.
Indiana. — One hundred and first Infantrj^ June 12, 1865; Ninety-
first Infantry, June 15, 1865.
Maine. — Three unassigned companies infantry, June 16, 1865; three
companies Coast Guard, June 16, 1865.
Maryland. — First Potomac Home Brigade Infantry, May 29, 1865;
Second Potomac Home Brigade Infantry, May 29, 1865; Third Poto-
mac Home Brigade Infantry, May 29, 1865; First Potomac Home
Brigade Cavalry, June 23, 1865.
Massachuseibs. — First Cavalry, June 17, 1865.
Michigan. — Twenty-sixth Infantry, June 2, 1865.
Missouri. — Forty-eighth Infantry, June 13, 1865; Missouri State
Militia (about 2,200, authorized under General Orders, No. 96,
Adjutant-General's Office, 1861), June 23, 1865.
Neiv Jersey. — Thirty-ninth Infantry, June 5, 1865.
New York. — One hundred and fiftieth Infantry, May 29, 1865;
Batteries A, K, and F, First Artillery, June 5, 1865; First Engineers,
June 5, 1865; Fifteenth Engineers, June 5, 1865; Fiftieth Engineers,
June 5, 1866; Second Cavalry (Harris Light), June 17, 1865; Eighth
Cavalry, June 17, 1865; Nineteenth Cavalry (First Dragoons), June
17, 1865; Fiist Cavalry (Lincoln), June 18, 1865; Twenty-fifth Cav-
alry, June 20, 1865; One hundred and fifty-first Infantry (battalion),
June 22, 18G5.
62 CORBE8PONDENCE, ETC.
Ohio. — One hundred and tenth Infantry, June 16, 1865; One hun-
dred and eighteenth Infantry, June 16, 1865; One hundred and
twenty-second Infantry, June 16, 1865; One hundred and twenty-
sixth Infantry, June 16, 1866; First Heavy Artillery, June 25, 1865.
Pennsylvania. — One hundred and fiftieth Infantry, June 10, 1866;
Two hundred and first Infantry, June 15, 1865; Independent Battery
G, June 7, 1865.
Tennessee,— Eighth Infantry, June 22, 1865.
West Virginia. — ^First Cavalry, June 17, 1865; Second Cavalry,
June 17, 1865; Third Cavalry, June 17, 1865; Sixth Infantry, May
13, 1865; Comi)any A, First Vii^nia (exempts) Infantry, May 8, 1866;
Fourteenth Infantry, June 23, 1865; Seventeenth Infantry, June 23,
1865.
U. 8. Volimteers. — ^First Infantry, June 2, 1866; Second Infantry,
June 2, 1865; Third Infantry, June 2, 1865; Fourth Infantry, June 2,
1865; Fifth Infantry, June 2, 1865; Sixth Infantry, June 2, 1865.
Memoranda.— Jttn6 ^3y 1866.— The order of June 5 relative to
dismounted volunteer cavalry (see Circular No. 26, current series)
was revoked for the Middle Military Division and Major-General
Sheridan's command, and instead it was ordered: That a limited
number of cavalry regiments having the shortest time to serve be
dismounted and mustered out by entire organizations (under General
Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office), and the horses thus
obtained taken to mount the dismounted cavalrymen of regiments
having the longest terms to serve. The number of regiments to be
dismounted to be determined by the number of dismounted men of
the long-termed organizations.
A like revocation was also ordered for other armies and depart-
ments, provided the said order of June 5 had not been executed.
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant AdjutanUOeneral.
General Orders, ) War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 119. ) Washington, June 29, 1866.
PENALTIES FOR NEGLECT OF DUTY AND DISOBEDIENCE OF ORDERS
ON THE PART OF COMMISSIONED OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF TROOPS
ABOUT TO BE DISCHARGED THE SERVICE.
In many instances delays have resulted in paying mustered-out
troops in consequence of regimental and company officers allowing
their men to disband, in violation of orders, prior to their commands
being reported for payment and final discharge to the chief muster-
ing officer or his assistant, after arrival at the designated State ren>
dezvous. In other cases there has been delay from company and
regimental officers neglecting to furnish full data relative to the
enlisted men, thus rendering the muster-out rolls imperfect and neces-
sitating corrections.
With the arrangements of the War Department, as now completed,
there need be no delay, and consequently no hardship or inconven-
ience to the enlisted men, if full data for the rolls be furnished in the
field, and if, after arrival in their respective States, as well as during
transit thereto, commissioned officers look closely after the comfoit
and interests of their men and remain constantly with them, so as to
enforce orders and control them.
UNION AUTHOIimBS. 63
It is therefore ordered that chief mustering officers and their assist-
ants report by telegram the names of all neglectful officers, with the
charges against them, to the Adjutant-General of the Army (with-
holding in the meantime their final payments and honorable dis-
cbarges), with a view to their summary and dishonorable dismissal
from the service with forfeiture of all pay. The report by telegraph
will be sent promptly upon cases of neglect being brought to notice,
and at the same time the facts in full will be reported by mail.
Governors -of States are requested to report delinquencies coming
to tbeir notice to the chief mustering officer of the State and to the
Adjutant-General of the Army, so that a prompt remedy may be
applied.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Aasisiant Adjutanl-QeneraL
Office Engineer and Supt. Military Railroam,
Departments of the Tennessee and Arkansas,
MemphiSy Tenn,, June 30, 1866,
Bvt. Brig. Gen. D. C. McCallum,
Director and Oeneral Manager
MUUary Railroads United States ^ WashingUm^ D. C;
General.: I herewith submit a report of the operations of the mili-
tary railroads under my chai^ for Uie year ending June 30, 1865:
At the close of the last fiscal year the Memphis and Charleston Rail-
road was in operation from Memphis to Grand Junction, fifty-two
miles. On the 2d of August following we ran through to Holly
Springs, on the Mississippi Central road, twenty-five mUes south of
Grand Junction. On Augast 6 we ran to Waterford and Tallahatchie
River, 100 miles from Memphis. We moved Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith and
command to that point. We continued to run to that point until the
18th day of August, when we abandoned the Mississippi Central road.
On the 22d day of August an order was received to open it again.
We did so in two days, but there being no guards upon the road the
bridges were destroyed, and we did not run the road after the 2dd of
August. On the 29th day of August I received an order to evacuate
the Memphis and Charleston road, and on the 6th day of September we
ran to White's Station, ten miles from Memphis, to the heieidquarters
of the cavalry division. The road was kept open that distance until
the middle of October, when we abandoned the road altogether and
did not open it again until the 20th of December. We repaired the
road to Collierville, twenty-four miles, and kept it open until the 1st
day of January, 1865, when we again evacuated. Between the open-
ing and closing of the road at different times the bridge force was
getting out timber, ties, Ac, and framing bridges preparatory to
another move.
I received another order on the 28th day of February to open the
road again. We repaired it a distance of fifteen mile^, took out forage
and supplies for an exx>edition, and evacuated on the 4th of Maixsh.
Remained to close up until the 20th of March, when an order was
received to again open the road. Found the road badly damaged.
We had it opened to Collierville,*twenty-f our miles, on the 24th of
March; to La Fayette, thirty-one miles, on the 24 of April. We
64 OOBRESPONDEHCE, ST€.
f onnd heavy work to be done between La Fayette and Moscow.
Heavy rains at this time, and water so high that no work conld be
done for several days. Road open to Moscow, thirty-nine mil^ on
the 13th day of May; to La Grange, forty-nine miles, on the 14th day
of May; to Grand Junction, fifty-two, on the 20th day of May. Rega-
lar trains ran to Grand Junction only until the 1st day of July, when
road was opened to Pocahontas, seventy-five miles distance from
Memphis, to which point we are now running r^ularly. The opening
and closing of the line was so frequent that we conld do hardly any-
thing else. Each time the road was badly damaged, eveiything in
the way of bridges, trestles, cattle guards, ^., being destroyed,
together with several miles of track burned or thrown from the road
bed. The uncertainty of what use we might have for the road, or
when we would be called upon to repair it, caused me to keep con-
siderable of a force ready at all times that could not all the time be
advantageously employed. The machine-shops have been running
throughout the year. Since the Ist of July, 1864, we have rebuilt five
locomotives, three of which had hardly any machinery on them,
nothing but the frames and boilers and part of the cylinders; no
tnicks or driving wheels, and nothing but the iron for the tanks. I
sent to the Rogers Works, Norris & Sons, and to Lancaster, Pa., for
the duplicate machinery. They are now first-class locomotives. We
also gave a general overhauling and repairing to four others, which
are now in fine order and running. We have thirteen altogether in
running order, eleven of which are No. 1, one of the remaining two
needing heavy repairs, the other light repairs. Three more in the
shops l3eing rebuilt, one of which will be out about the Ist of August;
the other two, perhaps, one month later. We have built ten new box-
cars and four hand-cars. A large majority of the cars on this road
were in bad order and have all been repaired.
The Mobile and Ohio Railroad from Columbus, Ky., has not been
in operation during the year until May 15, 1865, when the road was
opened to Union City, twenty-six miles. A small force was retained
during the year and one large trestle near Columbus repaired. Cars
and engines were repaired. Some bridge timber and a few cross-ties
were provided. I can get no data of the Memphis and Little Rock
Railroad prior to the date that I took charge. May 1, 1865. Work has
been done on this road at a great disadvantage owing to the want of
proper facilities for keeping road and stock in repair. No machine-
shops, engine-houses, or other buildings until recently. I have
finished one engine-house with ten stalls and machine-shop attached,
a carpenter's shop for repairs of ears, &c., and several other small
buildings used for storing, offices, Ac. They were partly finished
when I took charge, and most of the material was on hand for finish-
ing. Heavy work was necessary on road bed and track to make it
safe. It is now in good order. Sickness prevails there to a lai^e
extent, rendering it imperative to keep a much larger number of
employes than would otherwise be necessary in order to have well
ones enough to operate the road. At times fully one-half of our force
are unable for duty.
Very respectfully, yours, A?c.,
A. F. GOODHUE,
Engineer and Superinfenclent Military Railroads^
Departments Tennessee and Arkansas.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 65
Washington, Jtdy i, 1865.
Hon. E. M. Stanton,
Secretary of War:
From present indications I think it perfectly safe to master ont of
service the remaining veteran regiments of the Army of the Potomac
and of the Army of the Tennessee. I would therefore respectfully
recommend that orders be issued for such muster out.
U. S. GRANT,
LieiUenantr Oeneral.
Gbnbral Orders, ) War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 121. f Washington, July i, 1865,
The assignment of medical officers as medical directors, assistant
medical directors, and acting medical inspectors of armies, army
corps, and divisions is discontinued.
Medical directors will be assigned to the headquarters of military
geographical departments only, and by the order of the Secretary of
War.
Owing to the reduction of the Army, the act of Congress approved
February 25, 1865, becomes inoperative, and no increase of rank, pay,
or emoluments pertains to such assignment.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant- Oeneral.
Circular ( War Dept., Adjutant-General's Office,
No. 30. ) Washington^ July i, 1865,
orders and instructions relative to the muster out of vol-
unteer white troops.
Surplus troops — infantry, cavalry, and artillery — in all departments
and armies, exclusive of the Department of the Gnlf, Army of the
Tennessee, Provisional Corps Army of the Potomac, First Army
Corps, and command in Texas.
I. Surplus troops.
Tblborah and } War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
Circular. ( Wa^Ungton, June 30, 1SG5.
The Secretanr of War directs that the strength of yonr command be imme-
diately reduced, for all arms, to the minimum necessary to meet the requirements
of the service, and all sarplus troops mastered oat.
The masters oat will be by entire organizations, incladinpr all additions thereto
by recrnits and from other sources. In selecting the organizations for discharge,
preference will be given to veteran regiments having the shortest time to serve.
The masters oat and discharges, except for artillery, will be made under the
regolationspromalgated in General Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office.
Troops of the artillery arm will be forwarded to the designated State rendezvoas
in the respective States (see Circular No. 19, current series, from this office),
there to be mastered oat under the direction of the chief mastering officer for the
SUte.
Please forward to this office without delay a list of the regiments, batteries,
and independent companies yoa may select for discharge under this order, giving
therein, for each, the strength, present and absent, respectively.
6 R R--SERIES ni, VOL Y
54 COBBESPONDENCB, ETC.
War Depaetment, Adjutant-General's Office,
June IS, 1865,
Governor of Maine:
Under instmctions of the Secretary of War, chief mustering officers
have been ordered to turn over to Your Excellency the colors in their
charge, under paragraph V of Greneral Orders, No. 94, current series,
at such time as you may designate.
Please to communicate your wishes to the said officers.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Aasistard Ac^jiUant-Qeneral.
(Same to Governors of New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts,
Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, Illi-
nois, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Kansas.)
General Orders, ) War Deft., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 113. ) Washington, June 16, 1866.
ORDER IN RELATION TO SALE OF UNSERVICEABLE QUARTERMASTER'S
PROPERTY.
I. Chief quartermasters of military departments, the chief of the
inspection division, and the regularly assigned inspectors of tho
Quartermaster's Department will immediately cause to be made and
forwarded to the Quartermaster-General invoices of such articles ol
clothing, camp and garrison equipage, and quartermaster's stores as,
on x)ersonal inspection, they may find unserviceable or worthless to
the Government; and also of such articles as it would be more eco-
nomical to the Government to sell than to ship to other points. The
latter invoices will be separate from the former. The sale of the
property embraced in these invoices having been approved by the
Quartermaster-General, they will be submitted to the Secretary of
War for his orders. All proceedings subsequent to any order of sale
that may be given will be conducted according to the Regulations, by
due advertisement, &c.
II. No sale of public buildings, barracks, quarters, stables, A»c.,
will be made except on an order of the Quartermaster-General,
approved by the Secretary of War, indorsed upon a report to be made
in each case in the usual form.
By orderof the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant AdjiUant-Oeneral.
General Orders, ) War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 114. ) Washington, June 16, 1866,
Soldiers honorably discharged will be permitted to retain, without
charge, their knapsacks, haversacks, and canteens.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant AdjutarvtrOeneral,
UNION AUTHORITIES. 56
General Orders, ) War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 115. J WashingtoTiy June 15, 1865.
The payment of all U. S. bounties to men enlisting in the militaiy
aemoe will cease from and after Jnly 1, 1865.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Ac^tUani- General.
Circular) War Dept., Adjutant-General's Office,
No. 25. ) WashingUm, June 15, 1865.
Officers or enlisted men who may hereafter be commissioned (under
first appointments) by the Governors of States to regiments or com-
panies of volunteers serving in Texas will be furnished with free
transportation on Government transports to the respective stations of
their regiments or companies. Existing regulations are amended
accordingly.
The presentation of a Governor's commission will be sufficient to
secure a transportation order from the proper officer of the Quarter-
master's Department.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Ac^uiant- General.
Hdqrs. State of Arkansas, Adjt. Gen.'s Office,
LitOe Bock, June 15, 1865.
Hon. Edwin M. Stanton,
Secretary of War, Washington, D. (7.:
Sir: I am requested by His Excellency the Governor of the State to
ask that the citizens of Arkansas now serving in the regiments of
other States be mustered out of the service. There is a large class of
this class of soldiers on duty in the Department of Arkansas and
elsewhere in regiments from Missouri and Kansas, and somewhat
from Iowa and Illinois. Many of their families are in the State in the
most destitute condition, while othera are refugees and equally requir-
ing their assistance. It is also a matter of very great importance in
the maintenance of law and order, and the restoration of i>eace and
quiet throughout the State, that they should be permitted to return
to their homes at the earliest possible moment to secure that pre-
ponderance of tried loyal sentiment so necessary in the present
emergency.
I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, your obedient sei*vant,
A. W. BISHOP,
AdjuJUintr General.
General Orders, ) War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 116. J Washington, June 17, 1865.
Enlisted men of the Veteran Reserve Corps who, if they had
remained in the volunteer regiments from which they were trans-
ferred to the Veteran Reserves, would, under existing orders, now be
entitled to muster out of service, will be so discharged, provided
that no man shall be mustered out who desires to serve his full term.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
56 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Circular ) War Dept., Adjutant-General's Office,
No. 2G. f Washington, June 17, 1865.
ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS RELATIVE TO THE MUSTER OUT AND
DISCHARGE OF CERTAIN VOLUNTEER TROOPS.
White troops (except Veteran Reserve Corps) whose terms expire prior
to October 1, 1805; artillery in the Annies of the Potomac (includ-
ing Ninth Corps), Tennessee, and Georgia; dismounted cavalry
in all armies and departments; all cavalry in the Department of
the East, and certain infantr}' in the Northern Department and
Department of the East.
Telegram.] War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
Washington, May 17, 1866.
Maj. Q«n. George G. Meade,
Commanding Army of the Potomac:
The Secretary of War directs that all volanteer organizations of white troops
in your command whose terms of service expire between this date and September
80 next, inclasive, be immediately mustered out of service.
The musters out will be made with existing regimental and company organisa-
tions, and under the regulations promulgated in General Orders, No. 94, of the
15th instant, from this office.
All men in the aforesaid organizations whose terms of service expire subsequent
to October 1, 1865, will be transferred to other organizations from the same State;
to veteran regiments when practicable, and when not practicable to regiments
having the longest time to serve.
It is proper to add that this order will discharge as follows:
First. Tne three-years' regiments that were mustered into service under the call
of July 2, 1862, and prior to October 1 of that year.
Second. Three-years' recruits mustered into service for old regiments between
the same dates.
Third. One-year's men for new and old organizations, who entered the service
between May 17 and October 1, 1864.
Please acknowledge receipt of this.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Aasistant Adjutant-General.
Note. — Orders and instructions, as in the foregoing, were applied to the Army
of the Tennessee and Army of Georgia, under the commana of Major-General
Sherman, June 18, 1865.
Telegram.] War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
Washington, May 18, 1865.
Maj. Gen. George G. Meade,
Commanding Army of the Potomac:
In connection with the telegram order of yesterday, relative to the discharge of
troops whose terms expire prior to October 1, and referring to paragraph IV, Gen-
eral Orders, No. 94, current series, I am directed to say that it is of importance
that the muster-out rolls should be ready in the shortest time possible.
Extra clerks should be detailed to assist the commissaries of musters and their
assistants.
In the absence of rooms for use as offices, hospital and wall tents should be
provided for the use of mustering officers in making out the necessary papers.
All other proper facilities at command should also be afforded.
The attention of corps, division, and brigade commanders should be particularly
directed to what is required of them under paragraph IV, General Orders, No. 94.
Assistant inspectors-general should be directed to frequently visit regiments
and companies, to see in person if the data for the rolls and other papers are
promptly and accurately furnished by renmental and company officei*s, confer-
ring with the commissaries of musters and their assistants with the view of cor-
recting at once any delinquencies they may find to exist.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant Adjutant-Oeneral.
Note.— The foregoing instructions were applied to the Army of the Tennessee
and Army of Georgia, May 18, 1865, and to otner armies and departments, except
Department of the East, Northern Department, Departments of the Pacific and
New Mexico, June 2, 1865.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 57
War Department. Ad Jtrr ant-General's Office,
Washinfftan, May 2U. ISCr,,
TELBORAK TO COMMANDINQ OENERALS OF ALL ARMIES AND DEPARTMENTS, EXCEPT
ARMIES OP THE POTOMAC, TENNESSEE, AND GEORGIA, AND DEPARTMENTS OF
THE BAST, PACIFIC, NEW MEXICO, AND NORTHERN DEPARTMENT.
The Secretaxy of War directs that all volnxiteer organizationR of white troops
in yonr command whose terms of service expire between this date and September
90 next, inclusive, be immediately mustered out of service.
The musters out will be made with existing regimental and company organiza-
tions, and under the regrulations promulgated in General Orders, No. 94, of the
15th instant, from this office.
AH men in the aforesaid organizations whose terms of service expire subsequent
to October 1 will be transferred to other organizations from the same State; to
veteran regiments when practicable, and when not practicable to regiments hav-
ing the longest time to serve.
It is proper to add that this order will discharge as follows:
First. Tne three-years' regiments that were mustered into service under the call
of July 2, 1B63, and prior to October 1 of that year.
Second. Three-years' recruits mustered into service for old regiments between
the same dates.
Third. One-year's men for new and old organizations who entered the service
prior to October 1. 1864.
Should your command be reduced prejudicially to the service by this order, you
are authorized to suspend it in whole or m part, promptly notifying the Adjutant-
General of the Army, with a view to receiving further instructions.
Please acknowledge receipt of this.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant Adjutant-OenercU,
Telegram.] War Department, Adjtttant-General's Office,
Washington, May 20, JSG6,
Haj. Gen. Oeoroe G. Meade,
Commanding Army of tlie Potomac,
Mig. Gen. John G. Parke.
Commanding Ninth Army Corps:
circular to commanding generals armies of GEORGIA AND TENNESSEE,
through headquarters MIUTARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI.
The Secretary of War directs that all the volunteer artillery of your command
(army) be immediately mustered out and discharged.
For this arm of the service General Orders, No. 94, current series, from this
office, is so modified as to allow said troops to be sent to their respective States,
tiiere to be mustered out under the direction of the chief mustering officer of the
State.
Prior to their denarture all public property will be turned over to the proper
officers of the supply departments concerned for the command with which they
mav be serving.
Tlie troops should be placed en route with the least practicable delay, and for-
wuided to the respective rendezvous in their States at or nearest which they were
mustered in.
Please acknowledge receipt of this.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant Adjutant-General.
War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
Washington. June 5, 18(>6,
TELEGRAM TO COMMANDING GENERALS OF ALL ARMIES AND DEPARTMENTS. EXCEPT-
ING DEPARTMENTS OF THE EAST AND THE NORTHERN.
The Secretary of War directs that all dismounted volunteer cavalry of your
command be immediately discharged the service.
The musters out will be made by commissaries of musters and their assistants,
and the troops afterward forwarded to their respective States for payment.
The general principles of General Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office,
will he applied in executing this order.
70 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
expedition was delayed nearly four days on account of a pontoon bridge
stretched across the James River, about twenty-five miles below City
Point, upon which the Army of the Potomac was ci*os8ing to the south
bank of the river. Immediately on the arrival of the construction
force at City Point (June 18, 18<)4) orders were received to rebuild the
City Point and Petersburg Railroad ; also to construct wharves and
buUdings for the use of the army in unloading and receiving supplies.
An examination was made of the road, and it was ascertained that the
bridges were gone, track taken up, and the iron removed for a distance
of four miles. From there on to within two miles and a half from
Petersburg the tnu?k had not been disturbed, but the ties were very
much decayed and the gauge needed changing from five feet to four
feet eight and one-half inches. By the 5th of July the bridges were
all rebuilt, track repaired, and the road was in complete running
order for a distance of seven miles from City Point. By the time the
repairs were completed a full equipment of engines and rolling-stock
had been received, and i-egular trains commenced running July 7,
1 864. A large force was kept constantly employed in building wharves,
warehouses, and all other improvements asked for by Quartermaster's
Department.
Orders were received July 22 to make a preliminary survey of a
branch line of railroad from a point near Pitkin Station (distant
five miles and a half from City Point) to the headquarters of the
Fifth Army Corps, on tlie Weldon railroad at Yellow House. The
survey was ma^le (without instruments) and everything got in readi-
ness for tlie proposed extension. An explosion occurred on the 9th
of August, caused b}' tlie accidental ignition of ammunition stored
in an ordnance boat lying at the wharf at City Point. The force
of the explosion completely demolished some -RK) feet of warehouse
just completed and a large portion of the wharves in the vicinity;
also a large quantity of supplies accumulated for shipment to the
front. The damage to railroad property was very slight, and only a
few of our men were injured. July 20 a force of trackmen equipped
with tools were sent to Deep Bottom to report to General Sheridan,
for the supposed purpose of destroying the track of tlie railroad con-
necting. Petersburg with Richmond. Tl'iey returned July 30 without
effecting anything of importance. Again, August 13 another party
in charge of John Morgan, iussistant engineer, wiis ordered to rei>ort
to General Hancock for the purpose of destroying tlie track on the
Weldon railroad. Nine miles and a quarter of track were destroyed,
and the iron nuide useless by heating and then bending the rails.
Orders were received August 30 to commence building Army Line
from Pitkin Statiim to Yellow Tavern, on the Weldon railroad.
Work was commenced September 1, and by the 10th of September the
new line was completed a distance of nine miles from Pitkin Station
and fourteen miles and a half from City Point. The grading on the
new line was comparatively light, but some very extensive tn^stle-
works were constructed. For quite a distance the rebel batteries had
full range of the track, and trains passing and.our Construction Corps
wei-e much annoyed by the constant fire kept up on them. This diffi-
culty, however, was obviated by the construction of a line of earth-
works about half a mile in length, completely protecting the road.
Extensive tracks for the accommodation of the hospitals and bak-
eries were built; also very large warehouses for the storage of quar-
termaster, commissary, and ordnance stores. Substantial and roomy
wharves were built for a distance of nearly one mile at City Point;
UNION AUTHORITIES. 71
also wharves at Bermticla Ilundrod and Light-House Point. An exten-
sion wharf was built on the Appomattox River for the accommodation
of the hospitals. Water tanks and steam pumping engines were also
furnished to keep up an adequate supply of water. The construction
of hospital buildings on a very large scale for the several army corps
was orden»d October 8. After most of the lumber and other material
had arrived at City Point the plans were changed. They concluded
to build them more temporary than was at first proposed. One hundred
and t«n of these buildings were constructed during the fall and winter.
While this work for the accommodation of the army was being done
the various improvements to facilitate the ojwrations of the road were
not neglected. The road bed was put in first-rate order, and the track
would compare favorably with any first-class road. During the month
of October the yard at City Point was enlarged, switches and sidings
were put in, tnm-tables were constructed at all necessary points, a
substantial and convenient engine-house was built capable of accom-
modating nine locomotive engines; also shops with all the requisite
machinery for the repairs of engines and ears. At all the stations on
the line sidings were laid and station-houses built. An average of
nine trains, exclusive of specials, were run each way daily, amply
supplying the wants of the army, llie amount of rolling-stock for
the working of the road was increased from time to time, as the
demands for transportation became more heavy. Orders were re-
ceived October 22 to proceed' with the extension of the City Point
and Army Line from General Warren's headquartere at the Yellow
House to the Peebles house, a distance of two miles and a quarter.
The work on this extension (now called the Patrick Branch) did
not commence until November 2 on account of an engagement that
took place near where the proposed line was to run. It was completed
with all the necessary sidings November 9. The grading was not
very heavy on account of our conforming to the surface of the ground.
The grades are heavy (a maximum of 228 feet). Eight hundred and
fifty feet of trestle-work, averaging twenty feet in height, was built.
During its construction the weather was very unfavorable, it raining
nearly all the time, making it almost impossible to do any work on
track.
From November 10 to December 19 the construction force were
busily engaged in constructing hospital buildings, repairing wharves,
laying a<kiitional side tracks, and building quarters for the Quarter-
master's Department and railroad enii)loyes. A large clothing ware-
house and extensive commissary buildings were then built; also dis-
tribution ban*acks for the accommodation of the troops passing
through City Point. The coal wharf at City Point and a large
wharf at Hcrniuda Hundred were also completed. Trains continued
to run on good time without accidents, business constantly increas-
ing. Some days ftft^^en trains were run over the road each way.
Work was coninu^nctHl DeeemlH*r 21 on a branch line of road running
from nancock Station, on the main Anny Line, to Fort Hlaisdell, on
tlie Jerusaileni plank road. It was completed December 29, but trains
did not run over it for sonu^ days after on account of the very wet
weathf»r, which made it impossible to get the track in good order.
January 2 orders were received to extend this branch line still
fartlier, to the headquartei's of Cxeneral Crawford, who commanded
one division of the Fifth Army Corps, a distance of two miles and a
quart<»r fi"oni IJaneo4»k Station. Work was immediately commenced,
but owing to the inclement weather progress was not very rapid.
72 C0RKE8P0NDENC£, ETC.
The track was laid, 1,040 feet of trestle-work 18 feet high was built,
and the line opened by January 20. Station-houses, platfomis, and
water-stations were built.
This line is called the Gregg Branch of the City Point and Army
Line. During January a plank road, extending the whole length of
the wharves at City Point, was built. Orders were received from
Lieutenant-General Grant January 25 to send a construction force
(with materials) to Beaufort, N. C, to repair railroad running inland
as far as Winton. In obedience, I dispatched Mr. C. L. McAlpine,
principal assistant engineer, in charge of a force of carpenters and
trackmen, with tools, camp equipage, and material, from City Point
for that place, January 26, on steamers Detroit, Rebecca Barton, and
Charles Barton. The whole force reached New Berne without any
serious detention January 30. They immediately went to work relay-
ing track, getting out cross-ties, and rebuilding bridges. By Feb-
ruary 2 tiie track was repaired to Batchelder's Creek bridge, and
bridge rebuilt. February 5 Col. W. W. Wright, chief engineer, with
his construction force, arrived at Moreliead City. Our party kept at
work till February 8, when they were I'elieved by Colonel Wright's
force and embarked for City Point the same day. The whole force
arrived at City Point February 12, in time to take part in the exten-
sion of the Army Line. From January 25 to February 12 the construc-
tion force remaining at City Point were engaged in constructing
quarters, oflBces, &c., for the Quartermaster's Department, repairing
and extending wharves, and building a large wharf at Deep Bottom,
on the James River, and keeping the track of the City Point and
Army Line and branches in good repair. Our forces made an advance
to the left of Peteraburg February 5, and after three days' fighting
succeeded in gaining and holding a position on the Vaughan road, a
distance of about five miles in advance of their former line.
An oixler was received February 8 to extend the Army Line, The
proposed extension was located the 12th. The line, leaving Warren
Station, ran down the old bed of the Weldon railroad ab<»ut two miles,
then, diverging to the right, across the most favorable ground to the
Cummings house, on the Vaughan road, a distance of five miles from
Warren Station. Work was commenced February 13 and completed
to the Cummings house (Ilumplu'eys Station) on the 24th. We also
furnished all the necessary sidings, buildings, platfonns, water sta-
tions, and Y for the proper working of the road. During the prog-
ress of this work the weather was very unfavorable, raining almost
without intermission, making the ground so soft that it was almost
impossible to do any work or get the teams over it with material. Two
thousand seven hundred and eighty-one feet of trestle-work was built
on this extension, averaging twenty-five feet high. Most of the timber
was cut in the woods and hauled to the work with teams detailed for
that purpose. A number of hospital cars were fitted up for the pur-
pose of moving the sick and wounded from the front and along the
line to City Point. These were kept in almost constant use. Trains
were running regularly and amply supplying all the wants of the
army. In- addition to the regular freight business two passenger
trains were run each way daily for the accommodation of mails, offi-
cers, and othei-s, to and from the front. At the time of building the
Army Line many of the officers of the Army of the Potomac, together
with the regular Engineer Corps, denounced this location, declaring
that it would Ik* impossible for an engine alone to ascend the heavy
grades; and as for furnishing the necessary supplies for the army
UNION AUTHOBITIES. 73
over it, they considered it altogether out of the question. It was dis-
covered, however, that engines hauled an average of fifteen loaded
cars i)er train, and in many cases twenty-three loaded cars, with one
of our ordinary engines, thus demonstrating the practicability of
supplying a large army over a temporary road constructed in this
manner. The total length of track laid on Army Line, branches, and
sidings was 21 miles 3,965 feet, and total length of trestle work, 1
mUe 1,303 feet, an average of twenty-one feet high.
Not much of note in railroad affairs occurred from February 28
to April 3. The construction department was kept busy making
additional improvements wherever needed, and building a wharf at
City Point in the gap between the quartermaster's and railroad
wharves. I also increased our force and made heavy additions to our
rolling-stock, iron, timber, and other material in anticipation of a
movement of our army. April 3, immediately after the successful
advance of our forces, we abandoned the Army Line and commenced
relaying the track taken up on the South Side Railroad to Petersburg,
our troops having taken possession ot that place on the morning of
the 3d. The road was opened and in running order to Petersburg
April 4. A large force was set to work changing the gauge of side-
tracks and switches in yard at Petersburg from live feet to four feet
eight and a half inches, to suit our rolling-stock. We also commenced
changing the gauge on main line of South Side Railroad and completed
it to Burkeville, sixty- two miles from City Point, April 11, and trains
commenced running through with supplies to that point. The road
was found to be in wretched condition. The ties were decayed and
worthless, and most of the iron nearly worn out. For two or three
days it was with the greatest difficulty that trains could be got over
the road; but very soon the condition of it was improved by placing
a large construction force at work renewing ties, relaying and repairing
the track. Trains commenced to run regularly and on time without
any accident of a serious nature, and easily filling all requisitions for
transportation. We also opened the Petersburg and Richmond Rail-
road, and regular trains commenced running from City Point to
Manchester (opposite Richmond), via Petersburg, April 7. On the
24th of April orders were received through General Ingalls to make
the necessary repairs on the Richmond and Danville Railroad and
open communication with Danville, and also to advance on the South
Side Railroad and rebuild the High Bridge near Farmville, seventy-
six miles fi-om City Point. I sent a large force with material to this
bridge, but before the work was fairly under way the order was
countermanded. April 30 an order was received from you to suspend
all work on repairs or rebuilding railroads in Virginia, and only
finish such improvements as had been commenced and were nearly
completed. In compliance, immediate steps were taken to reduce the
expenses in the different departments. As soon as the men could be
spared the greater part of the Construction Corps and transportation
departments were sent to Alexandria and discharged.
By the 1st of June all the force that possibly could be spared had
been discharged, and only a sufficient number retained to insure the
successful oi)eration of the roads. Twenty-four new locomotive
engines and alx)ut 275 new box-cars (all 5-feet gauge) arrived at City
Point, loaded on a fleet of about ninety vessels. By your directions
this stock was sent to Manchester (opposite Richmond) and there
unloaded. A wharf bad to be built, long sidings laid, and connections
made with the Richmond and Danville road for the purpose of storage.
74 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Possession was taken of the machine-shops at Manchester belonging
to Richmond and Danville road, and a force engaged to put the
engines and cars in proper condition before they were sold. Most of
the stock had been on board vessels for nearly three months, exx)osed
to all kinds of weather, and was in bad condition when received.
During the month of June the Array Line Railroad was taken up and
material brought to City Point. All proper rty not in use was collected
from the lines of the several roads and brought to City Point for shii>-
ment. Regular trains were run on the South Side and Richmond and
Petersburg roads, connecting with trains on Richmond and Danville
road, amply supplying all the troops along tlie lines. A large number
of' discharged troops were brought to City Point, and transportation
furnished a large numlx»r of rebel troops returning to their homes.
July 3 the Petersburg and Richmond Railroad was turned over to
the company, and the Richmond and Danville road was turned over
July 4. All material and rolling-stock that <^ould be spared had in
the meantime been shipped to Alexandria. We continued running
the South Side Railroad from City Point to Uurkeville, transporting
supplies and large numbers of troops en route north from North
Carolina, until July 24. At this date the road was turned over to the
company, which closed up our operations of military railroads at
City Point. The whole force (with the exception of some sixteen
men left to take chargi^ of property, &c.) were brought to Alexandria
and discharged. All the property has been removed from City Point,
with the exception of some material wliich will remain there until sold.
Mr. C. L. McAlpine, principal -assistant engineer, in charge of con-
struction d(»partment, and G. M. Huntington, superintendent, in
charge of transportation department on this line, were pei-severing
in the dischargij of their varied and arduous duties. May 15 Mr.
McAlpine having resigned his position, Mr. T. D. Hays wjis then
appointed '*in charge" of all our railroad operations at City Point;
an<l to liim I am indebted for valuable assistance rendered.
PETERSBURG AND RICHMOND RAILROAD AND CLOVER HILL BRANCH.
When Petersburg and Richmond were abandoned by the enemy,
April 3, and during the time we wt^i-e changing the gauge and mak-
ing an advance on South Side Railroad, orders were received to oi)en
commiinication with Richmond. A trestle bridge 400 feet Um^ and
12 feet high had to be built, connecting with bridge over the Appo-
mattox River at Petersburg. The road was opened April 7. Two
regular passeng(»r trains were run each way daily from City Point to
Manchester (opposite Richmond), by way of Pett'rsburg. No freight
business of any note was done until the last of April, when orders
were received to establish a depot at Manchester in oi'der to provide
the Army of the Potomac aiul (ieneral Slu^nnan's ai-my with supplies
previous to their nuirch to Alexandria and Washington. Sidings
and platforms were built and large quantities of supplies sent for-
ward from City Point. All oiders on us for transport at ion were filled
prompt 13% In coiuu^etion with this roa<l we o[)erat(Ml the Clover Hill
Branch, a coal road diverging from Ww main line nine miles from
Petersburg, and running up to coal mines, a <listance of eight<H>n
mih's. Ti»is iH'came nec^'ssary on account of tlu* scarcity of coal in
Richmon<l and PeU'rsburg. One train daily wius run, carrying all
the coal that was loaded in cai-s at the mines. Ait<^'r iho armies
UNION AUTHORITIES. 75
moved from Manchester but little business was done on these roads.
Application having been made by Governor Peirpoint to have the
road transferred to the company, by your order it was turned over
July 3, and all material, <fcc., removed to City Point.
RICHMOND AND DANVILLE RAILROAD.
On the evacuation of Richmond, and during the time our army was
advancing, it became necessary to rebuild a number of the railroads
that had been used by the enemy during the wt . By orders received
from you April 20 I made an examination of this road. It w^fi
found to be in good order, with the exception of the bridges over
Appomattox and Staunton Rivers, and about 2,000 feet of track were
destroyed. The officers of the Richmond and Danville Railroad ran
all their rolling-stock then in running order south of the bridges, and
subsequently concentrated it at Clover Station, as a point midway
between our two grand armies, and it was then captured by the
Sixth Army Corps on its advance to Danville. April 24, I I'eceived
orders, through Greneral Ingalls, to make the necessary i*epairs and
open communicatiou with Danville ; work was commenced on Staun-
ton River bridge April 26, and it was completed May 2. The bridge
Ls 600 feet long and 40 feet high. All the timber used in constructing
it was cut in the surrounding woods, and hauled to the bridge by
teams detailed for that purpose. During the progress of the work
trains were run between the river and Danville for transportation of
supplies. Twenty cars of subsistence stores received from wagon
trains wei-e taken to Danville, and the First Brigade, First Division,
Sixth Army Corps, brought from Danville to the bridge to await the
rorapletion for further transportation. On completion of the bridge.
May 2, four trains of troops were sent to Burkeville. Transportation
of balance of First Division commenced at once and was completed
May 5 ; the entire division of 8,000 men employing 253 ears, in
twenty-one trains. May 6 commenced transportation of captured
oi-dnance, ordnance stoi*es, arsenal machinery, <fec., from Danville to
Burkeville ; thence by way of South Side Railroad to City Point,
amounting in all to 300 car-loads, in thirty trains; finished May 15.
May 10 commenced moving balance of Sixth Army Corps, numbering
about 18,000 men, with usual baggage, officers' horses, ifec, from Dan-
ville to Manchester, 140 miles. This work employed forty-five trains,
or 408 cars, and was finished May 22, In addition to this business
WHS transi)ortatiou of supplies for the Sixth Army Corps while at
Danville. Crowds of negroes and paroled prisoners going north and
south. After passage of Sixth Corps to June 15 but little business
was done, consisting principally of transportation of mails, supplies,
4fec., for posts at Danville, Keysville, and Amelia Court-House; occa-
sional regiments for points on line, some from Lynchburg by way of
Burkeville Junction to Richmond. June 15 commenced transporta-
tion of large numbers of paroled prisoners to Danville, which con-
tinued until surrendering the road to Board of Public Works of
Virginia, at the rate of 804 per day, and total of 15,600. June 22 com-
menced transportation of troops arriving at Danville from North
Carolina for the north, by way of Burkeville and City Point; this
continued until surrender of the road July 4, amounting to 7,250
soldiers, 115 horses, and 15 cai*s baggage. The cars on this road were
found in very bad condition and nmuy set aside. The locomotives
76 C0BRS8P0NDENCE, ETC.
were eighteen in number, belonging as follows: To Richmond and
Danville road, ten; East Tennessee and Virginia road, five; Nash*
ville and Chattanooga road, two; and Norfolk and Petersburg road,
one. We also recaptured U. S. Military Railroad engine Colonel
McCallum; this one had been captured from us at Bristoe Station, on
Orange and Alexandria road, in 1862, during General Pope's retreat,
taken south to Danville road, changed to 5-feet gauge, and is now
called Pocahontas. All these were in bad order, but by hard labor
kept up and caused to do good service. Mr. O. H. Dorrance, for-
merly of the Winchester and Potomac line, was superintendent of this
road, and conducted affairs with his usual ability. In consequence
of the uncertainty of our ox)erations I did not enter upon a thorough
organization. The old operatives of this road were retained, consid-
erable reduction from U. S. Military Railroad rates made in their pay,
as satisfactory to them, a point of economy, and that men just from
rebellion did not deserve to be rated with old military mil road
employ^ and loyal men. As City Point was considered the Imse of
all supplies this is called one of the connecting roads, and the
accounts are included in the tabular statements opposite City Point
and connecting roads.
NORFOLK AND PETERSBURG RAILROAD.
During the year the business of this road has been only nominal.
A large amount of wood has been hauled in from the line of the road
to Norfolk for use of the quartermaster at the post. A flag-of-truce
train was run to Suffolk about once in two weeks, or whenever called
upon. The track is in good condition to Suffolk, a distance of
twenty-three miles; it is laid with iron, sixty-four pounds to yard,
and is decidedly the best road in Virginia. October 12 Mr. H. F.
Woodward was appointed assistant superintendent and engineer of
the Norfolk and Petersburg and Seaboard and Roanoke Railroads,
vice Mr. P. McCallum, appointed to the sujwrintendency of military
railroads diverging from Alexandria. April 1 Mr. Phin. B. Tompkins
was appointed superintendent in charge, and Mr. Woodward trans-
ferred to City Point. This road was opemted in connection with the
Seaboard and Roanoke road and rolling-stock used on either rosid as
occasion demanded, a connection having previously been made at
Suffolk between the two roads. Possession of this road was given to
the company June 30 and ended our operations at Norfolk and
Portsmouth, with the exception of a small force left in charge of
material.
SEABOARD AND ROANOKE RAILROAD.
This roa<l has been in use to Suffolk, distance eighteen miles from
Portsmouth. One daily train, exclusive of specials, has been run to
that point. Only a small number of troops wei*e stationed on line of
this roml and at Suffolk, consequently the demands for transportation
have not been very pressing. A large number of cross-ties have been
cut along the line of road and hauleil to Portsmouth; from there they
have been shipped to the several points where military railroads have
been opened and extended. Fifteen thousand nine hundred and
ninety-two ties were sent to North Carolina for use of roads running
inland from Beaufort. By your directiuus, April 6, the new 5-feet-
UNION AUTHORITIES. 77
gauge rolling-stock was ordei'ed to Norfolk, with the intention of
landing it at that x>oint, the object being to open communication
with Weldon and use this stock on the road. The order was after-
ward countermanded by you, on account of the cessation of hostili-
ties, and all the rolling-stock ordered to Manchester (opposite Rich-
mond), there to be stored until sold. We abandoned this road June
30 and turned it over to the company, leaving a small force to take
charge of Government property until sold or removal to Alexandria.
WINCHESTER AND POTOMAC RAILROAD.
In obedience to an order received from you August 12 to repair and
put in working order this road from Harper's Ferry to Halltown (a
distance of six miles), a construction force with material was sent to
Harper's Ferry. Repairs were commenced August 14, and regular
trains commenced running through to Halltown August 19. From
that date the road was not used to any great extent, and only a limited
amount of freight was transported until October 20, at which date
you ordered the extension of the road to Winchester. November 2
a detachment of our Construction Corps commenced rebuilding the
road from Halltown. Track was completed to Charlestown (ten miles
from Harper's Ferry) on the 6th; Summit Point (eighteen miles from
Harper's Ferry) on the 14th, and Stephenson's (twenty-eight miles
from Harper's Ferr>') on the 24th. I received orders from General
Sheridan to make this the terminus of the road, establish depot
grounds, lay the necessary sidings, and prepare for a heavy business.
Our rolling-stock consisted of thirteen engines and about seventy-five
ears, all in good condition. Our railroad employes numbered about
000 men. December 1 2 Mr. O. H. Dorrance was appointed superin-
tendent of this line, relieving Mr. Beggs, who was ordered to report to
Alexandria. The old strap rail was removed from line of road and
sent to Alexandria, engine-house and machine-shops built at Harper's
Ferry, and a number of extensive platforms built at Harper's Ferry
and Stephenson's for the shipping of quartermaster's and commissary
stores. I also frequently employed a portion of our construction force
unloading cars at Stephenson's. This was done on account of the
large amount of freight kept in the cars by quartermasters, they not
having sufficient force to unload it. During the months of January,
February, March, and April business continued to be done promptly
and without any serious accident. April 29 I ordered Mr. Dorrance,
superintendent, to City Point, for the purpovse of taking charge of the
Richmond and Danville Railroad, leaving Mr. D. T. Shaw, dispatcher,
in charge of Winchester and Potomac line.
In 3Iay business began to slack off. On the 21st the Opequon
bridge, one of the largest on the road, was swept off by a freshet,
interfenng with operations for a few days. During the month of
June I reduced the rolling-stock to ^ve engines and about sixty cars,
and the force employed on the road to about 175 men, thus carrying
out your previous order. A total of 3,294 feet of trestle-work, an
average of 12^ feet high, was built on main track and sidings on this
road. This ends the report of operations up to this date. I might
add, however, that all railroad material used in construction of this
road had to be sent from Alexandria to Harper's Ferry over the Balti-
more and Ohio road. Most of the railroad iron was shipped direct
from the Manassas Gap Railroad, where a large force was engaged in
78
C0RBE8tK>ND£NGE, BTC.
removing the track from Piedmont to Manassas Junction; the same
cars being used in distributing the iron on Winchester nmd as were
in loading it not forty-eight hours previous on Manassas Gap road.
It is a fact worthy of note that during a business extending but little
over seven months, in which time 2,238 trains jiassed over the road,
carrying nearly 200,000 persons, but one accident of any consequence
occurred and but one man was killed. The advantages resulting from
the completion of this line were observable, not only in furnishing
supplies to the Army of the Shenandoah, but in rapidity with which
troops could be moved. At the time of moving the Sixth Army Corps,
the First Division arrived at City Point by way of Washington in
forty-four hours after leaving Stephenson's, and the Second Division
in fifty-two hours, saving at least thirty hours by having this short line
open. Please see tabular statements for further information. This
sums up the report of my operations in the Department of Virginia
during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865. .
I desire to express my thanks to superintendents, engineers, agents,
and other employes on the different lines for the manner, in which
they have discharged their varied and arduous duties. Always dili-
gent and faithful, they have never been found wanting when called
on. It is with pleasure I acknowledge the services of Mr. J. M.
Pitkin, principal assistant, in charge of all business appertaining to
my duties; his untiring energy and faithful services cannot be too
highly appreciated.
Respectfully submitted.
J. J. MOORE,
Chief Kngr, and GeiiL Supt Military Railroads of Virginia,
[Table Xo. 1.]
Schedule of military railroadu operated in the DejHLrtment of Virginia during
fiscal year.
From—
To,
WoMliinKtoii and Aloxundria ' WnnhinKton
Orange mu<1 Al«xan<}ria I AlexMiidria
Alexandria, Loudoun and Haiiip- do
shire. |
Manaeeae Gap Railroad Manacaas
WlncheRter and Potomao I Harper's Ferry .
Norfolk and Petersburg ' N orfolk .
Seaboard and Roanoke .
City Point and Army
South Side
Richmond and Petersburg .
Richmond and Danville
Total
Richmond and Petersburg (Clo-
rer Hill Branch.)
Portsmouth .
City Point..
do
Manchester .
do
Alexandria .. .
(iorduuNTille..
LueNburg
Strasburg ....
Stephenson's .
Petersburg . . .
Weldon
Humphreys ..
Lynchburg ...
Petersburg . . .
Danyille
7i
88
41
82
184
181 I
22
140
ifos*. irost.
3
I*
M
1ft
15
15
34
23 -
17
184'
62 I
«l
140
28
17
82
22
140
417
18
248
18
UNION AUTHORrriBS.
79
[Table No. 2.]
U. 8. MILITARY RAILBOADB.
I^mnber of penont employed each month during fiscal year ending June SO, 1S6S,
HoDth.
July
Aosmt ...
SBpMnb6r. ...
Oetober
KoTember. ..
December...
Jimuury
FebmazT ..
Merab
^.:::::::
Juw
TMal
SI
i
16
9
11
12
16
19
19
18
21
22
22
24
,
1
B
1
1
a
8
{
!_
M
1
1
4
1 i 1
10
2 1
11
2 1
10
2 1 1
14
10
2 1 2
11
11
2 2
18
16
1 1 2
14 1 1 2
18
!■ 2
16
136
20
20
I
0
1
60
29
66
66
60 I
66,
75
48 '
39 {
s
s
s
121
63
78
126
149
149,
166
161
151
200
129
113
61
51
47
70
83
86 ,
77 1
76
'*
89
48 '
813 I 784
40
29
87
00
60
66
62
62
64
66
46
410
161 616
lionth.
JBly 76
Aajnwi 64
September . . . < 82
October 92
Vovember 89
December 103
Junury 1 11*
Febniary ....! 117
Ifarcb .' 128
AprU 145
IQy 109
Jane i Ul
669
672
728
735
978
986
761
813
972
990
913
433
92
74
77
70
99
08
100
113
138
136
71
75
ToUl... 1.233 9,450 1,142 1,143 :723 210
101 69
83 48
82 64
99 I 68
70
96
102
101
116
136
79
73
64 177
l.i
9 13 1,069
9 12 014
21 10 932
20 ! 10 884
1,480
1,260
1,846
1,400
1,841
2.278
1,964
781
173 Too 16.228 376 | 21
jl
36 I....
25 I....
80 ....
27
. I
I
2.612
2.103
2,369
2,479
8,413
8,241
3,162
8,827
8,926
4,643
8.674
1,988
135 36, 720
[Table No. 3.]
U. B. MILITARY RAILROADS.
Distribution of labor and material during fiscal year ending June.
Aoeoant.
' Freight and
I cartage.
.1.,
Alexandria railroada
CitT Point railroada 1
WiDcheeter and PotonuM Baflroad
Korf oil raflroada ,
Virginia raflroada $12,623.89
North Carolina raOroada '
SeTaonah railroada .•>«.•.....•.•.••..••. !... ."
Baltimore and Oblo Bailroed
Qpartermaater's Department
Photogrnph department >
Telegraph department
Labor.
Material.
$685,099.30
648,37L90
305.586.60
39.863.91
79.653.67
2,681.33
139.38
Total 12,523.89
198,036.68
3.292.53
306.86
1,062,478.15
$474,350.74
400,063.94
129,606.76
26.648.82
17,676.83
331.278.01
9,206.64
1,300.00
182,617.46
8,271.14
226.43
1,675,136.66
Total.
$1,159,460.04
1,048,426.84
435.193.44
64,904.73
109,863.39
383,909.34
9, 347. 92
1,300.00
380,663.04
6, 563. 67
532.29
3,550,133.70
80 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
ITablA No. 4.]
U. 8. MILITARY RAILROAD6 OF VIROIKIA.
Schedule of engines^ with cost of maintenance and repairs.
Builders and na
engines.
Baldwin & Co. :
S.S.Po»t
CVibbaid
Geo. A. Parker
Union
General Dix
Vulcan
Blue Bird
Hamming Bird
Norria &, Son :
KM. Stanton
Borneo
Fire Fly
Manfrod
May Queen
Governor Nye
Hiawatha
Pickwick
General Meiga
Colonel Beckwith
President
William Mason:
W.H.Whiton
General Robinson
General Sickles
H.L. Robinson
Clarke
B.L.'Wents
Taunton Locomotive Co. :
General Meade
General Conch
Grape Shot
Secretary
New Jersey Locomotive
Works:
D. H. Rncker
Chas.Minot
Commodore
General McClellau . . . .
Col. D. C. MoCallum ..
Zebra
Tiger
Lion
Fred Leach
J.H. Devereux
Rogers Locomotive
Works:
Osceola
Buffalo
W.W.Wright
U. S. Military &ilroads :
Lieut. General Grant.
General Sheridan
Rapidan
Jersey City Locomotive
Works: General Geary.
J. Souther:
Hoosao
Monitor
Miscellaneous:
Senator
Sentinel
Dover
Contest
Victor
Vidette
Romuuis..
51,900
51,800
61,300
51,300
58,000
64,000
54,000
54,000
56,000
55,000
40,000
44,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
24,000
I
hirii^-g. i I
lb X 22 $10,303.00 t22,000.00
' •*' 11.845.00 22,000.00
2,500.00 21,000.00
0,500.00 21,000.00
9,500.00 21,000.00
0,250.00 I 20,000.00
5,500.00, 6,000.00
6,000.00' 6,000.00
h\ ^ 24
mt 24
10 3( 24
K>x24
15 ^24
V\\ 22
Hx22
16x22
16x22
16x22
16x22
15x22
15x22
16x22
16x22
16x22
16x24
16x24
16x24
16x24
16x24
16x24
16x24
16x24
16x24
16x24
15x22
15x22
15x22
16x22
16x22
16x20
16x20
15x24
16x20
15x20
14x20
16x20
16x20
15x20
10x18
9.500.00
9,500.00
8,900.00
10,990.00
10,900.00
12,875.00
10,990.00
10,990.00
12,875.00
12,875.00
22,000.00
21,000.00
I 20,000.00
i 21,000.00
21.000.00
I 21,000.00
21,000.00
I 21.000.00
21,000.00
21,000.00
0.800.00 21,000.00
9,300.00 21,000.00
11,845.00 22,000.00
11,845.00 22,000.00
21,000.00
9,860.00 21,000.00
12,876.00
12,876.00
10,969.00
22,000.00
22.000.00
22,000.00
9,000.00 20,000.00
13,000.00
18, 000. 00
18,000.00
10,500.00
10,500.00
11,845.00
11,845.00
12,491.00
10,500.00
8,660.00
9,000.00
11,830.00
12,088.00
8,760.00
7,000.00
7,000.00
6,800.00
5,300.00
4,500.00
4,750.00
4.750.00
9,000.00
5,000.00
22,000.00
22.000.00
22,000.00
21,000.00
21.000.00
21,000.00
21,000.00
22,000.00
21,000.00
20.000.00
20,000.00
20.000.00
21,000.00
20,000.00
22,000.00
20,000.00
20,000.00
15,000.00
15, 000. 00
7,000.00
5,000.00
5,000.00
5, 000. 00
5,OU0.0O
15,000.00
8,000.00
2,600.00
I
13.800.89
4,818.78
8,2S6w68
11.467.80
6,136.62
8.518.21
4,289.64
6,664.21
4.363.19
4,271.20
6,196.66
3,828.66
4,053.74
4,550.73
4.487.16
4,820.16
3, 650. 81
8,826.68
1,646.81
4,881.80
8,580.80
8.944.92
2,809.60
4,870.64
4, 44a 67
4,002.52
8,878.09
2,807.92
4. 07a 49
3, 740. 19
5.7IMI.29
Z §4^ 17
2.r*42.l3
4. L1LP.L79
i, y.'A. T9
4,0^4,60
3. tfK;^ 62
4,U45.82
5,885.88
3,225.67
3,209.63
2.650.80
3.613.30
8,921.69
4.483.10
9,068.04
6.709.88
2,960.95
5,484.62
6,756.12
2,976.59
2,372.99
126.50
288,60L88 66I,M6
I
i
a
I
I
I
6.597
5,709
11,064
807
16,766
8,892
4,611
7,067
6,884
6,751
9,129
ia748
8,733
9.896
7,010
12,207
18,665
14.130
2,780
$57.61
76.64
20.88
1,278.46
86.60
00.28
08.00
80.28
88.88
88.27
66.91
85.68
48.42
48.42
56.02
86.38
10.68
27.07
60.02
7,087
61.88
16.071
68.89
9.804
40.23
10,760
96.85
10,108
48.18
ia584
48.15
8,830
58.50
10,606
86.68
8,822
88.47
6.801
71.68
1,622
244.74
1,180
6ia47
4.705
50.40
12.442
2o.a
18,516
23.24
9,821
46.42
18,706
83.50
4,060
08. U
8,814
68.10
8.880
86.79
18,048
24.73
16,616
18.97
12,226
21.68
18,222
2L72
60
6,019 I
6,867 I
I
12.035
7,414
6,567
3,897
4,274
6,579
74.48
154.67
61.87
39.53
83.61
178.36
60.62
86^07
48.04
UNION AUTHORITIES.
81
[Table No. 5.]
U. S. MIUTART RAILROADS.
Tons carried and miles run during fiscal year.
Winobeater and
PMnnac.
aty Pafait and eon-
BBottncroada.
VnftSi.
Total
1
Tons.
88.541
44.452
10.806
S8,606
908,067
Tont,
118,078
51.681
168,662
26,811
884,672
Tona.
851
760
76,540
864
78.515
1
I
Tont.
64
240
61
10,030
TOHM.
1,788
5,084
75.870
2.858
84.500
Tont.
13,830
665
21.570
561
36,6a
Toiu.
160. 161
102.832
580,812
62.158
868,458
i
5
54,370
22,664
07.200
6.517
180.751
e
I
666.507
632,812
2,322,800
3.682.128
[Tabla No. 6.]
U. S. MILITARY RAILROADS.
Number of passengers carried July /, 1864^ to June 30^
1866.
Boad.
Joly
Ang.
Sept. ! Oct. 1 KoT.
1 1
Deo.
Al«iaiidria
18.486
35,870
1.868
2.646
11.845
46,150
1.271
8.158
14.681 16.785 14.596
43.440 , 66.766 63,451
2,125 2.206 17.255
4,647 1 8,741 | 8,963
17,501
CttyPolBt
60.781
Wiaebaatsr and Potomac
V9tMk
24.666
4.767
Total
52.870
62 424
64.896 ' 89.496 | 99.265
106,805
Road.
Jan.
Feb.
liarob.
April.
K.,.
June.
6,692
87,865
7,778
2.784
Total.
Alexandria
16,968
57,841
86.766
8,968
86.041
66,645
88, 6U
8,673
18,954
64,845
21.652
4.861
21,834
97.467
20,854
8.289
18,676
2,671
184, 116
City Point
785,981
tfocfblk
193.260
44.117
Total
115,537
184,203
100,812
142.894
124,042
105.219
1, 207, 474
[Table No. 7.]
U. S. MILITARY RAILROADS.
Receipts for freight and passengers during fiscal year ending June SO.
Reoelpta.
July.
Ang. j Sept.
Oct.
Nov. j Dec.
Paawmmrn .
189.10
80.00
951.70
5.00
$88.50
866.00
$260.40
2,472.75
$425.70 ! $2,237.45
2.565.00 1 3.623.29
Prnigbf
Total
119. 10
56.70 1 iRi sn
2.733.15
2,990.70 1 5, 86a 74
ReceJpta.
Jan.
$2,639.30
3,830.60
Feb. Hansb. April. | May. Jnno. i Total.
T^—e iiiiifiiie . ■ . . ,
$8 917 40 p^ 33S an
1
$2,803.95 ,$12,181.06 $18,156.73 $45,186.50
2,266.70 4,335.32 7.368.82 | 36.077.58
pSSf?"
3.184.00
0,029.20
Total
6,460.90
7.102.30
8.364.50
5.070.65
16, 516. 38 25. 525. 55 . 81. 264. 17
1 1
6 R R — SERIES III, VOL V
82 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
lTableNo.8.]
U. S. MIUTARY RAILROADS.
Amount of material received and used July 1, 1S64, to June SO, 1865,
Month.
July
Aagoflt
September.
October
Norember .
December .
JanoMy . . .
Febmary . .
March.
On Hand. Reoeired.
$371,479.50
^.:
Jane.,
w, 'rs.i. «7
llfl, TSii. 39
124, i-29 01
34a 70fl. 10
21&, 7T2. 71
9<n, f^J^. m
97, 441. »
17<t,$]3.4;2
4SG. ]5t ^
H.Ml 11
» 1
371,479.69 i 1,902,783.87
Used.
Ou Hand.
$136,243.41
77,244.93
142,305.72
63,038.64
96,958.12
80,722.27
149,825.13
122,932.82
162,670.32
454,427.86
45,402.48 ,
53,049.36 I $687,267.40
1,586,906.06 687.267.40
(Table No. 9.)
Estimated value of property on military railroads. State of Virginia, June SO, 1865,
Description.
Maohine^hops and additions
Bngine-hooaes
Car-shops and additions
Depot baildinffs,&o
Bridge shops, dec
Store-honse buildings
Offices
goarters and dwelling-hooses
ommissary bolldings
Wharves and fixtures
Bau*ge and switch-houses
Water stations
Locomotive engines
Box-cars
Flat-cars
Stock cars
Passenger-cars
President's and wreck car
Handcars
Pile-drivers
Stationary engines
Pumping engines
Printing department
Commissary department
Iron, railroad
Iron and steel
Chairs
Spikes, railroad
Machinery in machine department .
Machinery in car department
Material in machine and car depart-
ment.
Tools in machine department
Tools in car department
Office f^uniture
Tools, Ac, in construction depart-
ment.
Lumber
Miscellaneous property
Store-bouse repiiNrt
Total 2,175,277.15
Alexandria
railroads.
$6,1^.00
84,500.00
28.950.00
2,500.00
1,800.00
8,500.00
2,350.00
6,500.00
8,500.00
8.000.00
400.00
1,650.00
602.300.00
280,350.00
159,800.00
U, 700. 00
16,450.00
14,000.00
625.00
5,000.00
5.900.00
10,000.00
1. 542. 00
1,719.67
107. 840. OU
50, 300. 00
(a>
(a)
24.048.00
4,101.00
8,895.60
18,913.21
3.471.43
1,488.00
23.090.84
(a)
27, 080. 00
087,267.40
Winchester
and Citv Point ' Norfolk
Potomac railroads. I railroads.
RaUroad.
$600.00
1,200.00
45.00
1,139.00
223.00
180.00
250.00
611.00
630.00
106.00
275.00
68,000.00
51,450.00
12,600.00
16,450.00
250.00
2,500.00
2,500.00
076.00
1.280.00
5,325.00
24.48
21.00
2,450.00
465.00
7,415.00
8,243.00
1,761.05
187.50
3.621.00
1,960.00
5,321.00
193,059.98
$2,500.00
8, 100. 00
2.650.00
811.28
1,250.00
866.00
900.00 '
14,689.05
450.00 I
14,820.U0 ,
220.00 I
660.00
125.000.00 '
44, 100. 00 ,
27,200.00
1.800.00
11,750.00
$8,000.00
29. 000. 00
4,000.00
1.560.00
650.00
150.00
2,070.00
430.00
84,000.00
17,850.00
23,800.00
250.00
2 500.00
3,000.00
7.600.00
1.807 68
352.920.00
5,79&40
8.712.00
9. 795. 00
153.00
5,310.00
4, 760. 00
895.00
222.00
5,676.00
20,997.23
4,176.00 I
2,350.00
625.00
2,600.00
2,100.00
476 00
12. 480 00
9. 375. 00
15.36
27.00
13,725.00
2,175.00
25, 310. 00
2,142.00
1,761.00
452.00
1,851.60
4.083.00 i
11,571.00
I
Total.
$17,250.00
67,800.00
35,645.00
6,010.28
8.923.00
4,606.00
8,500.00
23,870.05
4,580.00
22.820.00
726.00
2.915.00
879.300.00
393. 750. 00
210. 800. 00
26.100.00
47.UOO.00
14 000.00
1,750.00
7,500.00
14,000.00
22.100.00
1.542.00
4, 079. 35
475, 520. 00
74, 000. 00
5.838.24
8. 760 90
50, 013. 00
6.894.00
46,030.60
29.058.21
7.888.48
2.849.50
34,839.41
27, 04a S3
48,148.00
687,267.40
688,138.64
264,628.96 1 3,321.104.68
a Store-honse sheet.
UKION AUTHORITIES. 83
[Table No. 10.]
U. B. MIUTARY RAILROADS.
Oradients, alignments , elevations^ <ftc.*
[Table No. 11.]
MILITARY RAILROADB OF VIRGINIA.
Track laid from July 1, 1864^ to June 30^ 1865,
Army Line : Milaa. Feet.
Main Udo from Pifkin Station to Humphreys Station 18 8,100
Sidings, from Pitkin Station to Hnmphreys Station 2 4,705
Qr^x Branch, from Hancock Station to Crawford Station 2 1,200
^Tdings, from Hancock Station to Crawford Station 2, 960
Patrick Branch, from Warren Station to Patrick Station 2 1,000
Sidings, from Warren Station to Patrick Station 1,550
Total length of track in main line, branches, and sidings 21 3, 955
Sonth Side Bailroad, from City Point to Borkeville:
Main line relaid 10 820
Hospital, bakery, and other sidings 4 2,800
Total 14 8,120
Petersburg and Richmond Railroad:
Siding laid at Manchester 1,520
Richmond and Danville Railroad:
Main line, near Appomattox bridge 2,000
Siding at Manchester, storage of cars 2 2,430
Total 2 4,430
Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad:
Main line, fifteen miles from Portsmouth .5,210
Alexandria and Washington Railroad:
Across Long Bridge and approaches 1 200
Alexandria, Londonn and Hampshire Railroad:
Siding at Arlington Mills 800
Orange and Alexandrii| Railroad:
First siding sonth of Alexandria 1,620
Main track on Accotink bridge 140
Track over Pope's Head bridges Nos. 1,2, 8, 4, and 5 580
Track over Bnll Rnn bridge 150
Track over Broad Run bridge 240
Track over Kettle Run bridge 80
Track over Cedar Rnn bridge 175
Total 2,985
Manassas Gkip Railroad :
Main line near Piedmont 8,980
Sidings at Piedmont 1,990
Sidings at Salem 770
Sidings at Rectortown 800
Total 1 1,760
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad :
Siding at Bladensborg 1,850
Point Lookout, Md.:
Siding and tracks for quartermaster 840
♦Omitted.
84
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Winchester and Potomac Railroad : MU««' *"••*-
Main track, from Harper*s Ferry to Stephenfion^s 28 400
Sidings, from Harper*8 Ferry to Stephenson's 2 4,640
Total 80 6,040
Total track laid during the year 74 140
[Table No. 12.]
MILITARY RAILROADS OF VIRQINIA.
Trestle bridges built during year ending June SO.
Height.
Armv Line :
Pitkin SUtion to Humphreys Station .
Patrick Branch
Oregg Branch
Total length
8oath8ide Railroad:
City Point to Burkeville
Petersburg and Richmond Railroad :
Connection at Petersburg
Richmond and Danville Railroad :
Manchester to Danville
Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad :
Sixteen miles from Portsmonth
Winchester and Potomac Railroad :
Total length
Alexandria and Washington Railroad :
Approaches to new Cong Bridge
Orange and Alexandria and Manassas Gap Railroads :
Total length
Total trestle-work bnilt daring the year 13,0
Average ,
31
[July 1, 1865.]
Bvt. Brig. Gen. D. C. McCallum,
General Manager U. S. Military Railroads:
General: As general superintendent of military railroads, Divis-
ion of the Tennessee, I have the honor to submit the following
report:
I succeeded Maj. E. L. Wentz as general superintendent military
railroads, Military Division of the Mississippi in May, 1865. He
succeeded A. Anderson in the same position in November, 1864; so
that I am the third general superintendent who has had charge of
operations in this department during the fiscal year ending June 30,
1865. Not having access to all the annals of my predecessors in
office, I shall find it almost impossible to make a report as minute and
complete as is desirable.
UNION AUTUOBlTlli8.
85
1, 2, 3. On the Ist day of July, 1864, the length of railroads then
ill operation which came afterward under my direction was as follows:
TU1» of ndlriMd-
NMlnrUto and Chat-
lfuliTlE*aBd Deca-
VMhvllIe and North
westom.
KaahTilla and Ken-
lock J •
Wcotrern and Atlan-
tto.
KiBgaton Braaoh .
East Tonnoasee and
Dafton Bianeh . .
Now naed aa IT. S. mllituj
railroad line*.
NaahvOto and Chat-
tanooga K. B. Co.
TenoeaMO and Ala-
bama R. U. Co.:
Central Sonthem
R. B.Co.: Teunee-
Central R. R. Co.
NaahriUe and North
«rMtem R,R.Cu.
Edgefield and Ken-
tucky R. R. Co.
Sute of Georgia
.do.
Terminal statione.
EmITc
Virginia. I
RogersTiile Branch
UemphtsandCharlee- 1
East Tenneaaee and
Georgia R. R. Co.
do..
Baat Tenoeaeee and
Virginia R. R. Co.
....do.....
Memphis and Charles-
ton R. R. Co.
noogft.
NaMhville-Decatar.'
NaehTlUe>.Hiok-
man. Ky.
NMbtrille~8 1 n t e
Line.
Chattanooga, Tenn.-
Atlanta,On.
Kingeton.Oa.—
Rome. Oa.
I Chattanooga,Tenn.~
I KnoxTlue.
Clereland, Tenn.—
Dalton. Qa.
KnozTllle, Tena —
BristoirVa.
Junction — Rogers-
▼ille.
Meraphia, Tenn —
Stevf
The whole road.
do
\MUn,
151
190
NaahriUe-^ ohn-
sonTiUe.
47 NaahvUle>'Clarks-
▼ille.
198 CbnttMiooga,Teoa.-
Big Shanty, Qa.
17 I Kingston, Ga.—
Rmne.Ga.
112
27
130
15
271
Chattanoogn, Tenn.
KnosTille. I
Cleraland, Tenn.—
Dalton. Oft.
Not in I
78
61
107
17
112
27
During July and August, 1864, the advance of General Sherman's
army gave us the remainder of the Western and Atlantic Railroad
from Big Shanty, 107 miles from Chattanooga, to Atlanta, 138 miles
from Chattanooga, to which place we ran early in September, 1864.
Some of the roads in use at the beginning of the fiscal year were
abandoned as they became useless for military operations, and others
from time to time added, until the end of the year, June 30, 1865,
found us in possession and operating the following roads, viz:
Prior
lo the war.
Now nsed as IT. S. m
railroad lines.
ilitary
Title of railroad.
f
1
Original ownera.
Terminal atatioua.
MiUt.
JfClM.
Kathfille nnd Chat-
NaahriUe and Chat
NaahTiUe-Chatta-
151
The whole road
151
HaahTilie nnd Deca
tanooga B. R. C4>.
Tenneaaee and Ala-
nooga.
Naahvill»-Decatnr.
120
do
190
tnr.
bama R. R. Co.;
Central Southern
1
R. R. Co. ; Tennea-
aea and Alabama
i
Central R. R. Co.
NaabTille and North
Naahrille and North-
Naahrille-. Hi ok.
Naahrilto^John-
n
weatem
western R. R. Co.
man. Ky.
sonrilla.
Naahville and Ken-
Bdgefleld and Ken- NaahTilie-Sute
47
Naahrille -Spring-
28
tucky.
tacky R. R. Co. | Line.
t field.
Western and Allan
Stat** of Georgia Chattanooga — A t -
138
Chattanooga— A t-
138
IH.
lanta. Ga.
lanu.
Kingston Branch .
' do
Kingston-Rome,
Ga.
17
Kingaion— Rome...
17
'
86 CORRESPONDENCE, KTC.
!>_{-, *_ __, Now used as U. 8. militju-y
Prior to w«r. | railroad liDe..
Title of railroad.
Original owners. Terminal statiouR. ^ ■ Terminal atationa.
Baat Tennessee and ' East Tennessee and Chattanooga- Knox- 112 1 Cliattanooga— Knos-
Goorgia. Georgia R. R. Co. ville. ville.
DftlUm Branch do Cleveland—Dalton, 27 I Cleveland— Dalton..
I G»- . '
! iCut. TAnn«MM AnH Kooxville— Bristol . . 130 . Knoxrille— Carter's
Station.
MUes.
112
27
110
East Tennessee and East Tennessee and
Virginia. | Virginia R. R. Co.
Ri^FBTiUe Branch do
Memphis and Charles- Memphis and Charles- ' McmphiH —Steven- 271 Decatur— Stevenson 81
ton. ton R. R. Co.
Junction — Rogers- l") Junction — Rogers- 15
ville. ville. !
As a general summary of this item of report it will be sufficient to
say that there were in use July 1, 1864, 754 miles of road, and at the
end of the fiscal year 877 miles, showing a gain of 123 miles during
the year.
4. To meet the demand for the increased necessities of the anny of
Greneral Sherman and supply the parts depending npon the military
railroads for supplies, and to fcirward the great accession of troops in
this department and transport to the rear the sick and wounded, and
near the close of the fiscal year to transjwrt the immense army back
on their way to points of muster out, and send the refugees who
during the winter had been dispatched to the rear again over our
roads to their former homes, we have purchased from manufacturers
sixty-two new engines and captured from the enemy three, adding
thus sixty-five efficient engines to the numl>er in use at the close of
the last fiscal year.
SUMMARY.
Locomotives reported June 30, 1864 loO
Purchased during the fiscal year 62
Captured from the enemy 3
Total June 30, 1865 215
5. There were purchjised during the same period 080 lx>x-cars and
397 flat-cars, thus adding 1,380 freight-cars to those in use June 30,
1864.
SUMMARY.
Freight-cars reported June 30. 1864 l,4r)2
Added during fiscal year 1 , 3S6
Total 2,8;38
6. I submit heix^with the reiK^rt of th(» auditor,* showing that the
average number of men employed in the entire department during
the fiscal year was 13,043, at an average exiKMise of 8770,044.85 per
month, making the total expense for emploves in the entire depart-
ment $0,355,738.21.
7. The report of the auditor of all accounts audited and prepared
for payment during each month of the fiscal year is herewith sub-
mitted': Average amount, $040,734.05; total, $11,288,819.78.
• Omitte*!.
UNION AUTHORITIES.
87
Stores and troops were transported from Nashville at the following
rate per month :
Mootb.
July
Aaciui
Septamber.
October....
Not ember .
Jeouary.
Febnurr.
March.
^.
Care,
atoree.
8,208
8,186
2,808
8,806
1,871
880
2,420
2,415
2,180
2,830
1,035
Care, Care, Total I
troopa. ' empty, care. |
Storea.
Jn»e ' 2,877 |
325
144 I
588
1.240 ,
137 1
346 •
300,
588 I
330
406 I
288
1,061
1,800
1,307
783
470
854
106
738
1,020
244
I
3,608
3,773
3,023
5,080 I
4.227 j
1,280 !
3,245
3,688
2,052
8,707
3,361
8,807
Total 20.056' 5,878 I 8,882'43,411
Torn.
25,884
25,828
21,584
20,864
13.868
2.880
10,860
10.320
17.852
21,112
15.480
21,416
Number
of troope.
18,000
10,100
10,207
81,150
85,450
8,850
17,800
10,060
24.400
18.500
20.300
34,410
232,448 1 283, n6
The foregoing is the business ordered by Capt. S. B. Brown, and
embraces nothing of the large business done by the Quartermaster's
Department in Chattanooga, Huntsville, Knoxville, and Atlanta,
sending the army over portions of our road and finally dispatching
it back to Nashville when mustered out of service.
Daring the fiscal year the following monthly report will show the
actual number of cars moyed upon the roads centering in Nashville:
MoDtb.
July
Aufoet ...
September
October...
November.
December.
Jaonary ..
1864
1864
1664
1861
1864
J864
1865
4,618
4,781 ;
4.384
6,225
4,764 •
1.754
4,571 I
I
1
4.403 I 0,111
4,744 I 0.525
4,058
6,031
5.580
1,622
4,271
8,442
12,256
10.833 I
8,376 I
8,842 l'
Month.
Febmary .
liarch ....
April
May
Jane
Total.
1865
1865
1865
J8S6
1865
I
t
I I
4,710
8,000
5,110
4.118
4,437
.! 53,457
4.718
4,840 I
6.381 I
4.584
4.703
I
0,428
8,338
10,441
8,007
0.280
54.563 108,020
Making a total of 108,020 cars actually forwarded and received at
this station. The order of General Sherman of April 10, 1864, stop-
ping all travel on private account over military roads was in fuU
force until December, 1864.
In December, 1864, and again in March, 1865, these orders were so
far modified as to allow passengers and freight to be carried when not
interfering with the business of the Government. The receipts from
the express company, private freights, and passengers during the
fiscal year are as follows, viz:
MfiDth.
S.?i^" Froigbt. I Paewneere.
1864. )
1
Jnly ! 017,880.22
Aofnet ; 11,756.52
September 7,381.44
Octobv 7,57a 06
Xerember 7,075.53
December 8,246.64
82,062.11
235.60
2,800.00
6,041.80
ToUl.
$17,880.32
13,818.88
7.617.04
10,378.06
14,017.38
8,246.64
88
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
1805.
January . .
Febmary .
March....
April
nSiy
Jun«
$16,748.98
25,278.30
17,604.09
17,373.99
17,228.04
27,675.41
$4,970.34
570. 16
09.65
9,885.33
15,792.88
27,321.96
$4,719.40
25,250.50
18.042.75
20.231.00
44.146.65
56. 150. 67
$26,138.72
51,098.95
35.746.49
47,490.32
77, 167. 57
111,14B.04
Total.
177,236.22 69,479.82 . 168.540.97 ; 415,257.01
CARE OF ROAD.
The repairs of the 877 miles of road was continued from last year.
The Nashville and Chattanooga line has been made new for its whole
length — cross-ties and T-iron substituted for the U-iron and string-
ers— so that from one of the worst and least available it has become
one of the best under my control. Large additions have been made
to the yard at Nashville, at Decherd, and Stevenson. Side-tracks to
lumber yard, Government saw-mills, &c., have rendered the work of
keeping all the different departments of the railroad service in efficient
operation much easier. To complete and keep in repair the track
upon this long line of road there has been purchased 777,879 cross-ties,
104,100 feet switch timber, and 38^ sets switch ties, the total cost of
which, delivered upon the lines of road where needed, has been
$414,727.15. During the year the number of tons of new iron has
been 7,833.3. This has been distributed as follows:
Tons.
Upon the Nashville and Chattanooga line 3,922.9
Tennessee and Alabama line 445. 9
Edgefield and Kentucky line 113.4
Nashville and Northwestern . 25. 8
Memphis and Charleston - 67. 8
Yard, Nashville and Decherd 28. 7
Shipped to Captain Starkweather, assistant quartermaster, for use below
Cnattanooga 1,674.7
Shipped to W. W. Wright 1,484.7
Shipped to Captain Parks, Memphis - 71 . 4
Total
7.833.3
CARE OF BRIDGES.
On the Nfishville and Decatur Railroad line 8,000 feet of trestle
bridges have been constructed during the year. With the exception
of the high trestle-work in Nashville, the high watera of 1864 carried
out all the bridges once, and many of them twice; while in Hood's
movements upon Nashville in December, 18C4, they were destroyed
by fire the same number of times. In addition to this temporary
rebuilding of these bridges with trestle-work, 2,145 feet of bridges
upon this line have l>een permanently built by contractors— Post,
Skidmore & Co. and Boomer & Co. — with Howe's truss and McCallum
bridges.
XASHVILLE AND CHATTANOOGA.
On the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad line 4,250 feet of bridges
have been built in a temporary manner, }'et intended to be permanent.
UNION AUTHORITIKS.
89
In September, 1864, Wheeler destroyed by fire bridge No. 7, 300 feet
long. In December, in Hood's raid, bridges Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 12
were destroyed by fire, and these have been permanently rebuilt. By
high water and the enemy the bridges named have been destroyed,
some twice and some three times, and as often rebuilt.
WATER-TANKS.
On the Nashville and Decatur line nine water-tanks were con-
stmcted complete. On the Nashville and Chattanooga line forty-five
water-tanks were constructed. There has been laid nearly five miles
of new water pipe to make the water stations complete. The exact
figures are 24,660 feet. On the Chattanooga and Knoxville, Chatta-
nooga and Atlanta, and Knoxville and Bristol lines twenty-five new
and complete water stations have been built, and nine of these are
fitted with water wheels, which render them self-acting and complete
in every respect. On the Nashville and Chattanooga line near 115
miles of main line and side-tracks have been relaid with new ties, new
iron, and ballast.
CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS.
The large machine, pattern, and repair shops alluded to in the last
yearly report and the roundhouse for the large number of engines
then projected have been completed during the year. R. H. Nagle,
master carpenter, has built two machine-shops.
Kind of bolldingt.
Length.
Width.
Feet.
Feet.
196
88
80
66
100
48
450
6S
an
b86
200
40
05
40
60
n
160
36
175
86
705
201
72
40
66
20
M
26
88
18
46
86
Height.
KiohliiB iihiip
....do :.
Pslteim shop.......
Blookamith and boiler shop .
Bonndhoaee
Cvpeofeer shop
Tin shop
Copper shop
Hospital bnildiiigs
'^ ' niissler'somoe....
foraoditor
Ofltoe master maohinist. .
Ofltoe master oarponter. .
U. S. prlntiDg iflloe
2 stories.
Do.
Do.
1 story.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
2 stories.
Do.
8 stories.
1 story.
2 atories.
aStslls.
bhaag'
In addition to these buildings, sixty-nine mess-houses, fitted with
bunks, benches, and tables for the comfoi*t of the men employed, were
erected. In addition to the various platforms along the line of the
Nashville and Northwestern Railroad, and at Nashville, for the con-
venient loading of freight and troops and animals, there were built
at Decherd one roundhouse with twelve stalls 60 feet long; one black-
smith shop 60 by 30 feet; one car shop 66 by 35 feet, besides fifteen
buildings used as mess-houses, offices, and depot buildings, varying
from 20 by 40 to 20 by 80 feet. In addition to these buildings all the
desks, cases, Ac, needed by all the officers of the military railroads
were constructed by this department. To complete this work there
90 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
were ased 4,216,203 feet of lamber; 1,312 kegs of nails; 1,442 locks,
with the hinges, screws, 4^c., to make the work complete. In addi-
tion to the. above work the carpenter force under Mr. Nagle has
assisted in all emergencies in rebuilding bridges, getting out bridge
and block-house timbers, A;c., building 4,500 feet of bridges on the
various lines, and hewing and preparing in the woods 1,000,519 feet
of square timber suitable for bridges and buildings. The construc-
tion of these buildings for offices and mess-houses and accommoda-
tions for the men employed upon the railroad work was rendered
indispensable by the impossibility of procuring any accommodations
at all for the large number of men thus brought together in Nashville
in the Government service. In the last annual report it was stated
that until February, 1864, no provisions had been made for the repairs
of cars. This department had to be created. Under the thorough and
efficient supervision of George Herrick the necessary buildings were
beg^n and completed which has rendered this one of the most perfect
establishments in the country. The buildings so completed during
the fiscal year are one car shop, 202 by 77 and 23 high, with skylights
above the square throughout its whole length; one machine and
blacksmith shop, 126 by 47 and 23 high, vrith skylights and blinds
through its whole length. There is a wing to this shop 55 by 35 and
17 high with ventilator and boiler room att.ached, 35 by 18; one paint
shop, 112 by 47 and 23 high, with skylights similar to those before men-
tioned; one brick dry-house, 40 by 15 and 17 high, which has been
partially rebuilt a second time; one coal house, 20 by 35 and 8 high;
one iron store-house, 14 by 20 and 16 high; one house for oil, waste,
and tools, 18 by 40 and 8 high; one building, 20 by 50, for storage of
coke and sand; eight mess-houses, fitted with bunks and all complete
for the men, have also been erected. This, as before stated, was
indispensable, as no accommodations could possibly be secun^ for
the men. The necessary masonry, grading, and ballasting the
grounds, yards, and track, through the repair-shop grounds, has been
a large but necessary part of the work of preparing these shops for
efficient service.
At Decatur Junction houses and shops were erected suitable to work
100 men. During Hood's raid upon the city in December, 1864, these
were all nearly destroyed by our own forces, and had to be replaced
by this department. At Johnsonville provision was made for shops,
mess-houses, Ac. , to work twenty-five to forty men. At Taylor depot,
en Broad street, accommodations were provided to work twenty-five
to fifty men. The shops at Chattanooga have been made efficient, an
engine house erected, and other necessary improvements made. The
same has been done at Knoxville and Stevenson. In the machine
shop at Nashville 916 men have been employed on the average monthly
during the fiscal year. During that year 5,571 orders have been filled
for light repairs on engines, involving many hours' work of skillful
mechanics. Fifty-four engines were received in the shop for general
repairs; three engines were completed that were being rebuilt. Ten
thousand six hundred and ten days of common labor were performed
in the shops and yards; 4,035 days of machinist's labor were performed
upon shops, tools, &c. ; 1,914 on track and bridge repairs; 369 on setting
up new engines, while 620 days of common labor was employed during
the same time upon setting up new engines. In December 979 men
worked twelve days upon the fortifications, while the city was threat-
ened by Geneml Hood. During the fiscal year the shops in Nashville
have been entirely built. Two powerful engines, with all the shaft-
UNION AUTHORITIES. 91
ing necessary to drive the tools used, have been set np. Boom to
hoose twenty-seven engines for repairs, erecting shop large enough to
rebuild twenty engines, room to house forty-five engines, with pattern
shops, blacksmith shops, carpenter shops, and offices in proportion —
all these have been made new and complete in every respect. The
grading of the yards and assistance in erecting these structures has
been done by the common laborers in the num&rs above enumerated.
CAR REPAIRS.
The work accomplished in the car repair department has been large
and thorough. Mr. Herrick perfected a wrecking car which enabled
him to clear and pick up a wrecked train very speedily. This train
has picked up 530 wrecked freight-cars and 16 wrecked engines since
January 1, 1865, and brought them to Nashville for repairs. During
the remainder of the fiscal year nearly as many more were also saved.
During the same period this train has picked up and brought in from
trains destroyed by fire, 294 car-loads of wheels, axles, bridge irons
and railroad iron along the lines of road centering in Nashville.
Most of these wrecks were caused by guerrillas placing obstructions
upon the track or displacing rails. The car department has worked
an average force of nearly 800 men x>cr month during the year. This
force, in addition to the buildings erected and completed during the
fiscal year before described, have repaired and rebuilt during the last
six months of the year at Nashville, Chattanooga, Huntsville, Steven-
son, Johnsonville, and Clarksville, 13,429 cars, and during the first six
months more than half as many more, making a total of 20,000 cars
rexMiired, rebuilt, and fitted for hospital and troop cars during the
year. The amount of material cast in the iron and brass foundry
during the last six months of the year was 1,053,945 pounds iron
castings, 46,139 pounds brass castings, making an average -per month
of 175,000 pounds of iron and 7,500 pounds of brass castings. This
is too large an average for the whole fiscal year, though it is believed
that 225,000 pounds of iron and 10,000. pounds of brass castings per
month will not be too large. It is impossible to condense and specify
the amount of work done upon the long lines of roads centering in
Nashville so as to show what has actually been done. The emlargen-
cies of military service have often allowed no time for proper orders
of transportation of troops, stores, refugees, prisoners, &c., to be
issued, so that many hundred trains have been run and many thou-
sands of troops and refugees carried for which we have no credit.
The work has been done in the midst of war, running through a coun-
try filled with enemies, so that the ordinary risks of railroad man-
agement have been enormously increased and the expenses largely
extended. But in the midst of all this danger the coolness, bravery,
and daring of the men in every department, from the highest official
to the humblest laborers, have been worthy of praise. At the close of
this fiscal year it gives me great pleasure to state that throughout
the whole length of the lines of military railroads controlled and oper-
ated by me there is every facility to i)erf orm well and efficiently every
duty that may be required. The roads are in first-i*ate order, the
bridges for the most part are permanent structures of the best
description, and the water stations in perfect order. The amount of
rolling-stock is sufficient for all work required, and in good order.
The machine-shops and repair-shops are as complete as could be
desired.
92 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
I cannot close this imperfect and desultory report without express-
ing my obligations to the following gentlemen for the zeal, fidelity,
and intelligence with which they have co-operated with me on all
occasions in their departments of duty: J. B. Van Dvne, assistant
superintendent; George H. Hudson, superintendent; A. W. Dicker-
son, W. R. Gifford, A. J. Cheeney, W. W. Tuttle and A. Watts, in the
freight department; Col. John C. Meginnis, general engineer district;
Stephen Hobbs, engine dispatcher; J. W. Wallace, engine dispatcher;
John Trenbath, auditor; GeorgeHerrick, superintendent car repairs;
R. H. Nagle, master carpenter; H. Elliott, master machinist; Messrs.
Hebard, Nash, Lyman, Caryl, Craig, Gardiner, Jones, Kingsley, and
Jenkins, in the road repair and bridge repairs. With F. J. Crilly,
the efficient and gentlemanly chief quartermaster of military rail-
roads, my relations have been most pleasant, while the co-opera-
tion of Major-General Thomas, General Donaldson, and Capt. S. B.
Brown has been always harmonious with the railroad authorities.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
W. J. STEVENS,
SuperirUendenty &c.
General Orders, | War Dept., Adjt. General^s Office,
No. 122. { Washington, Jviy 8, 1865,
regimental officers of volunteers on detached service to
join their proper commands.
I. With the exceptions hereinafter enumerated, the following is
ordered:
1. All commissioned officers of volunteers, for both white and col-
ored regiments or independent* companies, now absent on detached
service from their commands and not on duty within their proper
armies or departments, will proceed forthwith to join their respective
regiments and companies.
2. Hereafter no commissioned regimental officer of volunteers will
be placed on duty or transferred thereon out of the army or depart-
ment in which his regiment may be serving.
The exceptions authorized under the foregoing are as follows:
1. Officers on duty mustering out and discharging the volunteer
forces.
2. Aides-de-camp to general officers on duty commanding troops.
3. Officers on courts-martial or military commissions and those on
duty in the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands
under direct orders from the War Department, Adjutant-General's
Office.
n. All enlisted men absent on detached service from their regi-
ments or companies and outside the armies or departments in which
the same may be serving will at once be sent to join their respective
commands, unless they are absent therefrom by orders from the head-
quarters of a milit^iry division or superior authority.
III. Commanding generals of departments and armies are charged
with the prompt execution of this order, and upon its provisions being
fully complied with will report the fact to the Adjutant-Greneral of
the Army.
UNION AUTHORITIBS. 93
IV. No ct'iomissioiied ofQcer or enlisted man absent in violation of
this order nv'l be paid outside of the army or department in which his
regiment or company may be serving.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant AdjiUant-Qeneral,
Circular) War Dept., Adjutant-General's Office,
No. 31. ) WashingUm, Jvly 8, 1866.
ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS RELATIVE TO THE MUSTER OUT OF CER-
TAIN VOLUNTEER WHITE TROOPS.
Veterans in the Army of the Tennessee, and Provisional Corps,
Army of the Potomac, and, thereafter, all remaining volunteers
in the said commands.
War Department, Adjutant-General'^ Office,
Washington, July 1, 1866.
Maj. Oen. John A. Logan. U. S. Volanteers,
Commanding Army of the Tenneuet^ IxntisviUe, Ky.:
The Secretary of War directs that the remaining veteran re^ments of your
command be mastered ont tinder the same conditions and regulations as the 15.000
men ordered discharged by the telegraphic instmctions from this office of the
22d instant. (See circular No. 28, current series. )
Please acknowledge receipt of this and forward without delay a list of the
additional regiments, giving therein, for each, the strength, present and absrat,
respectively.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant Adiutant-Qeneral.
CiBCULAR.l War Department, Adjutant-Qeneral^s Office,
Washington, Jvly i, 1866.
Xaj. Gen. H. G. Wright,
Commanding Provisional Corps, Army of the Potomac :
The Secretary of War directs that all veteran regiments of your command be
mustered out of service. The muster out will be by entire organizations, includ-
ing all additions by recruits and from other sources. The musters out, dis-
charges, and payments will be made under the regrulations promulgated in
Gtooeral Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office.
PleBse acknowledge receipt of this and forward without delay a list of the
regiments, giving therein, for each, the strength, present and absent, respectively.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant Adjutant-Oeneral,
Telegram.] Headquarters Armies of the United States,
Washinaton, July 6, 1866.
Kajor-Cteneral Looan,
Louisville, Ky.:
Under the last order >ou may muster out of service all that remains of the
Army of the Tennessee remaining under your command.
U. S. GRANT,
Lieutenant'Oeneral.
War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
Washington, July 7, 1866.
Maj. Gen. John A. Logan,
Commanding Army of the Tennessee, Louisville, Ky.:
In discharging the remainder of your army, as directed by the telegraphic
orders of yesteraav from Lieutenant-General Grant, the musters out, discharges,
and payments will be made under the regulations promulgated in General
Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office.
94 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Please forward to this office without delay a list of the regiments and inde-
pendent companies to be discharged nnder the order, giving therein, for each, the
strength, present and absent, respectively. So soon as the list is completed inform
me by telegraph of the number, present and absent, for the respective States.
Please acknowledge receipt of this.
By order of the Secretary of War :
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant Adf^utant-OenerdL
War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
WcLshington, July 7, 1S6S.
Maj. Gen. H. G. Wright, U. S. Volunteers,
Commanding Provisional Corps:
General: The Secretary of War directs that all the remaining volunteer trooi»
of your command be mustered out of service. The musters out, dischai^^es, and
Siyments will be made under the regulations promulgated in General Orders, No.
^current series, from this office.
Please acknowled^ the receipt of this and forward without delay a list of
the organizations, giving therein, for each, the strength, present and absent,
respectively.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
THOBIAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant Adf^utant-Oeneral.
Memoranda.— See G^eneral Orders, No. 116, of June 17, for the discharge of
certain enlisted men of the Veteran Reserve Corps.
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant A^tUant- General.
Washington, July 17, 1865,
Maj. Gen. George G. Meade,
Eighteenth and Delancy Place:
Send staff officers to each, Virginia, North Carolina, and South Caro-
lina, and direct the muster out of all cavalry that can be dispensed
with, and the sale of their horses when dismounted. When it is nec-
essary to retain cavalry for want of other troops, dismount them and
have their horses sold, except the actual number of mounted men
required. A few hundred mounted men in each State I would think
the greatest abundance. Order also the muster out of all cavalry
possible to dispense with in the other departments of your command.
The horses to be turned over to quartermasters and reported to the
Quartermaster-General. Request department commanders to report
the number of men and horses disposed of under this order.
U. S. GRANT,
Lieutenant- General.
Circular) War Dept., Adjutant-General's Office,
No. 33. ) Washington, July 18, 1866.
regulations under which officers of mustered-out regi-
ments CAN receive final PAYMENTS.
(Extracts from t«Iegram« nod clrculftm to chief niOBterlng oflloen of States.)
I. Officers of mnstered-oat regiments can he paid on the certificate of the
mustering officer that they have rendered all required returns and accounts, and
on their affidavits that they are not indebted to the Government.
UMION AUTHORITIES 96
In the abaence of other evidence (certificates or statements from the supply
departments concerned, retained papers, &c.) relative to the rendition of the
said papers, the War Department has anthorized the affidavit of the mustered-
out officer concerned to oe received as evidence, and mustering officers can base
thereon their certificates relative to the rendition of returns and accounts.
n. Mustering officers are not required to examine accounts of officers and give
them certificates of non-indehtedness. The settlement of accounts belongs to the
Treasury Dejiartment.
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant- Oeneral.
General Orders, ) War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 127. i Washington, July 21, 1865.
Ordered J That a bureau be organized in the Adjutant-General's
Office for the collection, safe-keeping, and publication of the rebel
archives that have come into possession of this Government, the
bureau to consist of one chief, with the pay of a colonel of cavalry,
and one assistant, with the pay of a lieutenant-colonel of cavalry,
and such number of clerks, to be detailed by the Adjutant-General,
as may be found necessary for the speedy collection of the archives.
Dr. Francis Lieber is hereby appointed chief of said bureau, and the
Quartermaster-General is directed to furnish suitable apartments and
buildings for the collation and custody of the archives mentioned.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant- Oeneral.
[July 22, 1865. — For General Grant's official report covering oper-
ations from March, 1864, to May, 1866, see Series I, Vol. XXXVI,
Parti, p. 12.]
Circular 1^ War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 36. \ Washington, July 22, 1865.
ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS RELATIVE TO THE MUSTER OUT OF CER-
TAIN VOLUNTEER CAVALRY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA,
DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA, AND MIDDLE DEPARTMENT;
ALSO CERTAIN VOLUNTEER INFANTRY AND ARTILLERY IN OTHER
DEPARTMENTS.
I. Cavalry.
Telegram.] War Department, Adjutant-Generals Office,
Washington y July fi, 1865.
Maj. Gen. A. H. Terry. U. S. Volunteers.
Commanding Department of Virginia, Richnumd, Va.:
The Secretary of War directs that the volunteer cavalry forces in your depart-
ment be reduced to two re^ments of maximum strength. The musters out of
the surplus will be by entire regiments, and the said musters, discharges, and
payments made under the regulations promulgated in General Orders, No. 94,
current aeries, from this ofiBce.
96 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Please forward to this office without delay a list of the regiments yoa may
select for discharge under this order, giving therein for each the strength, preeent
and absent, respectively.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant Adjutawt-OenerdL
Note.— Similar orders sent to the commanding general Department of North
Carolina to reduce the cavalry in that department to one regiment, and to the
commanding general Middle Department to reduce tlie caval^ in West Virgii^
to one regiment.
II. Infantry and artillery (whose services are no longer needed)
ordered mustered out under special instructions, of dates set opposite
the organizations respectively:
Pennsylvania, — Two hundred and second Infantry, July 20,
Delaware. — ^Ahl's Independent Battery, July 20.
Tennessee. —Fourth Infantry, July 20, 1865.
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Ac^jtUant- General,
Circular) War Dept., Adjutant General's Office,
No. 36. J WashingUnty July 26, 1866.
By an act of the Legislature of the State of Minnesota, approved
September 27, 1862, the right to vote for certain State ofi&cera is given
to volunteers or soldiers from that State in the military service of the
United States, and provision is made for the appointment of com-
missioners to the regiments of Minnesota Volunteers for the purpose
of carrying out this act. It is hereby ordered that all such duly
accredited commissioners from Minnesota be furnished with proper
facilities for visiting the volunteers from that State, and allowed
access to them for the purpose indicated.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjvlard-Oeneral,
Circular j^ War Dept., Adjutant-General's Office,
No. 39. J Washington, August 2, 1866.
ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS RELATIVE TO THE MUSTER OUT OF CER-
TAIN VOLUNTEER WHITE TROOPS, VIZ, INFANTRY, CAVALRY, AND
ARTILLERY, IN THE DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, AND ARTILLERY AND
CAVALRY IN OTHER DEPARTMENTS.
I. Troops in Department of Texas.
TsLEORAM.] War Department, Aixjutant-Gekbral's Oppice,
Washington^ August 1, 18S6.
Maj. Oen. P. H. Sheridan, U. S. Army,
Commanding Military Division of the OtUf, New Orleans, La.:
Yon are anthorized hy the Secretary of War to cause all volxmteer white
troops— cavalry, infantry, and artillery— serving in the I>ex>artment of Texas,
that yon think can be dispensed with, to be mastered out of service.
The mnsters ont will be by entire organizations, inclndin^ all additions thereto
by recruits and from other sources. In selecting the organizations for discharge
preference should ge pven to veteran regiments naving tne shortest time to serve.
The musters out, discharges, and payments will be made under the regulations
inromu^ted in General Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office, except
that officers and men who desire to receive their discharges and payments at the
rendezvous where mustered out will be x^ermitted to do so.
Please forward to this office without delay a list of the regiments and inde-
pendent companies you may select for discharge under this order, giving tlierein
UNION AUTHOBITIB8. 97
for each the strength, present and absent, respeotively. So soon as the list is
completed, inform me oy telegraph of the nnmber, present and absent, for the
respectiTe States.
Separate lists of those who may desire to receive their discharges and iMtymants
at 1& rendesYons for mnster out shonld be placed in the huids of the chief
paymaster, so that he can at once make arrangements for payments.
Acknowledge receipt of this.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Astistant Atffutant-Otneral,
II. Cavalry and artillery (whose services are no longer needed)
ordered mustered out under special instructions, of dates set opposite
the organizations respectively :
Netv For^.— Seventh Artillery (Battalion), July 24, 1866; Second
Provisional Cavalry, July 23, 1865.
Pennsylvania, — Second Provisional Cavalry, July 23, 1865; One
hundred and eighty-seventh Infantry, July 24, 1865.
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistani Ad jtUarU- General.
State of Iowa, Adjutant-General's Office,
Clinton, August 9, 1866.
Col. T. M. Vincent,
Assistant Adjuiant-Getieral, WashingtoHy^ D. C:
Colonel: I have the honor to transmit you exhibit of men fur-
nished by Ipwa for three-months' term of service (4,816), for which as
yet the State has not been allowed credit. All the men raised for the
term of one and two years, except drafted and substitutes, have been
heretofore reported on the regular monthly exhibits forwarded from
this office.
In addition to the 4,816 three-months* men now reported, the State
has furnished men for which no credit has been given, as follows:
Not allowed on report of July 30, 1865 779
Not allowed reported from this office from Octolier 1 , 1864, to May 20, 1865 172
Not allowed men in Wisconsin regiments 100
Not aUowed men in Dakota regiments 16
Not yet reported to yonr office :
Men in Illinois regiments 465
Men in Kansas regiments 186
Men in Nebraska regiments 177
Total three-years' men 1,8W
Total two-years' men embraced in reports of January, Febmary, and
March, 1864 6
One-year's men reported from October 1, 1864, to May 20, 1865, not yet
acknowledge 7,4©5
Eqnal to 2,397 three-years' men not yet aUowed.
This statement is based on the assumption that all the men
acknowledged by your Department were counted as for three-years'
term, and is exclusive of drafted men and substitutes, which class
has not yet been reported to this office by the acting assistant provost-
marshal-general of the State. I have the honor to request that tlie
necessary instructions may be issued directing such a report furnished
with a view to completion of the records of this office and a final
adjustment of quotas and credits.
With great respect, I have the honor to be, truly, yours,
N. B. BAKER,
AdjtUant-Oeneral of Iowa,
7 B B— SKBIES III, VOL. V
98 COKRESPONDBNGBf ETC.
Memorandum.] War Deft., Adjt. General's OimcE,
Washingioriy August 12^ 1866,
It has been decided that the men of the Signal Corps shall be con-
sidered, as regards payment of balance of bounty, on the same footing
as volunteers.
They will therefore be entitled to receive the balance of bounty in
the same way as volunteers under the recent orders for discharge on
account of their services being no longer required.
SAML. BRECK,
Assistant Adjutant' Oeneral.
Circular) War Deft., Adjutant-General's office,
No. 41. f Washington, August 15, 1865,
ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS RELATIVE TO THE MUSTER OUT OF CER-
TAIN VOLUNTEER WHITE TROOPS.
Infantry and heavy artillery in the Middle Department, and Depart-
ments of Washington, Virginia, North Carolina, Kentuckjs and
Mississippi. Also certain infantry, cavalry, and artillery in various
armies and departments.
I. Infantry and heavy artillery in Middle and other departments.
Teleorak.] War Department, Adjutant-General*s Office,
Wcuthingtofiy August 14, 1866,
Maj. Gen. A. H. Terry, U. S. Volunteers,
Commanding Department of Virginia, Richmond, Va,:
The Secretary of War directs that the volunteer white troops-^infantry and
heavy artillery — in your department be reduced immediately by the discharge of
5,000 men. The musters out will be by entire organisations, including all addi-
tions thereto by recruits and from other sources. Organizations having the
shortest time to serve will be selected for discharge. The musters out, discharges,
and payments will be made under the regulations promulgated in General Orders,
No. 94, current series, from this oflBce. *
Please forward to this office without delays list of the regiments and independ-
ent companies you may select for discharge under this order, giving therem for
each the strength, present and absent, respectively.
8o soon as the list is completed inform me by telegraph of the number, present
and absent, for the respective States.
Acknowledge receipt of this.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant Adjutant-General,
Note. — Similar orders, dated August 14, were sent the commanding generals of
the following departments for the discharge of the number of men set opposite
them, respectively, viz: Middle, 6,000; Washmgton, 8,000; Kentucky , 5,000; North
Carolina, 8,000; Mississippi, 2,000.
II. Regiments of infantry, cavalry, and artillery (whose services
are no loDger required) ordered mustered out of service under special
instructions, of dates set opposite them I'espectively:
New York, — Fifteenth Heavy Artillery, August 8, 18G5; Fifth
Infantry, August 9, 1865; Sixty-second Infantry, August 14, 1865;
Sixty-sixth Infantry, August 14, 1865.
Pennsylvania, — One Hundred and eighty-sixth Infantry, August 8,
1865.
Indiana, — Ninth Cavalry, August 10, 1865; Tenth Cavalrv, August
10, 1865.
Memoranda. — August J, ISOo.—Tlw onler of August 2 (Circular
No. 30, current series, Adjutant-Gouenil's Office), relative to discharge
UNION AUTHORITIB8. 99
of troox)B in the Dex>artmeDt of Texas, ^was extended to include the
Department of Louisiana.
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutani-Oeneral.
Chattanooga, Tknn., Augtist 15, 1866.
Brig. Gen. D. C. McCallum,
Director and Oeneral Manaaer Military
Railroads of the United States:
Genebal: In compliance with your order of the 3l8t ultimo, I here-
with transmit a report of operations of the Construction Corps, U. S.
Military Railroads, Division of the Tennessee, from .June 1, 1865
(the date of my last report), to August 1, 1865. At the date of my
former report we had an effective force of 1,200 men, composed of
the First, Seventh, and part of the Fourth Divisions, all of whom
were employed in the reconstruction of the Chattanooga and Atlanta
Railroad, which had been opened at that time to the Etowah River.
From thence to Atlanta, forty-five miles, the road had been totally
destroyed by General Sherman prior to his evacuation of the city.
Upon the completion of the bridge across the Etowah, three spans of
which had been destroyed, the whole of the carpenter force was dis-
tributed along the line and employed in cutting and hauling out
cross-ties. One division of trackmen were employed laying the iron,
whilst another division was clearing off the debris and surfacing up
track, thereby allowing the use of the road as fast as the iron was laid.
I had at the same time a large force of the Seventh Division of track-
men at Chattanooga straightening crooked rails, which were used •
exclusively in laying the track between Etowah to Marietta. We
crossed the Etowah bridge June 5, having been four days rebuilding
it, and reached Allatoona on the morning of the 15th. Upon reaching
this point I sent the bridge force of the First Division ahead to
Allatoona Creek, who by the time we reached it with the track had
the bridge, 200 feet in length, including a truss of 50 feet, completed
and ready for crossing. Reached Acworth on the 20th and turned
the road over to the transportation department, who commenced
operating it at once to that point. Again sent forward the carpenter
force to Big Slianty and points south of it, and whilst a part were
getting out ties another party commenced laying track northward,
thus enabling us to close up the gap of six miles in four days, reach-
ing the latter point on the 24th. Rebuilt water-tank and frame and
put up a pump at Moon Station, two miles north of Big Shanty.
Between Big Shanty and Marietta there was laid by colored troops,
under the direction of General Winslow, commanding at Atlanta,
about three miles of iron which they had gathered up and straight-
ened. It was laid without chairs, and owing to the scarcity of spike
only about one-fourth spiked. Put up a tank, frame, and pump at
Kenesaw Mountain, and reached Marietta on the 29th. From Marietta
to Atlanta, which point we reached on the morning of July 4, the track
had been laid, with the exception of about three miles, by paities
under the direction of General Winslow. There was but little of it
spiked, and few or no chairs on, excepting from the Chattahoochee to
Atlanta. They also built the Chattahoochee bridge, a structure 725
feet in length and 90 feet in height, and a trestle 400 feet in length
around a break in the high embankment near Vining's, caused by the
destruction of a culvert. The expense incurred in building the
Chattahoochee bridge, the trestle at Vining's, and laying some
100
COBBEBPOHDBNCE, ETC.
eighteen miles of track, in addition to the labor of troops, was as
follows:
Co6t of bridffe, as per settlement of Gtoneral Winslow with Qrant & Co. , baUdera,
and approved oy G^eral Wilson :
725 feet (lineal) of bridginjj, at $11 per foot $7,975
Amount dne for track laying, as per check rolls, approved as above 7, 187
Amotmt of work done at culvert near Vining's, approved as above 528
Totalamount 15,670
The above amount ($15,670) I think is justly chargeable to construc-
tion, and would therefore respectfully recommend its payment. The
work was done by order of Major-General Wilson, commanding
Cavalry Corps in Georgia, and at a cost less perhaps than we could
have done it ourselves, besides very materially expediting the com-
pletion of the road.
At Atlanta we have put down extensive side-tracks, amounting in
the aggregate to over three miles, and have erected a large freight
platform 400 feet in length by 30 in width, with a shed roof over part
of it. Upon the completion of the road to Atlanta, and after having
put the track in a thorough condition, I again commenced a reduc-
tion of the corps, which at this date amounts to but little over 200
men. With the small bridge force retained, I am putting the Howe
truss bridge, ordered for Allatoona Creek a year ago, and stored at
Chattanooga, across the chasm in the bank, near Vining's, produced
by the destruction of the culvert before alluded to. The break is
upward of 100 feet in width and gradually increasing, and the trestle
around it on so insecure a foundation I have thought it advisable to
substitute it with a bridge. The balance of my track force are
gathering up the crooked iron on the Chattanooga and Atlanta road.
Below please find a recapitulation of work done in June and July,
expenditure of material, amount of iron manufactured at rolling-mill,
and amount of pay-rolls for June and July, exclusive of wages paid
at rolling-mill.
Summary of work done on the Chattanooga and Atlanta Railroad
during June and July, 1865: 28 miles of track relaid; 41 miles of track
surfaced and repaired; 525 feet (lineal) of bridging; 42,000 cross-ties
cut and delivered; 3,000 cubic feet of timber cut; 6 water-tanks
erected; 20 switches and frogs put in.
Expenditureof material: 14,794 iron rails (20feet long), 18,000 chairs,
1,140 kegs railroad spike, 60 kegs bridge spike, 20 frogs and switches,
5 water-tanks (complete), 3,000 cubic feet timber, 42,000 cross-ties.
Cost of labor in June and July: Amount of pay-roll for June,
$117,866.91; for July, 176,361.
Report of iron manufactured at U. S. Military Railroad roUing-miil at Chattanooga,
Tenn,, up to July 31, 1866,
Date.
Articles.
To J ane 1,1865 Ifon rails .
ToJoiieaO,18C& do ....
ToJalv31.1885 do....
Totsi.
Hannfao-
land.
PoundM.
2.264.380
1. 156, 292
1.365,100
4,785.712
lasiMd.
POMUdM.
916,026
28.402
Ob hand.
PoundM.
1.S48.294
2.504,588
3,841.194
Tons
Ma&ofactnred to dato 3,196
Issued to date 421
On band to date 1.715
UNION AUTHORITIES. 101
Plans and drawings of the rolling-mill, with an estimate of its
cost, were forwarded to A. Anderson, esq., chief superintendent and
engineer, ten days ago.
I have the honor to he, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
L. H. EICHOLTZ,
Acting Chief Engineer Government Railroads
Division of the Tennessee.
Quartermaster-General's Office,
Washington y I). C, August 21, 1866,
Hon. E. M. Stanton,
Secret ary of War, WashingUmy D. C:
Sir; I have the honor to transmit herewith letter of Brevet Major-
General Webster, dated July 23, 1805, referred for report.
The Quartermaster-General is fully impressed with the importance
of restoring the Southern railroads to civil control. Paragraph II,
General Oniers, No. 77, War Department, April 28, 1865, directed
that all purchases for railroad construction and transportation be
stopped.
This paragraph the Quartermaster-General republished in his Gen-
eral Orders, No. 24, April 29, 1865, calling special attention thereto,
and directed (paragraph Yl) that all railroad construction and repairs,
except those need^ on lines by which troops are still supplied or by
which troops may be marching, will cease.
The Quartermaster-General, on the 19th of May, 18G5, made report
recommending a basis for transfer of railroads to their owners, and in
this report anticipated most of the considerations presented by General
Webster. Reference is respectfully made to that report.*
Orders have been given to the general manager U. S. Military Rail-
roads for the relinquishment of the railroads under his control in
Virginia and North Carolina and in the Southwest; and on the 1st of
August, 1865, a recommendation was forwarded to the War Depart-
ment that two roads, reported by General McCallum as the only ones
in his control of which the transfer had not been ordered, should be
also ordered to be turned over.
The railroads in the Military Division of the Gulf not having l)eeii
under control of General McCallum, the chief quartermaster of that
division has been instructed to turn these over to parties approved
by the general commanding.
Orders, therefore, have been given for the transfer to their com-
panies of all railroads in military possession as soon as parties quali-
fied and willing to assume chai^ of them present themselves.
Specific instructions from the Secretary of War or from the
lieutenant-general to the military commanders of departments and
districts urging upon them the importance of transferring all these
railroads to their civil managers, and directing them to communicate
with the civil authorities and endeavor t'O eifect this transfer in all
cases, would probably hasten the event.
Upon return from a short absence on duty in Missouri the Quarter-
master-General found that the great lines of railroads diverging from
Nashville, though ordered to be turned over under authority of the
Secretary of War dated July 21, 1865, were still under Government
control, and he is informed that no responsible parties have as yet
See p. 26.
102 C0BEE8K)NDENCE, ETC.
qualified themselves to take charge of them. Probably Major-General
Thomas, if his attention is directed to the urgent importance of the
subject by. the Secretary of War or by the lieutenant-general, may
be able to induce the representatives of the owners of the roads to
qualify themselves to take charge of them.
Schedules of all rolling-stock and railroad equipment the property
of the United States are being prepared with a view to their sale.
The sale of much railroad property in Virginia and at several
other points has been already advertised.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
M. C. MEIGS,
Quartermaster' Oeneral^ Brevet Major- Oener ah
[InelMure.]
Macon, Ga., Jidy 2S, 1866.
Lieut. Gen. U. S. Grant,
Comdg. Armies of the United States, Washington^ 2). C;
General: I deem it my duty to earnestly recommend that the
railroads now operated by the United States be turned over to their
respective companies so soon as (1) those companies shall elect offi-
cers and directors who can be relied on as thoroughly loyal to the
Government, and (2) the accounts between the railroads and the
Gk>vernment can be properly adjusted.
Although, as I have heretofore said, the roads might be economic-
ally and advantageously operated by the Government, it -is yet not
likely that, as a matter of fact, they will be so operated, and conse-
quently they should be given up at the earliest moment that the two
above specified conditions can be fulfilled.
In the meantime, the United States ought not to be at the expense
of putting the roads in thorough reimir merely for the benefit of the
comiMinies. All work on track or bridges b^ond what is absolutely
necessary for the safety of trains should be discontinued. All repairs
to locomotives and cars to which the companies have any claim should
be stopped at once, as should also the running of the rolling-mill at
Chattanooga.
The proper adjustment of accounts between the Government and
the roads will require a good deal of consideration. Some of the
roads have been put by the Government in a much better condition
than they were before it took possession. It will not be right to give
them, without i)ay, the advantage of thorough repairs, new iron,
permanent bridges, Ac. If they claim compensation for the use of
their roads, it is sufficient to answer that in the early stages of the
war they voluntarily and zealously aided the enemy, furnishing them
not only with the great * * interior lines " of communication and supply,
of which all have heard so much, but with knowing heads and ready
hands to operate them. Their able railroad men were of more serv-
ice to the rebels than many of their general officers. No claim of
theirs for pay or damages should be entertained a moment. It is
only necessary to find out how much they are fairly indebted to the
United States. To do this, the disbursing officers should be called
on for reports of expenditures for permanent improvements.
Of course it will be necessary, previous to relinquishing the roads,
to make agreements as to future transportation of troops and sup-
plies, mails, and such other matters as the convenience of the Gov-
ernment may require.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 108
The points herein noticed may have been already fully considered
and decided upon, but as they are included in the letter of my
instructions for my present duty, I make the suggestions, with a
strong impression of the importance of early action in the matter.
1 am, very respectfully, general, your most obedient servant,
J. D. WEBSTER,
Brevet Major-QeneroL,
Gensbai. Ordbrs, ) War Deft., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 137. ) WashingUm, August 31, 1866.
The following proclamations of the President of the United States
in relation to restrictions on trade are published for the information
and guidance of all concerned :
I. AuQuat t9, 1866, — Removing restrictions on articles contraband of war.
Bt the Pbbsu>xmt of thb United Statbs of America:
a fboclamation.
Whereas, by my proclamations of the thirteenth and twenty-fourth of Jane,
one thonsand ei^ht hnndred and sixty-five, removing restrictions, in put, npon
internal, domestic, and coaetwisi) intercourse and trade with those States reoentlv
declared in insurrection, certain articles were excepted from the effect of saia
proclamations as contraband of war; and whereas, the necessity for restricting
trade in said articles has now, in a neat measure, ceased: It is hereby ordered that
on and after the first dav of Septemoer , one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five,
all restrictions aforesaid be removed, so that the articles declared by the said proc-
lamationfl to be contraband of war may be imported into and sold in said Sntes,
subject only to such r^^lations as the Secretarv of the Treasury may prescribe.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my nand and caused the seal cf tiie
United States to be afftxed.
Done at the city of Washing^ton this twenty-ninth day of August, in the year
of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, and of the Independence of
the United States of America the eighty-ninth fninetiethl.
fe8.] ANDREW JOHNSON,
the President:
WILLIAM H. SEWARD,
Secretary of State.
n. June IS, 1866. — ^Removing restrictions on trade east of the Missiasippi River,
and declaring insurrection suppressed in Tennessee, and certain disamlities in
that State removed.
By the President of the United States or America :
A PROCLAMATION.
Whereas, by my proclamation of the twenty-ninth of Aprilfone thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five, all restrictions upon internal, domestic and commennal
intercourse, with certain exceptions therein specified and set forth, were removed
'*in such parts of the States of Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, South Caro-
lina, G(eorgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and so much of Louisiana as lies
east of the Mississippi River as shall be embraced within the lines of national
military occupation;'^
And whereas, by my proclamation of the twenty-second of May, one thonsand
ei^ht hundred and sixtv-five, for reasons therein given, it was declared that cer-
tain ports of the United States which had been previously closed against foreign
commerce should, with certain specified exceptions, be reopened to such com-
merce on and after the first dav of July next, subject to the laws of the United
States, and in pursuance of sucn regulations as might be prescribed by the Secre-
tary of the Treasury; .
And whereas, I am satifactorily informed that dangerous combinations against
the laws of the United States no longer exist within the State of Tennessee; tluit the
insurrection heretofore existing witnin said State has been suppressed; that within
♦Exwntive order; nee p. 105.
104 GORBESPONDENCE, ETC.
the bonndaries thereof the authority of the United States is andispnted, and that
snch officers of the United States as have been dnly commissioned are in the
undisturbed exercise of their official functions :
Now, therefore, be it known, that I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United
States, do hereby declare that all restrictions upon internal, domestic, and coast-
yrise intercourse and trade^ and upon the removal of products of States hereto-
fore declared in insurrection, reserving and excepting only those relating to
contraband of war, as hereinafter recited, and also those which relate to the res-
ervation of the rights of the United States to proper^ purchased in the territory
of an enemy, heretofore imposed in the territory of the United States east of the
Mississippi Kiver, are annulled, and I do hereby direct that they be forthwith
removed ; and that, on and after the first day of July next, all restrictions upon
foreign commerce with said ports, with the exception and reservation aforesaid,
be lixewise removed; and that the commerce of said States shall be conducted
under the supervision of the regularly appointed officers of the customs provided
by law; and such officers of the customs shall receive any captured and aban-
doned property that may be turned over to them, under the law, by the military
or naval forces of the United States, and dispose of such property as shall to
directed by the Secretary of the Treasurv. The following articles contraband of
war are excepted from the effect of this xiroclamation : Arms, ammunition, all
articles from which ammunition is made, and gra^ uniforms and cloth.
And I hereby also proclaim and declare that me insurrection, so far as it relates
to and within the State of Tennessee, and the inhabitants of the said State of
Tennessee as recognized and constituted under their recently adopted constitu-
tion and reorganization, and accepted bv them, is suppressed ; and therefore, also,
that fJl the disabilities and disqualifications attacning to said State and the
inhabitants thereof consequent upon any proclamations issued by virtue of the
fifth section of the act entitled **An act further to provide for tne collection of
duties on imports, and for other purposes," approved the thirteenth day of July,
one thousand eight hxmdred and sixtv-one, are removed.
But nothing herein contained shall be considered or construed as in any wise
changing or impairing any of thepenalties and forfeitures for treason heretofore
incurred under the laws of the United States, or any of the provisions, restric-
tions, or disabilities set forth in my proclamation beaming date the twenty-ninth
day of May, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, or as impairing existing
regulations for the suspension of the habeas corpus, and the exercise of military
law in cases where it shall be necessary for the general public safety and welfare
during the existing insurrection; nor shall this proclamation affect, or in any
way impair, any laws heretofore passed by Congress, and duljr approved by the
President, or any proclamations or orders issued b^ him during the aforesaid
insurrection, abolishing slavery, or in any way affecting the relations of slavery,
whether of persons or [of] property; but, on the c<mtrary,all such laws and proc-
lamations heretofore made or issued are expressly saved and declared to be in full
force and virtue.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the
United States to be affixed.
Done at the city of Washington this thirteenth dav of June, in the year of our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, ana of the Independence of the
United States of America the eighty-ninth.
[L.8.] ANDREW JOHNSON.
By the President:
WILLIAM H. SEWARD,
Secretary of State.
in. June f4y 1866. — Removing restrictions on trade west of the Mississippi River.
Bt thb President of the United States of America:
a proclamation.
Whereas, it has been the desire of the Gheneral Government of the United States
to restore unrestricted commercial intercourse between and in the several States,
as soon as the same could be safely done in view of resistance to the authority of
the United States by combinations of armed insurgents ;
And whereas, that desire has been shown in my proclamations of the twentj^-
ninth of April, one thousand eight hundred and sixtv-five ; the thirteenth of June,
one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five ; and the twenty-third of June, one
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five ;
And whereas, it now seems expedient and proi)er to remove restrictions upon
UNION AUTHORITIES. 105
internal, domestic, and ooastwise trade and commercial interconrse between and
witinn the States and Territories west of the Mississippi River:
Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United
States, do hereby declare that all restrictions npon internal, domestic, and coast-
wise intercourse and trade, and npon the purcnase and removal of products of
States and parts of States and Territories heretofore declared in insurrection,
lying west of the Mississippi River (exceptins only those relating to property
heretofore purchased by the agents or captureof by or surrendered to the forces of
the Unitea States, and to the transportation thereto or therein, on private
aocoont, of arms, ammunition, all articles from which ammunition is made,
eray uniforms and gray cloth) , are annulled, and I do hereby direct that they be
lorUiwith removed; and also, that the commerce of such States and parts of
States shall be conducted under the supervision of the regularly appointed offi-
cers of the customs, [who] shall receive any captured and abandoned property
that may be turned over to them, under the law, by the military or naval forces
of the united States, and dispose of the same in accordance with instructions on
the subject issued by the Secretary of the Treasury.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the
United States to be affixed.
Done at the city of Washington this twenty-fourth day of June, in the year of
oar Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, and of the Independence of
the United States of America the eighty-ninth.
[L.8.] ANDREW JOHNSON.
By the President:
W. HUNTER.
Acting Secretary of State.
IV. April S9, 1866, — ^Executive order removing restrictions on trade, except in
articles contraband of war, in certain States.
ExECDTivE Chamber,
Washington^ April 29^ 1866.
Being desirous to relieve all loyal citizens and well-disxK>6ed persons residing in
insurrectionary States from unnecessary commercial restrictions, and to encourage
them to return to peaceful pursuits, it is hereby ordered :
I. That all restrictions upon internal, domestic, and coastwise commercial inter-
course be discontinued in such parts of the States of Tennessee, Virginia, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida. Alabama, Mississippi, and so much
of Louisiana as lies east of the Mississippi Kiver as shall be embraced within the
lines of national military occupation, excepting only such restrictions as are
imposed by acts of Congress ana regulations in pursuance thereof, prescribed by
the Secretanr of the Treasury and approved by the President, and excepting also
from the effect of this order the following articles contraband of war, to wit,
arms, ammunition, all articles from which ammunition is manufactured, gray
xmiforms and cloth, locomotives, cars, railroad iron, and machinery for operating
railroads, telegraph wires, insulators, and instruments for operating telegraph*
lines.
n. All existing military and naval orders in any manner restricting internal,
domestic, and coastwise commercial intercourse and trade with or in the locali-
ties above named be, and the same are hereby, revoked ; and that no military or
naval officer in any manner intermj^t or interfere with the same, or with any
boats or other vessels engaged therem, under proper authority, pursuant to the
regolations of the Secretaoy of the Treasury.
ANDREW JOHNSON.
V. May jRf , 1866, — Reopening of ports, except four in Texas, disallowing bel-
ligerent rights in certain cases, and removing certain restrictions on trade.
By thb President of the United States of America :
a proclamation.
Whereas, by the proclamation of the President of the eleventh day of April
last, certain jtoris of the United States therein specified, which had previously
been subject to blockade, were, for objects of public safety, declared, in con-
formity with previous special legislation of Congress, to be closed against foreign
conunerce during the national will, to be thereafter expressed and made known
by the President; and whereas, events and circumstances have since occurred
106 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
which in my judgment render it expedient to remove that restriction, except as
to the ports of Ghdveston, La Salle, Brazos de Santiago (Point Isahel), and
Brownsville, in the State of Texas :
Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United
States, do hereby declare that the ports aforesaid, not excepted as above, shall be
open to foreign commerce from and after the first day of July next ; that com-
mercial intercourse with the said ports may from tiiat time be carried on subject
to the laws of the United States, and in pursuance of such regulations as may be
prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury. If, however, an^ vessel from a
foreign port shall enter any of the before-named excepted ports m the State of
Texas, she will continue to be held liable to the penalties prescribed bv the act of
Congress approved on the thirteenth day of Julv, eighteen hundred ana sixty-one,
and the persons on board of her to such penalties as may be incurred, pursuant to
the laws of war, for tradingor attemptmg to trade witn an enemy.
And I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, do hereby declare and
make known that the United States of America do, henceforth, disallow to all
persons trading, or attempting to trade, in any ports of the United States in
violation of the laws thereof, all pretense of belligerent rifrhts and privileges ;
and I ffive notice that, from the date of this proclamation, all such offenders will
be held and dealt with as pirates.
It is also ordered that all restrictions upon tikde heretofore imposed in the
territory of the United States east of the Mississippi River, save those relating to
contraband of war, to the reservation of the rights X>f the United States to prop-
erty purchased in the territory of an enemy, and to the twenty-five per cent,
upon purchases of cotton, be removed. All provisions of the internal revenue
law win be carried into effect under the proper officers.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the
United States to be afOxed.
Done at the city of Washington this twenty-second day of May, in the year
of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, and of the Independence
of the United States of America the eighty-ninth.
[L.8.] ANDREW JOHNSON.
By the President; ^
W. HUNTER,
Acting Secretary of State,
VI. June ts, i«fi5.— Rescinding the blockade as to all ports of the United
States, including that of Ghdveston.
By the President of the United STiVTSs of America:
A PROCLAMATION.
Whereas, by the proclamations of the President of the nineteenth and twenty-
seventh of April, eighteen hundred and sixty-one, a blockade of certain ports of
the United States was set on foot ; but whereas, the reasons for that measure
have ceased to exist :
Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United
States, do hereby declare and proclaim the blockade aforesaid to be rescinded as
to all the ports aforesaid, including that of Galveston and other ports west of the
Mississippi River, which ports will be open to foreign commerce on the &rst of
July next, on the terms and conditions set forth in my proclamation of the
twenty-second of May last.
It is to be understood, however, that the blockade thus rescinded was an inter-
national measure for the purpose of protecting the sovereign rights of the United
States. The greater or less subversion of civil authority in the reflfion to which
it applied, and the impracticability of at once restoring that in due efficiency,
may, for a season, maxe it advisable to employ the Army and Navy of the United
States toward carrying the laws into effect, wherever such employment may be
necessary.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the
United States to be affixed.
Done at the city of Washington this twenty-third day of June, in the year of
our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, ana of the Independence of
the United States of America the eighty-ninth.
[L. 8.J ANDREW JOHNSON.
By the President :
W. HUNTER,
Aciitig Secretary of State,
UKION AUTHORITIB8. 107
Yn. AprU 7/,7i86^.^CloBing certain ports.
By THk PRmi>S!fT of the Unitbd States of America:
A PROCLAMATION.
Whereae, by my proclamatioiiB of the nineteenth and twenty nseventh days of
Afxril, one thoaaaDa eiffbt hundred and sixty-one, -theporte of the United States
in the States of Virginia, North Carolina, Sonth Carolina, Georgia, Florida,
Alabama, Mississippi, Lonisiana, and Texas were declared to be subject to
blockade; but whereas, the said blockade has, in consequence of actual military
occupation by this Qoyemment, since been conditionally set aside or relaxed in
respect to the ports of Norfolk and Alexandria, in the State of Virginia ; Beau*
fort, in the State of North Carolina ; Port Royal, in the State of South Carolina ;
Pensacola and Femandina, in the State of Florida, and New Orleans, in the State
of Louisiana;
And whereas, by the fourth section of the act of Congress approved on the thir-
teenth of July, eighteen hundred and sixty-one, entitled **An act further to pro-
Tide for the coUection of duties on imports, and for other purposes,*' the President,
for the reasons therein set forth, is authorized to close certain ports of entry :
Now, therefore, be it known that 1, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United
States, do hereby proclaim that thejoprts of Richmond, Tappahannock, Cherry-
stone, Torktown, and Petersburff , in Virginia ; of Camden (l^lisabeth City) , Eden-
ton, Plymouth, Washington, New Beme» Ocracoke. and wilminston, m North
Dut>lina: of Charleston, Qeorgetown, and Beaufort, in South Carouna ; of Savan-
nah, Saint Mary's, and Brunswick (Darien), in Georgia; of Mobile, in Alabama;
of Pearl River (Shieldsborough), Natchez, and Vicksbui^, in Mississippi; of Saint
Augustine, Key West, Saint Mark's (Port Leon), Saint John's (Jacksonville), and
Apalachicola, in Florida; of Teche (Franklin), in Louisiana; of Qalveston, La
Sule, Brazos de Santiago (Point Isabel), and Brownsville, in Texas, are hereby
closed, and all right of importation, warehousing, and other privileges shall, in
respect to the ports aforesaid, cease, until they shall have agam been opened by
order of the President; and if, while said ports are so closed, any ship or vessel
from beyond the United States, or having on board an v articles subject to duties,
shall attempt to enter any such ports, the same, together with its taclde, apparel,
furniture, and cargo, shall be forfeited to the United States.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the
United States to be afSxed.
Done at the city of Washington this eleventh day of April, in the year of our
Lord one thousana eight himc&ed and sixty-five, and of the Independence of the
United States of America the eighty-ninth.
[L.8.] ABRAHAM UN(X)LN.
By the President :
WILLIAM H. SEWARD,
Secretary of State.
Vin. AprU 11, i^65.— Port of Key West to remain open.
By the President op the United States of America:
A PROCLAMATIOK.
Whereas, bv my proclamation of this date the port of Key West, in the State of
Florida, was inadvertently included among those which are not open to commerce:
Now, therefore, be it known that I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United
States, do hereby declare and make known that the said port of Key West is and
shall remain open to foreign and domestic commerce upon the same conditions by
which that commerce has there hitherto been governed.
In testimony whereof 1 have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the
United States to be affixed.
Done at the city of Washington this eleventh day of April, in the vear of our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, and of the Independence of the
United States of America the eighty-ninth.
[L. 8.] ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
By the President:
By order of the Secretary of WaT:
WILLIAM H. SEWARD,
Secretary of State.
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjtdant-Oenercd.
108 C0RRE8K)NDENCE, ETC.
Circular ) War Dept., Adjutant-General's Office,
No. 44. J Waahingtony Sepieniher 9, 1865.
ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS RELATIVE TO THE MUSTER OUT OF CER-
TAIN VOLUNTEERS, VIZ, ORGANIZATIONS OF COLORED TROOPS
ENLISTED IN NORTHERN STATES, AND CERTAIN WHITE TROOPS IN
VARIOUS ARMIES AND DEPARTMENTS.
I. Organizations of colored trooi>B enlisted in Northern States.
Telegram.] War Department, Adjutakt-General's Office,
Washington^ September 8, 1805.
Commanding General Department of North Carolina,
JRaleigh, N, C;
The Secretary of War directs that all organisationB of colored troope in yofo:
department which were enlisted in the Northern States be mastered ont of seryice
immediately. The masters ont will be by entire organizations, inclnding all
additions thereto by recmits and from other sonrces. The masters out, dis-
charges, and payments will be made onder the regolations promulgated in
General Orders, No. 94, cnrrent series, from this office.
Please forward to this ofBce withoat delaj a list of the regiments and independ-
ent comi)anies to be discharged onder this order, giving therein for each the
strength, present and absent, respectively.
Aclmowiedge receipt of this.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant Adjutant-OeneraL
Note.— Orders similar to the foregoing, dated September 8, were sent to the
commanding generals of the Departments of Virginia, Florida, Texas, Lonisiana,
and Arkansas.
II. White troops in various departments — servioes no lon^^r
required.
MEMORANDA.
1. August 21^ 1866. — Major-General Reynolds, commanding Depart-
ment of Arkansas, was directed to muster out 3,000 additional troops
of his command.
2. August 2^^ 1866. — Major-General Hooker, commanding the De-
partment of the East, was directed to cause the two remaining '* Inde-
pendent companies, Maine Coast Guards," to be mustered out.
3. September i, 1866. — ^Major-General Hooker was directed to relieve
from duty for muster out Companies A and B, New Hampshire Heavy
Artillery, and Company D, First Battalion Massachusetts Heavy
Artillery.
4. September 8, 1866. — Major-General Augur, commanding Depart-
ment or Washington, was ordered to reduce the volunteer force in his
command to 0,000 commissioned officers and enlisted men, of all arms.
E. D, TOWNSEND,
Assistant AcytUant-Qeneral.
War Deft., Provost-Marshal-General^s Office,
Washington^ D. C, September 11 j 1866.
[Hon. E. M. Stanton,
Secretary of War:]
Under the general orders of the War Department I, sometime
since, discharged all the employes in the different districts who could
be spared, so that now there is in a district only a provost-marshal
and one clerk, and they are engaged in closing up old business. Some
UNION AUTHOBITIE8. 109
districts have been consolidated, and one provost-marshal is acting
for two or more consolidated districts. The arrest of deserters by
this Bureau cannot therefore be effected, unless it is deemed best by
the Secretary of War to order that provost-marshals employ and pay
suitable persons for that purpose, or that a reward be allowed for the
arrest and delivery of deserters to provost-marshals, the reward being
made large enough to induce outsiders to engage in the business.
Section 21 of the act approved March 3, 1865, is as follows:
8bc. 21. And he it further enacted. That, in addition to the other lawful penal-
tiee of the crime of djBsertion from the military or naval service, all perBons who
hive deserted the military or naval service ox the United States, who shall not
return to said service, or report themselves to a provost-marshal, within sixty days
after the proclamation hereinafter mentioned, shall he deemed and taken to have
volnntarily relinqnished and forfeited their rights of citixenship and their rights
to become citizens ; and snch deserters shall be forever incapable of holding any
ofiBoe of trost or profit under the United States, or of exercinng any rights of cit-
isens thereof; and all persons who shall hereafter desert the military or naval
service, and all persons who, being duly enrolled, shall depart the jurisdiction of
the district in wnich he is enroUed, or go beyond the limits of the u nited States,
with intent to avoid any draft into the military or naval service, duly ordered,
shall be liahle to the penaltiee of this section. And the Presiaent is hereby
authorized and required f orthwith. on the passage of this act, to issue his proclama-
tion setting forth the provisions of this section, in which proclamation the Presi-
dent is requested to notify all deserters returning within sixty days as aforesaid,
that they shall be pardoned on condition of returning to tneir regiments and
companies, or to such other organization as they may be assigned to, untU tiiey
shall have served for a period of time equal to their original term of enlistment
To make this law operative the fact of desertion should be estab-
lished and announced in each case, if possible. The undertaking,
however, would be one of magnitude. Two hundred and sixty thou-
sand three hundred and thirty-nine men have been reported to this
office as deserters from the Army. I estimate that 25 per cent, of these
are not deserters in fact, but are men who became abisentees uninten-
tionally or unavoidably, and afterward returned to duty. Adopting
this estimate, the total number of desertions appears to be 195,255
from the ranks of the Army. Seventy-six thousand two hundred and
fifty-three deserters have been arrested by this Bureau, as required
by the seventh section of the enrollment act, approved March 3, 1863,
which is still in force and is as follows:
Sbc. 7. And he it further enacted. That it shall be the duty of the provost-
marshals to arrest all deserters, whether regolar, volunteer, militiamen, or per-
sons called into the service under this or any other act of Oongress, wherever
they may be foond, and to send them to the nearest military oommission or mil-
itary post.
Only 1,755 deserters surrendered themselves under the President's
proclamation of March 11, 1865, offering pardon to all who would
return to duty. There are therefore still at large 117,247 deserters
from the ranks of the Array. This number does not include the non-
reporting drafted men, who are deemed deserters by the law; of this
class there are, by the reports, 161,286. It may be estimated that 30
per cent, of these are excusable, some having entered the service after
having been drafted, others were absent at sea, and for various other
causes the absence of many was unavoidable and excusable. Making
the reduction of 30 per cent, gives 112,901 as the number of non-
reporting drafted men who are deemed deserters, which, added to
the number of deserters from the ranks, makes the total number of
deserters still at large 230,148.
JAMES B. FRY,
Provost-Marshal' OeneraL
110 COBBBSPOKDBKCEy ETC.
[Imolosare.]
Colonel John Ely, acting assistant provost-marahal-geneTal, Tren-
ton, N. J., May 27, 1865, refers for instructions a communication from
Capt. William M. Shipman, provost-marshal Third District of New
Jersey, stating that many men drafted in his district in May and
July, 1864, who fled to Canada and other parts unknown after being
drafted, are now returning home, much to the dissatisfaction of the
loyal portion of the community. Desires to know if they are to be
arrested as deserters, and if so, what means are to be taken to secure
their arrest, as he has no officers and no authority to employ any, and
no guards to send in charge of them should they be arrested by
citizens.
F. C. Reed, of Clyde, Wayne County, New York, July 31, 1865,
states that the citizens of that section of country are apprehensive
that their private property is insecure from the large number of
sneaks and deserters who have recently com*e among them, and who
threaten the good order of the community. He desires to know the
status of this class of persons, and if they are subject to arrest as
deserters. If they are, he asks for the appoinment of a suitable per-
son to fmprehend and deliver them to the proper authorities.
Bvt. Lieut. Col. R. I. Dodge, acting assistant provost-marshal-gen-
eral for New York City, N. Y., August 2, 1866, recommends that the
usual reward of $30 be paid for the apprehension and delivery of all
deserters from the Regular Army to the proper officers, as there are
large numbers of these deserters who show themselves with impunity
in New York and Brooklyn, relying upon the absence of reward to
secure them from arrest.
Bvt. Lieut. Col. R.M. Littler, acting assistant provost-marshal-gen-
eral for Maine, August 12, 1865, forwards a communication from Capt.
£lijah Low, provost-marshal, Fourth District of Maine, representing
that his district is overrun with deserters from the Army and draft;
that they are insolent and abusive to soldiers ^ho have endured the
hardships and perils of war, and many of whom are crippled by
wounds or disease and are entitled to protection. He fears that as
the only disability put upon deserters' is disfranchisement by the
United States Government, and as each State regulates the qualifica-
tion of its own voters, they will have the right to vote under existing
State laws. He asks permission to appoint suitable persons as dep-
uty marshals to assist in executing the laws in his district.
Colonel Littler states that the same complaints of deserters return-
ing and taunting soldiers who have lost limbs in service are made
from all parts of the State, but are more numerous from the Fourth
and Fifth Districts, and asks instructions as to committing deserters
and payment of expenses. The majority of those lately arrested have
been discharged by orders from headquarters Department of the
East, with foKeiture of pay and allowances.
Stephen Miller, Grovemor of Minnesota, August 19, 1865, states
that he learns from good citizens that many of the poltroons who fled
from Minnesota to Canada and elsewhere either prior to or immedi-
ately subsequent to the draft to avoid military duty are now return-
ing, and as they should in some way be held to a strict accountability
for their infamous conduct, he hopes the War Department will take
the matter in hand, as the laws of Minnesota make no provision for
their punishment.
Brig. Gen. E. W. Hinks, Harrisburg, Pa., June 9, 18G5, refers com-
munication from provost-marshal Eighteenth District, Pa., represent-
UNION AUTHORITIB8. Ill
ing that a large number of deserters who had previously absconded
are now returning; requests to be informed if it is the desire of the
Gk>vemment to imJce special efforts for the arrest of deserters.
Lieut. CoL William N. Grier, Harrisburg, Pa., July 3, 1866, refers
communication from provost-marshal Twentieth District, Pa., in
reference to the number of deserters at large, and his inability, under
the present arrangements, to arrest them.
Lieut. Col. William N. Grier, acting assistant provost-marshal-
general for Harrisburg, Pa., August 24, 1865, forwards a communica-
tion from Capt. J. W. Kirker, provost-marshal Twenty-third District
of Pennsylvania, who suggests the propriety of restoring the reward
for the arrest of deserters and non-reporting drafted men, so that the
assistanoe of civil officers and citizens may be obtained to apprehend
and arrest this class of criminals, the deputy provostrmarshals and
special officers having been discharged.
Bvt. Brig. Gen. James Oakes, acting assistant provost-marshal-
general for Illinois, forwards for instructions a communication from
Capt. William H. Collins, provost-marshal Twelfth District of Illinois,
who states that a number of deserters from the Army and the draft
are reported to be within the limits of his district. Under existing
arrangements, without guards, or rewards to secure the co-operation
of citizens, he is iK>werless to make arrests, although good men inform
him in regard to this class of pei'sons, and asks that the Government
punish them, in justice to those who have not evaded service ; suggests
that measures be taken to make the records of his offices permanently
accessible to every county in the district, to prevent deserters from
voting, and requests information on this point from the proper author-
ities. Creneral Oakes says the preparation of a record of deserters for
each county, as suggested by Captain Collins, would, if possible to be
done at all with sufficient fullness and accuracy as to be of practical
value for the purpose designated, be a work requiring much time and
labor. He suggests that printed lists of deserters be prepared from the
records of each district.
Lieut. Col. Charles S. Lovell, Madison, Wis., May 6, 1865, refers
communication relative to the state of affairs in the town of Benton,
Lafayette County, which is infested with disloyal men and returned
deserters. The provost-marshal Third District of Wisconsin says
the town has been in open rebellion against the Government since the
war broke out, and that this is the second time he has been called
upon for aid, but is unable to do anything in the matter, owing to the
discharge of the special officers.
Brig. Gen. T. G. Pitcher, Indianapolis, Ind., July 3, 1865, refers
communication with regard to returning deserters from the draft, and
asks if it is desirable to arrest them; if so, suggests that provost-
marshal be authorized to employ one deputy special agent for that
purpose.
Brig. Gen. T. G. Pitcher, Indianapolis, Ind., July 20, 1865, refers for
instructions communication from provost-marshal Sixth District of
Indiana, stating that several deserters from the draft have returned
from Canada, and asking if he shall arrest them, and if so, what dis-
position shall be made of them.
Bvt. Maj. WUliam Silvey, Concord, N. H., May 31, 1865, says he is
almost daily receiving information concerning the presence, in various
places in the State, of deserters, and having no deputies or special
agents, desires to know in what manner the arrest of these men is to
be accomplished.
112
COUBESPONDEMCB, ETC.
Col. James A. Wilcox, Columbus, Ohio, August 5, 1865: Relative to
arresting deserters from the diaft, their assignment, and urging that
some reasonable reward be allowed to facilitate arrests. ♦ ♦ ♦
Maj. George £. Scott, Veteran Reserve Corps, August 28, 1865, for-
wards an extract from the report of Capt. A. D. Bean, provost-marshal
Fifth District of Maine, of August 20, recommending that a list of
absentees and deserters from the several drafts be furnished to the
municipal authorities of the towns in his district for the purpose of
enforcing the provisions of section 21 of act of Congress approved
March 3, 1865, disfranchising deserters.
Exhibit of volunteers and militia mustered into the U. S. service from November
i, 1SG4, to April 13, 1865, the date tchen recruiting of troops by voluntary en-
listmentH was stopped.
Kttw orgiuiisatious.
SUto.
3-years.
2 years.
1-year.
/
!
6
-«1
1
!
t
<
1
I
1
I)eUw»i«
\ I
i
i
I 8
Ulinois
f....
::::::::i::::::::
Indiana
\ 171 '
/
10
14, M2
Iowa
\ 2;
/
is, 781
la
Kansas
I
/
68
6
255
1
Kentnck V
\ '
/ 3.211 I 159
\ L'02 1 4
f
"'"5i9
2
93*
1.857
6
Maine
53
IKnrvlanA
\ 535
/
"1
2,373
23
209
1 ' 10
/
i
1
ai
MaaaaehnaetU
\ 391 1 82
/
144
1.493
807 1 1
Iflohiran
\ 3
f
809
Minnesota
{ 2
/ 117
i 37
f 25
\ 7
/
047
101
2.123
:.. 1,189
Missouri
i
STow Hampahlre
a
s
If ow Jorsey
WewTork
I
\ 2,862
r I
\ 26
{ iS
/
ie'
io
40
1.750
7*
615
Ohio ....
61
io
3
a
3
i4,478
090
a. 007
Pennsylvania
Bhotle Island
VcmiiMtt
\
/
::::::::
1 85
::::::::i::::::: ::::::::
aoi
West Virginia
{:::::::::::.::::
1..::....!
I
28
6.881
UrtsMAVkalM
/
i::::
BiatrietorColnmbUa
\ lai'
f
3| 301
1
00
{ ' :..
2
r a.4ft7
175
97
813
154
522
900
4 1 970
3 ' (U.570
7
I.5U
Grsndtotal,..^ i'sTo
i.aTs
aUp(oMaroli81,1805.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 113
Erttibit of rtHnnteem and militia mustered into the U. S, service, Ac, — Ck>ntinaed.
Old reglmenta
.
Unaaaiffiiad.
State.
S-yaan.
2-
yeara.
l-year.
i
t
Total
Bta^M.
1
1
<
a
1
!
<
1
5 '
1
1
1
<
{
{
{
{
{
{:
{
{
{
{•
77
eee
1
14
89
5
9
1
3
2
11
t
8
17
89
282
493
82
11
1
}x.«
100
CbDoaetioot
874
993
10
15
"i'M
1
1
Delaware
.....
1
110
"V
11
14
74
343
]'»
miaola
u
I
} 23, 430
87
380
ladiaiia..
7
2
318
888
7
} 17,875
Iffwa
2
1
1
1
1
5
....
821
""in
14
5
1
...!.. '"'8
} *^
Kanaaa
123
5
10
....
\ 475
KcBtoeky
8
I
17
803 i..::..
} 8,087
11
139
32
7
9
828
:::::: ::::
8
818
130
790
Matae
12
8
2
108
3
1
89
50
88 1
} 4,318
HMtjUad
2
50
0
24
} 1.518
410
350
10
8
4
806
08
8,052
185
84
254
173
358
} 5,886
i
MkUgaa
IfiniUMnfa
104
63
0
2
....
1.770
8
::::::r "2
1 5
} 8,006
} 3.883
{
{
{
{
{
k
{■
{
/
\
{•
{
......
15
8
1
2
....
209
101
••i82-
3,400
715
84
10
2
25
88
77
}58.V4
252
88
529
128
2.897
8
69
U
463
101
47
1
889
82
2.081
40
1.759
:S2
2,292
81
4.827
112
87
} 981
Timm T..- ^
} 2,834
v^—, ir -—t
25
10
1.708
1
18
a
"292*
4
10
80
1
1
43
4
3
97
608
8
187
2,486
54
21
871
176
2
} 18.829
PcaaaylTaAia
5
72
1
4
0
1
2.095
127
21
1 20,014
857
23
13
....
2.533
78
8
844
3.086
} 18,806
Rhode Island
WW
81
8
107
4
4
89
101
5
4
8
240
5
085
29
877
187
1
} 1,074
TflcBtont
WaitViiglnIa
39
5
4
2
8
5
8
} 1.018
12
4
....
860
3
} 1.588
VtuMHialn
} 8.020
DiatrictofColnmbiaa
19
4
0
4
i
....
985
20
5
338
8
28
1
8
} ^
{
840
1,888
19
4.182
i;iM*
82
871
1.408
38,810
"i8;8»"
82
1,880
i:i6i-
845
5,334
}l45.528
Grand total...
185
88
aUptolIaroh81. 1885.
5 630 iafaatry and 20 oaralry for 20 months not inoladad.
[Hon.— The first Ifne of llgnrM inclosed in braces indicates colored troops; the second Une repra-
senU while troops. In the original the flgnrea for colored troops appear in red ink.]
KECAPITULATION.
Three-yean
Two-yeare
One-year
Tliree-yean
Two-years ,
ODe>year
8 R R— SERIES in, VOL V
Old
White.
Colored*
Total
4.881
809
07.896
MS
977
8.508
1.085
08,875
42,081
414
1.589
12,099
574
48.880
gste.
gste.
I 77,970
56,298
114
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
KliCAPlTl LATION-Cuutimuil.
Win to. Colored. TotMl.
1 Agm-
gata.
Unauifnietl :
New
Old
3.9IK)
5, 334
1,106
845
5.075
fi,179
Grand toUl 1 145,523
^ I I
Note. — I am quite sure that some recruits for colored regiments
we 1X3 not, as the regulations direct, reported to the chief mustering
offic(»rs of the States, and therefore some do not appear on this exhibit.
To <*<)rrect this I have directed the chief of the Bureau for Colored
Troops to report direct to you the number mustered. Should his
number exceed those herein, the excess should be added to my totals.
I have omitted from this the mustere from rebel States, as they will
be furnished in the report above referred to.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assustif u t Adjutan t-Oen eral.
War Department, Adjutaxt-(4eneral's Office,
Septeinber IS, lSt}6,
Exhibit of till' nnntherof troops — volnuteern {white and colored) aiidregidars — that
rrill rcwnin in scrrirr a/fcr the musters ovf. as already. ordered, shall have been
compk'tt'd.d
Deiiartoient.
For the orders directing re-
I dnctions to the nambera
belovr enomeimted, 8«« Cir-
culars Kofi. 22, 26, 28, 30. 31,
35. 39. 41, and 44, Acyutut-
Genersl's Office, 1805.
White. ! Colored. Totel.
Middle
Wsshiogton.
Ohio.
Kentucky .
Missouri . .
VlrRlnia.
North Carol! UH.
South Caroliiiu
(toorifia
MiASiANippi
Arkansas
Alabama .
FloritU..-,
Louisiana .
Texas
Teiiu©H»«'.
Cslifornia .
C»lnnil>iu..
2.000
1«,000
4.000
12.000
rj, 030
Total I 143,532 i 83,070
3.999
7,026
0.000
5,173
10,106
11.400
18,483
7,046
10,852
17,165
14,306
8,282
17,095
7,229
23,516
83.363
14.000
12,030
226,611
a'By the 1st of October the muster ont of R.-'iOB white troops in the Department
of Washinprton and 24,200 colored in other departments should be (-omuleted, and
then the forces in the resixjctivo dopartmentvS. except Missomi and Alaoama, will
UNION AUTHORITIES. 115
Since the foregoing was made up Greneral Sheridan, by telegi*aph of
September 21, reports the following numbers (approximate) of white
troops ordered mnst'^i'e<l out :
Texas ... 7,500
Louisiana 2,000
Florida 800
Total- 10,800
Thus left remaining 216, 811
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
War Department, Adjutant-(4eneral's Office,
September U, 1865.
State of Ohio, Executive Department,
ColumbiLSj September 16, 1866,
Hon. E. M. Stanton,
Secretary of War, Washinyion, D. C:
Sir: We have had, and are almost daily receiving in various forms,
a great number of petitions and complaints from our volunteers
against their detention in the service.
Passing without comment tlieir murmuring as to their food, expo-
sures, diseases, &c., as being in fact unavoidable incidents to all
military service, and perhaps in habit of all volunteer soldierings, I
beg leave in accordance with ]*epeated promises to them thus to caU
the attention of the Department and of the President to their case.
They complain bitterly, not only against their detention in the
service as a matter of right on the part of the National Government,
or of duty and obligation upon theirs as a class, but also on account
of their own special and peculiar calamity in being thus kept in an
arduous and painful service, wholly unanticipated by them, whilst
their friends and late comrades have been discharged and are living
happy and useful at home. Of course the latter complaint (derived
from a comparison of their fortunes with those of others), though
natural enough, can constitute by itself no sound reason for .their
dischai^ge — since in any army it may well become the policy and duty
of the Government to discharge one part before another and before
their legal term may have expired.
But after all the consideration I can give this case and the ques-
tions which underlie it, it does seem to me that their first, the general
complaint, that all and any of the volunteers who are detained beyond
the period of actual war and the time necessary in the mere processes
of their discharge are unlawfully and unjustly detained, is well
founded. I can see no legal authority in keeping up that army or any
part of it for any other service or services than those specified in the
laws and in the proclamations of the President. And it seems to me,
too, that the proceeding is inequitable and hard in its operation, and
it is unlawful; and this wholly irrespective of the question w^hether
the other ends of detaining them shall be good, wise, and practicable,
or the contrary. These were not a part of their obligations and duties
when they enlisted in contemplation of either party, probably, and
stand as indicated by the figures herein. Missouri, General Pope reports, will be
oomi>Ieted by October 15. General Thomas has ordered five regiments of black
troops, say 4,000, from Department of Tennessee to Department of Alabama to
rpplace an eqnal nnmbor of white trooiw in that department with view to their
mtirttT ont. Tlie white troops tlins relieved should be mustered out by October 10.
116
COBBESPONDENCE, ETC.
certainly not of the volunteers. And assuredly the class of citizens
who so enlisted (whether we jndge them by their individual worth, or
by the cause in which they i)eriled their all, or by the services they
have i)erformed) is not a class that deserves illegal, harsh, or even
doubtful estimate or treatment at the hands of the Nation they have
saved.
Doubtless you have considered all these and more like matters in
this connection. I know, too, the infinite embarrassments of mere
detail as well as of the complicated questions of principle which beset
an administration or department in the closing of a war so stupendous
as this, and therefore I would neither show nor encourage in others
a spirit of fault-finding and impatience. Nevertheless, whilst so fre-
quently implored to endeavor to rescue them from what I myself do
believe to be an unjust and undeserved hardship, and yet acquiesc-
ing in the propriety of your request that the State Executive should
not add to your embarrassments by transmitting special complaints
and applications for discharge, I have thought it to be my official duty
thus to present my reasons in behalf of the ri^ht of all to their dis-
charge at the close of hostilities. If, as is possible, these opinions as
to the law and justice of the case agree with those of the Department
this communication may do good by its urgency of more dispatch in
the process of discharging them. If, as is probable, they may be in
some essential particular in conflict with those of the national autliori-
ties, then I respectfully beg leave to ask for them such a considera-
tion or reconsideration as the rights and merits of these volunteers
and my own strength and sincerity of convictions deserve.
Very respectfully,
CHARLES ANDERSON,
Oovemor of Ohio.
Exhibit showing the number of colored recruite enlisted in the service of the United
States, for old and new regiments, where enlisted, and where credited, from
November 1, I8O4, to date in lS65y when enlistments ceased.
State.
3
<
1
1
1
S
O
1
a
^
i
5
J
1
^
5
1
3
1
1
AlabMna
1 nTo
...I..J
1
1 i 1
;] ■
1
]]
ArkAnfMM ' . | 17?
...L...
Connecticut ' 1....
77
i
""J. lyy
Delaware ' .-
34
..::-.. I..::
„-,..i.:-.
1
District of Columbia
Florida
1
7
181
183
1
]
1
8
4
Georida
2.170
1
lu
Ullnois
530
...1....
-- J....
Indiana
1
187
i •
Iowa
' ' 1 (
20
Kanaan
1 1 1
\n
Kentucky
••••| )■■•
*,9oe
I^niaiana '
\\\'\\'.'.':'\'.'\'Vy.\\'.\\
828 1
....
Maine
1
3S
....
Maryland .J
....'....■ 1
'
'"'
5fn
....
Maasachnsetts *
1 1
1 .. .
1
1
155
Michigan 1
1 ' ..
1
tM
Minnenota
IV
MiMlMiuui '
18
2
*
ig
754
....
MiasourTr. 1
'
....
New Hampshire 1
New Jemey 1
::::::::i:::;
...J
..<,i
,,,^
••«>
«•••
UNION AUTHOBITIES.
117
EMbit showing the number of colored rtcruiiM enlitted in the urviee of tJte United
States, <fto.— Contmned.
%i
i I
I
New York
MorthCnoUiui..
Ohio.
PnoaylTattto
27....
863
123
WMtVlrgiala
Total Bambor
oredited.
2,»72 190 7711
I
IM
2,m
M6
188 20
178
11
1*
iL..
.3:
12, 2j 871
8,020 814 70 805 1.306 107
SUta.
t
k\ak\mm%
▲rkmnsaa....
CoBBoeticni. .
Delaware .
Diatriet of ColnrnMa
Florid*.
Gootfia.
huboU..
Iowa.
Kentucky.
Loniaiana. .
MaiBO.
MaiTlaiid
Haaaacfanaotta.
Mlchigai
sssa?*.:
HowHampahire
Kew Jeraoy
NewYork.
North CaioUna
Ohio I.
FenaaTlTanfa i.
KhodelaUad
Sonth Caroliiia
Vennoot
Vtrglvia
Wiaoonafn
WertYirgfiiU
501
Total nnmbcr
ereditod... . 25^531
1,083
I
':••
81
1.083; 82
I
8811.
100.
43
416
248 1,870,
805
1,773 1,385700
774
1,067
!858
2.443
10 6.
1.062 65 858
%448
I
!
3
&_
2.088
172
77
84
178
10
2,707
530
187
20
178
5,010
850
86
563
138
168
25
1,412
1.085
81
262
416
1.781
774
1.067
60
2.015
2,407
1
715
28
88
26 8326.061
THOMAS M. VINCENT.
Assistant Adjutcmi-OeneraU
War Drpahtment, Ai>jutant-Gbnkral'& Offics,
September tO, 1866.
118 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
[September 28, 1865.— For report of Bvt. Maj. Gen. Rufus Ingalls,
U. S. Army, chief quartermaster of Armies operating against Rich-
mond, of operations during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, see
Series I, Vol. LI, Part I, p. 251.]
Washington, D. C, October 5, 186S.
Hon. Edwin M. Stanton,
Secretary of War:
Sir: Your special instructions to me dated March 25, 1863, require
that I should proceed to the Mississippi River and inspect the troops
operating in the field against the rebel forces, to examine int/O all
operations in cotton connected with the troops, and to announce to
the army the policy of the General Government respecting the negro
race held in bondage in the States in rebellion.
I reported to you from time to time the condition of the troops and
their determination to meet and beat the enemy. On the 23d of June
I reported to you in relation to operations in cotton, showing what
frauds I had detected, and the difficulties I had to contend with in
obtaining correct information whereby the guilty persons might be
brought to trial. My operations in this respect were of little practical
value, and I only excited opposition; and I discovered that this oppo-
sition acted injuriously upon the third and most important part of
my duties — ^your instructions respecting the blacks. The present
report is intended to give the results in the organization of colored
troops. You undoubtedly recollect that the determination to send
me on this duty was a sudden one, and the purpose was only unfolded
to me the day prior to the date of the instructions, and you urged
expedition in the matter. The subject was new to me, and I entered
ux>on the duty by no means certain of what I might be able to effect.
Still, as more of my military service was performed in the slave States,
and I was perfectly familiar with plantation life — I felt that I knew
the peculiarities of the colored race— I could, with the blessing of
Divine Providence, at least do something to alleviate the condition
of the numerous thousands who would come within our military lines
for protection.
At Cairo, 111., I first came in contact with what were then called
contrabands — over 1,500 men, women, and children huddled together
in insufficient quarters, the helpless drawing rations from the Govern-
ment, and the able-bodied men employed in the various departments
of the Government as laborers to the extent they were required.
Comx)ensation, $10 per month and one ration per day. I found the
mortality of the place had been very great, esi)ecially among the
children — m*easles, diarrhea, and pneumonia being the prevailing
diseases — ^and this subsequently I found to be the case at all other
points visitM by me where large numbers were collected. Cairo was
not a proper place for them, and they were soon removed to Island No.
10, in the Mississippi River, below this place. March 20 I reviewed
the troops and announced to some extent the policy of the Govern-
ment, and having up to the 1st of April carefully considered the whole
subject, I on that day communicated to you my views. These views
were subsequently enlarged as I came in more immediate contact with
large bodies of troops and thousands of negroes. With but very few
ox(>eptions I had the troops paraded, and after a review had them
brought together in mass and announced the purpose of my mission.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 119
I then requested the body of the troops to call on such of their com-
manders as they might desire to make an address on the policy I had
annoanced. In this way the views and opinions of man}' general and
other officers were communicated directly to the troops. With a
single exception (the regiment from Chicago, 111.) the policy was
most enthusiastically received by the troops. /Die prejudice against
colored troops was quite general, and it required in the first instance
all my efforts to counteract it; but finally it was overcome, and the
blacks themselves subsequently by their coolness and determination
in battle fought themselves into their present high standing as
soldiers.
I found the treatment of the blacks varied very materially at the d i ffer-
ent military stations and by the operating columns. Some command-
ers received them gladly, others indifferently, whilst in very many
cases they were refused admission within our lines and driven off by
the pickets. They were thus obliged in numerous cases to return into
shivery. This resulted from the fact that no policy in regard to them
had been made known, but as soon as I had announced by your
authority the views of the President and yourself, all opposition to
their reception ceased. In this connection I may state that the gen-
eraHn-chief of these armies (Lieutenant-General Grant) earl}' took
steps to provide for the welfare of this unfortunate race, and detailed
humane clerg3'men as superintendents of contrabands to see to their
welfare. The general on all occasions gave me his hearty support,
and was ever ready to second my views. The policy, as I announced
it, was that all officers and enlisted men were required to treat the
blacks kindly and encourage their seeking the protection of the troops,
to be fed and clothe<l as far as possible until they could be able to
provide for themselves; the able-bodied men to be organized into regi-
ments, except such laborer as were required in the several staff corps
and departments— cooks for the troops and servants for the officers.
I also distinctly announced that if any officer should stand in the way
or oppose this policy I would not hesitate to dismiss him from the
service of the United States.
April 2 I addressed the troops at Columbus, Ky. April 4 explained
the plan to Major-General Hurlbut, commanding at Memphis, Tenn.,
and at his request authorized him to raise six companies of artillerists
to man the heavy guns in position at that place; also to organize
contrabands for work in the Quartermaster's Department. April H
addressed some 7,000 troops at Helena, Ark., commanded by Major-
General Prentiss. April 9 addressed Generals McArthur's and
Ix^an's divisions, of Major-General McPhei-son's cori>s. April 12, at
Milliken's Bend, La., joined the headquarter of the commanding gen-
eral (Lieutenant -General Grant). At this time, as we had possession
of the west bank of the Mississippi River, and could collect the
negroes, I liecame satisfied that 20,(XK) troops could be organize<l if
necessary, and fti-st made :\rrangementA for 10,000 and afterward for
another 10,0CX). In cases where I could not personally visit troops
operating at a distance I invariably made known to the generals in
command by communications what was desired, and urged upon them
the utmost zeal in carrying out the policy of tlie Government. In
regard to officering these regiments, I authorized commanding generals
of corps and divisions to assemble boards of officei*s to examine appli-
cants desiring commissions, and to be particularl}' careful to select
none but those whose hearts were in the work, and Vho would devot<^
themselves to elevate the blacks and endeavor to early bring them
120 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
into a high state of discipline. These generals were then desired to
famish rosters for regiments on which I would issue appointments
and give the necessary authority to raise the troops. I also authorized
the nrst sergeants of companies to be whites, but I soon found that
soldiers only took these positions to obtain promotion, and if not
made in a very short time dissatisfaction was the consequence. I
therefore changed the 'rule and urged colonels to select intelligent
blacks and instruct them. This system worked admirably, and I
have seen colored sergeants drill their squads as well as white ser-
geants could. The best class of officers, as a general thing, did not
offer themselves, owing to the prejudice existing against colored
troops and a number merely wanted higher positions; still, some good
and zealous officers were obtained. Afterward, when the prejudice
against this species of troops had been overcome, a higher class of
officers presented themselves, and in larger numbers than could be
appointed. By means also of frequent inspections by myself and two
officers of my staff, the careless and indifferent officers were gotten
rid of and more zealous ones appointed.
I remained with the troops until they crossed the Mississippi River
at Bruinsburg, Miss., May 1, and afterward visited the army on the
Big Black River May 5, and then returned up the river to Memphis,
Tenn., to visit the corps of Major-General Hurlbut. Visited the jwr-
tions of his corps as far as Corinth by a circuitous route by railroad
of some 160 miles, and addressed the troops at seven different stations
on the first day, twice co the troops and contrabands at Corinth sec-
ond day, and to the troops at six different stations on the third day,
returning to Memphis. The weather was excessively hot, and the
exposure and exertion, together with previous exposure, prostrated
me with sickness, and I was ordered by my physician to leave the
country. After several days of sickness at Memphis I proceeded to
Louisville, Ky., where I was compelled to remain in hospital over two
weeks. Before leaving Louisville (June 13) I authorized Col. William
A. Pile to raise troops under my instructions in the State of Missouri.
He rendered good service, and was subsequently rewarded by the
appointment of brigadier-general. Also, June 15 I addressed a com-
munication to Major-General Rosecrans, commanding Department of
the Cumberland, at Murfreesborough, Tenn., and urged him to carry
out the views of the Government, which I fully set forth to him.
August 2, having measurably recovered my health, I left for the
Southwest, and at Cincinnati, Ohio, August 5, authorized Major-Gen-
eral Burnside, commanding Department of the Ohio, on his entering
Tennessee, to organize colored troops. Likewise gave similar author-
ity to Major-General Schofield, who was about starting on an expedi-
tion into Arkansas. After the fall of Vicksburg I accompanied the
commanding general to New Orleans, La., to organize troops in the
Department of the Gulf, commanded by Major-General Banks. I
found, however, that the regiments of the C^rps d'Afrique, twenty-
nine in number, had been organized on the basis of 500, and, except
to authorize one regiment of cavalry, I directed that the regiments
should be filled up to the maximum standard of 1,000 before other
regiments would be authorized. This will account for there being no
additional regiments raised in that department except the one referred
to. The recruits obtained now brought these regiments up to that
standard. Maj. George L. Stearns, assistant adjutant-general, having
been ordered to Nashville, Tenn., to superintend the organization of
colored troops, reported to me. I found that he entered into the
duty with great zeal and rendered good service.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 121
In the middle of December I was compelled to leave the Mississippi
River in consequence of sickness. The year's ox)erations may be
summed up as follows:
Infiimiitof cavalry
iregiiDeats of bea\*y artillery.
4 btttcriM of lijrht artillery. . .
Mniiaeiitoof mfantry
liB^peadent company
Total
22
151
11
745
3
-a
390
3,95«
885
15,767
93
20,591
I
412
4,107
16,512
96
21,523
Tho ;U)«>vo numliei's ai-e taken from returns in the Adjutant-
General's Office, and are below the number actually enlisted, as the
loss in battle, by death, and by desertion could not have been less than
5,000. This may seem a large estimate, but it is known that raw
troops early contract disease, especially the measles, and it is further
known that when the blacks become sick, not having the vitality of
the white race, they sink under disease, and the percentage of mor-
tality is very great. The able-bodied men were largely employed in
the several staff departments, especially at the principal depots; also
by the troops themselves as cooks and servants, and some commanders
organized them into pioneer parties without being mustered into the
service of the United States. Many, induced by high wages, took
employment on the transports; others, again, readily found employ-
ment as wood-choppers, also as laborers in the towns on the river.
Admiral Porter stated to me that in the naval fleet under his command
he had 1,000 negroes. I state these facts to show why a larger num-
ber of colored men were not enlisted.
Col. A. Cummings, Nineteenth Regiment Pennsylvania Cavalry,
by your directions, reported to me in Philadelphia January 4, 1864,
for duty, and I ordered him to Little Rock, Ark., to superintend the
recruiting service in that State. He exerted himself, but as the
negroes had to a great extent been sent to Texas, comparatively few
vere obtained; still, some regiments were organized. He was sub-
J^equently made a brigadier-general.
While at Louisville, Ky., in the month of January, 1864, I satisfied
myself that from 5,000 to 7,000 negroes of Kentucky had passed the
border of that State into Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Tennessee, and
that many of them had enlisted into various organizations, some into
^ments being raised in the Eastern States; also that the entire
slave population of the State was in a state of ferment. This
induecil me to proceed to Frankfort, the capital, to present my views
to Governor Bramlette. This I did, and fully set forth my opinions,
urging them with what ability I possessed. I represented that slavery
*as forever at an end, to which the Governor assented, and that as
^be negroes were constantly passing the borders of the State, and it
could not be prevented, I urged that 1 might take the able-bodied
Dienand organize ihem into troops, whereby the owners of the negroes
'oold receive certificates of their muster and the State receive credit
on the quota for the draft. The Governor, while generally assenting
foniy positions, ui-ged that I would not establish recruiting stations
in the State, but desist from my purpose, stating that the subject was
122 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
one of peculiar delicacy to the people of Kentucky; that they did not
desire the General Government to interfere, and that as they desired to
manage the institution in their own way, he especially deprecated
any agitation at that time, stating, also, that Kentucky would come
up to the measure of her duty in this respect, and by legal enactment
provide for the extinction of slavery. I remarked that under their
present laws some four or five years would be necessary to fully
accomplish this measure. I conversed with most, and perhaps nearly,
all the members of the Legislature, which was then in session, all of
whom took the ground advocated by the Governor, and some of them
even requested that I should remove my recruiting stations in Ten-
nessee on the borders of Kentucky to a distance, which of course I
refused to do. Finding this feeling so prevalent in the State, I with-
drew from it without then doing anything. My action in this case I
reported to you from Louisville under date of February 1. The first
recruiting in Kentucky commenced at Paducah under Second Lieut.
J. Cunningham, Second Illinois Artillery, in February, pursuant to
a request made to you by the member of Congress from the First
District, in which Paducah is situated. The lieutenant was author-
ized to raise a regiment of artillery to mau the works at that place.
Brigadier-General Chetlain reported to me, and I assigaed him as
superintendent of the recruiting service in West Tennessee; after-
ward in the entire State. He proved a most valuable officer, for I
found him to possess intelligence and zeal, with a rare qualification for
the organization of troops. He never failed on any duty to which he
was assigned, either as a superintendent or as an inspector, to which
latter duty I also assigned him, and I am gratified that he was subse-
quently rewarded by the brevet of major-general.
February 9, Major Stearns having relinquished his position in Ten-
nessee as superintendent of the recruiting service, I appointed Capt.
R. D. Mussey, who had acted as his assistant. The sux)erintendettt
was subsequently made the colonel of the One hundredth Regiment of
Colored Troops, and continued to perform the duties of superintend-
ent until recruiting had ceased, and he rendered most efficient service.
He, too, has been proi)erly rewarded by having conferred upon him
the brevet of brigadier-general.
Having returned to Louisville, Ky., in June, I became satisfied that
the time had fully arrived for the organization of colored troops in
that State, as the negroes were rapidly coming to our military sta-
tions (my purpose of doing so I mentioned to you in Washington
and received your verbal sanction). Accordingly the 13th of June,
by my Order No. 20 of that date, I directed that recruiting should
commence throughout the entire State, and designated a camp of
reception in each Congressional district where the negroes would
be raceived and organized into regiments. I designated Brigadier-
General Chetlain as the superintendent, who entered upon the duty,
and continued in its performance until July G, when he was relieved
at the request of Major-General Burbridge, commanding in Kentucky,
made both to you and myself, who desired the superintendence, as he
had, as I well knew, taken special interest in this measure, advocat-
ing it on all proper occasions, and with benefit to the service, as he
was then the owner of many blacks.
Under these circumstances it was perfectly proper that the change
should be made, but I nevertheless regretted it, believing that his
higher duties of commander in Kentucky would prevent his personal
attention to the superintendency. The result proved as I had antici-
UNION AUTHORITIES. 123
pated, for he verj' soon (lelepite<l the cUities to another officer; fii*Ht
to Lieutenant-Colonel Hammond, and afterward to C'olonel Brisbin,
the latter of whom I placed at the head of the Fifth U. S. Colored
Cavalry. The reports of these officers came to me through Major-
General Barbridge, but they had nothing to do with the establishment
of the system, but only carried out what had been ordered.
At this time 1 found it next to impossible to obtain the necessary
medical officers for the colored regiments. The grade of surgeon
could readily be filled by the promotion of assistant surgeons of vol-
unteers, but few, except an occasional contract medical officer, would
take the position of assistant surgeon. As the sanitary condition of
the meu required a greater number of medical officers, I ordered on
the 8th of July Surg. B. W. Sargent, on my staff, to proceed to the
Eastern States and endeavor to procure from the graduates of the
medical schools as many physicians as possible, the number then
i^uired being some 120. By his energy and activity he procured
quite a number, who, having passed the medical board at Boston and
elsewhere, were duly appointed, and the service was greatly benefited
hy this measure.
July 16 Brigadier-General Pile was relieved as superintendent in
Missouri and assigned to duty in the field, and Brig. Gen. Thomas
Ewing, jr., stationed at Saint Louis, was charged with the duty, who
performed it satisfactorily and with ability.
May 1, 1865, pursuant to your instructions, I directed the discon-
tinuance of all recruiting of colored men in the Deparments of the
Missouri and Arkansas and the Military Divisions of the Mississippi
and West Mississippi, and also consolidated some of the incomplete
regiments, thus discontinuing three regiments in Kentucky, one in
Tennessee, and two in Arkansas. Before this order could be received
by the troops oi)erating in the field three additional regiments were
organized from the negroes gathered b}^ Major-General Wilson on his
march through Georgia under the standing instructions, and these
regiments were retained in service.
Very many of the regiments were filled to the maximum standard,
and others to the minimum of 800, when ordered to stations on the
Mississippi River and elsewhere, or sent to the field; but as recruit-
ing for them was continued, and nearly all received recruits after
organization, it is proper to estimate their numbers at the maximum
standard, up to which in mass they undoubtedly came.
The whole of my oi)erations in the West and Southwest in the
organization of colored troops may be given as follows:
MtMonri
1 rviuniciit of inrniitiy 36
Keoloekv :
5 regunentii of infantry 180
3 r^oMntii of cavalry 84
1 battery of Ukbtariillerr 5
SxBgimcataofheaTyartUlrry 204
Teancnee:
laiMdnMntaofiiifaotrT 408 .
3 baiteriCM of liffbt artillery IS (
3 regf menta «f heavy artillery 2<)4 I
MiegtaMBUofinftatry mh [ ]
•8
1
1
1,000
1,036
6,000
2,400
100
5,040
5,180
2,484
105
5,2U
13,000
SOO
5,040
4.000
13,468
315
5,244
14.504
124
C0BBE8P0NDENCE, ETC.
Alnhamn :
4 reifiments of infantrj'
Georgia:
8reciin«iitoof infuitiy
liiMiMippi:
Irei^iiMntofeaTalry
2 regiDMBU of beary artillery
6 regiment* of inCuitry
Arkanaaa:
1 battery of ligbt artillery. . . .
6 regiments of infantry
Louisiana:
1 regiment of cavalry
I batteriea of light artiUery . .
1 regiment of heavy artUleiy .
6 regimenta of inlhntry
Total
i
§
1
108
42
136
216
8.000
1,200
8,360
6,000
5 160
180 I 5,000
I
42 i 1.200
15 I 900
68 1,680
216 6.000
2.804 76,040
i
I
4.144
8.106
1,248
8,406
6.216
105
5.180
1,242
815
1.748
6,216
78,844
Two regiments v»cr3 organ izod in Kansas from negroes, I nnder-
stood, obtained from Arkansas, though not under my superintendence.
It may be proper to state that, while each State named above is
credited with certain regiments, the men did not always come from
there, and the companies of a regiment were sometimes made up in
two different States. A regiment of 1,000 men was recruited at
Evansville, Ind., from Kentucky negroes, and the latter State received
credit for them on her quota of the draft. This regiment is not
enumerated in the tabular statement.
BECAPITULATION.
Begiinents.
1
8
e
!
<
4 ivuinirntH (if rnvnlry
168
40
612
2,052
*'25
800
15.120
57,000
4,068
8 battf riee of liKht Httilh-rv ..
840
9 regiments of heavy Artillery
67 reffiments of infanlrv .......
,.
15,732
50,052
Total
2.872
77.720
80,502
I have the honor to bi% very reapectiullv, vonr obedient servant,
' L. THOMAS,
AdjiUant- Oeneral,
General Orders, ) War Deit., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 141. ) Washington, October 7, 1865.
I. Commanding generals of military departments and districts will
be allowed the following staff officer, and no others:
Oenerals commanding military departments. — One assistant adju-
tant-general, one assistant inspeotor-general, one chief quartennaster,
one chief commissary of subsistence, one medical director, one judge-
advocate, two aides-de-camp, to bo selected from officers of their
commands.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 125
Oenerals commanding distrids, — ^Two aides-de-camp, to be selected
from officers of their commands.
n. Greneral officers without military command are not allowed
aides-de-camp or other staff officers.
m. All officers serving on the staff of general officers not incladed
in the above allowance will be immediately relieved from snch duty.
The officers of the regular and volunteer regiments so relieved will be
ordered to join their regiments without delay, and the staff officers of
volunteers will be ordered to their homes tO'rejport thence by letter
to the Adjutant-General for instructions.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Acljutant- General.
General Orders, ) War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 146. f Washington^ October 9, 1866.
The allowance of means of transportation at all pobts east of the
Mississippi and immediately west of the Mississippi will be—
For posts garrisoned by one company, and for every two companies
at a post, one four-mule wagon.
All other public animals, wagons, spring wagons, and ambulances
will be immediately turned in and disposed of by the Quartermaster's
Department.
By command of Lieu tenant-General Grant:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Ad^vJtanUOeneraL
General Orders, | War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 149. I Washington, October Uy 1866.
Bt the President of the United States of America:
a proclamation.
Whereas, by a proclamation of the fifth day of Jtily» one thonisand eight hon-
dred and sixty-four, the President of the united States, when civil war was
flacpant, and when combinatioiui were in progress in Kentucky for the pnrpoae
of indtniK insurgent raids into that State, directed that the proclamation sua-
pending the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus should be made effectual hi
Kentucky, and that martial law should be established there, and continue until
said proclamation should be revoked or modified; and whereas, since then the
danger from insur^Kent raids into Kentucky has substantially passed away:
Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United
States, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution, do hereby
declare {hat the said proclamation of the fifth day of July, one thousand eight
hundred and sixty-four, shall be, and is hereby, modified in so far that maitial
law shall be no longer in force in Kentucky from and after the date hereof.
hi testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the
United States to be affixed.
Done at the city of Washington this twelfth day of October, in the year of
our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, and of the Independence of
the United States of America the ninetieth.
L. 8.] ANDBBW JOHNSON.
' the President:
W. HUNTER,
AeHng Secretary of State.
By order of the President of the United States:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant AdjiUanUOeneroL
fei
126 C0KKB8P0NDENCE, ETC.
General Orders, ) War Dbpt., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 152. 5 Washington, October 17, 1865.
Hereafter no person shall Iw arrested as a deserter for having failed
to report under any draft, or for any other non-compliance with the
enrollment act or the amendments thereto. Any and all persons of
this class now held will be immediately discharged.
By order of the Secretary of War:
K. D. TOWNSEND,
. l.s^- isfa nt A djuia n t- OeneruL
Headquarters Armib:s of the Unffed States,
Washington, October 20, 1865,
Hon. E. M. Stanton,
Secretary of War:
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of the reduc-
tion of the Army, and to make some suggestions for the reorganiza-
tion of the Regular Army. The surremler of the rebel armies and the
collapse of the rebellion rendered a large part of our military force
unnecessary, and immediate steps were taken to i-educe it by stopping
enlistments, discharging non-effectives, and the muster out of men
and regiments whose terms of service expired before given dates.
By the 1st of July, 18G5, the spirit in which the results of the war
were accepted by the South was known. Already two months have
passed without a collision of any importance between the soldiers of
the rebel army returned to their homes and our troops. Everywhere
submission was perfect, and all that was asked by them was permis-
sion to resume the ordinary pui-suits of civil life. The reduction of
the Army was now made by organizations, and (hiring the month of
July the two most important armies in the country — that of the Poto-
mac and of the Tennessee — returned to the people from whom they
had come four years before. Since that time the reiluction of troops
left in the Southern States Xo secure order and protect the freedmen
in the liberty conferred on them has been gradually going on in pro-
portion as continued quiet and good order have justi^ed it.
On the 1st of May, 1805, the aggregate of the military force of the
United States was 1,000,510 men.* On Octol)er 20th this had been
reduced, as it is estimated, to 210,000, and further reductions are still
being made. These mustera out were admirably conducted, 800,000
men passing from the Anny to civil life so quietly that it was scarcely
known, save by the welcomes to their liomes received by them. The
oixiinary process was to muster out the regiments in the field or wher-
ever they might l)e, transport them as organizations to the States from
which they came, and there pay them off and dischai^^e them from
service.
The apprehensions felt by some, of disturbance and disorder at so
vast a force being suddenly thrown upon the country to resume tlie
occupations of civil life after having l^en so long absent from them,
proved entirely unfounded, the soldiers showing by their conduct
that devotion to their country in the field is no disqualification for
devotion to it at homo.
At the l)egiuning of the war our small Regular Army was barely
adequate to protect our overland routes and our Indian frontier and
♦But see Vol. IV, of thi« series, p. 128;J, for a later official compilation showing
an aggregate of 1,052,038.
UNION AUTHOBITIES. 127
garrison onr sea-coast works. At its close we practically had no
Indian frontier, as the mines of the Rocky Mountains had scattered
settlements at numerous points along their slopes, and the force
employed in protecting these settlements and the overland routes was
doable that of the whole Regular Army at the beginning of the war.
In view of the vast extent of our country, the recent hostile condition
of a portion of it, with the possibility of future local disturbances
arising from ill-feeling left by the war or the unsettled questions
between the white and black races at the South, I am pf the opinion
that a Regular Army of 80,000 men is needed, and would recommend
the following legislation.*
Very resi)ectfully, your obedient Horvant,
IT. S. GRANT,
Tjienieuant-Genend,
Wak Departmknt, Adjutant-General's ofpick,
Washmyton, October 20, 1806.
Hon. Edwin M. Stanton,
Secretary of War:
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following reiwit of the oper-
ations of this department for the past year :
RECRUITING FOR THE REGULAR ARMY.
From October 31, 1804, to October 1, 1805, the number of recruits
enlisted, for all arms, is 10,555. (Statement A.)
The recruiting service for the Regular Army is progressing favor-
ably. The regiments suffered so severely in their many battles that
they were left at the tennination of active hostilities, almost without
exoeption, reduced to mere skeleton organizations. They have now
been distributed to stations and are rapidly filling up, thus enabling
the department to relieve volunteer regiments as fast as they can be
transported to their homes and paid.
There are two principal depots for the general recruiting service,
one at Fort Columbus, New York Harbor, for infantry, and one at
Carlisle Barracks, Pa., for mounted troops. The of&oers detailed
from the several regiments for recruiting duty are stationed in such
localities as give promise of success, and their recruits are sent in
parties to the depots, whence they are forwarded to the regiments to
which they may be assigned. Besides this, the several regiments
recruit their own ranks, as far as practicable, from the country adja-
cent to their posts.
AUTHORIZED STRENGTH AND ORGANIZATION OF THE REGULAR ARMY.
The authorized strength of tlie i-egular legimentw of the Army,
siipiK)sing each company full, is as follows:
Oftic«ra. Men,
6ngiBMBUorcav»lry(7Seoni|NiiiiM) 204 I 7.M8
SrcguMiiUorftitilleiyCMconipaniefl) 273 , 4,890
10 rennenU ol iiifRDtry. single battalion (100 comiKiiiiM} 340 | 8,360
9 rssnnenta of infantry , each 3 battalioua ol 8 curapaiiioa (216 compauiea) 093 < 21, 321
ToUl 1,S70 I 41,819
^-Remaixider of this letter (here omitted) relates to the reorganization of the
Begalar Army.
128 CORBE8PONDENCE, ETC.
This calculation is made on the basis of forty-two privates to a
company at all but frontier posts. The total strength, upon the bsusis
of 100 enlisted men to a company, would be 1,570 officers, 45,751 men.
By existing acts of Congress the strength of companies is limited
to the following number of private soldiers:
The ten old regiments of infantry and four old regiments of artil-
lery— forty-two privates per company (act of August 23, 1842), except
when serving on the Western frontier, or at remote and distant sta-
tions, when the allowance is seventy-four privates per company.
(Act June 17, 1850.)
The nine new regiments of infantry, three battalions each of eight
companies — eighty-two privates per company. (Act July 29, 1861.)
Eight light artillery companies — sixty-four privates i)er company.
(Act June 17, 1850.)
Twelve companies of the Fifth Artillerj' — 122 privates per company.
(Act July 29, 1861.)
Six regiments of cavalry, each twelve companies — seventy-eight
privates per company. (Act July 17, 1862.)
There is no good reason for such dissimilarity in the several organ-
izations, and much inconvenience really arises from it. A company
of forty-two privates is not sufficient for the ordinary duties of a gar-
rison, and 122 privates are not needed except for a battery of six
pieces serving in the field. It is recommended that all companies of
the Regular Army be allowed 100 enlisted men as the maximum
standai^, leaving to the War Department to regulate the strength of
companies within that limit as may be demanded by the nature of the
service at the various stations. It is not probable that this maximum
would often be reached, but emergencies sometimes arise when it
becomes a matter of great importance, and also of economy, to have
large companies instead of mere platoons for immediate active duty.
STATIONS OF THE REGULAR ARMY.
The following is the present disposition of the i-egular artillery
regiments :
SECOND U. 8. ARTILLERY.
On the Pjicific coast.
TH1UI> U. S. ARTILLERY.
Fort Sullivan, Eastport, Me., one company.
Foi-t Preble, Portland, Me., one company.
Fort Constitution, Portsmouth, N. 11., one company.
Fort Warren, Boston, Mass., the I'egimental headquarters and three
fompanies.
Fort Independence, Boston, Mass., one company.
Fort Adams, Newjwrt, R. I., three companies.
One light battery, C, Division of the Mississippi.
Olio light battery, E, Department of North Carolina.
Detachments from some of these companies will Ik? placed at the
unfinished forts and batteries along the coast near their stations.
FIRST U. 8. ARTILLERY.
Fort Trumbull, New Ix)ndon, Cpnn., one company.
Fort Schuyler, N. Y., throe companies.
Foit Lafayette, New York Harbor, one comptiny.
UNION AUTHORITISa 129
Fort Hamilton, New York Harbor, the regimental headquarters and
two companies.
Fort Richmond and Batteries Hudson and Morton, New York Har-
bor, two companies.
Sandy Hook, N. J., one company.
8siu|KSS:s:}^^^-"«'*'^««">'-
FOURTH U. S. ABTILLERY.
Fort Delaware, Del., two companies.
Fort McHenry, Baltimore, Md., two companies.
Fort Washington, Md., the regimental headquarters and one com-
pany.
Fort Foote, Md., one company.
Forts around Washington, four companies.
FIFTH U. 8. ABTILLBBY.
Fort Monroe, Old Point Comfort, Va., the regimental headquarters
and four companies.
Fort Taylor, Key West, Fla., two companies.
Fort Jefferson, Dry Tortugas, Fla., four companies.
One light battery, F, Department of Vii'gina.
One light battery, G, Division of the Mississippi.
All the companies, except two of each regiment of artillery, have
been dismounted, and their horses and batteries turned over to the
proper staff departments. The dismounted companies have been
assigned to permanent fortifications on the sea-board. The two bat-
teries in each regiment are retained under the provisions of the acts
of March 2, 1821, and March 3, 1847.
All sea-coast forts south of Fort Monroe, except Forts Taylor and
Jefferson, Fla., are to be garrisoned by colored troops.
OF THE CAVALRY RBOIMENT8.
The First, Fourth, and Sixth Regiments are assigned to the Divis-
ion of the Gulf in the Southwest.
The Second and Third Regiments to the Division of the Missouri.
The Fifth Regiment is divided between the Departments of Wash-
ington, the Middle Department, and the Division of the Tennessee.
The single-battalion infantry regiments are assigned as follows:
FOURTH U. 8. INFANTRY.
Fort Brady, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., two companies.
Fort Wayne, Detroit, Mich., the regimental headquarters and two
comi>anies.
Fort Niagara, N. Y., one company.
Fort Ontario, Oswego, N. Y., one company.
Madison Barracks, Sackett's Harbor, N. Y., two companies.
Rouse's Point, N. Y., two companies.
Tlie First Regiment U. S. Infantry is in the Department of Louisi-
ana.
9 R R — SERIES lU, VOL V
130 COBRE8POND£NGE, ETC.
The Second in the Department of Kentucky.
The Third and Tenth are in the Division of the Missouri.
The Fifth is in New Mexico.
The Sixth in the Department of South Carolina.
The Seventh in the Department of Florida.
The Eighth in the Middle Department.
The Ninth on the Pacific Coast.
The three battalion regiments of infantry are assigned as follows:
The Eleventh and Seventeenth Regiments are recruiting and organ-
izing preparatory to assignment.
- The Twelfth Regiment is assigned to the Department of Virginia.
The Thirteenth, Eighteenth, and Nineteenth Regiments are assigned
to the Division of the Missouri.
The Fourteenth is on the Pacific Coast.
The Fifteenth and Sixteenth Regiments are in the Division of the
Tennessee.
BNIISTMBNT OF MINORS AS MUSICIANS.
The act of July 4, 1864, section 6, and the act of March 3, 1864,
section 18, make it an offense to enlist any minor under the age of
sixteen years. It is recommended that this act be modified so far as
to authorize a limited number, say 100, of boys, not under twelve
years, as musicians, provided the consent of parent or guardian is
previously obtained. Until the passage of the act referred to a
detachment of boys was kept under instruction at each of the recruit-
ing depots. They were not only carefully trained as young soldiers
and musicians — i, c, drummers, fifers, and buglers — ^but were well
taught in the common school branches at the post school. Many of
these boys have turned out good scholars and excellent soldiers,
reaching, as their age matured, to the grades of non-commissioned,
and even of conunissioned officers.
DEDUCTION OP PAY FROM OFFICERS ON LKAVB.
By section 31, act of March 3, 1863, and section 11, act of June 20,
1864, it is provided that officers on leave of absence for a longer period
than thirty days in one year shall receive only half of the pay and
allowances prescribed by law, and no more. It is recommended that
this provision be now repealed. It operates to the serious disadvan-
tage of valuable officers who have earned a longer respite from duty
than tliirty days, and who probably, through a series of years, may
have been absent in all less than thirty days. At the same time it
places no restriction on those who serve little with their regimento,
but habitually report on surgeon's certificate of ill-health.
SERGEANTS FOR SUPERINTENDENTS OF CEMETERIES.
There are now in existence some forty National Cemeteries, sad
monuments of mortality among our soldiers during the war. It is
recommended that an act of Congress shall provide for the enlistment
of a disabled soldier as a superintendent for each cemetery, who shall
have the same pay and allowances as an ordnance-sergeant, and Ih»
charged with the care and preservation of the grounds and all their
UNION AUTHOaiTIES. 131
appartenanoes. An analogy to this proposed measare may be found
in the ordnance-sergeants of the Army, appointed under the act of
April 5, 1832, for the care of ordnance stores at posts.
REPORTS OF BATTLES.
Much attention and labor has been expended upon the preparation
of the documents relating to the rebellion, required to be printed by
resolution of May 19, 1864. Eight volumes, with maps and indexes,
have been completed and sent to the Public Printer. The greater
part of the other rejiorts of battles, marches, &c., have been copied
and arranged, but await the receipt of some important reports, which,
though repeatedly called for, have not been furnished, and are
requisite to preserve the chronological order.
REGISTER OP VOLUNTEERS.
The Register of Volunteer Officers called for by resolution approved
June 30, 1864, will be completed by the time Congress assembles,
and all the manuscript will by that time be in the hands of the
Public Printer. As will be seen by examination, it is a work of
considerable magnitude, embracing some 200,000 names of officers.
No pains have been spared to make it a full and accurate record of
every volunteer regiment received into the U. S. service during the
war.
VOLUNTEER SERVICE.
The accompanying statement, marked B, will show the number of
volunteer recruits, drafted men, and substitutes forwarded to the
field (aggregate 202,117), and of volunteers, drafted men, and militia
mustered out and discharged (aggregate 61,000), under the direction
of this office, from November 1, 1864, until April 30, 1866.
When the work came of disbanding the large armies no longer
required by the exigencies of the service, the plan suggested by
experience, which had been successful with smaU bodies, was con-
tinued. The same machinery of mustering officers and depots which
had been employed in recruiting has been used in discharging. As
many regiments as could be at one time furnished with means of
transportation and funds for paying them oflP, have been sent home
with their organization entire, from time to time as they could be
spared from the department in which they were serving, beginning
with those whose terms of service would soonest expire. The regi-
ments have been mustered out of service on rolls carefully prepared
to exhibit the dues from the Government to each soldier. The rolls,
boxed up and sent under charge of an officer, have arrived at the
State rendezvous simultaneously with the regiments. The officers of
each regiment have been held to a strict accountability, under pain
of forfeiture of an honorable discharge and pay, for the good behavior
of the enlisted men until all were finally paid their dues and furnished
with discharges within a few miles of their homes. Witl^ rare excep-
tions the conduct of these gallant regiments, coming from every part
of the North, has been most admirable in maintaining the strict dis-
cipline which made them successful in battle, until they were released
132 CORRESPONDBNCB, ETC.
from militaiy reBtraint and had separated, each to his home and his
civil avocation. Too much praise cannot be gl%'en the nomerona
corps of mustering officers and pajrmasters, whose fidelity is attested
by the large numbers (800,963) of men discharged and i>aid within a
brief period, as shown in the annexed statement B. Nor can the
extraordinary facilities ofl!ered by the several railroad companies for
transporting such large bodies of men fail to attract attention. No
apology is made for alluding to these matters in this report, for they
are facts of the utmost significance in connection with the military
power and resources of this country. Statement C shows the force in
service May 1, 1864, and March 1, 1865, respectively.
COLORED TROOPS.
For statistics and information in regard to the colored troops, refer-
ence is invited to the accompanying report of the able chief of the
Bureau for Colored Troops, attached to this office. The number at
present retained in service is about 85,024, out of 186,097, the whole
number, officers and men, mustered in since it was first decided to
employ them.
The general orders and circulars annexed to this report will give
useful information concerning movements of the Army.*
By systematic classification of the varied duties of this department,
the officers intrusted with each branch have been able promptly and
successf ullv to accomplish all that could in reason be expected of
them, and they, together with the admirable clerks — mostly taken
from the armies — ^by whom they were so ably assisted, are entitled to
the warmest commendation.
The officers of the Adjutant-General's Department are employed as
follows:
One brigadier-general on special service.
One colonel in charge of the Adjutant-Oeneral's Office,. War
Department.
One colonel and six majors, assistants in the Adjutant-Generars
Office.
One lieutenant-colonel and one major, on duty at the Headquarters
of the Army.
One lieutenant-colonel and two majors, on duty at headquarters of
military divisions and departments.
One lieutenant-colonel, Provost-Marshal-G^neral.
One lieutenant-colonel and one major awaiting orders.
One major on duty in the Provost-Marshal-Generars Bureau.
One major on leave of absence.
One major on duty in the War Department.
I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant AdjiUant-Oeneral.
•See General Orders, Noe. 101,105,106,114,119.121,141, and 146. and Circulars
Nob. 19, 26, 28, 80, 81, 85, 89, 41, 44, and 46, pp. 48, 48, 49, 54, 62, 65, 124, 125, 24, 56, 61, 65,
08, 96, 96, 98, 108, 156, respectively.
UNION AUTHORITIES.
138
A. — Statement of the number of enlutments and re-enlistments in the Regular
Army from October SI, I864, to October i, 1866,
(Compiled from rsporto forwarded to tble offloe by reomitlng oflkoert.)
General aervioe 4,
Moimted service 8,
Iflt GftTalry
ad Cavalry
3d Cavalry
4th Cavalry
5thCavalry
eth Cavalry
Iflt Artillery
dd ArtiUery.
8d Artillery
4thArtm0ry
5Ui Artillery
lat Infantry
ad Infantry
8d Infantry
4thInfBntry
5thlnfantry •
Okhlnfantry
698
088
181
16
6
24
42
87
149
7
867
182
165
44
869
9
80
88
140
7th Infantry .
8thlnfantry
9th Infantry .
10th Infantry
11th Infantry
12th Infantry
18th Infantry
64
116
241
18
968
694
742
Uthlnfantry 1,762
16thlnfantry 1,208
lOthlnfantry 804
nthlnfantry 761
ISthlnfantry 862
lOthlofantry 698
Engineer Corps 287
Ordnance Corps 209
MiUtary Academy -* 260
Total-- 19,666
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Ad^futant'Oeneral,
Wab Dspartmbmt, Ai>jx7tant-Gsnibral*8 Offick,
Washinfftcn, November 14, 1866.
B. — EaMbit of recruits-^ixAunteera, drafted, and substitutes— for old and new
organizations, forwarded to the field; volunteers, drafted men, and mUitia
mustered out and discharged from the service of the United States under the
dhreeticn of the AdHutant-OeneraTs Office, from November 1, 1864, to November
16^1866,
FO&WABDSD TO FISLD.
Volanteeni for 1, 2, and 8 yean.
1
«
1
1
1
1
AlAbems
251
2,962
ArkAiiirm
172
CtelifomiA
251
Ckikmdo
OmiMMftieiit
1,457
8,710
i.a«
1
180
'«
^•^
IMAwaw
yioridA
10
Geoncto
2,707
ininois
10
15
M
15.880
12,554
6.804
6.087
1.480
29.518
Tiulivjifi^,
28.251
Iowa
2,526
Titidfftii Teixltvry
^■^nee "
525
1,250
918
2.836
4,439
549
"65*
1,264
500
Kootneky
2
i:857*
"•S
Loai^ftzui
Maine
80
2.806
1.590
2.180
100
1,686
698
8.245
5,448
3,114
M«Tl4lll4
8
4
16
800
818
1.967
Miehican
MiioMwita I
a Aaoipiod to old reglioanU ia wfaioh then wen Taoanoiaa for oomiMuilaa.
b Indndea new organisations (colored).
c The nnmber opposite Maryland inolodee those forwarded ftom Delawan.
134 C0BBE8P0MD£NGE, ETC.
B.—Exhibit of recruU9--w)lu7Ueer9, drafted, and subsHtutea, <te.--Ooiitmtied.
FORWARDED TO FIELD-Conttoned.
Volonteers for 1, a, and 3 years.
1
1
i
New orgaDisations.
SUte.
&
9
i
1
1
1
IfiuiMioDi
M,412
1,254
648
2,190
B,4U
ftl.781
6. 097
7,600
655
52,015
52,487
L4IS
fflltimf...:::::::::::
2
2'
2.183
176
278
2,795
8,614
6,228
6^012
2
3
6
:::;:::•:
ten
Hew JeraoT
6,0a
NewYoVk.::::::::::.::.::
18,487
North Cirolina .
1,781
Ohio
U
8
14,371
8,907
172
2,846
28.314
P^nntvlvmofft T T r ,
62
2
§868
Rhode Island
S
Sonth Carolina
2L015
TennfMSM
S,487
Texas
Vermont
839
5715
210
2
206
68
L113
Virsinia
715
WeatVirffinia
4
13
868
5,541
447
3,272
905
1,020
Wisconsin
1,710 1 5
10,523
District of Colnmbia
170
1,078
1
U. R volanteera
,
j
TTnclasnifled T7... ,
1 1
1 1 1 1
Total
77,921
68
218 1 1
70,806
58,880
202,117
a Assigned to old regiments in which there were racancies for companies.
b Inclndee new organisations (colored).
MUSTERED OUT AND RETURNED TO THEIR HOMES.
From Nov. 1, 1864. to ^
April 30, 1865.
From May 1. 1865. to Nov. 15,
1865.
State.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
»
1
i
|6tfi
1
Alabama
1
6
622
4,688
2
1
684
A rk Ansan
1
4,680
California I
Colorado 1
1
21
5
566
13,992
2.943
566
Connecticut......
1
1
1
212
712
8
1
26
6
1
14,280
Delaware
3.661
Florida .
1
Georgia
nituois
1
1
5
11
5
""3
1.498
2.220
416
102
00
84
3
15
21
2
19
15
42
84
11
2
26
25
2
68,922
60.083
28,511
2.139
7.681
12.124
1.156
15. 576
11.786
34,003
27.835
8.640
150
65
22
70. 570
Indiana . . ^ . , .
62,368
Iowa
23,953
Indian Territory* .... ' . , . . r -
2.139
Xanaas ^
10
20
1
2
677
9,466
4
2
17
1
1
8
3
15
10
1
2
14
8,810
Kentucky
17
21,604
1,156
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
4
......
I
1
11
......
677
261
5,523
223
57
31
10
64
47
17
16,284
12,036
89,590
28,106
Mljmesoto 1
8,714
alnelnding IndlTidnal musters out
UNION AUTHOBITIK8. 185
B. — EaehibU of reenUU—^volunteers, drafted, and substitutes^ <te.— Oontiniied.
MnSTKRED OUT AND RBTURNED TO THEIR HOMBS-Gonttaiied.
From Nov. 1, 18C4, to
April 30, 18«5.
From May
1, 1865, to Not. 15,
1865.
Statu.
i
t
}
1
1 '^
II
1
i
p51
1
HiMiaah>i>i
I
28
16
21
153
3
426
426
iSSSrf:...::::::::::::::.
9.842
320
247
4.358
......
8
1
5
35
18,214
»;oi8
18.770
117, 206
2.248
81.704
102,450
4,795
15 22, 571
New Hampahire
2
1
13
10 0. 354
KevJeracT
15 19, 0({2
New York.
6
1
191 j 121.755
North CanOlna
1
106
116
4
2,249
Ohio
P4iia«jlTaiiiia ..............
4
10
10
12
5
1.080
7,500
122
118
4
1
80
14
6
83.496
110,060
ium4« inlaml
6
4; 799
Soath Carolina
Teaaewee
1.044
23
1
12
5
14.586
853
9,402
98
12.104
30.004
2.699
8 1 16.540
TftXM
853
9,827
98
12,957
TennoBt
1
310
i
1
4
2
......
15
25
Tlprinia
We«t Vfrcinia
1
4
851
1.5$6
16
40
4
2
"WinwTOitn , .
2
1
32
31,592
District of OoIamUa
2,699
EeodecToiia for volanteen.
6 10.038
10,938
V. S. rolnD tears
10
3
3
10,075
25,087
48,947
2
10,077
25.087
1
48,947
Total
68
100
14
61.000
1. 000 i 42
226
799.978
M5
861, 0C8
a Inolndiag IndiTidoal mnateni out.
h Drafted tnbfltltatea and volunteerB.
RECAPITULATION.
Forwarded to Hold 202,117
Kutered oat and ratomed to their homes 861,963
Total 1,064,080
REMARKS.
The rapidity with which the work of mustering out and disbanding the Volun-
teer Army was ezecnted will be apparent from the f oUowing, showing the numbers
nrastered out to the dates set opixxdte them, respectively, viz :
Aug. 7,1865 640,806
Aug. 22,1865 719,338
Sept 14,1865 .• 741,107
Oct. 15, 1865 785,205
NoT.15,1865 800,963
The command of Major-General Sherman (Army of the Tennessee and Army of
Georgia) and the Army of the Potomac were the first to complete their musters
out entirely. Raiments commenced leaving (General Sherman's command — then
numbering, present and absent, 116,183 officers and men — from the rendezvous
near this city on the 29th of May, and on the Ist of Aup^st the last one of the
regiments mustered out left Louisville, Ky., to which point the command (after
the musters out therefrom were partlv completed) was tran^erred and the armies
composing it merged into one, called the Army of the Tennessee. The work of
mustering out the troops was not continuous, it having been interrupted and
delayed by the transfer of the two armies from this city to Louisville, and their
subwquent consolidation. Regiments commenced leaving the A^y of the Poto-
mac (then numbering, including Ninth Corps, 162,851 officers and men, present
and absent) from the rendezvous near this city on the 29th of May, and about six
136
CORBESPONDfiKCE, ETC.
weeks tlief«affcer(Jid7 19) the but radmentfltarted for h^^ I>iiti]|g the inter-
r$X the workflike that for General Shennan's command, was not continnoas, it
being intemroted and deUiTed by the movement of the Sixth GorpB from Dan-
Tille, Va., to tnie city and the consolidation, by orders of Jnne 28, A the remain-
ing portion of the army into a proTisUmal corps, nnmbering, present and absent,
22,009 oiScers and men. Thns, for the two commands in question, and between
the 29tii €d May and the Ist of August (two months), 279,084 ofBoers and men,
present and absent, were mustered out ana placed en route to tlieir homes. Inclnd-
iDg other armies and departments, the number was increased by August 7 (two
months and seren days) to640,806 olBoers and men. From ihe foregoing it is seen
that the mass of the forces dischaived were mustered out hj September 14, or
within two months anda half from tne time the moyementa of troops homeward
commenced. The average per month during that time is 396,443.
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
AMtiatant A^pUant-Oeneral,
War Dbpabtkxivt, Ai>jxrrAST^KmaLAi/s Offick,
November 16, 1866.
C.—Eaavantoftheforeesofthe United States on the lei of May, I864.
▲nny or department
lilt
i
1
TWnMWanMit tkf We«hlBffi(ni r
j ,
Armyof thePotonuM..''.
U0.384
66,130
18.166
61,866
23.666
74»170
15.776
5.S6
476
119. M8
35,416
6,546
PreeeDt, eiek In field hospitals ornnfit; ail, 286
for doty. 1
Ahsent on detached anrvioe . . 100 S48
Ahaent with leaTO, incloding prisoners J 666, 280
DeDotmentof theTennaMee
Absent, in Keneral hoepitals and on 676*878
siok leaTO at home.
Thnrnrtmrnttrf the 11 feaonrl
Absent without authority
616,488
Grand aggregate, present and
ahaent.
HMdoQArtere MUitarr DlTUion of the
870.710
Northern DepMtment
30,782 !
2,.828
2.V70
5,627
20,780
Depertmeut of the SaMoehaDD*
Depiurtaientof HewMexloo
3,454 .
DeoerteieBtof tbePMllio
5,141
Total
a662,846
a Taken from monthly returns.
6 Taken firom tri«monthly returns.
*An examination of the orignal returns for April 80, 1864 (from which the
numbers in this column were compiled) , shows that all officers and men reported
as *' present for duty," *' on extra or daily duty," and *' in arrest or confinement,"
are here included under the head of ** aggregate present available for duty."
UKIOH AUTH0BITIB8.
187
CSoBhOrit ofthefareetofthe UnUed Staiet an the Itt of Marehy JS65--CofDrd.
(ICade op from tri-monthly retiinu.)
Amy or depftrtamit.
SnnuBftry.
UtaiyDlTisloii of the
Headqiiarten MiUtary DlviBion of the
MiMlMtpvL
Oepartmoii t of tho Cumberland
Department of tbeTenneaMe
Len Wing, Army of Oeonda.
CaTalrr Gorpe, MlUtaij Dtrii
MiMlMlppr
HaAdqimrten MUltanr Dfrlsion of West
MlMlealppL
B«Mrve BriAdet Mflltarr Dlylslon of
WeetSCiMlMippl.
Department of the Golf
Departmentof Arkansai
Department of the liiaeimlppl
Sixteenth Axmr Corpa
Beadqnarten ICmtary Divialon of the
Mlaaoori.
Departmentof the MiMOorl
Department of the Northwest
Headquarters Middle MUitory Division.
Cavalry ForoeaMfddleMQitaijDiTisioii.
Nineteenth Army Corps
Middle Department
Department of Washington ....
Department of West Vurginia .
Departmmit of Pennsylvania . .
Departmentof the East
Departmentof Virginia
Department of North Carolina.
Departmentof the Sooth
Departmentof Kentooky
Northern Department
Departmentof the Padflc
Department of New Mezieo. .. .
108,278
17
88,686
46,648
81,644
87,410
18,748
85,625
84,608
84,151
14,805
12
18,557
4.781
841
12.080
6,612
2.060
86,066
15,517
880
7,462
45.066
34.045
11.510
10,666
11.820
7,024
2.501
Brooght forward— present avallaUa for
Present, slok in Held hospitals or onflt
for doty.
Absent on detached servioe
Absent with leave. Indoding prisoners
of war.
Absent in general hospitals and on
slek leave at home.
Abaent withont aothority
602.686
35.688
182,688
81.686
148,448
10.688
Grand aggMgate. pnseot snd
a866.601
Total..
608.608
aBy the let of May. 1865, the aggregate nomber (065,501) was Increased to 1,000.516 by additional
enllstroeuts.t
THOMAS M. VINCENT.
Aatistant Addjutant-Oeneral.
War Depaktment. Adjutant-Genbral's Office,
November 18y 1865.
{Indoaors.]
Adjt. Gkn.'s Office, Bureau for Colored Troops,
Washington, D. C, October 20, 1866,
General: To the 101,950 colored soldiers in the service of the
United States at the date of my last report, the following additions
have been made during the year, namely:
17 regiments of infantry, aggregate strength 16.301
2 regiments of heavy artillery , aggregate strength 2, 708
2 batteries light artillery, aggregate strength 251
1 regiment of cavalry, anpregate strength 1,255
Recmits, drafted men, and snostitntes sent to old regiments 29,099
Total gain, 49,609
* An examination of the origpoial returns for Febmary 28, 1865 (from which the
nnmbers in this column were compiled), shows that all officers and men reported
as ** present for duty," ** on extra or daily duty," and " in arrest or confinement,"
are here included tmder the head of '* aggregate present available for duty."
f But see a later official cominlation for April 80, 1865 (Vol. lY, this series, p.
1283), which gives.an aggregate of 1,052,088.
138
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Four thousand two hundred and forty-four recruits were enlisted at
the rendezvous established in the didloyal States and credited to loyal
States under section 3 of the act of Congress approved July 4, 1864.*
On the 15th of July, 1865, the date on which the last organization
of colored troops was mustered in, there were in the service of the
United States —
▲ggmgato.
120 regiments of infantry 08, 938
12 regiments heavy artillery 15,<)02
10 batteries light artillery 1,811
7 regiments cavalry 7,245
Total 128,156
The foregoing is the largest number of colored troops in service at
any one time during the war.
The entire number of troops, commissioned and enlisted, in this
branch of the service during the war is 186,097.
The States in which this force was recruited or drafted are as fol-
lows, namely:
Maine 104
NewHampslftire... 125
Vermont...* 120
Rhode Island 1,887
Massachnsetts 3,966
Ck>nnecticnt 1,764
New York 4,125
New Jersey. 1,185
Pennsylvania 8, 612
Delaware 954
Maryland 8,718
District of Columbia 8,269
Virginia 5,728
West Virginia 196
Alabama 4,969
Mississippi 17,869
Louisiana 24,052
Arkansas 5, 526
Tennessee -. 20,188
Kentucky 28,708
Michigan 1,887
Ohio 6,093
Indiana 1,537
Illinois.. 1,811
Missouri 8,844
Minnesota 104
Iowa 440
Wisconsin 165
North Carolina 5,035
South CaroUna 6,462
Georeia 8,486
Florida 1,044
Kansas 2,080
Texas 47
Colorado Territory 95
State or Territory unknown ... 5, 896
Total enlisted 178,975
Officers 7,122
Aggregate 186,097
The loss during the war, from all causes except muster out of organ-
izations in consequence of expiration of term of service or because
service was no longer required, is 68,178.
The number of colored troops already mustered out, or under orders
for muster out, is as follows, namely :
82 r«B:imeiits of infantrv
2 inaependent companies and band
2 reKimoDts of heavy artillery
4 batteries of light artillery
Iregimentof cavalry
Total .
igtb.
28,354
1?2
8,007
571
1,130
33,234
* This nomber was subeequently changed to 5,052.
p. 1270.
See Vol. IV, this series,
UNION AUTHOBITnCS. 139
The number of organizations discontinued during the war, by con-
solidation or transfer, and their strength when discontinued, is as
follows, namely:
Aggregate
strength.
17 ragtmants of infantry
1 regiment of heavy artOlery. .
Total
9,887
0,044
The aggregate of colored troops remaining in service, after the exe-
cution of all orders to this date for muster out of organizations, is as
follows, namely:
Aggregate
■trength.
83 regimenta of infantry
• regimenta of faeaTy artillery.
6 light batteriee of artillery. . .
6 regimenta of cayalry
08,078
U,804
701
6.866
Total.
86.0S4
There have been received at this office since June 1, 1863 —
Applications for appointment 9,019
Ciindidates examined by the Board 8,790
Candidates rejected by the Board .,1,472
Candidates appointed 2,818
Total nmnber of appointments and promotionB 8,678
Provisional appointments made by department commanders confirmed at
this office i81
White soldiers discharged to accept appointment 1,787
For further details respecting examinations, appointments, resigna-
tions, and matters of a kindred nature, attention is respectfully invited
to appendix marked 6,* in which will also be found an exhibit of the
organizations discontinued by consolidation, muster out, and those
remaining in service.
The reputation of the organization for efficiency, good conduct, and
reliability has steadily advanced; and the reports of officers of the
Inspector-General's Department, so far as they have come to the
knowledge of this office, are very satisfactory as to its present
condition.
The commission appointed for the State of Delaware, under the
provisions of section 24 of the act of Congress approved February
24, 1864, having been dissolved, there is at this time in session,
under the provisions of the act referred to, only the commission or
board for the State of Maryland, which has been in session since
October, 1864.
The whole number of claims for compensation on account of the
enlistment of slaves in the service of the United States, filed with the
boards in both the above States, is 3,971.
Compensation, varying in amount, was awarded upon 733 of these
claims; 294 have been rejected by the commissions as not being well
founded, and the remainder are still before the Board. The total
* Omitted.
140 CORBE8PONDEN0E, ETC.
amount of compensation awarded loyal owners is $213,883. Twenty-
five claims have been paid, amounting in the aggregate to $6,9(X),
leaving 708 claims unpaid, amounting to $206,983. Ninteen thousand
nine hundred and thirty dollars and forty cents have been expended
in salaries of members of boards and to defray the current expenses
of the same, including rent of rooms, purchase of fuel, stationery,
<fec., making the total expenditures to this date $26,830.40.
In closing this report it affords me pleasure to acknowledge the
important services rendered the Bureau by Maj. F. W. Taggard, assist-
ant adjutant-general of volunteers, in charge of rollaand returns, and
Maj. A. F. Rockwell, assistant adjutant-general of volunteers, general
assistant and disbursing oficer. To their efioient and cordial co-opera-
tion may be attributed whatever of success has been attained in the
management of the Bureau.
The employes of the ofice, all originally detailed from the volun-
teer service, have zealously and faithfully discharged the duties
assigned them.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
C. W. FOSTER,
Asaista/rU Ac^tUant- General Volunteers.
Bvt. Brig. Gen. E. D. TowNSKND,
Assistant Adjutant-General^ U. S. Army^ Washingtony D. C
War Department, Ordnance Office,
October 20, 1866,
Hon. E. M. Stanton,
Secretary of War:
Sir: I submit the following report of the principal operations of the
Ordnance Department during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1865, with
such remarks and recommendations as the interests of that branch of
the military service seem to require:
The fiscal resources and the disbursements of the dex)artment during
the year were as follows, viz:
Amoant of appropriations remainiiu: in the Treasnry Jnne 80, 1864. $4, 978, 791. 97
In the Gk)yemment depositories, to the credit of disbursing officers,
on same date 1,797,887.16
Amoant of appropriations from Jnne 80, 1864, to Jnne 80, 1866,
including the fixed annnal appropriation for arming and equip-
ping the militia --. 88,800,000.00
Beceiyed since June 80, 1864, on account of damages to arms in
hands of troops, from sales of arms to officers, and of condenmed
stores, and from all other sources not before mentioned 907, 476. 97
Total 45,783,656.10
Amount of expenditures since June 80, 1864 48,112,581.27
In the Gk>yemment depositories, to the credit of disbursing officers,
June 80, 1866 2,671,124.88
Amount of appropriations remaining in the Treasury same date
Total ._- 45,788,656.10
The estimates for the next fiscal year call for appropriations only
for continuing the armament of our permanent fortifications, and for
the work already begun for increasing the manufacturing and storage
capacity of the arsenals, including a distinct provision for the proper
storage and care of gunpowder. These are all measures not confined
to the necessities of war, but requisite for keeping up a suitable prep-
UNION AUTHORITIES. 14:(
aration for any contingency and for preserving the large and valuable
mtinitions of war which the country now poBsesses.
The manufacturing capacity of the arsenals was steadily increased
from the date of my last report until May, when the sudden termina-
tion of hostilities made it apparent that the immediate demand for
munitions of war beyond the supply then on hand and contracted for
had ceased.
Measures were promptly taken to reduce the manufacture and pur-
chase of supplies, and to provide for necessary storage, and for pre-
serving the vast quantities of ordnance and ordnance stores which
had been issued to the armies and captured from the enemy. Exten-
sive temporary buildings have been erected at some of the principal
arsenals, and much of this property has already been received and
securely stored in them.
Large and commodious fire-proof workshops are now being erected
at Allegheny, Water vliet, and Frankford Arsenals; and so much of
these buildings as will not be required in time of peace for manu-
facturing purposes can be advantageously used as store-houses, of
which the want of an adequate supply is now manifest.
It is in contemplation to erect extensive fire-proof workshops at
Washington Arsenal, which is considered an eligible position for a
first-class arsenal. A portion of these shops can likewise be used for
storing the large quantities of ordnance supplies which are now neces-
sarily kept in insecure temporary buildings at that ai*senal. Money
for this object has already been appropriated by Congress.
The importance to the country of having the armaments placed in
the forts as rapidly as they can be prepai'ed to receive them is so evi-
dent that I have caused the manufacture of sea-coast gun carriages to
be continued as rapidly as practicable at the two arsenals which possess
the proper facilities for making them; and orders have been given to
the several founders, who have been engaged in making heavy guns
for this department, for as many guns as carriages can be made for.
I have been informed by the chief engineer that he will be prepared
to receive guns in the forts faster than carriages can now be made,
and it is in contemplation to increase the capacity for manufacturing
sea-coast carriages.
Experimental wrought-iron field and siege gun carriages have also
been made and tested, with results so satisfactory as to render it certain
that these carriages maybe advantageously substituted for the wooden
carriages, and it is proposed to make no more gun carriages of wood.
The smooth-bore cannon of large caliber, which have been used
during the war, have given satisfaction, and are regarded as perfectly
reliable. The great importance of having reliable rifled guns of
lai^ caliber is universally admittetl, and the attention of this Gov-
ernment and of the nations of Europe has been directed to that
object, but so far, it is believed, without entire success in its
accomplishment.
The many failures, by bursting, of the celebrated Parrott guns in
the land and naval service have weakened confidence in them, and
make it the imperative duty of this department to seek elsewhere for
a more reliable rifle gun.
Mr. Horatio Ames, of Falls Village, Conn., invented a plan of mak-
ing MTTOught-iron guns, which many believe would possess those qual-
ities which are so very desirable for guns of heavy caliber, and
although the cost of these guns was necessarily vei-y gi^at in com-
parison with the cost of cast-iron guns, a conditional order was given
142 COBBE8PONDENCE, ETC.
to Mr. Ames to manufacture fifteen of them for the Government, the
condition being that the gnns should be superior to any rifled guns in
the service. One of these guns was fired under the direction of a
board of officers, who unanimously expressed the opinion that the
^'Ames wrought-iron guns possess, to a degree never before equaled
by any cannon of equal weight offered to our service, tM essential
qualities of great lateral and longitudinal strength, and great powers
of endurance under heavy charges; that they are not liable to burst
explosively and without warning, even when fired under very high
charges, and that they are well adapted to the wants of the service
generally, but esjmcially whenever long ranges and high velocities
are required." The Board also expressed the opinion that the fifteen
Ames 7-inch guns possessed sufficient weight and strength to receive
an 8-inch bore, and recommended that the gun which had been fired
under their direction should be reamed up to eight inches and sub-
jected to further trial.
They further decided that Mr. Ames had fulfilled the obligation
incurred by him in his contract to furnish the gun, and that so many
of the guns as should endure a proof of ten rounds with the service
charge, and pass the proper inspection, should be accepted and
paid for.
Two of the fourteen guns burst in proof, exhibiting serious defects
in their manufacture— defects in welding— which I had been appre-
hensive could not be avoided. The guns which endured the proof of
ten rounds were accepted and paid for by this Department.
The gun which was fired under the direction of the Board was bored
up to eight inches and fired twenty-four times with service charges,
when it burst, exhibiting the same defects that were developed in the.
other guns which burst. The failures in subsequent firing indicate
that these guns cannot be relied upon, and that no more of them
ought to be made for the department.
Believing that, with our present knowledge of the properties of
metals and our skill in working them, reliable rifle guns of large
caliber can be made of cast-iron, I have, with your sanction, caused a
pair of 8-inch rifle guns of the supposed proper model and weight to
be made. These guns are now at Fort Monroe undergoing extreme
proof, and should their endurance be satisfactory it is proposed to
have other guns like them made.
NATIONAL ARMORY.
The capacity of this establishment for the manufacture of muskets
was not increased after the date of my last report, and ux>on the con-
clusion of hostilities, in view of the large number of muskets on hand
of a model which will probably become obsolete very soon, the manu-
facture was reduced as rapidly as it could be done with economy;
and at present no new muskets are being assembled. Only those parts
which were in different stages of advancement are being finished.
In my last report I stated that it was in contemplation to change
the manufacture at the National Armory as soon as the best model
for a breech-loading musket could be established, and that details for
effecting this measure would receive the early attention of this Bureau.
Extensive experiments have been made by a board of officers, and
also under my direction and supervision, to effect that object; but as
yet no arm has been presented which I have been willing to i*ecom-
mend for adoption. The selection of a proper model is considered so
UKION AUTHORITIES. 143
important a measure that I have preferred to act slowly and with
great care in its selection rather than take a false step and have to
retrace it. I hope to be able very soon to recommend a model for
yonr approval.
A plan for altering the mnzzle-loading musket into efQcient breech-
loaders has been devised by the master armorer at Springfield Armory,
which appears to be superior to any other that I have seen. I have
taken measures to have 5,000 muskets altered according to it, and will
have some of them issued to troops for trial as soon as the alterations
can be made.
The muskets of the prescribed i)attem which have been turned in
by the troops are being cleaned and repaired.
The number of Springfield muskets on hand and suitable for issue
will reach nearly one million, while the number of folwign and cap-
tured muskets will exceed half a million. As none of the latter class
will probably be required for issue, and as the care and preservation
of them will be attended with considerable expense, they should be
sold whenever suitable prices can be obtained for them. This recom-
mendation will apply to other ordnance stores of a perishable nature,
which are in excels of the wants of the department.
In my last annual report I called your attention to the danger of
keeping large quantities of gunpowder at our arsenals, which are gen-
erally in the vicinity of closely populated districts, and recommended
that a suitable site for a depot capable of storing at least 100,000 bar-
rels of gunpowder should be acquired. The conclusion of the war has
left this department with vast supplies of gunpowder and prepared
ammunition on hand, all of which has to be stored at the arsenals, and
much of it in buildings which are entirely unfit for the purpose, there-
by endangering the safety of the arsenals, and in some cases of private
property in the vicinity. This evil cannot be corrected too soon, and
I earnestly call your attention to the necessity of obtaining from Ck>n-
gress authority to purchase a suitable site for a powder depot.
In my annual estimate I have asked for an appropriation for the
purchase of a site and the erection of magazines. Only so much
powder as may be necessary to supply the current wants of the Army
should be kept at the arsenals.
The military reserve at Jeflferson Barracks, Mo., being a suitable
position for a powder depot for supplying the Mississippi Valley, and
a portion of it having some years ago been assigned to this depart-
ment for the erection of powder magazines, I have taken measures to
have three magazines capable of containing 5,000 barrels each erected
on it, and two of them will be finished this fall.
In my last annual report I stated that, in pursuance of the pro-
visions of the act of Congress approved April 19, 1864, possession had
been taken of Rock Island for the purpose of building and maintain-
ing thereon an arsenal for the construction, deposit, and repairs of
anns and munitions of war. The United States has not yet acquired
a title to the property which has been taken possession of. It is
important that the provisions of the act of Congress above referred to
should be carried into effect and a complete title to all of Rock Island
acquired by the United States before any permanent buildings are
commenced. I recommend that this be done with as little delay as
practicable. Evidences of title to the land, of which p6ss6ssion has
been taken, have been forwarded to you for examination by the
Attorney-General, as is required by the act above referred to.
144 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Adjacent to Rock Island and connected with it by a dam is a small
island known as Benham's Island, of which possession has not been
taken. It appears to have been the intention of Congress in passing
the act above referred to that the United States should have full and
complete possession and control of Rock Island for military purposes.
Should Benham's Island or any other small islands or accretions in
the river lying between Rock Mand and the shores of Illinois and
Iowa be held by private parties, with the right of way across the
island, as is now claimed by the owner of Becdbam's Island, the prin-
cipal object of the law will be thereby defeated.
If additional legislation is necessary to give the United States full
I)ossession and control of the whole of Rock Island, including the
adjacent island, I recommend that it be asked of Congress.
The buildings erected as a prison and barracks on Rock Island have
been turned over io the Ordnance Department and are now used as
store-houses, <fec.
Several of the Southern arsenals have been reoccupied, and it is the
intention of the department to reoccupy all of them, except the Fay-
etteville Arsenal, in North Carolina, which was destroyed.
An extensive powder mill at Augusta, Ga., and a large armory
(unfinished) and a laboratory at Macon, Ga., which were built by the
rebel government, have fallen into possession of this department.
The necessary measures for preserving the property have been taken.
The number of permanent U. S. arsenals and armories, exclusive of
temporary depots established for war purposes, most of which have
been and all of which will soon be discontinued, is now twenty-eight.
In addition to the command and supervision of these, the officers of
this department are charged with the inspection of materials and
manufacture of ordnance, gunpowder, and such small-arms and equip-
ments as are made for the Government at the foundries, jwwder mills,
and other private establishments. These duties furnish constant
employment for all the officers of the ordnance corps now authorized
by law, the total number of which is sixty-four. The arsenals alone
require, as a minimum number in time of peace, fifty-six, and the
Bureau and inspection duties at least eight more. During the late
rebellion the want of a greater number of regular ordnance officers
educated for and experienced in their peculiar duties was seriously
felt; and the necessity, arising from the inadequate provision in tnis
respect, of the frequent employment of acting ordnance officers caused
much embari'assment and confusion, and was detrimental to the public
service and interest. These now require that the additional offices of
the Ordnance Department authorized temporarily by sections 4 and
12 of the act of March 3, 1863, shall be continued as part of the
military peace establishment.
The tabular statement accompanying this report shows in detail
the ordnance, arms, and other ordnance supplies which have been
procured and issued through this department during the past fiscal
year. The armies in the field were amply and well supplied in this
respect. The permanent fortifications have had their armaments kept
in order, and strengthened and increased by the addition of guns of
heavy caliber and great efficiency.
Very i-espectf ully, your obedient servant,
A. B. DYER,
Brigadier- General and Chief of Ordnance.
UNION AirrH0BITl£8.
145
statement of ordnance^ amUt ammunition, and other ordnance stores procured
and fupphed to the Army^ and the quantity remaining on hand at the cJose
of the jCaoal year ending June SO, 1866,
ArtielM.
Field gniiB of different calibora
Siege gnus and morton of different OAllbera. . .
See-eoeet gnoa and mortera of different calibem
Cannoo-balla, abella, and other prqjectiiea for
field jnina.
Ganoon-balla, ahella, and other prcjeetilea for
•lege ffnna and niortara.
Cannon^baUa, sbella, and other projectiles for
aea-coaat guna and mortars.
ArtlOerj carriages for field serrloe
Artillery carriagee for siege serrioe
ArtiUerr carriagea for aea-coast forts
Mortar beda
Caiaaooa
Traveling forgea
Battery wagons
MnakeU and rifles
Csrbinea
Pistols
Swords and aabers
Infiuitry aocoatenoents sets. .
Cavalry aocoaterments do...
Horse eqaipments do...
Artillery hamesa for two horses do. . .
Saddle blank«U
Ammunition for field gnns rounds..
Aonnnnltion forsiege gnns and mortars .. .do. . .
Ammunition for sea*ooaat guna and mortars,
roands.
Ammunition for small-arms rounds . .
Pereosalon-capft
Friction-prlmerfl
Fuses
Powder pounds . .
Kiter do...
Sulphur do...,
Lead do —
Lead balls do...
198,297
409.619
618
184
790
143
616
70
67
1.167.405
22.616
84.621
80.646
856,434
68,428
26,958
8.029
79.829
793.155
53.009
4,806
209,815,880
150,931.287
1,251.842
980.854
2,329,230
8,120.240
622,064
80,668,929
6,128.502
1,285
424
612
969,130
882,806
817.658
725
181
545
829
689
116
97
426,571
142.201
70.744
112,067
886.180
127,850
142.497
4,069
238.388
702,156
42,788
54,465
261.686,588
178,211,512
2,242,900
1.800.012
6,619,925
•*• • 0 2
19,748.668
11,295,687
354
82
508
676.815
14,779
178,285
100
7»7
7
807
87
42
898.404
99.051
87,508
64,692
271,925
98,281
95,080
1,255
197,940
286.925
15,886
4,631
188.784,580
288,068,778
1.583.640
719,678
5,582,380
21,254
218, 122
10,7.51,494
11,906,206
i
e
I
I
1,756
738
831
570,639
510,828
609,042
896
156
538
122
1.106,572
65,766
68,062
128.020
419.639
102,997
74.425
5,848
120,277
1,206,686
80,511
54,680
282.167.888
91,078,071
1,911.102
1,661,188
8,866.825
8,606,986
408,932
89,661,103
5.517,931
Ordnance Office,
October SO, 1865.
A. B. DYER,
Brigadier-Oeneral and Chief of Ordnance.
Office Commissary-General of Subsistence,
Washington City, D. C, October 20, 1866,
Hon. Edwin M. Stanton,
Secretary of War:
Sm: In compliance with the special instructions of the War Dex)art-
ment of October 7, addressed to chiefs of bureaus, I have the honor
to submit the following report of the operations of the Subsistence
Department during the past year:
The subsistence stores required for distribution to the several armies
in the field have during the year been purchased, as was done during
the earlier years of the war, in the principal markets of the Northern
States. The facilities and cost of transportation to the various points
where they were required for issue, the relative prices in the different
10 R R— series ni, VOL V
146 GOKBESPONDENCE, ETC.
marketH, and a due regard to the general commercial interests of the
country, have governed this department in apportioning these pur-
chases among the several market centers of the country. New Orleans,
gradually resuming a healthy commercial condition, already enables
this department — and in further aid of such resumption — to obtain in
that market a considerable portion of the supplies required for distri-
bution from that point. Although the present general condition of the
Southern States is not such as to afford a large amount of supplies for
the troops on duty therein, still, the officera of this department are
able in some parts of those States to enter into contracts for beef -cat-
tle and slaughtered beef, as also to some extent to purchase therein
other articles. The principal purchasing officers of the Subsistence
Department have performed their duties with great fidelity to the
interests of the countr}^ and with much mercantile ability, and also,
as I am frequently assured, to the general satisfaction of the com-
mercial men of the country with whom they have transacted the busi-
ness of this department.
So far as has been practicable, subsistence stores have been obtained
by advertising for and receiving sealed proposals for their delivery.
During the past six months 402 such advertisements have been
received and placed on file in this office.
The principal commissaries immediately responsible for the subsist-
ence of the several armies in the field have performed the important
and often difficult duties of receiving, protecting, and distributing:
the supplies forwarded to them with commendable efficiency and suc-
cess. They have also, by great energy, been able, to a considerable
extent, to subsist the trooi)s upon the resources of the country in which
the armies were operating or through which they were passing.
It is believed that during the entire war no campaign, contemplated
movement, or expedition has failed on account of the inability of the
Subsistence Department to meet its proper requirements. It is also
believed that the troops, wherever stationed or operating, have, with
rare exceptions, been supplied with rations in good and wholesome
condition.
While the Subsistence Department has furnished a constant, timely,
and adequate supply of subsistence for the several lai*ge armies occu-
pying widely different fields of operations, as also for the troops at all
the separate positions occupied throughout the entire country, it is
due to the Quartermaster's Department that its vast labors in the
transportation of these supplies be recognized as having been per-
formed with a readiness and efficiency worthy of the highest commen-
dation. As a single item indicating the amount of these labors, I
instance the fact that during the year 1863 the Quartermaster's
Department shipped from the port of New York an average of 7,000
packages of subsistence stores per day for every working day of the
year, and for the year 1864, 6,727 packages per day.
The sudden close of the war, and the consequent immediate muster
out of a large part of the Army, unavoidably left on hand in some of
the depots an excessive supply of subsistence stores. This excess has
been sent to other points, where stores were required, instead of
meeting such requirements by further purchases. By this course a
considerable part of these supplies have been, or will be, economically
disposed of. Surplus and damaged stores are in process of being
disposed of by sale. A considerable quantity of hard bread, surplus
or too old for issue to troops, remains to be disposed of. A sufficient
quantity of this and other surplus articles have been held back from
an earlier sale with the view of meeting, in an economical manner, the
UNION AUTHORITIES. 147
urgent wants of those x>eople, white and colored, who have, by the
events of the war, been rednced to a suffering condition; to whom it
has been deemed an act of charity, due from the Government, to
make limited issues of food.
I have the honor to report that under your orders of June 29, 1865,
directing the discontinuance of the whisky ration, and the sale of
the whisW on hand, the issue of that article was at once stopped.
The sale has already taken place at many i)oints, and will soon be
completed.
During the past year, as in the previous years of the war, a verv
considerable income has been derived from the sale of the hides, tal-
low, and other parts of beef cattle not issuable as beef to the troops.
The total amount of such sales has not been ascertained. At the
Washington and Alexandria depots alone they amount to $344, 468. 98^
for the year ending 30th of September, 1866, and to $1,377,876.93
during the four years ending at ^at date.
Under the able and judicious management of Bvt. Brig. Gen.
William Hoffman, U. S. Army, Commissary-General of Prisoners, the
prisoners of war, held under his charge at thirty-two forts, prison
bairacks, camps, and hospitals, have been well and humanely sub-
sisted, having received a sufficient portion and variety of the ration
to insure health, leaving in the hands of the several issuing commis-
saries, as "savings," that x>ortion of the ration not deemed necessary
for persons living in entire idleness. The pecuniary value of these
"savings" has constituted a prison fund, available, under the instruc-
tions of the Commissary-General of Prisoners, for the purchase of
articles necessary for the prison barracks and hospitals, and for meet-
ing other necessary expenses of the prisoners. General Hoffman
has already, under your instructions, transferred to the Subsistence
Department a ''savings" credit of the amount of 11,507,369.01, and
reports that there remains yet to be transferred an amount not less
than $337,766.98, making a total amount of $1,846,126.99.
The discharge of volunteer forces, and the consequent reduction of
the expenses of this department, will enable it to meet all demands
without exhausting the appropriation for the current fiscal year.
The current work of this Bureau is, habitually, up to date. .The
examination of the money and property accounts is nearly as close up
to date as it is practicable to have it. It would, however, facilitate
the prompt examination of the money and property accounts of the
officers of the Subsistence Department if the law permitted the
former, as well as the latter, to be sent, by the officers rendering them,
direct to this Bureau for its administrative action before going to the
accounting officers of the Treasury. I do not doubt that the Third
Auditor is of the same opinion.
Under section 3 of the act of July 4, 1864, authorizing the claims of
loyal citizens in States not in rebellion, for subsistence actually fur-
nished to the Army of the United States, and receipted for by the
projier officer receiving the same, or which may have been taken by
Ruch officers without giving such receipt, to be submitted to the Com-
missary-General of Subsistence, and making it his duty to cause each
claim to be examined, there have been submitted as follows:
Whole nnmber 1,470
Approved for payment 50
I^aUowed 418
Awuting ezplanatioxu, &c 650
Awaiting examixiation 367
148 CORBESPONDBNCE, ETC.
With your approval it is proposed to ascertain and exhibit, in a
tabular form, the total quantity of each article of subsistence stores
purchased for use of the Army during each year of the war, from
1861 to 1865, inclusive. Such a statement would form an interesting
addition to the mercantile statistics of the country.
Under the act of March 3, 1865, for the better organization of the
Subsistence Department, authorizing, during the continuance of the
rebellion, the selection and assignment of commissaries of subsist-
ence of the volunteer and regular service to geographical military
divisions, to separate armies in the field, to military departments, to
principal subsistence depots, and to the office of the Ck>mmissary-
General of Subsistence as assistants, with the rank, pay, and emolu-
ments of a colonel of the Subsistence Department, there have been so
selected and assigned nine commissaries of subsistence; one from the
regular service and eight from the volunteer service. There have
also been selected and assigned, under authority of the same act,
to inspection or other special duty, two commissaries of subsistence
with the rank of lieutenant-colonel; one from the volunteer and the
other from the regular service. Also, to divisions, two commissaries
of subsistence with the rank of major; both from the volunteer
service.
During the past year two vacancies have occurred in the regular
service of the Subsistence Department; one by the brief sickness and
death, after much zealous and efficient field service, of Maj. John
Kellogg, and the other by resignation of Capt. Edward R. Hopkins, a
valuable officer. Both of those vacancies were filled by selections
and appointments from the volunteer branch of the Subsistence
Department.
The Subsistence Department at the commencement of the war con-
tained but twelve officers of all grades. It had reached this number
by small additions, authorized bylaw, from time to time, as the Army
was increased and the territory occupied by it extended; the several
additions subsequent to the act of April 14, 1818, by which a commis-
sary-general of subsistence was originally authorized, being as fol-
lows: By the act of March 2, 1820, two commissaries; by the act of
July 5, 1838, five commissaries; by the act of September 20, 1850,
four commissaries. Since the commencement of the rebellion there
have been added as follows: By the act of August 3, 1861, twelve
commissaries; by the act of February 9, 1863, five commissaries,
making a total of twenty-nine officers of all grades. A further
increase is not recommended until it shall be made to appear that the
present number of officers is inadequate to the service required of the
department.
The officers of this department, regulars and volunteers, have, with
but few exceptions, performed their duties with signal fidelity and
success. Some of them have been held from serving with troops in
the field, much against their choice and ambition.
To the able senior assistant commissary-general of subsistence, and
to the other officers on duty in this Bureau, is largely due the credit
of the general good condition of the affairs of the Subsistence Depart-
ment which I am enabled to report.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
A. B. EATON,
Commissary-General of Subsistence.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 149
War Department, Surgeon-General's Office,
Washington, D. C, October 20, 1865.
Hon. E. M. Stanton,
Secretary of War:
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following statement of finances
and general transactions of the Medical Department for the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1865:
BBCKIPT8.
Balance in the Trewnxj July 1.1884 $914,185.10
Balance in the hands or the oistmrsing officers 884, 061 . 65
Balance remaining of appropriation for artificial limbs for soldiers
and seamen, per act of Jnly 16, 1868, chapter 182, section 6 4, 865. 00
AwtitiaI appropriation for the year ending Jnne 80, 1865, by act of
Jnne 15, 1864, chapter 134, section 1 8,880,640.00
Deficiency approxniation for the current fiscal year, by act of March
2, 1865, chapter 78, section 8 8,251,000.00
AnTtTift.! appropriation for the year ending Jnne 80, 1866, by act of
March 8. ISfe, chax^ter 81, section 1, required for disbursement
during tne present fiscal year, and placed to the credit of the
Medical Department for that pmrpoee March 22, 1865 6,000,000.00
Amoont drawn from apxnropriauon made by joint resolution of
April 29, 1864, to coyer enenditures for medical attendance and
medicine for 100-day's volunteers 800,000.00
Amount refunded by the Subsistence Department for board of sick
and wounded soldiers in private hospitals 64,298.40
Amount refunded for medical attendance and supplies furnished
prisoners of war 140,506.08
Amount received for subsistence of officers in hospitals 286,281.04
Amount disallowed in account of Ebeneaser Swift, U. S. Army, for
June, 1868, and refunded from appropriation for pay of volun-
teers 17.762.91
Proceeds of sales of condenmed and unserviceable hospital property 59, 671 . 41
Proceeds of sales of ice not ret^uired for hospital use 12,862.25
Value of books and surgical instruments sold to medical officers
and private physicians 8,811.80
Received for hospital property sold to the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment 7,008.61
Received for medicines, &c., issued to refugees and freedmen 554. 78
Recovered for hospital property lost or damaged in transportation. 584. 45
Recovered of Actg. Asst. Surg. J. S. Gtoltner, U. S. Army, for
property and moneys iUeffalljr disposed of 1,000.00
Amount received for care or patients belonging to the XT. S. Navy. 288. 00
Amount received from all other sources 446 . 20
Total credits for the year 20,828,102.18
Amount over-expended by disbursing officers 166.578. 84
20,489,680.47
DISBURSEMENTS DURINa THE YEAR.
For medical and hospital supplies 115,204,497.20
For pay of private physicians 1,865,821.82
For pay of nospital employ^ 949, 462. 46
For expenses of purveying depots 683,880.88
For care of sick soldiers in private hospitals 240, 476. 11
For artificial limbs for soldiers and seamen a 126, 588. 00
Expenses of hospitals for officers 248,876.87
Miscellaneous expenses of the Medical Department 18,996.94
19,828,499.28
Balance in the Treasury June 80, 1865 1,161,181.24
20,489,680.47
a Furnished during the year— artificial legs, 1,888; arms, 1,121.
150 GOBRESPONDEDCE, ETC.
The ample proviflion for sick and wounded existing at the date of
my last annual report was increased during the ensuing months until
a maximum of 204 general hospitals, with a capacity of 136,894 beds,
was reached. Field hospitals, hospital transports and cars, ambulance
corps, and the purveying depots were kept in condition to meet all
possible requirements, and General Sherman's army was met at
Savannah by four first-class sea-going steamers, thoroughly equipped
as hospital transports, with extra stores and supplies for 5,000 beds,
should it have become necessary to establish large hospitals upon his
line of operations.
Uj)on the receipt of Greneral Orders, No. 77, dated War Depart-
ment, Adjutant-General's Office, April 28, 1865, immediate measures
were taken to reduce the expenses of this department. Of the 201 gen-
eral hospitals opened on January 1, 1865, 170 have been discontinued.
Three of the four sea-going hospital transports have been discharged ;
the fourth is now constantly engaged in the transfer of sick and
wounded from Southern ports to the general hospitals in New York
Harbor. All of the river hospital boats have been turned over to the
Quartermaster's Department, and but a single hospital train is
retained in the Southwest.
The vast amount of medicines and hospital supplies becoming sur-
plus through the reduction of the Army have been carefully collected
at prominent points and are being disposed of at public auction, most
of the articles bringing their full value, and in some instances their
cost price.
Since April, 1861, there have been appointed 547 surgeons and
assistant surgeons of volunteers; mustered into service, 2,109 volun-
unteer regimental surgeons and 3,882 volunteer regimental assistant
surgeons; employed as acting staff surgeons, 75; as acting assistant
surgeons, 5,532.
As far as returns have been received during the war 34 officers of
the medical staff have been killed or died of wounds received in
action, 24 wounded, and 188 have died from disease or accident
incurred in the service; 1 died in a rebel prison; 6 of yellow fever.
A completed record will Increase this number.
Two hundred and fourteen surgeons and assistant surgeons of
volunteers, reported as supernumerary, have been mustered out.
In compliance with the act of Congress hospital chaplains have been
reported for muster out when the hospitals to which they were attached
have been discontinued. Of the 265 appointed during the war 29 are
still in commission.
The business of this office has been largely increased by the neces-
sity for immediate examination and settlement of the accounts of staff
and regimental medical officers mustered out of service, while the
number of applications from the Pension Bureau for " official evidence
of cause of death" now averages 1,550 a month, the number received
and acted upon in the last fiscal year being over 19,000. Other official
inquiries requiring i*eference to I'ecords and hospital I'egisters are very
numerous.
The returns of sick and wounded show that of white troops 1,057,423
cases have been treated in general hospitals alone from 1861 to July 1,
1865, of which the mortality rate was 8 per cent. In addition to the
alphabetical registers of dead, not yet f uUy completed, the records of
the Medical Department contain 30,(XX) special reports of the more
important forms of surgical injuries, of disease, and of operations.
These reports, with statistical data and a pathological collection num-
UNION AUTHOBITIES. l51
boring 7,630 Bpeoimens, famish a mass of valuable information which
is being rapidly arranged and tabulated as a medical and surgical his-
tory of the war, for the publication of the first volumes of which an
appropriation will be asked.
In this connection and as illustrating more in detail the importance
of this work the Army Medical Museum assumes the higliest value.
By its array of indisputable facts, supported and enriched by full
reports, it supplies instruction otherwise unattainable and preserves
for future application the dearly-bought experience of four years of
war. Apart from its gi*eat usefulness it is also an honorable record
of the skill and services of those medical officers whose contributions
constitute its value and whose incentive to these self-imposed labors
has been the desire to elevate their profession. A small appropriation
has been asked to continue and extend this collection.
During the fiscal year ending June 30, 18G5, an Army Medical Board
was appointed to meet in Cincinnati, Ohio, on the 18th day of October,
1864, for the examination of candidates for the medical staff of the
Army and of assistant surgeons of that corps for promotion. Nine
applicants for admission into the medical staff were invited to present
themselves before this board. Of this number two were fully exam-
ined and approved, one withdrew before his examinations were con-
cluded, two were rejected as unqualified, and four failed to appear.
Six assistant surgeons were examined for x)romotion and found quali-
fied. Two assistant surgeons were reported for re-examination. Of
the approved candidates two have been appointed assistant surgeons.
Boards have been in session at New York; Washington, D. C. ; Hilton
Head, S. C; New Orleans, La.; Memphis, Tenn. ; Little Rock, Ark.,
and Cincinnati, Ohio, for the examination of candidates for appoint-
ment in the volunteer medical staff. One hundred and fifty-two can-
didates were invited before these boards, fifty-eight of whom passed
satisfactory examinations and were appointed accordingly. The
remainder were rejected, failed to appear, or withdrew before exami-
nation was completed. These boards were discontinued in June, 1865.
The casualties in this corps since June 30, 1864, are as follows:
Appointed, 96; promoted, 40; restored, 2; resigned, 32; declined, 1;
died, 7; dismissed, 3; discharged, 3; dropped, 1; mustered out, 19;
canceled, 7.
Boards for the examination of candidates for appointment as med-
ical oficers to colored troojis have been in session permanently at
Boston, New York, Washington, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, Saint Louis,
and at such other points from time to time as the necessities of the
service demanded.
In nearly all sections of the country the health of the troops has
been fully equal to that of the preceding years, though military move-
ments of unprecedented magnitude have been pushed to successful
termination without regard to seasons. An epidemic of yellow fever
prevailed in New Berne, N. C, in September, October, and November,
1864, causing 278 deaths among the troops stationed there, of whom
571 were attacked. The released or exchanged prisoners arriving at
Wilmington, N. C, from rebel prisons suffered from an epidemic of
typhoid fever, which, however, was arrested by strict attention to
hygienic rules and prompt transfer to Northern hospitals. With these
exceptions no serious epidemics have appeared, and it is interesting
to note that quarantine regulations strictly enforced by military
authority have proven, during the occupation of Southern sea-ports
and cities by our troops, to be an absolute protection against the
152
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
importation of contagious or infectious diseases. In view of the
apprehensions entertained in regard to the Asiatic cholera, now
devastating the shores of the Mediterranean, this becomes a significant
fact.
For recommendations of measures tending to the greater efficiency
of the Medical Department you are respectfully referred to the special
report from this office called for by circular dated War Department,
Adjutant-General's Office, October 7, 1866.
In conclusion, I desire to bear testimony to the ability, courage,
and zeal manifested throughout the war by the officers of the Medical
Dex)artment under all circumstances and upon all occasions. With
hai^ly an exception they have been actuated by the highest motives
of national and professional pride, and the number who have been
killed and wounded bears most honorable testimony to their devotion
to duty on the field of battle.
To the medical directors of armies in the field and of military geo-
gi-aphical departments especial praise is due for the successful execu-
tion of their arduous and responsible duties.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JOS. K. BARNES,
Surgeon-Generaly Brevet Major- Generalj U. 8. Army.
Office of the Signal Officer,
Washington^ October 20, 1866.
Hon. E. M. Stanton,
Secretary of War, Washington, D, C;
Sir: In answer to your communication of the 7th instant, I have
the honor to submit the following annual report of the operations of
the Signal Corps for the year ending October 20, 1865:
On the Ist of November, 1864, the corps was represented in the field
by the following detachments, thoroughly equipped, active, and ener-
getic, to wit:
Detachment.
71
&
11
!
is
I
Office of tbe SIgDal Offloer
Department ox WaslilDgton
SliEiialCftmp of Instructton ,
Annyof tkePotomao
DeputmeDt of Virginia and North CaroUnn
Department of the douth
Department of the Cnmberland
Department of the Tenneeaee
Department of the Ohio
Military DiTision of Weat Mlaaioaippi
Department of Kanaaa
Middle Militarj DiTlakm
Department of the Saaquehanna
Total
102
168
9
66
88
1«7
137
39
87
140
42
210
61
168
64
UKIOK AUTHORITIES. 153
Such was the disposition of the corps, and the following, in general
terms, the nature of services performed :
The duties of the corps during the past year were letter understood
than in previous years, which gave to it more tone and character, and
enabled it to approximate in most of the military departments to its
true i)osition.
In one— the Department of the Gulf — it combined all the branches
of the corps of information which it was designed, and of right ought,
to be. Here it added to aerial telegraphing, telescopic reconnoitering,
and general scouting, the entire secret service department, thus hav-
ing all information usually gathered from these sources flow into one
common center, where it was compared, classified, reduced to logical
form, and then laid before the commanding general to be acted upon.
The advantage arising from thus concentrating these services is spe-
cially apparent in the fact that x>articular reports and doubtful infor-
mation could be thoroughly sifted, and tested in two, three, or more
different modes by the one officer having control of the several means
for collecting knowledge of the enemy's movements and designs.
In other military departments, as I have stated, the corjis only
approximated to this more perfect system of economy. But as the
value of concentration in militaiy organizations was being daily more
and more recognized, these duties, if the war had continued, would
undoubtedly have been eventually assigned to the corps wherever a
detachment of it would have been placed upon duty.
In the Army of the Potomac our duties were limited to signal com-
munication, observing and reporting the changes and movements of
the enemy, and such aide duty as we were called upon to perform.
In the armies operating under Major-General Sherman the signal
detachment added to signaling and telescopic reconnoitering, general
scouting, courier, guide, and aide duty.
The detachment in the Department of the South was limited to
keeping communication open between the several military posts along
the coast, and between the land and naval forces, when operating in
conjunction.
Upon the plains a detachment operated with the various expeditions
against the Indians, keeping open communication between detached
parties and the main body of the army.
In the Department of Pennsylvania the signal detachment was
employed in watching the crossings of the Potomac, as well as doing
general outpost duty, with instructions to give timely information to
the commanding general of any threatening danger, that it might be
met upon the threshold of the department, and overcome before any
injury could be done to the community.
In the Department of Virginia and North Carolina, in addition to
communicating by signals between poi-tions of the army, and the
.observing of the movements of the enemy, the detachment was bene-
ficially employed in various expeditions and operations of the army
and navy combined, connecting the commanders of the two forces so
immediately as to make their several efforts harmonize in such man-
ner that their blows fell with double effect upon the strongholds and
hattalions of the enemy.
l^e insurrectionary armies having been, at the opening of the
spring campaign, forced to surrender, and the power of the Grovern-
ment having been re-established to its rightful extent, the great work
of disbanding and returning to the conditions of peace the military
154 GORRESPONDEKCE, ETC.
force of the United States was commenced. The Signal Corps of the
Army having been organized by an act of Congress — which in some
of its provisions had a view to permanency, but gave to the corps
only an organization for the term of the rebellion— was, by various
orders from the War Department, materially reduced, until all that
portion of it on duty east of the Mississippi River was mustered out
and discharged.
There now remain the detachment in the Military Division of the
Mississippi, numbering 9 of&oers, 2 non>commissioned of&cers, and 35
enlisted men, and the detachment in the Military Division of the Gulf,
numbering 15 officers, 13 non-commissioned officers, and 86 enlisted
men. These detachments are operating with the troops upon the
plains, and throughout Texas, and along the Southwestern boundary.
OFFICE OF THE SIGNAL OFFICER.
The office of the Signal Officer is three-fold in its character. It is,
first, the headquarters of the corps, where the records are collected,
completed, and filed, and has advisory superintendence and control
of the sx>ecial duties of the corps, and of all assignments of officers
and men to signal duty; second, a purchasing and disbursing office,
from which supplies of signal stores and equipments are issued to the
various detachments of the corps in the field; third, an office for the
examining of the signal accounts and returns of signal stores of all
officers responsible to Government for such property.
Connected with this office are two clerks of ** class two," to wit,
Messra. Simeon White and Alexander Ashley, appointed in 1863.
To the abilit}^ and faithful exertions of these persons is owing much
of the degree of system and perfection attained in the records of the
office.
EXPENDITURES, ETC.
There were expended during the year ending September 30, 1865,
of the sums appropriated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865,
$8,537.06, leaving a balance which, added to that yet remaining of
former appropriations and to the amount appropriated for the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1866, makes the sum of $248,062 still available.
SPECIAL SERVICES.
Having thus given a general view of the corps, its strength, duties,
and expenses, I propose, without entering into a detailed statement
of the constant and various acts of service performed, which were
part and parcel of every battle fought and campaign made during the
year, and which played in each a more or less important function, to
merely place upon record, through the War Department, several
instances where the operations of the corps were of such vital impor-
tance that all who read must acknowledge that the Signal Corps was a
valuable adjunct to the Army, and rendered such material service in
the great contest just closed that its members can view with pride and
infinite self-satisfaction a substantial i-ecord, made in the face of the
difficulties that usually attend the introduction of a new element into
any old-established system.
The first instance of the kind referred to which I shall mention
occurred in October, 1864, and just previous to the commencement of
the great campaign of General Sherman from the northern part of
UNION AUTHOBITIE8. 166
Georgia to the sea-coast. That great leader, whose military genias
never allowed him to overlook any visible means to aid in secnring
success, or guard against any and all possible occurrences to endanger
his plans, in whatever enterprise undertaken, seeing the liability of
his telegraph wires communicating with his dex)ot of supplies at Alia-
toona being cut, he established in addition a line of signal communi-
cation through which he afterward, when the enemy obtained a
lodgment in his rear and cut his telegraph wires, as was foreseen,
transmitted his orders and instructions that saved from capture Alia-
toona, its garrison^ and stores of supplies, the value of which at that
time and place cannot be computed, as without them' it can well be
doubted whether the great campaign, which exposed the great weak-
ness of the enemy and propagated the seeds of the coming dissolution
of the rebellion, could have been executed for months later. In con-
nection with this transaction General Sherman states:
In Beyeraliiifltanoes this corps (Signal Ckxrps) has tnuunnittedordera and brought
me information of the greatest importance that could not have reached me in any
other way. I will instance one most remarkable case. When the enemy had cut
our wires and actually made a lodgment on our railroad about Big ShanJy, the
signal officers on Vininff's Hill, Kenesaw, and Allatoona sent my orders to Genoral
Cbise at Rome, whereof General Corse was enabled to reach Allatoona just in
time to defend it. Had it not been for the services of this corps on tiiat occasion
I am satisfied we should have lost the garrison at AUatoona and a most valuable
depositary of provisions there, which was worth to us and the country more than
the aggregate expense of the whole Signal On^ for one year.
This will serve to evince the important character of the services of
the corps at times when operating with the army alone. The follow-
ing account will demonstrate its eminent usefulness where the army
and navy operated in conjunction. In the expedition organized to
attack Fort Fisher in the month of Januaiy of this year, an army
signal officer was with Admiral Porter, commanding the fleet, and
oUiers with Greneral Terry, commanding the land forces, who by means
of signals placed these commanding officers in such immediate com-
munication that the fire of the navy, which otherwise must have
slackened after the assault commenced upon the part of the army,
was kept up without cessation as the enemy was driven from traverse
to traverse. In this connection Admiral Porter, in a communication
to the Secretary of the Navy, which induced the latter to tender
the thanks of the Navy Department to the War Department for this
efficient agency, states:
ThrouflAt Hr. Clemens (signal officer) I was in constant communication with
Qeneral Terry, even during the assault on Fort Fisher, and was enabled to direct
the fire of the New Ironsides to the traverses occupied oy the enemy, without fear
of hurting our own people, from my complete rehance on him.
Thus, through this mobile system of visual telegraphing, the army
and navy are made to act as a unit. During the war there were more
forcible instances of this kind than the above, when, in most imx)or-
tant crises, it would have been imx>ossible for the navy to have ren-
dered the necessary assistance save through the aid of army signals,
by means of which its fire was directed to unseen points with almost
as much facility and certainty as could have been done if the gun-
ners would have had the object of their aim in view. I would also
state here that improvements were made during the year in the sim-
ple cipher apparatus used by the corps in sending secret messages
which, if they did not absolutely defy deciphering, were of such an
intricate and complex character that messages sent thereby cannot
156 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
possibly be interpreted by the uninitiated within such period as to be
of any service to the enemy, even should the messenger fall into his
hands.
With these references to special transactions of the corps, and hav-
ing accorded to its members the merit and thanks so well earned by
earnest patriotism, by zealous, faithful, and constant exertion to ren-
der services throughout the war to their country, and by the success
achieved, and having conceded to them the claim that no class of the
militaiy was more anxious to be useful, or welcomed with more satis-
faction additional duties, we will conclude this report by calling
attention to the necessity for additional action, in order to afford in
the future to the Army the requisite signal service.
As experience has clearly demonstrated the eminent advantage of
having a signal officer attached to garrisons and posts liable to be
besieged, in order to secure communication over the heads of an
enemy, should occasion arise, and of having a sufficient number of
signal officers as a nucleus that would be immediately available in
the event of future wars, it is submitted that such action should be
taken by the authorities as would secure for such contingencies the
properly instructed officers. This can be done in two modes : Either by
continuing a small permanent organization with specifically defined
duties, or by detailing a certain number of officers from other branches
of the service, and directing them to report to the Signal Officer of the
Army to be instructed, with a view to their being assigned to such gar-
risons and posts as it may be deemed necessary to provide with means
of signal communication.
If the former mode be adopted it is recpmmended that a board of
officers, more or less acquainted with the past services of this depart-
ment, be appointed to report the form of the required organization,
and to define, as far as practicable, the specific duties to he assigned
it, to avoid in the future the great stumbling-block which was left
in the way in the past organizatiofi, and which, in many instances,
crippled the usefulness of the corps by its not being properly under-
stood what it could do or was expected to do.
It is presumed that no argument need be presented in favor of a
new organization, as it is self-evident greater interest would be taken
in the service, and greater perfection attained in it, than in a simply
acting corps.
I have the honor, sir, to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
B. F. FISHER,
Chief Signal Officer and Colonel, U. 8. Army.
Circular ) War Dept., Adjutant-General's Office,
No. 46. j Washington, October f^, 1866.
orders and instructions relative to the muster out of vol-
unteer TROOPS, VIZ, ALL CAVALRY (WHIFE) EAST OF THE
MISSISSIPPI, AND CERTAIN VOLUNTEERS IN VARIOUS ARMIES AND
DEPARTMENTS.
I. Cavalry east of the Mississippi.
Under paragraph V, General Orders, No. 144, Adjutant-General's
Office, October 9, 1865, the following regiments of volunteer cavalry
— 4ill of that arm remaining in service east of the Mississippi River^
UNION AUTHORITIES. 157
were ordered mastered out. (Telegram to department commanders
from Adjutant-General's Office, dated October 16, 1865.)
Alabama. — First (ten companies).
Florida. — First and Second.
lUinois. — Sixth, Seventh, and Ninth.
Indiaofui. — Thirteenth.
Massachuaetts. — Fourth.
Missouri. — Fourth.
Michigan. — ^Tenth.
New York. — Second Veteran and Fourth Provisional.
New Jersey. — Second.
Ofcio.— Fifth and Twelfth.
Pennsylvania. — Third Provisional.
Rhode Jsiand.— Third.
District of Columbia. — First (squadron).
II. Troops in various armies and departments — ^services no longer
required.
MSMORANDA.
1. October 9, 1865. — ^Major-General Halleck, commanding Military
Division of the Pacific, was directed to muster out all volunteers on
the Pacific Coast, as many as possible immediately, the remainder on
the arrival of the last battalion of the Fourteenth U. S. Infantry.
2. October 10, 1865. — Major-General Pope, commanding the Depart-
ment of the Missouri, was directed to order all CaUfomia Volunteers
in New Mexico to their State at oncc for muster out. Also, to relievo
as soon as possible all New Mexican Volunteers, one regiment thereof
to be mustered out immediately, the remainder on the arrival of cer-
tain regular troops.
3. Regiments of cavalry, infantry, and artillery ordered mustered
out under sx)ecial instructions of dates set opposite the organizations,
respectively:
Ohio. — Infantiy: Eighteenth, September 29, 1865.
Pennsylvania. — ^Artfllery: Third Heavy, October 9, 1865 (General
Orders, No. 144).
New York. — Infantry: One hundred and sixty-first (battalion),
October 9, 1865 (General Orders, No. 144).
Keniuchy {U. 8. Colored Troops). — Infantry: One hundred and
twenty-third, One hundred and twenty-fourth, and One hundred and
thirty-fifth, October 2, 1865. Artillery: Twelfth Heavy (Thirteenth
Heavy since substituted), October 2, 1865.
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant AdjvJtard-Oeneral.
War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
WashingUmy October 20y 1866.
Adjt. Gen. N. B. Baker,
Clinton^ Iowa:
General: Referring to your letter of August 9, inclosing exhibit
of three-months' men, and referring to certain other troops as not
credited, I have the honor to state that all men duly and legally
reported to this office "on report of July 30, 1864," and from "Octo-
ber 1, 1864, to May 20, 1866," have been reported to the Provost-Mar-
shal-General of the United States.
158 COBRESl*ONDENCE, ETC.
In regard to Iowa men in regiments from other States, I would
refer to the correspondence heretofore had with your headquarters on
the subject, and in which the principle was enunciated that no such
credits could be allowed, except on an adjustment between the Gov-
ernors of the States concerned. All troops regularly reported from
October 1, 1864, to May 20, 1865, have been duly credited, and the
records of the acting assistant provost-marshal-general of the State
should bear evidence of the fact. Your letter of August 9, with a
copy of this, has been referred to the Provost-Marshal-General of the
United States for his action.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
THOMAS M, VINCENT,
Assisiani Adjutant- C^eneraL.
List of volimteer organizaiions which have 6een, or are ordered to
6e, miLstered out of service^ not included in previous circulars.
War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
Washingiony October 2J^ 1866,
Connecticut, — Infantry: Twenty-ninth (Colored).
District of Columbia, — Cavalry: First.
i^'^orida.— -Cavalry: First. Second and First East, consolidated
with First Cavalry.
/Hmois.— Infantry: Fifty-fourth. Cavalry: Sixth, Seventh, Ninth.
Men of Ninety-fifth Infantry remaining in service, transferred to
Forty-seventh Infantry — latter still in service.
Iridiana, — Cavalry: Thirteenth.
Kansas, — Cavalry : Companies L and M, Fifth. This completes the
muster out of the regiment.
Missouri, — Cavalry: Fourth, Fifteenth, Sixteenth.
Michigan, — Cavalry: Tenth.
Massachusetts. — Cavalry: Fourth, Fifth (Colored).
New York, — Infantry: One hundred and fifty-sixth. One hundred
and sixtieth, One hundred and sixty-first, and One hundred and seven-
ty-third. Cavalry: Second Veteran, Fourth Provisional.
New Jersey. — Cavalry: Second.
Ohio. — Infantry: One hundred and ninety-fourth. Cavalry: Fifth
and Twelfth.
Pennat/Zvania.— Artillery: Third Heavy. Cavalry: Third F*rovis-
ional.
Rhode Island. — Cavalry: Third.
U, S. Colored TVoops.— Infantry: Second, Third, Eighth, Twenty-
second, Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth, Twenty-eighth,
Twenty-ninth, Thirty-first, Forty-first, Forty-second, Forty-third,
Forty-fifth, Seventy-third, Seventy-fourth, Seventy-seventh, One
hundred and sixth, One hundred and twenty-third, One hundred and
twenty-fourth, One hundred and twenty-seventh. One hundred and
thirty-fifth. One company Pioneers. Artillerv: Thirteenth Heaw.
Note. — Seventy-third Infantry has been heretofore reported consol-
idated with Ninety-sixth U. S. Colored Troops. Seventy-seventh Infan-
try has been heretofore reported consolidated with the Tenth U. S.
Colored Heavy Artillery. One hundred and sixth Infantry has been
heretofore reported consolidated with Fortieth U. S. Colored Troops.
UNION AUTH0BITIE8. 159
General Obdess, ) War Dbpt., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 165. i" Washington, October 26, 1S65.
order for discharging certain officers and hen of the
veteran reserve corps.
In view of the very numerous and pressing applications for discharge
by members of the Veteran Reserve Corps, department commanders
wiU cause all organizations of that corps within the geographical
limits of their command to be paraded before a general or general
staff officer as soon after the receipt of this order as practicable.
Any general or general staff officer on duty within the limits of the
de2>artment whose services can be spared may be detailed for this
purpose. The officer will question each officer and enlisted man
so {traded as to whether he wishes to be discharged or to remain in
the service, and will make out separate lists of those who wish a dis-
charge and of those who wish to remain in service. Each list will
then be read before the officers and men, who will have an opportu-
nity to correct it, so that it will be a true expression of their wishas on
the" subject. The officer will visit all those who may be absent from
the parade, and in a similar manner obtain their wishes and enter
their names on the proper rolls.
Hie rolls of officers and men who wish to be discharged will then
be turned over to the proper commissary of musters, who will imme-
diately muster out of service those whose names are on the rolls of
such as desire discharge. He will obtain from regimental officers the
necessary data, and complete the rolls of those who desire to remain
in service, so as to exhibit their rank and degree of disability.
ITiese roUs, when completed, will be forwarded to the Adjutant-
Creneral.
Names of officers and men belonging to different companies or reg-
iments will not be borne on the same rolls in any of the above cases.
The rolls of those who wish to remain in service, as well as those who
wish for discharge, will be made on the prescribed blanks for muster
and descriptive rolls, and will contain full information according to
the form of the blank.
Department commanders will see that this order is executed with
promptness.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant- General,
CiRcnLAB) War Dept., Adjutant-General's Office,
No. 47. ) Washington, October 26, 1865.
The credit of recruits and re-enlisted men of the Regular Army to
the quota of the States, Territories, and the District of Columbia,
required to be made by Circular No. 7, February 16, 1865, from this
office, will be discontinued from and after November 1, 1865, and all
repoi^ required by said circular to be forwarded to this office, and
to the Governors and assistant provost-marshals-general of States
and Territories^ will cease to be rendered from and after that date.
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant- Ge7ieral.
160
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Hdqrs. Kentucky Vols., Adjt. General's Office,
Frankfort, October 26^ 1866.
Bvt. Col. Thomas M. Vincent,
Assistant AdjviantrOeneral^ Washington, D. C:
Colonel: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your
telegram of the 20th instant, and as requested I inclose herein a
statement of the designation, date of organization, and nnmerical
strength of troops raised under the authority of the act of Congress
approved February 7, 1863. These regiments and batteries were
for twelve months' service, and organized for the better defense of
Kentucky. At that time (1863) all the Federal forces were required
at the front, and Kentucky was left in comparatively a defenseless
position. As the communication with our army, then occupying
Tennessee, was a matter of great importance, the term of service of
these troops was fixed at twelve months to induce a speedy organiza-
tion, as they were intended to keep open that communication. They
rendered good and efficient service both in Kentucky and elsewhere,
and many of them availed themselves of the privilege allowed by
the War Department and re-enlisted. If you desire a statement of
the expenses incurred by the State in organizing these troops I will
willingly forward same and any other definite information you may
desire appertaining thereto.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
D. W. LINDSEY,
Adjutant- General of KerUucky,
[Inoloeare.]
A list of regiments and batteries raised under the act of Congress approved
February 7, 1863^ authorizing the State of Kentucky to rais^ a force not exceeding
to ^000 men for one year's service.
Numerical desi^iuttion of organisation.
aotli Ren lucky tnfantry .
,%^t h It^n tuo ky En fii v f,Tj .
37th Keutiicky Ihfusitry.
401.1]. Kentut^kv Inlnrary.
4StL Kc^ntufky Iiif.tiary.
4Trh Rt^iiturkv Itii.iniry .
4«th Krntupky l^rniKry.
4Jnto K^mfiky in ran try.
frSd Keotuoky Infitntry ..
Total.
Date of moater into tlie
U. S. service.
Fpb.U to April MSej
831
SeK lflt« (.kit 7l9&i
823
Se[it 4, J^i6J.U>Ja(i -1.1884 ..
M7
Jitly rWf ttj Sf^pt. ;». Iftsa
833
0<t. lU, lHe3,laF(»tH,lB«4...
842
o< t & t*» itec ^'i, lew,
7M
0<t.2t3. IMJ ..„.„
836
Sei»LltttoOrt.7, IMJ
847
Oil. le, mOl.toMajch:], 1864.
7ti0
III
7.3S3
CAVALRY.
13th Kentucky Cavalry .
Dec. 23, 1863.
1.157
ARTILLERY.
3fl Kentucky Batterj' (C) a . . .
4th Kentucky Battery (1)) a .
Total.
Sept. 10, 1863 .
Oct. 6, 1863...
141
99
240
I Re^enliated for three years.
D. W. LINDSEY,
Adjutant'Oeneral of Kentucky,
UNION AUTHOBITIB8. 161
State of Omo, Executive Department,
Columbus, October 27, 1866,
Hon. Edwin M. Stanton,
Secretary of War, Washington, D. C. :
Sm: I inclose an application of Maj. L. G. Marshall, commanding
Eleventh Regiment Ohio Volnnteer Cavalry, to have his regiment
mustered out of the U. S. service.*
I have already, by my letter of the 16th ultimo, expressed so fully
my views of this whole case — ^the detention of volunteers in a service
not contemplated by themselves when they enlisted, nor yet author-
ized by the acts of Congress — that I do not think it now necessary to
repeat my reasons for these opinions and their consequent demand.
I should have been pleased to have been informed of the views
and intentions of your Department in regard to the Ohio Volunteers
now in the service, in order to have conformed my own action, if con-
sistent with duty to these citizens, to the designs and convenience of
your Department. As it is, having failed apparently in procuring an
assent to my demand for the prompt discharge of all, I can only for-
ward their applications in detail.
Very respectfully, CHARLES ANDERSON,
Oovemor of Ohio,
6t the President of the United States of America :
A proclamation.
Whereas, it has pleased Almighty God, during the year which is
now coming to an end, to relieve our beloved country from the fearful
scourge of civil war, and to permit us to secure the blessings of peace,
unity, and harmony, with a great enlargement of civil liberty;
And whereas, our Heavenly Father has also during the year gra-
ciously averted from us the calamities of foreign war, pestilence,
and famine, while our granaries are full of the fruits of an abundant
season;
And whereas, righteousness exalteth a nation, while sin is a
reproach to any x>eople:
Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew Johnson, President
of the United States, do hereby recommend to the i>eople thereof that
they do set apart and observe the first Thursday of December next
as a day of national thanksgiving to the Creator of the universe for
these great deliverances and blessings.
And I do further recommend that on that occasion the whole
people make confession of our national sins against His infinite good-
ness, and with one heart and one mind implore the Divine guidance
in the ways of national virtue and holiness.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused
the seal of the United States to be affixed.
Done at the city of Washington this twenty-eighth day of October,
in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five,
and of the Independence of the United States of America the
ninetieth.
[l. S.] ANDREW JOHNSON.
By the President:
WILLIAM H. SEWARD,
Secretary of State,
•Omitted.
11 B Br-fiERIES m, VOL V
162 correspondence, etc.
Engineer Department,
Washingtarij October SO, 1865,
Hon. E. M. Stanton,
Secretary of War, Washington, D. C:
Sir: I have the honor to present the following report upon the sev-
eral branches of the pablic service committed to the care of this
department for the year ending on the 30th of June, 1866:
CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
- Dviies of the officers during the year, — The Corps of Engineers con-
sisted of eighty-five officers, the Military Academy, its officers and
professors, and the battalion of engineer soldiers of five companies.
Of the eighty-five officers of engineers embraced in the corps, fifty-
four were on detached duty commanding army corps, divisions, and
other military organizations; on staff duty and as engineers and
assistant engineers with armies operating against the rebels; in com-
mand of the pontoon-bridge service, and in command of the troox>s of
the engineer battalion; and thirty-one on duty superintending sea-
coast defenses, lake surveys, lake and sea-coast harbor improvements,
Military Academy, and assisting the Chief Engineer in connection with
all these duties.
Every officer of the corps has been on continued and uninterrupted
duty during the entire year, and four of its members have died in
service.
The loss in officers killed and who have died in service from wounds
and other causes during the rebellion is fourteen.
Twenty-one of the members of the corps still remain on detached
service performing important duties growing out of the rebellion,
which prevent their returning to engineer duty.
The value and estimation in which the military talents and prac-
tical knowledge of the officers of the corps are held have, by contrib-
uting to the command of the armies and for staff service, together
with the loss of those who have given their lives to the defense of their
country, greatly reduced its numbers and efficiency for the many duties
devolving upon it. Many of those of highest rank and experience are
still on detached service, and the vacancies from casualties have neces-
sarily been filled by junior members, recent distinguished graduates
of the Military Academy.
Although the legal strength of the corps is sufficient to perform the
proper functions of its members, the present assignment of its officers
renders it impracticable to meet the numerous demands upon the
department.
For a comprehensive knowledge of the duties of the engineers, a
recurrence to the general objects of the campaign is necessary. (See
plans Nos. 1 and 11.*)
It will be recollected that by descending the Shenandoah and cross-
ing the Potomac above Harper's Ferry the rebel army in 1864
threatened Washington, Baltimore, Pittsburg, and even Philadelphia,
as also intermediate cities. Washington City had become the great
depot for immense supplies for all arms of service for months in
advance. An extensive ordnance depot, a navy-yard, the general
hospitals, the archives of the Nation, its Executive and judiciary,
with the public edifices for all national purposes, was the rich prize,
•Plate LXXXIX, Map 1, and Plate C, Map 1 (revised), of the Atlas.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 163
to gain XK)8session of which the rebel authorities directed their efforts,
as well as to divert our armies from the attack on Richmond. At
Antietam and Sooth Mountain they had been defeated and driven
back into the Valley of the Shenandoah. Again they made a pow-
erful effort and were defeated at Gettysburg and driven across the
Potomac and up the valley. In July, 1864, after the lieutenant-
general had forced the rebel armies concentrated under Lee from
Todd's Tavern, through Spotsylvania and Cold Harbor, into Rich-
mond and Petersburg, they made another effort to divert the lieuten-
ant-general by det^hing Early on another expedition down the
Valley of the Shenandoah and across the Potomac, threatening Bal-
timore by moving on the Monocacy, where a small body of our
troops were repufied, thus jeopardizing both Baltimore and Wash-
ington. The attention of the lieutenant-general was given to these
efforts of his adversary to divert him from his main object — ^the defeat
and capture of Lee's army — and, whOe withdrawing part of the gar-
rison to re-enforce the armies operating against Richmond, he held
the command of his rear and Washington by being enabled to trans-
port from before Petersburg as large a force as Lee could detach to
operate in the valley and on Washington. Many thousands of
wounded and sick occupied the hospitals in Washington, and the
troops fit for duty did not suffice to man the armaments of the forts
around the city. The engineers had previously constructed a system
of detached redoubts and forts around the city on a circuit of
upward of thirty-five miles. Early, after his success at Monocacy,
moved directly upon the defenses of Washington between the
Potomac and the Eastern Branch. (See plan No. 1.*) Colonel Alex-
ander, of the Corps of Engineers, was the only officer of the corps
whose i)ersonal attention could be given to these defenses. Colonel
Woodruff and Major Kurtz, of the Corps of Engineers, and assistants
of the Chief Engineer, were first ordered to these defenses. Subse-
quently all the officers on the sea-coast, north and east of this city,
were detached from their labors of constructing sea-coast batteries
(then threatened by rebel iron-clads building in Europe, as another
effort to divert our armies in the field), and were ordered to the
defenses of Baltimore and Washington — Major Prime, Captain Rob-
ert, and Lieut. J. A. Smith to the aid of Colonel Brewerton at Balti-
more, and Colonel Macomb, Major Blunt, Major Casey, and Captain
Tardy to the aid of Colonel Alexander at Washington. The rebel
blow was aimed at Washington. The wise foresight of the Secretary
of War had caused all the employes of the several bureaus of his
Department to be organized and drilled as infantry troops. The
necessity for the withdrawal of the Sixth Army Corps from Peters-
burg and of the Nineteenth from New Orleans had also been fore-
seen, and orders sent to them to proceed to this city to meet the blow
that was threatened. The Veteran Reserves and convalescents from
the hospitals were also ordered to garrison the defenses. Requisi-
tions were made upon the Governors of States to furnish troops, but
with little success. The Sixth and Nineteenth Corps arrived at the
most opportune moment. Early directed his efforts upon Fort Stev-
ens, but finding the garrison re-enforced, and even moving out of the
defenses to meet him, he suddenly retreated across the Potomac and
up the Valley of the Shenandoah. The engineers were then ordered
to their former stations on the sea-board.
•Plate LXXXIX, Map 1, of the Atlas.
164 COBREftPOKDENCE, ETC.
Early was parsned by Sheridan with his cavalry and the troops
that drove him from Washington up the Shenandoah, defeating him
and his re-enforcements, and eventually annihilating his army. For
this expedition Major Stewart, Captain Gillespie, and Lieutenant
Meigs, of the Corps of Engineers, were assigned. In the death of
Lieutenant Meigs, while reconnoitering in the neighborhood of Win-
chester, the corps lost one of its most meritorious and valued mem-
bers. Captain Gillespie accompanied Sheridan's expedition to the
James River, destroying the rebel communications on that river and
all others west and north of Richmond, and finally joined the lieu-
tenant-general before Petersburg.
With the investment of Petersburg commenced a series of labo-
rious and difficult engineering operations by the Army of the James
and the Army of the Potomac. The narratives collated from the
rei)orts of Colonel Michler and General Michie give the details of
these operations.* A reference to plan No. 12 will explain the extent
of the defenses about Petersburg and Richmond and the labors of
our engineers about Petersburg and the rebel defenses on the north
side of the James River, f
The rebels after being defeated by the army under Lieutenant-
General Grant and driven from their intrenchments around Peters-
burg, extending to the Hatchie [Hatcher^s Run?], evacuated that city
on the 2d of April, 1865. The evacuation of Richmond followed on
the 3d of April, when the rebel army under Lee retreated, and was
closely pursued and pressed to Apiwmattox Court-House, where it
yielded to the superior prowess and skill of the armies of the United
States, on the 9th of April, 1865, thus breaking up all semblance of
rebel authority, leaving Sherman to end it by the capture of Johnston
on the 23d of April. A map of this campaign is in progress, awaiting
information yet to be collected to perfect it as an historical record of
these ever-memorable military operations which resulted in restoring
the power and union of a nation.
After the evacuation of Richmond the rebel chief and his advisers,
who devised this most unjust and unwarrantable scheme to destroy
a nation, sought safety in flight toward Georgia. Their movements
had been foreseen, and were provided for by a brilliant campaign of
a cavalry force under General James H. Wilson (captain of the O^rps
of Engineers), who posted his troops with great discrimination and
judgment, and succeeded in capturing the leader at Irwinton [Irwin-
ville] on the 10th of May, 1865.
From Atlanta the grand army of the West, commanded by Sher-
man, commenced moving for the sea-coast, while Thomas occupied
Tennessee and Kentucky. The rebels under Hood on evacuating
Atlanta operated on Sherman's previous line of march.
The labors of the engineers at Chattanooga under Colonel Merrill,
and the volunteer engineers, had rendered this important position as
well as Knoxville impregnable; and Hood retrograded toward the
Tennessee River with a force so far superior to Thomas' as to cause
the latter to fall back gradually upon Nashville. The labors of the
engineers in fortifying Franklin, on the Harpeth River, did not suffice,
with a single army coTps under Schofield, to hold those intrenchments.
Our army fell back to Nashville, where much labor and the skill of
the engineers had previously been bestowed in fortifying it by General
*For reports of Michler and Michie, see Series I, Vols. XXXVI, XL, XUI,
XLVI, and LI.
t Plate C, Map 3, of the Atlas.
UKIOK AUTHORITIES. 165
Morion, CJolonel Merrill, Captains Barlow and Bnrrouglis, and other
junior offioers of the Corps of Engineers, together with volunteer
engineers. In September, 1864, Major Tower, Corps of Engineers
(brevet major-general of volunteers), took chaise of these defenses,
and perceiving the great imx>ortance of Nashville as a depot of sup-
plies, as well as other important strate^o advantages, commenced
to add to and perfect the fortifications (see plan No. 4*), on which
he continued unremittingly until Hood's advance and investment of
the place on the 15th and i6th of December, 1864 [sic].
During the few days preceding Hood's arrival before Nashville,
Thomas had concentrated his several available army corps within the
fortifications of Nashville, the plan of which is g^ven on plate No. 4.*
The importance of these defenses was mainly in enabling Thomas
to concentrate his army at a depot well stored with munitions of war,
and to hold his enemy, flushed with his successful march from
Atlanta, in check until he was ready to take the fleld.
The accompanying plan of the fortiflcations (No. 4*) by General
Tower and annexed extracts from his report explain more fully the
successes of this most important advance of Thomas, resulting in the
demolition and annihilation of the rebel x>ower in Tennessee.
During the same eventful period the fortifications that had been
constructed by the engineers at Murfreesborough were successfully
held and defended by a part of Thomas' army.
Colonel Merrill, captain of engineers, with the volunteer engineers,
had during the year given special attention to fortifying all the
important points on the railroads in Tennessee and part of Kentucky,
while Lieutenant-Colonel Simpson, Corps of Engineers, had fortified
Cincinnati, Ohio; Covington and Newx>ort, Frankfort and LouisviUe,
Ky., and the Unes of the LouisviUe, Nashville and Kentucky Central
Railroads, thus covering Thomas' rear and defending his lines of
communication.
Such is a general outline of the labors of the engineers in Tennessee.
The march of the grand army of the West under Sherman (see plan
No. 3f ) did not call for offensive or defensive fortifications.
The labors of the engineers. Captain Poe (brevet brigadier-general,
tJ. S. Army), Captain Reese (brevet brigadier-^neral, U. S. Army),
Lieutenant Stickney (brevet major, XJ. S. Army)> Lieutenant Ludlow
(breviet major, U. S. Army), and Lieutenant Dainrell, were most
advantageously bestowed upon the roads and bridges, and recon-
noitering the enemy's movements and positions. (See annexed
narratives.)
The i)ontoon trains under charge of these oflftcers were indispensable
to the success of the army, They consisted of canvas boats, which
proved serviceable for the march of this army from the Tennessee to
its final disbandment in Washington City in 1865. The advantages
of these light trains, their frequent use during the campaign proving
their adaptation to our country, are fully develoi)ed in the narrative
collated from Poe's and Reese's reports.
In September, 1863, Knoxville was captured by our force, and in
November of the same year Chattanooga was occupied by our army.
At the latter x)oint Sherman concentrated his supplies and moved in
force against the rebels, driving them through Ringgold, Tunnel Hill,
Dalton, Besaca, Allatoona, and Eenesaw, to Atlanta.
* Plate LXXn, Map 2, of the Atlas,
t Plate LXXVI, Map 2, of the Atlas.
166 COBRBBPONDENCE, ETC.
At this latter place the rebel army was strongly intrenched. The
place was first invested by our army on the north and east, when, its
strength being fully ascertained, Sherman marched his armv to the
south, defeating the rebels at Jonesborough and Lovejoy s, thus
investing it on the south and compelling Hood to evacuate this
stronghold.
The annexed narrative, collated from the report of Brevet Brigadier-
General O. M. Poe, U. S. Army, captain of engineers, gives the im-
portant incidents connected with its capture, and furnishes plans of
the rebel defenses. (See plan No. 2*; see narrative annexed.)
- While these movements and successes of the armies under Thomas
and Sherman were in progress, Greneral Grant ordered a division of
his army under Geneml Terry to co-operate with the navy in the
reduction of the defenses of the mouth of Cai>e Fear River in January,
1865.
Captain Comstock, of the Corps of Engineers (lieutenant-colonel,
aide-de-camp, brevet brigadier-general of volunteers), had charge of
title engineer operations of this expedition.
Fort Fisher, situated at and commanding the northern entrance of
this river, was found to be the key of the position. Plans Nos. 5 and
6f give the details of the defenses constructed by our army to cover
its landing and its rear while operating on Fort Fisher.
A boml^rdment by the fleet, resulting in dismounting many of the
guns on the land front of the work, as well as cutting the electric
wires for exploding a formidable system of mines on the same front,
preceded a successful assault by the troops under General Terry.
The accompanying plans Nos. 5 and G, with extracts from General
Comstock's report, give the details of the rebel fortifications and those
thrown up by our troops. (See General Comstock's report, annexed.)
Later in the season General Canby concentrated the troops under
his command and moved to the attack of the city of Mobile, having
the co-operation of the navy. The labors of the engineers under
Captain McAleeter (brevet major, *tJ. S. Army), Captain Palfrey
(brevet lieutenant-colonel, U. S. Army^, Lieutenant Bumham (brevet
major, U. S. Army), and others, were here called into requisition.
Blakely (see plan No. 7 J) was invested, batteries constructed and
opened upon the formidable rebel batteries covered by strong intrench-
ments, with abatis surrounding their entire position, with its flanks
resting on the Blakely River.
Plan No. 7, with extracts from the report of Major McAlester, gives
the details of the operations, flnal assault and destruction of the
rebel defenses on the 8th of April, 18G5. (See McAlester's report,
annexed.)
Spanish Fort was at the same time invested by our army, and the
more formidable siege operations of a first and second parallel vrith
approaches and enfilading batteries became necessary, and resulted
finally in the capture of the rebel defenses by assault, on the 8th and
9th of April, 1865. (See plan No. 8.§)
These defenses and approaches are given in detail on plans Nos. 7
and 8, which, with extracts from Major McAlester's report, will
explain and illustrate this well-designed and skillfully executed siege.
•Plate LXXXVm, Map 1, of the Atlas,
t Plate LXXV, Maps 1 and 2, of the Atlas.
1 Plate LXXI, Map 14, of the Atlas.
gPlate LXXIX, ^p 7, of the Atlas.
UNION AUTHOamES. 167
The fall of Blakely and Spanish Fort caused the rebel army under
Taylor, Gardner, and Maury to evacuate Mobile, and retreat to the
north.
Plan No. 9* g^ves the formidable rebel defenses of the city of
Mobile, surrounding it with three lines of detached forts and con-
necting intrenchments, with the flanks resting on Mobile River. The
skillful labors of the rebel engineers about this city were very exten-
sive and the system exceedingly strong.
The determination of the commanding general to turn these works,
by first reducing Blakely and Spanish Fort, proved successful, and
the character of the works as shown on the plan forcibly illustrates
the saving of lives and treasure in not first attempting to reduce these
powerful defenses.
Plan No. lOf gives the x>osition of the entire and connected sys-
tem of rebel defonses that succumbed to the skill and talent of
Canby.
While these imiwrtant operations were in progress in Tennessee
and Alabama, Sherman, with the grand army of the West, and Lieu-
tenant-General Grant, with the combined Armies of the Potomac and
the James, together with the garrison of Washington City, were
simultaneously leading the national forces to strike a final blow to
rebel power, and enforce the restoration of national authority from
the Atlantic to the Pacific. (See plan No. 3.|)
Sherman's army reached the sea-coast, by first capturing Fort
McAllister, on the 13th of December, 1864, by Hazen. The strong
rebel intrenchments at Savannah were then invested, and the rebel
General Hardee driven from them across the Savannah River. The
department has as yet received no plans of Fort McAllister or of the
d^enses of Savannah. The labors of the engineers of Sherman's
army (see Poe's narrative) were again bestowed principally in recon-
noitering the enemy's positions, and maneuvering the canvas pontoon
trains to cross the army over the several rivers between Savannah
and the last wateivcourse crossed in pursuit of rebels. The success
of these bridge trains is given in the extracts from Generals Poe's
and Reese's reiwrts. The city of Charleston fell into our power on
tiie 18th of February, 1865, after its evacuation by the rebels in con-
sequence of Sherman's movements in its rear, and cutting off its
supplies from the interior, while it was already blockaded by our fieet
and invested by land by our army.
Schofield, after the reduction of the entire defenses of Smithville,
moved upon Raleigh, and united his forces with those of Sherman.
The engineer operations on this line were in reconnoitering and
maneuvering the pontoon-bridge trains for the passage of the rivers,
under Lieutenant Stickney (brevet major, U. S. Army), of the Corps
of Engineers. (See Stickney's narrative.) After oostinately con-
tested combats at Averasborough and Bentonville, the rebel power
under Johnston was finally overcome and subdued by the capture of
his entire command on the 23d [26th] of April, 1865; after which, by
easy marches, the grand army of the West repaired to Washington
City. (See plans Nos. 1, 11, and 12. §)
The momentous campaign of the armies under the command of the
lieutenant-general, with the purpose of capturing Richmond, and
* Plate CV, Map 1, of the Atlas.
f Plate LXXI, Map 18, of the Atlas.
i Plate LXXVI, Map 2, of the Atlas.
gPlates LXXXIX, Map 1; C, 1 and C, 2, of the Atlas.
168 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
overthrowing the rebel authorities holding the semblance of Confed-
erate power in that city, was commenced on the Rapidan in May,
1864. The battles of Todd's Tavern, on the 7th of May; of Spotsyl-
vania, on the 14th and 19th, and passage of the North Anna, on the
24th; of Ck>ld Harbor, on the dlst of May and 1st of June; the march
thence and passage of the James River on the 16th, 17th, and 18th,
with the investment of Petersburg on the 3d of July, 1864, constitute
a brilliant series of grand battles and maneuvers that do not oope
within the scope of engineer reports.
The annexed narrative and information from the reiwrt of Colonel
Michler, dated October, 1865, give more specifically the labors of the
offtcers of the Engineer Corps during the progress of this campaign.
SEA-COAST AND LAKE DEFENSES.
While most of the offtcers of the Corps of Engineers have been
actively engaged in the field, as heretofore stated, others have given
their attention to the importont labor of sea-coast defenses.
Against predatory expeditions of rebel cruisers and iron-armored
vessels, built in foreign ports claiming to be neutral, it was necessary
to construct batteries to mount rifle artillery and smooth-bored
ordnance of heavier calibers than heretofore used. Colonel Macomb,
Major Blunt, Major Casey, of the Corps of Engineers, were employed
in thus fortifying thirteen harbors on the Eastern coast. At the same
time progress on the x>ermanent sea-coast defenses was continued at
all the harbors from Maine to Hampton Roads, inclusive, at Key
West and Tortugas, and at San Francisco; and repairing the perma-
nent works on the Gulf of Mexico that were taken from the rebels,
which had been more or lees injured by them and by our attacks, to
restore them to the Union. On the Northern and EEbstem works, as
also on the California coast, the main object has been so to direct the
operations as soonest to mount the contemplated armaments, which,
at this time, are required to be of such penetrating and crushing
power as will in all probability insure the destruction of any iron-
armored vessels that can combat them. The introduction of these
increased calibers and this power of artillery has made it necessary
to renew most of the gun platforms heretofore constructed, which were
designed for no larger caliber than 42-pounders. At the present time
no smaller gun is prepared for the sea-coast batteries than 100-pounder
rifle guns, and ten to fifteen inch rifled and smooth-bored guns.
The further construction of the sea-coast batteries has been retarded
by the necessity which now exists of so covering part of our guns and
gunners as to render them secure against any advantage that an
attacking power in iron-armored ships opposed to them shall {wssess.
So far as we have yet progressed, preparations for guns of large
caliber have been perfected, and the guns mounted to throw, collect-
ively, 147,150 pounds of metal at a single discharge, which is an
addition during the year of 40,651 x)ounds of metal that can be so
thrown against an enemy.
Continuing to increase the armament on our sea-coast in the same
ratio for a reasonable time will render the harbor defenses exceed-
ingly difficult for any maritime power to overcome, and, in combina-
tion with other auxiliary means of defense, will carry the cost and
time requisite to subdue them beyond the means of foreign powers,
provided we hold our works in a x>erf ect condition for bot£ laiid and
sea attacks.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 169
Boards of engineers have been detailed to consider what modifica-
tions are necessary at each and every work along onr sea-coast to
adapt them to resist the powerful armaments that Enropean fleets,
singly or combined, may be Enabled to bring across the Atlantic,
oyer the bars of onr ports and harbors, to attack them.
The details of the opejations during the year at the several works
on the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, Lake and Pacific Coasts, derived
mostly from the reports of the superintending engineers, are annexed.
PRISON DEPOTS.
The prison depots also called for the labors of engineer officers.
Point lAX>koat, at the mouth of the Potomac, was subject to sudden
attack from marauding parties and detached cavalry from armies
operating against Baltimore and Washington, which, with the
immense body of prisoners, made it necessary to fortify the position
against attempts to liberate them by forts commanding both the
interior and exterior. Major Stewart, assisted by Lieutenant Cant-
weU, and afterward Colonel Brewerton, constructed these defensive
works.
THE PRISON DEPOT AT JOHNSON'S ISLAND.
Cleveland Harbor, Lake Erie, had to be defended against attempts
of the prisoners, and succor by water from expeditions organized in
the friendly and neutral territories of Great Britain in Canada.
Major Casey and Captain Tardy were assigned to and i>erf ormed this
service, constructing a water battery at the mouth of the harbor,
against a force approaching by water, and temporary field forts on
Johnson's Island.
SURVEYS, MAPS, AND TOPOGRAPHY.
The surveys for the armies in the field, embracing the topography
of the country passed over and particular sites occupied, have been
referred to in other parts of this report.
The extent of the labors i)erf ormed by the officers on duty in the
Bureau has been the engraving, lithographing, photographing, and
issuing 24,591 sheets for officers in the field and various branches of
the service requiring this information, leaving still on hand a few
copies of each publication for reference and the calls of the War
Department.
The survey of the northwestern lakes has been in progress for sev-
eral years, to obtain for the commerce of the States whose industry
is promoted by that extended interior navigation the safety that a
perfect and correct knowledge of the shores and bottom alone can
attain. It is being conducted under the direction of Major Raynolds,
of the Corps of Engineers, upon the same scientific principles and
with the same care and accuracy that has been bestowed upon the
coast survey and other national geodetic surveys. During the year
two maps have been preiMred from the field-notes published and
issued to the navigators of the lakes. One gives the west end of
Lake Superior and the other the northeastern part of Lake Michigan.
Three others have been prepared and are now ready for engraving,
giving the Portage River and the Bay of L'Anse, on Lake Sux>eriory
and a third giving the north end of Green Bay.
170 CORRESPONDEKCEy ETC
Two thousand eight hundred and twenty sheets of the maps of the
lake surveys have been issued for commercial, harbor improvement,
and military purposes during the year, making the whole number of
maps called for and issued since these surveys were commenced 27,411
sheets.
Special surveys have also been made during the year, maps issued
and forwarded for the use of the department, of Niagara River, Erie,
Conneaut, Ashtabula, Grand River, Cleveland, Black River, San-
dusky, Saint Joseph's, Grand Ilaven, Chicago, Racine, and Sheboygan.
SURVEYS.
The principal labors of the jwrties engaged in these surveys during
the year are comprised in the measurement of 269^ miles of shore-
line, 164^ square miles of topography, 187 miles of soundings, and
1,200 square miles of offshore hydrography on 1,586 miles of lines of
soundings; the measurement of a base line of 4,173 feet in length;
difference of longitude between several distant points by electric
observations, and observations by flashing lights; also astronomical
observations for the latitude of eight points.
Becommendation, — These survej's are called for by numerous par-
ties and individuals, as well as by commercial men, for private as
well as for public use. It is indispensable that some rules and system
be established to keep the issue of these valuable maps within such
limits as will insure the great objects of the survey, the diffusion of
this information to promote national industry, at the same time to
prevent them faUing into the hands of persons collecting for other
purposes than the public good. I recommend that the department be
therefore authorized to issue these maps, after supplying the wants
of the Government, at the cost of paper and printing, as is now and
for years i)ast has been authorized for distributing the Coast Survey
maps. This will prevent an improper use, and enable all i>ersons
capable of using them to obtain copies.
The estimate for caiTying on the work for the next year is $184,604.42,
which exceeds the amount appropriated for last year's operations
about $60,000. It is proper to say that this increase of estimate does
not contemplate any advance in the wages of assistants, but is simply
due to the increased cost of materials and supplies.
On our Pacific Coast Major Williamson, of the Corps of Engineers,
has explored and reconnoitered parts of Northern California and South-
ern Oregon, giving the topography of its roads, and continues obser-
vations for barometric correction of altitudes, having also in view an
investigation of the formula for determining heights by this instru-
ment. He has traversed and explored the heights of the Nevada
Range in Northern California, said to be 10,000 to 11,000 feet above
the level of the sea, and the military roads between the coast and this
range of mountains to facilitate the military operations of the com-
manding general. During the year he also examined the various
sites on Admiralty Inlet and Puget Sound, that might hereafter
become useful for military purposes, and selected such as should be
reserved from sale by the Land Office.
PRESERVATION AND REPAIR OF ATLANTIC HARBORS AND SEA-WALLS.
An appropriation was made in 1864 for renewing the construction
of the sea-walls in Boston harbor to preserve the headlands from
further destruction by the ocean waves, and, as a consequence, injury
UNION AUTH0BITIS8. 171
to the harbor for commercial use, while at the same time it preserves
important sites that hereafter will be occupied by batteries bearing
on the channel leading to the city of Boston. The following narra-
tives of the operations on these islands are drawn from the report of
Colonel Graham, the superintending engineer. The same officer was
charged with the application of the appropriation of $100,000 for the
preservation and repair of the harbors on the Atlantic. The accom-
panying summary gives his views on this subject in relation to the
Susquehanna River below Havre de Grace, dredging the Patapsco
River, Portland Harbor breakwater, navigation of the Hudson River
helow Troy, and Delaware Breakwater. Colonel Graham recommends
additional appropriations for the Atlantic harbor improvements.*
MILITARY ACADEMY.
During the past year sixty-eight cadets completed their studies and
military exercises at the Academy, and were commissioned as lieuten-
ants in the Army. This is the most numeroiis class that has ever
graduated at the institution since its organization in 1802. For many
years the number of graduates has not sufficed to All the annual
vacancies in the Army.
The number of officers in the several branches of the staff, and of
regiments now comprising the Regular Army, has greatly increased
from time to time, while the number of cadets authorized by law has
remained unaltered since 1843. llie result is that neither the staff
corps, nor regiments of artillery, cavalry, and infantry, can be fur-
nished with the numbers to perfect their comi>any oi^anizations, and
military science and art cannot be disseminated throughout the coun-
try in proportion to the increase of population and national interest!^
to be protected. The total number of cadets now at the Academy is
235, and the total number authorized by existing laws is 293. From
various incidents to which the appointments are subject, this ratio
does not materially alter from year to year.
The average cost of the institution for the last twenty years has
been $160,711.83. The cost during the past academic year was
$201,217. These sums include the pa}' of cadets, officers, and pro-
fessors, and all contingencies.
The annual average appropriation for twenty years is $166,684.63,
and for the present year is $257,505. This excess arises from the
increase of the pay of cadets, and for increase cost of forage for artil-
lery and cavalry horses, &c.
RecommendcUions. — To meet the wants of the military service, and
to diffuse a knowledge of the science and art of war more extensively
throughout our widely extended domain, I recommend at this time an
increase in the total number of cadets of two additional apx)ointments
from each State and Territory and the District of Columbia, thus
making the number of appointments to be authorized under the law
to be one from each Congressional district and Territory and the
District of Columbia, ten from " at large ^ annually by the President's
selection, and two in addition from each State and Territory and the
District of Columbia.
The difficulties that have been exx)erienced for years xiast in train-
ing the minds and bodies of the young gentlemen sent to the Academy
•For portion of this report relating to river and harbor improvements, here
omitted, see Executive Document No. 1. House of Representatives, Thirty-ninth
CoogTess, first session, Vol. II, pp. 921-925, of said document.
172 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
to prepare them for usefulness as members of the military profession
arise mainly from the qualifications of the candidates being so exceed-
ingly limited. While at the present time it may not be expedient to
increase the standard for admission, I do urgently recommend that a
selection from at least five candidates to be nominated for each
apx>ointment may be authorized by law, when every section of the
country would more certainly have its due proportion of graduates,
entering the Army annually. Should this principle be authorized by
law, the examination of the candidates could be ordered in several sec-
tions of the country at convenient military x>ostiS, and thus save a
great annual expense now incurred by partially educating and return-
ing deficient cadets to their distant homes, insure a much greater
proportion of members who could master the course of studies, and
avoid the numerous and frequent discharges from the Academy for
inability to acquire the requisite information and proficiency for a
graduate of this institution.
FINANCES.
Daring the year ending Jnne dO, 1805, the expenditures of the
deputment for fortifications on the Atlantic, Gnlf of Mexico,
Pacific Coast, and on the Northern Lakes, including bridge trains,
intrenching tools, and for all other military purposes, amounted to. $5, 174, 885. 28
For civil works, as lake harbors, harhors on the Atlantic, survey of
the lakes, they amotmted to 218,400.00
And for the Mintary Academy, not including the pay of professors
and cadets 86,685.00
Making a total annual expenditure of 5,479,420.23
The accounts of the disbursing officers of the department have
been regularly forwarded from month to month. These accounts had
accumulated in the department duriag the past four years beyond the
means allotted to the financial branch to examine, correct, and for-
ward to the Treasury Department for final settlement.
During the year l,203monthly accounts, amountingto$ll,834,308.35,
have been thus examined and forwarded to the Auditor for final set-
tlement, and there remain on hand at this time 398 monthly accounts
to be examined, amounting to $4,492,964.85. At the rate of progress
made during the past year in the examination of these accounts the
work in a short time will be brought up to the months in which they
are received from the officers. No defalcation or losses in any way
exist in the disbursements and accountability of the officers of the
department.
At the present time all property purchased for the armies in the
field, either worn or of a perishable character, is being sold, and the
. avails will be returned to the Treasury. The amount of sales to this
date is $34,123.12. The residue of this property is being stored in
engineer depots for further use, at the Jefferson Barracks depot. Mo.,
and at the WiUets Point depot, N. Y., under charge of engineer officers
and troops of the Engineer Battalion.
The property of the department in the hands of its agents is
accounted for quarterly, and the returns examined in this Bureau.
The number of returns examined during the year is 220
And remaining to be examined 43
Making the number of property returns rendered by officers 268
RICHD. DELAFIELD,
Oeneral and Chief of Engineers U. 8. Army.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 173
Narrative collated from the reports of Col, N, Michler.*
>» * « « « 41 «
Upon the explosion of the mine [July 30, 1864] and failure of the
assault the troops engaged were directed on the following day to
resume their previous x>ositions to a great extent, some few changes
being ordered for the purpose of reducing their fronts and establishing
reserves for ulterior movements. The plan of the siege by regular
approaches having been abandoned, Colonel Michler was directed at
the same time to ^^make such a disx>osition of the lines then occupied
by the corps as would enable them to be held by a diminished force,"
and therefore determined to select an interior line, to consist of some
few detached, inclosed works, subsequently to be connected by lines
of infantry x)arapets. The first line selected was one lying on very
commanding ground, and extending from the present Fort Sedgwick
to the Rushmore house, immediately opposite Fort Clifton, one of
the enemy^s works on the Appomattox, at the head of navigation for
lai^e sea-going vessels, passing near the Avery, Friend, Dunn, and
Jordan houses. This being considered too far to the rear of the then
advanced position, and apparently yielding too much ground, for the
possession of which such desperate fighting had taken place, he
finally chose an intermediate one, and sites for Forts Rice, MeUcel,
Morton, Haskell, Stedman, and McGilvery were selected, and the
intervening batteries and lines located. It had also been decided to
enlarge and strengthen the lunette, the site of which is now occupied
by Fort Sedgwick. By direction of Lieutenant-General Grant the
supervision of the line in front of the Eighteenth Corps had also
been placed under his direction. The construction of these different
works was pushed rapidly forward by night, under the immediate
charge of Captains Gillespie and Harwood and Lieutenants Howell,
Benyaurd, and Lydecker, as much so as the sparsity of officers, the
extreme heat of the weather, and the heavy and constant artillery
fire of the enemy would permit.
Several officers of the Corps of Engineers, including Captains Men-
dell, TumbuU, and Farquhiu*, had been ordered away from the army
on other duty, and some of the lieutenants were absent on sick leave.
By the 20th of August the works were so near completion as to be in
readiness for the contemplated movement on the Petersburg and
Weldon Railroad. After the successful advance and holding of that
most imx>ortant thoroughfare he was directed to select positions for
large works on or near that road for the protection of the left flank
of the army, and also to connect them, by a system of redoubts, with
Fort Sedgwick. On the 26th of August, in connection with the dis-
position of troops then made, orders were given him to "proceed at
once to the construction of the redoubts proposed for the left of the
line on the Weldon railroad, and of the works at the Burnt chimney
and the Strong house," now designated Forts Dushane, Wadsworth,
Howard, and Alexander Hays.
The construction of these works and intermediate batteries, con-
nected by infantry parapets, was immediately commenced, under
the more immediate charge of Lieutenants Howell, Benyaurd, and
Lydecker, and was afterward turned over to Captains Folwell and
McDonald, Fiftieth New York Volunteer Engineers. Owing to the
*The portion of this narrative here omitted is covered bj fall reports published
in Series I, Vols. XXXVI and XL. See also Series I, Vols. XLII, XLVI, and LI,
for reports of later operations.
174 CORBESPONDENCE, ETC.
bad condition of the roads daring the late move, the commanding
general directed that a line should be selected for a military railroad
from the depot at City Point to the intersection of the Weldon rail-
road, at or near the Yellow Tavern, for the more certain and rapid
transportation of supplies. The laying of this road was placed in
charge of the construction corps of the chief quartermaster of the
Armies operating against Richmond. The soil contains a great quan-
tity of sand, and at times becomes almost impassable.
By the 7th of September the interior portions of the works last
referred to were well advanced, sufficiently so to be occupied in case
-of an attack by the enemy, and obstructions, consisting of wire
entanglements, abatis, fraises, and slashing generally of the timber
along the entire front, had been prex)ared. Many miles of corduroy
roads and bridges had been built by the Fiftieth New York Volunteer
Engineers for the convenience of and more direct communication
between the different corps of the army. '
During the first few days of September he also selected sites for
different works, and traced a line from the bastion works (Fort
Dushane) on the Weldon railroad to the rear of the camps of the
armies operating against Petersburg, its left resting on the Black-
water Swamp, near Fort Bross. These were designed to guard against
any movement of the enemy on the three large and important thor-
oughfares— ^the Jerusalem plank, the Norfolk stage, and Halifax roads.
The several redoubts then laid out and commenced were subsequently
named Davison, McMahon, Stevenson, Blaisdell, and Kelly.
In his report for the week ending on the 17th of September he
reported that along every portion of the line, from the Appomattox
River, below Petersburg, to the Weldon railroad, and thence back to
the Blackwater Swamp, work was progressing rapidly. The length of
the line at that time was over sixteen miles, and along it had been
constructed, or were in course of construction, nineteen forts and
redoubts and forty-one batteries. In addition to the labor on these
works, including the obstructions m their front, bombproofs, maga-
zines, and drainage in the interior, nearly 2,000 yards of roads and
one-third of the covered ways had been "corduroyed," and 6,700
square feet of substantial bridging built. The old intrenched lines
were also being leveled. These labors were continued during the
following week, the officers and men of the regular battalion of engi-
neers and of the Fiftieth New York Volunteer Fngineers having the
construction of them. At the same time his attention, under instruc-
tions from the commanding general, was directed to the examination
of the country in I'eference to a defensive line from Blackwater
Swamp, near Prince George Court-IIouse, north toward Old Court-
House, on Bailey\s Creek, the latter a deep, impassable stream,
emptying within a few miles of that point into the James River.
This line, in connection with that already in course of construction,
completed the chain of works from the Appomattox, below Petersburg,
to the Weldon railroad, and thence back to the James River, adding
nine miles to its length, making twenty-five miles in all, the flanks
resting on the two rivers, and with them entirely encircling the Army
of the Potomac. (See plan No. 12.*)
The sites of five works were traced, and work commenced iipon three
of them. At the same time he was directed to confer with Lieutenant-
Colonel Benham, Corps of Engineers (brigadier-general of volunteers),
in command of the immediate defenses of City Point, in regard to a
* Plate C, map 2, of the Atlas.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 175
short line extending from the Court-House, on Bailey's Creek, north
toward the Appomattox, to cover and protect against any sudden
attack of cavalry the depot at that point.
On the 2l8t a circular from headquarters Army of the Potomac
directed that *Hhe armaments and garrisons designated for the forts
be regarded as i>ermanent, to be moved only when specially directed."
By the 26th the military railroad was completed, opened for travel,
and placed in charge of the provost-marshal-general of the army.
On the 28th, in company with the chief of artillery, he made a gen-
eral inspection of the whole line and found the work progressing
most satisfactorily. During the evening of the same day orders were
issued for certain dispositions and arrangements of the troops to be
made, and that the whole army should be in readiness to move before
daylight on the following morning. The corps commanders were
directed to "hold in view the contingencj'' of the withdrawal of their
troops from the rifle-pits connecting the inclosed works, leaving the
line from the Appomattox to Fort Davison to be held by the redoubts
and inclosed batteries, and the further contingency of withdrawing
entirely from the intrenchments."
In consequence of this projected movement, instructions were
immediately given to the officers of engineers to suspend aU oper-
ations on the different field-works in course of construction, and to
hold their commands and the pontoon trains in readiness to obey
further instructions.
The active operations of the army were successfully advanced some
few miles to the left or west of the Weldon railroad during the 29th
and 30th of September and 1st and 2d of October, causing a corre-
sponding extension of the lines. On the morning of the latter, after
the repulse of the enemy in his final attack, it having been determined
to hold on to the i)osition, he was ordered to select a new line to con-
nect the advanced point near the Pegram house with Fort Wadsworth,
and locate the necessary intermediate works. The tracing, profiling,
and construction of them was immediately commenced.
Before daylight on the morning of the 4th, by direction of the com-
manding general, he made a reconnaissance for the purpose of selecting
a line to be refused from the left flank toward the rear, and to be
connected with Fort Dushane. The sites of several new redoubts
were established, the connecting lines traced, and with large details
their construction immediately commenced.
By this extension to the west of the Weldon railroad eleven addi-
tional inclosed works — Keene, Urmston, Conahey, Fisher, Welch,
Gregg, Cummings, Sampson, Emery, Siebert, and Clarke — and several
batteries were linked with the already formidable cordon that sur-
rounded the army. The length of this portion of the line is nearly
seven miles, making a continuous stretch of twenty-three miles of
earth- work from the right, on the Appomattox, to the left, on the Black-
water Swamp. Adding to this the section from the latter to the James
River, the line measures more than thirty-two miles, comprising
thirty-six forts and fifty batteries. In addition to these, there were
eight other inclosed works along the inner line of the defense of City
Point.
The incredibly short time in which those to the west of the Jeru-
salem plank road were built surprised the officers of our own army.
The sites of the works were only selected on the 2d and 4th of the
month; still, the weekly rex>ort of the 8th states that they were already
nearly completed.
176 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
To the officers of the Corps of Engineers then present, under his
orders — ^Harwood, Gillespie, Howell, Benyaurd, Lydecker, and Phil-
lips— ^and to those of the Fiftieth New York Volunteer Engineers,
under the immediate command of Lieut. CoL I. Spauldins, and to
the men of their respective detachments, must be given the credit
for the immense amount of work accomplished.
The works were well constructed and finished, and the infantry
parapets are as strong as they could be made to answer a useful pur-
pose. The artificial strength of the line was to a great extent increased
by the naturally strong position chosen to resist any attack or assault
by the enemy.
On the 4th of the same month, notwithstanding the few officers of
the corps that remained on duty, he was compelled to send Lieutenant
Phillips to report to General Benham to assist in constructing the
line in front of City Point; the latter was about three miles in length,
comprising eight small redoubts.
On the 12th the commanding general directed Colonel Michler to
make an examination of that part of the line extending between
Forts Hays and Fisher, to ascertain whether said line could be
shortened, and to furnish a written report for Lieutenant-General
Grant's information. As no particular advantage could be gained
and a considerable amount of work would be required, he rexx>rted
unfavorably.
The weekly report dated October 22 informs the General-in-Chief
"that the whole line occupied by the Army of the Potomac was
entirely constructed and in a defensible condition. Some minor
details still required attention. Additional obstacles, palisades, and
fraises in connection with the abatis and wire entanglements had
been rapidly pushed forward every night to strengthen it." In con-
sequence of reports that the enemy were driving galleries at dif-
ferent x>oints to undermine several works, he directed shafts to be
sunk within them and listening galleries to be run out as precaution-
ary measures, although no indications were found to exist after a
most careful personal examination.
On the 16th, accompanied by Captain Gillespie and Lieutenant
Benyaurd, he examined critically the ground between Fort McGilvery
and a point opposite Fort Clifton, to ascertain the strength of the
enemy's position, and whether any new works were in course of con-
struction, as well as to decide upon the possibility of forcing a
passage of the river and severing his communication by rail with
Richmond.
On the 20th, by direction of the commanding general, he visited
City Point in company with the medical director of the army for the
purpose of selecting the ground for a general field hospital. An
advantageous place was found on the bluff overlooking the James,
between the railroad and Bailey's Creek. Besides the convenience of
locality, it possessed the advantage of retirement and security, as
well as that of health. Fine springs burst forth here and there from
the banks sufficient to supply every want.
The names of the different works of the line to the west of the
Weldon railroad and of that in front of City Point were selected
from among those of the many distinguished officers who were killed
in action during the recent eampaifims, nobly fighting their country's
battles, and so given in plan N
•Plate -^
UNION AUTHOEITIBS. 177
On the morning of the 24th of October two new redoubts were
ordered to be thrown np at points he had previously selected, the one
between the Norfolk road and the Aveiy house, the other near the
Friend house, from both of which positions command was had over
the main line of works. These were sufficiently far advanced for the
movement ordered to commence on the afternoon of the 26th. The
latter, in which the greater part of the army participated, continued
through the 27th and 28th, extending west across Hatcher's Run,
and reaching along and south of it as far as the Boydton plank road
where the latter crosses the stream at Burgess' Mill.
During the afternoon of the last day the different commands
returned to their old camps. The engineer troops were then engaged
along the entire line, in repairing damages, adding obstructions,
driving galleries, and in every conceivable way rendering the line as
strong as possible.
On the 7th of November he was directed by the major-general com-
manding the Army of the Potomac **to furnish General Benham,
commanding defenses of City Point, with the project of the line of
intrenchments from Prince George Court-House to Old Court-House,
and also to indicate what was necessary to be done to connect the
right of that line with the rear intrenchments resting on the Black-
water."
In consequence of a contemplated movement he had been com-
pelled to susi>end work ux>on that section of the defensive line, and
its construction was subsequently turned over to the above-named
officer.
By the 12th of the same month, the lines being completed, both as
regards their external and internal arrangements, the foUowi^ig
extract from Si)ecial Orders, No. 306, headquarters Army of the
Potomac, of the same date, was issued for the information of all
concerned:
The attention of corps commanders is called to the necessity of preserving, in
good order, the intrenchments front and rear, with the abatis, slashings, and
other defenses.
• • • • * • •
The chief engineer officer will inspect the lines, both front and rear, from time
to time, and report to these headquarters any f aUure to keep the same in good
order, or any destmction of the defenses.
From this time forward the engineer troops were principally occu-
pied during the winter in attending to the needed repairs of the forts
and batteries, in keeping in order the several corduroy roads, in over-
hauling and placing in good condition the pontoon trains, in con-
structing huts for winter quarters, and in building stabling for the
large number of animals required for the transportation of the tool
and bridge trains.
The temporary quiet of the army was again interrupted for several
days. On the 6th of December, by direction of the commanding gen-
eral, an engineer officer, with a battalion of engineer troops and 150
feet of canvas bridging, was directed to accompany the Fifth Corps
during the movement of the latter south along the Weldon railroad,
and subsequently all, both regular and volunteer, were called upon
to be under arms to take part in the same operation. Orders were
issued at the same time that all cami)s located, as well as huts, corrals,
or other structures erected in the vicinity of the lines of defense,
either in fi<ont or rear, which, in the judgment of the engineer, inter-
fered with the proper defense of the works, should be immediately
12 B B — SERIES UI, VOL V
176 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
To the officers of the Corps of Engineers then present, under his
orders — ^Harwood, Gillespie, Howell, Benyaurd, Lydecker, and Phil-
lips— and to those of the Fiftieth New York Volunteer Engineers,
nnder the immediate command of Lieut. CoL I. Spauldine, and to
the men of their respective detachments, must be given tiie credit
for the immense amount of work accomplished.
The works were well constructed and finished, and the infantry
parapets are as strong as they could be made to answer a useful pur-
pose. The artificial strength of the line was to a great extent increased
by the naturally strong position chosen to resist any attack or assault
by the enemy.
On the 4th of the same month, notwithstanding the few officers of
the corps that remained on duty, he was compelled to send Lieutenant
Phillips to report to General Benham to assist in constructing the
line in front of City Point; the latt^er was about three miles in length,
comprising eight small redoubts.
On the 12th the commanding general directed Colonel Michler to
make an examination of that part of the line extending between
Forts Hays and Fisher, to ascertain whether said line could be
shortened, and to furnish a written report for Lieutenant-General
Grant's information. As no particular advantage could be gained
and a considerable amount of work would be required, he reported
unfavorably.
The weekly report dated October 22 informs the General-in-Chief
"that the whole line occupied by the Army of the Potomac was
entirely constructed and in a defensible condition. Some minor
details still required attention. Additional obstacles, palisades, and
fraises in connection with the abatis and wire entanglements had
been rapidly pushed forward every night to strengthen it." In con-
sequence of reports that the enemy were driving galleries at dif-
ferent points to undermine several works, he directed shafts to be
sunk within them and listening galleries to be run out as precaution-
ary measures, although no indications were found to exist after a
most careful personal examination.
On the 16th, accompanied by Captain Gillespie and Lieutenant
Benyaurd, he examined critically the ground between Fort McGilvery
and a point opposite Fort Clifton, to ascertain the strength of the
enemy's position, and whether any new works were in course of con-
struction, as well as to decide upon the possibility of forcing a
passage of the river and severing his communication by rail with
Richmond.
On the 20th, by direction of the commanding general, he visited
City Point in company with the medical director of the army for the
purpose of selecting the ground for a general field hospital. An
advantageous place was found on the bluff overlooking the James,
between the railroad and Bailey's Creek. Besides the convenience of
locality, it possessed the advantage of retirement and security, as
well as that of health. Fine springs burst forth here and there from
the banks sufficient to supply every want.
The names of the different works of the line to the west of the
Weldon railroad and of that in front of City Point were selected
from among those of the many distinguished officers who were killed
in action during the recent campaigns, nobly fighting their country's
battles, and so given in plan No. 12.*
♦Plate C, map 2, of the Atlas,
UNION AUTHOEITIES. 177
On the morning of the 24th of October two new redoubts were
oideied to be thrown up at points he had previously selected, the one
between the Norfolk road and the Avery house, the other near the
Friend house, from both of which positions command was had over
the main line of works. These were sufficiently far advanced for the
movement ordered to commence on the afternoon of the 26th. The
latter, in which the greater part of the army participated, continued
through the 27th and 28th, extending west across Hatcher's Run,
and reaching along and south of it as far as the Boydton plank road
where the latter crosses the stream at Burgess' Mill.
During the afternoon of the last day the different commands
returned to their old camps. The engineer troops were then engaged
along the entire line, in repairing damages, adding obstructions,
driving galleries, and in every conceivable way rendering the line as
strong as possible.
On the 7th of November he was directed by the major-general com-
manding the Army of the Potomac **to furnish General Benham,
commanding defenses of City Point, with the project of the line of
intrenchments from Prince George Court-House to Old Court-House,
and also to indicate what was necessary to be done to connect the
right of that line with the rear intrenchments resting on the Black-
water.'*
In consequence of a contemplated movement he had been com-
pelled to suRx>end work upon that section of the defensive line, and
iU construction was subsequently turned over to the above-named
officer.
By the 12th of the same month, the lines being completed, both as
regards their external and internal arrangements, the followipg
extract from Special Orders, No. 306, headquarters Army of the
Potomac, of the same date, was issued for the information of all
concerned:
The attention of corps commanders is called to the necessity of preserving, in
good order, the intrenchments front and rear, with the abatis, slashings, and
other defenses.
* « • • * • •
The chief engineer officer will inspect the lines, both front and rear, from time
to time, and report to these headqnarters any failnre to keep the same in good
order, or any destruction of the defenses.
From this time forward the engineer troops were principally occu-
pied during the winter in attending to the needed repairs of the forts
and batteries, in keeping in order the several corduroy roads, in over-
hauling and placing in good condition the pontoon trains, in con-
stracting huts for winter quarters, and in building stabling for the
large number of animals required for the transportation of the tool
and bridge trains.
The temporary quiet of the army was again interrupted for several
days. On the 6th of December, by direction of the commanding gen-
eral, an engineer officer, with a battalion of engineer troops and 150
feet of canvas bridging, was directed to accompany the Fifth Corps
daring the movement of the latter south along the Weldon railroad,
and subsequently all, both regular and volunteer, were called upon
to be under arms to take part in the same operation. Orders were
issued at the same time that all cami)s located, as well as huts, corrals,
or other structures erected in the vicinity of the lines of defense,
either in front or rear, which, in the judgment of the engineer, inter-
fered with the proper defense of the works, should be immediately
12 B B— SERIES ni, VOL V
178 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
removed. Preparations were also made to move, if necessary, all
surplus property and the sick in hospitals to within the lines of City
Point. Arrangements in regard to the further disposition of troops
were directed in the event of a general move; those not previously
designated for holding the intrenched lines to be formed into a mov*
able column, under the immediate orders of the commanding officer of
the Second Corps. All work not necessary for the defense of the
position held by the army was suspended. The movement had
scarcely commenced when, in consequence of severe storms of rain,
accompanied with sleet, the army was finally compelled to return to
its old position, some considerable damage having been effected
along the line of the railroad.
Comparative quiet again reigned throughout the army, with the
exception of the attempt of the enemy's iron-clads to come down the
James River on the 24th of January, 1865, until the 4th of February,
when a movement of the cavalry was ordered for the following day, to
be supported by the Fifth and Second Corps. The cavalry success-
fully captured a small train of the enemy on the Boydton plank road
and entered Dinwiddie Court-House. In consequence of the destruc-
tion of a bridge over Hatcher's Run, the Fifth Corps was detained for
several hours in crossing, and the former, not being supported, fell
back. A severe attack was made upon the Second Corps, but was
repulsed, and little more was effected on that day. On the following
morning (6th) the Fifth Corps was ordered to pass the stream at the
crossing on the Yaughan road and take up position to the left of the
Second, the cavalry protecting its flank.
Some severe fighting took place during the day. Early on the same
morning he had been sent to select a line between Fort Sampson and
Armstrong's Mill, and choose sites for works to hold and command
the crossing at the latter place and the one on the Yaughan road. On
the 7th orders were issued to intrench the line, but on the following
day were so modified as to cause the line to be run direct from Fort
Sampson to the Yaughan road crossing. The length of this addition
to the intrenched line is nearly four miles, making the front line from
the Appomattox to Hatcher's Run fifteen miles of continuous earth-
works. Heavy storms of rain and sleet again disturb^ this movement.
With the exception of the attack on Fort Stedman on the 25th of
March, and its temporary occupancy by the enemy, no event of
importance occurred until the inauguration of the campaign on the
28th of the same month. The distance from Battery No. 10, adjoin-
ing Fort Stedman, to the point of the enemy's line (Colquitt's salient),
immediately opposite, is only 613 feet between the main works, the
shortest distance between the two at any point, excepting at Elliott's
salient (the locality of the mine). The picket-lines of the two armies
were only 435 feet apart, those of the enemy only a few feet in front
of his main works. One of the advanced Union pickets was only
separated 205 feet from his opposite neighbor, a narrow boyau leading
to his pit from the main line. Without the exercise of the most
untiring vigilance on the part of the picket and the garrison, any
sudden dash at the first early dawn of the morning might prove
momentarily successful; but a x>osition so well fianked by adjacent
batteries, and commanded by others in its rear, proved so untenable
as to cause the enemy to be most severely punished for his temerity,
and to compel him to relinquish the object of an attack for which no
reasonable explanation can be made.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 179
Before proceeding further lie calls attention to the topographical
department of the Army of the Potomac.
Owing to the limited degree of information which conld be obtained,
either from published maps or inquiries made of the inhabitants —
the latter generally being averse and in most cases unable from igno-
rance to impart it, even in relation to the particular localities in which
they lived — his assistants had a laborious although an interesting
duty. They have not only been constantly engaged in following up
every movement, and in most cases acting as guides to the different
columns of troops, thereby obtaining a most reliable knowledge of
the country by actual exi>erienoe, but have been compelled to antici-
pate the geographical wants of a large army ever in motion by con-
stant and careful researches.
In order to be able to furnish the necessary data upon which to base
the different military combinations, and thereby being made respon-
sible to a great extent for the information upon which the command-
ing general was able to hypothecate a reasonable degree of success in
the execution of his plans, the department had necessarily to be
ever active and always exact.
The Engineer Bureau has been furnished from time to time with the
many maps supplied the officers of armies operating against Rich-
mond and Petersburg, including those of the campaigns from the
Rapidan to the Appomattox; that of the carefully surveyed plan of
the lines occupied during the siege of Petersburg; the several sheets
representing the country adjacent to the latter city, and also about
Richmond, comprising the several lines of the enemy for the defense
of the capital; and also copies of those prepared in anticipation, and
upon which were based the movements which terminated so success-
fully and gloriously the last grand campaign of April, 1865.
On the 27th of 5larch certain movements of the several corps of
the Army of the Potomac were ordered to commence at an early hour
of the 29th. On the 28th the instructions of the previous day were
somewhat modified, but at the appointed time the several columns
were in motion.
A pontoon train accompanied the Fifth Corps to enable it to cross
Hatcher's Run, and subsequently remained there for the passage of
the general trains. The Second Corps, which had been replaced by a
portion of the Twenty-fourth along the intrenched line heretofore
occupied by it, crossed by the bridge on the Yaughan road. The
cavalry passed over by a bridge still farther down, at Malone's Cross-
ing, and moved toward Dinwiddle Court-House.
In gaining their position but little opposition was encountered; one
division of the Fifth had a spirited engagement on the Quaker road,
and handsomely repulsed the enemy.
On the 30th the Second and Fifth Corps advanced their lines to
beyond the junction of the Quaker and Boydton plank roads, driving
the enemy into his main works; the two lines were within easy artil-
lery range; the right of the Second now rested on Hatcher's Run,
near the Crow house. A division of the Twenty-fourth Corps crossed
the run and connected the right of the Second with the tdte-de-pont
on the Yaughan road; both lines were intrenched.
During the night previous and throughout the whole of this day the
rain poured down in torrents. The roads had become impassable for
wagons and artillery, and the engineer troops were engaged in cordu-
roying them and in rebuilding bridges over Hatcher's and Gravelly
Runs.
180 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
The wagon train stock fast in the mud. The cavalry had to be
sent back by divisions to the terminus of the military railroad to
replenish their supplies of rations, the wagons not being able to come
up to them.
During the night of the 30th the Second Corps extended its front to
the left along the Boydton plank road, resting its flank on Gravelly
Run. On the morning of the following day an unsuccessful effort
was made by the Fifth Corps to drive the enemy from the White Oak
road; subsequently, upon being re-enforced, the attack was renewed
and possession gained of that road.
Toward evening the cavalry had repulsed and held in check, in front
of Dinwiddle Court-House, a superior force of the enemy. During
the night of that day, the 31st, the Fifth Corps was sent to the assist-
ance of the cavalry. From the commencement of the movement he
had accompanied the commanding general over different parts of the
field, in readiness to execute such instructions as might be given, and
on the 1st of April, by his direction, rode along and inspected the
lines from Hatcher's Run toward the west. The evening of that day
witnessed a most brilliant engagement on the left, in which both the
cavalry and the Fifth Corps participated, the enemy along that imme-
diate front having been completely routed.
This glorious news was communicated throughout the army, and
orders were issued that a simultaneous attack should be made at dif-
ferent points along the entire length of the intrenched line at 4 o'clock
on the following morning. The grand assault of the 2d of April was
made, and the exterior line of the enemy's works x>enetrated and pos-
session gained of the larger portion of them.
The enemy having been pierced at his center and divided, one
portion was driven within an interior line of works immediately
encircling the city, and the other moved off from the White Oak
along the Claiborne road, rapidly pursued by a division of the Second
Corps. The line of the army extended at noon of that day from the
Appomattox, above Petersburg, to the Appomattox below, the two
flanks resting on the river.
Colonel Michler was at that time ordered to rectify this line if neces-
sary, and later in the day to select a site for a pontoon bridge across
the river, and positions for batteries to command the crossing and
protect passage of the army in the event of the retreat of the enemy.
Early on the morning of the 3d it was ascertained that the enemy
had evacuated the city of Petersburg, and orders of march were imme-
diately issued to the different corps to follow in pursuit. The roads
were found in wretched condition, and a great deal of corduroying
and bridging had to be done. About noon on the 5th he was ordered
to proceed in advance of the Second and Sixth Corps to report to
General Sheridan, who had arrived with the cavalry and Fifth Corps
at Jetersville on the previous evening, to consult with him in regard
to the position to be taken by the army in anticipation of an exx)ected
attack by the enemy, it being reported that his whole force was con-
centrating at Amelia Court-House. His line of retreat toward Dan-
ville had been cut off, and it was presumed he would venture a heavy
battle to regain it. In company with the general he rode over the
line, and by the direction of the general the troops were posted as
they arrived. A part of the line of battle had been previously
intrenched, and work was commenced on other portions; the antici-
pated fight, however, did not take place.
On the following day (6th) the Army of the Potomac was put in
motion in three parallel columns toward Amelia Court-House to
UNION AUTHORITIES. 181
attack the enemy, but the cavalry having early ascertained that he
was endeavoring to escape by Deatonsvillo toward Farinville, the
direction of the line of march was immediately changed; the Second
moved directly on the former place and in a short time came upon and
commenced a brisk skirmish with the retreating force and continued
to drive him until night closed the operation; the Fifth Corps was
shifted to the right flank and took the road to Paineville.
Colonel Michler was directed to report the change of movement and
explain its object. to the commanding officer of the Sixth Corps. His
column was countermarched and thrown from the right to the left
flank. After retracing its steps through Jetersville and passing some
two miles beyond the village, it left the main turnpike and followed
a road which he had found leading toward the northwest, and by
which the troops moving along it were absolutely certain of striking
the flank of the retreating army. The entire cavalry force was oi>er-
ating on the -same flank.
By night the battle of Sailor's Creek was fought, which will long be
rememl^red as one of the most brilliant and successful affairs of the
war. It was, in fact, the last de8i>erate engagement between these
two armies.
On the 7th of April the pursuit was continued. The enemy having
succeeded in crossing the Appomattox at Farmville and High Bridge,
he succeeded in destroying all the bridges at the former place, but
failed in his efforts to damage the common road bridge at the latter
crossing; three spans of the railroad bridge (Richmond and Danville
road) were burnt; this structure is 2,400 feet long and 125 feet high.
The enemy made some slight resistance at both these places and also
on the Lynchburg plank road at a point about four miles beyond
Farmville.
The naturally very strong position at High Bridge was rendered
additionally so by several redoubts which had been built there some-
time previous for the protection of the bridge against cavalry raids.
On the 8th the Second and Sixth Corps followed along the Stage road
to Lynchburg, whilst the Fifth, Twenty-fourth, and Cavalry Corps
pursued the one by Hampden Sidney College and Prosx>ect Stations
toward Appomattox Court-House.
During the day he returned to Farmville to hasten the construction
of some additional pontoon bridges and rejoined the major-general
commanding on the main road. On the previous evening Lieutenant-
General Grant had demanded the surrender of General Lee to avoid
the further effusion of blood. No skirmishing had taken place during
the day, although the one army was close on the rear of the other.
About noon on the 9th, in consequence of the negotiations in regard
to the surrender which were pending and exchanged under flags of
truce between the generals commanding the respective armies, the
advance of the Army of the Potomac, still engaged in pursuit, when
within three miles of Appomattox Court-House was ordered to halt
and await the issue of the proceedings. The other column had, by
rapid marching, succeeded in passing around and confronting the
head of that of the enemy at the latter place.
The few hours of anxious suspense were happily compensated by
the glorious tidings which were soon proclaimed throughout the army
announcing "the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia."
On the following day the army commenced a retrograde movement
toward Burke's Station, where it remained in camp until ordered to
take up its final march toward Washington, D. C.
182 COBBESPONDENCE, ETC.
On the 14th of April Colonel Michler was detached from the staff of
the commanding general of the Army of the Potomac, and directed,
in conformity with instructions from Lieutenant-General Grant, to
proceed to Petersburg, in order to examine and direct military sur-
veys of the respective intrenched positions held by the two opposing
armies during the siege and prepare plans of the same, combined with
a detailed and accurate topographical map of the adjacent country;
also to assume charge of the surveys of the different battle-fields and
lines of operations from the James River to Appomattox Court-Hoose.
By the 30th of June, the termination of the fiscal year for which
this report is called, the field-work had been far advanced, but in
consequence of the necessity of continuing during favorable weather
the survey of the several hundred square miles through which it
extends, little or no office duty was accomplished — only sufficient
drawing to answer necessary purposes at the time; and consequently
the maps at that time were not sufficiently far advanced, and could
not exhibit the large amount and the nature of the work accomplished.
Narrative collated from reports of Major MendeU,
PONTOON TBAINS.
The companies of the U. S. Engineer Battalion with the Army of the
Potomac were under the immediate command of Major MendeU, of
the Corps of Engineers, with Captain Tumbull, Lieutenants Macken-
zie, Benyaurd, Howell, Cuyler, and Heap, whose services, with the
men under their command, are given in Major Michler*s reports.
The pontoon trains for service in the field, and to accomi>any the
several army corps, were under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel
Spaulding, of the Fiftieth New York Volunteers. The services ren-
dered by this branch of the Engineer Department were indispensable
to the success of the army. Without these transportable bridges
the armies could not have moved through a country intersected with
numerous rivers, wide and deep, and oftentimes with rapid currents,
as well as ebb and fiood tides. The material of this branch of our
service is modeled from the French wooden trains and the Russian
canvas trains. These trains, particularly that with light canvas boats,
have, during this war, for the first time been proved advantageous and
efficient and adapted to our country. They have been very generally
used by the armies in the West and South, as well as the armies in the
East. The officers having charge of these trains and their construc-
tion have devised and adopted many useful modifications in the
details. Lieutenant-Colonel Spaulding has added much to these
modified improvements. The accompanying tabular statement from
his report will exemplify the use and value of this indispensable
branch of the engineer service.*
From the above statement it appears that the total number of pon-
toon bridges built was thirty-eight, and their aggregate length 6,458
feet.
During the whole time covered by this report he believes the pon-
toon trains have been promptly on time when ordered, the bridges
rapidly and skillfully built, and all other engineering operations of
the command faithfully performed.
*See Series I, Vol. XXXVI, Part I, p. 816.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 183
Whatever credit may be awarded to this is mainly dae to the energy
and skill of the officers in immediate charge of the several works, and
to the zealous and faithful co-operation of the men under their com-
mand.
Narrative from the report of LietU. P. 8. Michie, Corps of EnaineerSj
brevet brigadier-general of volunteers^ to General Delafieldy Chief
Engineer U. S. Army, dated October 10, 1865.
(See plans 11 and 12.*) The Army of the James, consisting of the
Tenth and Eighteenth Army Corps (and subsequently of the Twenty-
foart.h and Twenty-fifth), commanded by Maj. Gen. B. F. Butler,
oocapied a defensive position across the peninsula of Bermuda Hun-
dred on a line 6,058 yards long, its right resting on the James River
about one mile below the Hewlett house, and its left on the Appo-
mattox River, on the high ground across the creek, from and on the
high ground overlooking Port Walthall.
This defensive line, from its position, was unusually strong. With
its flanks resting on and protected by two rivers, and its front of
attack being diminished to about one-fourth of its length, because of
impassable ravines, it was capable of being held by a much inferior
force than the enemy were required to keep in its front. But it had
also its disadvantages; for the enemy intrenched on a line approach-
ing not nearer than 800 yards, with flanks as secure as ours, and a
front made unassailable by means of all the obstacles known to field
defense, and thus effectually closed to our forces there every avenue
to do damage to the railroad and turnpike, which were the lines
of communication to the wings of the rebel army and the avenues
to their capital. The position of the two lines is given below in the
sketch.
In addition to the line above described there was a strong work
thrown up on Spring Hill, on the south side of the Appomattox River,
just opposite Point of Rocks, and also strong works at Wilson's Wharf
and Fort Powhatan, on the James River, all of which were con-
structed and garrisoned by detachments from this army.
These latter commanded the channel of the river at very important
points, and on their occupation depended the uninterrupted supply of
the '^Armies operating against Richmond."
Brig. Gen. Godfrey Weitzel, U. S. Volunteers, captain U. S. Engi-
neers, was the senior engineer of this army until October, 1864, but in
consequence of his illness, in August, the duties of his office devolved
upon General Michie.
Jidy. — ^No engineering operations of any importance were carried
on during this month. Attention was principally directed to
strengthening the lines already laid out, in building water batteries
for 100-pounder guns for the defense of Trent's Reach, and in general
repairs to the line. During this month there was constant picket
firing all along the front, constant surprises on the part of both forces
of the picket-lines, and attempts to gain ground toward each other.
A signal tower 120 feet high was built at Point of Rocks, from the
top of which could be seen the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad
and turnpike. This gave us the means of obtaining a great deal of
information, and must have impressed the enemy with this idea, for
they established a casemated battery of three Whitworth rifled field
* Plate C, Maps 1 and 2, of the Atlas.
184
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
gans for the special purpose of firing at this tower. But one shot of
all fired at it struck it, and that only splintered one of the posts with-
out damaging the tower itself.
August. — On the 3d of August a pontoon bridge 560 feet long was
built on the Appomattox River at Broadway Landing for the passage
of the Second Army Corps.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 185
A second signal tower 126 feet high, and capable of being made 40
feet higher, was built on the right flank of the line, on the high bluff
known as "Crow's Nest," James River, opposite Aiken's. From the
top of this could be seen the Richmond and Petersburg turnpike and
the cross-roads connecting the main roads which ran to Richmond on
the north side of the James River. A lookout constantly stationed
here gave information of the enemy's movements.
Major-Greneral Butler having conceived the idea of cutting a canal
across the peninsula known as Dutch Gap, to pass iron-clads and
other war vessels through to avoid Trent's Reach and the Hewlett
Battery, and the idea receiving the warm support of the then com-
mander of the navy in the river, a survey of the locality was made by
his direction.
From the sketch given below it will be seen that the river widens
from 400 feet at the Hewlett house to 2,700 at Trent's Reach. As a
consequence, at the latter place the channel becomes narrower and
shallower, and at ordinary high water vessels drawing twelve feet
ten inches of water can x>ass under favorable circumstances, but the
channel was effectually blocked by the powerful battery (Dantzler) at
the Howlett house, which had a plunging Are upon the whole channel
from Trent's Reach up to within a few hundred yards of the Howlett
house. This battery had also embrasures cut to look up the river, to
give a fire in rear in case any vessel was successful in passing the
heavy fire of its front.
The survey of Dutch Gap showed a center section line 522 feet long,
from a point in the channel on the south to a point in the channel on
the north, 15 feet deep. The highest point on this center line was
38.5 feet above high- water mark, and the lowest 4 feet, which was at
the south mouth. On a line 60 feet from this center line, on either
side, the ground rose to 42.8 feet at the north mouth, and to 11.4 feet
on the south. The difference of water level was 10.1 inches, taken at
extreme low tide, thus showing the natural fall of the river between
these points to be 2.13 inches to the mile. To all appearances the
soil offered no insuperable difficulties for excavation, although it was
rumored that the James River granite, which outcropped a mile
above the lower mouth and a mile and a half below, would be met
with beneath the upper strata and cause a complete failure.
The strata met with were as follows, viz: Yellow Virginia brick clay
for twelve feet; layer of coarse sand and gravel, two to four feet; half
an inch to two inches bog-iron ore; layer of pebbles and large gravel,
two feet; then hard blue clay, or hardpan, containing a large quan-
tity of sulphuret of iron or iron pyrites. This latter stratum was
never exhausted, and the bottom and sides of the canal were chiseled
out of this, presenting as smooth and compact a surface as if built
with masonrj'. In round numbers, there were about 48,000 cubic
yards to be excavated — ^the canal to be sixty feet wide at high water,
forty feet wide at bottom, and fifteen feet deep.
It is a question whether this project — one of the simplest in civil
engineering — ^would have been of any advantage other than to bring
our navy a few miles farther up the river; for after it was commenced
it was well known that other and nearly as powerful batteries lined
both banks of the James River, commanding almost impassable
obstacles, and ready to do their share in disputing the passage to the
rebel capital. And besides, it was an ascertained fact that the river
was filled with torpedoes of the most delicate construction, most pain-
ful evidence of which we had in the destruction of three of our vessels
186
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
in reaching the position then occupied. If any advantage could have
accrued to us from this canal in a military point of view, it would be
a maximum only by keeping it a profound secret.
The excavation being ordered to proceed, ground was broken on
the 9th of August, and immediately thereafter the enemy began the
constant annoyance with their rifle and morta-r batteries, which ended
UNION AUTHORITIES. 187
only with the suspension of labor on the canal, January 1, 1865.
There were thrown in the vicinity of the working parties over 20,000
shells during the whole period of the work. The canal was excavated
mainly by soldiers and partly by dredges. The latter were old and
almost worn out, and were worked by civilians, who did not come up
to their promises, being driven off and frightened by the enemy's
shells. Not more than 6,000 to 7,000 cubic yards were removed by
the dredges, which were pi*omised to remove 400 cubic yards every
ten hours. They worked from the south mouth 200 feet up into the
canal, where an embankment separated the part on which the soldiers
were working from the lower half.
The whole canal, except an embankment at the north mouth to
protect against direct firing, was excavated to the required dimensions.
The soil was ver^' favorable below high-water mark. It was the * ' hard-
pan" of miners — ^a hard, stiff, blue clay, perfectly impervious to and
insoluble in water. Whatever leakage took place through the strata
of sand and gravel was removed by a steam pump.
About the middle of December the mines which had been made in
the embankment were nearly completed. This embankment was
much larger than was intended to be blown out with powder, for it
had been General Michie's endeavor to reduce it far below what would
have been almost certain to be removed, but during his absence the
water had been let into the excavated part and up to the embankment
without orders. It would have required a greater amount of labor
and length of time to remove it than we were warranted to use at this
period.
It remained then only to do the best to blow out the mass between
the water in the river and that in the canal; and the problem became
to use an amount of powder large enough to remove the embankment
and disturb its foundation so that it would be easy to remove after-
ward and, at the same time, not so much as to disturb and cave
down the walls of the canal in the vicinity. Twelve thousand pounds
of powder were divided among five mines — one of 4,000 and four of
2,000 each — distributed as follows : Three mines were placed at a depth
of fifteen feet below high water, one of 4,000 being on the center .line
of the canal and thirty-five feet from the face of the embankment,
and two of 2,000 each were placed on the same level ten feet on each
side of the center line and twenty-five feet from the face. Two remain-
ing were at a depth of twenty-five feet below high-water mark, or ten
feet lower than the three first, and twenty feet farther out than the
central mine toward the channel on the north side.
Toward the time of charging and tamping the mines the water
leaked in very rapidly and the pumps were kept going night and day.
The powder in the four smaller mines was in tin cans holding 126
pounds each. In the larger mine the powder was in four large rubber
bags holding 800 pounds, all opening into a water-tight box which con-
tained 800 pounds, and in the center of which was the point of fusion
of this mine.
The method of exploding the mines was by means of the Gomez fuse,
a quick-burning composition said to be instantaneous for distances
under 100 feet. This method proved defective, and the results showed
conclusively that all of the powder did not bum, and will not when
ignited in the center of large mines. The effect would, in General
Hichie's opinion, have been several times greater if centers of fusion
could have been made for every hundred pounds of powder, which can
be done now with an electric apparatus.
188 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
In the method used, iu the center of each charge was placed the end
of a length of Gomez fuse, cut at different points to allow the flame
to ignite the powder in several places. This fuse was then grafted to
an equal length in the same level running to the other mine. The
three mines in the upper level were joined in the same way and, finally,
the two lines were grafted together and joined to the end of a piece
of slow-match cut to bum twenty minutes. The grafts had been tried
repeatedly before being finally determined on, and had always been
successful.
On exploding the mine the embankment was thrown down and a
current commenced running through the canal. Excavation by means
of discharging cans of powder underwater deepened and widened the
channel, aided by strong freshets, so that at high water six and a half
feet of water is on the embankment. General Butler having been
relieved from the department about this time, work was discontinued
by order.
The canal at present is used by the steamer O. S. Pierce and others
of that class, which save by this way about five miles and a half of
travel. A few days' work to clear up the disturbed mass and to widen
and deepen the north mouth would make this the usual traveled route
by all vessels navigating the river. The current and tide partly fiow
through this way, but their action is unimportant in clearing it out,
because the debris consists of large lumps of cemented gravel and
hard blue clay. The above embraces all the data of interest in this
much-talked-of project, and is given complete to avoid referring to it
in the account of each month's labor.
September. — During this month a line of works was built and a post
established at Harrison's Landing. The defensive works consisted of
a redoubt of four embrasures, with a stockaded gorge commanded by
the gun-boats in the river, and infantry breast- works running from the
flanks to the river. The length of the whole line is 1,412 yards. A
canvas pontoon bridge of twenty-three boats was built on the Appo-
mattox River September 19. Tbe pontoniers who built it, having no
experience with these boats, were twelve minutes in building the first
and three minutes in building the last, the average time being seven
minutes and a half for each lK)at. Owing to the river being aflfected
by the tide, the claw balks had to be lashed to the saddle piece, or
they would slip up or down, according as the tide was ebb or flow.
Often this bridge had to be covered with manure to deaden the sound
of travel when troox)S crossed. In these cases the dust of the manure
falling into the canvas boats would rot the threads of the canvas and
cause more or less leakage. It was noticed that some of the canvas
coverings would leak as much as six inches of water at night and none
the following day. Teams heavily loaded would often sink these boats
to within four inches of the gunwale. These were among the most
prominent things noticed in the use of these boats in a permanent
bridge, a use, however, for which they were never intended.
During the night of September 28 a pontoon bridge 1,320 feet
long was built on the James River at Aiken's Landing. Svith 100
pontoniers the bridge was finished in six and a half hours, so quietly
as not to disturb the enemy's pickets on the opposite side of the river.
The army began to cross at 3 a. m. September 29 in two columns,
one on the bridge above spoken of and the other on the bridge at
Deep Bottom. A successful advance was made; Fort Harrison, the
key point of the outer line of Riclimond defense, carried by assault,
and the line of works extending to the Darbytown road occupied by
UNION AUTHORITIES. 189
our army. It havinpj been determined to remain in the position thus
carried, the rebel works from Fort Harrison to the New Market road
were occupied by our trooxw and their front turned during the night
and following day. Shortly afterward a line was thrown up, with
batteries at appropriate intervals, extending from our left flank, at
Fort Harrison, to the James River, where it rested on a large work at
a point a little above Cox*s Landing. This work, called Fort Brady,
was on the site on which the rebels had commenced the erection of a
powerful rifled battery to command the mouth of the canal. We
armed the work with three 100-pounder Parrott guns and several
4|-inch Rodman rifles, constructed a large bombproof for the protec-
tion of the garrison, and surrounded it by strong lines of abatis. The
line from this work to Fort Harrison afforded a secure defense in case
of a flank attack on the left, as it subjected the attacking party to a
chance of being defeated, cnt off, and captured, or driven into the
river, after leaving their own lines.
October, — Efforte were early made to strengthen the right flank by
a strong line and redoubts, but the work was stopped by order from
the then commander of the Tenth Army Corps. A strong attack on
this flank was made by the enemy in force on the 7th of October,
which the cavalry who guarded this flank were unable to withstand,
and which at one time threatened to be very disastrous to this army.
Terry's division, of this corps, with the artillery under Jackson,
checked and finally drove back the enemy, and then the work of
securing the flank was pushed rapidly along.
About 400 yards east of the New Market road a strong redoubt fifty
yards square was built, and formed a salient from which the whole
country within 600 yards was commanded, and from its right flank
an infantry parapet of strong proflle, well protected from assault by
abatis, ran toward the New Market road, where it rested, about the
vicinity of the Four-Mile Church. From this point to near the mouth
of Four-Mile Creek strong isolated redoubts were built and manned
with troops and artillery, so placed as to mutually support each other.
Along New Market Heights the most salient points were taken and
occupied by strong closed works, and in their front for 1,000 and 1,600
yards the woods were *' slashed," thus making a continuous abatis in
their front to the limit of the range of their artillery. Works were also
placed to flank the valleys and sides of these hills.
As there was some possibility of moving the greater part of this
army to a new fleld of operations, leaving but a small force behind,
a line of interior works, some 3,400 yards long, was built but for such
a contingency. The right rested on Four-Mile Creek, and the left on
the marsh below Aiken's Landing. The details of construction were
the same as generally belong to field defenses, the stronger batteries
being placed so as to command the most important roads or the most
prolMkble points from which an attack would be made, with infantry
parapets four to six feet thick on top joining them.
In front were ditches from eight to twelve feet wide and six feet
deep, and in advance of these a line of good abatis. This line was
well indicated, the batteries completed, and infantry parapet two-
thirds finished, the remaining work to be done after the troops occu-
pied the line. Often the greatest difficulty has been in getting an
army to take up a proper and exact line of defense at first, each regi-
ment, company, and man digging where they find their spades, with-
out reference to the fitness of things, indicating the necessity of more
engineer officers.
190 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
As detached works to tliis line, it was intended to hold those on
New Market Heights and Camp Holly, which would have given us the
command of New Market, Kingsland, and Darbytown roads. The
necessity for this line never occurring, it was never occupied by
troops.
After the occupation of Fort Harrison and the rebel captured lines,
the enemy heg&n the construction of a new line of defense joining
their water batteries on the river at Chaffin's farm with Fort Gilmer,
and running thence easterly to join on to that portion of the captured
line which we could not occupy at the Charles City road, and so on
to New Bridge on the Chickahominy.
The line that our forces occupie<l was made as strong as possible,
and possessed the advantage of having but a short part exposed to an
attack of the enemy, which x>art was strongly manned and guarded.
On the 27th a movement was made on the Darb3rtown and Williams-
burg roads with no other result than to keep the enemy from send-
ing re-enforcements to the right of their army at Petersburg, which
was then being attacked by the Army of the Potomac. During this
movement General Weitzel's troops fought on the same ground in
advance of Seven Pines on which the Army of the Potomac fought
in 1862.
November. — Details of both engineers and infantry were constantly
employed during this month in repairing the works of defense and
perfecting and completing those alluded to. During this season the
roads used by the supply trains from the wharves and bridges became
much cut up, and corduroying was commenced. Wharves for the
quartermaster, ordnance, commissary, and medical departments were
built at suitable places on the river. Frequent rumors arriving at
Fort Harrison that the enemy were mining the work, in order to allay
the fears of the garrison well holes were dug on the glacis to serve for
listening galleries. As the nearest approach of the rebel works was
800 yards, and a valley twenty feet deep had to be crossed before
reaching the work, but little attention was paid to these rumors.
While attention was paid to the defensive operations we also found
time to collect, repair, and put in working order three saw-mills,
which were located in a splendid forest in the Bermuda woods. By
these mills from 7,000 to 10,000 feet of lumber were sawed per day,
the greater portion of which was used in the construction of a perma-
nent hospital at Point of Rocks. Sufficient was obtained, however,
to stock the engineer depot and build platforms and magazines in all
the batteries, wharves, and bridges on the river.
Below is a report of the engineer force of the army, and how employed,
which may be taken as a fair standard of each day's detail during the
period of quiet:
Two officers, 80 men, building redoubts and corduroying roads; 2
officers, 66 men, repairing Tenth Army Corps front; 2 officers, 90 men,
repairing Eighteenth Army Corps front; 1 officer, 30 men, bomb-
proof to dredge Dutch Gap and Fort Brady; 1 officer, 50 men, cordu-
roying roads; 2 officers, 30 men, engineer depots at Bermuda and
Fortress Monroe; 2 officers, 143 men, various small details, Ac, —
12 officers, 489 men. First New York Volunteer Engineers — four
officers, 105 men, on duty at saw-mills, building wharf, pontoon
bridges, repairing wagons, Ac,
December. — This month's labor was a continuation of the last, and
the principal roads of supply wera ready for winter use quite early in
the mouth. Whatever damages had been done to the defenses were
UNION AUTHORITIES. 191
repaired. Timber for a x)ermanent pile bridge was prepared in the
woods, which bridge was to be built in January. A detachment of
enmneer trooi)8 accompanied the expeditionary force to Fort Fisher.
January. — As the enemy frequently opened a heavy mortar fire
from in front of his works opposite Fort Harrison, and as the artil-
lerjTnen were unable to stand to their guns during its continuance,
it was deemed advisable to make protection to the guns on the front
of Fort Harrison. The mortars used by the enemy were Coehorns,
placed outside of their works and behind the line of picket reserves,
protected in their front by a strong line of abatis. It was designed
to bombproof the whole front of the work and put in casemates
enough, constructed somewhat on the IIoxo plan, for the guns on the
front. There was a banquette for infantry on top, reached by broad,
wide stairs in rear, which gave the infantry good cover and enabled
them to see perfectly every point in advance. The ditch was deep-
ened and widened and a fraise placed in the scarp to prevent scal-
ing. But four of these casemates were constructed, and two bomb-
proofs, a sketch of which is shown on the opposite page.
There were also three strong lines of abatis and wire entanglement
placed in front of the ditch, making the whole work quite formidable
and easy to hold.
In order to save sand-bags, which at this time became very expen-
sive, Lieutenant King, Engineer Corps, designed some loop-holes for
riflemen and for use in the picket-lines, which proved admirably well
adapted for their purpose, and being prepared at slight cost at the
saw-mills, were used on all the works and rifle-pits. They were con-
structed of boards, and of the form shown in the diagram. They
presented a smaller target for the enemy's sharpshooters and at the
same time gave a large field of fire. They were not easily discernible
at any distance and could easily be removed and replaced.
Note. — ^The rebel device for the same purpose consisted in plac-
ing logs of various lengths, ten to fourteen inches in diameter, hewn
on two sides, with notches cut in the lower side once in about six feet
along the interior crest of the parapt, and banking these logs in
front with earth. The notches which formed the loop-holes were
tapering toward the outside, similar to our own, and where there was
much sharpshooting the orifice was still further reduced by a plate of
thin boiler iron eight or ten inches square, with a hole in the center
but little larger than the barrel of a musket. These plates were
spiked to the front side of the logs (covering the notches), and in
some cases were found with fifteen to twenty bullet marks ujwn them,
many of which were so near the edge of the opening that the bullets
probably went through, and it is quite likely that all the bullets that
struck the plate would have struck the man in the rear of it had ordi-
nary sand-bag loop-holes been used.
The engineer may at times find this expedient worthy his attention,
observing that the logs near the crest of the parapet are not suitable
where artillery can be used against them.
The permanent pile bridge was finished after a little more than two
weeks' labor, being 1,368 feet long. It became necessary as a substi-
tute for the pontoon bridge owing to the great freshets in the river,
the floating ice, and the driftwood that came down the river at this
time. It was a pile bridge, each pier consisting of three piles driven
firmly into the bed of the river and connected by a cap piece, and the
piers joined by strong pieces to form bays each fifteen feet wide. An
inclined log was attached to each pier to ward off drift and ice. This
192
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
UNION AUTHORITIES.
193
was securely attached to a pile driven a short distance above and
in the prolongation of the pier, which pile was nearly sawed off.
When driven by the pile-drivers suflSciently it was broken off, and
the end of the inclined pile thus anchored to the bottom; the other
was spiked to the pier, as shown in the sketch below.
The river deepens to 16 feet about 1,000 feet from the north shore,
and then to 30 feet for a distance of nearly 180 feet, and then decreases
rapidly to the shore-line. At the channel a draw of pontoon-boats
was made 180 feet wide. The lumber which was used in the construc-
tion of this bridge was obtained from the engineer depot saw-mills.
February. — ^There were additional river batteries on the south side
of the James, constructed and armed with 100-pounder guns, as an
additional protection against another rebel raid of iron-clads. During
this month and early in March the engineer force of the army
decreased rapidly, owing to the expiration of their term of service.
March. — There were at this time less than 300 effective men for
duty, and but a small number of these were engineer soldiers proper.
Rex)air8 of the batteries were constantly going on. To obviate the
effects of winter weather, platforms were relaid, magazines drained,
and their cover renewed and thickened, and generally the lines of the
army put in good defensible condition.
The mules belonging to the pontoon train were worked continu-
ously at the saw-mills during the winter, and only relieved when
directed by Major-General Barnard, the engineer of the combined
armies operating against Richmond, to be used in preparing four
pontoon trains for active service and marching. New mules were
obtained, and every effort made to break them to harness in time.
The whole artisan force was put at work to repair and strengthen the
wagons and boats. Finally orders were issued to take a train of but
fifteen canvas boats, which was ready for the march on the day speci-
fied. The engineer force was divided; one part under Bvt. Maj.
W. R. King, U. S. Engineers, remained with General Weitzel's forces,
and entered the city of Richmond with his command. They began
and continued the erection of a defensive line until the news of
Lee's surrender reached the city. They also built a i)ontoon bridge
joining Richmond and Manchester 2,400 feet long, upon which after-
ward the Armies of the James, the Potomac, Sherman's army, and
Sheridan's cavalry crossed. The engineer force with the moving
column consisted of six companies of engineers and one of pontoniers.
13 R R^-8KRIBS m, VOL V
194 C0EEE8P0NDENCE, ETC.
A tool train of ten wagons moved with the pontoon trains; the latter
consisted of thirty-two wagons, carrying forage, spare chess, and 380
feet of bridge material. The weight, drawn by eight mules, was ascer-
tained by weighing a pontoon wagon with its material two weeks after
the campaign closed, and was found to be as follows:
Pounds.
Two boats of canvas and box 805
Transoms 470
Claw balks 1,440
Saddle balks 244
Boat sides 224
Anchor lines 175
Anchors 810
Wagon load 8,168
Wagon 1,278
Weightdrawn 4,446
During the march there were rains, which wpuld increase the weight.
On the 29th of March the moving column of the Army of the James,
consisting of Turner's division of West Virginia troops, of the Twenty-
fourth Army Corps, and Foster's (First) division of the same corps,
commanded by Major-General Gibbon, and Birney's division of the
Twenty-fifth Ai'my Corps, all commanded by Major-General Ord,
occupied the left of the Army of the Potomac, intrenched lines resting
on Hatcher's Run.
On the 30th an advance was made across the run by Turner's and
Foster's divisions, rebel picket-line captured, and a position secured
beyond Armstrong's house, with 800 yards of the rebel line of works.
Turner's division joined the Second Army Corps by a bridge built
over the run. On Turner's right Foster and Birney made the con-
nection with the Sixth Army Corps, still in position behind their
intrenched lines. Attempts were made during the night to build
intrenchments and cover for a battery, but< the ground would not
stand, being saturated with water from recent heavy rains, and so
spongy that it would not bear the weight of a horse.
April. — On the morning of the 2d, the successful assault being made
and rapidly followed up by an attack on Fort Gregg, which was taken
after some desperate fighting, the troops occupied a x)osition entirely
surrounding Petersburg. During the night everything was got in
readiness for a rapid march in the morning. Starting at 5 a. m., and
taking the Cox road, our army made a rapid march toward Burke-
ville; a part of the engineer force moved ahead to repair roads and
bridges; the pontoon trains followed headquarters, to be in readiness
in case of necessity. Burke ville was reached on the night of the 5th
and occupied during the next day. A small force being sent out to
bum the High Bridge at Farmville was met by the rebel advance and
captured, after desi)erate fighting. The troops moved in that direc-
tion on the 6th, and engaged a portion of the advance of the enemy,
while the cavalry headed them off on the Prince Edward Court-House
road. On the afternoon of the 7th the troops entered Farmville, the
enemy burning the bridges at this place and retreating across the
river. The pontoon train of our army having been well kept up to
the front, notwithstanding its overloaded condition, was fortunately
able to be used to pass over the artillery and trains of the Sixth and
Second Army Corps and enable them to follow in rapid pursuit of
the enemy that night. The pontoons were relieved by those of the
Army of tlie Potomac before daybreak, and once more in jiosition for
a new march.
UNION AUTHORITIES.
195
At daylight on the 8th the Twenty-fourth Army Corps moved from
Farmville, taking the road running nearly with the South Side Rail-
road, and made a forced march
of nearly thirty-three miles be-
fore mid[night, resting for a few
hours on the railroad where
Sheridan had captured several
cars loaded with bacon and
com. At 3.30 a. m. on the 9th
the infantry moved again, and
at 8 a. m. were in action on the
extreme left of the army. The
leading brigade of Foster's di-
vision, of the Twenty-fourth
Army CoriM, went into action on
the double-quick, and delivered
the volley which staggered and
drove back the advance of the
enemy, who had at that moment
gained some temporary advan-
tage over the cavah^. The
action lasted until 10 a. m.,
when a truce was granted pre-
liminary to the surrender.
May. — During this month a
bridge was built at Fredericks-
burg. Surveys were made, by
direction of Major-General Bar-
nard, of the detached works
surrounding the city, and orders
were afterward received to con-
tinue the survey of the in-
trenched lines and country
adjacent to Richmond.
June, — Brevet Major King
was intrusted with the charge
of rebuilding a bridge, called
Mayo's Bridge, connecting Rich-
mond and Manchester. The
following is an extract from his
report on the completion of the
bridge. The plan adopted for
the bridge is represented by the
accomi>anying drawing, page
45 [195].
DBSCBIPTION.
c / i, main chords made of
four pieces, four by twelve
inches, breaking joints, and
forming continuous beams the
entire length of the bridge.
j t, corbels, fourteen by six-
teen inches, resting on wall plates w w, and supporting main chords.
ab g hy Ac, straining beams, ten by twelve inches, oak, supported
by posts and struts.
196 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
bcgf, ^c, main suspending rods in pairs, secured at 6 and g by
wrought-iron plates, and at c and / by cast-iron connecting pbktes
bolted to the chord.
c d and e/, lower suspending rods, secured at c and /to cast-iron
connecting plates, and at d and e to horizontal wrought-iron bars;
these bars being connected by three small rods (2 6, d fe, and e /c, diag-
onal iron braces, to prevent vertical undulations.
k k, floor girders, ten by fourteen inches, supporting 4-inch by
12-inch ioists and d-inch plank.
dkeJcf oak supports, six by ten inches, resting in cast-iron shoes,
which are supported by wrought-iron bars d and 6.
Lateral braces (not shown in drawing) connect the floor girders to
prevent horizontal swaying, and diagonal braces steady tibie jKWts d k
and e k.
DIBCENSIONS.
Entire length, 1,396 feet; entire width, including sidewalks, 31 feet;
width of carriage-way in clear, 19^ feet; number of bays, 18; width of
bays, 69 to 78 feet; height of piers at low water, 20 feet.
The strains on the different rods were computed as follows: Allow-
ing for a load of 40 pounds per square foot of roadway, 40 jiounds per
cubic foot of timber, and 60,000 pounds as the breaking weight of iron
I>er square inch, then the greatest strain on the upper suspension rods
win be nearly 32,600 pounds.
PMmds.
Breaking weight of same 90,000
Lower inclined saspension rods, greatest strain 16,000
Breaking weight 46,500
Lower horizontal suspension rods, greatest strain 10,200
Breaking weight 26,000
The entire amount of wrought-iron used, including bolts, plates, &c., was. 44, 068
Cast-iron 13,586
Narrative from General Tower* s reports of February 1
1866, to General Delafield, Chief Engines
and March Sly
tneer.
Nashville was flrst occupied by our army on the 15th and 16th of
December, 1864 [sic]. The officers of the Corps of Engineers com-
menced to fortify it at that time, and as its importance increased from
time to time, by making it the depot for the armies of the West, the
labors of the engineers continued, and were not relaxed to the date of
the last effort of the rebels to capture it, and thus endeavor to frustrate
Sherman's march through Georgia and the Oarolinas to Virginia. To
hold it and check the advance of Hood through Kentucky to the Ohio
called forth all the zeal and talent of the engineers. General Tower
had been sent thither in September, 1864, and labored to perfect the
incomplete defenses. On the advance of the rebel Greneral Hood, and
while the army was falling back from Franklin, the necessity for
strengthening and completing these defenses became more uigent.
He then wrote to the assistant adjutant-general of Major-General
Thomas, suggesting that the forces of the Quartermaster's Department
might throw an intrenched line over the high hills in advance of the
Lorenz house, should it be thought expedient. (See plan No. 4.*)
* Plate LXXn, Map d, of the Atlas. It ai>pear8 that the map published in the
Atlas omits the numoers desiflniating the hills herein mentionea. For the map
containing these numbers, see Executive Document No. 1, House of Bepresenta-
tives, TUxty-ninth Ck>ngre6s, first session, Vol. II.
UNION AUTHOBITIES. 197
At 12 m. Greneral Thomas visited Fort Morton and informed him that
about 5,000 men wonld report at 1 o'clock. To his question, *' Shall
they intrench the Lorenz Hills?" he replied, "No; let them construct
your interior line connecting with the forts. The army will hold the
hills and intrench them."
He therefore gave Captain Jenney, who was assisting him, direc-
tions to run the line of infantry intrenchments from Fort Morton
around the Taylor house to hill 210. Captain Jenney was assisted by
Major Powell, of the Tennessee Army reserve artillery. Major Dick-
son, inspector of artillery of the Army of the Tennessee, superintended
assiduously the construction of the large and important battery on
hill 210. Captain Barlow, of the Corps of Engineers, took charge of
the line from the Cumberland River to the Chattanooga railroad,
south side of the city.
A iwrtion of the line from hill 210 to Hyde's Ferry was laid out by
Captain Barlow and himself, the rest by Major Willett. During the fif-
teen days preceding the battles before Nashville more than seven miles
of infantry parapet and rifle-pit intrenchments were thus constructed
by the quartermaster's and railroad forces. This gave a continuous
line (see plan No. 4*) in advance of all the hospitals, store-houses,
and other structures, except the scattered houses of the suburbs in
front of College Hill, and held the elevated positions which looked
upon the buildings within range. It is the line indicated in his report
of October, 1864. It is just as long a line as that occupied by the
army over the hills, but the shortest that would effectually secure the
hospitals and other important structures. The line over the hills was
the best army line, but deriving no support from Forts Morton, Hous-
ton, Gillem, and Hyde's Ferry, could not be held by the usual forces
occupying Nashville.
It would have required a large number of redoubts of expensive
construction, owing to the rocky nature of the soil, to have fortified
the line of hills, but such line would hold an enemy well away from
the city, covering it effectually. It was his opinion that completing
the works already described, and strengthening the principal batteries
at intermediate points, would make Nashville secure with its usual
garrison, aided by the quartermaster's organized forces. Hill 210
must be strengthened, as it is a key x>osition, and the Taylor house
knoll should be supported by a keep. Small block-houses in batteries,
like the construction for Battery Donaldson, are a good arrangement
when well covered by the parapets. Unfortunately, wood construc-
tions are the most difficult of accomplishment. Embrasures, maga-
zines, and block-house bombproofs cause the great delay in making
forts and batteries. A great deal, however, has been accomplished
during the past three months in spite of extremely unfavorable
weather, mud, and muddy roads. It has rained more than half the
time.
When General Sherman apx>ointed him inspector-general of forti-
fications for his military division he requested him to look well to the
defenses of Nashville. He also called his attention to Murfrees-
boTough and Columbia, the line of defense for the army falling back.
Murfreesborough was known to be well defended. Columbia was the
position on Duck River which would have been held by our army had
opiate LXXU, Map 3, of the Atlas. It appears that the map published in the
Atlas omits the ntmiDers designating the mUs herein mentionea. For the map
contaiiung these numbers, see Executive Document No. 1, House of Repreeenta-
tives. Thirty-ninth Congress, first session, Vol. U.
198 CORBESPONDENCE, ETC.
the corps from Missouri arrived a week sooner. As things occurred,
Nashville was the threatened point, and he gave his attention to its
defenses, using all his personal influence to get aid from every source
possible. The plans submitted vrill show works devised by him for
the defense of this depot and alticrations in original works. He had
to thank the railroad department for much assistance rendered, and
especially the quartermaster's department for aid in laborers and
material. These laborers were mostly organized as brigades, and
turned out as such and guarded two miles of the interior line during
the battles of the 15th and 16th of December, 1864, and in case of an
attack on the city would doubtless be an efficient assistance to this
garrison.
Captain Barlow understands this x)osition well, and would doubt-
less do everything in his power to forward its defenses. Waiting for
plans has delayed this synopsis of engineer operations at Nashville.
He was getting up a plan of the magnificent battles of December
15 and 16, gained by the U. S. army commanded by Major-General
Thomas over the rebel forces under General Hood. (See phin No. 4. *)
Having accompanied the commanding general during these fights,
it was his special request that he should direct the survey and draw-
ing of the plan illustrating them.
Captain Barlow, U. S. Engineers, in immediate charge of the
defenses of Nashville since the middle of December, had much
improved his department and heartily responded to his efforts to
push forward the defensive line. Captain Jenney, aide-de-camp on
General Sherman's staff, in charge of topographical office there, had
voluntarily assisted and had done excellent service superintending at
Forts Houston and Gillem, and in the construction of infantry line
of intrenchments.
He has sent the map (see plan No. 4*) of the battles of Nashville,
which shows the dispositions of troops before and during the battles,
and which, with the exception of sections, seems clear and complete.
By a little attention it will be perceived how admirably the battle was
planned. Its execution was in accordance with the plan.
X was the turning point on which the army wheeled as on a pivot.
From that point to the river on the left the lines were held by new
troops under General Steedman, while the three infantry corps, com-
manded by Generals Wood, Smith, and Schofield, and the Cavalry
Corps under General Wilson, were hurled upon the enemy's center
and left. Our army, thus in position, formed nearly a straight line,
of which the left, far refused (made up of new troops), held lines sup-
I)orted by works and covered by a brilliant dash of General Steedman
with a small force in advance toward the enemy's right. The right
was the old fighting ai*my, which, though requiring much time to
swing into position (about 40,000 strong), necessarily broke the
enemy's left and drove him from his main line.
The second day the rebel general had concentrated his forces; but
the moral effect of his first day's fight, his losses, especially in artillery,
together with our superiority of cavalry, which dismounted and
attacked his left rear, all contributed to his defeat; and the left of
his line was broken about 4 o'clock by a dash of General Smith's corps.
The battle is worthy of study.
• Plate TiXXU, Map 2, of the Atlas.
UNION AUTHOBITIES. 199
Narrative from the report of Bvt. Brig. Gen, O. M, Poe to the Chief
Engineer, dated October 8, 1865 ^
Narrative collated from the report of lAeutenant and Brevet Captain
SticJeney, Corps of Engineers, June 3, 1866, to General Richard
Delafietd, Chief migineer U. 8. Army, {See plans Nos. S and ii. f)
While remaining in Goldsborough, from March 24 to April 10, the
pontoon train was put in complete repair as far as material at hand
woald admit. Thirty new canvas boat covers were received and all
but ten of the old covers sent to New Berne.
April 10 the army moved out from Goldsborough toward Raleigh,
arriving at the latter place on the 14th. The next day the Fifteenth
Army Corps proceeded to Morrisville and the Seventeenth Army Corps
to Jones' Station, at which places they were halted on account of the
negotiations for the surrender of the enemy's army. None of the
bridges over the streams between Goldsborough and Raleigh were
destroyed, but the planks were in most cases thrown off and were
soon replaced, causing no delay of any consequence. The roads were
in very bad condition between Goldsborough and Pineville, the Fif-
teenth Army Corps being obliged to build 214 feet of wagon bridges
over sloughs, 175 feet of foot bridges, and 13,196 yards of corduroy.
The-Seventeenth Army Corps made 426 feet of bridges and 16,918 yards
of corduroy. The army remained in the vicinity of Raleigh till April
29, when, the rebel army having surrendered, it started on its home-
ward march toward Petersburg, where it arrived May 6. The roads
were in excellent condition and bridges standing over all the rivers
except the Neuse and Roanoke. The army arrived at Robinson's
Ferry, on the Roanoke, May 3, the pontoon train being in advance.
This river is 740 feet wide at the point at which the army crossed,
and the depth of water from five to ten feet. The pontoon train
contained only 580 feet of bridging, but they found four large wooden
boats on the river, which were rigged up with centerpieces, made
four trestles, and the bridge was ready for crossing by 8 a. m. on the
4th, after a hard night's work. After remaining two days at Peters-
burs the army moved to Manchester.
The major-general commanding informed Captain Stickney that
from Manchester up they would find bridges over all streams, as they
were to be left for them by the Army of the Potomac, which preceded
them; consequently he did not think it necessary to procure more
chesses.
On the 12th of May the Seventeenth Army Corps started for Alex-
andria, the Fifteenth Army Corps on the following day, and arrived
there on the 19th. The roads were generally good all the way from
Raleigh to Alexandria, and the army moved with surprising celerity.
He was disappointed, however, about the bridges, there being none
over the Pamunkey or Occoquan Rivers. The former was very much
swollen, the water overfiowing the southern bank to the depth of
about two feet and a half when they first arrived, the morning of
May 13, and continued to rise during the day and following night.
The pontoon bridge was laid and some trains passed over that
afternoon, but before the next morning the water ros^ so high that
it became necessary to build a kind of trestle bridge about thirty
♦Here omitted in view of the full report published in Series I, Vol. XXXVIII,
Part I, p. 127 ; Vol. XLIV, p. 68, and Vol. XLVII, Part I, p. 109.
tPIate LXXVI, Map 2, and Plate C, Map 1, of the Atlas.
200 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
yards in length to approach the pontoons. This was done by the First
Michigan Engineers and Seventeenth Army Corps pioneers.
Lieut. Col. William IVeeddale, with his regiment, the First Mis*
souri Engineers, had charge of the pontoon train.
The pontoon train has most of the time been divided into two
sections — one section moving with each army corps and each section
being accompanied by a portion of the First Missouri Engineers.
The First Michigan Engineers moved with the Seventeenth Army
Corps, but were under Captain Stickney's orders only on the occasion
at the Roanoke River.
Following is a statement of places where pontoon bridges were laid:
April 14, over Neuse River, at Battle's Bridge, 160 feet.
April 20, over Neuse River, at Powell's Bridge, 200 feet.
May 3, over Roanoke River, at Robinson's Ferry, 740 feet.
May 13, over Pamunkey River, at Littlepage's Bridge, 200 feet.
May 18, over Occoquan River, at Occoquan, 280 feet.
Narrative collated from the report of LietUenant- Colonel and Brevet
Brigadier- General ComstocfCy of the Corps of Engineers, of the
27th of January, 1865, addressed to General Terry, and copy to
General DeLafieid, Chief Engineer.*
War Department, Payila^ster-General's Office,
Washington, October 31, 1865,
Hon. Edwin M. Stanton,
Secretary of War:
Sir: I have the honor to submit a report of the official transactions
of the Pay Department of the Army for the fiscal year ending June
30, 1865.
The tabular statements herewith presented exhibit the details from
which the following statement in gross is madetf
Balance in hands of paymasters and tinisstied requisitions in Treas-
ury at beginning of fiscal year (Jnlv 1,1864) $86,089,808.87
Received from the Treasury during the fiscal year (including un-
issued requisitions in Treasury on June SO, 1865) 837,200,000.00
Received by paymasters from other sources, exclusive of sums
transferred among themselves 6,815,187.50
Total to be accounted for 480,054,946.87
Accounted for as follows :
Disbursements to the BeRular Army 7, 889, 235. 47
Disbursements to the Military Academy 153,099.11
Disbursements to the volunteers 300,738,635.95
Total disbursement 308, 730, 960 . 53
Amount of unissued requisitions in the Treasury on June 80, 1865. 65, 900, 000. 00
Balance actually in bands of paymasters on June 30, 1866 55,428,985.84
430.054,946.87
This large amount in the hands of paymasters at the end of the
fiscal year was an unavoidable necessity from the fact that at that
♦ Here omitted in view of the publication of full report in Series I, Vol. XLYI«
Part I, p. 406.
t Tabular statements omitted in view of the general summary following.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 201
precise period of time the department was everywhere throughout
the country under the greatest pressure of payments to mustered-out
troops, and money in large sums had to be kept thus distributed.
From the above it will be seen that the sum actually disbursed dur-
ing the fiscal year and in process of disbursement at the end thereof
was $430,054,946.37.
Since the beginning of the current fiscal year, besides the above
sums in the hands of paymasters and the unissued requisitions
stated, $94,000,000 have been disbursed and distributed for disburse-
ment, making a total expenditure of $524,054,946.37 during the last
fiscal year and the present one to this date.
Of this large sum more than one-half ($270,000,000) has been paid
to disbanded volunteer troops mustered out of service.
From the early days of June to the present time this department
has made final payment to more than 800,000 officers and men. The
number paid cannot be definitely stated for the want of time for full
official returns to be received from the many various and distant
points of payment throughout the country, especially as these pay-
ments are still continuing. £nough, however, is known with cer-
tainty to establish the fact that the figures stated are not in excess.
This is an extraordinary exhibit of work performed chiefiy within
the three months of June, July, and August — $270,000,000 of money
paid to 800,000 individual men. When the manner of these payments is
observed, with a knowledge of the particularity required in each case —
the accounts varying in amounts, each to be separately computed in
its several items of pay, clothing, bounty, ^c, with such stoppages
as may be chargeable deducted; the final amount stated and the sig-
nature of each officer and man to be appended in duplicate to the
receipt rolls — a just appreciation may be formed of the stupendous
labor involved. No similar work of like magnitude, regarding its
immensity both as to men and money and the small limit of time in
which it has been performed, has, it is believed, any parallel in the
history of armies.
The troops for dischaige were, under the orders from the Adjutant-
General's Office, transported to their respective State rendezvous as
rapidly as the proper officers of the various organizations could dis-
patch the duty of mustering out.
This department engaged to prepare with funds officers at all the
sixty different places of designated rendezvous throughout the States,
and to make prompt payment in the shortest practicable time on the
arrival of each organization, so as substantially to avert delays,
with all their evil consequences, at the places of rendezvous. How far
this pledge on our part has been redeemed the country can answer.
The facts of record in the War Department show no delays of moment
occurring in any quarter; none, at least, chargeable to this depart-
ment. The work is mainly accomplished, satisfactorily accomplished,
beyond the most sanguine anticipations of those who could under-
stand and properly measure the vastness of the undertaking.
For this result the country is indebted largely to the zeal, intelli-
gence, and sleepless industry of a corps of experienced paymasters
who signalized themselves in this the closing act of their military staff
service by a faithfulness and devotion which reflects the highest honor
upon them as a body and as individual officers. To them, under the
skillful management of their supervising district chiefs, this depart-
ment owes its success; and I take occasion, as the head of the
department, in this public official communication to render to them
202 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
the homage of my grateful acknowledgments. The credit is theirs,
for without their experience and cordial co-operative efforts not all
the powers of the Government combined could have wrought so
favorable a solution of a difficult problem.
It becomes my duty also to notice here, in most favorable terms, the
valued services of the officers and clerks connected immediately with
this office. They appreciated the emergency and bent themselves
to the difficult work which, for a time, pressed upon the office with
almost overwhelming weight. With payments simultaneously pro-
gressing at sixty different points, widely separated, with the necessity
of keeping each one supplied with funds from day to day, and a neces-
sity also that each should have no more than required for immediate
disbursement — drawing from the Treasury at the rate of •20,000,000
per week and compelled to make close estimate and careful watch of
its daily distribution, so that the demand at each given point should
be surely supplied and yet no more than supplied ; telegrams and let-
ters continually pouring in noting the movement and destination of
troops, and repeating these notices to the proper points of rendezvous;
applications and appeals constantly arriving requiring immediate
answers; new questions arising and refeired to this office for
instructions, <fec. — kept our thoughts, our pens, our press, and the
telegraph in constant requisition by day and by night. Mid all this
I am happy to bear testimony that every one labored with cheerful
alacrity — in some instances, indeed, during the heated season, even
beyond their strength. It may be said of these, as I have said of tlie
paymasters in the field — but for their willing efforts, rendered with
self-denying devotion, the work could not have been a success.
The unstinted facilities extended, sir, by your authority and orders,
in the free use of the military telegraph, the printing press, and all
other agencies that could be profitably applied to the end, together
with the liberal confidence which you were pleased to repose in this
office, leaving to it an almost unrestricted discretion to manage, with-
out hindrance, its own details; your concurrence in and support
of its acts and orders — ^these reveal the vital secret of a result so
favorable.
I cannot close this branch of my subject without a grateful expres-
sion of indebtedness to the officers of the Treasury Dex>artment for
the courteous and zealous attention with which, during the trying
exigency, they always entertained the imx>ortunate demands of this
office. What often seemed as hopeless impossibilities obstructing the
financial path were, by their fervent efforts, readily dispelled, and
thus all our requisitions were met with most satisfactory promptness.
At the date of my last annual report, besides the small number of
officers constituting the Pay Department of the Regular Army (and
which is without casualty or change since), there were in the service
409 additional paymasters, contingent appointments under the law of
July, 1838. Afterward, up to March 3, 38 others were appointed
and confirmed, making a total of 447, accounted as follows: Resigned,
89; commission declined, 1; dismis8ed,4; apx>ointments canceled, 21;
dropped, 2; died of disease, 5; lost at sea, 1; killed by guerrillas, 2;
died while prisoner of war, 1 ; mustered out. Ill; total casualties, 237;
remaining in service, 210.
This reduction may still continue, following with even pace, as their
services can be spared and their accounts be rendered, the progress
of the reduction of the Arm}'.
UNION AUTH0BITIB8. 203
The sadden difibandment of our volunteer hosts, besides their final
payment on the ordinary forms of muster-out rolls and other discharge
papers, has devolved upon this department an inordinate accumula*
tion of ''referred claims" transmitted for adjustment and payment.
These have arisen from various causes, but chiefly from the inability
of the ofBcers charged with the execution of the muster-out papers to
reach a complete history as to pay, clothing, bounty, Ac^ of large
numbers of enlisted men, so as to enable a final settlement at the time
of discharge. To all such certificates of discharge are furnished,
upon which are indorsed the fact of non-payment, and the holders
are directed to forward the same, as the basis of their claim, to the
Paymaster-General for adjustment.
Such magnitude has this demand attained that it has been found
necessary to organize a special division of paymasters as an attach-
ment of this Bureau to take exclusive cognizance of this class of
claims.
This ''division of referred claims" is now composed of a chief
supervising paymaster of much intelligence, judgment, and experi-
ence, with twelve other paymasters; also competent officers of
experience and a corps of sixty-four active clerks. The x>eculiar
labors of this division could not be near so well performed under any
other organization, having, as this does, enlightened paymasters to
supervise every branch of the work, each being responsible for his own.
Every claim sent to this division requires for its elucidation a care-
ful and laborious search through all the previous rolls on file in
this and the Second Auditor's OfSce, besides constant reference to the
Adjutant-Generars Office, to trace out through the past records all
the facts touching the case, the charges, stoppages, forfeitures, cfec,
that it may be stated with accuracy the balance due the claimant.
This done, vouchers in form covering that balance are filled out and
transmitted to the claimant for his signature, which returned to the
paymaster, the latter remits a check for the amount. From this it
will be seen how tedious is the work of this division, what careful
industry it demands, and how inevitable are the delays complained of
by impatient claimants.
The clerical force of this Bureau is without material change since
the date of my last annual rei)ort.
For months past, in anticipation of an early permanent reduction
of that force, I have refrained from recommending new appointments
to fill such vacancies as have occurred by resignation and other
casualties.
This course, I apprehend, may continue without injury or material
inconvenience to the public service. Such, however, is the sudden
accumulation of the business of the Bureau, by reason of the present
influx for examination of rolls and other classes of vouchers, result-
ing from the recent and continued large payments to disbanded troops
already adverted to, that but a very slight reduction in the number
of clerks employed will be practicable for some months to come.
I need hardly urge the unqualified conviction that the compensa-
tion allowed by the Government to this indispensable class of public
agents is quite inadequate in view of the present exorbitant cost of
the necessaries of life. The clerks of this Bureau as a body are
highly meritorious and deserving public servants. None, I am sure,
better than they have by faithful industry earned just title to favor-
able consideration. It becomes my duty, therefore, respectfully, but
204 C0RKE8P0NDEKCE, ETC.
urgently, to recommend a reasonable increase of the rates of compen-
sation now by law fixed for the clerks employed in this Bureau.
Especially is this demanded by every consideration of the public
interest, of enlightened public economy, for the clerks of the higher
grades and for the chief clerk. I feel sure I have only to present
this subject to your attention to insure your influence in the further-
ance of a consummation so proper.
In another paper communicated to you, dated the 11th instant, I
have had the honor to submit for your consideration a plan for the
better organization and a permanent increase of the Pay Department
of the Army, to which I respectfully invite your attention in connec-
tion with this report.
The entire of the Regular Army and the volunteer forces of every
description retained in service, and not embraced in orders for muster
out, have been paid, or are provided for and in process of payment,
to the end of the last fiscal year (to 1st of July last).
Many organizations have been paid to the later date of September 1.
All discharged troops have been paid in full, and all being dis-
charged or under orders for discharge are provided for, and will be
paid as fast as they arrive at their respective places of rendezvous.
Paymasters are held in readiness to make another payment to the
troops who shall be continued in the service, whenever the needful
funds for that purpose may be available.
In conclusion, I beg to present to your attention the following
remarkable summary statement of the results in this department
during the past four years of war:
The total of money disbursed by the department from July 1, 1861,
to the present date is $1,029,239,000.
Total defalcations in the department for same iieriod, 8np];x)sing that
nothing is made from snreties (it is believed that more than one-half
wiU be coUected from these sonrces) $541,000
Total expenses for disbursements, including pay and aUowanoee to pay-
masters and their clerks, mileajze, and traveling expenses, &c.,an
average of 350 paymasters and 400 clerks for the term of four years
and four months (a large average) 6, 429, 600
Total defalcations and expenses 6,970,600
Thus it is seen that the total of every character of expense to the
Government arising from the disbursement of the pay to the armies
during the period stated is less than seven-tenths of 1 per cent, of
the sum disbursed.
Surely this is a cost most wonderfully cheap for the execution of
duties so important and responsible. It is much questioned if there
is another instance on record of public disbursement so cheaply
performed.
Respectfully submitted.
B. W. BRICE,
Paymaster- Oener at U, S, Army.
Provost-Marshal-General's Office,
WashingtoUy D. C, November i, 1865,
Brig. Gen. James B. Fry,
Provost'MarsJial' General of the United States:
General: In obedience to instructions I have the honor to submit
the annual report of the operations of the Disbursing Branch of the
UNION AUTHORITIES.
205
Provoet-Marshal-GeneraPs Bureau for the year ending November 1,
1865:
Upon assuming the duties of this branch in March, 1865, it was not
deemed necessary to make any changes in the system then in oper-
ation, which was fully described in the last annual report. No mate-
rial change in the status of the employ^ of this Bureau had occurred
up to the 31st day of March, 1865, from that shown in the annual
report dated November 7, 1864, the number of i)ersons employed and
the salaries paid them being nearly alike at both dates. Since that
time the number of employ^ and all expenditures have been reduced
as rapidly as circumstances and the interests of the public service
would permit.
The following exhibit of the employ^ of this Bureau as they stood
on the 1st day of November, 1864, will, on comparison with the state-
ment given on the succeeding page, show the relative status at the
two dates:
SUte.
1
}
^
1
1
1
1
1
i
1
i
1
^
MftiiM .....................
10
31
24
1»
11
18
14
»
7
le
4
3
67
20
70
8
19
14
85
eo
17
59
89
52
25
40
57
25
3
8
23
10
5
89
12
80
7
17
12
26
58
85
23
48
15
8
37
22
7
4
2
17
12
11
33
6
11
99
14
93
8
22
10
25
63
19
28
41
16
9
19
22
6
7
1
1
2
1
2
6
1
46
1
13
178
55
130
8
12
6
19
163
40
68
77
16
14
44
2
3
5
3
1
3
22
11
14
1
2
1
5
15
5
7
14
6
2
7
8
2
1
4
1
1
7
1
4
25
4
24
I
5
4
7
11
8
3
7
7
8
1
4
112
NewHJunMhire
35
Vermont. :
17
Hamarhniwttn
1
'
143
25
CojuMcUent
39
N«w York
81
5
644
Kew Jersey
118
PeDneylvania
1
443
Dfllawiurft
28
UMXjlMDd
Wfitt VfrginlA .
8
80
47
XentnckjT
1
4
1
168
Ohio
19
888
Michiinn
120
THton» .,,,
7
195
niinoU
1
1
237
Iowa
113
Mmneeota
(
82
Wieocmaiu
148
Mieioari
115
Biatnet of ColmnbiA
1
18
KjOilUtM
16
Nebraska Territory
Colorado Territory
IMkota Territorr
1
Nerada Terri tory
1
Waahiuffton Territory
""4'
1
2
1
California
16
Ore|;oii
Total
189
098
577
600
958
140
132
115
1
4
18
8.243
206
COBRBSPONDENCE, ETC.
The BtLbjoined statement will show the number and classification of
all employes on duty in the offices of proyost-marshals and acting
assistant provost-marshals-general at this date:
Stole.
1
,
j
1
H
*»
►»
1
1
i
^
ICftine
10
81
M
19
11
18
6
5
6
13
1
1
7
Nftir HMDMhlrft r . .
5
YenDont..
....
5
4
18
5
42
•7
25
1
7
1
6
18
11
S4
18
IS
8
8
8
4
4
1
11
8
10
1
1
9
New York
58
NewJeney.....
10
PvnntylTMiiA ..»- »
1
88
DoIaw An
S
MairlAnd r..
g
Dtetxiotof GdlnmblA
"
"
1
WMtVireinlA
2
8
4
2
6
7
1
4
2
1
2
7
Kentacky
1
1
*.
17
MiMonii
18
Ohio
M
Indiana
S
lUinoia
VlAhlffAn
9
fowmT?!.:::::::":::::::::::::":::"::::::!
IS
WiMKmatn ....^r-^^r-- .tt-t
10
Minneeoto
5
Kan8aa • ■■••.. .--
'
5
NAbraakaTerritorv
....
Cokinido Territory
....
....
Dakoto Territorv
Oregon Territory.....
WaMtnirton Territory
....
CalifonSa
•
3
9
Kerada
....
*'
• •••
...
Total
180
234
4
....
88
808
The number of clerks, messengers, and watchmen at present
employed in the Disbursing Branch is as follows:
Clerka.
ll
j
^
Offlceof-
1
1
1
(D
J
1
s
1
MaJ. H. R. Rathbone
1
2
8
8
4
7
3
0
I
8
....
2
....
U
Capt R. tiodor. First and Second DlTisiona
7
Capt. 8. Dana, Third and Fourth Divieiona
1
12
Total
1
2
10
10
1
8 1 ^
8
87
As rapidly as the number of employes was reduced and expenses
curtailed it became necessary to reduce and consolidate the diYisions
of this branch, the first consolidation going into effect on the 1st day
of June, 1865, at which date Capt. F. H. Barroll, disbursing officer in
charge of Third DiYision, was relicYcd, and his duties transferred to
Capt. S. Dana, in charge of Fourth DiYision, both diYisions being
consolidated in one.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 207
The continaed reduction of the business of this branch necessitated
a still further consolidation, which took effect September 4, 1865,
Bvt. Lieut. Col. J. McL. Hildt, disbursing officer in charge of First
Division, being relieved on that date, and his duties transferred to
Capt. R. Lodor, disbursing officer in charge of Second Division, both
divisions being consolidated in one.
The number of letters received, letters sent, and indorsements
made during the year ending November 1, 1865, is as follows:
Letters received 86,880
Letters sent 4,635
Indorsements made 8,8S)0
The amount of funds received, disbursed, and turned over during
the year ending November 1, 1865, on account of ''enrollment and
draft" is as follows:
Capt. James McMillan, formerly in charge of the First Division,
received, disbursed, and turned over from November 1, 1864, to
December 19, 1864 (the date at which he was relieved), the following
amounts:
On hand November 1,1864 1304,618.27
Iteceived since 480,319.43
Total 684,887.69
DUbnised 1851,865.75
Turned over 882,971.94
Total disbnxsed and tamed over 684,887.69
Capt. H. R. Rathbone, who succeeded Capt. James McMillan in
charge of the First Division, received, disbursed, and turned over
from December 20, 1864, to March 23, 1865 (the date at which he
was relieved by Capt. J. McL. Hildt), the following amounts:
Received from Captain McMillan $857,929.54
Received since 460,084.60
Total 807,964.04
Disbursed »485,088.18
Tamedover 872,875.86
Total disborsed and tnmedover 807,964.04
Capt. J. McL. Hildt, who succeeded Capt. H. R. Rathbone in charge
of the First Division, received, disbursed, and turned over from
March 23, 1865, to August 31, 1865 (the date at which he was relieved
from duty in the Provost-Marshal-Generars Bureau), the following
amounts, viz:
Received from Capt. H. R. Rathbone .. $267,875.86
Received since 460,803.99
Total 718,178.85
Disbursed $486,905.18
Turned over :.. 381.278.67
Total disborsed and turned over 718, 178.85
Capt. R. Lodor, in charge of Second Division, has received, dis-
bursed, and turned over from November 1, 1864, to November 1, 1865,
the following amounts:
On hand October 81. 1864 $188,072.65
Received since 1,878,085.89
208 COBRE8PONDEKCE, ETC.
Received from Bvt. Lieat. Col. J. McL. Hildt September 1, 1865 ... $145,018.83
Total 1,686,121.86
Diflbursed $1,168,253.87
Turned over 858,800.00
Total disbursed and turned over 1, 521, 553.87
Balance on hand November 1, 1865 164,567.99
Capt. F. H. Barroll, formerly in charge of the Third Division,
received, disbursed, and turned over from November 1, 1864, to June
1, 1865 (the date at which he was relieved from duty in the Provost-
Marshal-GeneraPs Bureau), the following amounts, viz:
On hand November 1,1864 $41,450.99
Received since 104,888.08
Total 146,284.07
Disbursed $129,259.17
Turned over 17,024.90
Total disbursed and turned over 146,284.07
Capt. Samuel Dana, in charge of the Fourth Division, has received,
disbursed, and turned over from November 1, 1864, to November 1,
1865, the following amounts:
On hand November 1,1864 $84,881.44
Received since 575,650.45
Total 660,540.89
Disbursed $588,218.45
Turned over 14,000.00
Total disbursed and turned over 602,218.45
Balance on hand November 1, 1865 58,827.44
Maj. T. C. English, Fifth U. S. Infantry, acting assistant provost-
marshal-general for Portland, Greg., has received, disbursed, and
turned over from November 1, 1864, to August 31, 1865 (the date of
his last report), the following amounts, viz:
On hand November 1, 1864 Nothing.
Received since $51,000.00
Disbursed 27,418.26
Balance on hand August 1, 1865 23,581.74
Brig. Gen. John S. Mason, formerly acting assistant provost-marshal-
general for San Francisco, Cal., received, disbursed, and turned over
from November 1, 1864, to March 28, 1865 (the date of the transfer
of the funds to Capt. H. B. Fleming, his successor), the following
amounts, viz:
On hand November 1,1864 $42,207.60
Received since 60,085.00
Total 108,282.60
Disbursed $21,826.48
Transferred 81,406.12
Total disbursed and transferred 108, 282. 60
Capt. H. B. Fleming, Ninth U. S. Infantry, acting assistant
provost-marshal-general for San Francisco, Cal., has received, dis-
UNION AUTHORITIES. 209
bnrsed, and turned over from March 28, 1865, to September 1, 1865
(the date of his last return), the following amounts, viz:
Received from Brigadier-General Maaon $55,406.12
DisboTHed $10,507.60
Tranflferred 25,000.00
Total disborsed and transferred 85,507.60
Balance on hand September 1,1865 10,808.52
The amount of funds received, disbursed, and turned over during
the year ending October 31, 1865, on account of incidental expenses,
Quartermaster's Department, is as follows, viz :
Capt. F. H. Barroll, in charge of Third Division, has received, dis-
bursed, and turned over from November 1, 1864, to June 1, 1865 (the
date at which he was relieved), the following amounts, viz:
On hand November 1,1864 $86,868.18
Reoeivednnce 12,182.40
Total 48,995.58
Disbnrsed $11,987.46
Tnmedover 87,058.07
Total disbnrsed and tnmed over 48,995.58
Capt. Samuel Dana, in charge of Fourth Division, has received,
disbursed, and turned over from June 1, 1865, to November 1, 1866,
the following amounts, viz :
On hand Jnne 1,1865 $87,058.07
Disborsed $51.00
Tnmedover 8.50
Total disbnrsed and turned over 69. 50
Balance on hand October 81, 1865.. 86,998.57
Capt. Hugh B. Fleming, Ninth U. S. Infantry, acting assistant
provost-marshal-general for San Francisco, Cal., has received, dis-
bursed, and turned over from March 28, 1865, to August 31, 1865 (the
date of his last return), the following amounts, viz:
On hand $500.00
Disbursed 170.12
Balance 829.88
Capt. S. Dana has received, disbursed, and turned over on account
of the fund for sick and wounded soldiers during the past year
the following amounts:
Beceived $30,000.00
Disbnrsed : 9,300.00
Balance on hand November 1, 1865 20, 700.00
Total amount disbnrsed on account of enrollment and draft during
the present year 3,175,744.06
Total amount disbnrsed on account of incidental expenses of
Qnartermaster's Department daring the present year 12, 158. 58
Total amount disbnrsed in refunding commutation money to non-
combatants, from the fund for * ' sick and wounded soldiers " 9, 800. 00
The amount of commutation money received by receivers thereof
(collectors of internal revenue) and deposited by them to the credit
14 R R— SBRIBS in, VOL V
210 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
of the Treasurer of the United States, from November 1, 1864, to
November 1, 1865, is as follows:
On accoant of draf t and subBtitntes $317,180.00
On account of sick and wounded soldiers $387,500.00
There was also deposited to the credit of the Treasurer
on account of sick and wounded soldiers by the Provost-
Marshal-General, beinff funds turned over to him by
the ez-Govemor of Ohio 3,487.53
840,987.53
Total 658.117.53
There has been disbursed on account of the commutation fund
the following amounts, as follows :
PBRCBNTAOB.
Amount disbursed to receivers in payment of the percentage allowed
them in conformity with the rates established November 4, 1863, is
from November 1,1864, to November 1, 1865 $42,781.63
Amount reimbursed to receivers and paid to others for expenses of
stationery, blanks, express charges, exchange, postage, &c., from
November 1,1864, to November 1,1865 2,440.08
REFUNDED.
Amount refunded to persons who had paid commutation money and
furnished substitutes and afterward were exempted for various
causes, from November 1, 1864, to November 1, 1865:
By disbursing oflacers of this branch $39,070.00
By disbursing officers C, D., and O. Branch 10, 500. 00
Total 60,470.00
Thinking that a r^um4 of all transactions relating to the com-
mutation fund would be more satisfactoiy, a statement is herewith
appended showing the entire amounts received, disbursed, and turned
over:
Amount of commutation money received —
Prior to November 1,1868 $10,518,000.00
From November 1,1863, to October 31, 1864 15,188,609.35
Amount received from November 1, 1864, to November 1 , 1865 657, 817. 53
Total commutation money received from July 22. 1863, to
October 81, 1864 26,364,516.78
Amount deposited. to credit of Provost-Marshal-Oeneral from
July 22 to October 31, 1868 10,518,000.00
Provost-Marshal-General from November 1, 1863, to October 81,
1864 4,946,800.00
Amount deposited to credit of the Treasurer of the United States —
Prom February 28, 1864, to October 81, 1864 10,242,599.25
From November 1,1864, to November 1,1865 658,117.53
Total deposits 26,864,516.78
Amount deposited on account of—
Appropriation for draft and substitutes 25,902,029.25
Sick and wounded 462, 487. 53
Total 26,864,516.78
Amount of commutation money deposited by receivers to credit
of the Treasurer of the United States 10,900,716.78
Balance in the hands of the Provost-Marshal-Oeneral deposited to
the credit of the Treasurer in compliance with the joint resolu-
tion of Congress 7,439,035.20
UNION AUTHORITIES. 211
Amount deposited to credit of the Treasaier of the United States
byCapt.J.McL.Hildt <870.00
Total 18.840, 021.1W
Amount of commntation mon^y deposited to the credit of the
ProTost-Marahal-Qeneral 15,468,800.00
Amonnt donated... 900.00
Amonnt left by deserters 742.50
Amoontoftax 88.45
Amonnt tamed over by mnstering and disbursing 'olBcers 200,000.00
Total - 15,665,475.06
Amonnt disborsed and tamed over to mastering and disbnrsing
officers by Provo6t-Manihal-(>eneral 8,226,440.75
Amonnt tnmed over to Treasurer of the United States by Provost-
Harshal-Qeneral 7,480,086.20
Total 15,665,475.05
At the date of the last annual report the total number of officers
and employ te of the Provost-Mnrshal-Generars Bureau was 4,716, at
a cost per month of $311,868.60. The number now on duty and in the
employ of the Bureau is 383, at a cost per month of $35,050.32. It
is thought that no further requisitions for funds need be made by
this branch.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
H. R. RATHBONE,
MoQOT and Aaat Adjt Gen-y in Charge Disbursing Branch.
Wab Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
Washingionj November 5, 1866,
His Excellency Charles Anderson,
GhverrujT of OhiOy ColwmJbus :
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of
the 27th ultimo relative to the muster out of Ohio regiments, and in
which you refer to your letter of September 16 past, giving in full
your views on the subject.
The attention of the Secretary of War has this date been invited to
both communications, and in reply I have the honor to inform you
that your letter of the 16th of September was received during the
absence of the Secretary and was not then considered by him, but
referred to the GeneraMn-Chief for his information and retained at
his headquarters until receipt of your recent letter. No reply to it
was sent you, but the views expressed, taken in connection with sim-
ilar ones from authorities of other States, were duly considered, and
no means have been spared to hasten the muster out of volunteer
organizations as rapidly as their services could be dispensed with.
Since the letter of September 16 many Ohio organizations have
been discharged, and of the eighteen (seventeen regiments and one
battery) yet reported as in service thirteen regiments are in Texas.
Major-General Sheridan has recently ordered the discharge of some
additional troops, and it is believed that some from your State will
be ombraced, although the organizations selected have not yet been
reported. All volunteer troops are being relieved in the field and
mustered out as rapidly as the public interest will permit; but as
212 COBBE8PONDENGE, ETC.
from necessity some organizations have to be retained longer than
others, an order for the discharge of all at the same time cannot be
given.
The attention of the commanding general of the Department of the
Missouri has been invited to the discharge of the Eleventh Ohio Cav-
alry, specially referred to in your letter of the 27th ultimo.
I have the honor to remain, sir, very respectfully, your obedient
servant
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
AssistarU AdjiUarU- General.
Washington, November 6, 1865.
Maj. Gen. G. G. Meade,
Commanding Military Division of the Atlantic:
In view of the x>caceful condition of the South, I think now the
number of interior posts held may be materially reduced in number,
and where regular ti-oops are used they can generally be one and two
company posts. In this way you may be enabled to discharge from
service most of the white volunteers still remaining within your
command.
I wish you would send one or more of your staff officers through
the Southern States of the command with full instructions to desig-
nate the posts to be held [and] the garrisons to be put in them. Let
all surplus troops then be mustered out of service. Instruct your
inspectors to see that all previous orders for the reduction of trans-
portation and expenses in every way be carried out. Let them also
report all public property which in their judgment may be removed
or sold with advantage to the public service.
Property is many times so scattered as to make a large force neces-
sary for performing guard duty alone, where, but for the public prop-
erty to be cared for, but few troops would be necessary. Let this
subject receive attention also.
U. S. GRANT,
L/ievienant' General.
Quartermaster-General's Office,
Washingigrij November 8, 1865.
Hon. Edwin M. Stanton,
Secretary of War:
Sir: I have the honor to submit the annual report of operations of
the Quartermaster's Department during the fiscal year ending 30th
of June, 1865:
On the 1st of Jnly, 1864, the balance of appropriation in the Treas-
ury nndrawn was $8,099,768.16
Appropriation for fiscal year ending 80th of Jane, 1865 199, 250, 000. 00
Deficiency bill, March 2,1865 83,181,137.00
Appropriation for fiscal year ending 30th of June, 1866 168, 500, 000. 00
Total 459,630,905.16
Requisitions on Treasury in fiscal year ending 30th of Jane, 1865. 431, 706, 057. 44
Balance remaining 30th of June. 1865 27,924,847.72
A financial statement in detail will be found in a table at the end
of this report.
UNION AUTHOBITIEB. 218
This department is charged with the duty of providing means of
tran8x>ortation by land and water for all the troops and for all the
material of war. It furnishes the horses for artillery and cavalry,
and the horses and mules of the wagon trains; provides and supplies
tents, camp and garrison equipage, forage, lumber, and all materials
for camps and for shelter of the troops. It builds barracks, hospi-
tals, and store-houses; provides wagons and ambulances, harness,
except for cavalry and artillery horses; builds or chai-ters ships and
steamers, docks, and wharves; constructs and repairs roads, railroads,
and their bridges; clothes the Army, and is charged generally with the
payment of all expenses attending military operations not assigned
hy law or regulation to some other department.
While the Ordnance Department procures and issues arms and
ammunition, and the Subsistence Department supplies provisions, and
l^e Medical Department medical and hospital stores, the Quartermas-
ter's Department is called ux)on to transport the stores of all these
departments from the dei)Ots to the camps, upon the march, and to
the battle-field, where they are finally issued to the troops.
These duties have been efficiently x>erformed during the year.
In the last, as in former years of the war, under the energetic and
liberal administration of the War Department, the wants of the troops
have been regularly supplied, their comfort, health, and efficiency
have been amply and regularly provided for. The Army itself does
justice to the wise and enlarged administration which has enabled it
to move successfully in a field of warfare constantly widening.
Atlanta, the key of the rebel defense, was secured after a campaign
involving a line of operations of 300 miles in length, maintained for
months through a hostile country so effectually as to enable an army
of 90,000 men, with over 40,000 animals, to subsist not only while
advancing, but, what is much more difficult, while laying siege for
weeks to that advanced ix)sition.
The enemy's army, driven from Atlanta, but still formidable in
numbers and in courage, threw itself upon this long line of oper-
ations— ^two slender n^s of iron, crossing wide rivers, winding
through mountain gorges, plunging under the mountain ranges, and
eveiywhere exposed to the raids of an enterprising enemy, favored
by the thick forests which bordered the railroad throughout nearly
its whole extent.
The guards of the i>osts upon the line of communication did their
duty, and the Railroad Construction Corps of this department, thor-
oughly oi^anized, strong in numbers, in skill, and in discipline,
repaired broken bridges and railroads. New engines from the work-
shops of the North replaced those which torpedoes or broken rails
threw from the track. Trains loaded with timber, with iron, with
water and fuel for the engines, preceded the trains of subsistence
and ammunition, and scarce was the communication broken before it
was re-established.
The conquering army followed the desperate garrison of Atlanta
and drove him off the lines of communication. The railroad was
worked night and day to its full capacit>y; supplies for a new cam-
paign for an army of 90,000 men were i)Oured into Atlanta. All
surplus stores, all sick and all enfeebled men were sent by railroad to
the rear, and the army of General Sherman, with its 3,000 wagons full
loaded with every material of war, accompanied by droves of many
thousand beef -cattle, re-enforced by the return of those who, disabled
in the earlier events of the campaign, had been recruited in the
214
hospitals of Nashville, 300 miles to the rear, and forwarded by rail-
road to resume their places in its ranks, marched out of Atlanta,
blew up that depot, destroyed all the railroads which made that city
of value in the war, and bent its steps toward the ocean.
In no other country have railroads been brought to jierform so
important a part- in the operations of war. Scarce in any other
country could be found the workmen to perform the feats of construc-
tion which have illustrated this campaign.
At no time during the march from Chattanooga to Atlanta were
the railroad trains five days behind the general commanding.
The reconstruction of the bridges over the Etowah and the Chat-
tahoochee are unparalleled feate of military construction.
. The Etowah bridge, 625 feet long, 75 feet high, was burned by the
rebels, and was rebuilt by the labor of 600 men of the Construction
Corps in six days.
The Chattahoochee bridge, six miles from Atlanta, is 740 feet long
and 90 feet high, and was built in four and a half days by 600 men of
the Construction Corps.
The army under General Sherman moved southeast from Atlanta;
it plunged into the forests and sands of Georgia and was lost to our
view. The rebel army moved into Tennessee and advanced upon
Nashville, to be dashed in pieces against the army of Major-General
Thomas, and thus perished the last great army of the rebellion in the
central South and West, east of the Mississippi.
The rebel press reported defeats, disastei*s, repulses to the army,
with which we had no communication. No anxiety as to their fate
oppressed the minds of those who had in the War Department
directed the measures and provisions for their equipment for this bold
and decisive march. A bare possibility that, by the abandonment of
all eastern positions, the rel)el Army of Virginia might throw itself
across Sherman's path, induced the department to order supplies to
Pensacola, to relieve any immediate wants should the army be obliged
to move southward; but the great work of preparation to meet and
refit this array upon the southeastern Atlantic Coast was at once com-
menced and steadily prosecuted. While a few vessels went to Pen-
sacola to await orders, a great fleet of transports was collected at
Port Royal, laden with everything that experience indicat-ed as neces-
sary to repair the consumption and the losses of this adventurous
march. Clothing, shoes, shelter tents, forage, provisions, spare parts
of wagons, wagons complete, harness, leather, wax, thread, needles,
and tools for all the trades which were plied on the march and in the
camp were collected in the harbor of Hilton Head.
All this was done in the dead of winter. Light-draft, frail river
steamei-s trusted themselves, under daring Yankee captains and
crews, to the storms of the stormiest coast of the world, and all
arrived safely at their destination. And here let me pay a tribute to
those gallant seamen of the merchant shipping of the Natioii, who in
war entered its transport fleet. No service has been so difficult or so
tedious — none so dangerous as to discourage or to daunt them.
No call for volunteers has ever failed to meet a ready response,
whether to tempt the shoals and storms of a tempestuous coast, the
hidden and mysterious dangers of the dark bayous of the South,
strewn with torpedoes by the devilish ingenuity of deserters from our
own military and naval service, or to run in frail river steam-boate
the batteries of the Potomac, the James, and the Pamlico, or the still
more formidable works of Vicksburg. Urged by the spirit of adven-
UNION AUTHORITIES. 215
ture, supported by the patriotism of freemen, they have always stood
ready, and have cheerfully obeyed every order, incurred every risk.
On the 13th of December Fort McAllister fell before the assault of
General Sherman's veterans. The transport fleet was ordered at once
to the mouths of the Ogeechee and of the Savannah. The city of
Savannah was carried within a few days, and a wrecking party, then
employed upon the coast of Florida, with all the ingenious equipment
which modern science has contrived for submarine operations, was
towed by a steamer to the Savannah River and set to work to remove
the formidable obstacles to its navigation. These for four years
seemed to have employed all the ingenuity and mechanical skill of the
people, who had torn up the pavements of their commercial streets to
supply mat'erial to obstruct the channels of their harbor.
In a few days a passage was cleared, and the steamers and vessels
of the transport fleet discharged their cargoes at the long-disused and
dilapidated wharves of Savannah, and sailed for the North richly
freighted with captured cotton.
On the 22d of January General Sherman again moved northward.
A division of the Railroad Construction Corps had been ordered from
the Tennessee to the Savannah to meet him. It had crossed the AUe-
ghanies in midwinter and was promptly at the rendezvous with men
and officers and all tools, materials, and machinery for rebuilding the
railroads of the coast.
It was decided not to operate directly against Charleston, the great
stronghold of the rebellion, which had for four years defied our ships
and the forces we could spare for the siege. The wiser and more
daring plan of marching inland, cutting oft its means of supply, cap-
turing the capital, and devastating the agricultural portion of the
State, was pursued.
Charleston soon fell and the Construction Corps was moved to More-
head City, there to open up the railroad from the harbor of Beaufort,
N. C, toward Kinston, at which point General Sherman, when I
parted from him in January — ^his army reclad, reshod, supplied, and
ready to resume its march — told me to look out for him next.
His chief quartermaster, General Easton, who had accompanied the
army in its march from Chattanooga to Savannah, remained on' the
coast, taking charge of the fleet lo£Mded with supplies. The fleet and
supplies were transferred to the harbor of Beaufort. Fort Fisher fell
in January and the Cape Fear River was opened to our transports.
The troops which had captured, with the aid of the navy, the defenses
at the mouth of this river, re-enforced by the Twenty-third Army
Corps, which in January was transferred from the Tennessee to the
Atlantic, captured Wilmington and advanceil toward Goldsborough.
The two railroads, e/ich ninety-five miles in length, from Wilmington
and from Morehead City to Goldsborough, were repaired by the Con-
struction Corps. They were stocked with cars and engines, and when
the Right Wing of General Sherman's army entered Goldsborough
on the 22d of March it met supplies of provisions brought by the
railroads from the transport, fleet on the coast, and found Golds-
borough occupied by a corps which on the 15th of January had been
encamped on the banks of the Tennessee.
Again was the army supplied with fuU equipment of clothing,
shoes, and of all the various articles of necessity for itself and its
trains, worn out in the long march from Savannah, and by the 10th
of April, the appointed day, fully equipped, it moved against the
enemy at Raleigh.
216 COREESPONDENCE, ETC.
Upon the surrender of the rebel armies in Virginia and North
Carolina the armies of Greneral Sherman and of Lieutenant-Creneral
Grant marched for Washington, where they were reviewed by the
President and Cabinet, after which they went into camp on the heights
surrounding the capital, and the preparations for their transfer to
other fields of operation and for their disbandment were made.
While the coast was the scene of the efforts of the department to
support and supply the army of General Sherman, the armies in front
of Richmond also required a vast expenditure. These armies were
stronger in numbers than General Sherman's. Their equipment for
march as well as for siege was constantly kept in the highest state
of efficiency. The country in which they lay furnished no supplies,
and food and forage and all stores were brought by rail and by sea
from the North and Northwest. The shipments of forage alone to the
armies on the James averaged over $1,000,000 per month throughout
the winter.
The tables at the end of this report give information as to the
strength of the fleet and the magnitude of the operations involved in
the supply from distant ports of an army over 100,000 in strength,
with at times over 5,000 wagons to keep in repair and over 65,000
animals, horses, and mules to be fed.
From the depots in the West, under the general direction of Bvt.
Maj. Gren. Robert Allen, senior quartermaster in the Mississippi
VaUey, the wants of the armies on the Tennessee, the Cumberland,
the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Arkansas, and the Gulf of Mexico
were supplied.
The Northwest was the store-house from which were drawn subsist-
ence, forage, and all other material which, by steam-boats and rail-
road trains, were distributed to the posts.
Lists of steamers employed on the Atlantic, upon the Gulf, and upon
the Western rivers are attached to this report.
The transport fleet exceeded 1,000 vessels of every variety of con-
struction, impelled by sail or steam. Details of this fleet and its cost
will be found in another part of this report.
Great movements of troops continued to be made. The army of
General Thomas, having dispersed the rebel army in the campaign
which culminated in the battle of Nashville, on the 15th and 16th of
December, 1864, and the pursuit which followed it, was divided. The
Twenty-third Corps, under General Schofield, 15,000 strong, was in
January, as hereinafter detailed, transported to the coast of North
Carolina to co-operate with General Sherman, expected at Kinston.
The Sixteenth Corps, under General A. J. Smith, 17,000 strong, with
artillery and baggage trains, was sent to New Orleans to co-operate
with the troops then under General Canby in the reduction of Mobile.
The cavalry, under Major-General Wilson, was refitted, remounted,
equipped, and launched into the interior of Alabama to capture the
principal interior cities of Alabama and Georgia. Selma, Montgomery,
Columbus, and Macon fell before them.
In all these movements the troops were kept well supplied with the
necessary material. Horses, forage, food, and clothing were promptly
delivered at the appointed rendezvous and depots, and steamers were
ready on river and coast to move the troops and their supplies
promptly.
During the whole year — I believe I may say during the whole war —
no movement was delayed, no enterprise failed, for want of means
of transportation or the supplies required from the Quartermaster's
Department.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 217
The close of hostilities made even greater exertions on the part of
this department necessary. Two hundred and thirty-three thousand
men were distributed from Washington alone to their homes in the
North— carried to every hamlet and village, camps of discharge being
established in every State, at which the regiments rendezvoused until
paid off, when the men dispersed.
Sixty thousand men of the army of General Sherman were moved
from Washington to Louisville, from which place, after a short time,
they were put in motion for tlieir homes and discharged. Twenty-
five thousand men were moved from the James River to the Rio
Grande. Seven thousand were sent from the Potomac to Savannah.
Sixty thousand prisoners of war, released, were sent to their homes in
the Southern States.
Regiments were brought from the Gulf and South Atlantic coasts
and sent to their States to be discharged. Their places were in some
cases supplied by the transfer to the South of the regiments which
had longer to serve. A large force of cavalry was moved from the
Potomac to the Arkansas and to the Western plains.
The activity of the transportation branch of this department has
never been greater than since the cessation of hostilities, its duty
embracing the transportation to their homes of the greater part of an
army of a million men, the collection and transportation to depots,
for storage or for sale, of the animals and stores surplus from the rapid
reduction in the forces employed.
Officers were sent to inspect the various depots and posts to report
what stores should be sold and what preserved. Stringent orders were
issued directing reductions in purchases, in lists of persons employed,
ordering the sale of surplus material,the reduction of the strength of
the trains, the sale of all surplus animals of the cavalry, artillery, and
trains, and the discharge or sale of transports not needed for the
returning troops. Reports in detail herewith contain such informa-
tion as to these operations as can be collected at this time and embraced
within the limits of this report.
The examination, collation, and analysis of the records of this depart-
ment are not complete. The material is abundant, and I propose,
with your approbation, to establish a board of officers whose business
it shall be to collect from the official reports full statistics of the vast
operations which, during the last four years, have taxed the fullest
enei^ies of every officer of ability and experience in this department.
The work has been accomplished, the record is in possession of the
office, but the labors of execution have not left leisure for that exam-
ination and comparison of the records which is necessary for a full
statistical report of operations of this department during the four
years of war.
In the last annual report I had the honor to make nominal report of
the officers who held the most important and responsible positions in
this department during the previous year, and to call attention to
their merits and their worth. Many of these officers have received
the promotion which they have so well deserved, and which they so
highly prize as the recognition by their Government of faithful serv-
ice. I am grateful for the recognition of the service and success of
the department under my control thus given to its officers.
The general distribution of duties has not materially varied during
the year. The officers had, in the course of three years of active serv-
ice, generally found the positions in which their respective qualities
made them of the greatest service to their country.
218 CORRBBPONDENCE, ETC.
Bvt. Maj. Gen. Robert Allen continued to exerewe the authority
and control with which he had been invested as senior and supervis-
ing quartermaster in the Valley of the Mississippi. His duties have
remained the same as during the previous years. His annual report
is herewith. Had it been more full in detail it would have given a
better idea of the magnitude of his responsibilities, his labors, and
his merits. There passed through his hands during the fiscal year
$33,933,646.45.
Bvt. Maj. Gen. Rufus Ingalls continued in the field to control the
service of the quartermaster's department with the armies operating
under Lieutenant-General Grant against Richmond.
The admirable manner in which the duties of his post were per-
formed is shown in the efiiciency of the operations which supplied the
troops during the long siege and the rapid marches which, after the
enemy was driven from his works, resulted in the capture of his
entire army. The disbursements have been (under his direction)
$1,636,759.08, principally for wages of workmen. The supplies for
this army were purchased under direction of this office and shipped
to it from the depots at the North, as required.
Bvt. Maj. Gen. D. H. Rucker has continued in charge of the great
depot of Washington, the depot through which a great part of the
supplies of the armies before Richmond and upon the Atlantic Ck>ast
passed. Here the animals and the clothing for these armies were col-
lected. To this point their worn-out and disabled animals and equip-
ment were returned for recuperation or repair, or to be disposed of
and replaced.
Upon this depot, after the fall of Richmond, 250,000 troops were
concentrated, and here wei*e made all the arrangements for their trans-
portation to the West and North before their final dispersion. The
expenditures of the year under his direction have been $8,822,065.33.
Bvt. Maj. Gen. James L. Donaldson has continued in charge of
the great base of supplies of the armies of Sherman and Thomas.
He is now supervising quartermaster of the Military Division of the
Tennessee, and is engaged in the supply of the troops still quartered
in the South and in returning them as discharged to their homes,
and in disposing of the vast accumulation of stores no longer needed
since the cessation of hostilities and consequent reduction of the
Army. He has controlled the expenditure of $24,821,005.79.
Bvt. Brig. Gen. Thomas Swords, senior quartermaster in the De-
partment of the Ohio, assisted by Colonel Moulton, has been in charge
of the ox>erations of the department at the important depot of Cin-
cinnati, which has furnished nearly one-third of the clothing for the
armies of the United States. He has received and distributed to
other officers or disbursed during the year $17,402,501.95.
Bvt. Brig. Gen. G. H. Crosman, who had been on duty in Philadel-
phia from the 30th of August, 1861, to the 24th of August, 1864, in
charge of the Philadelphia depot and the providing of clothing and
equipage, was then temporarily relieved by Col. A. J. Perry, chief of
the division of clothing and equipage. He has since been engaged
in preparing a manual of the service of the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment, intended to fix the forms, sizes, and construction and qualities
of the various articles of equipment which are supplied by the Quar-
termaster's Department, in order that the experience gained in all
these details may not be lost, but may be at hand to instruct the
officers of the deimrtment in future operations. The records and
UNION AXJTHOBITIE8. 219
details of these models should be preserved. They have enabled
oar armies to make unexampled marches with less suffering, priva-
tion, sickness, and loss than we find recorded in the history of the
campaigns of other nations. His disbursements have been during
the year $6,274,278.55.
Bvt. Brig. Gen. D. H. Vinton has continued at the head of the
depot of clothing and equipage at New York. No officer has more
thoroughly and efficiently pe^ormed his duty. He has received and
expended (34,637,511.11.
Bvt. Brig. Gren. L. C. Easton, chief quartermaster of the army of
General Sherman, accomx>anied that army in its campaign from Chat-
tanooga, and during the siege of Atlanta superintended its outfit for
and accompanied its march to the sea. At Savannah he took charge
of the transport fleet and of the stores sent to meet the army on the
coast, conducted them to the coast of North Carolina, and sent for-
ward the supplies which, by the 10th of April, enabled it again to
march against the rebels at Raleigh. After the dispersion and reduc-
tion of the army he was assigned to duty ftB chief quartermaster at
the headquarters of the major-general commanding the Military
Division of the Mississippi, with his ix)st at Saint Louis, where he exer-
cises a general supervision and control. He has received and
accounted for $981,822.27.
Bvt. Brig. G^en. Charles Thomas, assistant quartermaster-general,
has aided me in the management of the business of this office, hav-
ing charge of the finances and accounts of the office.
Bvt. Brig. Gren. William Myers, as chief assistant to General Robert
Allen in the Mississippi Valley, has been in charge of the depot at
Saint Louis. His responsibilities have been great and have been
met to the satisfaction and approbation of his senior officers. Gen-
eral Allen, in his report, speaks of him in the highest terms. He
reports the receipt and exjienditure or transfer of $49,871,975.35.
Bvt. Brig. Gen. Stewart Van Vliet has continued at New York in
chaise of the operations of the department at that important post.
His disbursements and transfers during the year have reached the
sum of $20,170,162.00.
Col. C. W. Moulton has been, during a portion of the fiscal year,
in charge of the clothing and equipage depot at Cincinnati. He reports
the receipt and expenditure of $31,287,324.49.
Bvt. Brig. Gen. George S. Dodge, chief quartermaster of the Army
of the James, accompanied the naval and military expedition which
reduced Fort Fisher, on the coast of North Carolina. He displayed
great energy and skill in disembarking upon an open coast men and
material for the siege and assault of that formidable work, and was
specially rewarded by brevet promotion for signal services on that
occasion. He has since been actively employed in extensive inspec-
tions, both North and South, which have been most efficiently per-
formed and have aided this department in enforcing great reductions
of expenditure. Ho is a most deserving officer.
Col. William W. McKim, for some time in charge of the depot of
Cincinnati, has been in charge of the depot at Philadelphia, including
the operations of the great depot of clothing and equipage at the
Schuylkill Arsenal, since the 15th of February last. He is a most
efficient and deserving officer. He reports an expenditure during the
year of $24,986,188.16.
The depot of Baltimore has been in charge of Col R. M. Newport
since the 24th of September, 18G4. In the earlier part of the fiscal year
220 COBBSSPOHDENCBy ETC.
it was under charge of Maj. C. W. Thomas, Qaartermaster's Dei»art*
ment. Colonel Newport's expenditures and transfers are reported at
$8,167,971.73.
Col. S. B. Holabird has continued on duty at New Orleans, where
his long experience and his business capacity have made his service
most valuable. He accompanied the army of Greneral Banks to Loui-
siana when that officer first assumed command in the Southwest, and
has always been zealous and successful in the discharge of the heavy
duties which have been imposed ni)on him. His receipts, transfers,
and expenditures during the year were $15,290,396.67.
Col. C. G. Sawtelle, as chief quartermaster of the command, first of
Greneral Canby, and lately of the troops and military division under
Major-General Sheridan, has rendered most valuable service. As
chief quartermaster of General Canby's army, he directed the oper-
ations of the quartermaster's department in the movements against
Mobile. After the fall of Mobile, and the assignment of Major-Gen-
eral Sheridan to command in the Southwest, he was attached to his
staff as chief quartermaster of the military division, and forwarded
the army which was sent from New Orleans to Texas, including the
later movements of the Twenty-fifth Army Corps, which, embarking
on the James, rendezvoused on the northern coast of the Gulf of
Mexico, before proceeding to Texas. He reports the receipt, trans-
fer, and expenditure during the fiscal year of $684,857.45.
The principal disbursements in the command to which he is attached
have been made by officers at depots.
The limits of this report will not permit me to notice here all the
officers of the department who have held important positions during
the extended operations of the last year of this most active and event-
ful war. I mention the names merely of some of the officers whose
merits have promoted them to most imx>ortant positions.
Lists of officers of the Quartermaster's Department who have served
as chief quartermasters of armies, of great territorial divisions, and
in charge of important depots, and of those who have been specially
noted in the records received at this office for good service, are
attached to this report.
The officers who have been my personal assistants in charge of the
several divisions of this office are noticed in referring to the branches
of the service in which they have had special control.
HORSES AND MULBS.
The purchase and supply of the animals of the Army pertains to
the First Division of this office, of which Bvt. Brig. Gen. James A.
Ekin, of the Quartermaster's Department, has charge. He reports:
Purchases of cavaby horses dnrine the year ending Jane 90, 1865 141 , 632
Total from January 1 , 1864, to May 9, 1865, at which time purchases ceased. 198, 888
Of artillery horses, from September 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865, purchases
having ceased May 9 20,714
Of mules, from July 1, 1864, to June 80, 1865, purchases having ceased
May 9 58,818
The earlier purchases of horses delivered in Washington at the
beginning of the war were at $125. Subsequently, for a time, horses
were delivered here as low as $100. The price gradually advanced
until the close of the war.
The prices of cavalry horses during the last fiscal year have varied
from : $144 to $185
Of artillery horses 161 to 185
Of mules 170 to 195
UNION AUTHORITIES. 221
Thei« have been sold at the depots since January 1, 1864, of cavalry
horses 40,070
There have died at these depots 88,277
Artillery horses reported as having died at the depots, September 1,
1854, to June 80, 1865 484
Males sold September 1,1864, to June 80, 1865 18,479
Died in depots in same time 7,886
The deaths rei)orted occurred at depots principally among animals
sent in from the field as broken down and unserviceable.
The destruction in the field was greater, probably nearly equaling
the number supplied by purchase and capture, as neither the trains
nor the cavalry of the armies have been materially increased during
the last year of the war, and the purchases have been almost entirely
to supply losses.
The issues of cavalry horses to the Army of the Shenandoah, actively
engaged under Major-General Sheridan, have been at the rate of
three remounts per annum. The service of a cavalry horse under an
enterprising commander has therefore averaged only four months.
Of the animals which are sent to the depots for recuperation about
60 per cent, recovered, and, becoming serviceable, have again been
issued.
SALES.
There hf>.ve been sold, so far as reported, to October 17, and since
May 8, 1865, and in accordance with Qeneral Orders, No. 28, of the
Quartermaster-G^nerars Office, dated May 8, 1865, 53,794 horses and
52,516 mules, for the sum of $6,107,618.14. It is probable that when
the full returns are received the total amount of sales from May 8 to
October 17 will prove to exceed $7,000,000.
With few exceptions these sales have been made by persons
employed at fixed daily rates by the Quartermaster's Department. In
a few cases officers who have failed to receive the general order of the
Quartermaster-General prescribing this mode of sale have employed
local auctioneers at various rates of compensation. The results in
most cases have been less satisfactory than when the sales have been
made in the first mode, and such sales have given rise to some com-
plaints of excessive fees. All the officers of the department now, it
is believed, have received General Orders, No. 42, Quartermaster-Gren-
eral's Office, 1865, and understand their duty in this respect.
Creneral Ekin names the officers who have acted under his orders in
the business of providing and disposing of animals of the Army, and
bears testimony to their good service, for which I respectfully refer
to his report, herewith.
He reports the expenditures of the fiscal year as follows:
Od hand July 1, 1864, and received during the fiscal year $8,501,078.84
Expended $8,719,070.18
Transferred to officers 4,295,968.72
8,015,088.85
Bemaining to hia credit Jxme 80, 1865 486,044.99
Estimates of onartermasters for purchase of horses, submitted to
and approvea by him dnring the year:
For horses 28,800,456.66
For mules 6,434,687.66
Total 80,086,094.88
222 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
CLAIMS FOR ANIMALS.
Under the law of July 4, 1864, 4,174 claims for animals have been
filed in the First Division of the Quartermaster-General's Office; of
these 2,792 have been acted on, leaving 1,382 not acted on. This
business is increasing rapidly.
General Ekin states, succinctly, some of the difficulties attending
just decisions upon these claims. Generally when the animals have
been taken by officers of this department, reference to the official
records shows that they have been properly reported and accounted for.
But when officers' papers have been captured by the enemy or
destroyed, and where the seizure has been made by officers not of the
Quartermaster's Department, as many of the officers have been dis-
charged from the service, it is difficult to communicate with them by
letter, and to ascertain whether the signatures and memorandum
receipts offered in evidence are true or forged. To arrive at certain
conclusions upon evidence entirely ex parley and without cross-exam-
ination, is impossible, and this department will be unable to arrive at
that conviction necessary to enable it to report many claims, some of
them no doubt just, without some further action. It ma3% after a
time, become expedient to create boards of officers to visit the locali-
ties in which most of these claims originate, and there take testimony
as to the facts, the truth of the documentary evidence presented, and
especially as to the loyalty of the claimants and witnesses. Judging
from the papers presented with these claims, there are few persons
unable to present certificates of loyalty.
Copies of the more important orders regulating the mode of pur-
chasing and disposing of public animals accompany this report.
They are the result of the experience gained during a great war, in
which the consumption of horses and mules has been very large.
The specifications have been amended from time to time as experience
has shown defects.
Under the system which these orders and regulations set forth the
Army has been well supplied with animals adapted to the military
service. The order, regularity, and abundance of supply, the cor-
rectness and clearness of the record of this branch of the service,
since the organization of the First Division of this office, are most
creditable to Bvt. Brig. Gen. James A. Ekin, who has been at its head.
CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE.
The clothing and equipage of the Army are provided by contract,
by purchase, and by manufacture at the several principal depots,
which during the fiscal year have been:
New York depot, under charge of Bvt. Brig. Gen. D. H. Vinton,
Quartermaster's Department.
Philadelphia depot, under charge, successively, of Bvt. Brig. Gen.
G. H. Crosman, Col. A. J. Perry, Col. and Bvt. Brig. Gen. H. Biggs,
and Col. W. W. McKim, who is still in charge.
Cincinnati depot, under charge of Bvt. Brig. Gen. Thomas Swords,
Col. C. W. Moulton, Col. W. W. McKim, who, on his transfer to Phil-
adelphia, was relieved by Col. C. W. Moulton.
Saint Louis depot, under charge of Bvt. Brig. Gren. William Myers,
Quartermaster's Department.
There are several branch depots established at points at which the
war had collected many destitute women, either of the families of ref u-
UNION AUTHORITIES.
223
gees or of soldiers, whom employment in making up army clothing
relieved from dependence upon public charity.
These depots were supplied with material from the three principal
depots of New York, Philadelphia, and Cincinnati, and their oper-
ations were confined to the making up of such material into garments.
Such depots are established at Quincy, HI., and Steuben ville, Ohio.
The quality of the clothing and equipment furnished to the Army
has been excellent; very few complaints of inferior quality have been
made, considering the immense quantity of material which has been
issued to the troops. The marches made from Atlanta to Savannah,
and from Savannah to Goldsborough, by armies which during their
marches had no opportunity to replace articles of equipment worn
out, are evidence of the good quality of the shoes and clothing with
which the Army is supplied.
Of the principal articles of clothing and equipage the following
quantities have been purchased and manufactured at the three prin-
cipal depots during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865:
Uniform coata 811,507
Uniform jackets 410,667
Uniform trouserB 8,468,858
Drawers 8,708,308
Shirts, flamiel 8,268,166
Greatcoats 878,280
Blankets:
Woolen 1,746,084
Waterproof 635,624
Canteens 1,163,347
Hospital tents 10,265
Wafl-tents 8,412
Wedge or conunon tents 1, 412
Shelter tents... 608,187
Bedsacks 10,610
Begimental colors 1,321
Camp colors 4, 167
National colors. . 760
Flags 4,185
The stock on hand ready for issue on the 30th of June, 1865, but not
transferred to the armies for issue, was:
Blonses 2,617,874
Shoes pairs.- 1,688,017
Boots do-.. 050,548
Stockings.. .do.-. 5,684,572
Hats 442,832
Caps 1,151,048
Knapsacks 058,287
Haversacks 1,066,647
Guidons 1,203
Picks 42,446
Axes 108,106
Spades and shovels 150,081
Hatchets 88,054
Mess-pans 160,206
Camp-kettles 73,805
Bugles 8,705
Drums 16,880
Fifes 1,400
Uniform coats 462,105
Uniform jackets 504,811
Uniform trousers _-. 1,185,234
Drawers 1,166,541
Shuts, flannel- 1,542,204
Greatcoats 020,725
Blankets:
Woolen _ 1,000,106
Waterproof 884,075
Blouses I,410,a50
Shoes pairs.. 1,582,156
Boots do... 485,082
Stockings do... 1,803,710
Hats 807,505
Caps 026,022
Axes 00,548
Spades and shovels 152,523
Hatchets 111,247
Hess-pans 864,086
Camp-kettles 106,417
Knapsacks 868, 578
Haversacks 522, 621
Canteens 845,200
Hospital tents 6,121
Wafl-tents 15,672
Wedge or common tents 53, 002
Shelter tents 701,254
Bedsacks 167,087
Regimental colors 780
Camp colors 7,270
National colors 600
Flags 7,607
Guidons 2, 030
Picks 103,228
Bugles 8,803
Trumpets 8,860
Drums 5,865
Fifes 11,747
For further details of the supply of clothing, camp and garrison
equipage, during the fiscal year, and during the whole war, I respect-
fully refer to the tables accompanying this report. They give infor-
mation as to the quantities of the various materials purchased, as well
224 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
as of the articles mannfactured therefrom, or purchased ready made,
in a compact form and with greater precision than is i)Ossible in this
narrative.
There have been purchased during the fiscal year —
Cloth and other materialfl to the value of $81,416,858.84
Clothing 70,087,282.20
Equipage 18,615.801.09
The expenditure for all objects relating to clothing and equipage,
including payment of rents, compensation to workmen, cferkB,
and others, at the principal depots, has been during the year end-
ing June 80, 1865 106,019,406.18
Two of the tables herewith give approximately the quantities of
material and of ready-made articles of clothing and equipage, which
the three principal depots have supplied during the war.
At the commencement of the war the department had but one
depot for the supply of clothing and equipage, the Schuylkill Arsenal,
at Philadelphia. This was organized for the equipment of an army
of 13,000 men. The material was purchased by contract from manu-
factories, and the clothing, shoes, Ac, were made up at the arsenal.
The sudden increase of the Army made it necessary to greatly
enlarge the operations of this depot and to establish new ones, and
also to accept the aid of State authorities in providing the clothing of
the numerous regiments of volunteers oi^anizing in every district in
the country. Eight thousand or 10,000 work-people were employed in
Philadelphia in the manufacture of clothing and equipage. The new
depots established at New York and Cincinnati went into operation
early in 1862, under energetic and able officers. Contracts were made
for the supply of clothing ready made. The manufacturers of the
loyal States were urged to turn their machinery upon army goods.
The clothing merchants who had before the war supplied the South-
ern markets made contracts with the department for the supply of
army clothing, and in a few months the industry and manufacturing
power of the country were turned into the new channel, and the diffi-
culties at first experienced in procuring a sufficient supply for the
immense army which sprang into being ceased.
The only domestic branch of manufacture which has not shown
capacity to supply the Army is that of blankets. The department has
been obliged throughout the war to use a considerable proportion of
army blankets of foreign manufacture.
The condition of the property stored at the Schuylkill Arsenal at
Philadelphia is a source of apprehension. About 120,000,000 of prop-
erty are in store there, and it is i*ecommended that alterations and
additions be made in the buildings, or within the walls, to enable the
department to remove much valuable property now stored in tempo-
rary sheds and exposed to danger from fire into proper fireproof
buildings.
The prices of clothing and equipage have constantly advanced dur-
ing the war. A table of the lowest and highest prices paid accom-
panies this report. It will be seen that toward the termination of the
war the prices of many important articles had more than doubled;
of some articles the price has quadrupled.
The Second Division of this office has charge of the provision and
distribution of clothing and equipage. It has been under the charge
of Col. A. J. Perry, of the Quartermaster's Department, who has in
this office had charge of this branch of its business since the com-
mencement of the war. He is an officer of rare merit, and I have taken
UNION AUTHORITIES. 225
occasion heretofore to ask that he receive promotion as a testimony
that his services have been recognized and appreciated by his country
as they are by the chief of this department.
Although in the active operations of the past four years, and espe-
cially during the unprecedented movements of the last year, very
heavy demands have been made upon this branch of the department,
it has been able to place the material needed at the right places and
at the right moment.
During the last year large armies have changed their bases. The
army of General Sherman from the Tennessee and Ohio to the Atlan-
tic Coast at Savannah; then again to the harbor of Beaufort, N. C,
seversd hundred miles distant. Yet at each of these new bases this
army, from 70, 000 to 100,000 strong, found the supplies for a complete
new outfit ready for issue. Most of the clothing and equipage for
this purpose was sent from New York. Details of the operation are
found elsewhere in this report.
So armies of 15,000 to 25,000 men have been during the past year
suddenly moved from the Tennessee to the Atlantic; from the Ten-
nessee to the Crulf Coast; from the James to the Rio Grande ; but from
none of these new fields and bases of operation, in the midst of these
sudden and gigantic movements, has the complaint been made of
suffering for want of any of the supplies which it is the duty of this
department to provide or to transport.
OCEAN TRANSPORTATION.
Col. George D. Wise, in charge of the Third Division of this office,
reports that during the first month of the fiscal year the office work
of the division — t£[it of ocean and lake transportation — ^was embar-
rassed by the absence of most of the clerks and officers, who were
called to active service in the field during the demonstration and
attack on the capital by the rebel army under Early and Breckinridge.
During this time, however, the necessary steamer transportation was
assembled at City Point and moved to Washington and Baltimore the
Sixth Army Corps in time to meet the advancing enem3'at the battles
of the Monocacy and the attack on Washington. The Nineteenth
Army Corps was also brought from the Chesapeake, where it was
arriving by sea from New Orleans, and reached Washington in tim»
to take part in the operations for its defense and in the pursuit of the
baffled enemy.
During the month of July, also, the army of Major-General Canby
was moved by sea from New Orleans to Mobile Bay, co-operating with
the navy in the reduction of the fortifications at its entrance.
From August to December no great movements of troops by sea
were made, but a large fleet was constantly employed in supplying
the armies before Richmond and the troops at the various stations
along the coast from the Chesapeake to New Orleans.
In the inclement month of December the approach of General Sher-
man's army to the coast required a large fleet to be employed in readi-
ness to supply and reflt that army after its long march from Atlanta.
Transports were disi>atched to Pensacola with supplies to await the
arrival of the troops, should unexpected opposition compel General
Sherman to change his course to the south.
The greater part of the stores intended for his use, however, were
sent direct to Port Royal Harbor, there to await his arrival at some
point on the coast of the Caroliuas or Georgia.
15 R R — SERIES in, VOL V
226 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
When he appeared in rear of Savannah, and capturing Fort McAl-
lister by a cotup de mairiy communicated with the naval squadron, the
transports were sent round to the mouths of the Ogeechee and Savan-
nah Rivers, and light-draft steamers, fitted for river and bay service,
which had been dispatched upon the first news of his approach,
arrived in time to transfer to the river landings the clothing, camp
and garrison equipage, quartermaster's stores, and forage and pro-
visions which had been of necessity sent in seagoing vessels, both
sail and steam, and which were of too heavy draft to enter the Ogee-
chee or pass through the opening first made in the artificial obstruc-
tions of the Savannah.
The army was quickly reclothed, reshod, and refitted; its wagons
filled with rations and forage.
A large portion of the anny was transferred by steamers from the
Savannah to Beaufort, S. C, or Port Royal Harbor, at which place
the vessels of heavy draft could land their sliores without the labor of
transshipment.
After a short and much-needed rest, the army, re-equipi)ed, left the
coast, and the transports and fleet of light-draft steamers repaired to
the harbor of Morehead City, where they awaited the arrival of the
troops, who, after a march of 500 miles through a hostile country,
withoiit communication with their base of supplies, depending solely
upon the stores in their wagons and the resources of the enemy's
country for their subsistence, were ceitain to arrive in a condition to
require an entire renewal of their clothing and shoes and a new
supply of provisions.
When I parted with General Sherman at Savannah on the 19th of
January he told me to look out for him at Kinston, and also to be
prepared for him lower down the coast should the rebel Army of Vir-
ginia, abandoning Richmond, unite with the troops in the Carolinas
and succeed in preventing his passage of the Santee.
During the month of December, also, an expedition was embarked
at City Point and Fortress Monroe,* which made an unsuccessful
attempt, in co-operation with the navy, upon Fort Fisher, at the mouth
of Cape Fear River. The troops failing to attack were re-embarked
and returned to Hampton Roads. The transportation by sea, the
landing and return, were successfully performed.
In January the expedition was re-embarked with a larger force and
successfully landed above Fort Fisher, which place, with the aid of a
naval bombardment unexampled in severity, they carried by assault.
The troops of the Twenty-third Army Corps, under General Scho-
field, having borne their part in the campaign in Georgia and Tennes-
see, after the battle of Nashville, which took place on the 16th and
16th of December, and the termination of the pursuit of the rebel
army on tlie Tennessee, were moved by rail and river to Washington
and Baltimore, where, amid many difficulties from the severity of the
season, ice entirely suspending for a time the navigation of the Poto-
mac, they were embarked on ocean steamers and dispatched to the
Cape Fear River and to Beaufort, N. C, to move, in co-operation with
the victors of Fort Fisher, upon Wilmington and Kinston, N. C.
In anticipation of the arrival of General Sherman's army, I had
ordered to Savannah a portion of the Military Railroad Construction
Corps. Two divisions of the corps, as organized, with tools and mate-
rials and officers, were brought from Nashville to Baltimore by rail-
road. At Baltimore they were re-enforced and embarked on ocean
steamers and were promptly at the rendezvous.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 227
As the army moved, however, without depending npon railroad
communication, destroying instead of repairing railroads in its
march, the Construction Corps was transferred to Wilmington and
Beaufort Harbor, and the railroads which, starting from Wilmington
and Morehead City, meet at Goldsborough were repaired and stocked
with engines and cars, either captured or sent from the North.
Two hundred miles of railrcMul were thus repaired and stocked
under the protection of the troops of Grenerals Schofield and Terry;
and when, after the battle of Bentonville, the Right Wing of General
Sherman's army, under Howard, marched into Goldsborough, on the
22d of March, ragged from their struggles with the thickets and
swamps, and blackened by the smoke of the burning forests of Caro-
lina, they met these railroad trains from the Atlantic loaded with
three days' rations for their immediate wants. I met. General Sher-
man at Morehead City on the 25th of March, when he advised me that
he desired to move again on the 10th of April.
This army of nearly 100,000 men needed to be entirely reclad and
reshod; the troops were to be fed while resting, for as soon as the
army ceased its march it ceased to supply itself by foraging, and
depended upon the supplies from the coast. Nevertheless, on the
7th of April I was able to inform General Sherman that the necessary
supplies were in his camps.
Every soldier had received a complete outfit of clothing and had
been newly shod. The wagons were loaded with rations and forage,
and each of the 3,000 wagons, whose canvas covers had been torn on
the march from Chattanooga, was supplied with a new cover. The
army moved on the appointed day against the enemy, interposing
between it and the Army of the Potomac, then holding the principal
rebel army fast behind the lines of Richmond.
A tug-boat of this department, under the command of Captain
Ainsworth, had reached FayetteviUe by the Capo Fear River on the
12th of March, and first bore greeting to the Army of the West from
their comrades whom they had left on the banks of the Tennessee,
and who, joined with others of the Army of the Potomac, were then
forcing a communication with them from the new base which they
sought on the Atlantic Coast.
l^e demands upon the department at this time compelled it to
take into its service not only the fieet which it had gradually acquired
by purchase, but nearly every new steam vessel that had been built
in the United States to navigate the ocean.
A fleet of powerful propellers, vessels of 900 to 1,100 tons, swift
and staunch, burning twelve to sixteen tons of coal per day, w^ith a
speed of eight to ten knots, had been created during the war, and
nearly the whole of them were at this time in the service of the
department.
Large sailing ships were also employed, loaded with forage and sub-
sistence, and compelled to anchor on the exposed coast of Carolina,
where they rode out the winter storms.
A large quantity of railroad engines and cars were shipped to
Beaufort Harbor for the railroads in North Carolina, most of which
were on the termination of hostilities sent to the James River to be
sold.
To aid in the rapid supply of General Sherman wh>le at Golds-
borough and relieve the railroad, and also to enable the department
to supply him at Winton by the shallow waters of North Carolina in
his northern inarch, a large number of canal-boats and barges was
228 COBREBPONDENCE, ETC.
sent to New Berne. Some of them were used in the Trent River carry-
ing supplies to Kinston bridge, but the greater part of them were
released from service by the surrender of the rebel armies and have
been returned to the Chesapeake and to their owners or sold.
In all the active movements by sea during the fiscal year, employ-
ing a fleet in which nearly all the seagoing steamers of the country
have been employed, but three vessel^ have been lost while in the
service of this department.
The North America, a chartered side-wheel steamer of the first
class, perfectly new, went down in a gale off Cape Hatteras, the Gen-
eral Lyon was burned, and the Admiral Du Pont was run down at sea.
After the surrender of the rebel armies orders were given to dis-
charge all the chartered steamers and to sell those which were the
property of the department as fast as they could be spared. Very
heavy movements, however, ordered before much progress in the
reduction was made, have delayed the discharge and sale of some of
the transports.
In Maj' the Twenty-fifth Army Corps was ordered from City Point
to Texas. The corps numbered about 25,000 men, with artillery and
baggage. Its guns, ambulances, wagons, and harness, subsistence
and ammunition, went with it. About 2,000 horses, and mules also
accompanied it. The greater part of its artillery, cavalry, and team
horses were left behind. This movement required a fleet of fifty-seven
ocean steamers, one of which made two voyages. The entire tonnage
of the fleet was 56,987 tons. The vessels were all provided for a
twelve-days' voyage, consuming 947 tons of coal and 50,000 gallons
of water daily. The daily expense of this fleet amounted to $33,311.
The vessels were fitted with bunks for the troops, and with stalls for
2,139 horses and mules, which formed part of the expedition. The
vessels were all rigidly inspected before sailing, and all reached their
destination in safety. No accident to any of them has been reported.
A list of the vessels accompanies this report.
While this expedition of 25,000 troops was afloat another, of 7,000
troops, was sent by sea from Washington to Savannah, and 3,000
rebel prisoners were sent from Point Lookout, on the Chesapeake, to
Mobile. Besides this large numbers of convalescent and discharged
men were then returning from the Southern ports, and recruits were
forwarded to the regiments on the coast.
There were, therefore, more than 30,000 troops and prisoners afloat
upon the ocean in steam transports at the same time.
The last annual report of this department gives information as to
the army transport fleet owned and employed on the 15th of October,
1864.
This list omitted to give the names of the Western river st-eamers,
of which the department then owned a large number.
There were in the employment of the department of ocean and lake
transportation, in the spring of 1865, owned by the department —
steamers, 106; steam-tugs, 29; sailing vessels, 15; barges, 21; total,
171 vessels, with a tonnage of 49,358 tons. The department also had
under charter at that time — steamers, 275; tugs, 91; sailing vessels,
75; barges, 171; w^ith a tonnage of 191,149 tons.
Total number of vessels employed, 783; tonnage, 240,507 tons.
Average daily expense of this fleet, $97,500.
On the Ist of July, 1865, the fleet owned consisted of — steamers,
115; tugs, 23; sail- vessels, 12; barges, 20; tonnage, 55,496 tons.
UNION AUTHOBITIBS. 229
The chartered fleet consisted of — steamers, 177; tugs, 69; sail-
vessels, 74; barges, 100; tonnage, 138,440 tons.
Total number of vessels, 590; tonnage, 193,936 tons; daily cost,
$82,400.
During the fiscal year the average size of the transport fleet
StMinera ....
Hteam-tegs-.
Soil-TeMttU..
BargM
Total..
851
111
89
168
171,061
13,2a
17,rj8
22,003
719
224,984
Its average daily cost was $92,414.
The report of Colonel Wise, who is in charge of this branch of the
Qnartermaster-Generars Office, contains some important observations
upon the Construction and management of steam ocean transports.
At the beginning of the war the department was Imposed upon.
Officers and agents had little experience, and inferior vessels were
sometimes chartered, and excessive prices were paid for steamers
chartered from the regular trade, not then entirely and hopelessly
broken up by the war.
Stringent measures of reform were adopt>ed ; a scale of prices for the
different classes of vessels was fixed by the order of the Quarter-
master-General. The examination and audit of all accounts for
charter of vessels was brought to this office. All charters contained
provisions to enable the United States to purchase the vessels at a
reasonable price, provided that should prove advantageous, and
system, order, and regularity were introduced into the service.
This branch of the service, on the reorganization of this office under
the law of the 4th of July, 1864, was assigned to the Third Division
of the office, under the direction of Col. G. D. Wise. The safety^
efficiency, dispatch, and punctuality with which its affairs liave been
conducted do him high honor.
At one time 40,000 men have been afloat. The fleet has averaged
719 vessels of all classes, with a burden of 225,000 tons. But three
vessels have been lost during the year, though the greatest and most
important movements were made during the inclement months of the
winter — from January to May.
Very full tables which accompany this report give details in refer-
ence to the transport fleet and the operations of the department upon
the ocean and upon the waters of the coast.
RAIL AND RIVER TRANSPORTATION.
The service of 'transportation upon the Western rivera has been
under the direction of the Fourth Division of this office.
Col. L. B. Parsons, who had been placed in charge of the Western
river transportation in 1863, just before the preparations for the cam-
paign of Atlanta commenced, was upon the organization of the
division of rail and river transportation in this office called to its
head. He has conducted the service with great efficiency, and econ-
omy. Of some of the more important movements his report gives
280 CORRBSPONDBNCB, ETC.
detaib. When he took charge of this service the Mississippi had
been opened and the merchants of the West were in condition to
establish lines of steamers to all parts of its navigable waters. The
S3rstem of time-charter of steamers was as fast as possible abandoned,
and contracts were made on public advertisement with the lowest
responsible bidders to move the stores of the department at fixed
rates per pound. The rapid accumulation at Na6hville and at other
points of supplies, which enabled General Sherman to move success-
fully into Georgia, have been detailed in the last annual report of
this office.
WESTERN RIVER TRANSPORTATION.
In the course of the war a considerable fleet of river steamers and
other vessels had become the property of the department upon the
Mississippi and its tributaries, by purchase, by construction, or by
capture. A list of the steamers accompanies the report. It contains
the names of —
Side-wheel steamers 84
Stem-wheel steamers •. 87
Center-wheel steamers 8
Perry-boats 1
Screw-togs 16
Total steam-boats 91
Of other vessels the department owned upon those rivers —
Steam-boat htOls 2
Model barges '. _ . 74
Gmiwale barges 226
Small wood barges 26
Box barges : 3
•^ ( not classified 23
Total barges 352
Wharf-boats '. 18
Canal-boats : 3
Coal-boats 60
Yawl-boats i 56
Sail-boats 1
MetaUic boats 1
Total boats 189
Skiffs 9
Sectional docks 3
Smallflats 2
Floatingdocks 1
Total boats and barg^ of all kinds 509
Nearly all of these have been advertised for sale. Those which
have been constructed or purchased by the department have been or
will be sold. Those which have been captured or seized will be
turned over to the Treasury Department, to be disposed of under the
law, or will be returned to their original owners, if pardoned, and, if
so ordered, upon full consideration of their claims.
RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION.
The agreement made early in the war with a convention of railroad
companies has continued in force through all the changes in values
which the war has brought. The railroad officers have responded to
UNION AUTHORITIES. 281
every demand of the transportation department of the Government,
and by their cordial co-oi>eration with the officers of the Quartermas-
ter's Department have made these great movements of troops easy of
execution and unexampled in dispatch.
To Brig. Gen. L. B. Parsons, who has been in charge of the Fourth
Division of this office, and to Bvt. Col. Alexander Bliss, his assistant,
and frequently, in his absence, in charge of the office, and the officers
at the various posts and depots, charg^ with the duty of transporta-
tion, great credit is due for the safety, order, and speed with which
this immense business has been conducted.
There have been filed in the office of the Fourth Division since its
organization 442 claims, amounting to $268,545.02; 202 have been
allowed, amounting to $68,712.34; 92 have been referred to the Third
Auditor or to disbursing officers for examination and settlement,
amounting to $87,462.30; 99 have been rejected, amounting to
$60,138.34; 48 await action, amounting to $16,891.04; 1 has been
withdrawn, amounting to $5,341.
From the imperfect reports yet received at the office of the Fourth
Division the number of passages granted to prisoners and refugees
who have been transported by the division during the fiscal year is
356,541, costing over $1,300,000.
General Schofield's movement from Clifton, on the Tennessee, by
the Tennessee River, the Ohio, and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad,
to the Potomac, and thence to the coast of North Carolina, was accom-
plished in the midst of a very severe winter, during which the navi-
gation of the Ohio and the Potomac was at times interrupted by ice.
Within five days after the movement was decided on in Washington
the troops upon the Tennessee, nearly 1,400 miles distant, were
embarking. The movement to Washington occupied an average time
of only eleven days. It took place during the month of January.
The special report of Colonel Parsons, of the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment, who was dispatched by the War Department to attend to it
personally, accompanies this report; it is an interesting detail of
the difficulties overcome, and of the success with which they were
surmounted.
On the conclusion of the campaign in Tennessee, while the Twenty-
third Corps, under General Schofield, was ordered across the Allegha-
ni«3, by Washington, to the coast of North Carolina, to co-operate
with C^eneral Sherman, the Sixteenth Corps, under Maj. Gen. A. J.
Smith, was ordered to New Orleans to co-operate with General Canby
in the reduction of Mobile. A fieet of forty steamers was promptly
assembled at Eastport, on the Tennessee, below the Muscle Shoals.
The entire command, including a brigade of artillery and the Seventh
Division of the Cavalry Corps, was embarked on the fieet. It consisted
of 17,314 men, 1,038 horses, 2,371 mules, 351 wagons, 83 ambulances.
The embarkation began on the 5th of February, 1865, and was com-
pleted on the 8th. The fieet sailed on the 9th, and the command
arrived at New Orleans on the 23d, having been moved in thirteen
days 1,330 miles.
DISPERSION OF THE ARMIES CONCENTRATED AT WASHINGTON.
The armies of the West and of the Potomac, after the fall of Rich-
mond and the surrender of the eastern rebel armies, marched through
Washington, were reviewed by the President and Cabinet, and
encamping upon the heights surrounding the capital, prepared for
their final dispersion and disbandment.
232 COBRE8PONDENCE, ETC.
Daring the forty days between the 27th of May and the 6th of July
233,200 men, 12,838 horses, and 4,300,850 pounds of baggage were
moved from Washington by the Washington Branch Railroad to the
Relay House, where a large portion of them turned westward. The
i-emainder passed through Baltimore, dividing at that city into two
streams, one of which moved north through Harrisburg, the other
northeast through Philadelphia.
The general instructions of the Quartermaster-General, preparing
for this movement, will be found among the papers attached to this
report. They designate the routes and prescribe certain precautions
and preparations for the comfort and safety of the troops moving by
rail.
Of the troops there were returning home for discharge from service
161,403 men, with 4,630 horses, and 1,828,450 pounds baggage, dis-
tributed as follows:
To the Northeastern States, 28,803 men, 1,307 horses, 287,000 pounds
baggage.
To the Middle States, 100,309 men, 2,323 horses, 907,000 pounds
baggage.
To the Western States, 32,291 men, 1,000 horses, 634,450 pounds
baggage.
The Army of the Tennessee, ordered to move to Louisville, from
which place they were, in a few weeks, sent to their homes for dis-
charge from service, 60,904 men, 2,657 horses, 2,424,000 pounds
baggage.
Cavalry ordered West for active service, 10,893 men, 5,757 horses,
308,000 pounds baggage.
Total number in forty days, over the Washington Branch Railroad
and the various railroads diverging from the Relay House and from
Baltimore, 233,200 men, 12,838 horses, and 4,300,850 pounds baggage.
The Army of the Tennessee, the troops ordered West for active
service, and a portion of those ordered to their Western homes for
discharge, passed over the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to Parkers-
burg, its western terminus, on the Ohio River, where boats were pro-
vided for their march to Louisville, Lawrenceburg, Camp Dennison,
and Cincinnati. Between May 27 and July 6, within forty days, dur-
ing twelve of which no troops arrived at Parkersburg from Washing-
ton, there were moved from that place :
To—
Men.
HoraM.
LoniBTiUe
78.450
7,082
8,424
1.479
1.861
5.855
Saint Lonis
8,314
153
Camp DenniaoD, Ohio
29
ClneiDDftti -
545
Total
96.796
9 896
In this movement by water ninety-two steam-boats were employed
an average of seventeen days and a fraction for each boat, at an aver-
age compensation of $175 per day each. Each boat consumed on an
average 200 bushels of coal per day.
The total service of all the boats was 1,601 days, costing for charter
$280,175, and consuming 320,200 bushels of bituminous coal, $48,030.
Total cost of transportation from Parkersburg by water to various
points on the Ohio and to Saint Louis of 96,796 men and 9,896 horses,
$328,205.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 233
The same movement if performed by railroad, at the reduced rates
at which the railroads serve the Government, would have cost $746,964.
Thus 96,000 men and 10,000 horses were, in the short space of forty
days, moved from Washington, on the Potomac, across the Alleghanies
and, descending the Ohio and ascending the Mississippi, were placed
in the several positions to which they had been ordered.
During these same forty days 233,000 men in all were moved by
railroad from Washington, 96,000 of them to the posts above named;
the others were distributed to every hamlet and village of the States
north of the Potomac and Ohio Rivers, and restored to their homes,
the labor of war over, to return to the pursuits of peaceful industry
which they had left at the call of their country in her hour of need.
In all these movements there have been few accidents, and the
safety and economy of the service are not less noticeable than its
speed.
Had the armies marched to their several places of destination the
pay of the men, the subsistence of men and animals, the maintenance
of the immense trains which would have accompanied them, consider-
ing the time which the march would have consumed, would have far
exceeded the cost of this rapid movement by rail and river.
It is understood that since the close of the war 800,000 men have
been safely brought back from the rebellious districts, transported by
this depaii^ment to the several camps of discharge established in every
loyal State, and finally sent to their homes.* Many of these men came
from Texas and the Gulf Coast; others from the territories of all the
lately rebellious States.
Such a movement is unexampled. It illustrates the resources of
the countiy for the oi)erations of war, and the great advantages it
possesses in its system of navigable rivers and its 40,000 miles of
railroads.
MILITARY RAILROADS.
In the winter of 1863, when the rebel armies were driven back from
Chattanooga, the immediate repair and almost total i*econstruction of
the track of the railway from Nashville to Chattanooga became an
imperative necessity.
The i)ositions taken up by the trooi)s along the line of the Tennes-
see River, for the winter, required for their supply that the railroads
from Nashville to Decatur, and from Decatur to beyond Knoxville,
should also be repaired and equipped. Bridges were rebuilt; new
and heavier iron was laid down upon the road from Nashville to
Chattanooga; locomotives and cars in gi*eat numbers were manufac-
tured at the North and transported to the scene of active operations.
As the Louisville and Nashville Railroad proved insufficient for the
heavy traffic thrown upon it, and was sometimes cut by guerrillas, the
Nashville and Northwestern Railroad, from NashvUle to Johnson ville,
on the Tennessee River, was repaired, completed, and opened to trade.
This afforded a new avenue by which the products of the Northwest
were transported to the base of operations at Nashville, the Tennes-
see River being navigable for light-draft boats from the Ohio to
Johnsonville.
Seventeen hundred and sixty-nine miles of military railways were
at one time rei)aired, maintained, stocked, and operated by the agents
of this department, under the energetic supervision of Bvt. Brig. Gen.
D. C. McCallum, general manager of military railways of the United
States.
284 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
In the repair of so many miles of railway great quantities of iron,
burned and twisted by the contending forces, both of which, on occa-
sion, destroyed raibx)ad8 which they were obliged to abandon, came
into our possession.
To make this iron serviceable in the repair of the railroads toward
Atlanta and to the Gulf, should the same stubborn resistance be offered
beyond Atlanta as was met with on the advance to that place, I directed
the completion of an unfinished rolling-mill captured at Chattanooga.
For local military reasons Major-General Thomas required that the
mill should be constructed within the intrenchment of the city of Chat-
tanooga, instead of on the foundations of the mill, some two miles
from that town. A rolling-mill capable of rerolling fifty tons of rail-
road iron per day was constructed and put in operation. It Utilized
a large quantity of iron taken from the lines of Southern railroads,
and was of important aid in restoring the railroad communication
between Chattanooga and Atlanta, broken up by order of Greneral
Sherman when, in the fall of 1864, he destroyed the latter city and
set forth on his adventurous march to the sea.
The termination of the war having relieved the War Department
of the duty of repairs and reconstruction of railroads, this rolling-
mill was advertised and sold at a satisfactory price. It will be of
great advantage to the Southwestern railroads, on all of which the
iron is much worn by constant use during the war, with little means
of renewal.
Most of their iron will require rerolling, and this mill is now in full
operation upon the work.
General McCallum reports 1,769 miles of railroad as operated dur-
ing the fiscal year, with an equipment of 365 engines and 4,203 cars
either in use or in reserve, and an expenditure of $22,000,000. His
report is among the papers submitted herewith.
The force employed in the repair, construction, and operation of
the military railways has been very large. A table herewith shows
the strength at several different periods. In April, 1865, the number
employed in this branch of the service was 23,533.
TRANSFER OF MILITARY RAILROADS.
As soon as the surrender of the rebel armies and the cessation of
hostilities made it possible, efforts were made to induce the railroad
companies of the rebellious territories to reoi^anize by the election of
loyal directors and managers, and to resume the charge of the lines
which had fallen into the hands of this department and been repaired
and used for the supply of our armies.
At this date nearly all the roads have been transferred, either to the
presidents and directors or to boards of public works of the States in
which they are situated. In the Atlantic States the policy pursued
has been to deliver up the roads in whatever condition they were left
by the fortune of war at the moment of transfer.
Questions of ownership, claims to material of the road tracks trans-
ferred either by rebel or by U. S. authority from one road to another,
are left for decision of the courts. The United States merely retires,
leaving the lawful owners to resume their property. Such material
as had been collected for repair or construction and not used, and
such as was in depot, has been sold to the companies at a fair valua-
tion, and upon credit of greater or less extent, as circumstances
seemed to require.
XmiON AUTHOBITIEB. 235
The department does not propose to charge the railroads for expend!-
tares or repairs, or for materials actually used on the roads; nor
does it propose to allow any charge against it for the use and profits
of the roads while occupied as military routes, nor for damages done
by its troops or agents under the pressure of military operations.
A railroad is an engine of war more powerful than a battery of
artillery, subject to capture and to use; and there is, it would seem,
as little reason for paying damages or rent for its occupation and use
as there would be for a captured battery.
The rolling-stock and movable machinery have been hired to the
railroads desiring their use until arrangements could be made for a
sale. Most of that collected in the Atlantic States has at this date
been disposed of at public auction, either for cash or in payment of
debts for transportation due by the department to railroads.
In the Southwest the rolling-stock belonging to the United States,
some 220 engines and 3,000 cars, was all of the wide gauge, fitted for
the Southern roads. It could not be used without expensive altera-
tions upon the Northern railroads, and these could not be expected,
therefore, to purchase it at prices approaching its value.
The railroads and the territory of the Southwest were too much
impoverished by the events of the unsuccessful rebellion to be able
to purchase for cash the rolling-stock and machinery which had cost
this department several millions of dollars.
The reconstruction of the Southwestern railroads and their oper-
ation were of the greatest importance to the pacification, restoration,
and prosperity of the country, and on the 8th of August an Executive
order was issued prescribing the terms upon which these railroads
should be restored to their lawful owners.
Difficulties having arisen in carrying this into full effect, additional
orders were issued on the 14th of October, 1865.
Under these orders the railroads and the railroad property of the
department in the Southwest are being disposed of. Copies of the
orders, as published by this department for the information and guid-
ance of its officers, accompany this report; they are General Orders
of the War Department, No. 276, 1863, and Quartermaster-Generars
Office^ Nos. 56 and 62, 1865.
This branch of the service has been a very costly one, but its expendi-
tures have accomplished their objects. They have supplied our armies,
and have enabled them to move and accomplish in weeks what with-
out them would have required years, or would have been impossible.
Of the skill and ability of General D. C. McOallum, director and
general manager of the U. S. Military Railroads, and of the able body
of engineers, superintendents, and assistants, who have enabled the
department to repair, to build, and to manage the railroads during
these great operations, it is impossible to speak too highly.
The commanding generals of armies as well as the Quartermaster-
General recognize their courage and devotion, their services, and their
merits.
TELEGRAPH.
The Military Telegraph has continued to be a most important instru-
ment in the conduct of military operations. Its officers^ have shown
the same fidelity and devotion as in former years.
Col. Anson Stager has been chief of the Military Telegraph, and
Maj. Thomas T. Eckert, assistant quartermaster, has been assistant
236 COBBE8PONDBNCE, ETC.
saperintendent, on daty at the War Department, and in charge of all
telegraph lines in the Departments of the Potomac, Virginia, North
Carolina, and the Sonth.
The f nnds for the support of the Military Telegraph are famished
from the appropriations of the Quartermaster's Department, and are
disbursed under the direction of the chief of Military Telegraphs,
whose reports, with those of his assistants, are submitted herewith.
The duties of these officers have brought them more directly under
the notice of the Secretary of War than of the Quartermaster-Oeneral,
and their merits are well known to the War Department.
Expenditures during the year were $300,000 for material and sup-
plies, of which about $130,000 was expended for purchase of 285 miles
of submarine telegraph cable for use in case of necessity upon the
coast and bays. The greater part of this is still on hand.
Referring to Colonel Stager's report, herewith, it appears that the
estimated cost of supplying and maintaining and operating military
lines now in use is $75,000 per month:
Military telegraph i& operation July 1, 1864
Couatrncted diuing the yeer
Total in operation daring the flacal year ending Jane 80, 1885..
Taken down or abandoned daring the year
Total In operation June 80, 1866
Land.
4.M6i
8.2011
2,048
fi>lfi2|
Sab-
marine.
JTiiM.
1214
754
Aggro
gate.
JTilw.
8.3S3i
0,228
During the rebellion there have been constructed and operated
about 15,000 miles of military telegraph.
The cost of the Military Telegraph from May 1, 1861, to December
1, 1862, was about $22,000 per month.
During the year 1863 it averaged $38,500 per month.
In 1864 the telegraph was greatly extended, and the cost reached
$93,500 per month.
The total expenditure during the year ending June 30, 1865, has
been $1,360,000.
The total expenditure from May 1, 1861, to June 30, 1865, $2,655,500.
Upon the fall of the rebellion the telegraph lines throughout the
South were taken possession of by the Government. The telegraph
companies were called upon to repair their lines and put them in
good working order, furnishing all labor and material therefor, the
United States to be at no outlay beyond the expense of maintaining
purely military lines and military stations. An account of Govern-
ment business is kept, subject to future consideration or settlement.
FOBAQB, FUEL, AND REQUIiAR SUPPLIES.
From the records in this office it appears that the armies in the
field required, under the organization prevailing during the third
year of the war, for the use of cavalry, artillery, and for the trains,
one-half as many horses and mules as they contained soldiers.
The full ration of forage for a horse is fourteen pounds of hay and
twelve pounds of grain daily, twenty-six pounds in all. The gross
weight of a man's ration of subsistence is three pounds; the forage
for an army therefore weighs, when full rations are supplied, about
UKION AUTHORITIES. 237
four and a half times as much as the subsistence stores. The forage,
probably, exceeds the subsistence as much in bulk as in weight.
With armies marching in the field, the forage is in great part gath-
ered along the line of march.
Thus the* army of General Sherman, on its march through the
Southern States, supplied itself with abundant forage. The moment
that the army halted, as at Savannah and at Gk)]dsborough, large
shipments of grain and hay were necessary to keep the animals alive.
So the army which ox)erated in the vicinity of Nashville, and Gen-
eral Sherman's aimy during its slow progress from Nashville [Chat-
tanooga?] to Atlanta, and during the siege of that city, drew immense
quantities of grain and hay from the Ohio River at vast expense.
The armies operating against Richmond during the past fiscal year
occupied a fixed position in the lines of their fortified camps, and
drew all their supplies from the North by sea.
The animals of the Army have been well supplied throughout the
year, notwithstanding the extent of the territory over which they have
been scattered, and the sudden and great changes of base, and con-
sequently of lines of supply.
When General Sherman's army reached Savannah, and before the
opening of the obstructed channels leading to that city permitted the
approach of the fleet which had been dispatched to Port Royal, laden
with forage and other stores, there was for a short time a scarcity of
forage. The rice straw and rice which alone the country about
Savannah furnished were soon consumed, and I am informed that
some artillery horses perished. But the opening of the river soon
enabled the department to deliver ample supplies, and his army
moved north with abundance of animals and of food.
Col. S. L. Brown was placed in charge of the purchase and supply
of forage to the armies on the Atlantic Coast in December, 1863, and
upon the organization of the Fifth Division of this of^ce was trans-
ferred to its head. His administration has been successful, and his
reports record a business of magnitude and importance seldom
equaled. Between the 8th of December, 1862, and the 30th of June,
1865, he purchased and shipped to the depots and armies 2,787,758
bushels of com, 20,997,289 bushels of oats, 43,311 bushels of barley,
269,814 tons of hay, 8.243 tons of straw; the cost of which was
$31,308,563.98. The grain was purchased at certain points, under the
direction of Colonel Brown, and transported to Portland, Boston,
New York, and Philadelphia by rail, canal, river, and lake, making
8,567 car-loads, 560 barge-loads by canal, and 49 schooner, 29 bark,
and 20 propeller cargoes on the lakes. The hay, purchased upon the
line of railroad, was transported to the coast in 5,555 car-loads. The
whole was reshipped from the above-named ports to the depots of the
armies on the coast in 2,570 cargoes. The freight paid to these ves-
sels was $2,576,152.14.
Daily reports' from the depots of the various armies, when daily
mail or telegraphic communication was open, have been required,
and have kept this office advised of the state of supply. Contracts
made at a distance have been subjected to a careful examination by
Colonel Brown himself, and every effort made to correct and prevent
extravagance and fraud, both in the purchase and consumption of
forage.
The loss by wastage, fire, and the perils of the sea upon shipments
of forage amounting to $25,000,000, has been less than seven-eighths of
one per cent. — about eighty-three hundredths of one per cent. That
238
GOBBEBPONDENCB, ETC.
there has been waste is undeniable; but in the handling of 30,000,000
bushels of grain, and its daily distribution to the manger or nose-bag
of every horse or mule in the public service, over a country of 2,000
miles in width, this was unavoidable.
The abstracts with the report of the Fifth Division show, as approxi-
mate results, that during the fiscal year there have been supplied to
the Army:
Articles.
Qosntity.
Valoe.
Com
bvttaela..
5.M2,878
38,784.880
48,811
407, 7M
10,666
146
614
$8,568,M
88.794.880
64,867
18.048.568
Oftto
do
Barlev
do....
H»y
, tons..
8tiiw
ilo
S18,800
810
Feed
do
Foddor
do....
804
1
Forage
4S, 681. 584
Fuel for the troops has, generally, in the field, been cut by them-
selves. At positions held for some time and not in the enemy's terri-
tory, it is supplied by contract, the labor of troops being employed in
different degrees, according as the exigencies of military duty, in the
view of commanding generals, will permit.
Fuel for steam-vessels is procured by contract, principally at
Philadelphia and Pittsburg.
The reports in the Fifth Division show an aggregate of supplies of
fuel during the fiscal year of —
Fael.
Quantity. |
Value.
Wood
cords..
336,160
882.452
81.680,840
Coal
iona.
8,824.580
These numbers, however, are imperfect and subject, probably, to
important increase upon a complete exitmination and analysis of the
records and reports and accounts of officers.
The reports from the depot of Washington show the issue during
the war of—
Com boBhels.. 4,500,000
Oats do.-.. 29,000,000
Hay tonfl.. 400.000
Straw do 15,000
Coal do.... 802,000
Wood cords.. 210,000
Capt. E. D. Chapman, forage officer at Saint Louis, reports the
purchase of forage at that depot during the war of—
Com buflhela.. 8,847,480
Gate - do.... 17,408,778
Hay tons.- 218,216
Straw do.... 8,206
But I am of opinion that there have been many purchases of which
Captain Chapman cannot have knowledge, and that the quantity
actually purchased at that dei>ot is considerably greater than above
stated.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 239
Imx>erfect aniilyses of contracts and reports in this office indicate
a supply of forage during the war exceeding —
ArtlclM.
Quantity.
Valae.
Corn bnsheU..
OaU do...,
Haj tout..
Sfeimw do...,
Total mtimatfld ooat of rorace dnring the war, ao far as asoartained
from raporta analysed in tbla office.
22,810,271
78,683,799
1.518.621
21.276
$29,879,814
78,862,090
48,096,872
485.580
150,90SI.782
Bat vast quantities of forage were purchased and issued at remote
or subordinate posts, the accounts of which cannot be made up without
a complete analysis of the vouchers of disbursing officers. Much was
purchased or taken on the march by officers subsequently killed or dis-
abled, or by officers not reporting to this department. For much of
this memorandum receipts were given; and these are among the
claims continually reaching this office under the law of July 4, 1864.
The total quantity of fuel reported as furnished is —
1 Quantity.
Valoe.
Wood
copde
551.138 '
1.080.910.
(2, 757. 160
Coal
tone..
13,777.785
The wood was generally used near the place of purchase. The coal
has been transported, at the expense of the department, from the
market in which it was purchased to all the Atlantic, Gulf, and
Western river ports between Saint Louis and Pittsburg.
CLAIMS FOR REGULAR SUPPLIES.
To the Fifth Division is intrusted the examination of claims for fuel,
forage, and other regular supplies, irregularly taken by the armies,
and not accounted for or imperfectly reported by officers of this
department. Such of these as appear to be just and equitable are
referred to the Third Auditor of the Treasury, with a recommendation
for settlement, under the law of July 4, 1864.
A copy of General Orders, No. 35, which contains the rules for
examination of these claims, accomx)anies this report.
These claims are examined as to the actual use of the supplies by
the Army, as to the past and present loyalty of the claimants and wit-
nesses, and as to the genuineness of the signatures. Information as
to loyalty is sought from provost-marshals; and a very large number
of claims is rejected upon evidence of disloyalty of both claimants
and witnesses.
lliere have been received and referred to the Fifth Division, from
January 1 to October 16, 1865, 4,245 packages, containing 14,455
claims, vouchers given by officers of the Quartermaster's Department,
and claims presented under the act of July 4, 1864, and Grcneral
Orders, No. 35.
HOSPFTALS AND BARRACKS.
Daring the fiscal vear hospitals of importance have been erected at Indian-
apolis, at an estimated coet of $80,000
AtNewark,N.J 70,000
240 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Worcester, Maes. , conversioii of the Eclectic College into a hospital $86, 800
Manchester, K.H SO, 000
Hicks Hospital, Baltimore 75,000
Nashville 25,000
Hilton Head hospital, extended 80,000
At the commencement of the fiscal year the capacity of the hos-
pitals of the Army was 120,521 beds. The capacity of the principal
hospitals erected during the fiscal year is 7,300 beds.
By the pitching of hospital tents adjacent to the wooden hospitals,
great additions to their capacity have been made.
Hospital buildings are erected and hospital tents are furnished by the
Quartermaster's Department. The hospitals, after being constructed,
are turned over to the Medical Department, to be administered under
direction of the Surgeon-General. Repairs and extensions are made
upon his requisition, approved by the War Department, as they become
necessary.
When the hospitals are vacated they are returned to this depart-
ment, to be sold or otherwise disposed of.
The hospitals throughout the country (and during the war they
have been located in almost every State) have been built bj' the
Quartermaster's Department upon plans generally prepared or sug-
gested by the Surgeon-General.
They are temi)orary structures built of wood with a view to econ-
omy, but from their magnitude some of them have been costly.
The Mower General Hospital, at Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, with
a capacity for nearly 4,000 patients; the hospital at Davids Island
and that at Willets Point, N. Y. ; the Jarvis and the Patterson Park
Hospitals, at Baltimore; the general hospital at Jeffersonville, Ind.;
the several hospitals in the District of Columbia and adjacent thereto;
the hospitals at Fortress Monroe and at City Point, on the James
River, and the hospitals at Nashville and at Chattanooga, Tenn., are
among the largest and most expensive which have been constructed
by this department.
The material (wood) used in these hospitals is cheaper than any
other, cheaper even than tents; but to provide for the cooking, warm-
ing, ventilating, and purification of such numbers of sick men
requires at all these great general hospitals very expensive and costly
arrangements for cooking, for laundries, and for supplying water in
great abundance. Many of them are heated by steam; some are sup-
plied with water from the pipes of city water- works, at others special
provisions have been made for an independent water supply. Most
of them have steam machinery for washing and for pumping. At
one of these hospitals the daily consumption of water has exceeded
100,000 gallons.
The principal barracks erected duiing the year have been barracks
for draft rendezvous.
Spring MillB, near Philadelphia $84,000
Slocnm, N. Y 25,000
Johnson's Island, for guard of prisoners of war, Sandusky, Ohio 15, 000
A depot for prisoners of war was also constructed on Hart's Island,
N. Y.
Necessary repairs have been made from time to time upon these
and upon the numerous other baiTacks scattered throughout the
country.
As the reduction of the Army and cessation of enlistments have
vacated the various barracks, they have been inspected and reported
to the War Department, most of them with recommendation for sale.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 241
Very large numbers of buildings erected as hospitals, store-houses,
offices, and barracks have already been sold, and others are now being
advertised for sale. These sales are at public auction to the highest
bidder. The materials generally bring fair prices, and a considerable
sum will be realized from this source.
The Sixth Division of this office, which has charge of hospitals and
barracks, is also charged with the records and reports of interments.
Under General Orders, No. 40, of July 3, 1865, which on the conclu-
sion of the war called upon officers of this department for special
reports of the number of interments registered during the war,
reports have been received from officers in seventeen States, including
the District of Columbia.
They report the int^^rments registered in their offices at 116,148. Of
thesethere were— whites, 95,803; colored, 20,345; loyal, 98, 827; disloyal,
12,596; refugees, 600; contrabands, 4,125. These include few of the
interments made immediately after battles, which are made by details
of troops, and are reported by the commanding generals in the lists
of killed in battle.
These are the records of those who die in hospitals, camps, and bar-
racks, for whose burial there is time to make decent and orderly pro-
vision under the general orders and regulations. They do not include
the numerous victims of skirmishes and of assassination by bush-
whackers and robbers under the guise of guerrillas, whose remains
bleach by the waysides and in the woodland paths of the South.
They do include, however, the 12,912 victims of the barbarities of
Andersonville, 6a., and the 1,500 whose graves were marked this
spring upon the battle-fields of Spotsylvania and the Wilderness.
The National Soldiers* Cemetery, at Arlington, continues to be used
for the interment of the victims of the rebellion who die in Washing-
ton or its vicinity. It contains the remains of 5,291 persons. The
cemetery at the Military Asylum contains 5,211; Harmony Cemetery,
388; Battle Cemetery, 40; Alexandria Cemetery, 3,600. These ceme-
teries have been carefully tended and decorated. A cemetery has
been constructed, under order of Maj. Gen. G. H. Thomas, at Chatta-
nooga, within the walls of which it is intended to collect the remains
of all who fell in battle or died in the hospital in that vicinity.
Capt. J. M. Moore, assistant quartermaster, was by your order,
immediately upon the opening of communication, dispatched in a
steamer loa<ied with materials, with workmen, and clerks to identify
and mark in a suitable manner the graves of those who died at Ander-
sonville. With the aid of a detail furnished by Major-General Wilson
thLs duty was performed.
The grounds in which 12,012 of our comrades had been buried in
trenches were inclosed; the bodies where the enrtli had l)een washed
from them by rains were again covered. Head-boanls, painted white,
were placed over ejich, bearing the name, rank, regiment, and State,
with date of death, as ascertained from the captured hospital i-ecords.
Twelve thousand four hundred and sixty-one were identified, and
upon 451 graves Captain Moore was compelled to place the inscription
"Unknown U. S. soldier." His report is herewith.
The names of those who have been interred in the militaiy ceme-
teries of the District of Columbia and of Washington have by your
authority been published in a general order, which has been distrib-
uted to State authorities, public libraries, and to newspapers which
publish official advertisements. The list is thus made accessible to
the friends of those who have fallen.
16 B R — SERIES III, VOL V
242 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
The lists of interments at Spotsylvania and the Wilderness and of
those who died at Andersonville are being printed. As other lists are
received at this office they will be submitted to you for publication.
It is reported unofficially that several thousand of our dead are
buried at Florence, S. C, and at other prison camps of the South.
As soon as arrangements can be made for the purpose proper and
decent attention will be given to their remains. Orders have been
given for inspection of the cemeteries of other prison camps and of
battle-fields. It is hoped that most of them can in time be inclosed
and preserved.
SIXTH DIVISION — CLAIMS.
There have been presented to the Sixth Division 2,479 claims under
the law of July 4, 1864. The amount claimed was $1,587,181.47.
Seven hundred and fifty-one of these claims, amounting to $183,452.30,
have after examination been referred to the Third Auditor, with
recommendation for settlement under the law; 1,054 have been
rejected, amounting to $446,163.32. Claims amounting to $957,565.85
still await examination and final action in this division.
The Sixth Division has since its organization been under charge of
Col. J. J. Dana, of the Quartermaster's Department, an officer who
has in various positions during the war displayed signal intelligence
and devotion to his duties. As chief of transportation at the great
depot of Washington, as chief quartermaster of the First Army Corps
during the campaign of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, and as assist-
ant in this office, and after its organization chief of the Sixth Division,
he has won the approval and esteem of his commanders.
MILITARY TRAINS.
The officer in charge of the division of military trains reports from
the returns of officers of the department, so far as received, that
during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1864, there were purchased
14,549 wagons, 1,229 ambulances, 1,279 carts, 58,144 sets wheel har-
ness, 87,480 sets lead harness, 5,255 sets irregular harness, 335 sets
artillery harness, 1,702 sets cart harness, 60 traveling and 824 portable
forges. There were captured from the rebels during the same fiscal
year 1,541 wagons, 468 ambulances, 245 carts, 6 carriages, 6,661 sets
wheel harness, 6,906 sets lead harness, 797 sets irregular harness, 119
sets artillery harness, 406 sets cart harness, 3 traveling and 73 porta-
ble forges. There were expended, lost, and sold during the year
2,372 wagons, 277 ambulances, 96 carts, 5 carriages, 17,907 sets wheel
harness, 16,732 sets lead harness, 3,453 sets irregular harness, 393 sets
artillery harness, 133 sets cart harness, 3 traveling and 229 portable
forges.
During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, there were purchased
4,762 wagons, 1,436 ambulances, 247 carts, 13,215 sets wheel harness,
18,961 sets lead harness, 2,588 sets irregular harness, 4 sets artillery
harness, 328 sets cart harness, 34 traveling and 890 portable forges.
There were manufactured in the repair and other shops of the depart-
ment 1,443 wagons, 79 carts, 14,152 sets wheel harness, 20, 767 sets lead
harness, 929 sets irregular harness, 34 sets artillery harness, and 173
sets cart harness. There were captured 1,599 wagons, 174 ambulances,
108 carts, 6,228 sets wheel harness, 7,770 sets lead harness, 867 sets
irregular harness, 65 sets artillery harness, and 46 portable forges.
There were expended, lost, and sold 2,211 wagons, 679 ambulances, 97
UNION AUTHORTTIBS. 243
carts, 18,325 sets wheel harness, 23,254 sets lead harness, 1,583 sets
irregular harness, 12 travelinf? and 432 portable forges.
The trains of the Army had been brought to a high state of efficiency
by the 30th of June, 1864, and they were probably not increased in mag-
nitude during the year, the purchase and manufacture serving only
to keep them in a complete and efficient state. Much of the harness
and many of the wagons having been purchased early in the war, and
in continual use, are worn and of little value.
The army of General Shennan and the Army of the Potomac uniting
at Washington, after four years of active campaign, in which the
fonner had marched from the Mississippi to the Potomac, brought
together in the District of Columbia army wagons of the regulation
pattern which had been used at the first battle of Bull Run on the
2l8t of July, 1861, some of which had made all the campaigns of each
army since.
The baggage wagons and harness, the general equipment of the
trains of our armies, are probably of models which cannot be improved.
They have borne the rough usage of war in the hands of men of little
experience at first, and not willing to take that care of them which
can be expected from and enforced upon the veteran soldier.
The experience of this war has convinced all officers of this depart-
ment that for the army trains mules are much superior to horses, and
of late the horses have almost entirely disappeared from the trains,
being transferred to the cavalry or artillery and replaced by mules.
A copy of Special Orders, No. 44, headquarters Armies of the United
States, City Point, Va., June 28, 1864, accompanies this report. It
sets forth in detail and clearly the organization and size of the trains
of an active army as perfected by four years' exi)erience in the field.
With this report are several reports from officers of this department
giving information as to the movement and management of the trains
of armies in campaigns. This information is seldom available to
the military student. It is of great value and should be printed for
reference and use hereafter.
SEVENTH DIVISION — CLAIMS.
During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, and from the termina-
tion of that year to October 10, 1865, there were presented and referred
to the Seventh Division of this office 11,494 claims, amounting to
t2,316,361.53. Four thousand three hundred and thirty-seven were
passed, amounting to $1,239,872.23; 5,867 were rejected, amounting
to $950,455.66; 1,290 remain on file for further action, amounting to
$126,033.64.
The Seventh and Ninth Divisions of this office have been in chai'ge
of Col. B. C. Card, whose intelligent and prompt discharge of the
duties assigned to him have met my entire approbation. I have named
him with others to you for the promotion which he richly merits.
TRANSPORTATION OVER THE PLAINS.
The troops operating on the great Western plains and in the mount-
ain regions of New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, and Idaho are supplied
princii>ally by the trains of the Quartermaster's Department from
depots established on the great routes of overland travel, to which
depots supplies are conveyed by contract. The contractors are the
freighters or merchants of the overland trade. This department has
244 COBBB8PONDENCE, ETC.
not statistics to show the extent of this traffic, but it has of late years
increased with the development of the mines of the central region of
the continent until it has become a most important interest. Trav-
elers by the stage from Denver to Fort Leavenworth, a distance of 683
miles, in the month of July, 1865, were never out of sight of wagon
trains, belonging either to emigrants or to the merchimts who trans-
port supplies for the War Department, for the Indian Department,
and for the mines and settlers of the central Territories.
Cost of tranBportation of a ponnd of com, hay, clothing, snbsifltence, Itixnher, or
any other neceesary from Fort Leavenworth to—
Fort Riley $0.0246
Fort Union, the depot for New Mexico 1435
Santa Fe, N. Hex _ 1685
FortKeamy 0644
Fort Laramie 1410
Denver aty, Ck)l<r 164S
Salt Lake City, Utah 2784
The cost of a bushel of com purchased at Fort Leavenworth and
delivered at each of these points is as follows:
Fort Riley.-.! $2.79
Fort Union 9.44
SantaF6 10.84
FortKeamy 5.03
Fort Laramie 9.26
Denver City 10.05
Salt.Lakeaty 17.00
To this last point none is now sent.
The expenses of this department will be reduced by the advance of
the Pacific railroads, two of which are rapidly moving westward, one
from Leavenworth toward Fort Riley and the other from Omaha
toward Fort Kearny.
The present general mode of transport is by heavy wagons, each
drawn by ten oxen. The loads of these wagons average 5,500 pounds
each. Lighter freight and passengers are carried by express in lighter
wagons, drawn by mules, which animals are almost exclusively used
in the winter when the grass is covered with snow.
The heavy trains in dry weather move readily over the prairie
roads, which outside the limits of the settlements follow the best
routes, and can make wide detours to avoid sloughs or wet places in
the prairies. The progress of settlement injures these roads. No
laws appear to exist reserving the road bed on these great overland
routes to the public. The Imes of survey of the public lands cross
the trail at all angles, and each farmer is at liberty to fence in his
tract according to the unyielding lines of his rectangular boundaries.
These overland trails, now well-beaten wagon tracks, were originally
located upon the high and dry swells of the prairie, the most desir-
able land for agricultural purposes. They followed the best routes
and sought the easiest crossings of the streams, low grounds, and
swamps. Near T^eaven worth the progress of inclosure is driving
them into the wet grounds, and greatly increases the difficulties of
travel.
It is much to be desired that in all future land sales the great and
long-established trails, the highways across the continent, should be
reserved from sale and be devoted forever as public highways. A
certain width on each side of them should be marked out by actual
sur>'ey and reserved for this purpose. Wagon roads across the con-
tinent will always be needed, even when the railroads are complet-ed.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 246
The following is an estimate of the cost of transportation of mili-
tary stores westward across the plains by contract daring the fiscal
year ending Jnne 30, 1866:
L Northern and western route :
To Utah and poetB on that route $1,584, 119.00
n. Soathwestem route :
To Fort Union, N. Mex. , and posts on that route $1 , 801 , 400
Poets in the interior of New Mexico 188,178
1,489,578.00
Cost of the transportation of grain on -above routes, where the
grain was delivered by contractors and the transportation
entered into the price paid, same year—
1. Utah route $2,536,727,68
2. New Mexico route 697,101.69
8,228,829.87
CoBt ot transportation of military stores across the plains same
year by Oovemment train*—
1. Utahroute $84,600
2. New Mexico route 166.780
201,880.00
Total by contract and Gk>vemment trains 6,888,866.87
This expenditure would be reduced by the opening of railroads by
a sum which would aid materially in paying interest upon the cost of
their construction.
The present season has been a very wet one upon the plains. In
wet weather the heavy wagons are generally compelled to go into
camp and wait patiently till dry weather makes the roads practicable.
Any effort to move exhausts the animals and destroys the wagons,
while the progress of such a train would not average in bad weather
over many portions of the roads one mile a day. Trains from Fort
Leavenworth to Denver City have this year occupied from forty-five
to seventy-four days in the march.
DIVISION OP INSPECTION.
The Eighth Division of this office is the division of inspection. Its
duties are delicarte and difficult. It receives, registers, analyzes, and
prepares for action of the Quartermaster-General all reports of the
regular inspectors, or of officers acting as inspectors under orders of
the Quartermastei^s Department, and all reports of inspections of that
department by the Inspector-General of the Army which may be
referred to this office for action.
It keeps the roster of the officers of the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment, and keeiMS a careful and minute record of the service of all
officers as reported to this office. It also prepares and records the
general and special orders of the department and its nominations for
assignment to duty.
The organization of the inspectors of the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment provides for six inspectors, with the rank of colonel, and a
chief of the division of inspection. Other officers of the department
are placed on inspection duty from time to time, as their services are
needed.
Since the cessation of hostilities a number of officers have been thus
employed to collect the information necessary to compel great and
necessary reductions in the establishment, which had been created
during the war.
The report of Col. Q. V. Rutherford, chief of the division of inspec-
tion, which is herewith, gives in detail the operations of the office.
246 COBRE8PONDENCE, ETC.
During the fiscal year 216 reports were received from the inspectois.
Over 11,000 inventories and reports of inspection of property recom-
mended for sale or condemnation and 293 reports of boaids of snrvey
were received and acted on.
A record of the appointment, movements, services, and duties of
each officer of the Quartermaster's Department, and of reports of com-
manding officers and inspectors in relation to his periformance of
duty has been kept. Five hundred and ninety-one annual reports of
officers were rendered during the fiscal year, and 340 such reports
have been received since its termination. From the information
given in these reports, tables of quantities and of expenditures by
officers have been prepared, which accompany this report.
Several boards for examination of officers of this department have
been in session during the year. Two hundred and forty-three officers
have been examined, of whom forty-nine were reported by the boards
as disqualified and 194 as qualified.
On the 30th of June, 1865, there were in the Qartermaster's Dei>art-
ment:
Regular officers (17
Miutary store-keepers _ 11
Assistant quartermasters of Yolnnteers 488
Total, inclading eleven military store-keepers 566
Many of these officers have, for distinguished services during the
war, received brevet promotion beyond their lineal rank. Many have
been assigned to important positions, to which, under the law,
increased, thoagh temporary, rank is attached.
The report of the inspection division gives details as to the number
of officers who have won such distinction. For the names I must
refer to the tables accompanying this report, in which most of them
are mentioned, and to the Army Register. During the fiscal year
there were appointed 5 assistant quartermasters of the Regular Army,
145 assistant quartermasters of the Volunteer Army, and 2 military
store-keepers.
During the fiscal year there retired from the service 5 assistant
quartermasters of the Regular Army and 203 assistant quarter-
masters of volunteers. Since the termination of the fiscal year, and
to the Ist of October, 1 assistant quartermaster of regulars, 1 mili-
tary store-keeper, and 172 assistant quartermasters of volunteers
have retired from the service, resigned, dismissed, or honorably mus-
tered out.
The reduction is still going on rapidly, as troofMS are discharged
and posts abandoned, and the services of these officers can be dis-
pensed with. Three hundred and eighty-two officers in all left the
service of the Quartermaster's Department between the 1st of July,
1864, and the Ist of October, 1865.
The distribution of general orders to officers of the Quartermaster's
Department is part of the duty of the inspection division. It dis-
tributed during the fiscal year 177,289 copies of general orders, of
which 124,177 were general orders of the Adjutant-General's Office.
Colonel Rutherford's vigilance and promptness in the discharge of
his duties have been most important aids in the supervision of the
extended operations of this department, and I am happy to acknowl-
edge the recognition which they have met from the Secretary of War.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 247
ACCOUNTS FOR MONEY AND PROPERTY.
The assistant quartermaster-general has charge of the examination
of the accounts of disbursing officers and of officers responsible for
public property (other than property accounts of clothing, camp and
garrison equix)age, which latter accounts are examined in the division
of clothing and equipage).
The chief of the Ninth Division reports that there were received at
this office in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1862, 7,094 accounts, all
of which have been examined and transmitted to the Treasury for
settlement.
In the year ending June 30, 1863, there were received 29,153, all of
which have been examined and transmitted to the Treasury,
In the yearending June 30, 1864, there were received 67,856 accounts;
of these there have been examined and transmitted to the Treasury
14,588. There remain to be examined 53,268.
In the year ending June 30, 1865, there were received 72,299 accounts;
of these there have been examined and transmitted to the Treasury
12,424. There remain to be examined 59,875.
During the four years, July 1, 1861, to June 30, 1865, there were
received inaU 176,402 accounts; examined and sent to the Treasury
63,259; remaining to be examined 113,143.
These are not single vouchers, but accounts, many of which contain
hundred.s, and some of them thousands, of single vouchers. They
represent the expenditure of over one thousand millions of dollars in
money, and the use and application of the property purchased there-
with. The delay in their final settlement is injurious alike to the
officer and to the Government, and it is of great importance that their
settlement be expedited by all the means in the power of the Govern-
ment. It is from the filial examination and discussion of these
accounts that the statistical information necessary to a proper under-
standing of the cost of the great war, now happily ended, is to be
obtained. These accounts record the purchases of materials ; the cost
of movements by rail, river, and sea; the application of the materials
purchased ; the distance men and material were transported ; the cost
and extent of the hospitals, barracks, store-houses, and camps which
have covered the country with buildings and canvas.
RexK>rtB made by officers are often imperfect; their accounts for
purchases must be complete; and these accounts record the actual
cost and the time of purchase of every article provided by the Quarter-
master's Department during the war, from the ocean steamer of 2,500
tons to the saddler's or tent-maker's needle and thread.
In the last annual report of this department attention was called to
the inadequate force provided by law for the prompt examination of
officers' accounts, and a recommendation was made for the increase of
that force by the addition of 170 clerks, classified as follows: 70 of
class one, 60 of class two, 30 of class three, and 10 of class four.
Another year's experience makes more urgent the necessity of this
increase, and I repeat the recommendation of the last annual report.
mUTARY ORGANIZATION OP BMPLOYisS OF THE QUARTERMASTER'S
DEPARTMENT.
In the last annual report of this office I had the honor to report the
services rendered in the field, as soldiers, at Nashville, at Johnson-
ville, and at Washington City, by the Quartermaster's Volunteers, a
248 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
military organization nnder your sanction, of the clerks, agents, and
operatives of the Quartermaster's Department at the principal depots.
Since that report was written the Quartermaster's Volunteers at Nash-
ville, under the command of Bvt. Brig. Gen. J. L. Donaldson, have
again had the opportunity to render important service. Two brigades
of these troops, 4,500 strong, were assigned a position in the operations
of the 15th and 16th of December, 1864, the days of the decisive battle
of Nashville, and so conducted themselves as to merit and receive the
approval of their commanders.
The surrender of the rebel armies having made their services no
longer necessary, the several brigades and regiments have been
disbanded, and most of their meml^rs have, in the general reduction
of the force employed, been discharged from service. The arms and
equipments have been returned to the Ordnance Department.
Colored men continued to the close of the war to be employed in
connection with the trains of the Quart-ermaster's Department as
laborers at depots, as pioneers with the marching columns. In all
these positions they have done good service and materially contributed
to that final victory which confirmed their freedom and saved our
place among nations.
I cannot close this report without calling your attention to the
services rendered by the officers and agents of this department. Some
of these officers had at the beginning of the war the advantage of
previous experience in the Quartermaster's Department during former
wars, but by far the greater part of them were taken from the occupa-
tions of civil life, without military training or experience. Many of
them as the war went on were promoted from the ranks of the volun-
teers. A very few have proved unfaithful, but the great body of them
have served laboriously and zealously, successfully and honorably.
Whether in the field or at the depot, there is no intermission to the
labor and the responsibility of a quartermaster. In the field he is
expected to overcome the difficulties of the road cut up by the pas-
sage of troops and artillery, and to run the gauntlet of a hostile pop-
ulation in the rear of the armies — a population exasperated by the
loss of property taken by foragers. Often insufficiently guarded,
upon his vigilance and energy depend the safety of his train and of
the indispensable supplies which it bears. Long after the troops are
at rest in their camps the quartermaster is ujwn the road.
At the depot of an army the reception, care, and distribution of the
immense supplies of food, ammunition, and clothing, and all other
equipment, all of which pass through the hands of the quartermaster,
tax him night and day. He is held to strict accountability for every
item of the stores which pass through his hands.
In the greater depots which have been during the war the centers at
which the business of providing for the Army has been concentrated,
the officers in charge have borne the responsibility of disbursing
millions of dollars, collecting, auditing, and settling the vouchers
issued by officers at smaller depots and in the field, and purchasing
the stores to be distributed to armies through wide districts. Some
of these officers have transacted business to the amount of millions
monthly. From officers of every rank, from those in charge of the
great centers of manufacture and purchase at the principal cities,
from those to whom has been committed onlj'^ the care of the property
and trains of a single brigade, I have received and I recognize cordial
support and assistance in the business committed to this department.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 249
It is well understood among soldiers that upon the efficiency and
integrity of the supply branches of the service depends, in a great
degree, the power to make long marches, the health and efficiency of
the troops.
I have imperfectly set forth in this report some of the more impor-
tant operations of the Quartermaster's Department during the past
year. I hoi)e at a future time to be able to present to you more com-
plete and detailed information of the extent of the resources, in
material and men and money, which under your administration of the
War Department have been applied to support and sustain the
armies in every part of the wide field of operation during the past
four years of war.
This information pro];)erly digested, if published, will stand before
the world as an example and a warning of the power and resources
of a free people for any contest into which they heartily enter, and
from it the soldier and statesman will be able to draw valuable lessons
for use in case it ever again becomes necessary for this Nation to put
forth its strength in arms.
The merits and services of many of the officers of the department
have been presented to you by myself, or by the generals under whom
they have served in the field. I acknowledge the kindness with which
their claims and my recommendations have been considered, and
thank you for the recognition which has been given by their promo-
tion of the services of the department which I have had the honor
to control.
I transmit herewith reports of officers, with many tables, giving in
detail information of value in i*elation to the operations of the depart-
ment. To these I respectfully call your attention.*
All of which is respectfully submitted.
M. C. MEIGS,
Brevet Major- Oeneral^ U, S, Army, QuartermcLster-Oeneral,
No. 1.
On Jane 30, 1864, the termination of the preceding fiscal year,
the balances in the hands of officers (after deducting the dis-
bursements ascertained from accounts which had passed the re-
quired administrative examination of this office) amounted, as
stated in the last annual report, to $296,968,860.36
From which there is to be made a further deduc-
tion of the amount of disbursements, ascer-
tained from accounts for periods prior to and
of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1864, which
had been received and re^tered, but of which
the required administrative examination had
not been made, viz :
Prior to the fiscal year $26,096,845.50
Daring the fiscal year 201,064.148.97
'■ $227,160,494.47
Leas amount shown to have been received from
sales of property, rent of buildings, &c 5, 820, 948. 99
221,839,550.48
Leaving an outstanding balance due June 80, 1864, of 75, 629, 818. 88
• Such of these reports and tables as are here omitted will be found in Execu-
tive Document No. 1, House of Representatives, Thirty-ninth Congi*ess, firpt ses-
sion. Vol. I, unless otherwise indicated as appearing in Series I, or elsewhere in
this series.
250 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Which was made up as follows, yiz :
1. Amount of requisitions drawn during the
fiscal year 1864, the accounts for dis-
bursement of which had not been re-
ceivedatthis oflfcje $81,317,806.00
A lar^e portion of this, although remitted
durmg the fiscal year, coula not have
been received before its termination,
and could not, therefore, be accounted
for during that fiscal year; the greater
portion had doubtless been accounted for
direct to the proper accounting officer of
the Treasurv Department, as required
bv the act of Congress approved July 17,
2. Amount in the hands of officers, to be ac-
counted for hereafter 44,811,612.88
875,629,818.88
Of this latter amount the sum of $8,878,279.87 was amount of
requisitions drawn during the fiscfl^ years 1862 and 1868 in favor
of officers, not taken up in their accounts received at this
office, viz :
In the fiscal year 1862 $1,579,471.87
In the fiscal year 1868 1,798.799.00
3,378,270.87
The sum of $24,886,849.80 was amount in hands of officers unac-
counted for (as ascertained from balances found due the Gov-
ernment upon examination of the last accounts received and
from receipts for advances made to officers for disbursement
during the fiscal year 1864) by officers whose accounts had been
rendered 24, C36, 849. 80
Of this amount the sum of $20,895,967.70 was the
amount of balances found due the Government
upon examination of the last accounts received
in the fiscal year 1864 $20,895,967.70
The balance, $3,440,882.10, was the amount of the
receipts for advances niade to officers for dis-
bursements during the fiscal year 1864, not
taken up in the accounts received at this office,
as before stated 8,440,882.10
The greater portion of this hadprobably been accounted for direct
to the proper accounting officers of the Treasury Department,
as reouired by the act of Congress before referred to. The re-
mainder was distributed amon^ the officers disbursing at the
various posts and stations and m the field, and was applicable
to the payment of debts contracted during the year. It was . . 16, 696, 892. 21
Total amount, as above 44,811,512.88
Balance for which the accounts had not received the required
administrative examination of this office, as above reported . . . 296, 968, 869. 86
To which are to be added:
1. Remittances in July, 1864 $88,684,250.00
Remittances in August, 1864 82,976,611.00
Remittances in September, 1 864 25. 476, 722. 41
Remittances in October, 1864 24, 151, 957. 00
Remittances in November, 1864 85, 704, 491. 00
Remittances in December, 1864 41, 124, 842. 60
Remittances in January, 1865 7,466,068.10
Remittances in February, 1865 600,000.00
Remittances in March. 1865 90,841,901.94
Remittances in April. 186»» 49,813.329.76
Remittances in May, 1865 69,880,447.73
Remittances in June, 1865 25,585,940.91
431,706,057.44
2. Proceeds of sales of property, rents of buildings, &c 3, 620, 997. 88
Total to be accounted for 782,296,924.68
UKION AUTHORITIES. 251
From which are to be dedncted the disbursements by oflBcers,
ascertained from aocoants which have passed the required
administrative examination of this ofSce, viz :
Prior to the fiscal year (the accounts for
which had not jMssed the required admin-
istrative examination in time for the hist
annual report) $1 67 , 746, 758 . ft7
Inthemonthof July, 1864 13,816,518.08
In the month of August, 1864 16,971,042.81
In the month of September, 1864 11,254,075.61
In the month of October, 1864 8,062,686.55
In the month of Novemlier, 1864 2,558, 155.61
In the month of December, 1864 8,176,601.08
In the month of January, 1865 858,742.04
In the month of February, 1865 1,867,086.64
In the month of March, 1865 480,870.08
In the month of April, 1865 268,275.85
In the month of May, 1865 869,061.42
In the month of June, 1865 208,608.70
$226,119,862.24
Balance due June 80, 1865 506,176,562.44
From which there is to be made a further deduction of the amount
of disbursements, as ascertained from accounts for periods
grior to and in the fiscal :fear ending June 80, 1865, which
ave been received and registered, but of which the required
administrative examination has not been made, viz :
Amount prior to the fiscal year 1866 $82,446,154.51
Amount m the fiscal year 1865 875,982,744.71
Total 458,878,899.22
Less amount shown to have been received from
sales of property, rent of buildings, &c 12,005,976.93
446,872,923.29
Leaving an outstanding balance due June 80, 1865, of 59, 808, 640. 15
Which is made up as follows, viz :
1. Amount of requisitions drawn in favor of officers and not
taken up in their accounts received at this office, viz :
In the fiscal year 1862 $996,287.87
In the fiscal year 1868 417,988.00
In the fiscal year 1864 447,916.00
In the fiscal year 1865 8,628,557.99
Total 10,890,749.86
2. Amount of advances made to ofOcers for disbursements not
taken up, as ascertained from the accounts received at
this office, viz :
In the fiscal year 1864 $615,660.55
In the fiscal year 1865 4,176,717.71
Total 4,792,878.36
8. Amount in the hands of officers and agents, accounted for
as balances due the Government, ascertained upon
examination of their last accounts received 44, 620, 513. 08
The amounts paid during the fiscal year ending June 80, 1865
(including those for purchases made and services rendered in
the preceoing fiscal year, and not included in the last annual
report), as ascertained from the accounts which passed the
required administrative examination of this office, were, viz :
1. For regular supplies, viz :
Fuel $8,159,423.61
Forage 50,584,487.59
Straw 191,175.28
Stationery 618,688.65
M, 553, 775. 08
252 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
2. For incidental expenses of the Army, viz :
Postage $150,379.93
Expenses of courts-martial 203,886.79
Express and escorts 21,650.46
Burial expenses 128,940.12
Qnides, interpreters, and spies 167, 262. 48
Clerks and agents 1,888,582.07
Pay of wagon and forage masters 4, 116. 61
Laborers 4,012,721.91
Soldiers on constant labor 878,428.22
Hire of veterinary surgeons 28,041.01
OfQce furniture 90,961.54
Medicines for horses and other animals. 107, 522. 79
Forges, blacksmiths* and shoeing tools. . 181, 740. 55
Horse and mule shoes, nails, iron, and
steel, for shoeing 1,580,887.68
Picket rope 457.86
Apprehension of deserters 450,202.16
$9,840,181.62
8. Cavalry and artillery horses 10,749,054.85
4. Transportation and supply of prisoners, &c 156,240.89
5. Telegraph for military purposes, and expenses in operating
thesame 245,420.27
6. Barracks and quarters, viz :
For rent $1,562,140.28
For repairs and construction 5, 778, 531. 51
7,840,671.79
7. Mileage— transportation of oflOcers and baggage 258, 078. 94
8. Transportation, viz :
Of clothing $268,588.88
Of subsistence 1,620,087.89
Of ordnance 476,235.88
Of troops and supplies 80,776,781.72
88,141,692.87
9. Purchase of stoves 809,628.71
10. For material for and amount expended in the purchase and
preparation of clothing, camp and garrison equipage ... 59, 807, 028. 77
11 . Collecting, drilling, and organizing volunteers 9, 292. 08
12. For the construction and maintenance of the gun-boat fleet
proper 295,177.91
13. For the purchase, construction, and maintenance of steam
rams 190,918.25
14. Special expenditures for other departments, and under
special appropriations, viz :
For Medical D^rtment $86, 881 . 86
For Ordnance Department 27, 921. 68
For Pav Department 9,987.14
For Subsistence Department 2,449.58
For En^neer Department 80,675.88
For Adjutant-General's Department ... 2, 564. 50
For Army contingencies 89,515.15
For Provost-Marshal-Generars Depart-
ment : 4,220.46
For Signal Service 175.88
60,866,882.20
226,151,492.51
Less amount of errors, &c., ascertained in oi&cers' accounts. ... 82, 180. 27
Total 226,119,362.24
From the above statement it will be seen that during the past vear accounts to
the amount of $226,119,362.24 have passed the official examination of this office,
prior to transmission to the Treasury for final examination and settlement. They
number 7,066; and 12,189 accounts remain in this office to be examined, relating
to disbursements, amounting to $458,378,899.22.
During the vear preceding the li^t annual report from this office the accoimts
examined and transmitted to the Treasury covered disbursements to the amount
of $284,809,697.72.
UNION AUTHOBITIES.
253
Aimtraei of appropriations for the Quariermaster*8 Department for the fiscal
years 136t'-l866, induding arrearages for 1861.
Heada of appropriatioiia.
•1^ u
ll
It
t£
Qaartemiaater'a Department $14,965,060.87
iMtdMital ezpenaee of the Quarter- 7.866. 666.00
maatar's Department.
Parehaae of horaea ' 10,514,50aO0
Binaeks,qiiArtera,*e I 1,600.000.00
TkasaportotioD of the AmiT I 16,820.064.00
Tranaportation of offlcws' oaggage. . 500, 000. 00
Clothtaic of the Axmy 18.416,037.08
Military telegraph '
Tranaportatioii of prlaonera
ApinopTlatioii for atoves.
CMiBoung. organiilng, and drilling
▼olnnteera.
Ooaatmetion, Ac., of eteam rams
Qon-boala for Weefeem rirera
OontlBgaietoa of the Army
Total 65.088.216.80 5,000,000.00
1,000,000.00
200.000.00
$1,661,040.00
14.881,000.00
'ia,'i7a,'5i6.*n
$i8,ooo,ooaoo
8,000.000.00
5.000,000.00
500,000.00
23,000.000.00
20,000,000.00
"i.'666.'66a6o
$6,000,000.00
28,715,586.77
76.500,000.00
fiscal year ending
June 80, 1863.
Deficiency biU for the
fiscal year ending
June 80. 1863.
ilscai year ending
June 80, 1864.
jll
iDddeutal expenses of the Quarter-
maatar'a Departmeot.
Parehase of horsea
tt&012,000.00
», 886. 750. 00
5.400.000.00
4,234.000.00
40.000.000.00
1.291,600.00
89,322,518 25
$67,217,791.00
19.125,000.00
23.188,375.00
8,000,000.00
56.500,000.00
1, 000. 000. 00
76.281,911.54
500. 000. 00
$18,600,000.00
2, 000, 000. 00
11.000,000.00
1,730,000.00
26,000,000.00
17.500.000.00
Barracka, qnarters, Ac.r....
30,000,000.00
100 000 00
ClothincoftheAnny 71?..^^...
27.188,000.00
7. 000. 000 00
' 500i 666. 00
3,873.728.00
90,000.00
1.500,000.00
110.000.00
.,
Colleeting, organising, and drilling
Construction, Ac, of steam mras. . . .
:*:'' :
580,000.00
450,000.00
Gun-boats far >7estem rivers
2,560,000.00
Conting«DeJee of the Army
500,000.00
600. 66(). 66
Xottf
156.100,591.25
71,816,000l00
253,454,677.54
78.600.000.00
254
COBBBSPOlfDEHCE, ETC.
Abatract of appropriation* for the Quartenmaaier^$ D^partmaU for the
yean J96t-1866, indmdmg arrtaroqa for 1^/— Contmned.
1
1
31
^
faddesUl npesuH of tlj# Qiurt<r-
BiHtcrBl>«p«rtiD«t.
FsrebMH of hnnn ,
000.000,000.00
13,000,000.00
11,000.000.00
ft. 000, 000. 00
40.000.000.00
700.000.00
810^000,000.00
1,000.000.00
7,000,000.00
1.000,008.00
18,868,137.00
880,000.000.00
10.008.000.00
11,008.800.00
30,000^000.00
600.000.00
50,000,000.00
600.000.00
1,000,000.00
100.000.00
8188.884.860.37
78, 8a. 418. 00
123.884.815.00
31,484«000.00
94.458.00LOO
4,001.800100
Hkfnucktt niiATt^n A f i ■ ■ < . ■ n n n i . . .
ClothltjjtofllieApiiij
Military ViA^%t%J^\\
58.000.000.00
17ft. 000. 00
71K.O0o!flO
342.338,008.58
1,800.008.08
8,773,718.00
480,000.00
ft. 000, 000. 00
000,000.00 ' l.MiA.mA.fio
100,000.00
Conttm cation, A.ti.^ of itmni rvm. ...
37ft, 000. 00
1,306^000.00
Oiin -Iv^t ft fit r W MtJ^rn H vrw .... . .
3,688.800.00
1,108,000.00
CoDtJiiff«iicla« of th« Anav.. ... ...
400,00a 00
400.800.00
ToUl
190.150,000.00 1 83.181,137.00
108,100,000.00
1,184,300,808.96
W, 1864, for dothiof. Ae., of lOO-
days' Tolanteen.
1
8,000,000.00
1
1
f 0TB.— AppropriatioiM for oontiDgoiidM of the Amy, thoagh faieladed In the Aonoal oottmatM of
) QnartarmMter-Oeneral, bare not of Uto years been expended aoder hie direetton; tbey are not.
KOTB.-
therefore, included in the anmming op of the appropriations for the Qaartermaeter*s Department in
this table.
No. 2.
Quartermaster-General's Office, First Division,
Washington, D, C, October 17, 1866.
Bvt. Maj. Oen. M. C. Meios,
(ifmrtermcufter'Oeneral U. S, Army, Washington, D. C:
General: In compliance with General Orders, No. 39, Quartermas-
ter-Grenerars Office, dated July 1, 1865, 1 have the honor to submit the
following annual report, embracing the operations of this division for
the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, together with general statements
of operations up to the present date, as required by circular from the
Quartermaster-General of the 24th of July, 1865:
My annual report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1864, was for-
warded to the Quartermaster-General, from this division, on the 27th
of September, 1864.
During the last fiscal year, and up to the present time, I have been
stationed at Washington, D. C, continuing to perform the duties of
chief quartermaster of the Cavalry Bureau, to which I had been
assigned, by order of the War Department, on the 27th of December,
1863, relieving Lieut. Col. C. G. Sawtelle. In addition to these duties
I have, since the 2d of August, 1864, performed those pertaining to
the office of colonel and brevet brigadier-general in charge of the First
Division of the Quartermaster-Generars Office, having been assigned,
by order of the War Department, to these duties at the date just men-
tioned, under the act of Congress of Julv 4, 1864, to provide for the
better organization of the Quartermasters Department.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 255
As chief quartermaster of the Cavalry Bureau I was charged with
the purchase and supply of all animals required for the cavalry
branch of the service, under the immediate orders of Maj. Gen. II. W.
Ifalleck, chief of staff, and subsequently under those of Lieutenant-
General Grant. As the officer in charge of the First Division of the
Qnartermaster-Greneral's Office, I was charged with the purchase, pro-
cnrement, and disposition of hoi*se8 and mules for cavalry, artillery,
wagon and ambulance trains, and all other purposes for which horses
and mules may be procured for the armies of the United States. The
dnties of both these assignments I still continue to discharge.
It is a source of great satisfaction to me that during the great
campaigns immediately preceding the downfall of the rebellion, as
indeed in preceding operations against the enemy, the Cavalry Bureau
and this division were enabled, with the energetic co-operation of the
various quartermasters and assistant quartermasters at the several
purchasing depots under my direction, to meet promptly all requisi-
tions for the supply of public animals to onr gallant armies in the
field. The animals thus furnished were generally of a very good
quality, owing to the rigid character of the inspection made by the
inspecting officers, who were governed in their actions by General
Orders, No. 43, of the Quartermaster-General, series 1864. As the war
progressed those furnished to the Armies of the Potomac and James,
especially, were so superior as to elicit the commendation of Bvt. Maj.
Gen. Rufus Ingalls, chief quartermaster, from whose indorsement of
November 30, 1864, forwaMing estimate of public animals required
for these armies for the month of December, 1864, the following is an
extract:
The supply (of animals) is already very good, and it is proper to state that the
artillery and cavalry horses sent to these armies dnring the past three months
have been the best we have received daring the war.
Testimonials of a similar character were received during the past
year from chief quartermasters in the armies of the South and
Southwest.
The business of my office does not require the rendition of either
of the statements called for in paragraphs 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11,
of General Orders, No. 39, Quartermaster-Generars Office, current
series.
It will be seen by statement herewith that under the immediate
direction of the several officers in charge of purchasing depots within
the control of the Cavalry Bureau and First Division, Quarteimaster-
Generars Office, there were purchased as follows, viz:
CAVALRY HORSES.
Prom January l,1864,to JnneSO, 1864, per last report 48,719
From January 1 , 1S64, to Jnne 90. 1864, per reports subsequently received. 3, 087
Total from January 1,1864, to June 30, 1864 51,756
From June 80, 1864, to December 31, 1864 98,555
From January 1, 1865, to May 9, 1865, when purchase ceased 43, 077
Total purchased during the year ending June 30. 1865 141, 632
Total purchased from January 1 , 1864 , to May 9,1865 198, 888
ARTILLERY HORSES.
FromSeptember 1,1864, to December 81, 1864 12,458
FromJanuaryl,1865, toMay9, 1865 8,261
Total purchased from September 1 , 1864, to May 0, 1865 20, 714
256 COBBBSPONDENCE, ETC.
MULB8.
Prom September 1,1864. to Decsember 81, 1864 30,711
Prom January 1, 1865, to May 9, 1865 25,210
Total pnrchased from September 1, 1864, to May 9, 1865 45,921
There are no records on file in this office by which the number of
animiUs purchased by the Cavalry Bureau prior to January 1, 1864^
can be determined.
Reports to this office of purchases of artillery horses and mules
date from September 1, 1864.
During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, the prices paid for
cavalry horses ranged from $144 per head (the lowest contract price)
to $186 per head (the highest market price). From September 1,
1864, to June 30, 1865, the prices paid for artillery horses ranged
from $161 to $185 per head, and during the latter period the prices
paid for mules ranged from $170 to $196 per head. The average
(approximate) prices are given in the tabular statement herewith.
The following is a statement of the number of public animals sold
and died at the several depots since the Ist of January, 1864, viz:
CAVALRY HORSBB.
Sold from January 1,1864, to June 80, 1864 5,845
Sold from June 80, 1864, to December 81, 1864 8,598
Sold from January 1, 1866, to June 80, 1865 25,627
Total sold from January 1 , 1864, to June 80 , 1865 40, 070
Died from January 1,1864, to June 80, 1864 8,484
Died from June 80, 1864, to December 81, 1864 18,662
Died from January 1,1865, to June 80, 1865 16,181
Total died from January 1 , 1864, to June 80, 1865 88, 277
ABTILLEBT HORSBS.
Of artillery horses none were reported as sold from September 1, 1864, to June
80, 1865.
DiedfromSeptember 1,1864, to December 81, 1864 176
Died from January 1, 1865, to June 80, 1865 258
Total died from September 1,1864, to June 80, 1865. 484
MtTLES.
SoldfromSeptemberl, 1864, to December 81, 1864 287
Soldfrom January 1,1865, to June 80, 1865 18.122
Total sold from September 1, 1864, to June 80, 1865 18,479
Died from September 1, 1864, to December 81, 1864 1,280
Diedfrom January 1.1865, to June 80, 1865 6,106
Total died from September 1,1864, to June 80, 1865 7,886
Of unserviceable stock received at depots for recuperation, the
returns to this office are not sufficiently complete to enable me to
pronounce the exact proportion restored to ability for service.
Observations made at several depots during limited periods indicate
60 per cent, as about the proportion so restored. It is a matter of
regret that, although several attempts have been made by this office
to procure returns of the destruction of animals in the field, such
UNION AUTHOBITISS. 257
returns have not been obtained. Without doubt this destruction has
been very great, especially in the army operating in the Shenandoah
Valley under General Sheridan. The issues of cavalry horses to this
force were at the rate of three remounts per annum.
Following this is the report of animals purchased and issued at
the several dei>ots referred to and also statement of quartermasters'
property, marked A.
BepoficfihepUTtiiam and uaue of cavalry honet at dqaoU under directum of the
CateaiBry Bureau during the eix manihe ending beoember Sl^ I864,*
SUMMABT TO FORBOOIKO TABLB.
PnrehMed Ju^ 1 to DMenlwr 81, 1804. .
17.607
tt,6W
Bao0hr«di!ronisaii4x7MNixoM 60,060
Bae6iT«d fipom artOlwy (tnntfemd) 1,646
Toiid 177,667
iMaedtodopwtmento 121,681
Sold rr. 8.668
Lttii,dM«roT«d. Middled 18,668
Tnntfomd to artin«i7 4,014
On hndnMOBibflr 81,1864 88,888
Totid 177,687
Report ofthepurehaee and ieeue of cavalry Jioraee at dq^toteunder direction of the
Firet bivieton, Quartermaeter-wnerale Office, during the eix monthe ending
June SO, 1S6S*
BUIOCABY.
Ob biaid aft depoUJaawtfT 1,1806 80^888
PoreluwedfhiaiJMiiuvyl to)Cfty9^18e8. 48,077
B«o0|y«dfkommiiidi7toiuoM 48,484
B«MiT«dft«nartUla7(teHMft>nd) 8,887
Totol 118,180
iMMdtod^pMtaMBto 60,886
Sold .VT. 88^017
Lttift,dMtraT6d, and died 16^181
TniMftRVd to MtiUery 1,680
Ob hnd June 80, 1866 14,817
Totol 118,180
Saaort of the nurchaee and ieeue of artillery horeee at depots under direction of
the Firet Division, Quartermaster-Cfenerats Office, from SeptentJber 1, IS64, to
June30,JS66^
SUICICABY TO FOBBOOINO TABLE.
iMUfldtodApuiiiMoto 16,688
Lost, dMtimd, Mid died 484
TraastereatooBTaliT 4,878
On hnd jrn]M80, 1866. 8^476
ODbflid aft d^potoStplambOT 1,1884 846
PvrahaMd ftnm BapUnberl, 1864, to IC117
0,U66 20,714
Bae«iT«dftom sundry tooroea 800
Beeal^ad ftxwn eaTaky (tganafcrred) 2,014
Total 28,864
Total 28,864
BovBi^ATenga price only approztmato. Nnmber sbown on report of eavalry aa transferred to
artlDflry. 6,644 ; number shown 00 report of artUlery aa reoalTOd ftom earalry, 2,014 1 di(brene^ 8,630.
BzplaiBed thne: ArtQlary bocaea sent to Qieabenmgh ware recetrad aa OBTaiiy and altorwaxd tcana-
ftrred to artOlery.
Beport of the purchase and issue of mules at dgpots under direction of the First Divie-
um, Quartmnaster-OeneraTs Office, from /September 1, ISSJ^ to June SO, 186S.^»
SUmCABY TO FORBGOnro TABLB.
On baad at dapoto September 1,1864 16,886
Puxohaoed September 1, 1864, to June 80,
1846 46,881
BeceiTedftomenndxysooroee... 67,080
leaned to dopartmento 61,811
Sold 18,478
Loot, deatroyed, and died 7,886
OnbandatdepotoJnneSO, 1866 88^168
118,886 Total 118,886
iL.'^tatement of quartermaster's property for the fiscal year endxng June SO, 1866, \
SALES OF PUBLIC ANDfALS.
As far as returns to this office indicate, there has been sold since
the 8th of May last, in accordance with General Order's, No. 28,
Quartermaster-Generars Office, current series, the following number
•Omitted, except the " Sunmary." See foot-note (*), p. 240.
t Omitted. See pp. 184, 136 of the Ezecntive Document ref ezred to in foot-note
(•) p. %4S^.
17 B r-tBebies m, VOL y
258 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
of animals, viz, 53,794 horses and 52,516 males, for which the sum of
$6,107,618.14 was received. It is probable that when fall returns
shall have been received the total amount of sales of animals from
the 8th of May last np to the present time will be found to be upward
of seven millions of dollars.
As required by the provisions of General Orders, No. 42, Quarter-
master-General's Office, current series, these sales, with one or two
exceptions, have been conducted by employ^ of this department,
and this course has in all cases proved more advantageous to the Gov-
ernment than the employment of the professional auctioneers of any
one locality for sales in that locality. The prices obtained by employ^
are generally greater than those secured by local auctioneers.
The success of this division in supplying the armies in the field has
been mainly attributable to the zeal and fidelity of the officers acting
under its orders, among whom I would mention —
Bvt. Col. C. fl. Tompkins, assistant quartermaster, XJ. S. Army,
Washington, D. C.
Capt. Ingham Coiyell, assistant quartermaster, late in charge at
Saint Louis, Mo.
Capt. L. Loury Moore, assistant quartermaster, New York City.
Capt. George T. Browning, assistant quartermaster, Giesborough,
D. C.
Capt. E. C. Wilson, assistant quartermaster, Buffalo, N. Y.
Capt. J. L. Trumbull, assistant quartermaster. Saint Louis, Mo.
Capt. C. Hay, assistant quartermaster, Washington, D. C.
Capt. D. W. McClung, assistant quartermaster, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Capt. E. C. Reichenl^h, assistant quartermaster, Harrisburg, Pa.
Capt. J. M. Bradshaw, assistant quartermaster, late at Chicago, 111,
Capt. H. A. Du Puy, assistant quartermaster, Syracuse, N. Y.
Capt. C. H. Gallagher, assistant quartermaster, Wilmington, Del.
In the claim department I have had the valuable assistance of Bvt.
Maj. J. T. Powers, assistant quartermaster, f
All these have served faithfully and energetically, and I take pleas-
ure in bearing this testimony to the Quartermaster-General.
The following is a statement of public moneys received and dis-
bursed by me during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865:
On hand July 1,1864 ....- $3,254,732.42
Received from officers daring the year 873, 888. 75
Received from Treasury Department 4,851,800.00
Received from salesof property,&c 20,657.67
Total 8,501,078.84
Expended $3,719,070.18
Transferred to officers 4,295,963.72
8,015,088.85
Remaining on hand June 80, 1865..^ 486,044.99
Deposited as follows :
First National Bank, Washington 488,192.28
On hand 2,852.71
486,044.99
Estimates made by various quartermasters for the purchase of
animals during the fiscal year approved by me :
For the purchase of horses $28,600,456.66
For the purchase of mules 6,434,637.66
Total 80,035,094.82
UNION AUTHOBITIE& 259
GVASMB.
The bnsinees in the claim branch of this division has been increasing
rapidly since the jMussage of the act of Congress of July 4, 1864.
During the fiscal year ending Jnne 30, 1866, the whole number of
claims, regular and miscellaneous, filed amounts to 4,174.
Knxnber acted on 8,782
Niunber not acted on '. l,88d
Total 4.174
Very little progress has been made in the adjustment of these claims,
as previous to January 1, 1865, only 800 had been filed, 3,374 having
been filed during the last six months.
Considering the many disadvantages under which officers of this
department labored in the discharge of their duties in the field, and
the necessity of intrusting important positions to acting quarter*
masters, I find claims for animals taken for public use by them to be
comi>aratively easv of adjustment, as, with but few exceptions, the
proper accountability has been rendered except in cases where records
and papers have been captured or destroyed by the enemy; hence the
great mass of claims filed is for property taken by unauthorized offi-
cers of the Army, not accountable to this department.
The following difficulties are met with in the adjudication of these
claims, viz:
First. Where memoranda receipts are given and the signatures of
the officers certifying are unknown, and the only evidence the claim-
ants can furnish that the officers took the property are the receipts
themselves, great difficulty and embarrassment result from not being
able to determine the genuineness of the signatures. Before the mus-
ter out of service of the trooiw it was the practice to communicate by
letter with the officers themselves. The number of receipts given by
irresponsible and unknown parties in the name of officers has
attached suspicion to many claims, no doubt just and equitable, which
I do not feel satisfied to pass upon without the verification of the
officer's signature.
Second. Where memoranda receipts have not been given I am of
opinion that the interests of the Qovemment cannot be sufficiently
protected by adjudicating these claims upon the ex parte evidence,
which under present regulations can only be procured. As a gen-
eral rule, just and equitable decisions cannot be given upon evidence
presented by claimants unless the department can adopt some practice
of examining witnesses in the locali^ where the claims originate.
Proof of loyalty seems to be so easily procured that from the records
of this division it would seem that few have ever been disloyal, and
I respectfully suggest that an additional guard be thrown around this
kind of evidence; at least to require officers and witnesses to state
their reasons for believing the claimants to have been loyal at the
dates the claims originated.
The kind and character of evidence furnished in support of the great
mass of these claims are insufficient to satisfy me that the property
has been ''actually received or taken for the use of and used by''
the U. S. Army. As the act is now construed a very limited number
of the claims on file will be allowed, and if a more liberal construc-
tion is given in regard to the phrase ''proper officer," I would respect-
fully suggest that a board of officers be appointed in each military
department to examine and report ui>on these claims.
260
COBHESPONDENCE, BTC
In cloBing this report I canncit but express to the Quartemuister-
General my high appreciation of the uniform kindness and courtesy
he has extended toward me in the discharge of my official duties, and
I feel grateful to that Providence who chooses the bounds of our habi-
tations for having assigned me, during the prevalence of the great
slaveholders' rebellion, to a department of mammoth proportions and
of great resi>onsibility, under the guidance and direction of an officer
of distinguished ability, with whom I have had such delightful per-
sonal and official intercourse.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JAMES A. EKIN,
BvL Brig. G^., in Charge First Division^ Q. M. G. O.
No. 3.
Statement of daims (regular and mUceHaneous) filed in the Firtt Division of the
Ouarterrnatter'Oeneral'9 Office during the flsocu year ending June 30^ 1866, and
from July i, X866, to October to, 1865, showing the number paid, referred^ and
recommended for eetUement^ the number rejected and suepenaed, and the number
not acted on, with their respective amounts.
Thit.
Claims flkd.
Paid, rafemd.
for MtUement.
BiUectadandsna-
pCDded.
Kotaolodon.
Num.
bor.
AmooBt.
Horn,
ber.
A«nAini£.
Num-
ber.
AmiMint
From July 1,1864. to Dec.
31.10M.
From Jau. 1. 1M5. to
Jimeao,lM6.
MO
3.874
$248,472.60 1 084
1.087.100.00 881
8211,158.60
356,750.00
78
1,038
$18,279.00
211,231.00
27
1.356
m. 06a 00
580.118.00
Totia during the
flscftlyear.
From July 1, IMS. to Oct.
»,186S.
4,174
3.781
1,345.672.00
1.367.480.00
1,675
210
567.900.60
74,514.00
1.117
31
226.508.00
11.047.00
t.882
3.640
561,168.00
L. 271, 025. 00
Total
7,065
2,703,058.00
1,885
642.414.60
1,148
237.550.00
4,922
1.823.004.00
Many claims entered in the column of ** rejected and suspended"
have been rejected for want of evidence or accountability for the
property, and may come before the department again; hence the
impossibility of discriminating between " rejected " and " suspended."
Many of the claims entered in the column of '^not acted on" are
under investigation.
Respectfully submitted.
JAMES A. EKIN,
BvL Brig. Oen., in Charge First Divisimiy Q. M. G, O.
First Division, Quartermaster-General's Office,
November 8, 1865.
No. 4.
Quartermaster-General's Office,
WasJiington, D. C, October 19, 1865.
Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
Quartermaster' Oeneral U. 8. Army, Waahingtoriy D. C:
General: In response to the circular of the Quartermaster-Greneral
of July i24, 1805, requiring reports of the operations of the several
UNION AUTHORITIES. 261
diyisions of the office daring the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, 1
have the honor to submit the following tabular statements collected
from the tables submitted to this office, in conformity with orders
therefrom based upon the circular above referred to:
1. Statement of number of articles on hand and not transferred to
the armies for issue June 30, 1864, showing the points at which they
were stored.
2. Statement of quantity of material purchased during the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1865, showing the quantity and cost of each kind
and where purchased; also total quantity and cost of all.
3. Statement of number of articles of clothing and equipage pur*
chased and manufactured during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865,
showing the quantity and cost of each kind, where purchased or man-
ufactured; also total quantity and cost of all.
4. Statement of number of articles on hand and not transferred to
the armies for issue, June 30, 1865, showing the points at which they
were stored.
5. Statement showing the aggregate expenditure for the purchase
of clothing, equipage, and material at the purchasing depots of New
York, Philadelphia, and Cincinnati during the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1865.
6. Statement showing quantity of material purchased at the depots
of New York, Philadelphia, and Cincinnati since May, 1861.
7. Statement showing the number of principal articles of clothing
and equipage purchased at the depots of New York, Philadelphia, and
Cincinnati since May, 1861.
8. Statement showing the highest and lowest prices paid by the
department for articles of clothing and equipage during the past four
years of war.
These tables present in compact form the operations of the cloth-
ing and equipage division during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865,
and, as far as the reports that have been received to date will permit,
the operations during the last four years of war.
The clothing and equipage supplied to the Army during the last
fiscal year have been procured by purchase and manufacture at the
principal depots of Philadelphia, New York, and Cincinnati, and in
relatively small quantities at Saint Louis, Quincy, III., Steubenville,
Ohio, and at Milwaukee, where the work was distributed among the
needy relatives of soldiers in the ranks of the Union Army.
The material required for the manufacture of these large supplies
has been drawn from our own markets, and has generally been made
from native products.
Although very large demands have been made on the department
during the xmst year, they have in no case exceeded its ability to pro-
duce and issue with promptitude the supplies required for the Army in
its most extended operations. Perhaps the most prominent instance
of the kind was the successful supply of Sherman's army after its
triumphant march through the Southern States to the sea-coast, where
it found at the right time and in the right places everything needed
in this branch of the department.
The articles were shipped principally from the depot at New York
upon short notice, and it is due to your own foresight and the
promptness and energy of the officers in charge of the clothing and
the transportation branches at New York that the success was so
complete.
262 COSRESPONDENCE, ETC.
The tabular statements herewith will afford more precise knowledge
upon the points referred to than could be given in narrative. The
results are that there has been produced during the year material
amounting to $21,416,818.84; equipage, $13,515,305.09; clothing,
$70,087,282.20 — ^making the exx>enditures for all objects, including
IMiyment of rents, compensation to employ^, d;c., more than
$105,019,406.13.
The commencement of the war found the department prepared
only for the supply of the old Army-^a force on paper of about 13,000
men, with an actual strength seldom exceeding 10,000. The supplies
of clothing and equipage for this force had been drawn entirely from
the Schuylkill Arsenal, at Philadelphia, where they were manufac-
tured under the supervision of the officers in charge from materials
purchased for the purpose.
The sudden expansion of this small army to the great armies called
into existence to quell the rebellion rendered necessary corresi>onding
changes in the administration and operations of the clothing branch
of the Quartermaster's Department. The manufacturing of clothing
was increased to the greatest limit possible, employing from 8,000 to
10,000 operatives at once. Yet this force was found unequal to the
task before it, and it was soon evident that other sources mu^t be called
upon to assist in meeting the demands made upon the department.
Two other principal depots were established in the summer of 1861,
at New York and Cincinnati, respectively, and under the charge of
enerffetic and skillful officers enabled the department to furnish
supjuies nearly as rapidly as required.
Both the manufacture and purchase by contract of the various
articles required were pursued at Philadelphia, New York, and Cin-
cinnati, the manufacture alone not being of itself a sufficient source
of supply.
Many of the regiments called into service were clothed and equipi)ed
through the agency of their State authorities. In some cases where
authority had been given them by the War Department the States
were reimbursed through the Quartennaster's Department, after the
examination of each account and its reference to the proi)er disburs-
ing officer for settlement, as in the case of his own purchases. In
other cases States were reimbursed by the United States through the
Treasury Department under a special act of Congress to that effect.
The necessity of resorting to this method of partial supply soon
passed away with the more perfect organization of the department,
and since the first year of the war the department has been able to
meet with alacrity every call made upon it.
Depots for the manufacture and purchase of army clothing and
equipage, in addition to that at Schuylkill Arsenal, have been estab-
lished during the war at New York, under General Vinton; at Cin-
cinnati, under Capt. J. H. Dickerson, but since his resignation it has
been under the charge of Col. W. W. McKim and Col. C. W. Moulton;
at Quincy, 111., for the benefit of suffering Union refugees and rela-
tives of Union soldiers, under the charge of Capt. N. Flagg, assistant
quartermaster; and for similar objects at Steuben ville, Ohio, under
Capt. Alexander Conn, assistant quartermaster. Saint Louis, Mo.,
was also at an early date made a prominent point for the manufac-
ture of clothing, to give relief to impoverished operatives, friends of
the Union cause in Uiat city.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 263
Pnrchases, except when specially authorized to be made in small
quantities at other points, have only been made at the three depots
of New York, Philadelphia, and Cincinnati. At all others the arti-
cles manufactured have been made from material sent from one of
the three last named, generally from Philadelphia.
The object for which these smaller depots were established seems
to have been fully accomplished, and the department has been well
and economically provided with good serviceable garments near the
points at which they were wanted for issue.
The smaller depots above mentioned have, since the termination of
hostilities in the field, been broken up, in compliance with orders
from the Secretary of War, and the garments moved to the central
depots of Saint Louis and Cincinnati.
Col. W. W. McKim, in charge of the Schuylkill Arsenal, calls the
attention of the department to the importance of substituting fire-
proof buildings for the wooden structures now in use as store-houses
at that depot.
The value of the property now stored there is about $20,000,000,
and is in constant danger from fire. Locomotives pass along the entire
length of the wall on the northern side many times every day and
night. Colonel McKim reports that he has rearranged the stores,
endeavoring to place the most valuable in the brick buildings; but
much of it still remains in the wooden sheds, put up under pressing
emergencies during the war.
I respectfully recommend that the brick buildings at present com-
posing the permanent store-houses of the arsenal be enlarged and
altered, so that they may be of sufficient dimensions to meet the
increased wants of the service in this particular. No purchase of
land would be necessary — simply the enlargement of the present
buildings as they now stand, on ground owned by the Government.
It is not deemed necessary to submit details, unless the general plan
shall be adopted. The matter, however, is one of much importance,
and I hope it will meet with due consideration by the department.
The experience of the past war has developed the fact that exact
uniformity of texture and quality of material and articles are in some
respects not altogether practicable. The department will, however,
from that experience, be enabled to arrive at exactly what the markets
of the country can afford, and thereby determine such standards as
are attainable by the majority of dealers, and at the same time equal
to the requirements of the case. I recommend such modifications
where they are necessary.
The quantity of clothing and equipage reported on hand June 30,
1865, being nearly the full supply preparatory to any demand that
might possibly have been made during the past summer, is large in
view of the much reduced forces. I am of the opinion, though, that
were these articles forced upon the market for sale, being of that
description for which there is no demand outside of the Army, the
sacrifice would be greater than any loss that may result from damage
while in store.
As to the material, much of it I believe might be sold to advantage,
and I shall submit special reports recommending such disposition to
be made of it.
The prices of clothing and equipage during the war were constantly
advancing, and kept pace with the fluctuations of the Government
264 COBRSSPONDENCE, ETC.
currency. I have submitted in illustration of this fact a statement
showing the highest and lowest prices paid from the beginning to the
end of the war. It will be observed that the prices of many impor-
tant articles have more than doubled, and in some instances they have
even quadrupled their former value.
The complaints received from the armies as to the inferior quality
of clothing and equipage have been very few, and have principally
been confined to articles of equipage, especially knapsacks and haver-
sacks, which, being manufactured from painted cloth, are from their
nature subject to great deterioration, particularly when packed
together, as they necessarily must be for transportation and economy
of storage. It is generally concaded that the supplies have been of
the most serviceable quality, and furnished in plentiful quantities.
The tabular statements submitted herewith do not include the pur-
chases made by State authorities, the accounts for which have gener-
ally been settled by the Treasury Department under act of Congress,
and from appropriation therefor not estimated for by this depart-
ment.
They will give, however, in condensed form, full information as to
the operations of the division of clothing and equipage during the
last fiBcal year, as well as interesting information concerning its oper-
ations during the last four years of war.
Respectfully submitted.
ALEX. J. PERRY,
CoUmdy Quartermaster^ in Charge Second Division.
No. 5.
Monthly statement of clothing reported on hand at the various clothing depots for
June SO, 1864.*
No. 6.
Monthly statement of camp and garrison equipage reported on hand ai the variona
clothing depots for June SO, 1864.
* Omitted. This statement and No. 6 (following) are printed in Vol. IV, this
series, pp. 907-912.
UNION AUTHOBITIES.
No. 7.
265
statement of quantity of material purchased during the JUcal year ending June
SO, 1866,
ArUelM.
AlpMMsUaek yuda.
BantlBC nd, wUto^ and bloe . . piaoM.
BorlM» yards.
BncUM, pantaloon grooa.
BattoBo do..
Braid, |-inoh,Mariet yaida.
Crayoinn, taUon' boxes.
Dark bine, I yardi.
Dark bine,! do..
Seailetftoing.f do..
WliitofMinK.| do..
Si.B.ftelnfE»l do..
Ootd, tent laong ponnda.
OottoB, sowing spools.
1>nck,ootton yards.
Drminc,ootton,| do..
Canton,
Gray
^Siiied^i!
Blue wool, f .~...
>M
..do.
..do.
..do.
Blue wool, i do.
Opera do.
Hooks and eyes gross.
Kecsoys :
Sky-blae,f yaids.
""^^ T.I
Sky-blao.1
Dwk,|
Linings
.do..
..do..
..do..
Isoe:
Wonted ........... .......... .do..
Silk do..
Lsatber:
Wax upper feet.
Sole poands.
Welt do..
Mnalin delaine, llght-bloe yards.
MnsUn:
Bleached,! do..
Unbleaobed do..
Psdding, canvas do..
Baling
Yam
Bolt
Silesia, black
BOk, yellow floss.
poands.
r;..do..
do..
yards.
poands.
r..do..
Twlnn do..
Twine, eotton docen.
Taotline,nianila poands.
Wadding doten.
Webbing yards.
Webbing, linen. 1| do..
Philadelphia.
18,573i
1,174
150,108
2,405
208. «M
42,102
1,000
850.0271
48,258
1,885
82
1.813
7.810
88,400
22,5851
000.0201
054,518
2.120.090
193,060
1,892,823
853. 7n4
3,087,827i
2.5261
899.000
13,8701
2,100,458
30.140
530.2751
410. lOOl
28.107}
1.012
.281
2.19
II
Kew York.
18,458.85
21.015.00
51.808.11
1,273.55
87.780.15
480.42
000.00
1.874. on. 51
147.418.00
5,542.00
482.42
0^703.25
8,777.96
9,000.75
10.004.40 !
880.000.70
844.038.04
1,097,000.84
872.048.02
1,815,380.83
:S»
.51
.00
.27
.40
.211
:i?
.30
.301
15.05
3.141
.274
LOSf
.85
.04
890.00
870.137.08
5,891,804.83
5,580.20
538,000.00
9,160.80
04,150.08
10,784.04
107,1
228.800.27
14,558.53
098.28
141.01
814,328.25
25.071.84
1,781.40
750.30
1.093.05
20,895.02
150.50
310.033.12
2,752.71
1,307.25
700.20
14,175.00
87.828.85
421.20
10,000
0070.20
266
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC
No. 7. — Statement of quantity of material purchased during the fiscal year end-
ing June SO, i^e5-— Continued.
Articles.
Cincinnati.
c
I
Alpaca. blMk yards.. 2,187^
Banting, red, white, and blue . . .pieces
Burlaps yards . . 102, M3 J
Buckles, paotaloon gross
Buttons do... 78,322
Braid, (inoh. scarlet yards . . a 16, 306
Crayons, tailors' boxes
Cloth:
Dark blue,} yards
Dark blue,} do... 406.561
Scarlet facing, I do
White facing,} do...i 249
S.B.facing.| do..-!
Cord, tent lacing pounds
Cotton, sewing spools..
Duck, cotton yards. I 1,493,181
Drilling, cotton, I do... I 906,841|
Flannel:
Canton, f do... 1.990,82»
Gray twilled. I do.-.l 1,842,028|
Blue wo<^, 9 do...i
Bluewool.1 do... I 574,945i
Opera do...i 1.5171
Hooks and eyes gross.. I 1,152
Kerseys : I
Sky-blue,! yards
Sky-blue,! do... 416,213^
Dwk,|.... do
Linings do
Linen, brown do.
Lace:
Worsted do... 1,100,092
Silk do...
Leather:
Wax upper feet..
Sole pounds..
Welt do...
Muslin delaine, Hght-bluo yards. .
Muslin:
Bleached,! do...
Unbleached do...
Padding, canvas do. . .
Bope:
Baling pounds..
Yam do...
Bolt do...
Silesia, black yards..
Sil k, yellow floss pounds . . 461
Thread do... 41.337
Twine do... 11,281J
Twine, cotton dosen
Tent line, manila pounds.. 101,788
Wadding dozen.. 9,610
Webbing yards.. 20,160
Webbing, linen, U do... 40,320
1.791
.82i
1. 07 A
2.071
P.
r
$1,740.46
83,016.42
28.388.63
17,464.80
JB43,296.33
4.95
1,233.75
1.30
.46}
.581
;i. 887. 675. 01
I 424.721.22
930,283.56
ll, 080, 118. 45
.90 A
.90
.35
L29A
1,090
455,075}
90,839|
.381
.28 A
11.451
•Jlr^a
.02/,
.051
1,000
856,827)
449,919
1.385
831
1,818;
7,810
88,100
1,515,666^
1.571,870jb
2.6U.838I
3.962,119}
193, 950
2,467.7681
i.&nl
4,152
853,777,
4,104.041
2,5r-
899,696
1S,876|
3,285,560
86.149
530,275j
416,1
28,107i
1.012
292.00 ; 1,614|
175.501.89 1,189,9644)
619,018.47
1,366.74
403.20
44.124.20
18,7601
1.174
252.769)
2,405
287.016
!75|
iOO)
i07|
26,288.57
5,281.50
80,187.05
21, 439. 69
b8,829.10
9,002.73
546.00
2, 170. 00
210.566
13.848
5.002
5,645)
88.992)
471
110,981(
17,0101
811)
194.365)
26,010
803,782
51.552)
|1
|§
3
$10,192.81
21.015.00
84,824.53
1,273.55
96,077.78
17,908.72
6oaoo
1,874,077.51
970,714.23
5,542.00
1,716.17
6,793.25
2,777.98
9,069.75
1,903.739.41
764.89L01
1.874.816.60
2,177,185.29
372,048.62
2.234,407.80
1,305.74
1,009.20
879,187.08
6,428,t(L50
5,530.29
533,600.09
9,159.80
139.960.06
10,784.04
167. 699. 69
238,800.27
14.553.53
098.28
4S3.61
489,829.64
61,959.91
1.761.40
750.30
1.603.65
26,895.02
5.441.00
299,220.17
24,192.40
1.367.25
59,629.30
23,177.73
38,374.85
2,591.20
a Binding.
Respectfully submitted to the Qoartermast^r-G^eneral.
ALEX. J. PERRY,
Colonel, Quartermaster's Department.
Quartermaster-General's Office, Second Division,
October 21, 1865,
UNION at;thobitie8.
267
4
1
X
k
J8?
$420,074.95
716,145.00
625,965.00
342,626.72
2,765,100.00
S :
ii
131.915
162,500
240,000
190.640
441,000
§;
S88888
ami
.mm
§§§§§§
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S88SS SS8 S2S
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5
268
COBBESPONDENCE, ETC.
iflal
^Am^s,
UNION AUTHORITIES.
269
8SS8
mi
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S8S8
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8S88S3&3SS;6 88688 8S SSSC
IsiSE^l^ill^ urn U iUe
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270
COBBBSPONDBVCE, ETC.
88 SC: S9 &8 &S^8S&8SS88SeS8 388 388:1
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UmOK ADTHORITIES.
271
S8S8I3 SSSS!SS SSS f.S 3S 8S;!?S3;; SSSS S!!8!!38S8 S8S8 S3S
imt mm tit u ^i mm t^u iimm ^m m
272
COBRESPONDENCB, ETC.
S8S9SSsai883%!;SSS& 83S8S SS 8SS3
I
4
t
I
I
1
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V
I
VmOS AUTHOBITIB8.
273
yn|Ai»qng|g pro
^« p»Jl1I^O«J1l
pn poM^anid X^r
'oa&Doo nqnma
inqnmaiviox
Si§8 U S§§-*2SS SS"! "&§S§
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3i
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U.
18 B B— 8BBIB8 m, VOL V
Hail
Mi
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11
I
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274
COBfiESPONDBXCE, STC.
I
4
\
I
i,
I
I
§,
9 'oinuunqiw^s pm
9« poin^ovjnnva
pm poraqoind £n^
-mmb JO oeqaraa i«|ox
11
III
II
I
I
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IliFlilliiMillfi"
HHI*
UNION AUTHOSmEa
275
No. 9.
MxmMff Haiemeni of elothmg reporUd on hamd at the variouB doihing depot9
on Jvne SO^ 1S66,
ArtlateofdottlBf.
t
I
J
I
UnlfbimooKte:
angtacw*
Oraunoe
ArtiUery
Infuitry
UBifonnJftckcU:
CavJij
ArtfllOTy
iBflntry
ZouftTe
Knit
iBTftUd Corps .
Unifonn doaMn :
8,916
888
8.711
Bt,oeo
40,984
1,888
8,841
1,784
89,896
89,809
79.981
18.116
1.000
8.409
88,884
44,186
18.486
96,684
«.«B8
lB,886
96,094
8,408
17,078
8
6b 948
6,788
1,678
1,074
6,100
9.066
781
1.647
6.819
4.176
4.908
6.699
8.664
ZoBUve..
Knit
OoitOB-daflktroiiMn .
ZooATO Teste
Ovsnllt.
SUrto:
8,188
1,886
86,407
64,186
88,708
17.888
77.488
1,780
888,116
81.407
8,646
07,888
81,788
1.984
88,918
8,916
17.174
4,868
878
4,669
n
11.888
88,468
16
Hon
I for gTMilcoftto .
filMkete:
Wootan.
Bnbbor oad pointed .
6,410
164,888
88.918
148,470
17,644
108,888
46,179
181.080
888,741
88,611
888.088
804,880
64.800
t.841
8,780
78,080
89,854
86,088
16
89,764
18,808
84,768
88,910
88.411
7.444
4.888
8.409
40,804
46,600
188,744
71.871
180.860
108.886
148, Ul
48,788
886,604
811,746
160.178
116,719
46^466
88,410
88.886
88, lU
86,947
18.860
84,007
81,807
141,866
00,784
01,018
41,178
11,480
8,816
10. m
18,480
8,008
4,068
88,788
10.810
00^410
40.018
17,907
8,889
7,»S
6,881
18,064
19.188
8,797
9,488
Beokooote:
Lined....
UnUned.
Knit
800.884
100^819
178^416
148,881
166,680
44,816
44,107
188
18,898
11.888
Btoeks,!
UnUbnabata:
tTntrimmed.
UnUbrm oopo....
iPorego 019* ....
ZoooToeapo
887,780
98,068
8,841
711,086
164,147
10.871
88,810
8^066
169.797
99.007
118.907
818,791
68.878
88,114
84,744
816.797
88,669
41.988
154
186.788
Bteblefiraoka.
Oloreo
Uittene
Knepsaoka ..
BaToroacka..
Centeeno ....
83.114
6. 618
744
118.898
8.180
44.065
1.780
872
U4,406
7.888
7,007
68,801
866.888
^807
0,440
40,090
18,686
48,808
81,886
4.166
88,648
80,086
80,807
11.070
86.888
46.869
1,178
6,867
9tt
18,747
18.088
18,808
A887
889
68.666
1,608
8.001
^614
48.888
86,481
88.887
84,446
m
8.090
1,119
9,010
86
9,680
1.1?
1,600
■"'878*
8.194
1.061
11,078
1,186
1.860
186
Brofcana .
LMtherg
rgaltora
Waterpioot lilanketa:
111,679
111.744
a6,740
57.006
1.084
86.879
88,807
118.488
88^884
848,868
40.101
194,147
11,888
40.188
66,987
67.680
1.8T7
08.006
8.888
86,008
88.618
16.680
18, 6U
41.406
87.066
19,969
9,747
11,880
9.819
8.888
116.948
87.011
276
COBBBSPONDENCE, ETC.
No. 9. — Monthly statement of clothing reported on hand at the various clothing
depots on June SO^ 1866 — Continned.
▲rticlM of clothing.
I
1
a
%
I
1
1
1
rniformcoftta:
Rnffin^wn*
120
67
464
944
.!:5.
OrdnEncD ■■■■....•.•
,,.
2
Artillery
8.218
12,118
9,848
10,830
8,185
InfantiT
181
158
42
1,040
1.118
191
2.246
6,457
8,924
1.266
86
660
14,847
6,167
TJniforiDiaoket*:
Caralry..... r
587
Artillery
688
InfantxT
Zouare
KnH -.-
51
484
436
204
Invalid Corps
1,688
48.785
25.858
426
28,612
1,859
1:^
129
6.476
2,810
400
Uniform tronaera:
Footmen
5,868
4.198
8.529
Hora4mi<ni ^ ■,-...,
1.710
Zoaave
Knit
Cotton*daok tronaera
Zooave yeata
Oreralla
2,604
47.600
55,668
18,227
20
7,301
9,657
Drawera .....................
548
021
22
2.462
6.878
20,850
27,866
6.360
4.062
11.523
10.668
4,027
Shirto:
Flannel
4,475
Knit
ZoaavA irraT . ....... r
::::::::::::::::
Greatooata:
Footmen
9.141
8.855
23.621
80,147
26,602
382
12
8.635
848
930
58
5.750
83
1.142
4,272
1.958
14.500
930
19,078
12.189
14.021
60.797
12.164
7,903
149
19
272
5.176
2,002
10.060
6,886
8.332
Horaemen
1.367
Strapa for greatcoato
BlankeU:
Woolen
6,506
8.246
Rubber and painted
Ponchoa
<.u
1,648
T||]lQ||g ,.,
Sackooata:
Lined
23.076
8.660
752
76,838
44,520
5,158
08,332
26.861
6,962
480
475
6,876
10.827
10,000
20
88
868
U6
1.148
6,038
8,800
Unlined
Knit
Booteea
648
136
2,728
141
16,179
1.853
9,017
8.152
807
52
7.867
2,355
6.609
Boota
1.194
Stockings
1.866
8,448
789
2,460
22,373
1.851
873
12,857
8.085
2.163
7.079
Stockn. leather
5.170
722
2,296
Uniform hata:
Trimmed
6
17
Untrimmed
1.000
17.022
10
Forage caps
796
6,828 17.991
9,348
68
9,631
8,272
Zouave capa
Cap covers
15,717
1,955
174
200
7.650
8.190
81
Stable ftocks
1.006
086
32
218
77
164
4.697
58
8,140
Saahea
48
Olovea
Mittens
166
6.756
26.706
29.420
10,967
6,772
7,643
2.ni
Knapsacka
4,615
4,041
3,713
12,190
18,477
20,860
7.783
6,485
7,384
""'ui'
5,616
6.641
8.236
8,923
Ifaversacks^ ±^^.
8,688
Canteena
8.584
Brosana
Leather gaitera
Waterproof blanketa:
Horsemen
4S6
Footmen
UNION AUTHORITIES.
277
No. 9.— JTcmiMy statement of clothing reported on hand at the various clothing
depots on June SO^ i^85— Oonttnaed.
AzUdlMofolotliliic
J
^
1
1
1
1
r
i
J
1
1
%
13
:::::::;::::::::
* '** 1
ArtlllWT ,
168
4,889
4, ISO
1.373
2.366
2,376
4.770
2,441
166
69
13
126
:::::::::*::::*
76
InlkDW
1.646
218
1.704
2,450
i;748
7,742
699
80
488
291
586
UnifonDJacketo:
CATairy
111
.ArtiDerT
188
Tnfkntrr
2.284
ZOWTO' • ■•••••>■'•.■.•'•
\\\\\V.\""V.\.
::::::::::::::
Knit r
8,681
8,986
4.911
9.260
2,272
iBTalldCorM
29.562
R.900
276
11,757
622
700
1
227
18,506
6,384
17
HoTMNnMI.-
181
ZooATe
KnU . .
2ff1iaTfl T98U ■•• ••
IW«wmn«
808
84.886
86.462
i'oM*
9,287
126
12,106
19.687
12
28.589
18.729
8,219
Drawvn ..•••••......
426
6.180
""to
1.400
1,708
1,249
606
466
878
Slilrto:
290
Knil
61
ZoQATB. oraT
GrMtfloatoi
Footmen ......x,.-r-T
61,716
8,260
10.286
6.789
721
2,606
1,008
'i;749*
7,386
8,659
21474
14,341
11.213
2.668
2.717
2,691
8.704
9,368
7.506
40
106
819
876
810
15
3.689
626
36
1,042
'""40*
98
13,142
7,488
6
26,060
89
HorMiiMii
268
Strmim for oriMtMHito
1,207
4,166
679
WOOl«B r
Poaches ZTT..
66
TahoM
SMkooAta:
LliMd »
1.667
7,202
4,960
3,270
2.843
*i,'42i"
1,066
682
617
666
ii'Si'
41
TTnlined
274
F»Hr
pootoca
68,794
8,409
8,642
819
12,662
2,336
27.647
6,849
83
167
18,889
640
279
456
47.624
12.677
2,706
464
Boou
Lcfffffam. ...r,
SSffiS:::::::.:::::::..:..
22,877
9,010
286
2,486
914
1,974
28,071
9,510
12,621
12,824
2,374
13.771
""97*
2,400
1.218
2.461
1.133
168
18.740
6,264
28.178
618
<^^t, HWthfir
102
Unifocmhato:
TiimsMd
87
UntiliDmad
Uniform Moa
Toraff* oana •••
6,606
4,171
12,690
9,109
82
6,784
248
110
ZooaTftoam. ..•.'* -r .^^r t
o!^wm:..v:...:...::::.:.
79
14,976
127
208
•— 20*
14
1,000
1,400
18
StaUefrooka
'"lie'
2,994
115
607
156
Saabea
OloTca
Mitt4naw..rrr.
1,986
1.866
1.899
2,000
"*i76*
^69
260
233
2.783
19.620
17.516
Knanaaoka
14,571
13,946
7,074
13,298
11,820
8.076
17,484
20,872
16,463
9,647
27,142
21
462
10
66
HtTfiraaaka ..
84
Oant4MMM
192
Hrofana...
T.Mtii«r cait«rt -
Waterproof blanketo:
6.600
7,859
Footmen
278
CORBESPOKDENGE, ETC.
Ko. 9.— IfotiiUy HatemetU ofcloOUng reported on hand at the various clothing
depots on June SO, i^«5— Continiied.
ArttdMofelottiJBg.
1
!
1
}
(
1
^
JEngtiiMnV -
1,129
18,618
4
74
7.280
2,301
^Artillery
1,026
926
2,808
2.066
"ii'dii*
85,634
Tnt^pt-ry
819
1.009
200
2,261
680
282
1.711
1,885
600
866
860,658
Uniform Jaoketo:
897,089
131.090
2?^S;"::::;:::::::::::
4
InftotrT
7^686
ZOOttTO ..........TTT-....
8
1,868
KDlt..r.rr--T
24
14.929
62,786
IhralidCofiw
600
8,068
8,089
Uniform tronsen :
ypotin^ffi ....,,....,,,,.T
152
88
1,846
800
«^S
640
814
8,456
061
6,117
828,768
86L509
ZOQATO .«»....r..»T1T T
S
TCnH
ZoUftTOTMto .............r.r
OyeraUs
2.828
9,206
11,042
2,009
10,641
83,610
Drft wen ■•••••
187
87
1,288
1,811
9,078
10,647
972
1.116
8,864
1,166,541
Bhirto:
Flaanfll.....
1.130.488
894.126
KnH—r,--
ZODATO. ffniT .»^-»-»..TT-
17,687
Footmm
U
09
809
921
475
0,428
2:207
18,722
9.264
7.865*
1.789
2,866
444
1,175
648
626
103
677
6,842
1,138
610
2,636
2.681
6.918
4.603
18,431
1,500
820
8.066
1,041
651,564
HoTMrnon >
278.161
Btimpo forgTMitooats
949.283
1.009.106
884,976
816
Ponohoo
210,005
TlllmMr,rTT. -r-r.r.r
SMkooate:
Lined
404
120
99
8.098
186
622
117
1,883
6,830
7.688
4.106
761,644
Unltned
680,645
KnH
81.870
1 500.679
Bootees
882
100
1,809
800
u.^
6,476
468
998
8,686
789
8,026
1,616
1,479
7,851
4,877
2.800
Booto
iS^082
l^ggingm ,,,, ^^^,-,-^
SB.' 461
St^MKUCS
859
1,546
i;907
1.163
272
6.761
4.442
1,691
33, m
13.768
6,602
6.063
7.486
6,044
386.998
839,394
68.201
Uniform hftts:
Trimmed .T,,r
Untcimmed
Uniform oape
83.096
Fontffo oftne
800
2.219
10.130
1,179
2
18,079
6,471
880,248
8.575
164.987
188.070
2U0
Zonnve onps
Cftpoorers....
2.810
677
8
8.877
183
89
64
2.140
210
6,000
Btoblefrockn
Saahe«
8
06
48
Qloyee
mttenii ,
6,810
6.247
5,286
8.190
47, 313
ICnftpenoke
899
188
661
8,684
2.860
2.880
1,889
1.488
8.406
11,342
6.464
4.806
4,886
6.082
4.850
868,578
622.821
Hft^'OFiwoks
900
900
Canteens
845,209
Brogane
70,393
2,064
Wntenpnofblnnketa:
Horaenien
122.198
Footmen
$880
UNION AUTHORITIES.
No. 10.
279
Monthiif Bt<tiement of camp and ffarriaon equipage reported on hand at the varU
0U8 clothing depots on June SO, X8S6.
Articlea of eqnlpaips.
t
I
SiU^toDts
ComiDfln tentB
Slieltor tente
Frtmoni and Bell tent« .
T«DtttOTM
TVwIiTka, Mingle
Bedaaeka, double
ICoMoitobars
Boglmontal oolora
Canpoolora
National colon
Standarda.
Storm i
Oarrlaon 1
BeernitiBg]
Gnldona..
Piekaxea.
Axea.
iflan
aon flan....
litiBgflaga.
iooyela
Hateheta
Heaa-pana
Ironpota ■
Camp-kettlea
»««&..
Tnuapeta ~
Drama........
Fifea
Goneral-hoapdtal flaga
Poat and field flaga
Amlralance flaga
Uoaqaito neta (pieoea)
Booka:
Company order
Oompany dothing ac-
ooont
Company daaoripttva . ...
Companvmomingreport.
Poat order
Poat morning report
Poat letter
Poat guard
Segimentalgeneral order .
Begfanental letter
Begimental deacriptive. .
B^fanMitallndex
Begimental order
Target Practice
ConaoUdated morning re-
port.
loapeotora* report booka.
Brigade letter booka
Brigade letten-reoeiyed
bSoka.
Brigade order booka .... .
Brigade
In&rw
4,396
80,fl63
8,074
es,64a
8.006
20. 575
201
8,420
204
440
74
62
1.086
446
23.630
17.041
21,072
864
81,410
80,618
371
17,260
346
402
1,816
2,076
47
62
38,104
1.011
1,800
1.837
2.661
961
036
880
634
643
803
310
488
253
1.053
random booka.
818
8.677
152,041
2,016
1.868
26,602
0,511
100
448
87
108
186
00
802
231
7,200
16,216
8,786
8,604
18.812
80,742
710
28,264
67
720
1,688
2,007
48
200
1.876
8.710
2
826
124,241
80
46
170
1,602
126
686
76
86
282
221
14.146
8,046
1«,264
12,740
10.452
76,168
26,621
441
880
651
1,166
128
1
1,628
T7I
80
1.088
62,206
808
12,076
4,048
10,472
78
182
46
40
15
28
88
418
10.060
4,208
12.047
8,804
9,806
24.612
16
4,806
1,886
748
801
1.684
4
89
7,660
16,794
2,675
62
680
8
470
80,187
887
220
26
4.166
10,800
066
8.467
4,666
27
6
646
7
23
66
62
18
6
18,606
21,065
17.043
7.106
13,025
22,810
107
611
802
67
42
683
41
146
150
1,661
1,646
8,486
2,838
15,622
17
238
10
17
3
60
26
2.686
1,863
8,415
462
1,208
4,403
80
13
106
886
1.130
66
126
360
17
138
208
2.907
18,640
226
2,462
66
80
52
830
60
100
055
200
440
682
8,100
8.506
8,000
2,026
264
8
6
244
07
42
2.660
2,515
2,563
2,764
1,011
1,036
1,364
608
216
474
493
882
160
440
465
472
448
468
70
67
83
117
eo
62
65
66
64
205
814
262
841
165
224
220
45
103
220
141
212
107
50
620
957
867
964
607
621
644
563
83
00
153
90
77
46
106
103
254
714
185
17
31
11
24
10
0
15
67
1,100
2,136
1,067
1,101
2,026
6,p69
1,827
237
176
143
248
27
83
76
163
904
218
115
103
104
166
120
101
132
170
226
60
280 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Ko. lO.'-Monthly statement of eamp and garriaon
the various dotJung dqpots on June SO,
on handat
ArtldM of equ^Age.
I
H
a
I
I
lyiteiit*.
170
OtnominitAiitt,.,.
8bdt«r tentu
Frtmontaiid BoU tenU.
TintclATM
Bid«Hk«,glactA.
B«4i*Ak%d<ralti«-.
Kcnqnlto b*n-..
HegJioKiii tal cvlura
Cjunp colfiTfi^
Kmtioiwl oolum...
2,451
11,104
85
179
2
2,14B
2,848
800
1,124
1,084
100
101
8toTra Aun^....
GmrriHni nmmt , , »*
BeeruUfDf nugt
Qtild^DA Hi* ^ .., ^ . , ^
Pickiiiw ,
AZM
SmdM
Bmrrels
Hatoheto
liesa-iMiia
Ironpota
Camp>ketUet
BagiM
TrwnpeU
Dranu
Fife*
Gtoneral-hospiUl ilagi
Post and fleld flufs
AmbnlaDoe flaea
HoaqaitonetaCpiaoes)
Books:
Company order
Company clotbing ao-
oonnt
Company deaorlptiTe . . .
Company morning report
Poat order
Poat morning report. .
Poat letter
Poat guard
Regimen talceneral order.
Regimental letter
Regimental deacriptlTe. .
Regimental Index
Regimental order
TarjgetPraoUoe
ConaoUdated momlngre-
port.
Inspeetora* report books.
Brigade letter books
Brigade lettera^recetred
books.
Brigade order books
Indorsement and memo-
landnm books.
67
58
17
28
2,542
1,048
1,558
2,200
5,584
12,826
57
2,452
58
47
00
713
4
18
821
838
83
81
71
188
106
100
180
121
107
829
202
70
48
858
1
496
11«205
88
875
16
876
867
6
80
6
4
4
5
6
18
66
162
175
259
489
GOO
227
288
75
1,714
25, rs
6
629
15,418
1,082
68
9
44
6
4
2,985
556
2,682
112
644
7,960
1,749
644
828
161
1,840
1,101
121
50
19
51
84
8
8,007
82
107
865
10
128
147
4
8
SO
21
81
8
2,888
8,257
2,871
1,480
2,747
8,541
25
1,859
91
199
94
29
18
80
200
184
82
162
117
43
28
40
10
20
48
31
58
58
2
12
6,633
a
4.288
902
2
52
2
16
2
661
254
816
4
16
848
5,100
2,061
7
9
17
20
4
1,270
501
11
15
42
80
a
42
87
5
UNION AUTH0BITIB8.
No. 10. — Monthly ttatement of camp and garriaon ^ ,
the various clothing d^ts on June SO, H
281
on hatidai
AxtiolM of eqnipKS-
!
1
i
1
10
86
t
1
S
1
^
MO
6*
40
608
5
258
6.556
186
93
7
1
""iii"
6
▼•fl-tOBtll.. .......
181
MUftT tmita
806
0,901
S»
26
7M
5
868
887
9.285
85
262
""iw
461
1,668
818,981
1
46
89
81
86
7
47
6
88
10
1
9
66
1,868
1.878
1.888
3.480
IS
686
Sbfthv tint*
810
Vt«noBt and Bell teoto
TlaatstoTva
"'ioi'
814
571
1,008
1.026
488
1,662
FMiMTln ■ingk ...
870
667
"'"n
108
a
a'
90
XoMmitobttn
267
Sef&eotal eolon
6
8
16
18
74
16
8
a'
.......
*i'947*
1,911
28
295
27
4
189
74
86
19
2,874
5,870
80
!.«.
70
85
110
io"
4
8
88
1,606
1,880
1,751
686
2.206
886
40
150
""*884'
74
6
84
7
5
8
8
4
Onp OOlOTB
mmdATila ,
BtniBllan
18
1
3
a
a
6
QiRteonlljMa
3
Rfcnilthiff flftn
19
80
8.071
QvidoiM
45
88
17
850
80
120
488
167
846
"■*6i6*
884
6
106
810
41
91
808
98
AXM
184
fteftdM
8,848
888
sEStSUvv .VI. , I
Hatcheto
548
18.888
l.^
177
SSf!mmi
788
SoKSS:. 1
SSpJketttoi :::::.:..:..::::
168
84
»'1S
88
72
177
28
9
8
86
167
89*
48
8
60
6
4
7
17
70
184
154
16
7
870
BofflM
9
Trmnpete
DnraM
16
f%
nfes
Post uid Held llagiKT.
28
AmbnlMioe flftgsT
HoMnitonetaiDtooM)
Books:
884
287
846
224
91
88
84
55
79
90
n
117
69
81
114
50
15
17
15
18
84
28
17
17
21
5
J
10
7
27
86
86
44
a
11
1
1
86
11
81
18
17
7
7
10
8
i'
4
1
18
19
as
6
480
480
460
584
6
6
2
4
OonpanydeMriiSiTe.....
Conprary morning ropoit.
1
1
1
2
Post morning Toport
Post letter .r...rr.
86
3
Poatfnmrd
Befimentftl letter
Bflglmentf J dewariptiTe ..
BeglmentA] index
BegimentAl order
85
86
58
45
81
54
2
5
10
9
11
7
o'
18
19
8
18
6
8
11
10
9
106
77
179
111
47
OofneoBdated morning re-
port.
Inepectore* report booka .
'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
" * * 1
'
Brinde letter iMoke
,
Brigade lettera-reoelTed
booka.
Brigade order booka
I-.
1
x:::..:
randnm booka.
I
282
C0BRE8P0NDENCE, £TC.
No. 10. — MonMy statement of eamp and garriaon ^
the various dothtng de^ts on June SO, 18
lonhandat
ArttolMofeqiiipage.
^
1
1
1
I
1
,
1
s
Horaltalteati
25
82
10
1
2,874
4.897
2
81
**"*i85'
856
6.121
15^678
340
^^Snff!.:.:;.::;.::..::::
8
28
SlblsytaBto
228
8,069
••IS
53,908
8,788
IMmootMidBell tenta
TsntttoTM
SO
27
987
■*"492"
80
500
8
274
"645*
"278*
4*
13
4
5*
11.688
116. 8IS
50,223
Bedsaekt, tinffle
150
Bednankai donVlA
Hoaaaitoban
7
re
7
2
2
1
8
2
1,288
1.402
1,405
61
1,191
8;882
1
9
2
57
13
''S
6
21
6
1,284
748
RWmiflan
5
1
19
19
285
96
128
""iTO
1,440
OftrrlwMiflaff*
:::;::::
487
Bdornltlnffliin
3.108
2,039
103.228
98.548
105,132
47.381
1U,247
864.006
1.678
106.417
8,893
8.869
6.865
11.747
611
SS^S^^^y^..:::::^
"i,'»7*
260
500
18
498
2,849
19
979
170
"mo'
296
606
PiokszM
12
7
7
190
255
98
Azw
SlwdM
bEotS".:.:::::::::::::::::
Hllt^lMrtff „
34
188
229
716
8,925
809
3,279
ViMM-panii
Iron pots
CMni>-kett]M
71
7
1,161
693
18
827
2
3
29
77
2
Tf
47
6
80
1,106
9
2
80
61
S!X :r^.;:::::::;:::
Tmmpeto
Drams,
6
4
63
102
4
6
22
21
Fifes
pSt^flffdfliff?!?::::::::
951
Ambalsnos flsgsT.
2.887
88,164
8^858
8,571
a658
8,748
6.256
6.829
6.511
4,647
1.772
1,701
1,848
2,160
1,521
2,708
Kosqnito netsTpieoes)
Books:
Compsay order
10
10
10
10
30
35
81
35
80
12
13
13
58
73
M
18
85
49
r
50
50
50
105
14
20
11
13
13
62
37
40
38
38
4'
1
1
3
3*
Company clothing so-
oonnt.
Company doscriptlTa ....
Compsny morning report
Post letter...... ^7
1
8
6*
7
6
4
Fostgonid
1
1
Begimental cenersl order
1
18
1
1
1
24
20
Tsivet PraoUoe
port.
Brigade let! er books
9
8
10
6
207
books.
Brigade Older books
198
128
Ih^rsement and memo-
121
nndom books.
Bespectfnlly submitted to the Qnartermaster-Gtoneral.
ALEX. J. PERRY,
Colonel, Quartermaster'e Department,
Quabtebmasteb-Genbral^s Officb, Second Division,
October 21, 1866,
UNION AUTHORITIES.
283
No. 11.
statement shomng^ the aqgrtaate eaependUure for the purchaee of clothing, equi-
page, and maieriai during theflaoat year ending June SO, 1866, at the purchasing
dipote at New York, Philadelphia, and Cfineinnati.
PbUiidelphlA.
New York.
Clnolimati.
ToteL
Clothing
$30,287,473.96
7,992, 26&.»
14,878,46121
«28,840,<M0.42
8,105,147.20
976.20
126.448.767.83
2.417. 902. 24
6.787,878.43
$70,087,282.90
13.515,806.09
21,416,818.84
Sasaa*:::::::::::::;::::::::::::;.
Total ,
42.968,198.82
20,446,163.82
35,606,048.49
100,019,406.18
Bespectfnlly submitted to the Qnartermaster-G^eneral.
ALEX. J. PEBRY,
Colonel, Quartermaster's Department.
QUARTERMASTKRrGKNERAL'S OFFICE, SECOND DlYIBION,
October ei, 1865.
No. 12.
Statement showing the
g the quantity of material purchased at the depots at New York,
Philadelphia, and Cincinnati since May, 1861.
ArtidM.
Philadel-
phia.
New York.
CiBoinnati.
Total.
WwtUio cldthii and keracTti
I darkblne cloth (uuifDrm cckat) yards.
I d*rlc-blii« cidtli (iiulform coal},. do...
I dark -h\ no cUi th ( foraga up \ ,,.. do. . .
CsBlFen (o4?rflriiig) . ,* ,,. ...do...
1 Rkj'LIuakftrMJ - - .*.... do...
»ky-biuekefHj ,,., ....,,.,.-. do...
[ dArk-bluakersQj.*,,,,., do...
idhrk-blueksneey.^..,,.......,,,..,,.^ do...
jencii fWitng-d^th '.,......,.-......... ....do...
I thj^blne l^faf ^lotti .. . ,..«^.«,.. do.
\ ftky-blDC! facioff-flJoih . _hl. ....... .—..... ...do.
Ln^alarclolh............. ^...do.
CqHobi
HoapllaJ l«Dti, SO-Iscb . 22^otmp«. . , . . . .do. . .
Haajpilal-t«iit ni«4« 30'kich, 15|-DUEi«a do...
Wall and Sibkv^ lenus S^-lucli, l&-Qiiticse....do...
WflJI-tatit*, *Ai^itit:h, \'Si tniiic©.... ..^....do...
Wall ■ tfiut ll}«*, 2^ incli , lU-dQiiDQ. do. . .
L'omiDc^Ei t<^Dt«. 22 Jiich, n-onQce **.+**. .....do...
ComDicjD t«i]td, 22-Juc:li^ 1^-Daac« ..,,., ._in....do. ..
T«ut frilb and biili!!^, ^i^i-iuchn g-outiro do...
Tifibt £rllia and balio^', :;j'J-iui::k^ Ii^-oaanu,... do...
nanaels:
I Canton flannel do...
Gn^ do...
ibloe do...
I Une wool (aaok coat) do...
iblaawool(aackooat> do...
Black aileatn do...
Moslin twills and conetjeana do...
imoalin twills, unbleached do...
cotton drilling do...
cotton drilUnff .....do...
UotUm, sewing, spools nnmber.
Basal* sheeting yards.
Alpaca do...
fiVownUnen do...
Canras padding do...
LintwCT do...
Webbtaig, ooUon, l*ineh do...
Tape * pieces.
Webbing, cotton, l|-inch yards.
Flax, bagging do...
PisteboKd pounds.
588,496
1,630,889
4,820
109^487
772,841
11,760,168
60,736
450,626
929
8.028
12,405
90
880,255
11,265
152,155
184,588
14,516
46,722
21.092
8,111
3,220,219
4.818,994
883,960
310,886
2.662,119
887.992
6,834
2,029,747
2,805,100
281.789
413.448
100,057
197,873
146,803
896,903
8,720,104
188,607
20,118
6,006
5,785
890,000
166,000
28,250
188.000
802.000
884,000
25,000
10,100
1,061,250
680
680.510
770,249
139,700
257, 117
78,500
822.516
1.508,948
893,784
3,845,409
200.162
2,312,510
2,414,648
1,094,776
261,316
600,000
16.900
498,500
19.000
2,167
72,248
78,278
8,000
128,000
20.160
14,400
40,820
1,701.012
1,796,889
28,070
100,487
910,841
14,066,111
944,786
484.826
929
8,028
22,505
90
830,255
11.265
25,022
152,155
893.784
4,029,997
13,516
46.722
221,254
8,111
5,532,729
8,314,892
334.649
991,396
4.427.041
477.693
263.458
2,369,569
2.995,100
231,780
923,848
109.057
219,040
118,546
675,181
2,720,104
28,160
826,007
6,086
5.786
284
CORBEBPONDENCE, ETC.
Ko. t2,^Statement showing the quantity ofmaUrial purehaaed
New York, PhUadaphia, and Cincinnati Hnee May, 1861-^
at the depots at
AxtlolM.
Phfljide!.
phla.
New York.
ToUL
Bimtizkfft
SSf...
White.
BIiw..
.pli
Wonted laoe:
li-lneh
Hnoh.
i-iiioh.<
SaklM*. |1
imk,Mwing,
BttrUiM....
do...
do...
.ytidt.
...do...
...do...
...do...
Stendarddrilla
Luster
Throod
Battona:
Co»t
V«t
Shirt
ScMpender
AUUnds
BacklM:
f-inoh, roller
i-inoh, roller
1-inch, roller
U-ioch, rolkr
FUx Mwing twine
Hooke and eyes
Baling rope
Cotton twine
Flag thimbles
Chin-strap slides
Leather:
Bneksklns
Sheep, moroooo, skins. . .
Black, bridle
Bosset, bridle
Wax. upper
Sole
Welt
Stock
Visor
Chinstrana
Split, for Knapsacks
Cap leatiiers, complete
Tentbnttons
line, large
twine, cotton, sewing .
...yards..
....do...
....do...
.pounds..
1,788
1,546
787
800.668
1,844.768
i. 672, 206
78,562
42,644
271,540
10,000
17,000
8,000
160,100
800,000
1,018,860
6.000
6,000
"do.
..do..
..do..
180,871
88,825
148,601
228,601
106.067
111.806
8,011,797
8.627
13,427
28,660
16,670
88,850
88,350
20.766
18,212
10,060
21,068
do...
do...
do...
do...
..pounds.
gross.
..pounds.
..rr.do...
do...
.number.
....do...
...sides.
....do...
....do...
feet.
.pounds.
do...
....sides.
feet.
....do...
. .pounds.
13,040
8.531
2,241
4.806
2,828
25,184
40,681
1,051
8,186
, .number.
..pounds.
..fT.do...
8.526
222,180
2. 117
8,247
16,081
2,500
520,875
1,805,082
158,268
652
18,872
8.857
24.058
41.063
2.442,056
40,804
16,000
80,670
1,003,200
20,788
18,646
8,788
440,768
2,144.708
6,600,565
78.602
48.644
880,845
8,011.787
8,527
208,206
112,476
105,026
276.163
248,497
21,068
13,640
8,531
2,241
4.M6
8,874
41,220
40,631
30.670
8,526
222,180
2^117
8,247
16,081
2,590
520,875
1,806,082
166,203
652
18,872
8,857
24.068
41,063
4,846.256
40,804
16.000
Respectfully sabmitted to the QaartermasteT-General.
ALEX. J. PERRY,
CoUmel, Quartermaster's JD^aartment,
Quartebmasteb-General's Office, Second Division,
October tl, 18S6.
No. 13.
Statement showing the number of the principal articles of clothing and equipage
purchased ai the depots of Philadelphia, New York, and CHncinnati since May,
1861.
(KoTB.— This statement Indudea only articles purchased already made up. It is ezdualTe of the arti-
dee manuHiotured ttom material purchased, for which see BtatemOBt Ko. 6.)
Articles.
Philadel.
phia.
KewTork.
Giaetenati.
Total.
048,004
501.125
2,898,772
607,907
8,844
5,001
667,000
343,400
2,105,674
658,420
845,828
160,646
1,473.008
527.829
1.881,727
1.104.161
6,06&O40
1,688,746
8,844
SLOOl
Jackete
trousers, foot •
trousers, horse
Yesto
Oreralls
M,'666
UNION AUTHORITIES.
285
No. IB.'^Statement thawing the number of tfie principal artides of dothinp andk
equipage purduued at tne depote of PnOaduphiaf New Yorkf and Cinemnati
since May, i^i— Oontinned.
Artielaa.
Phfladel.
KawTOTk.
Ttttai.
Shiru
Gnfttooat*:
Foot....
Il2&£r«~«~^
Woolen ,
Bobbor and pointed
Poreboo nbbor end pointed..
Taluee
Seek coots:
UnUned.
Kni*
Pegged.
Sewed.
pegged.
nga.
Stecko.1
Uniiramhote.
cope.
FoBigocepe..
Graeoren. ...
Bteblefrocka.
Oloreo
Mittene
Knepeoeke..
HoTenaeka.
flocpltoltente.
Wea-tente
atU^jtente...
OommoB tents .
Shelter tento..
BeUtento
Tentetoree..
eingle
donble.
lioeqnltobon.
Begunental oolore .
Campooloro
Vetioool oolore ... .
Stonnfloj
OaniooB
Beeroiting
Guidons.
Piekazee
Axes
flecB...
Bg flags.
Spedee..
Shorele..
Batcbete
Mees-peue
Ironpote
Camp-kettles
Bnglee
Trampete
Drnma
FIfoe
Homital flags:
Poet and fleidll'/.Iir.IIIII.'
AmbolaBoe flags
Books; ^^
CoinpoDyorder
Company fflotbing .........
Conpany deecriptlTe
Company morning report. .
Post oroer •.
Pioet momliigTCport
4.607,800
4.Stt.fl66
i,oa.2Si
437.886
1,706,758
1.090.802
800.807
682. yro
26,461
1,081.188
SM.461
8,381,647
608,016
146,188
7.801,640
276.864
701.666
6.287
2,168.622
100. 148
18.618
74.670
86.676
1,208.637
1,714,319
1. 078, 787
16,243
88.641
21,672
128.037
086,826
24,777
88.748
48.275
0,680
765
1.818
880
286
306
25
867
4.180
70,448
276,005
107,010
68.887
187.760
446,642
1.306
232,666
8.717
8,288
18,164
16,588
261
686
2,600
12,414
14,002
14,848
18.811
1,804
2.000
8.406.800
4,881,684
1,068.600
818,300
2,880,068
728.700
264,626
6.258
1.460.000
842.160
680,144
2,788.800
124,080
568.682
841,800
27,000
7.420.586
419.000
880.618
1.644,280
884.200
108,000
22.080
1,480,810
1,841.400
1.008,200
7.606
28.626
16.000
124,808
19,600
147,000
80.000
124.000
1,021
7,800
917
226
780
667
2.670
4.561
114,010
188.000
121.700
28,881
135.888
298,800
1,700
141.000
7,700
4,610
13,840
12,420
101
201
401
16.660
17.200
16.060
16.460
8.000
8.000
2.682,166
2.860,340
on. 661
878.886
886,630
1.600.104
210.000
800,766
8,000
1,186,616
872,868
80.780
1,886,460
781,168
6,160
4.808.764
60.560
682,840
868.286
180,243
46.000
6,000
92,000
044,887
1.008,888
1,817.567
1.265
2.783
165
3.142
384,140
1,287
1.175
664
1.602
500
180
600
1,476
68,682
130.268
84,879
60.636
70. 174
281,422
162,648
4.010
2,010
4.602
4,687
1.760
8,631
8,629
8,681
8.681
1,161
1,818
10.788.866
11,001,680
1,806,610
1.088,681
2,104.288
5.810,060
1.888.007
1.006,660
84.710
3.686.786
1,800.270
080,144
6.062.207
2,180,880
186.680
1.468.648
1.073,008
177.807
20,819.886
746,814
2,347.504
16,788
4.766,100
674,686
164.000
26.717
74.570
200,076
8.688,824
4,664.606
6,200,614
26.118
70.040
86,836
256,047
2,100,806
1.287
45,468
170.748
70. r 5
183,586
2,860
11,121
2,807
1,211
1.497
762
8.627
10.216
256,280
666,868
813,889
148,864
843,328
1,026,204
8,006
686,208
21,427
14,858
87,486
82,640
662
890
4,661
37,706
40,521
39.940
38.402
6.146
6,818
286
C0RBE8P0NDENCE, ETC.
'Ko. 18. — St(Uement shawina the number of
equipaae purehcued at the depoU of Ph
since May, i^tfi— Oontinned.
the principal artieiea ofdothing and
ladeljpfcfa, New York, and Cinannati
ArtiolM.
Phlladd.
phia.
New York.
Ctnoinnatt.
Total.
Books— Cootia ae^.
Pool letter
PootgnarA
Begimentali
Begimental I
Begimental deocilptiTo. .
Beglmontal index
Begfanontol order
Target Praotioe
ConaoUdated morning report .
2,000
1.680
3,170
2.471
2.118
1,914
2,763
808
8,000
8,000
2,0M
2,156
1,956
1,556
2,066
1,506
965
750
1,251
1,250
1,800
1,249
500
6,506
5,515
4,976
5.878
5,324
4.770
6,068
Bespeotfally submitted to the Qnartermaster-Gtoiieral.
ALEX. J. PERRY,
Colonel, Quartermaster's Department,
QUABTEBMASTSB-GSNSKAL'S OFFICE, SECOND DIVISION,
October tl, 1866,
No. 14.
Statement showing the highest and lowest prices paid by the department for
articles of clothing and equipage during the past four years of war.
Articles.
Uniform hat
Uniform hat feather
oord and tassel..
eagle
oastle
shell and flame. .
Grossed sabers . .
crossed cannon .
bngle
leUers
nnmbers
Foragecaps
Forace-cap coTors
Uniform coats
Jackets
Chevrons :
N.C.S pair.
First sergeant's . . . . do . . .
Sergeant^ do...
Corporal's do...
Cadocens
Shoolderscalss:
H.C.S pair..
8ergeant*s do...
Private's do...
Trousers:
Footmen's
Horsemen's ..............
Sash
Flannel sack cost:
Lined
Unlined
Lowest
Highest
price.
price.
$L62
.084
♦^lU
.10{
.16
oo|
.02
.08
.19
.04
.04
.011
.01}
.03
.02*
.OOJUL
.02
.ooJC
:!!1|
.OOofi
.85
1.04
.07*
.12*
4.06
14.67
4.25
9.94
.30
.45
.18
.85
:1?J
.27
.18
.35
.80
.35
.80
.33
.80
.25
.60
2.05
5.40
8.31|
5.89
1.98
2.50
2.10
5.09
1.87*
4.37*
Articles.
Shirts:
Flannel ,
Knit
Drawers:
Flannel
Knit
Stockings
Bootees:
Sewed
Pegged ,
Boots:
Sewed
Pegged
Greatcoats:
Footmen's
Horsemen's
Blanketa:
Woolen
Rnbber
Painted
Ponchos:
Robber
Painted
Leather stocks
leggings
Cotton leggmgn
Overalls
Stable fVocks
Hospital tento and flies
Wall-tonta and flies . . . .
Common tento
Shelter tento
Lowest
price.
90.45
.87
.72
.22*
1.71
1.33
3.00
1.45
6.50
7.74
2.181
2.00
1.90
1.87
1.83
.08
1.12*
.74
1.81
.62
56.40
23.50
9.87
1.93
price.
$3.01
2.84
1.90
1.78
.52*
8.24
145
4.83
4.08*
13.17
16.11
7.75
5.00
2.35
5.60
2.35
.13
2.00
1.25
2.06
2.23
227.61
55.00
25.00
10.74
Respectfully submitted to the Qnartermaster-General:
ALEX. J. PERRY,
Colonel, Quartermaster' » Department,
Quartbruaster-Genebal's Office, Second Division,
Octxiiber SI, isoS,
UNION AUTHORITIES.
287
No. 15.
Statement'Of etaims received in the Second Vivision of the Quartermagter-OenercU^s
Office during the fiscal year ending June SO^ 1866,
Number. Amount.
Beoeived
Reported to Third Auditor and referred to ofBcere for settlement.
DieaUowed (in tbeir preeeat condition)
Hot ' '
198,274.66
M,«ea.2S
8,682.65
22,928.78
Respectfully submitted.
A. G. ROBINSON,
Capt. and A. Q. M,^for CoL Alexander J. Perry ^ in Charge Second Division,
QnABTERMASTER-GBNBRAl.'B OFFICE,
Washington, D. C, November 4, 1866,
Statement of claims received in the Second Division of the Quartermaster-Oeneral's
Office from July 1, 1866, to present date.
RseeiTvd
Reported to TbiM Auditor and referred to offloert for eettlement .
Diullowed (In their preeent condition)
Not acted on
Xumber. Amount.
$4,516.00
10.25
2. 484. 40
2.021.25
Respectfully submitted.
ALEXANDER J. PERRY,
Colonel, Quartermaster's Department, in Charge Second Division,
QUARTERlfASTER-QEKERAL'S OFFICE,
Washington, D, C, November 6, 1866,
No. 16.
Quartermaster-General's Office,
Washington, D, C, August 31, 1865,
B\i.. Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
Quartermaster- General U, S, Anny, Washington, D, C:
General: I have the honor to report for the fiscal year ending
June 30, 18G5, relative to the operations of the Third Division, in
charge of the ocean and lake transportation of the War Department,
as follows:
Daring the first month of the year the office work of the division
was nearly suspended by most of the employes being called into act-
ive service in the field to assist in repelling the rebel raid on Wash-
ington; nevertheless, sufficient steamers were promptly on hand at
City Point for the transportation of the Sixth Army Corps to Wa.sh-
ington and Baltimore, I'endering efficient service in driving back the
invading force.
Also, in this month, the army of General Canby was moved from
New Orleans to Mobile Bay, co-operating with the navy in the reduc-
tion of the forts.
From August to December no large army movements requiring
water transportation were made, but a great number of steamers were
used to forward the supplies for the armies before Richmond.
In December the approach of General Sherman's army to the Atlan-
tic Coast taxed the resources of the department to the utmost extent.
288 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
The precise point of his advent was not known ; it was a stormy season
of the year, and only reliable ocean steamers could be used, with a
proper regard for the lives of the passengers and the property on
board.
At this time some 300,000 men, including the armies of Grant and
Sherman, were dependent entirely for their supplies upon water trans-
portation. The winter was unusually severe ; storms swept the ocean,
and ice blocked the bays and rivers. Notwithstanding, the troops
were kept well supplied, and stores and forage were sent as far south
as Pensaoola, and a large number of light-draft river steamers and
tugs were sent to Hilton Head, S. C, to be on hand for the naviga-
tion of the shoal rivers of the Southern coast, all of which, fortunately,
arrived in safety and rendered efficient sarvice after the fall of Savan-
nah and Charleston.
When General Sherman's army left Savannah, in continuation of
its victorious march through the Southern States, a part was trans-
ported bv sea to Beaufort, N. C, while the light fleet of steamers fol-
lowed along the coast, ready again to meet and co-operate with
the army at Wilmington and Morehead City. A large number of
canal barges were sent via the Chesapeake and Albemarle Canal to
carry supplies up the North Carolina rivers.
On the 24th of this month (December), an eventful one in our his-
tory, the first attack on Fort Fisher was made, and ocean transporta-
tion was provided for the land forces from City Point, Va., and,
when the expedition proved unsuccessful, brought the troops back to
Fortress Monroe. In January another and successful expedition was
sent to the Cape Fear River, resulting in the fall of Fort Fisher and
the evacuation of Wilmington, N. C, by the rebels.
The department was much embarrassed at this time by the diffi-
culty of procuring ocean steamers whose draft of water would allow
them to enter Cape Fear River, and at Morehead City, which were
not safe to attempt with a greater draft than twelve feet. Steamers
had to lie at anchor on an open coast in midwinter and discharge
their cargoes in small vessels.
In this connection I would state, as worthy of remark, that during
the last fiscal year only three vessels in the service of the War Depart-
ment have been lost at sea. One of them, the North America, was a
new, first-class steamer; another, the General Lyon, took fire and was
burned ; and the third one, the Admiral Du Pont, collided with a ship
at sea and was sunk. These were all chartered steamers, and the loss
of life and property was not great.
From January to the surrender of General Lee, in April, the water
transportation department continued faithfully to supply the two
great armies of Grant and Sherman, and nearly every ocean steamer
of any capacity in the country was employed.
After the surrender of the rebel armies in the Atlantic States, and
the virtual close of the war, every exertion was made to reduce the
expenses of the depailment, and vessels belonging to the Government
were sold and chartered ones discharged as fast as the service would
allow.
Of the first class it is not supposed the Government will realize a
sum from their sale in proportion to their original cost. The require-
ments of the service were such that they were always under a severe
strain, and, notwithstanding frequent repairs, the close of the war
found most of them in bad condition. Many ships were yet required
UNION AUTHORITIES. 289
to carry back the retaming veterans, and, in addition, transportation
had to be furnished for thousands of our own released prisoners, and
for rebel released prisoners, refugees, and freedmen, to the points
nearest their homes.
In May a requisition was made upon the department for ocean
transportation for the Twenty-fifth Anny Corps from City Point, Va.,
to Texas. This corps numbered about 25,000 men.
The inclosed tabular list will enable you to form an idea of the
requirements necessary for a large ocean expedition.
It comprised fifty-seven ocean steamers (one of which made two
voyages), making the entire tonnage of the vessels employed amount
to 56,987 tons.
They were all provided for a twelve-days' voyage, allowing for the
consumption of coal, per day, 947 tons, and for water, 50,000 gallons.
While all the vessels were employed the expense of the expedition
amounted to $33,300.91 per day.
Each vessel was fitted up suitably for the cargo to be carried.
Bunks were constructed for the troops, and stalls for 2,139 animals,
being part of the expedition.
The vessels were supplied with an ample quantity of coal and wat^r
and were thoroughly inspected, so that in case of disaster no blame
would attach to the department for sending unseaworthy vessels.
They all arrived safely at their destination, no accident of any kind
having been reported.
At the same time the Texas expedition was under way, 7,000 troops
were sent by sea from Washington to Savannah, and 3,000 released
rebels from Point Lookout and Fort Delaware to Mobile.
With this closes the work of the ocean and lake transportation
division for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865.
No mention has been made of transportation on the lakes, as none
was required except one small steamer used for the convenience of
the prisoners on Johnson's Island, between that and the main.
The inclosed tabular list of transportation employed by the divis-
ion shows the number of vessels in service during the year, from
which it appears the average daily expense of the division, for the
fiscal year, amounts to 1(92,414.
The average number of steamers employed, owned, and chartered,
351; tugs, 111.
llie average amount of tonnage of the above, 171,081; tonnage of
tugs, 13,262.
The average number of sail vessels employed, 89.
The average amount of tonnage of the above, 17,738.
The average number of barges employed, 168.
The average amount of the tonnage of the above, 22,903.
The total number of vessels employed, 719.
The total amount of tonnage employed, 224,984.
In closing my report, I would respectfully make some remarks rel-
ative to the duties of my division, and the transportation, by water,
of the United States.
At the beginning of the rebellion we were found wanting in nearly
every material preparation for the war, except an ample supply of
ships and steamers, the importance of which was very great in a coun-
try like ours, penetrated in every direction by navigable rivers, and
indented on the coast by deep and sheltered harbors.
19 R Br-SBRIBS m, VOL V
290 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC,
Nothing contributed more to the success of our cause than this,
enabling us, with the assistance of the Navy, to concentrate rapidly
and secretly large bodies of troops ujKjn the weak points of the enemy,
and in this way New Orleans, Hilton Head, Fort Fisher, City Point,
Mobile, and the great Mississippi Valley were cleared of the rebels.
That they fully appreciated this is evident from their desperate and
frantic efforts to destroy our shipping by the torch of the incendiary,
torpedoes, or the more open attack by armored vessels.
In the first rush of troops to the war, by the inexperience of quar-
termasters, or the unfaithfulness of Government agents, and not over-
patriotic shipowners, many unsuitable vessels were employed for the
service and paid at high prices. This was remedied as soon as possi-
ble by the Quartermaster-General, and a scale of prices fixed per
ton for the guidance of quartermasters, and stringent orders issued
that no vessel should be sent with troops to sea unless she had been
properly constructed for such purpose.
All charters were made allowing the department to take possession
of the vessel by paying 33 per cent, profit on the valuation, and the
running expenses and repairs, and be credited with the amount paid
for charter. By this means a large number of vessels became the
property of the Government, and the higher the rate of charter the
sooner the vessel would pay for herself. The valuation was fixed by
one or more officers of the Navy duly detailed for that duty.
It is important that quartermaster should inform themselves of the
kind of steamers suitable to carry troops by sea.
If a side-wheel steamer, in order that the paddle wheels may be
secure from the action of the waves, the projection in the side, called
the 8i)on8ing, should be carried up so as to make that portion as solid
as any other part of the ship. This is to be done by carrying timbers,
curved according to the form necessary for admitting the water to the
paddles, from the floor of the ship to the very outermost projection as
well as within the paddles, de\iating very little from what would be
the regular form of a sailing vessel.
According to the best author! ties, the following parts of a vessel of
this kind should be increased in actual strength by one-fourth, viz:
The keel, stern, apron or inner stern, futtocks, floor timbers, dead-
wood, stern post, transom, inner post, frame timbers, and filling tim-
bers abreast of the engine, as should also the wales, the rudder, and
the rudder fastenings. The steamer should be provided with suffi-
cient masts and sails, in case of accident to her motive power, which
should not be less than a fore-and-aft sail to each mast, set upon a
gaff, these being intended for the usual wants of the vessel; while
there should also be a trysail to each mast, to be set in storms.
The weight of machinery should be well below the water-line; and
quartermasters should not be deceived into employing as ocean
steamers river or lake vessels boxed up to resemble a sea vessel, but
having broad guards only a few feet from the water, and which the
first storm at sea is liable to send to the bottom.
Steamers for the transportation of troops by sea should be high
between decks, and well ventilated by hatches, wind-sails, and side-
lights. Water-closet arrangements and temporary bath fixtures can
easily be made, which contribute greatly to the health and comfort of
troops on shipboard. Dampness can be obviated by the use of drying
stoves.
I would respectfully recommend that the arms, baggage, and knap-
sacks of the troops be taken, as they embark, and stowed in a con-
UNION AUTHORITIES. 291
venient place, to be returned when about to leave the ship. Soldiers
from seasickness, want of use to the motion of the ship, are unable
to take care of their arms, which might be damaged without the
possibility of their preventing it.
When a steam vessel comes alongside of a wharf or other vessel
care should be taken that the gang boards are properly fixed and
attended by seamen before the troops are allowed to step on them,
and they ought to be made to march with regularity.
The senior officer in command of troox)s on board should cause a
careful inspection to be made twice a day relative to their condition,
and if any symptoms of a contagious disease should appear among
the men, they should be immediately separated from their comrades
until the character of the disease is known.
While a well-regulated ship is remarkable for health, one where
proper precautions are not observed soon becomes a floating pest-
house. A steamer for the transportation of troops should be well
provided with boats ready to lower away at a moment's notice. She
should be fitted with sufficient life buoys, ready to be shipped or cast
away if a i)er8on should fall overboard.
The troops on board should on no account be allowed to interfere
with the management of the ship, and arrangements should be made
in case of accidents to prevent a rush to the boats.
If a boat is to be lowered, it should be done by the people of the
ship, and not by soldiers unaccustomed to that kind of service, which
often causes loss of life.
The commanding officer on board should only under extraordinary
circumstances oblige the captain to put to sea, or cross a dangerous
bar, to go into port, if the captain should protest against it as incur-
ring risk of life and property. For the more particular guidance of
quartermasters in charge of transix)rtation I would refer to the excel-
lent instructions embodied in the Revised Army Regulations of the
War Department, page 20, article 37.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEO. D. WISE,
Colonel, in Charge Ocean and Lake Transportation,
No. 17.
Statement of vessels chartered or employed in the Quartermaster's Department
{on ocean and lake service) during the fiscal year ended June SO, 186S,*
KECAPITULATION.
8lde>w]iMl staanieTS 97
Screw steunera 80
Screw tags 88
Bwk»..-. 4
Brig» 6
Scboonen 76
Pilet-bonte 8
Cuud-lMrgM 95
Totol "iu
GEO. D. WISE,
Colonel, in Charge of Ocean and Lake TransporUUion,
* Omitted, except the " Recapittilation."
292 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
No. 18.
lAat of vuads owned hu the United States and emplcyed on ooeon and lake
service for the fleoal year ending June SOy 1866.*
RBCAPITULATIOK.
Side-wlieel ttMDMn 71
Propanen 40
Tug* 28
Seboonera 12
Guial-bttESM ; 22
Gnuidtotel 177
QEO. D. WISE,
CoUmelt in Charge T?Urd Division, Ocean and Lake Transportation,
No. 19.
Vessds owned and chartered January i, 186S,
(OoeaD and Lake Dlriaioii, Colonel Wise.)
Owned.
Chartered.
Claaa.
b^'
Tona.
Sxpenae per
month,
TtotoaUDS
and mannlog.
yum.
ber.
Tona.
Brpeiiaeper
month.
Ton --.
106
20
41.822
S.498
l,5fi0
2,481
8151.006.75
23,475.60
4,589.00
2,530.00
276
91
76
171
140,822
11,428
15,288
23.685
81,930.840.02
182,073.70
SUiVlniV TTMTla
87.505l21
Baripn......
80.834.18
Total
171
40,858
181,71L26
812
191,149
2.2S0.802.11
RBCAPITULATIOK.
Total nnmber of Toeaela oharterad and owned 783
Total amount of tonnage of Teeaela ohartored and owned 210,807
Total ooet per month. Tiotnaling and manning owned ▼eaaeis 0181,711.25
Total coat per month, reaaela chartered 2,250.882.11
Xatimated coat per month, coaling owned and chartered Teaaela— aay 50,000 tona of ooa],
at 08 per ton 400.000.00
Estimated repaira, Ao 0Q,O0a00
Total monthly expenaea 2,022,578.30
Daily ezpenaea 87.419. U
Vessels owned and chartered July i, 1866.
Owned
Chartered.
Claaa.
Nam-
ber.
Tona.
Ezpenaeper
month,
Tictnaling
and manning.
Nnm.
ber.
Tons.
Expense per
month.
fltAamera
116
23
12
20
48,175
2,978
1,938
2,405
8192,244.00
21,181.00
7.570.00
2. 480. 00
177
89
74
100
90,780
6.084
17,686
14,010
81.403.850.00
188.960.00
'SS^:::::::::'::""""''*^'*'"*^"*****
Sailing Tfaactia
88,851 00
Bwrma
42,040.00
^'^^W^'-'-*^'' '•'»•••■
TMal
170
66,496
223,475.00
420
188*440
1,728»700.00
* Omitted, except the " Recapitulation."
UNION AUTHOBITIE8. 293
RBCAPnULATIOV.
Tito! anmbT of ▼eoeeto chiigred and ownad 5M
Totel am<mBt of toBiia|C« of tosmU olmrtered and owned 198,886
Total ooot per BKHitli, TtotooUaic and Buuinlsg ownod TflSMli 8223,47^.00
Total eoot per month, Toaaels coartered 1,728,700.00
Eatimated ooet per month, coaling owned and ohartered veaoela— aay 40,000 tone of ooal,
88 per ton 820,000.00
Eathnated lepatra, &o 200,000.00
Total monthlj expenaee 2,472,17&.00
Daily expenaee 82,405.00
£atimated aTorage ezpenaee for the year, 102,414 per day.
Avemge number of vesadSj tpith the tonnapet empioved by the Third Diviewn^
Quartermaater-OeneraTs Department, during the jUcal year ending June SO,
1865.
Knaher.
Tonnage.
8tifainffli ...
851
Ul
88
168
171,061
Toga
13,282
Saflinff rneaob
17,788
SSJS.!?!??!.:::::::;:::::::;:::::::::;:;::::::::::::::::::::;::^
23,803
Total
719
224,984
No. 20.
Lixt of vesaeU in eervice of Quartermaster's Dgaartment supplying General Sher-
man's army.*
SUHMABT.
Steamera 73
Tuga 8
Sfaipe 8
Briga 1
Schoonera 12
Pilo^hoata 2
Tolal li
OEOBGE D. WISE,
CoUmel^ in Charge Third Division,
No. 21.
Quartbrmastbr-General's Office,
Washington^ D, C, Novernber 8, 1865.
Maj. Gen. M. C. Meios,
Quartermaster- General :
General : From the best information that we have in my ofl&ce, we
had in service, supplying the armies of Greneral Grant before Rich-
mond in the spring of 1865, 190 steamers chartered and owned; 60
tngs chartered and owned; 40 sailing vessels chartered and owned;
100 barges chartered and owned; in all, 390 vessels, 120,000 tons, at a
daily expense of $48,000.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEO. D. WISE,
CdUmelj in Charge of Ocean and Lake Service.
No. 22.
Washington, D. C, August, 1866.
Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
Quarierrruister' Oeneral :
GeneraIj: In accordance with your orders I came, to this city in
November last to undertake the organization of the Fourth Division of
♦Omitted, except the " Summary."
294 GOBBESPONDENCE, ETC.
your office, charged with the general management of rail and river
transportation under the recent law of Congress.
Finding in addition to present current duties that there was thrown
ux)on the division millions of dollars of complex, unadjusted accounts
for services rendered in the early years of the war, and discovering
that not only were Government creditors justly complaining of delay
in the settlement of their claims, but that these arrears were greatly
interfering with the regular business of the office, I gave the subject
prompt attention, and I am glad to report that by the vigilant efforts
of the division not only have these arrears of business been brought
up, but by my request all transi>ortation accounts have been trans-
ferred from the general accounting office and are now being regularly
audited in the Fourth Division. This change will, I think, in secur-
ing a more prompt and efficient investigation by experts, result in a
decided improvement.
To i)erform this service properly, howevet, the clerical force should
be so increased that an examination of all the accounts may be had
within a month after their return, and thus errcJrs be promptly detected,
instead of continuing for months or years without a remedy.
Until recently, as you are aware, there has been no uniform system
in the mode of procuring transportation, in the forms used, or in settling
for the same, each quartermaster acting independently, adopting such
as best suited his views or convenience, some being good and others
materially defective, in furnishing no proper checks, and resulting in
irregularity, confusion, and much loss to the Government.
Perceiving this, and convinced that a uniform system in a business
BO complex and important, even if not perfect, was better t^n none,
or than many various and conflicting ones, and seeing no reason why
such uniformity was not attainable and applicable to every section of
the country, also satisfied that in no other way could the Government
be protected from loss or its officers made familiar with their duties,
it became a primary object with me to secure^such system as, while it
should remedy patent defects, would.at the same time be satisfactory
to the transportation interests of the country.
This end has been, I think, to a great extent attained by General
Orders, No. 17, March 16, 1865, in reference to passenger transporta-
tion; by General Orders, No. 29, May 9, 1865, as to freight transpor-
tation, and by General Orders, No. 18, March 16, 1865, in reference to
the settlement of accounts, copies of which are herewith transmitted,
together vrith the forms and blanks adopted and used under such
oiders. The system is now in general operation with most satisfac-
tory results, and I believe meets not only with the general approba-
tion of Government officers, but also of railroad companies and others
furnishing Government transportation.
There are still some defects which can only be corrected by a change
in the Regulations, which will probably be made whenever a revision
occurs. Experience will also doubtless suggest further improvements
which should be adopted as their importance becomes obvious.
A table of distances between all important points in the country has
been prepared and other improvements made, which will result in a
large saving of labor and expense.
For such particular tabular statements as you may desire I beg
leave to refer to my successor in charge of the division, as at the pres-
ent time the required reports of various officers of the department
have not been returned to enable me to collect and furnish the same.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 295
In conclusion, I believe the duties of the division are being satis-
factorily perfonned, and am pleased to report that the oflficers and
clerks have labored not only harmoniously, but with the most com-
mendable zeal and fidelity for the public interest. Some of them, I
think, are fully entitled to advancement, which I trust may be given
them. To Mr. Wallace, chief clerk of the railroad division, I am
indebted for many suggestions and valuable improvements. His
observation and experience in railroad business, combined with his
energy and devotion to his duty, render him a valuable assistant.
Very respectfully,
LEWIS B. PARSONS,
Brig. Oen, and Chief of Fourth Div., Q, M, GeneroTs Office,
No. 23.
RAIL AND RIVER TRANSPORTATION, FOURTH DIVISION.
List of steamers and other vessels at Mobile and on the Mississippi River and trib'
utaries belonging to the United States June SO, ISCS.*
RBCAPITULATIOX.
Slde-wbeel st«ameni 84
Steni-wbe«] steunera 37
Oenter-whAel Bteiimen S
Screw tags 18
Ferry-boato 1
Total steamen 91
Steam boat hulls 8
Model bams 74
OtiDwale barges 228
SmsII wood barges 96
Kox barges 8
Barges Dot classified 23
Total barges 852
Wharf boats 18
Csnal-boata 3
Coalboats 80
Yawl-boaU 58
Sailboats 1
Metallic boats 1
Totftlboato 139
Skiffs 9
Floating docks 1
Small flats 2
Sectknal docks 8
Total 699
ALEXANDER BLISS,
Bvt, Col, and A. Q, Jfcf.. in Cliarge Fourth JXv,, Q. M. Oeneral^s Office.
No. 24.
Office Director and General Manager
Military Railroads of United States,
Washington, D, C, October 31, 1866.
Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
Quartermaster' Oeneral U. S. Army, Washirigton, D. C:
General: I have the honor to submit the following brief statement
of operations of U. S. Military Railroads for the year ending June
30,1865:
A more full and comprehensive report will be made as soon as the
necessary statistics can be compiled.
These operations were conducted in six different iields, as follows:
I. Virginia.
♦Omitted, except the " Recapitulation."
296
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC
II. Military Division of the Mississippi,
ni. Georgia.
IV. North Carolina.
V. Missouri.
VI. Arkansas.
I. — vntamiA.
The following lines were in operation July 1, 1864:
Name of line.
1
Piwn-
To-
Alflxandrift ftii4 Wntbiiiaton
Alffrandria
D^nchlnfftffn . , , T . . .
JIUm.
7
A iMTStMlpiA. T,.Anflninn an? ^****IMlhiPfl ...•
.... do
VifnnaT
10
Qmtn ft"^ AlexandriA
do
Sprincfleld
8
KorfSik and Petorsbnrg
Korfolk
sSffoff..:..:
do
n
BiMiboard and RoanAke .......TTTr--^...-T---r.r
Portamonth
18
City Point and Petarabnri^.
City Point
NearPetarabnrg
Halltown .7
8
Winohimtflr and PoUnnao T
Harper'a Farry
8
Total
80
During the year the railroads from Alexandria and Norfolk have
not borne a prominent part in extended military operations, but were
used almost entirely for local purposes.
In the vicinity of Petersburg thirteen miles of new railroad were
built to supply the army of General Grant during his siege of that
place.
Upon the surrender of Petersbuig, Richmond, and the army of
General Lee, the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad, twenty-one miles
long, was immediately opened ; also the line from Petersburg to Burke-
ville, fifty-two miles.
Statement of total number of miles operated during year ending June SO, 1866.
Name of line.
Terminal station.
From—
To-
Alezandria and Waahinaton
Alexandria, Londoun ana Hampshire..
Orange and Alexandria
HanassasGap
Korfolk and Petersburg
Seaboard and Koanoke
City Point and Army
SoathSide
Richmond and Banrille
Winchester and Potomac
Richmond and Petersburg
CloTor Hill Bnnoh
Alexandria
.....do
do
Hanasaaa
Norfolk
Portamonth
Pitkin Stotion
City Point
Manchester
Harper's Feny
Petembarg
doTorHiU Station ..
Waahington....
Vienna
Rappahannock .
Piedmont
SnlTolk
do
Humphreys ....
Bnrkeyille
DanTllle
Stephenaon'a...
Manchester
Coair
7
15
51
84
23
18
13
a
140
28
21
18
Total.
Excepting the Winchester and Potomac Railroad, which is still
operated by this department, all these roads were turned over to the
original owners or to the Board of Public Works during or previous to
the month of August last.
UNION AUTHOBITIBS.
297
The largest number of persons employed in any month daring the
year was 4,489, in April, 1865; and the least number per month was
3,268.
The exi>en8es during the year amounted to $4,900,000.
n.—iOLrrART division of the Mississippi.
At the commencement of the year the lines in operation were as
follows:
HaneofUa*.
\
Fram^
To—
KaahTlile
diattannnn
MUes.
151
KMhTlii«. Dfffimtnr anil Ff{ft7m«oii r
.....do
Storeoaon*
soo
KaahTille and North wMtem
do
ToDiiaaaae BItot
KnozTilla
78
Chattaaooga
lis
do ...r.
JUr Hhantv
107
ClttTttlaiid mmI Paltm
CloTolasd
Saton?;^.:::::::::..
»
Klnnton
Rome
17
Vfi»p*it find Charimton
Hamphia
GxaBdJnnotlon
n
Total
744
In August and September, 1864, the Nashville and Clarksville
Railroad, sixty-two miles long, was oi>ened, by order of Major-
Greneral Sherman, to reach another line of water supply for the dexx>t
of Nashville.
By the capture of Atlanta, in August, the entire Chattanooga and
Atlanta line, 136 miles long, was opened, and for a short time trains
were run a few miles south of Atlanta on the road toward Macon, Ga.
Upon the advance of General Sherman toward Savannah, in Novem-
ber, the Chattanooga and Atlanta line was abandoned south of Dalton,
Ga., until after the surrender of Greneral J. £. Johnston's army, when
it was reopened by order of Major-General Thomas.
Some forty miles of this road were destroyed by General Hood in
his great raid of October, 1864, and about the same distance by order
of General Sherman, ux)on his leaving Atlanta. All this damage was
repaired by the Construction Corps, as well as that caused during the
December campaign to the railroad near Nashville, amounting in the
aggregate to about 130 miles of new track.
The Knoxville and Bristol line was opened in the spring of 1865 to
Carter's Station, 110 miles from Knoxville and to within twenty miles
of the Virginia line.
In West Tennessee the railroad was extended from Grand Junction
to Tallahatchie River, 100 miles southeast from Memphis, in August,
1864.
This line was abandoned, partially reopened, again abandoned, and
again reopened, and still once more abandoned and reopened, until,
on the 20th day of May, 1865, it was finally reopened to Grand Junc-
tion, and June 30 to Pocahontas, seventy-five miles east of Memphis.
The Mobile and Ohio road was opened in May, 1865, from Colum-
bus, Ky., to Union City, Tenn., twenty-six miles.
298
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
The following table shows the lines and distances upon each
operated during the year:
Kame of line.
TermlDal station.
From—
Naahyille and Chattanooga
Naahville, Decatur and Ktevennon .
KiiBhTiUe and NortbweHteru
Nashville and Clarkaville
JShelbyville Branch
Chattanr)oj;a and Knozville
Enoxvillt) and RrlHtol
Cleveland and Dalton
Chattanooga and Atlanta
Konie Hrannh
Atlanta and Macon
Meinpbie and Charleston
HiMissippi Central
Mobile and Ohio
Naihrille
do
do
do
Wartraoe
Chattanoofca
Knozville
Cleveland
Chattanooga
Kingston
Atlanta
Memphis
Grand Junction .
Columbua, Ky ...
Chattanooga
Stevenson
Johnsonville
CTarkeviUe
ShelbyTiUe
KuoxvlUe
Garter's station ....
Dalton
AUanU
Bome
Rough and Ready . .
Pocahontas
Tallahatchie River .
Union City, Tenn . . .
Mii0S.
151
100
78
83
9
112
110
37
138
17
11
75
48
2o
Total.
The expenditures during the year for these roads, including labor,
matierials, and supplies, in round numbers, were 117,000,000.
All the lines embraced in this military division, since merged in
the Military Division of the Tennessee, were turned over in Septem-
ber, 1865, to the companies owning them before the war, in obedience
to the Executive order of August 8, 1865.
III.— GEORGIA.
In December a force of the Construction Corps with some transpor-
tation men were ordered from Tennessee to Savannah, Ga. , to operate
such roads as General Sherman should require.
Before this force reached Savannah, General Sherman had left on
his march to North Carolina, and it was turned back from Hilton
Head about the 1st of February and sent to New Berne, N. C.
A few miles of railroad at Savannah were operated until July for
local military purjKJses, when tliey were surrendered to the companies
by order of the department commander.
IV.— NORTH CAROLINA.
The first installment of railix)»ul operatives arrived at Morehead
City on the 6th of February, 1805. At that date the railroad toward
Goldsborough was in running order forty-four miles. At various
times, as the country was occupied by the Union armies, the roads
were opened, and on the IDtli of April trains entered Raleigh. At
that date there were in operation as military railroad lines the
following:
Milea.
Morehead City to Goldsborough 85
Wilmington to Goldsborough 95
Goldsborough to Raleigh 48
Total 228
In rebuilding these lines 2,991 linear feet of bridging was con-
structed, consuming 779,510 feet, 1>. M., of timber.
A wharf was built at Morehead City at a cost of $32,086, with an
area of 53,682 square feet, and employing 700,000 feet, B. M., of
timber.
XnnON AUTH0B1TIB6. 299
All the railroads in this State have been returned to the original
owners.
The expenditures in North Carolina from February 6 to June 30,
1865, amounted to $967,847.53.
v.— MISSOURI.
In October, 1864, orders were received to have the bridges rebuilt
which had been destroyed by the rebels on the main line of the Pacific
Railroad of Missouri and its southwestern branch. This work was
completed April 1, 1865, at a cost of $170,564.65.
VI. — ARKANSAS.
The only line used in this State for military purposes is a x>ortion
of the Memphis and Little Rock Railroad, between Devall's Bluff, on
White River, and Little Rock, forty-nine miles long.
This did not come under control of this office until May 1, 1865. At
that time it was in exceedingly bad order, and required large expend-
itures to make it capable of doing the work required of it. At this
date it is still operated as a milita^ railroad line.
In the foregoing statements it is shown there was in operation
within the last fis<^l year the following aggregate number of miles of
military railroad lines:
InViriciBia 430
In MiUtary Division of the Mioslssippi..... 1,062
In North Carolina 228
InArkanaas 48
Total 1,769
On these lines was the following quantity of rolling-stock, includ-
ing that captured from the enemy:
Divtrion or hUtlbb,
LooomotlvM.
Cm.
Ttniniik
U
216
21
2
239
29
10
330
081
Military Division of the MiMlssippi :
"•SJ
Memphia
Colambiu
IT
^«rtJi Cftn>liii»
^a
ArkMioM
96
Total
8.052
The above does not include the locomotives and cars built in the
fall and winter of 1864, which, owing to the close of the war, were
never sent to the roads, but sold at the manufacturers' or at points
where stored.
Of these, there were 35 locomotives and 492 cars of five-feet gauge,
designed for the Military Division of the Mississippi and North Caro-
lina; 50 cars of four feet eight and a half inch gauge, for Virginia,
and North Carolina; and 9 cars of same gauge used on the Western
railroads to transport five-foot cars from the makers to the Ohio
River, making in all 551 cars.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
D. C. McCALLUM,
BvL Brig. Oen.y Director and Oen. Man, Mil. KailroadSy U. S.
Per H. K. COOPER, in Charge.
300
COBRESPONDENCE, ETC.
No. 25.
Statement sJiawing the number of employ^ in U. 8. MUUary BaQroad Depart-
ment from December y 1864, to April, 1866, taken from the officers* reports of
persona hired for the months given^ which are on file in this office.
Btetion.
OiBoert.
i
9
s
I
f
CbatUnooga, Teon.
Do
NewlleniiB,K.G...
NuhyiUe, Tttm
Do
Do
HemphU, Teon
LiUle Rock, Ark...
YirginU
C*pt. W.B.Hopki]is
\Cvs^ F. T. StarkwMther .
W.J.SteT«iM
CaptF.J.CrlUy
L.H. BicbolU
Capt. John Parks
Capt. J. H.Pratt
J.J.Moore
Total.
4,850
l.OM
4.8ia
1,839
878
2,1160
8,801
4,e22
2.137
9,170
3.380
1.190
203
479
3,458
5,198
2,843
7,744
1,283
1,008
302
1.086
4,082
8,744
9,901
23.477
5,081
8,818
8,831
78
391
774
4,4
:»,538
ALEXANDER BLISS,
Bvt. Col, and A. Q. If., in Charge Fourth Div., Q, M, OeneraTs Office.
No. 26.
Statement of daims received and disposed of in the Fourth Division, Quarter-
master-Oeneral^s Office, from November 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865,
Natore of aenrioe.
I
fO^ ^^ El
*7^ £
- t '^ Id
■ - ='^
?
8
I
I
i
i
I
Bmployte on the U. S. HOi-
tarv Railroade.
£mploj68 on U. 8. ateamere,
gnnboftta, fto.
Uaeof Teaaola, bargee, &o —
Materials tnmlahed for use of
U. 8. Military Railroads.
Tranaporting troops and Got-
emmentsnpplies by rail and
suge.
Litbographlsgtransportation
Ofders.
Advertising army transporta-
tion and proposals.
Employes In Qoartennaater'a
Department.
Snppiiea furnished Quarter-
mast«r'ii Department.
Telegraphing
SmpToyes on U. 8. military
ielegrapb lin<«.
Kat«nals ftimished for use of
military telegraph.
Serrioea in the Army
87
101
7
$17, 105. 58
85,442.62
02,068.09
9.721.81
4.676,479.08
3,409.00
442.18
334.01
08.00
104.54
874.80
$1,391.39
28,716.79
20,138.00
2,275.00
Total
Total number of claims .
4,003.564.82
1.464
$25,078.84
61,063.38
127,239.88
11,990.31
1,113.936.50 $5,341.00 5.084,045.48
$7,170.27
494.92
39,038.19
028.36
70.08
106.68
100.00
1,169,820.03
889
2.469.00
442.13
1.029.04
68.00
270.12
274.36
6.34LU0 5.918,860.79
ALEXANDER BLISS,
Brevet Colonel and Assistant Quartermaster, in Charge of Fourth Division.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 301
No. 27.*
No. 28.t
No. 29.t
No. 30.§
No. 31. 1
No. 32.
Aceounts divUion, Section C.
Quartbrmaster-Gbneral's Office,
Washingian, D. C, October SI, 1865.
The following is a statement of the amounts paid Epifanio Agnirre
during the months from July 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865, as taken from
the money accounts of Maj. H. M. Enos for that period, yiz:^
BENJAMIN C. CARD,
Coiondy Qtuirtermaster^s Dept, in Charge of Ninth Dimsion,
No. 33.
Quartermaster-General's Office,
Washington, D. C, May 10, 1866.
Bvt. Brig. Gen. D. C. McCallum,
Director and Oeneral Manager Military Railroads, United States :
(Through Colonel Parsons, Division of Rail and River Transpor-
tation.)
General: A very large number of troops will be sent within the
next twenty days from this vicinity to their respective States to be
there mustered out of service. The several railway companies should
be advised to prepare for the movement.
Troops for the West and Southwest will probably move by the Bal-
timore and Ohio Railroad to the Ohio River, which will be used as far
as possible for transportation by steam-boat of troops destined for the
country bordering on the Ohio and for points south of the Ohio.
T^ops for Saint Louis, Mo., and Kansas will probably go down the
Ohio to Lawrenceburg, and then take the Ohio and Mississippi Rail-
road west.
Troops for Central Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois will go by Bellaire,
Columbus, Indianax)oli8, and so on west.
Troops for the Northwest, by Harrisburg, Pittsburg, Chicago, or
Clevelfiuid, Lake Erie, and Detroit.
Troops for Central Pennsylvania and New York, by the Northern
Central Railway to Harrisburg and Elmira.
Troops for Eastern New York, New Jersey, and New England, by
*For special report of Col. L. B. Parsons of the transportation of the Twenty-
third Army Corps from the Tennessee to the Potomac (oere omitted), see Series
T. Vol. XLVn, ^art II, p. 214.
I For report of Col. L. B. Parsons of movements on the Western rivers and
railroads darinflr the war (here omitted) , see Series I, Vol. LII, Part I, p. 704.
X For General Orders, !no. 17, Qnartennaster-Qeneral's Office, March 16, 1865
(here omitted), see Vol. IV, this series, p. 1299.
gFor Genenal Orders, No. 18, Quartermaster-(}eneral*s Office, March 16, 1866
(here omitted), see Vol. IV, this series, p. 1241.
I For General Orders, No. 29, Qnartermaster-Oeneral's OfOce, May 9, 1865 (here
omitted), see p. 16, ante.
1 Details omitted. The total amount was $188,177.89.
302 GOBBBSPONDENCB, ETC.
Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Albany, or New Haven, Hart-
ford, and Springfield.
The sonnd and river boats should be used wherever x)ossible, as
affording a relaxation and rest to the troops crowded in cars, and as
being cheaper generally than railroad transportation.
Troops for the Northeast will go by way of New York, and the most
direct routes thence to their resi)ective destinations.
It is important that in this movement, which Mill be large and con-
tinue for some time, every x)ossible precaution to insure the safety
and comfort of the men should be observed.
For this purpose you will put yourself in communication with the
several rai&oad lines. You will insist upon the orders of this depart-
ment, requiring cars used for transportation of troops to be carefully
fitted up and provided with water and other necessary conveniences,
being fully observed and enforced.
Halts of the trains at proper points, to ^nable the soldiers to attend
to the calls of nature, should be arranged.
Proper stoppages for meals; in short, everything should be done to
enable those soldiers who have survived the dangers of four years of
warfare to reach their homes with the least inconvenience, fatigue,
suffering, and danger.
A copy of memorandum of routes is with tliis.* Orders for the
movement will be given by the military commanders. It is desired
that it be as rapid as is consistent with safety.
I have recommended that troops going north and northeast be
marched to Baltimore, believing that tlie single railroad from this
point to Baltimore will be fully occupied with the movement of troops
going west from the Relay House, and that for any large body of
troops the quickest movement for forty miles will be made on foot.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient serv^ant,
M. C. MEIGS,
Quartermaster- General, Brevet Major- General,
Quaktermaster-General's Office,
Washington, 7). C, May ^7, 286S.
Brig. Gen. E. D. Towksend,
Assistant Adjutant- General, Washington, D. C:
General: The necessary genr^ral arrangements for the transporta-
tion of the troops of the armies of the Potomac and General Sherman
to the points indicated by Circular 19, Adjutant-General's Office, 1865,
have l^en made.
In order, however, to avoid delay and confusion in this city, and
insure prompt forwarding to destination, I request that the command-
ers of regiments, and larger commands, upon receiving orders to move,
shall make their requisition at once upon Brigadier-General Rucker,
leaving their commands in camp until such time as, upon conference
with General Rucker, shall be fixed for departure.
Five thousand men for any one section of the country are as many
as should go together; 10,000 can go from here to Relay House per
day, if necessary.
It is requested that a list of the commands ordered to move may be
each day, and as early as possible, furnished this office.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
M. C. MEIGS,
Quartermaster- Ge n eral, Bre vet Major- General,
♦ See p. 308, post.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 303
Quartermaster-General's Office,
Washington, D, C, May 27, 1866.
Brig. Gten. D. H. Rucker,
Depot Quartermaster, Washington, D, C:
General: Inclosed are copies of General Orders, No. 94, and Circu-
lar No. 19, Adjutant-GeneraFs Office, an estimate of troops to be mus-
tered out of the armies of the Potomac and of General Sherman ;♦ also
memoranda giving the routes to be taken by the troops of the several
States to their points of destination, respectively.
The troops will begin to move at once. Colonel Moulton, at Cin-
cinnati, is prepared to provide river transportation from Parkersburg
for those indicated to go by that route.
Please give him timely notice of movements thither as they occur,
that be may have boats ready.
General Van Vliet, at New York, has been instructed to provide
water transportation where practicable for forwarding from New York
New England troops.
The troops of Michigan and Wisconsin will take boats at Cleveland
for Detroit, and those for Wisconsin again at Grand Haven for
Milwaukee.
The quartermaster at these points especially should receive timely
notice of departure of troops to go by those routes, and at all points
on the lines of railroads where change of cars must be made ample
notice should be given to the quartermasters and railroad companies
concerned, that they may be prepared to receive and forward the troops
at once.
Very respectfully, M. C. MEIGS,
Qtiartermaster-Oeneral, Brevet Major- Qeneral.
[Inclosore.]
Routes of troops returning home,
Trocps of Missouri and Kansas: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to
Bellaire or Parkersburg, Ohio River to Lawrenceburg, Ohio and Mis-
sissippi Railroad to Saint Louis, thence rail to points of destination.
Trooi)6 of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Northern Alabama : Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad to Bellaire or Parkersburg, Ohio River to Covington
and Louisville, and thence rail to destination.
Troops for Arkansas : Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to Bellaire or
Parkersburg, Ohio River, Memphis, Devall's Bluff, Little Rock.
Troops for Middle and Southern Illinois: Baltimore and Ohio Rail-
road to Wheeling, Ohio River to Lawrenceburg, Ohio and Mississippi
and Illinois Central Railroads, or Indianapolis, Terre Haute, and
La Fayette, according to points of destination.
Troops for Nebraska. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to Bellaire or
Parkersburg, Ohio River to Lawrenceburg, Ohio and Mississippi
Railroad to Saint Louis, thence by river or rail, according to circum-
stances.
Troops for Michigan: Baltimore, Harrisburg, Pittsburg, Cleveland,
Lake Erie, and Detroit.
Troops for Northern Ohio and Northern Indiana: Baltimore, Har-
risburg, Pittsburg, Pittsburg, Fort- Wayne and Chicago Railroad and
connecting lines.
Troops for Central Ohio: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Bellaire,
Columbus.
* For General Orders, No. 04 and Circular No. 19 (here omitted), see pp. 20 and
24, ante.
304
C0BR£8P0m)ENC£, ETC.
TrooxMS for Northern Illinois: Baltimore, Harrisbnrg, Pittsburg,
Fort Wa3n[ie and Chicago, and connecting roads to points of destina-
tion.
TrooxM for Wisconsin : Baltimore, Harrisbnrg, Pittsburg, Cleveland,
Lake Erie to Detroit, Grand Rapids, Milwaukee, and thence to different
points of destination.
Troops for Iowa: Baltimore, Harrisbnrg, Pittsburg, Pittsburg, Fort
Wayne and Chicago Railroad to Chicago, thence by rail to Prairie du
Chien, Dubuque, Fulton, Burlington, Keokuk, thence to points of
destination.
Troops for Minnesota: Baltimore, Harrisbnrg, Pittsburg, Pittsburg,
Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad to Chicago, thence by rail to
nearest points of destination on the Mississippi River, thence by
steamer.
Troops for Pennsylvania: Baltimore, Harrisbnrg, Pittsburg, or
Baltimore and Philadelphia and connecting roads.
Troops for West Virginia: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
Troops for New Jersey: Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Trenton.
Trooi)6 for New York: Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Albany,
or Baltimore, Harrisburg, and Ebnira, to points of destination.
Troops for New England: Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York,
thence by rail or water to points nearest their destination.
In case of delay for want of boats at Bellaire or Parkersburg, troops
to be sent so far as necessary by rail via Cincinnati.
A special officer to be detailed for Bellaire or Parkersburg. Quar-
termasters at other important points to be immediately advised of
contemplated movements and instructed to make full preparation.
Troops for the North and East to march to Baltimore, thence take
rail to Harrisburg or Philadelphia.
Troops for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to take the oars at
Alexandria and go through by rail to the Ohio River.
Estimate of troops in Army of the Potomac (induding Sixth Corpe) and Oen-
eral Sherman's army vaihose term* wiU expire prior to Odoiber i, and now
under orders for muster out.
8til*M.
j
li
11
k
J
j
ConiMetieat
2
2
15
13
6
«
2
e
9
6
2
6
83
11
14
1
2
7
800
800
8,000
8.200
2.000
2.400
800
2.400
8.600
2.000
800
tooo
12.800
4.400
6.600
400
800
2,800
200
60
1.000
2.000
a\
140
286
800
1,486
DelAWM«
LISO
lUinoli
7,000
IniUan*
7,100
lowft
2,000
Maine
400
600
2.000
1.000
884
400
4,004
1,600
8.784
iItoo
MurUnd
8,404
Miohinn
6,100
MlMonii
2,000
2; 545
7 8^8
ITftw TfftiDMhire
200
800
6,000
1.000
4.000
800
700
600
1
2
6
600
1.200
4,000
1.046
4,878
16.000
If6w JorMy ..................................
NewYorkr.
87.800
Ohio
6,400
PAnOBVltTAlliA .........................
18
9.000
2,000
141
1.723
SO 600
RhfMl/rnlMd
841
VermoBt
3.223
WiMontin
8.300
Totol
189
S5.600
20,180
28
14,810
81,720
122,310
a BAtfcecv Artillery.
UNION AUTHORITIES.
305
KBCAPfTITLATIOK.
U9thra»'7flan*r«ffl]BeDtoofl882,«aohr0gliiieai4OO 66,800
Tlme-TMri' rtenuto, 1802 20,160
22oiM-5Mr*4re9imeDU. 1864. and 1 battery 14.840
OB*-yeMr*a raeraita. 1864 31,720
Totol 122,810
Wab DvPABmsirr, AtuvrAHT-QEtnMAh'B Omcs,
JToy 18. 1866.
Exhibit of all volunteer troops in the service of the United States whose terms tnU
expire prior to October J, 1866, now under orders to be mustered out of service.
Ijl^lgJ
II
1
i
ConiMoiiciit • ..•««•«• •«■«•..•••■«.......
7
2
90
20
•
6
4
8
10
6
8
0
6
42
82
18
1
4
2
7
2.800
800
20,000
10.400
6.000
1.200
800
2.000
1.000
8.200
4.000
2,000
1,200
2.400
2.000
16.800
12.800
7,200
400
2,800
308
00
1,200
2.600
16
al
64
2
140
240
1,600
166
314
"'mo'
339
4
900
2.129
2.864
1.247
"'676'
8,836
18.173
4.627
7.028
81
1.723
1.813
2,017
3 408
IMaware
1.414
IIHdoIs
28,800
Indiana
18.789
Iowa -. — -•
6.361
Kinaat r
1,204
Kentoekv
700
461
818
8,921
720
602
431
360
••ss
1.800
300
1,000
1.644
iiSS:f^:""::::i::::::::;"":::::ii":::
64
240
3,430
Maryland
3,127
Maaurhntetta
«10
1,880
11.180
litebinn
8.264
MittDMoCa
1
8
(18
2
6
0
17
61
800
4.800
480
1,200
4,000
4.000
4,6n
HiMonri
6.692
Keir Haropaliire
3^881
New tTerMT
6! 886
New York
47.973
Ohio
24,637
PennsTlTania ......*............. ...........
82,766
Rhode Island
1,041
Vermont
4.823
WeatVlrfrinia
L418
Wiaconain *..•
4
2,000
8.417
Total
287
102,800
38.673
«80
84,470
49,400
220.242
a Battery.
6Coai|Mnfea.
• Twelve oompaniet of artillery and foar companlea of Infuitry.
tf Serea eorapaniet of artillery and oneoompaoy of infantry.
• One battery, tbirty-three oompanien, and rorty-ais rejtimenta.
Hon.'Tbia iaelndea tbe Army of the Fotonao and General Shennan'a army. Tbe i
tbeaa two armlea la 122,810. See estimate of May 18, 1806 [next, onto].
BECAPITULATIOM.
297 fhiw.yMn'i«fflmento, 1982. eacb 400 men 102,800
Thrae-yean' racnuta, 1802 33.672
48r0gijiieata,S8com|Mnlee.and 1 battery, one-year't men, 1864 84,470
One>year'sreeniita,1864 49.400
Total 220,242
WAB DBPABTlfBRT, AOJOTAirr-GDrBRAL'S OmcB,
Jfay 59. 1K$.
No. 34.
Division of Regular Supplies,
Quartermaster-General's Office,
Washington, 2>. C, October 16, 1865.
Maj. Gen. M. G. Meios,
Quariermasier-Oeneral U. S. Armyy Washington, D. C:
General: In compliance with instructions received from the
Quartermaster-General, per circular July 24, 1865, I have the honor
to submit the following report:
I was appointed as chief of the division of regular supplies of the
20 R R— SERIES III, VOL V
306 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Quartermaster-Generars Office, September 7, 1864, at which time I
was on duty in the city of New York as purchasing officer of for^e for
the entire armies of the East, together with depots on the sea-coast
as far south as Mobile, Ala., and in part the depot of New Orleans.
The importance of prompt supplies to the armies and depots above
alluded to was deemed sufficient to justify my remaining in New
York until January 1, 1865, at which time I assumed personally the
supervision of the business of this division.
From the date of my appointment as chief of this division until
January 1, 1865, Bvt. Brig. Gen. Charles Thomas supervised the
examination of contracts, and Col. B. C. Card the examination of
claims connected therewith.
Upon entering on duty in this office I at once opened record books
of all existing contracts, carefully examining and entering all con-
tracts made since, comparing prices therein with the market value of
supplies at posts where the contracts were made, and directing the
places at which contracts should be made, as the large demands
upon certain markets rendered this necessary to prevent holders of
supplies from taking advantage of the wants of the Government.
Records have been kept of the quantities delivered upon contracts
from month to month, canceling each contract at time of its expiration.
Daily reports have been required from the principal depots of sup-
ply, and weekly reports from all others, showing the quantities on
hand, afloat to be received, and quantities due on contracts, keeping
this office constantly informed relative to the state of supplies at all
posts; enabling the Quartermaster-General to prevent the accumula-
tion of large supplies when posts might be abandoned.
The establishing of purchasing and contracting depots at prominent
points where supplies are produced, or large accumulations are thrown
upon the market, has greatly concentrated the business of this divis-
ion, and the withdrawal of so many purchasing officers^ destroying
the competition created by them when seeking supplies in the same
market, has been of great advantage to the interests of the Govern-
ment.
CLAIMS.
The records of this division show that from January 1, 1865, to
date there have been received 6,852 claims, which have been acted on
as follows:
Number.
SetUed
Refected
Sntpended aw .filing evidence. .
Kotacted on
Total
1.266 f810.886La6
1.379 I 553.623.95
641 I 488,649.07
3.666 I 1,248,812.37
6.852 2,549,451.76
The examination of these claims, especially those jJresented under
act of July 4, 1864, has been critical in relation to the following points:
First. As to the actual use by the Army of stores for which payment
is claimed.
Second. As to the past and present loyalty of the claimants and
witnesses.
Third. Whether the signatures of the certifying officera were gen-
uine.
Aft-er the above points have been considered the claims have been
generally referred to the provost-ma I'shals of the districts where the
UNION AUTHORITIES.
807
clAimonts reside for all additional information which was thought
auxiliary to a just decision in each case.
A very large number have been rejected on account of ascertained
disloyalty of both claimants and witnesses.
The procurement of supplies for the fiscal year has been made prin-
cipally by contract at all depots of supplies, except those procured at
New York City, up to January 1, 1865, where the quantities required
under the exigencies of the service were such as to render it neces-
sary to purchase in open market.
Many purchases have been made by the officers in the field to sup-
ply the demand on the march, of which this division has no informa-
tion, nor can this information be obtained except by examination of
all the official returns forwarded to the Quartermaster-Greneral.
The quantities of stationery purchased and used by the Army it is
impossible to obtain, as all contracts for the same show only the
prices of articles, the quantities in all cases to be delivered as required.
The official reports of officers receiving the stationery, which are too
numerous for examination, are the only data by which it can be
gained.
The schedule annexed shows the quantities of forage and fuel
delivered on contract, in which the deliveries are specified, and pur-
chases made in open market, not including those made by officers in
the field, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865.
The contracts at all large purchasing depots have been made, in
most cases, for quantities to be delivered as required, at prices
named. The quantity received on this class of contracts cannot be
ascertained from the contracts at present, but the aggregate must be
much greater than that arrived at in Schedule A.
The reason for making contracts of this kind was the impossibility
of knowing what quantity would be required for the Army, dei)end-
ing on the place of purchase, as well as to prevent the accumulation
of supplies at posts which could be supplied to advantage from other
points.
Since the close of the war this mode of contracting has been
adopted almost entirely, to prevent the accumulation of supplies at
posts which would soon be abandoned.
Very resjwctfuUy, your obedient servant,
S. L. BROWN,
CoLondy in Charge Regular Supplies.
SBOULAR SUPPLIBB.
A.-^<m9oHdated report of deliveries of forage and fuel on contracts specify-
ing quantities, purchases in open market reported, and official reports received
at Quartemumer's Department for fiscal year ending June SO, 1866,
i
i
1.
38,811
10,000
i
i.
Ton*.
8.196
2,442
5,027
I
Ton*.
1
1
i
BcoeiTvd on oontnoto
BHthOt.
4,681. 847
1.221.026
Sutkett.
•.97».829
11.790.402
8,06^600
Tom.
296,676
111,124
Ton*.
Cord*.
225.796
110,378
Ton*.
176,880
656,568
tpeoifyiDg aniouDt
to be deliTer«d.
PoTBhaMd in open
market.
Anionnto reported re-
oeiredbyofficenfor
fbcAl yeer ending
Jnne3a.l065.notin.
elnded in the above.
146
614
Total
6.»02,273
28,704,930
43,311
407,799
10,665
146
614
386,169
882.452
808 COBBE8PONDENCE, BTC.
ApproaoimaU fHUuaHon of artidu.
Ooni«a*«*« ••«••*■•■••• <*•••• ••«•••«■•••• •«««•««••••••■••«•■■•••«••<• •••■•■••••••••••••••••■« 9wi*Hi«M
Olrtt S8,7M,nO
Bwl^y 64.997
Hiy U»OI0,568
8k»w tl3,SM
Feed IW
VMder Wl
Wood 1,680,M5
Oo^ ^ 8.384.510
ToUI ImBMK
No. 36.
DivisiOK OF Regular Supplies,
Quartermaster-General's Office,
WasUrigUm, D. C, October 17, 186S.
Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
Quartermaster' Oeneral U. S, Army, Washingtony D. C:
General: In compliance with General Orders, No. 39, Quarter-
master-General's Office, July 1, 1865, I have the honor to submit tiie
following as my personal report for tiie year ending June 30, 1865:
My report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1864, was transmitted
to the Quartermaster-General November 28, 1864.
At the commencement of the fiscal year of *1864-'65 I was on duty
in the city of New York, under my commission as captain and assist-
ant quartermaster, engaged in the purchase, procurement, and
shipment of forage.
September 7, 1864, in accordance with the law of July 4, 1864, reor-
ganizing the Quartermaster's Department, I was assigned to duty in
charge of the Fifth Division of the Quartermaster-General's Office,
with the rank of colonel, to date from August 2, 1864.
September 8, 1864, Special Orders, No. 298, Adjutant-General's Office,
directed that I should turn over my property and duties in New York
City, under such instructions as might be given me by the Quarter-
master-General, and report in person to him and enter upon my
duties as chief of the Fifth Division of the Quartermaster-General's
Office.
The fact that I was supplying forage for the entire armies of the
East and the Atlantic and Gulf sea-coast depots, and the importance
of keeping up the supply, in the opinion of the Quartermaster-GenenJ,
justified my remaining in New York and giving my personal atten-
tion to these shipments until January 1, 1865, at which time I reported
in person to the Quartermaster-General and entered upon my duties
as chief of the division of regular supplies of the Quartermaster-
General's Office.
Preparatory to my departure from New York City, Capt. E. D.
Chapman, assistant quartermaster, was, by Special Orders, No. 395,
Adjutant-General's Office, November 12, 1864, directed to repair at
once to New York City — this order relieving him from duty at Saint
Louis, Mo. — and relieve me from my duties as forage officer; and I
was by the same order directed, on being relieved, to report to the
Quartermaster-Creneral in person.
December 20, 1864, I turned over to Captain Chapman all the
quartermaster's property for which I was responsible, and, as before
stated, entered upon my duties in charge of the Fifth Division of the
Quartermaster-General's Office, where I still remain.
The Schedules A, C, CC, D, and G, and the statement of public
moneys called for by General Orders, No. 39, are hereto attached.
UHIOK AUTHOBITIBa. 809
No clothing or camp and garrison equipage having been in my pos-
seesion dnring the fiscal year, the Schedule B has not been prepared.
Schedules E and F, of property captured from the enemy, are not fur-
nished, no such property having come under my control.
My entire business as forage officer has been conducted by myself
personally, no officer having ever been detailed to assist me.
Very resi>ectf ully, your obedient servant,
S. L. BROWN,
Colondy Quartermaster's Department.
No. 36.
StcUement of public moneys for theJUcal year ending June 30, 1866,
On hand July 1,18W $885,809.46
Received from officers dnring the year 260,719.52
Received from Treasury Department during the year 19,515,000.00
Received from sales of property and other sources during the year. 80, 462. 82
Total 20,641,551.80
Expended duringthe year 19,544,851.44
Transferred to officers during the year 860,500.00
Remaining on hand June 80, 1865 246,699.86
Total 20,641,551.80
Balance on hand is deposited as follows :
U.S. Treasury certificates 204,871.20
Cash 89,841.61
National Bank of Commerce 2,665.76
First National Bank of Washington, D. C 821.29
Total 246,699.86
I certify that the above statement is ooirect.
S. L. BROWN,
CoUmet, Quartermaeter^B Department.
No. 37.
Q.— Statement of amount paid on a/oeount of raU, river, stage, and wagon tran^
portation by Col, S, L, Broum, Quartermaster's Department, during the fiscal
year ending June SO, 1863,
Tianaportatlos.
^^•*^«^- pbS^
8ta«M.
W.^
f^MMMMienni -^fTiliant
$1,888.10 '
FreighF.
848. 774. 7« $1, 910, OOOl 64
921 061.86
Total
250,067.86* 1,910,000.64
1.684.68 1 0,710.00
21,061.96
Bxpendltuzva
Qmiil total
268,282.44 1 1,918.800.64
21,061.96
JLfXZVgate 62, 108,145.04.
I certify that the above statement is correct.
S. L. BROWN,
Cokmd, Quartermaster's Department.
810 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
No. 38.
CC.— Statement of amount paid on account of ocean and lake transportation
by Cci, 8. L. Brown, Quartermaster's Department , during the fiscal year ending
June SO, 1866,
Freight $1,890,109.46
Ezpenditnres 9,710.00
Total 1,899,810.46
I certify that the aboye statement is correct.
S. L. BROWN,
Colonel, Quartermaster*s Department,
No. 39.
D,— Statement of aU troops and stores transported by Col, 8, L, Brown, Quarter-
master's Department, during the fiscial year ending June SO, 1866,
a^'i!
iaas.
QnartamiM.
tar*« stofM.
7^iilln>ft4¥ r
1,773
IVnu. IM.
81,503
StAMn-boftte. bftrmn. Ac
378,546 788
8fill£M
Wiigoni, &o • .............. T. ........ X
128,* 475 1, 801
1,778
478,534
Owned ©r mn by Gorernmwit:
RailrMdi .r ., ...
'"
..........
Omul total
1.773
478,^4
I certify that the above statement is correct.
S. L. BROWN,
CoUmd, Quartermaster's Department,
No. 40.
Report of quantity and approximate valuation of forage shipped to armies on
the James Mioer during the winter of l864-*66.
MontlK
1864.
Bber .
»ber....
NoTember..
Deoember..
1806.
Jannaxy...
FebnuuT .
liaroh
April
Total.
Corn.
78,087
189,002
118,3561
41,780
21,250
86,235
83.583
88,820
588,0801
Oato.
ButKdt.
1,237,972
506.166
540, 6i5
456,886
736.588
488.018
506,859
5,244.118
Hay.
Tong,
9.641.12
5,515.00
5,841.13
8,280.80
5,084.80
3.766.15
5,800.00
11,011.11
54,441.50
Straw.
Tons,
410.80
452.18
180.17
119.20
76.40
111.13
147.16
239.00
1.6
.19
Approzinata
▼alaatlon.
$1,877,336.92
1,048,234.77
964,261.00
«a,611.39
1,154.628.08
800,153.91
976.894.28
1,229.513.70
9,173,534.00
And 90,547 tona of ooal, oostlng $1,009.21
I certify that the above report is correct.
S. L. BEOWN,
Colonel, in Charge Division of Eeffular Supplies.
Quabtbrmasteb-Gbnebal's Office,
Washington, D, C, October 26, 1866,
UKION AUTHORITIES.
311
No. 41.
Statement of the eost of transportation of grain delivered at etcUione on the
plaina by eontraetors, ana the transportation being a part of the price.
From Fort Leavenwortb to~
Cost of trmoa*
portatlon per
IDO pounda per
lOOmllM.
S
6
OlAthe
PaoU
Foit Soott
FortZarah
FortLyoo
Fort Lamed
Camp FiUmore .
Omaha
FortKearnr...
Cotton wooa....
Jalesburg
Talley Station.
CoUine
Fort Laramie..
FortHalleok...
Denver ..■
CaBon City
inDoi
iroa.
H
125
252
510
287
Camp SanDom. . .
DakoUCity
Pavnee Agency .
Lavrenoe
9lt
488
626
693
620
760
683
608
• 108
clOO
cll7
Found$.
8,860,000
8,860.000
5.860,000
906,800
1,848,000
280,000
1,008,000
840,000
1,120,000
1.120,000
1.120.000
1,120.000
560.000
2,520.000
660.000
8,120.000
886.000
1,680,000
448,000
896.000
840,000
(6)
12.26
2.26
2.26
2.26
2.26
2.20
2.26
2.26
12.06
2.05
2.05
2.05
2.05
2.05
2.05
(»)
$43,804.40
64.747.20
137,600.00
61.404.69
193,208.40
16,473.80
190,188.20
(d)
2.05
2.05
2.05
2.05
(d)
72,892.32
96.549.12
123,016.32
133, 141. 12
87.7(t6.08
858,102.40
94,915.00
1,258,386.36
55,068.24
240,881.20
10,010.56
8,058.96
Total.
36,982,800
>.87
a607,lOL(
e2, 626, 727. 68
a Route No. 2.
h No tranaportation ; com delivered at 426.256.
0 Batimated dlatance.
dNo tranaportation i com delivered at 929.700.
• Boate No. 1.
A trae exhibit.
S. L. BROWN,
Colonel, in Cliarge of Fifth Division.
No. 42.
Division op Regular Supplies,
Quartermaster-General's Office,
Washington, D. C, October 30, 1866.
Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
Qitartermaster-Oeneral, Washington, D. C:
General : As requested in your circular of July 24, 1865, I have
the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the
Quartermaster's Department in the procurement of regular supplies
during the past four years of war:
To obtain a complete statement of the quantity of forage, fuel, and
stationery purchased it will be necessary to make an analysis of the
returns of all officers of the Quartermaster's Department, which can-
not be done at present.
Reports have been received from some of the most prominent offi-
cers engaged in the purchase of forage and fuel.
The purchases of other officers by contract, where quantities to be
delivered are stated, have been collected from the contracts on file.
312
C0RUE8P0NDENCE, ETC.
The material thus obtained is collated in Schedule A, of which the
following is a brief summary:
Quantity.
Coat.
Ck>ni
basbols..
22,816,271
78,663,799
1.518.621
21,276
551,436
1,620.910
929,879,314.61
76.382,026.83
4t. 595. 872. 00
425 530 00
Oftto
do...
Ffty
tons..
SSw ::;::;::::::::::::::;;;::::::::::;:";:
do
Wood
ooida..
S.757,1M>.00
Coia
tflna..
18.777.735.00
Stationery (aPDroximate)
2,071 290 00
ToW
174.368,847.84
Although this is an immense quantity of supplies, it does not cover
the full consumption, as many contracts, especially for straw, wood,
and coal, call for deliveries *'as required;" hence quantities pur-
chased under these contracts are not included in Schedule A, nor are
the quantities of forage and fuel purchased on the march included.
The stationery purchased could not be ascertained, and nothing but
its approximate cost is stated in the schedule.
To show the operations of a single depot, the reports of General D.
H. Rucker, showing issues of the dex)ot of Washington during the
war, are inclosed, marked B and C, from which it appears that ^e
issues of that depot from May 1, 1861, to October 1, 1865, were: Corn,
241,633,972 pounds, or 4,314,892 bushels; oats, 924,273,963 pounds, or
28,883,500 bushels; mixed grain, 19,049,151 pounds, or 432,935 bushels;
hay, 982,163,849 pounds, or 491,081 tons; straw, 30,681,907 pounds, or
15,349 tons; coal, 877,992,141 pounds, or 391,900 tons; wood, 209,846
cords.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
S. L. BROWN,
Colondy in Charge RegiUar Supplies.
No. 43.
K.— Approximate statement of purchases of regular supplies during four years of
war ending June 30, 1865,
Kamea of parchaaing offlcara.
Corn.
Oata.
Hay.
Straw.
Wood,
GoaL
Mai. Oen. n. H. Rackar
BuMkelt.
1.848.480
8.884,173
98.112
1,760,922
1,229.885
821.088
191.061
ButluU.
10,^,482
28.234.423
1.732,828
17,929.990
2,815.287
8,025.457
2.023.888
201.050
2.388.722
2Vm«.
228.501
877,518
32,074
289.814
88.083
81.097
40.884
5,004
88,848
Tom.
8,884
Oordt.
184,567
fVna.
85,301
Mai G«n R. Allan
Brig. God. S. Van Vliat
168.842
Col. 8. L. Brown a
8,198
2.2U2
1.280
1,812
Cul. Jamea Belgvr
85,317
50.627
Cant B. D. ChaDmanb
Cant. S D.Burchard
Capt 0 W Holt
Captaiiit MoCliing'and Phelpa, Cln-
ciDnati. Ohio.
Col W W McKim
8,084.«78
888. 588
CadI. JttmeA Brooka
238,193
Other ofttcera, a« per oontraots on fila
in Quartarmaater-Genaral'* Ofllce.
8.832,^
11.781.888 403.070
8.125
381.582
890,914
Total
22,818,271
78,863,799 1.518.621
21.278
561,438
1,689,010
•
a This dooM not include purchaaea made bj Colonel Brown nndar General Rnoker'e ordera.
6 Thia does not indnde pnrohaaes made by Captain Chapman under General AUen't ordera.
APPROXIMATE VALUATION.*
I certify that the above statement is correct.
S. L. BROWN.
Colonel. Quartermaster's Department,
* Omitted. Embodied in Brown to Meigs, next, ante.
UNIOH AUTHOBITIES.
No. 44.
818
B.— iSimtiNory MUUement of the amount of forage received, iseued, and trantferred
at the depot of WaMkgUm by auiutant quartermastere einee May l, 1861,
BXUBIYED.
AbttTMtD.
HiV.
FoiMivtoAt D, O,
Oipt.B.L.H«rte
^t.J.J.l>tti*
CftpC & L.BMwn
Gkpt.X.aAlln
0»pl.&B.LMftr....
PMMdf.
1. MS. 880
11,168.184
Jpunib.
17,6<8.141
Povndf.
1,060,878
44,481.084
80,878,488
87.7S4.884
CftptJ.O.CUe
CaptT.O.WliTtel...
Gbpfc.LN.Bodfc
18^804,887
90,488.2»
87,101,888
187,817,844
10.
8,788^822
St 887,184
8,700,014
117.041,688
80,848,844
1,888^847
48,187.880
817,880.888
88.800
81.766.088
8,118,888
1,888.6a
708, 7U
468.188
460,141
40,000
Total .
98.a0i.887 888.878.480 14.074.884
468,008,868 7,788.788
AtetrMtoBudK.
Oom.
Iflxed
fzalB.
H.J.
D,0.
OiVtS-I^HsTta
UptJ.J.DMM
(;^t.J.M.Ro1»lnM«.
OM»t.& L. Brown
Cftpt.K&AllBa
G»pt.f&.B.L»iiff»r....
Poimdf.
6.888,878
^7.688,867
18.808.180
•77.767.678
PMMdf.
POMMTt.
86.067.066
•110.406,601
Pmmd§,
1,8881668
•4,86l»018
AUammdfia, Ym,
CtDt. C. B. Vtenwoa .
CntW.Stod&id...
Ci9«.T.O.Wlijtal.
Q^LKBiMk...
Total
11.177.748
41,886.407
10.168,688
8. 180c 706
SlSSl
U; 478, 080
1.860,188
14,880^088
818.660.842
00,841,846
10lll8.m
10.071,066
20,874,084
118.078,664
28.446.861
1,860,888
87.687
8.688,887
148.017.617
87.722.648
8.800,641
6,888,406
20,073,406
06.U6,804
17,848.281
1,874,001
7,888.188
8,070,788
48.788
61,616
488.060
1,702,808
602,778
161,686,776 611,717,877
• AlwtrMta D, B, and B.
4.974.817
638,186,486
81,810,072
814
CORRESPOXDEXCE, ETC.
No. 4L-^B.— Summary wtatement of the amount of faraqt rectxotdy iatdud^ taiA
troMferrtd at the depot of Wcuhtngton by aseUfant quariermasten nnee May
i, I^tfi— ContinnecL
ISSVIED.
I of ottcon.
▲iMtnwto G, H. L, and IC.
Corn.
Mizod
giain.
Bmj,
Slraw.
WtMnglon, D. O.
GA^B.L.H«rte
CftptJ.J.Dan*
Gopi. J. M. RoUnton .
Gapt 8. L. Brown ....
Gi9tB.&AUen
Capt a B. Lanftr . . . .
CtotCB-ForraaoD .
CaptW.8tod&rd...
CaptJ.O.CLM
OH»t.T.O.Whjtia...
Capt L v. Back
Poundt.
7,660,168
47,588,807
Pounds,
81.189.474
77.767,678
Pmmdt,
48.740,006
110.408,661
67.817.165
42.186,808
10,118,796
84.881.808
87,886,044
6,619.870
18,731.316
909.076
96.867,127
839.286.826
84,888.188
86.083,076
177,688,700
26,208.106
188.406.807
21.061,188
1,860.988
10, 366, 320
07.667
7,836.241
168,126,004
168.861,261
86,881.764
66.108.618
228.008,227
24,288.470
86,876,030
16,824.763
Total 841,633,072
024.878,968
19,048.161 I 082.103.848
Powub.
8,888,881
4,888,0U
7.280.888
9.121.716
8.667,88
510.175
821«6S7
1,748,'888
80,681.807
SBCAPITULATIOK.
Abatncto.
Ooni.
Data.
Mizod
grain.
Hay.
Straw.
BaoelTod:
AbatraotD
Abatraoto £ and K
Poundi,
02,203.207
161,606,776
PoiMUb.
886,075.430
611.717.877
Paundt.
14.074.334
4.974,817
Pound*.
463.002,852
632,106,486
Pound:
7, 729,728
21,810.072
Total
243,800.048
241.033,978
048.602,807
994,273.968
19, 049. 161 ' 08S. 107. 837
29.630.800
iMoad: Abatiaoto G, H, L. and M. . .
19.040,161
062,168.848
80,081.007
I certify that the abore statement is as correct a compilation as can be made from
reports receiyed at this oflBbe and {Mtpers which are now accessible at the depot.
D. H. RUCKER,
Brevet Major-Qeneral and Chief Quartermaster^ Depot of WaMnffton,
No. 45.
C,—<}on9olidated etatement of the quantity of fuel received, issued, and transferred
at the depot of Waehington by assistant quartermasters since May 1, 1861.
Beceived.
laaned and trana.
ferxed.
Station, and naaea of ottoois.
AbatraotD.
AbatraetaBandN.
AbatraeU P. L.
andM.
Coal.
Wood.
Coal.
Wood.
Coal.
Wood.
WaMngUm, D. 0.
Cant. S. L. Harta
Pounds.
27,561.787
38.161.680
14,280.110
8,340,330
Oords.
78.081
8.160
48,400
204.111.002
80,646,610
107,346.040
386,230,816
Cords.
62.741
7.672
8.088
S0.S70
Pounds,
231,063,680
118,688,180
174,408.066
868,888.187
Oords.
130,772
Ci9t.Jainea M.Moore
14,722
40,400
28,862
AUtumdria^Ta
B^. Lieut CoL'Sr. G. C. Lee
TWal
77.282,013
134.687
838, 244, 170 M. OfTi
877.802.141
808.846
UNION AUTHORITIES. 315
No. 45.— C.—OtmaoiMiaf«i statement of the quanUiy of fvud reeeioed^ i$med, and
irangferred at the d^ot of Washington by cuHetant quartennastera since May
i, i^i— Gontinned.
BBCAPITULATIOV.
Abitneto.
GoiO.
Wood.
BoodTOd:
AbAtraotD
n,S8S,n8
08,M4,17«
Cbr4f.
134,867
AbotnusU K and N
tKoN
Totel
916.037,010
ns,o0i
iMMdi AbotrMStsF. L. oadM
Smb
I certify that the above statement is as correct a compilation as can be made
from reports received at this office and {Mtpers which are now accessible at the
depot
D. H. BUCKEB,
Brevet Major-Oeneral and Chief Quartermaster, Dqpot of Washington,
No. 46.
QUABTBRMASTEil-GBNERAL'S OFFICE,
Washington, D. C, October 16, 1865.
Bvt. M^. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
QwjHermasteT'OeneraL U. S. Army:
General: In compliance with your oircnlar of July 24, 1865,.deeir^
ing reports ot the operations of the several divisions of this office
during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, Aa, I have the honor to
report as to the Sixth Division:
That the most costly structures which have been erected by the
Quartermaster's Department during the period above mentioned
were for hospital purposes. The most important are hospitals at
Indianapolis, Ind. ; Newark, N. J. ; Worcester, Mass. ; Manchester,
N. H. ; Baltimore, Md. ; Nashville, Tenn., and enlargement of hospital
at Hilton Head, S. 0.
Under provisions of General Orders, No. 24, Quartermaster-Gen-
eral's Office, April 29, 1865, construction and extension of all bar-
racks, hospitals, and other buildings ceased. But few special cases
were reported in which continuance of work was ordered under para-
graph yn of above-mentioned order.
With the reduction of the trooxMS, hospitals, barracks, Ac, were
from time to time reported upon as vacant by the chief quartermas-
ters of departments or by duly authorized inspectors. Recommenda-
tions to the Secretary of War for the sale of such public buildings as
were no longer required for the service have been made, and, when
authorized, the buildings have been sold at public sale after due
notice by advertisement. I proposed to present a tabular statement
of the original cost and of the amount received from the sales of
public buildings erected during the war, btit at present this office
does not possess the requisite data to prepare such a statement.
The attention of the chief quartermasters of military divisions has
been called to the failure on the part of some of their subordinates
to comply with the requirements of General Orders, No. 3, Quarter-
master-General's Office, 1864, and it is hox>ed that the material for a
satisfactory and complete report of all hospitals, barracks, store-
houses, Ac, may soon be collected, from which an accurate state-
ment of the number, cost, and proceeds of sale of such structures, as
316 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
also of the amount of rents paid for bnildings used for the public
service, may be prepared. It was proposed to obtain this information
in part from the investigations of the offtcers recommended to examine
the accounts of officers of this department at the Treasuiy.
The work connected with the consideration of claims and questions
arising from the occupation of grounds and buildings for the pur-
XXMes of the military service occupies the attention of my assistant,
Bvt. CoL J. B. Howard, TJ. S. Volunteers, and of four of the five clerks
acting under my supervision. Since the organization of the Sixth
Division 2,479 claims of this character have been presented, amounting
to (1,587,181.47, of which 751 have been referred to the Tieasury or to
officers of this department for settlement, amounting to (183,452.30;
1,054 have been rejected, amounting to $446,163.32, and claims (674)
to the amount of 1957,565.85 still await examination and final action.
Apart from the cost of construction and proceeds of sales of public
buildings the operations of this division can hardly be tabulated.
The correspondence incident to its oi>erations is extensive and varied,
and the want of office room only prevents me from applying for, or
employing on my own report of persons, several additional clerks for
the more speedy disposition of current business.
The examination of reports of officers of this department relative
to payment of commutation of fuel and quarters should, I think, be
made in this division, as decisions on the validity of orders entitling
officers to such allowance, together with the questions incident
thereto, demand special investigation.
A statement of the number of interments registered during the
war, white and black, loyal and disloyal, so far as reports have been
received at this office under General Orders, No. 40, Quartermaster-
General^s Office, 1865, is respectfully submitted herewith.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. J. DANA,
Cclonelj QuaHermaster^s Department^ U. S. Army.
Genbrai. Orders, ) Quartermaster-General's Office,
No. 40. ) Washington, D, C, JuLy S, 1866.
Officers of the Quartermaster's Department on duty in charge of
the several principal posts will report to this office without delay the
number of interments registered during the war, white and black,
loyal and disloyal, to be separately enumerated.
All officers of the Quartermaster's Department who have made inter-
ments on battle-fields during the war will rei>ort the number of the
same, giving the localities, dates of battles, and dates of interments.
M. C. MEIGS,
Q^arier7nasier'C^€nerdly Brevet Major-Oenerdl.
UNION AUTHORITIES.
817
No. 47.
Statement of the number of intermente regietered during the war, tehite and
biack, loyal and diOoyal, eo far a$ reparis have been received at this office
under General Orders, No, 40, Quartermaeter-Oenerare Qffiee, 186S,
Beport
of tater-
!
MlMoml.
IndlMiA.
Ohio.
PaonsylTaai*
MaaMcbiueiU
Diatrtetof ColoiDbU..
UvyUod
Kratoeky
Luaislasft
NewTork
Couneetioat
Rhode IftUmd
VirglBia
Booth CaroliBA
AaderaoBTiJU..
SpoUjlYuda..
Wfldenuws
StyK. 14
Alia M
AuiT 19
Arpt 19
Au^. 15
AtJH 1*
J»lv SI
Ari^rie
A(i^ 1ft
A1ifc^ »
Anc 7
Jtjiv SB
Aiiic 9
July 27
Aof. U
8n»t. 6
Ool n
}oot n
186ft.
Aof . ft
Ang. 1
Ang. 1
Aug. 1
Aug. 1
Aog. 1
Ang. 1
July 19
July 20
Ang. 1
Aug. 1
Ang. 1
June 80
Aog. 1
JnlT 1
Ang. 1
Aug. 14
Oet -
Oet -
10.686
11,718
8,006
1.388
148
866
888
18.847
ft, 666
8,778
7,441
8,140
188
888
8,808
648
10.086
18,918
1,600
887
819
07
8
8,068
6,786
71
64
86
808
681
186
10,180
6,776
8.926
1.181
149
843
281
17,488
8,676
8,538
18.961
8.000
88ft
8ft8
4.076
1,886
10.077
18.818
1.600
1,888
6,161
8,147
687
1.488
U
474
876
211
1
6
86
6
184
10
106
1.067
18.1S6
18,778
8,078
1.841
148
866
881
17.907
6.816
8.887
18,887
8,211
4.2
1.8
II. I
18,818
1,608
Total.
86,808
J6.280
86,837
13,696
4,186
116.148
Total Biunbor of whites intarred 96,808
ToUl number of bleoka Interred 28,846
I certify that the faregcAmc ia a oorrect abetract of reports reoeiTed at this office
under Qeneral Orders, Ko. 40, Qaarteniia0ter<}eiieral's OfBce, 1865, and on q;>eGial
reports of Captain Moore.
J. J. DANA.
Colonel, Quartermatier^e Department.
No. 48.
Extract from annual report of Capt J. M, Moore, assistant quoHer-
master, U, S. Army, for the year ending June SO, 1866.
WASHmOTON, D. O.
« 41 41 41 41 41 41
The charge of the National Cemeteries and bnrial of deceased sol-
diers and others dying in the service of the United States in hospitals
in and about Washington is under the jurisdiction of this office, and
is probably the most important of my si)ecialties. It was deemed
advisable at the expiration of the burial contract, December 31, 1863,
for the Government to manufacture all the coffins required for inter-
ments in the National Cemeteries, as well as those needed for ship-
ment to distant x)oints. The coffins now issued cost less than one-half
the price paid by contract and are far superior. The hearses used
for transportation to the graves are covered ambulances, painted
black, and are well suited for the purpose. The tablets or head-
boards are principally of white pine, with the exception of some
4,000 of black wamuti purchased more than two years ago. They
318 CORBIi^SPONDBNCB, ETC.
are jiainted in white and lettered in black, with the name, company,
regiment, and date of death. I would here remark that unless tab-
lets are painted before lettering the wood will absorb the oil in the
Iiaint and the rain soon wash off the lead in the lettering.
By much iiains and labor I have succeeded in prei>aring a mortuaiy
record for future reference, giving a succinct history of the deceased,
every page of which has been comjiared with the records of hospitals,
and up to the present date believed to be the most reliable register
of the dead extant. Information is daUy furnished to numerous
friends respecting deceased soldiers, and frequently before it can be
obtained elsewhere, as the record is always kept up to date, no matter
how great may be the mortality.
In accordance with Sp^ial Orders, No. 132, headquarters Middle
Military Division, WasMngton, D. C, June 7, 1865, I proceeded to
the battle-fields of the Wilderness and Si)otsylvania Ck>urt-Hou8e for
the purpose of superintending the interments of the remains of Union
soldiers yet unburied and marking their burial places for future iden-
tification. This work was commenced on the 12th and completed on
the 24th of that month. Careful search was made over the above-
mentioned battle-fields, and the remains of all soldiers, both Union
and rebel, interred, and headboards, with name, rank, and regiment,
placed at each grave (with some exceptions in cases of rebels) when
it was x>ossible to identify the deceased. The words *' Unknown U. S.
soldiers, killed May 10, 1864," on a neat tablet, mark the remains of
our own soldiers that could not be identified.
On the battle-ground of the Wilderness two cemeteries are laid out,
inclosed by a paling fence. Cemetery No. 1 is on the Orange Court-
House turnpike, about two miles from the Wilderness Tavern, and
contains the remains of 108 men. Cemetery No. 2 is on the Orange
Court-House plank road, about two miles and a half from the junc-
tion of the Orange Court-House turnpike, and contains 534 men.
The sites are well adai^ted for the resting-places of those who fell in
the vicinity, having b^n selected where the carnage appeared to be
the greatest.
It was no unusual occurrence to observe the bones of our men close
to the abatis of the enemy; and in one case several skeletons of our
soldiers were found in their trenches. The bones of these men were
gathered from the ground where they fell, having never been interred,
and by exi>osure to the weather foj^ more than a year all traces of their
identity were entirely obliterated.
On the battle-field of Spotsylvania but few men were found unbur-
ied, many of them having been interred by a Mr. Sanford, who
resides at Spotsylvania Court-House, in compliance with an agree-
ment to that effect with General Sherman while on his march to
Washington City. Over 700 names were found in this battle-field,
and tablets erected in memory of the deceased.
It was my intention to remove those partly buried to a suitable site
for a cemetery, but the weather being exceedingly warm, and the
unpleasant odor from decayed animal matter was so great as to make
the removal impracticable. They were, however, carefully recovered
with earth and entirely hidden from view.
Hundreds of graves on these battle-fields are without any mark
whatever to designate them, and so covered with foliage that the
visitor will be unable to find the last resting-places of those who have
lallen until the rains and snows of winter wash from the surface the
light covering of earth and expose their remains.
UNION AUTHOSITIEB. 819
The work on the cemetery in the vicinity of Old Soldiers' Home has
been completed, the ground refenced, a neat and handsome lodge
erected, a gaiden laid ont, the graves sodded, the walks graveled,
and choice flowers and trees planted.
Great care and attention have also been paid to the Harmony Burial
Ground, where all soldiers dying of infectious diseases, and contra-
bands, are interred.
The improvement of the National Cemeteries has been a source of
great gjratification to all who visit them, and entirely dissipates the
prevai&ng opinion of those living remote from Washington that
soldiers were irreverently or carelessly buried.
At Arlin^n Cemeteiy a new road has been made by leveling, in
part, tiie hiU on the south side of the mansion, by bridging small
streams and by grading and ditching from the mansion, where it
commences, to the new lodge on the Alexandria road, where it ends.
A large number of well-selected shade trees and choice flowers have
been planted, the gardens on both sides of the mansion improved
and refenced, and the graves sodded; indeed, the place so trans-
formed as hardly to be recognized by persons who had previously
visited it.
Number of deoUh$ reported from August J, 1864, to June 30, 1S6S.*
[July 1, 1865.— Report of Capt. James M. Moore of burials on the
battle-fieldiS of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania (here omitted) is
embodied in the extract from his annual report, p. 318.]
Graves of Union prisoners ai AndersonviUe. — Report of Captain
Moore.
Washington, Wednesday^ October 18y 1865.
The following report of Capt. J. M. Moore, assistant quartermaster,
who was sent to Andersonville, Ga., to mark the graves of Union
prisoners for future identification, contains valuable information, in
which the people are interested, and will doubtless be appreciated by
the relatives and friends of those who have given their lives to thebr
country:
AssT. Quabtbrmaster's Office, Dspt. of Washdioton,
WashiTigUm^ D. C, September BO, 1866.
Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. Meios,
Qiiarternuister' General U. S. Army, Washington, D. C:
Gbnbbal: In accordance with Si)ecial Orders, No. 19, Quarter-
master-Greneral's Office, dated June 30, 1865, directing me to proceed to
Andersonville, Ga., for the purx>OBe of marking the graves of Union
soldiers for future identification and inclosing the cemetery, I have
the honor to report as follows:
I left Washington on the 8th of July last with mechanics and
materials for the purposerabove mentioned.
On my arrival at Savannah I ascertained that there was no railroad
communication whatever to Andersonville, the direct road to Macon
being broken and that from Augusta via Atlanta also in the same
*For statement (here omitted) see pp. 2(HMM3, of ExeontiYe Doouoent No. 1,
to which referenoe is made in foot-note (*) p. d48.
820 00BBE8P0NDENCE, ETC.
oondition. I endeavored to procttre wagon transportation, bnt was
informed by the general commanding the Department of Georgia that
a snffident number of teams conld not be had in the State to hanl
one-half of my stores, and as the roads were bad and the distance
more than 400 miles, I abandoned all idea of attempting a route
through a country dijflicult and tedious under more propitious* cir-
cumstances.
The prospect of reaching Andersonville at this time was by no
means favorable, and nearly one week had elapsed since my arrival at
Savannah. I had telegraphed to Augusta, Atlanta, and Macon almost
daily, and received replies that the railroads were not yet completed.
At length, on the morning of the 18th of July, the gratifying tele-
gram from Augusta was received announcing the completion of the
Augusta and Macon road to Atlanta, when I at once determined to
procure a boat and proceed to Augusta by the Savannah River. The
desired boat was secured, and in twenty-four hours after the receipt
of the telegram alluded to was on my way with men and material for
Augusta. On my arrival there I found the railroad completed to
Macon, and that from Macon to Andersonville having never been
broken, experienced little difQculty in reaching my destination, where
I arrived July 25, after a tiresome trip, occupying six days and
nights.
At Macon, Major-Qeneral Wilson detailed one comi>any of the
Fourth XT. S. Cavalry and one from the One hundred and thirty-
seventh Regiment XT. S. Ck>lored Troops to assist me. A member of
the former company was killed on the 5th of August at a station
named Montezuma, on the Southwestern Railroad.
The rolling-stock of all the roads over which I traveled is in a mis-
erable condition, and very seldom a greater rate of speed was obtained
than twelve miles an hour. At the different stations along the route
the object of the expedition was well known, and not unfrequently
men wearing the garb of rebel soldiers would enter the cars and dis-
cuss the treatment of our prisoners at Andersonville, aU of whom
candidly admitted it was shameful, and a blot on the escutcheon of
the South that years would not efface.
While encamped at Andersonville I was daily visited by men from the
surrounding country, andhad an opportunity of gleaning their feelings
toward the Gk>vemment, and with hardly an exception found those
who had been in the rebel army i>enitent and more kindly disposed
than those who have never taken a part, and anxious to again IxMsome
citizens of the Government which they fought so hard to destroy.
On the morning of the 26th of July the work of identifying the
graves, punting and lettering the headboards, laying out the walks,
and inclosing the cemetery was commenced, and on the evening of
August 16 was completed, with the exceptions hereafter mentioned.
The dead were found buried in trenches, on a site selected by the
rebels, about 900 yards from the stockade. The trenches were from
two to three feet below the surface, and in several instances, where
the rains had washed away the earth, but a few inches. Additional
earth was, however, thrown on the graves, making them of still greater
depth.
So close were they buried, without cofins or the ordinary clothing
to cover 'their nakedness, that not more than twelve inches was aUo^^
to each man; indeed, the little tablets marking their resting-place,
measuring hardly ten inches in width, almost touching each other.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 82 L
n. S. soldiers while prisoners at Andersonville had been detailed
to inter their companions, and by a simple stake at the head of each
grave, which bore a number con*esponding with a similar-numbered
name upon the AndersonviUe hospital record, I was enabled to
identify and mark with a neat tablet, similar to those in the ceme-
teriea at Washington, the number, name, rank, regiment, Ac, and
date of death, of 12,461 graves, there being but 451 which bore the
inscription *' Unknown U. S. soldiers."
One hundred and twenty thousand feet of pine lumber was used in
these tablets alone.
The cemetery contains fifty acres, and has been divided by one
main avenue, running through the center, and subdivided into blocks
and sections in such a manner that, with the aid of the record, which
I am now having copied for the superintendent, the visitors will
experience no difficulty in finding any grave.
A force of men is now engaged in laying out walks and clearing the
cemetery of stumps, prei>aratory to planting trees and flowers.
I have already commenced the manufacture of brick, and will have
a sufficient number by the 1st of October to pave the numerous gut-
ters throughout the cemetery, the clay in the vicinity of the stockade
being well adapted for the purpose of brickmaking.
Appropriate inscriptions are placed through the ground, and I have
endeavored, as far as my facilities would permit, to transfer this wide,
unmarked, and unhonored grave-yard into a fit place of interment for
the Nation's gallant dead.
At the entrance the words ^'National Cemetery, Andersonville,
6a.," designate the city of the dead.
On the morning of the 17th of August, at sunrise, the Stars and
Stripes were hoisted in the center of the cemetery, when a national
salute was fired and several national songs suns by those present.
The men who accomi>anied me and to whom I am indebted for the
early completion of my mission worked zealously and faithfully from
early in the morning until late at night, although suffering intensely
from the effects of heat. Unacclimated as they were, one after
another was taken sick with the fever incident to the country, and in a
brief period my force of mechanics was considerably lessened, obliging
me to obtain others from the residents in different parts of the State.
All my men, however, recovered, with the exception of Mr. Eddy
Watts, a letterer, who died on the 16th of July of typhoid fever, after
a sickness of three weeks. I brought his body back with me and
delivered it to his family in this city.
Several of the U. S. cavalry detailed by General Wilson died of the
same fever shortly after joining their command at Macon.
Andersonville is situated on the Southwestern Railroad, sixty miles
from Macon. There is but one house in the place, except those
erected by the so-called Confederate Government as hospitals, officers'
quarters, and commissary and quai'teimaster's buildings. It was
formerly known as Anderson, but since the war the "ville" has been
added.
The country is covered mostly with pines and hemlocks, and the
soil is sandy, sterile, and unfit for cultivation, and unlike the section
of country a few miles north and south of the place, where the soil is
well adapted for agricultural purposes. Cotton, as well as com, is
extensively raised.
21 R R— SBRIBS m, VOL V
822 COBBESPONDBKCB, UTC.
It is said to be the most unhealthy part of G^rgia, and was prob-
ably selected as a depot for prisoners on account of this fact. At
midday the thermometer, in the shade, reaches frequently 110^, and
in the sun the heat is almost unbearable.
The inhabitants of this sparsely settled locality are, with few excep-
tions, of the most ignorant class, and from their hazard and sallow
faces the effects of chills and fever are distinctly visible..
The noted prison i)en is 1,540 feet long and 750 feet wide, and con-
tains twenty-seven acres. The dead-line is seventeen feet from the
stockade, and the sentry boxes are thirty yards apart. The inside
stockade is eighteen feet high, and the outer one twelve feet high,
and the distance between the two is 120 feet.
Nothing has been destroyed. As our exhausted, emaciated, and
enfeebled soldiers left it, so it stands to-day as a monument to an
inhumanity unparalled in the annals of war.
How men could survive as well as they did in this pen, exposed to
the rays of an almost tropical sun by day and drenching dews by
night without the slightest covering, is wonderful.
The ground is fiUed with the holes where they had burrowed in
their efforts to shield themselves from the weather, and many a poor
fellow, in endeavoring to protect himself in this manner, was smoth-
ered to death by the earth falling in upon him.
A veiy wortifiy man has been api)ointed superintendent of the
grounds and cemetery, with instructions to allow no buildings or
structures of whatever nature to be destroyed — ^particularly the
stockade surrounding the prison pen.
The stories told of the sufferings of our men while prisoners here
have been substantiated by hundreds, and the skeptic who will visit
Andersonville, even now, and examine the stockade, with its oozy
sand, the cramx)ed and wretched burrows, the dead-line, and the slaugh-
ter-house, must be a callous observer indeed if he is not convinced
that the miseries depicted at this prison pen are no exaggerations.
I have the honor to be, general, your obedient servant,
JAMES M. MOORE,
Captain and Assistant Quariermaster^ U. S, Army,
No. 49.
QUARTERMASTBR-GBNERAIi'S OFFICE, SEVENTH DIVISION,
Washington, D. C, October 12, 1865.
Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. 0. Meigs,
Quartermaster-Qeneral U, S, Army:
General: I have the honor to submit herewith a report of the
wagons, ambulances, carts, harness, &c., pertaining to the XT. S.
Quartermaster's Dei>artment, purchased, captured, lost, and expended
during the fiscal years ending on the 30th of June, 1864, and 30th of
June, 1865, so far as shown by the reports received at this office up to
the present date.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
BENJ. C. CARD,
Colonel, Quartermaster's Department, in Charge of Division.
imiOK AUTHOBITIBS.
323
Rqfori of wagouB^ amtnUaneeSj eariSj hame$it Ac, , pertaining to the U. 8. Ouarter-
master's Dj^rtment, purehaaedt eaptured, lost^ and expmded during the fiscal
yeara endinq on the SOth of June, I864, and the SOth ofJune^ 1866, a$ ehaum by
reports received at the Quartermaster-OeneraTe Office up to the ISth of October,
1866,
I.-FJ8GAL 7SAB COMMBHCIKO JULY 1, 186B. AKD BKDIKO JUKB 80, 1804.
How
rawlved or
I
!
PnrchMad...
Oftptared,iM
Szpondod.
loat^ and
18, 868
1,847
8,<ttl
877
1,378
845
88
66, lU
6.061
17,807
87.480
6.096
16.782
^3S6
787
8,468
1,708
406
188
884
78
IL-nSOAL YSAB CX)MHBKCINa JXTLY 1, 1864, AKD ENDING JUNE 80. 1866.
PoMhAMd...
Vkbrkttted...
34
54
196
516
187
88
90
88
27
85
818
961
1.436
'"ill
678
947
78
108
87
••"•
18,915
14,182
6.928
18,825
ia.861
20.767
7.770
28,264
2,588
088
867
1,588
4
34
60
825
178
84
880
OB|rtiu«d,dEo.
46
Szponded,
lost, And
•out?
19
489
No. $a
Quartbrmastbr-Gbneral's Office, Seventh Division,
Washington, D. a, OcM>er 12, 1865.
Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
QwirterwosteT'Oeneral U, S. Arm/y:
General: I have the honor to submit herewith a statement of the
number and amount of claims received, acted upon, and remaining
on file in the Seventh Division of this office during the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1865, and also from July 1, 1865, to October 10, 1865:
PiMontad.
Approved.
B4(Jeet6d.
On fllefor farther
MtlOtt.
Kam-
b«r.
Amoont.
^ 1 Amottnt.
1
Nam-
ber.
Amount.
Num-
ber.
Amount.
ItomJoljltoOeto-
lMrlO,f860w
0.911
9.288
88,060.888:50
266,499.98
8,410
887
01,179,827.22
67,545.0]
4,778
1.080
8817,58&87
189,090.70
1,023
267
070,086.41
56,047.28
Total
11.484
9.816^861.58
4.887
1,280,872.28
5,887
050.456.66
1,200
126,088.64
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
BENJ. C. CARD,
Golonel, Quartermaster's DeparimerU, in Charge of Division.
No. 51.*
*For Special Orders, No. 44, Headquarters Armies of the United States, June
2S, 1804, prescribing means of transportation, &c., see Series I, Vol. XL, Part I,
p. 40.
824 COBREBPONDENCE, ETC.
No. 52.
QnABTERMASTBB-GBNBRAL'S OFFICE, EIGHTH DIVISION,
Washington, D. C, October 10, 1865.
Bvt Maj. Gen. M. C. Mbigs,
Quartermaster-Chneral U. 8. Army, Washingtoti, D, C:
General: In consequence of my continued absence on inspection
duty your circular of the Si4th of July, 1865, requiring from the chief
of each division a full report of the oi>erations of his division during
the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, was not brought to my notice
until yesterday, but I hope to be able to furnish all the important
data in time to be embodied in your annual report to the Honorable
Secretary of War.
The act of Congress approved July 4, 1864, for the better organiza-
tion of the Quartermasters Dei>artment, was promulgated by the War
Department in General Orders, No. 231, July 18, 1864.
Section 1 of the act referred to sets forth that ^'the Eighth Division
shall have charge of all inspections of the Quartermaster's Department
and all rei)ortsmade by officers assigned to inspection duty, analyzing
and preserving the reports as received, and communicating through
the Quartermaster-General to the chief of the proper division such
portions of the reports as may be necessary for their information and
use," with provisions for subsequent action ui)on such references.
On the 23d of July, 1864, the Quartermaster-General submitted to
the Adjutant-General a list of names of officers for assignment to
duty under the aforesaid act.
On the 6th of August following officers were assigned as chiefs of
the divisions in the Quartermaster-General's Office, with two excep-
tions, the Seventh and Eighth Divisions. Subsequently, on the 24th
of August, 1864, 1 was assigned as chief of the Eighth (insx)ection)
Division.
Previous to this assignment I had had charge of the annual reports
of officers, the duties connected with the assignment of officers of the
Quartermaster's Department to duty, the duties connected with their
changes of station, the transmission of remarks on the accounts of
officers, personal reports, and the distribution of orders and blanks.
Subsequent to my assignment as chief of the inspection division I
was relieved of the transmission of remarks on accounts of officers
and examination of monthly rex>orts. The other duties referred to I
still continue to perform.
Immediately after my assignment as above, to wit, on the 26th of
August, 1864, 1 was ordered on special insi)ection duty for the War
Department, and was absent from the Quartermaster-General's Office
from that date until the 1st of October, 1864, when I was ordered to
return to duty in the Quailiermaster-General's Office.
During my absence Col. H. Biggs, inspector, Quartermaster's Depart-
ment, acted as chief of theinsi)ection division.
On the 14th of October, 1864, I received verbal instmctionR from
the Secretary of War to make a series of inspections in the Deiiart-
ment of Washington. I accordingly entered upon and continued
upon this duty until the 20th of October, 1864, at the same time i)er-
forming the duties of my division of the Quartermaster-General's
Office.
About the last of October, 1864, 1 was ordered to resume my inspec-
tion under orders of the War Department; was absent about twenty
days and returned to duty in the Quartermaster-General's Office.
UNIOK AUTHOBITIEB. 325
Dnring this absence Col. J. D. Bingham, inspector, Quartermaster's
Department, was in charge of the Eighth Division.
On the Idth of April, 1865, 1 left Washington on a leave of absence
for thirty days. After enjoying ten days of my leave I noticed in a
newspaper General Orders, No. 77, of the War Department, for the
prompt reduction of expenses, <fec., in view of which, and believing
my services would be more important at that than at any other time,
I telegraphed the Quartermaster-General, prox)osing to enter upon
duty at once, if required, and avail myself of the remainder of my
leave some other time. He immediately ordered me upon inspection
duty in the Northern Department with a view to curtailing exx)ense8.
I was engaged upon inspection duty and investigations from that
time until the 20th of August, 1865, when I returned to duty in
charge of the insx)ection division.
During this a^nce Ck>lonel Bingham officiated in charge of the
inspection division.
On the 20th of September, 1865, 1 was again ordered upon inspection
duty in the Department of the East. I returned to duty in the
Quartermaster-General's Office on the 7th of October, 1865.
Of the six inspectors provided for by act of Congress approved July
4, 1864, only four of the officers nominated by the Quartermaster-
General on the 2dd of July, 1864, for assignment to duty as inspectors
of the Quartermaster's Department, were so assigned on the 6th of
August, 1864. These four were Colonels Biggs, Bingham, Cruttenden,
and Owen. As soon as they were relieved from duty where they were
serving at the time of such assignment three of these were ordered
ux>on insi)ection duty, and a large number of inspections have been
made in different parts of the United States, resulting most benefi-
cially to the department. Concerning these inspections I shall
remark more in detail hereinafter.
Colonel Biggs was not ordered on insx>ecting duty, as he was detailed
for other duty until the tender of his resignation.
JJpon my return to the Quartermaster-General's Office, October 1,
1864, Colonel Biggs was assigned to duty as depot quartermaster at
Philadelphia, which position he held until February 15, 1865, when
he was relieved, and shortly after tendered his resignation.
It was unofficially communicated to this office that his resignation
had been accepted, and he was not therefore assigned to duty. It
was subsequently ascertained that his resignation had not been form-
ally accepted. The attention of the War Department was called to
the matter and information sought as to his status, whereux)on his
resignation was accepted on the 11th of October, 1865.
On the 24th of August, 1864, Capt. Gilbert A. Pierce was assigned
as an inspector of the Quartermaster's Dei>artment, with the rank of
colonel.
He made several inspections in the Departments of the South and
the Gulf. * * * He was relieved from an assignment as an inspec-
tor of the Quartermaster's Department on the 13th of May, 1865.
On the 30th of August, 1864, Capt. John C. Crane, assistant quarter-
master, was assigned to duty as an inspector, Quartermaster's Depart-
ment, with the rank of colonel, but he has never performed inspection
duty under orders of the Quartermaster-General.
On April 30, 1865, Capt. J. F. Rusling, assistant quartermaster, was
assigned to duty as an insi>ector. Quartermaster's Dejiartment, with
the rank of colonel.
826 COBRESPONDENCE, ETC.
He made inspections in the Department of the Tennessee and an
investigation at Chicago, III., after which, August 2, 1865, he was
granted a leave of absence of thirty days, at the expiration of which
time he was ordered by the Quartermaster-General to return to Nash-
ville on inspection duty, which order was revoked by order of the
President September 8, 1865, and Colonel Rusling ordered to rei)ort
to him. The latter order is still in force so far as this office is
advised.
On the 24th of June, 1865, Capt. R. Brinkerhoif, assistant quarter-
master, was assigned to duty as an inspector, Quartermaster's
Department, but on the 24th of August was ordered to report to the
Secretary of War for special duty, upon which he is still engaged.
The following summary will show briefly the nature of the duties
performed by these inspectors:
Col. J. D. Bingham, inspector, Quartermaster's Department, trans-
mitted to this office his flrst inspection report on the 10th of Novem-
ber, 1864, at which time he was engaged in certain investigations in the
Department of the East. Subsequently he returned to Washington
and was placed temporarily in charge of the inspection division dur-
ing my absence on special duty.
On the 27th of November, 1864, he was ordered West in connection
with certain investigations, and was engaged on important duties
there until the 20th of April, 1865, when he returned to Washington,
and was again placed temporarily in charge of the Eighth Division
during my absence West.
On my return he was ordered to make inspections at Boston and
New York City.
On the 24th of September he returned to the Quartermaster-Gen-
eral's Office and assumed temporarily the duties of the Seventh and
Ninth Divisions, Quartermaster-General's Office, during the absence
of Col. B. C. Card, in charge of those divisions.
Upon Colonel Card's return he resumed his inspection duty in the
Dei>artment of the East, and is now engaged upon these duties.
During the fiscal year he transmitted to this office reports of eight
inspections, and since the 1st of July, 1865, he has transmitted to this
office the reports of four inspections.
The reports of Colonel Bingham have been complete, f uU, and sat-
isfactory, and the prompt, thorough, and intelligent manner with
which he has performed the duties allotted to him is in the highest
degree creditable to him as an officer of this department.
Col. J. D. Cruttenden, inspector, Quartermaster's Department, was
directed on the 17th of September, 1864, to proceed to Devall's Bluff,
Ark., and enter upon a series of inspections in the Dei>artments of
Arkansas, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Kansas, and Colorado.
He was continuously employed upon such duties until August 30,
1865, when he was granted a leave of absence by the War Dejiart-
ment for fifteen days.
On the 20th of September, 1865, he was directed to proceed upon
another tour of inspections comprising the District of the Plains and
Utah.
The total number of reports received from him during the fiscal
year is fifteen, and since the close of said year seven; total, twenty-
two.
TTNTON AUTHORITIES. S27
Col. G. A. Pierce while Tix)on inspection duty transmitted to this
office reports of seventeen insx>ections.
41 41 41 41 41 41 «
Col. W. H. Owen was relieved from his as&ignment as inspector,
Qnartermaster's Department, February 16, 1865. He made inspec-
tions in the Departments of Missouri, Ohio, and the Middle Depart-
ment. He transmitted to this office sixteen reports.
« 41 « 41 41 41 41
Col. James F. Rusling, inspector. Quartermaster's Department, has
made three reports, one of them during the fiscal year, the other
two since the 1st of July, 1865.
Those rex)ort8 are very voluminous, numbering in the aggregate
452 i>age8.
« 41 41 41 41 41 41
During the fiscal year I transmitted to the Quartermaster-General's
Office reports of seventeen inspections and investigations, and since
the 1st of July, 1865, have added thirty-two to that number — ^in aU,
forty-nine.
These inspections and investigations have been made in the North-
em Department, in Kansas, Missouri, and in the Department of the
East. ♦ ♦ ♦
In addition to the inspectors regularly assigned, and whose duties
have been briefly stated above, other officers of the Quartermaster's
Department have been temix>rarily assigned to inspection duty as
the necessities of the service required. Particularly since active
operations have ceased it has been necessary to call into requisition
the services of such, and in many cases the results have been highly
satisfactory and productive of the greatest good in connection with
the retrenchment and reduction of force and expense.
The following list indicates the number of reports rendered by
each of the officers who have been thus temporarily assigned during
the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865:
Lient. Col. J. G. Chandler, asBistant quartermaster of yolnnteers 2
Capt. J. v. Fnrev, aseistant quartermaster of volunteers 8
Col. S. B. Holabird, aide-de-camp 1
Lieut. Col. J. H. Stokes, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 23
Lieut. Col. A. L. Thomas, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 1
Capt. T. R. Dudley, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 1
Lieut. Col. C. W. Tolles, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 4
Capt. P. T. Tumler, assistant quartermaster, U. S. Army 1
Capt. G^rge P. Webster, assistant quartermadler of volunteers 3
Capt. M. D. Wickersham, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 8
Capt. C. H. Deane, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 1
Capt. QeoTtte Q. White, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 1
Capt. Charles Worms, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 1
Capt. £. D. Chapman, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 8
Lieut. Col. G. A. Shallenberger, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 1
— 54
Since July 1,1866:
Bvt. Brig. Gen. George S. Dodge, assistant quartermaster of volunteers . . 21
Capt. H. A. Royce, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 8
Capt. Newton Flagg, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 2
Capt. T. C. Bowles, assistant quartermaster of volunteers 1
— 27
Aggregate to October 1 81
828 COBBE8PONDEXCE, ETC.
RBGAPrrULATION.
Number of inspection reports received in the Eighth Division, Qaar-
termaster-General's Office, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865:
Col. Q«oTge v. Rntherford, iuBpector, Qnartennaflter's BepBrtment 17
Col. J. D.Biiigham, iiispector, Qoartermaator'B Departing 8
Col. J. D. Cruttenden, inspector, Quartermaster's Department 15
Col. W. H, Owen, inspector, Quartermaster's Department 16
Col. J. P. Rusling, inspector, Qnartermaster's Department 8«
Col. G. A. Pierce, inspector, Qoartermaster's Department 17
By temporary inspectors 64
Beceiv ed from varions sonrces 86
216
Nxmiber received since Jnly 1, 1866:
Col. Qeorge V. Rntherford, inspector, Qnartennaster's Department 82
Col. J. D. Binffham, inspector, Qnartermaster's Department 4
Col. J. D. Cruttenden, inspector, Quartermaster's Department 7
By temporary inspectors 27
70
Grand total 287
Two hundred and sixteen inspection reports rendered by officers of
the Quartermaster's Department, under orders of the Quartermaster-
Greneral, have been entered in the inspection division during the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1865. Many of these reports contain 240
pages of foolscap paper. All of them have been thoroughly and care-
f uUy examined and extracts made and sent to the several divisions to
which they had reference.
There hisive been received and entered in the inspection division
during the same time 579 communications referring to inspections,
investigations, and the official character of officers of the Quarter-
master's Department.
The entries in the inspection book are in fact briefs of the original
papers, and not merely skeletons. Every name of a i)erson, however
insignificant, occurring in these papers is alphabetically entered, so
that one name being recollected, all the facts i)ertaining to the trans-
action can be at once ascertained.
INVESTIGATIONS.
Investigations involving the conduct of officers have generally been
conducted by officers of this department with great thoroughness and
efficiency, but some mistakes have been made in the mode of investi-
gating by a want of shrewdness and propriety of action.
It was intended to give a summary of the recommendations by the
several officers assigned to inspection duty for reductions, and the
amount saved to the Government by these insx>ections; but my pro-
tracted absence and the little time now left precludes the i>ossibnity
of carrying out this design.
INVENTORY AND INSPECnON BBPORT8.
The nnmber of inventory and inspection reports rendered by officers in
compliance with paragraph 1028, Revised Regulations, received from
JuneSO, 1864, to July 1,1865, is 11,1M
All of which have been acted upon.
Received, entered, and acted upon since July 1 to October 1, 1866 6,808
Total 17,486
UNION AUTHORITIES. 829
BOARDS OP SURVEY.
The nnmber of reports of boards of survey reoeived, entered, and acted uix>n
from June 80, 1864, to July 1, 18W, is 2ft8
Received, entered, and acted upon since July 1, 1865 186
Total 489
OFFICERS' RECORD.
An officers' record has been compiled, comprising all officers of the
Quartermaster's Department, each officer occupying one P9ge, show-
ing at one view a condensed record of his api)ointment, movements,
services, changes, recommendations, &o. For this purpose the books
of the office have been consulted for over three years back. In pro-
X)ortion as this division has become more thoroughly organized this
reoord has been made more minute, and is kept up daily — almost
hourly.
ANNUAL REPORTS.
The annual reports received during the fiscal year ending June 90,
1865, api)ertaining to the fiscal year ending June 30, 1864, were 591.
Prom July 1, 1865, to the present the number of annual reports
received appertaining to the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, is 340.
From the latter tables have been prepared for the annual report of
the Quartermaster-General showing the amount of supplies on hand
July 1, 1864, received, purohased, manufactured, captured, &o., dur-
ing the fiscal year; also the amount of public moneys received and
exi>ended during the fiscal year.
Extracts have been made from the narratives of officers giving all
the valuable information contained in them for the information of tibe
Quartermaster-Oeneral.
The tables and statements referred to do not comprise all the opera-
tions of the Quartermaster's Department, because of the fact that a
large number of the officers have failed to render their rex)orts as
required by general orders; but these exceptions aro officers whose
duties were light, and if their reports had been rendered they would
not swell to any great extent the lists prepared.
OFFICIAL. BONDS.
Nmnber on file July 1,1864 416
Nmnher received during the fiscal year 219
NmnberreceiyedBixice July 1 to October 1,1866 90
Total nxmiber received 664
Nimiber apraoved by the Secretary of War and sent to the Second Comp-
troller XT. 8. Treasury for file durnig the fiscal year 480
Nnmber approved and sent since July 1, 1866, to October 1, 1866 84
Total number approved and sent for file 684
The balance of the bonds (130) have been found to be imperfect,
and are now being corrected and perfected as required by law and
regulations.
The total number of bonds on file July 1, 1864, and since received
represent the sum of $6,540,000, a sum considerably less than that fre-
quently confided to the care and disposition of one officer of the
Quartermaster's Department.
830 CORRB8PONDEK0E, ETC.
BOARDS OF EXAMINERS.
The following is a summary of the oi)erations of the several boards
for the examination of officers of the Quartermaster's Department:
1. The Examining Board for the Departments of the Cumberland,
Tennessee, and OMo, was organized by Special Orders, No. 317,
Adjutant-General's Office, September 23, 1864, and was composed of
the following officers: Lieut. Col. W. G. Le Due, chief quartermaster
Twentieth -^my Corps; Lieut. Col. A. J. Mackay, chief quartermas-
ter Fourteenth Army Corps; Lieut. Col. H. Hayes, chief quartermaster
Fourth Anny Corps.
Lieutenant-Colonel Mackay's arduous duties in the field rendered
it impracticable for him to serve upon the Board. He applied to be
relieved from such assignment, and by Special Orders, No. 57,
Adjutant-General's Office, February 4, 1865, he was relieved by CoL
R. C. Webster, chief quartermaster Department of Virginia.
By Special Orders, No. 173, Adjutant-General's Office, April 17, 1865,
Lieut. Col. W. G. Le Due, chief quartermaster Twentieth Army
Corps, was relieved by Capt. J. F. Rusling, assistant quartermaster
volunteers, and Colonel Le Duo ordered to join his proper command.
By Special Orders, No. 222, Adjutant-General's Office, May 11, 1865,
Capt. J. F. Rusling, in8i)ector. Quartermaster's Department, was
relieved by Capt. £. B. Carling, assistant quartermaster, U. S. Army,
and Captain Rusling ordered upon inspection duty.
By Special Orders, No. 309, Adjutant-General's Office, June 16, 1865,
Capt. £. B. Carling was relieved as a member of the Board, and as no
officer had been assigned to fill the vacancy no officers have since
been examined by this Board.
Number of officers examined by thifl Board to July 1, 1866 60
Nmnber reported qualified 41
Nmnber reported diaqnalified 9
Number mustered out by reason of disqualification 8
Number not acted upon 1
Number of officers examined by this Board since July 1,1865 9
Nxmiber reported qualified 8
Number reported disqualified - 6
Number mustered out by reason of disqualification 3
Number of resignations 1
Total 4
Total number examined by this Board 59
Total number reported qualified 44
Total number disqualified 15
Total number mustered out by reason of disaualification 11
Total number resigned by reason of disqualincation 1
Total number not acted upon 8
15
The Examining Board for the Departments of Arkansas and the
Gulf, convened by Special Orders, No. 317, Adjutant-General's Office,
September 23, 1864, was composed of the following officers :
Lieut. Col. Alexander Bliss, assistant quartermaster, U. S. Army;
Maj. M. S. Miller, assistant quartermaster, U. S. Army; Capt. S. £.
Uundle, assistant quartermaster of volunteers.
UNION AUTHORinSS. 831
After completing their duties in the above departments this Board
was transferred to the Departments of Washington and the East, by
Special Orders, No. 137, Adjntant-General's Office, March 21, 1865.
By Special Orders, No. 202, Adjutant-General's Office, May 3, 1865,
Captain Rundle was relieved and Maj. Nelson Plato, assistant quar-
termaster of volunteers, assigned to duty in his stead.
By Special Orders, No. 440, Adjutant-General's Office, August 15,
1865, laeutenant-Colonel Bliss was relieved from his assignment as
lieutenant-colonel, by which change the Board was practically dis-
solved, and no officers have since been examined by it.
Number of officers examined by the Board to July 1, 1886 78
Number reported qnalified 46
Nmnber reported diBqualified 28
Nttmber resigned by reason of disqnaUfication 18
Nnmber mustered out by reason of disquaUfication 10
Number not acted upon 5
Number of ofScers examined since July 1, 1865 81
Number reported qualified 19
Number reported disqualified 12
Number not acted upon 12
Total number of officers examined by this Board 104
Total number reported qualified 64
Total nxmiber reixyrted disqualified 40
Total number mustered out by reason of disqualification 10
Total number resigned by reason of disqualincation 13
IHsappro yed and not acted upon 17
Grand total 40
The Examining Board for the district comprising armies operating
against Richmond, convened and organized by Special Orders, No.
317, Adjutant-General's Office, September 23, 1864, was composed of
the following officers: Col. R. N. Batchelder, chief quartermaster
Army of the Potomac; Lieut. Col. L. H. Peirce, chief quartermaster
Ninth Army Corps; Maj. G. A. Shallenberger, chief quartermaster
Second Division, Second Army Corps.
Colonel Batchelder's services being required with the army by Spe-
cial Orders, No. 109, Adjutant-General's Office, May 2, 1865, Col.
R. N. Batchelder was relieved by Maj. W. H. D. Cochrane, chief
quartermaster First Division, Second Army Corps.
By Special Orders, No. 219, Adjutant-General's Office, May 10,
1865, ^jor Cochrane was relieved, and no officers have since been
examined.
Total nimiber of officers examined by this Board to July 1, 1865 42
Number reported qualified 86
Nimiber reported disqualified 6
Number mustered out by reason of disqualification 4
Nxnnber of resignations 1
Not acted upon 1
6
SS2 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
The Examining Board for the Departments of Kansas, Missonri,
and Northern and Northwest, oomvened by Special Orders, No. 317,
Adjatant-GeneraFs Office, September 23, 1864, was composed of the
following officers: Col. 0. H. Hojrt, chief quartermaster Northern
Department; Lient. Col. J. B. Howard, chief qnartermaster Eighteenth
Army Corps; Lieut. Col. F. Myers, quartermaster, U. S. Army, aide-
de-camp.
By Special Orders, No. 95, Adjutant-Oeneral's Office, February 25,
1865, Lieut. Col. J. B. Howa^ was relieved, and by Special Orders,
No. 151, Adjutant-General's Office, March 29, 1865, Capt. W. H. Owen,
assistant quartermaster of volunteers, was assigned to duty in his
stead.
By Special Orders, No. 232, Adjutant-Gtonerars Office, May 16, 1865,
the Quartermaster-General was authorized to adjourn the Board until
further notice, which was done. The Board has not been reassembled.
Total number officers examined by this Board to July 1,1865 78
Number reported qualified 72
Number reported diaqualified 6
Number mustered oat by reaBon of diBqnalification 8
Number of redgnatioDB 8
6
RBOAPrrUlAATIOM.
Total number of offloen of the Qaartermaster's Department examined by the
several boards during the fiscal year ending June 80, 1865, is 248
Total number reported qualified 194
Total number reported disqualified 4»
Total number mustered out by reason of disgualificatlon 85
Total number resigned by reason of disqualincation 17
Total number disapproved or not acted upon 7
48
Total number of officers of the Quartermaster's Department examined by the
several boards since the 1st of July, 1865 40
Total number reported qualified 28
Total number reported disqualified 18
Total number mustered out by reason of disauaUfioation 8
Total number resigned by reason of disaualification 1
Total number disapproved and not acted upon 14
~18
GBAND TOTAL.
Number examined to date (October 1, 1866) 883
Number reported qualified 816
Number reported disqualified 87
Number mustered out by reason of disqualificatiQn 88
Number resigned by reason of disqualincation 18
Number disapproved and not acted upon 81
67
The number of officers still in service who have not been examined
is 245.
UNION AT7THORITIEB. 883
Owing to the present status of the boards constituted by the orders
above cited, it will be impossible to proceed with the examinations
antU further orders are issued by the Secretary of War in the
premises.
On the 1st of July, 1864, there were in the Regular Army 76 officers
of the Quartermaster's Department, as follows:
Breyet major-general 1
ColonelB 8
lieatenant-colonelB 4
Majora 12
Captauui 47
Hl&tary store-lceeperB 9
T6tal 76
Of the lieutenant-colonels there was: Colonel and aide-de-camp, 1.
Of the majors there were: Brigadier-generals of volunteers, 3; bre-
vet lieutenant-colonel, 1; not on duty in the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment, but a major-general of volunteers, 1; assigned to duty as
lieutenant-colonel and chief quartermaster in accordance with an act
approved July 17, 1862, 1.
Of the captains there were: Colonels and aidefr-de-camp, 2;
lieutenant-colonel and aide-de-camp, 1; not on duty in the Quarter-
master's DeiMirtment, but brigadier-generals of volunteers, 3; not on
duty in the Quartermaster's Department, but colonels of volunteers,
2; assigned to duty as lieutenant-colonels and chief quartermasters
of corps under act of July 17, 1862, 6.
Awaiting orders: Lieutenant-colonel,!; captain 1.
The effective force of the regular corps of the Quartermaster's
Department was on the Ist of July, 1864, 68.
On the 1st of July, 1864, there were assistant quartermasters of
volunteers, 549. Of these there were: Colonels and aides-de-camp,
2; major and aide-de-camp, 1; assigned to duty as lieutenant-colonels
and chief quartermasters of corps under the act of July 17, 1862, 9;
not on duty in the Quartermaster's Department, 1; not on duty in
the Quartermaster's Department, but colonels of volunteers, 2;
unknown, never having reported nor replied to communications from
this office, 41.
The effective force, therefore, of officers in the Quartermaster's
Department of the volunteer service was, July 1, 1864, 505.
On the 30th of June, 1865, there were 78 officers of the Quarter-
master's Department belonging to the regular corps, as follows:
Brevet major-seneral 1
Breyet brigadier-generals 8
Colonel 1
Identenant-colonels , 4
Majors 11
Captains 48
Military store-keepers 11
Total 78
Of the lieutenant-colonels there were : Colonel and aide-de-camp, 1 ;
assigned to duty as colonel under act approved July 4, 1864, 1.
Of the majors there were: Brigadier-generals of volunteers, 3; not
on duty in the department, but a brevet major-general of volunteers,
1; awaiting orders, 1; assigned to duty as colonels under the act
approved July 4, 1864, 3; lieutenant-colonel and aide-de-camp, 1.
884 COBSESPONDENCE, ETC.
Of the captains there were: Brigadier-generals of volnnteeiB not on
duty in the Quartermaster's Department, 3; colonels, 3; brevet
br^adier-generals, 2; colonels and aides-de-camp, 2; assigned to duty
as colonels under the act approved July 4, 1864, 12; assigned to duly
as lieutenant-colonels under the act approved July 17, 1862, 5; not
subject to orders, 2.
The effective force of the regular corps on the 30th of June, 1865,
was 67.
On the 1st of July, 1865, the number of assistant quartermasters of
volunteers was 488. Of these there were : Brigadier-general, 1 ; brevet
brigadier-general, 1; colonel and aide-de-camp, 1; colonels assigned
under act approved July 4, 1864, 25; lieutenanfc-colonels assigned
under act approved July 17, 1862, 13; brevet colonels, 5; brevet
lieutenant-colonel, 1; majors assigned under act approved July 4,
1864, 26; brevet majors, 3; major and aide-de-camp, 1.
Of the above colonels there are:
In charge of departments tt
Inspectors 4
Incbargeof dlTisionsof the Qoartermaster-Qe^eral's Office 8
In charge of depots 6
Chief quartermasters of armies 4
Total 25
Of these there were: Colonels (regulars), 16; colonels (volunteers),
25; majors (regulars), 2; majors (volunteers), 27.
Eff ectiye force :
Beflrnlars 67
Voiimteers 488
Total 666
On the 1st of October, 1865, there were officers of the Quarter-
mastei^s Department in the Regular Army as follows:
Brevet major-general 1
Colonels 8
Ideatenant-colonels ^ 4
Majors 11
Captains 47
Total "«
Of the colonels there are: Brevet brigadier-generals, 2.
Of the lieutenant-colonels there are: Brevet brigadier-general, 1;
colonel and aide-de-camp, 1; colonels assigned under the act of July
4, 1864, 2.
Of the majors there are: Brevet brigadier-generals, U. S. Army, 6;
brevet major-generals of volunteers, 3; colonels assigned under act
of July 4, 1864, 2.
Of tiie captains there are: Brevet major-generals not on duty in the
department, 3; brevet brigadier-generals of volunteers, 3; colonels
and aides^e-camp, 2; colonels assigned under act of July 4, 1864, 10;
brevet lieutenant-colonels, U. S. Army, 8; lieutenant-colonel assigned
under act of July 17, 1862, 1; migor assigned under act of Jmy 4,
1864, 1; military store-keepers, 10.
The colonels assigned under act of July 4, 1864, are on duty as
follows: Inspectors, 2; depot quartermasters, 3; divisions of the
UNION AUTH0BITIB8. 335
QuaTtermaster-Generars Office, 4; chief quartermasters of depart-
ments, 5. The effective force of the Qaartermaster's Department,
re^lar officers, October 1, 1865, were 63.
On the Iflt of October, 1866, there were in serrioe as awistant qnartennaste^
of yolunteers 870
Under arrest 1
Awaiting orders 28
Total 899
Of the above officers there are: Brigadier-general, 1; brevet briga-
dier-generals, 3; brevet colonels, 7; brevet lientenant-colonels, 3;
brevet majors, 10; colonel and aide-de-camp, 1.
Colonels assigned under act of July 4, 1864, 22, as follows:
Inspectors.- 5
Depot qnartermasten .., — 4
Chief quartermasters of departmentB 10
Chiefoof divisions of the QnarteRiiaster-General'BOiBoe 8
Total 28
Majors assigned under act of July 4, 1864, 2; major and aide-de-
camp, 1; Uentenant-colonel assigned nnder act of Ju^ 17, 1862, 1.
Effective force :
Besnlars .. 68
Voumteers 870
Total 'm
Of the assignment of colonels nnder the act of July 4, 1864, there
are — ^regulars, 14; volunteers, 22; excess regulars, 3.
During the fiscal year there were iappointed assistant quartermas-
ters— ^in the Regular Army, 5; in the Volunteer Army, 145; militaiy
store-keepers, 2.
Since the 30th of June to the 1st of October, 1865, there have been
appointed in the Regular Army — ^assistant quartermaster, 1; military
store-keeper, 1.
During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, officers of the Quarter-
master's Department went out of service as follows:
HuSndoat!'.'.!"!!!!!!
HoBonbly diMhaiftd .. .
nied....
AppointBMBto TMAtod . .
Aypoliitmflnto reTokad .
Appointmento daoHned .
nWtaMd
Diopped from rolls
Total
Aggngate.
02
9S
4
U
1
9
2
43
12
336 COBBEBPONDENGE, ETC.
Since the dOth of June to the Ist of October, 1865, officers of the
Quartermaster's Department have gone out of service as follows:
A«8iBtaiit qnArtermMten:
JEtMigned
Appointments TMftted .
Ifiutered oat
Appointments oanoeled.
Dismissed.
Militsry Btora-keaper resigned. ,
Totsl
Aggiegiito.
13
1
136
21
1
171
174
RBCAPITXJLATION.
July 1, 1864, to October 1, 1866, resigned, ssslatsnt qusrtemiasters of the Begolsr Aimy .
Appointments Tsoated, Assistant quartermasters, Regular Axmj
Dropped firom rolls, Regular Army
Assistant quartermasters, Tdlunteers :
Resigned
HuiMredout
Appointments vaoated
Appointments canceled
Appointments revoked
Appointments dedUned
Dlnnlssed
Honorably discharged
Died
Military store>keeperB resigned
Total
Aggregate.
106
m
8
64
8
S
18
4
18
I 375
888
During the fiscal year there were 460 assignments of officers of the
Quartermaster's Department to duty by oMers of the War Depart-
ment, of which we have record; and from July 1, 1865, to October 1,
1865, there were 70 such assignments; in all, 530, including changes
of station.
PEBSONAIi AND CONSOLIDATED MONTHLY BBPORT8.
Personal reports for the past year have been rendered more promptly.
Also consolidated monthly reports have been rendered by the chief
quartermasters of the different departments of all officers serving in
the Quartermaster's Department under their direction, as required by
circular from this office, dated January 18, 1865.
From these reports much valuable information has been derived.
They give the stations of officers and the various duties in which they
have been engaged during the previous month, and exhibit all the
changes and transfers within the departments during the month,
accompanied by copies of department orders pertoining to the Quar-
termaster's Department.
DISTBIBUnON OF ORDERS.
This division has experienced much difficulty in supplying officers
of the Quartermaster's Department with the orders of the War Depart-
ment and of the Quartermaster-General's Office. Though they have
UNION AUTHORITIES. 337
been promptly and regularly sent to the chief quartermasters in quan-
tities sufficient to supply their subordinates, the failure to receive them
was frequently made the excuse for neglect of duty. To remedy to
some extent this evil a system was adopted to require a receipt from
the officer to whom orders were transmitted. Had this been devised
and adopted earlier, and had it been made a point to retransmit orders
to officers doing important duties when receipts were not forthcoming,
no doubt much irregularity in the rendering of accounts and in the
general management of business would have been obviated.
COMPILATION OF ORDERS, ETC.
A very general desire has been expressed that all the orders relat-
ing to this department should be collected, revised, and published in
convenient form, and a reference made to the laws and regulations
bearing upon the subject; the decisions of the Quartermaster-General
since the commencement of this war to be embodied in the same work.
This should be done under the sanction of the Quartermaster-General,
and published by authority of the War Department. The publica-
tion of any treatise of this kind without this sanction and authority
would not meet the wants of the department.
The several works which have lately appeared, though no doubt
prompted by a commendable spirit, fail to meet the requirements,
inasmuch as the subjects aro not properly collated; and besides, an
officer would hesitate to base a heavy disbursement upon a decision
contained in an unofficial digest. The Book of Decisions of the Second
Comptroller of the Treasury Department is the best I have seen,
though some of his decisions as given are contrary to the Regulations.
I will cite as instances Article 1234, Decisions of Second Comptroller,
versus Paragraph 1142 and Form 20 to Abscract B, Revised Army
Regulations; and the last clause of Article 1265 and Article 1266,
Decisions of Second Comptroller, versiLS Paragraphs 1082 and 1083,
Revised Army Regulations, and laws of Congress.
COMMUNICATIONS SENT AND RECEIVED.
The number of letters received and entered in this division is as
follows:
Ftotd—
PrlttoiiMa
entries.
Jaonjoy 1 to June 80. 1865
July 1 io September 80, 180S, Inclusive. .
Total
2,204
1«178
CroMen-
tries.
A. 161
1«748
6,00i
Total,
6.366
2,921
0.1
The number of communications (exclusive of correspondence in
reference to annual and personal reports, the transmission of printed
orders, and printed circular letters) forwarded from this division from
January 1 to June 30, 1865, inclusive, is as foUovrs:
To the Secretary of War _ 140
TotheAdjntaat-Qeneral 410
KiflceUaneoiis 1,286
Total 1,816
22 R Rr— SERIES m, VOL V
338 COBBESPONDENCE, ETC.
And from July 1, 1865, to September 90, 1865, inclusive:
To the Secretary of War 79
To the Adjutant-General 884
Mifloellaneous 837
Total 1,300
Total number from Jnly 1, 1864, to September 30, 1865, as follows:
To the Secretary of War 219
To the Adjutant-General 794
MiflcellaneouB 2,108
Total 8,116
GENERAL ORDERS.
Estimated number of general ordei's received and issued during the
year:
Baring the year.
Jii]jl,lMft,toOeto-
^b«r 1,1866.
Jalyl.U64,to8ep-
umber 80. 1886.
BeoelT^.
I«u.d.
ReoelT«d.
iMoad.
SMseiTed.
leened.
▲4JnMnl-G«oenil's orden
124,800
75,000
114,177
58. m
820,000
28.800
10.480
11,880
844.800
108,800
1S4»68T
64.880
ToUl
in. 800
177,286
248.800
22. ISO
448,800
180.457
THE RANK OF OFFICERS OF THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT
NOT COMMENSURATE WITH THE IMPORTANT SERVICE THET HAVE
RENDERED IN THIS WAR.
It is now a conceded fact that commanding generals owe much of
their success to the untiring zeal and determined energy of officers of
the Quartermaster's Department.
At the eleventh hour they were readv to accord to officers of this
department their just meed of praise for the faithful discharge of
onerous and often difficult duties.
Congress to this time has been unmindful of this indisx)ensable
enginery to the success of ainnies and has made no provision for
proper reward. The distribution of "brevets," which has been judi-
ciously done by the Honorable Secretary of War, was all that was
left for those who have taken or will soon take their places again as
citizens. These marks of recognition of their services, if promptly
ratified by the coming Congress, will cause great gratification and
create the thought that those who have remained at home — ^in the
reaiv— to enjoy the fruits of peace and plenty vouchsafed by victory,
while it was being achieved by their constituents, under privations
and hardships in the field — ^at the front — are not wholly incapable of
appreciating the relative position of citizen and soldier.
OFFICERS ON DUTY IN THIS DIVISION.
Before closing this report I would respectfully invite the attention of
the Quartermaster-General to the merits of Capt. H. A. Royce, assist-
ant quartermaster of volunteers, my assistant in this division. He is a
civil engineer by profession, and first entered the service July 20, 1861,
UNION AUTHORITIES. 8S9
as a quartermaster-sergeant Twenty-first Massachusetts Yolnnteers.
He was commissioned regimental quartermaster Twenty-second Mas-
sachusetts Volunteers November 29, 1861, and served with his regiment,
subject to various details, till October 12, 1864, when he was mus-
tered out of the service. He was appointed assistant quartermaster
of volunteers March 11, 1865, received his commission May 6, 1865,
and was assigned to duty in the Eighth Division of the Quartermaster-
Generars Office May 20, 1865. Captain Royce has a liberal educa-
tion. His general qualifications for business, his excellent judgment
and discrimination, and extensive experience in the field in the
Quartermaster's Department eminently fit him to render, and he has
rendered, most valuable services in this division. He is industrious,
efficient, and possessed of all the elements requisite for the prompt
discharge of official duties. Though he has served but a short time as
an assistant quartermaster of volunteers, his services during the war
in the Quartermaster's Department entitle him to consideration and
to promotion by brevet, a compliment which can be bestowed without
money and without price. I recommend him for appointment to the
rank of lieutenant-colonel by brevet.
Capt. John Y. Furey, assistant quartermaster of volunteers, has
had in charge under my direction the annual reports of officers, per-
sonal reports, the distribution of orders, Ac. In the discharge of
these and other duties he has proved himself faithful, efficient, and
worthy of the kind consideration of the Quartermaster-General, to
which I commend him, and recommend that he be appointed a major
by brevet.
GLEBKS.
The clerks on duty in this division having access to and employed
upon the books and {Mipers — many of which are confidential — are
gentlemen of a high order of qualification, morally and educationally.
They are punctual in their attendance and observe the utmost
decorum during office hours. They have proved themselves worthy
of the confidence and commendation of the Quartermaster-GeneraL
All of the foregoing is respectfully submitted.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEO. V. RUTHERFORD,
Colondy Quarterma8ter^8 Depa/rtmenL
No. 53.
Statem/eni of dothing and camp and garrison equipage on hand July i, 1864, pur-
ehaaed, manufactured, captured, gained, ta&n up, sold, loet, egppended, a$id
remaining on hand in the Quartermaster'e Department during the fiecal year
ending June SO, 1S&6.*
^Vcfr this statement (here omitted) see pp. 287-395 of Execntiye Docmnent No.
1, to which reference is made in foot-note (*) p. 249. It "embraces reports
received from 86S officers out of over 700 officers who were in service during the
fiscal year and who had reports to render." The same remark applies to No. 54
next, poet, which also api>ear8 in Honse Ezecntive Document No. 1, Thirty-ninth
Congress, first sessum, vol. I, pp. 296, 297.
840
COBBE8PONDBNCB, ETC.
No. 64.
Statement of the principal articles of quartermaster^ e property y means of trans-
portationy dbc.jOn hand July 1, 1864^ purchased, manufactured^ captnredygainedy
taken up, soldy died, lost, expended, and remaining on hand in the QuarkTmas-
ter^s Departm^ent during the fiscal year ending June SO, 1866.*
No. 55.
Statement of vessels owned by Cfovemment and in the employ of the Quarter-
master's Department during the fijsoaX year ending June SO, 1866^
JiECAPrrULATION.
BtoMD-boAte .
StMun tags . .
F^rry-boftU
PropeUan
Anny gnu boftU. . .
Steam w»ter-bo«t .
Sohoooen
Sloops
StoModndge.
Barges
Lighter
Oanal-boato...
Wharf-boat . . .
Wreolu
Total
4
1
»
1
. 8
1
S
No. 66.
Statement of vessels chartered, impressed, or employed by the Quartermaster*a
Department during the fiscal year ending June SO, 18S6.\
BBCAPITULATIOir.
Total eaninga <
Amount paid $6, 448,991.72
Amooiit remaining unpaid 8,810,469.86
Dednotlona f. 19.M«.41
10.274,017.88
0,874.017.88
Of the aboTO amount were paid for demurrage 168,286.86
GLABBIFICATIOir OT TSHBLB UfPLOTBD.
Steam-boatt 606
PropeUan 71
Steambargea .. 8
Steam tng8 281
Water-boatB 4
Canal-boaU 899
Ferry-boatB 6
Sbipa 88
BriM..
Barks.
Sloops
Barges
Transports, classlflcation not speoUled . ,
128
27
738
24
Totsl vessels..
No. 67.
Statement
TBOK OFFIOSBS' ANNUAL REPORTS.
of property captured from the enemy during the fiscal year ending
June SO, 1866.\
RBCAPITULATION.
ouynufQ, CAMP ahd GABBiaoir ■quiPAO^.t
Total Talne reported $a4a.660.60
ucAPrruLATioN or quabtbbmastbb's ROBas.t
Total Talne reported 1806,887.56
Clothing, oamp and garrison equipage 648,660.60
Quartermaster's stores 603,887.58
Grand total 1,180,967.18
* See explanatory foot-note, p. 889.
I Omitted, except the " Becapitnlation.*'
referred to in foot-note (*) p. 249.
t Details omitted.
See Executive Docmnent No. 1,
VmOV AUTH0BITIB8. 341
No. 58.
Statement of property captured or destroyed by the enemy during the ftaeal
year ending June 30, 1866.*
RSCiiPITnLATIOH.
GUyxmHO, CAMP AJn> OARIUOK ■QUXPAO^.t
Total yaliMieportod $48,640.21
BMAPITULATIOIf OF QUABTBBIUnBl'S ROBM.t
TotelT«Uienportod $140. 818. 76
Total nliithfag. 0— p «Bd garriion eqoApage 48,649.21
TMal qiuurtaniiaat«r'« atorea 140,888.78
Giand total 188.477.07
Fonu— ThiaataOaBMDt ia oompilad from the aaonal roporta of offlcan fat the paat flaeal year. The
eatlBMted vaJne i« inaerted as far as atated, bat It does not show the ftdl value of the property ^y ^
least one-third of the amount reported.
In addition to the above atsftement Brevet M^or-Geoefal Donaldmni reporta the total loaa and
dBatmetion of pnbUe property In the Department of the Cumberland during the paat vear by fixe, by
freahetioaptared, abandoned, or deatroyed, to prevent ita falling into the handa of the rebda, at
No. 59.
Svmmary etatement of transportation furnished during the fiscal year ending June
SO, 1866.
T&ANSPOBTATIOK ORDEBS OB SIKGLB PAS8AOB8.
Officers and
orders.
SokUers
on
furlough.
Priaoners
of war.
CiviUaoa.
Total.
1.667,666
9Q7;8eO
6,840
1,412
44.887
169,989
16,800
478
80,851
24,847
I
16
1,880
71,892
21,186
09
1
2,600
1,879,887
Sceam-boAta, bargee, dtc
gtaime
^15
wZrnie
1,428
nMSn*~ilak«
48
48; US
1.816, 668
186,890
108.645
96,128
2.204.726
Baflreada
880.084
896,660
73,644
10
14,706
18,162
100,986
27,000
16,986
80.615
619, 192
Atiianii«<««^ bama. ^
1,067,876
100,644
fWw» and lake
1,560,847
14,716
160,148
58,501
1,777,712
Gnad total
8.876,010 1 M1-1M
266,693
148,829
8,982,488
*OiDitted. except the " Becunttilation.'
referred to in foot-note (*) p. 249.
t Details omitted.
See Executive Document No. 1,
342
COBRBSPONDENCK, ET€.
No. 9^.^8ummary statement of irmuportaium fwrnithed during the fiaad year
ending June SO, 1^65— Contmned*
HOTKICKHTS 07 ANHCALS.
HOfOM.
Hnlao.
Cittlaw
TMaL
BaflrffMlii , . .
223. M6
47. 296
58.382
16,026
15.023
71^775
297,013
143,070
8UCW *
Waipnis
1 ^fffiiii •imI lAktf
2S
4.131
4,156
270, 8»
77.411
96.926
444.236
«f)iifo«i4«
57.683
79.286
27.856
16,182
6.134
81.861
1.197
91,668
A^eMB-botts, btfCM. kxi
179.382
0(*fWI fIJM Iu6
1.197
Total owiMd or nm by OoTormnMit
136, M0
46, 067
86.196
272.181
Qraad total
407.848
123,448
186.124
716. 42B
HOVJEKENTS TO VARIOUS DISTANCES 09 STOBSS.
Kind of txanoportation.
SobotoUnoe
QoartonaMtor's
StOTM.
Railroadii
Stoom-boAU. bftrgM, &e. .
SUgao..
Toiw. Ubt.
2,837.868 «t2
381,751 1.480
2Vmm.
2.409.450
870,428
JM.
552
268
IVm. X6«.
391.773 658
376,918 420
WagoDO
OooMiudUko.
Total not owned or nm by Oorenunent. .
Haflfftad*
StOMB-boftU, barges, &e..
OoeeuMidlAke
Total owned or nm by Government..
Orand total
12.085
66,788
200
19,418
293,961
454
1,085
9,686
7,448
1.781
7J7
3,297.518 1,071
105,885 829
726.790 1.164
6,948 000
3,296,283 299
156.189
818.532
4,206
1,016
1,273
415
685,796 1,566
9.569
641,068
1«220
839,123 1,493
473,991 704
661,842 4.256
4.136,642 564
3,767,274 1,003
1,337,688
8S8
Medical atocee.
atone.
Total of aU kinds
of atone.
Ballroade
Ibn#.
58.784
14,280
1.924
170
7Vm«. £»#.
16.685 408
15,716 1,041
6,614,587 474
8teAm«boate, bargee, &c
1.856,124 1,379
HtACM ...
Wagona
Oomn and lake
6,064
1.089
^•ss
53 451
1.064 000
47,248 836
869,881 495
Total not owned or run by Government. .
80,219
818
88,468 1,900
7.890.286 1,184
RatlrMdn ..,,,,,
4.047
3,022
1.758
020
758
000
79,447 1,000
14,398 1,547
53 000
851638 1,921
Bteam-boata. barsee. &o
1, 699. 607 1, 043
Oooan end lake
14,248 415
Total owned or nm by Government
9.727
1.379
03.899 547
2,068,584 1,379
Grand total
89,946
1,097
127,868 447
9,468.871 563
UNION AUTHORITIES.
No. 60.
343
ReeapUulaiion of amounts paid for transportation during the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1S66.
Offloeraand i
men. I
Priaonen of
war.
CiTiUftsa.
Total.
RallnMida
16.965,247.66
1.061,876.05
88,355.88
10,680.92
168,633.50 1
6218,680.92
8.018.56
$300,489.44
1. 183. 66
885.07
82.00
718.00
$7 868,417.91
^Min-boatt, bftrgM, Scf. a
1,066,078.27
89 240.98
SU2M '. r...'
WacoBs
9.00
375.00
10.771.93
169, 721. 60
^VfMKo and Iftko ....
GrmMl total ,.,.-, -
8.304,793.88 1
216,063.48
203. 353. 17
8.734.280.54
Kind of tranaportatloD.
Freight.
Total.
I Bxpendltarea.
BaOnMda
Steam-boftta, bftrgea, &c.a
Bcagea
WafEOoa I 1,068,810.29
Ooaan and lake 9,113.606.68
$3, 423. 471. 60 I $3, 488, 471. 60 | $8, 377. 461. 67
7,808,857.11 i 7.008,857.11' 6,261,410.40
75.40! 76.40
1.068,810.89 ; 252,449.80
9.118.606.68 8,473.269.07
GnndtotAl i 21.809.881.03) 21,399,381.03 18,867,660.94
Grand total.
$19,169,841.19
15,159,845.76
69.816l88
1,816,682101
12,766,507.80
48.491,188.51
•The aoKnuBt paid for tranaportation on Weatem rivers, a« abatracted fh>m above report, la aa
followa:
Fori
$1,000,646.07
r paeawngwra
For freight 5,55i864.08
Korezpendltarea 6.238,866.07
12,792,706.07
The amonnt paid for tranaportation on ocean and lake doea not include Weatein rivera. Under the
headof expeDditurea are included all expenaea incurred in repairing, auppijing, and mnnlng rallroada
operated bj Qoremment; alao all ateam-boata, Sm., owned or chartarea oy Uoveniment.
No. 61.
IM qf officers of the Quartermaster^ s Department in charge of divisions. Quarter-
master-GeneraVs Office, during the fiscal year ending June SO, 1865,
Divialona.
Kamoa and rank.
Bemarka.
Firet
IBvt. Rrlg, Gep- Jamea A. Ekin aaniatant 4]nartem}aetf»r, IT- 8- Army. .,.,.,..
Second
Col. Alexander J. Perry, aaaiatant quartennaater, U. S! Army
Third
Foorth....
Fjft-b
Amy.
Acting.
Sixth
Seventh
Col. J. J. Dana, aaaiatant quartennaater, U.8.Anny
Col. B. C Card. aaaiatant anartermaater IT. 8. Armv........ .............
Do.
Eighth
Xfith
CoL Qeorge V. Rutherfoiip, aaaiatant quartermaater, volunteers
Col. B.C.t^ard. aaaiatant quartennaater, U.S. Army
No. 62.
List of officers who have been assigned as inspectors. Quartermaster's Department,
during the fiscal year ending June SO, 1866.
Col. Oilbert A. Pierce, assistant quartermaster, yolnnteers (ont of service);
Col. James F. Bnsling, assistant quartermaster, volunteers; Col. J. D. Cruttenden,
assistant quartermaster, volunteers; Col. J. C. Crane, assistant quartermaster,
volunteers: Col. J. D. Bingliam, assistant quartermaster, U. S. Ai-my; Col. R.
Brinkerhoff, assistant quartermaster, volunteers; Col. H. Biggs, assistant quarter-
maater, U. S. Army; Col. W. H. Owen, assistant quartermaster, volunteers.
844
COBBESPONDENCEy ETC.
No. 63.
IM of offleen who terved cu chief quartermagters of armies during thefUeal
ending June SO^ 1866,
Annies.
sand rank.
With
With SharidAii .
Tensi
Georgla!III"!II*!!
Annyorth«OhSo.
WithBatler
Brig.6«n.'Raftu IngaUs, qnartMnastar. U. S. Army,
brevet mAjoT'Ceneril, Volanteers.
BTt. Brig. Oeii.1.. C. Eaeton. qvartennaeter, U.S. Anny .
Col. A. J. HacluiT, Msietant qiurtennMter, Tdnnleers .
; Col. B. K. Batehekler, Mslstant qnartensMtar, U. 8.
Army, breret brigndier-jmnenJ. ▼oionteere.
. Bvt. lUJ. Gen. Bnfiu IngalU, qonrtennneter, U. S. Aid;
I Lient. Col. C. W. ToUee, aMUtant qnnrtem
nnteera.
Lieat. Col. Henry Page, aaaiataBt qoartennaater, Tolmi
^-
Col. C. O. SawtaOe, aaaietaat qnartertnaatar, U. S. Amy.
Col. J. T. Oonklin. aaeistant qnartermaater, Tolanteera . .
Col. J. B. Howard, aaaistant qoartenbaater, relnnteera. .
Col. H. M. Whittelaey, aaaiaiaDt qoarteraaster, volon-
teera.
Lieat. Gol. J. F. Boyd, aaaiataat quartennaater, volun-
teen.
Col. George 8. Dodge,' aaaistant
teen, Meret brigadiar-genefal.
Aeting:
AotiQg.
lAvt of officers who have acted aa chief ^[uartennastera of army eorpe during the
JUcal year ending June SO, 1866,
Corpa.
Kaanea and rank.
Bemarka.
Fixat...
8eQond..
Thlid...
Fourth .
Fifth.
Birth.
Seventh..
Bi^th.
VInih.
Tteth.
Lieut. Col. WiUiam Painter, aMilatant
quartermaster, U. 8. Volonteers.
BTt. Col. C. H. Tonpkina, assistant
qnartennaster, 17. 8. Army.
Lieot. Col. K. N. Batehelder, asaiataat
qnartermaster, volanteers.
Lieut. Ool. G. A. Shallenberger, aaaistant
qaartennsster, Tolonteera.
Lieut. Col. J. B. Howard, assistant qnar*
termaater, volnnteers.
Lieut. Col. H. C. Bansom, assistant quar-
termaster, U. 8. Army.
Lieut. CoL Hiram Hayes, assistant quar-
termaster, U. 8. Yolunteers.
Capt. Tbomas Palmer, assistant qnarter-
master, volanteers.
Ueat. Cot W. H. Owen, aasistant quar-
I termaster, Tolnuteera.
I Lieut CoL A. L. Thomaa, assistant quar-
tennaater, volanteen.
I Lient. Col. C. W. ToUes,assUtant quar-
termaster, volunteers.
I Lieut. Col. 8. H. Manning, assistant quar-
termaster, volunteers.
I Lieut. CoL B. O. Carr, assistant quarter-
I master, volunteers.
, Lieut. OoL C. A. Henry, assistant quar-
I termaster, volunteers.
Lieut Col. Alexander Bliss, assistant
quartennaater, U. 8. Amy, brevet col-
onel.
I Capt C. B. Tyler, aasistant quartermas-
j ter, volunteers.
Capt G. 8. Blodgett. assistant quarter.
I maater, U. 8. Army.
Lieut CoL L. H. Peiroe, assistant qnax^
termaster, U. 8. Anny.
LAent CoL C. B. Fuller, asatstant quar-
tennaater, volunteera.
Lieut CoL G. W..Bnidley, aasistant
Out of service.
Afterwsrd chief quartenDastar Army
of the Potomac.
AcUuff during abeenoei in AnrlL 1M6)
of Lieutenant-Coionel fiTayee on
board of examination.
Afterward inspector, Quartermaster's
Department
Out of service.
Dead.
Acting during absence of Lieutenant-
Colonel Bliss on board of examina-
tion:
Aeting tempoiaxily.
UNION AtTTHORITIBB.
345
No. «8. — List of officers toko have custed as chief quartemuuiers of army oorpe dur-
ing the fiscal year ending June SO, 186& — (Continued.
Corps.
Sl«Tenth ...
Twelfth ....
ThtriMBih .
Foorteeath.
Kamee and rank.
Fifteenth.
Sixteenth.
SeTenteenth —
Eighteexith
If ioeieenth
Twentieth
Twenty-flnt —
Twenty-Moond .
Twenty -third...
LJent. OoL W. O. Le Dno, Mei«tant qnnr-
termaster, Tolnnteera.
Lieat. Col. Charles Hopkins, assistant
quartermaster, volunteers.
Lient Col. A. N. Shipley, assistant qnar-
t«rinaBter. U.S. Army.
Lieat. Col. A. J. Maekay. assistant qnar-
termaster, volunteers.
Llent. Col. J. B. Memington, assistant
qaartei'master, volunteers.
Lieut. Col. 6. L. Fort, assistant quarter-
tiiaster. volunteers.
Lieut. Col. Silas Nigh, assistant quarter-
master, U. S. Army.
Capt. C. K. Drew, aasiatant qnartermas-
ter, v<rionteers.
Lieut. Col. E. M. Joel, assistant quarter-
maMter, volunteers.
Lieut. CoL J. B. Howard, assistent quar-
termaster, Tolnntseni.
Lieut. Col. J. O. Chandler, assistent
qoartermaster, U. 8. Army.
Lieut. CoL W. G. Le Dae. sssistant quar-
termaster, ToloDtsers.
Tw«nty*foartb .
Twenty-fifth .
Lient. Col. E. H. Greene, assistent qnar-
tennastar, volunteers.
Lieut. Col. J, F. Boyd, assistant quarter-
master, volnnteers.
Capt. J. B. Campbell, assistaot qoarter-
master, Tolanteers.
Lient. Col. J. B. Howard, assistant qnar-
termaster, volanteers.
Lleatk Col. A. B. Lawrsnoe, assistant
quartermaster, volunteers.
Lieut Col. H. B. Blood, assistant qnar-
termaster, volanteers.
Bemarks.
Aetiag.
Afterward chief quartermaster
Twenty-foorth Army C<irps.
Consolidated with the Fourth Army
Corps. No officer ever appointed.
Acting temporarily.
Afterward chief qoartermaster Army
ofiheJs
No. 64.
List of officers who served as chief quartermasters of departments during the
fiscal year ending June 30^ 1866,
Departmenta.
Kames and rank.
Remarks.
YsUey of the Mississippi.
Cumberland
East
Missoori
Padfie
Middle
WssUngtOD.
Korthem
Snsqoahaana .
Tligtiiia and North Carolina. .
Bvt Brig. Gen. B. Allen, qnarterroaater, U. S.
Army, brevet m%{or-aeneral, volanteers.
Bvt. Brig. Gen. J. L. Donaldson. Quartermaster,
U. 8. Array, brevet inaior-general, volanteers.
Bvt Brig. GhHi. 8. Van vliet, quartermaster, U. 8.
Army.
Capt wniiam Myers, sssistant qaartennaster,
U. 8. Army, colonel, side- de-camp, brevet briga-
dier-general.
Lieut. Col. E. B. Babbitt, deputy quartermaster-
genersl. U. S. Army.
Lieut Col. Alexander Bliss, assistantqaartermaa-
ter, U. 8. Army, brevet colonel, u. S. Army,
chief qoartefmaster Eighth Army Corps.
CoL E. M. Greene, sasistent qnartermsater, vol-
nnteers.
CoL J. A. Elison, sssistant quartermaster, volan.
teers.
CuA. M. L Lndington, assistant quartermastar,
volunteers.
CoL C. H. Hoyt assistant quartarmaster, volun-
teers, brevet brigadier general.
CoL J. G. Johnson, assistant quartermaster, vol-
CoL J. D. Bingham, sssistant quartermaster, bre-
vet oolonaL U. 8. Army, now Inspeotmr, Quar-
termaster's Department
CoL M. C. Qarber, assistant quartKmaster, vol-
nnteers.
CoL H. Bigga, aasiatant qoartarmaater, U. 8.
Army, brevet brlgadiargaaaral, Totuntaars.
Acting.
Oat of service.
Do.
346
COBBE8PONDENCB, ETC.
No. Hi.— List of officers who served as chief quartermasters of
the fiscal year ending June SO, i^65— Oontinui
'ments during
DepartmenU.
landittiik.
RMMVks.
VizflalA aacl Korth CaroUna
WMt Virginia
Sonth
Vlzfinla...
Onlf
Korthweat..
KewHexioo
North Curolina .
CoL B. C. Webater, aaaiatent qnartermaater, toI
nnteera.
Capt. J. O. Famawarth, aaaUtaat quartarmaalar,
▼olantaerB.
Capt. A. V. Barrlnger, aaalaUnt qnartermaater,
T<diiiit«en.
Capt. C. W. Thomaa, uaiataiit qaartermaitar.
brevet maior, U. 8. Army.
Col. W. L. Jaoiee, aaalatant qoartennaater, toI*
onteera.
Caut. S. B. Holabird, aaeiatant qQartanDaatar,
L . S. Army, colonel, aide^e-camp.
Haj. Frederick Myen. quartermaater, U. S.
4rkansaa..
Army, lieatenant-oolonel, alde-do-camp.
uol. J. C. HcFerran, quartermaster, U. 8. Army.
Col. O. 8. Dodge, aaafetant qnartennaater, volan-
teers.
CoL J. F. Boyd, aaalatant qoartennaater, ▼(4un.
I teers.
, Col. B. O. Carr, aaalatant qnartermaater, volnn-
CoL H. T. Koble, aaalatant qnartermaater, Tolnn-
teera.
Kentucky i CoL H. Rowland, aaalatant qnartermaater, volan-
teers.
Pennaylyanla Col. J . O. Johnaon, aaalatant qnartermaater, vol-
nnteera.
CoL George W. Bradley, aaalatant qnartermaater,
vdnnteera.
Dot of aervke.
Do.
Do.
No. G5.
lAst of principal depots, with the names of officers in charge during the fiscal
year ending June SO, 186S.
DepoU.
New York, N.T.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Waahlngton,D.C..
BaltinHwa»Hd
Chicago, HI
Fort Leavenworth. Kaus .
Detroit. Hlch
SatntLofala,Mo
Loniavllla,Ky...
Cincinnati, Ohio .
Colnmboa,Ohlo.
City Point. Ta..
New Orleana, L>a. .
Fort Monroe, Va..
Bvt. Brig. Gen. D. H. Vinton, deputy
quartermaater-general.
CoL A. J. Perrv, aaalatant qnarter-
maater. 17. S. Army.
CoL H. Blgm, aaalatant qnartermaa-
tertU. S. Army.
CoL W. W. MoSm, aaalatant qnarter-
maater, U. 8. Army.
Bvt. H^. Gen. D. IT Bneker, qnarter- I
maater, U. 8. Army, brevet m%)or-
general, volonteera.
Col. R. M. Newport, aaalatant qnarter-
maater, volonteera.
CoL J. A. Eliaon, aaalatant quarter-
maater, volunteers.
CoL J. A. Potter, aaalatant qnarter-
maater, U. 8. Army.
CoL G. W. Lee, aaalatant qnartermaa-
ter, viriuntears.
Capt William Myers, aaalatant qnar-
Usrmaater, U. 8. Army, colonel, aide-
de-camp.
Col. G. F. Clark, aaaUtant qnarter
master, volunteers.
CoL W. W. McKim, assistant qnarter-
maater, U. 8. Army.
CoL C. W. Monlton, aaalatant quarter-
master, U. 8. Army.
CoL Raymond Burr, asalstaat quarter-
master, volnntews.
Col. P. P. Pitkin, asaiatant quarter-
master, volunteers.
CoL G. W. Bradley, assistant quarter-
master, volunteers.
Capt C. K. Hark, aasistaut quarter-
master, volonteera.
Bvt MiO-W. L. Jamea, aaalatant quar-
termaater, volunteers.
Acting for a time.
At different datea.
Aaalgned.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Out of ttervico. Assigned.
Assigned.
UNION AUTHORITIES.
No. 66.
347
IM of officen gerving at depots other than principal depots during the fiscal
year ending June SO^ 1S66,
I of
AlexABdrla, Y* .
Bcattl*boroiifli.Yt ....
Covington, Ky
ChAttaaoonn, Tenn —
Cairo. HI
Coneord,N.H
Camp DeoaiaoD, Ohio. .
DnTenports Iowa
Giesborough, D. C ...
HanislMiTg, Pa . . . .
IndianapoUa, lad . .
Lexington, Ky
Hemphii, Tann
Mew HnT«n, Conn .
PitUlN]Tg.P*
Pof«l«Ml,Me
Bock Lslnnd, III
San Fnnoiaoo, Cal.
Qainoy.IU
.1 BTt. Lient CoL J. O. C. Lee, aaaiatant quaitar-
< mnater, U. 8. Anay.
., Capt. J. W. MoKim, aaaiatant quartermaater. vol*
( nnteera.
. Capt. F. O. Bawjrer, aaaiatant qoartermaator, vol*
I nnteera.
.; Capt. J. KWebater, aaaiatant qnartemuMtcr, vol-
I nnteera.
I Capt. W. R. Hopkina, aaaiatant qonrtemiaater,
I volnnteera.
. Capt. A. 0. Woolfolk, aaaiatant qnartermaater,
U. S. Army.
. ; Capt. A. Norton, aottng aaaiatant qoartf^rroaater
and ooinnilaiary of aobaiatence.
. ' Capt. Kalph Plumb, aaaiatant qoartormaater. vol.
nnteera.
. Capt. B. Coming, aaaiatant qnartermaater, volna*
teera.
Capt. L. L. Mooro, aaaiatant qnnrtennaater, volnn-
teera.
Capt. 0«orge T. Browning, aaaiatant quarter*
maater, volnnteera.
Capt. B. 0. Belohenbaoh. aaaiatant qnartermaater,
volnnteera.
Capt. Jamaa Wilaon, aaaiatant qnartermaater, vol-
nnteera.
Capt. J. B. Campbell, aaaiatant qnartermaater,
volnnteera.
Llent. CoL R. B. Clary, deputy qnartermaater*
general, U. 8. Army.
Oapt. D. D. Bullock, aaaiatant quartoTmaator, vol*
nnteera.
Liant CoL O. Croaa, deputy qnartermaater-gea*
eral, U. S. Army.
Capt. H. Inman, aaaiatant qnartermaater, U. 8.
Army.
Capt. J. J*. McDermid, aaaiatant qnartermaater,
volnnteera.
Mi|}. K. W. Kirkham, qu«rterma«ter, U. S. Army.
Capt Newton Flagg, aaaiatant quartermaaierf
volnnteera.
No. 67.
Names of officers of the Quartermaster's Dmirtment who have been specially
mentioned to the Quartermcuter-Ueneral for good service.
Rank.
lL8.M]Uer
J.CMcFerran .
J. D. Bingham . .
AuguatnaBoyd.
H.C.Hod«aa ....
J.A. Potter
C.H.Tompkina..
A.K.ShijDSey...
X.B.Ca^bg
P.J.Crilly
A. C. Woolfolk.
I*. AaPeix^oe .
J.O.CLeo..
jr. IL Moon..
X.aOziBMa.
ICiUor ..
do ..
Captain.
do .
.do.
.do.
Captain and brevet colonel .
Captain
Captain and brevet lieuten-
ant-colonel.
Captain
Captain and brevet oolonel .
Captain
.-..do
Captain and brevet lieuten-
ant-oolonel.
Captain
.....do
Colonel under act of Jnly 4, 1864.
Do.
Reaicnation accepted Oct 11, 1884. Special
Ordera, No. 341, Adjutant- Goueral'a 6fflce.
Colonel under act of July 4, 1884.
Lieutenant-colonel under act of July 17, 1882.
Do.
Lieutenant-colonel under act of July 17, 1862.
Do.
Appointed May 16, 1865.
848
C0BBE8P0NDENGE, ETC.
No. 67.— JVatnes of offlcera of the Quartermaster's Department who have been
specially mentioned to the Quartermaster-OenercU for good service—CanUnned.
YOLUMTSSBS.
Allen, £.8 Captaiii
Burr, Raymond do
Bradley, G.W do
Bailhaohe, W. H do
Brmkerhoff.R do
Brooka,Jamea do
Bowles, T.C do
Borr, A.G , do
Bowman, Henry do
BlIven,C.E do
Brownin£,G.T I do
Belober.J.H ' do
Bean,S.B do
Conklln,J.T Captain and brevet brigadier-
general.
Cnttenden,J.D Captain
Cochrane, \V. H. D j do
Chapman, B.D do
Cox, T.J 1 do
CarUlcT.J l do
Cnmmlng, Alex. M.
Cadwalader, G. B
Colbum, W. J
CrowelLJ.H
Cllley,JohnK
Chamberlain, H. S
Carrie. William
CampbelLJ obn B
Daniela,W.H
Del Veccbio, Jaroea B. . .
Dnnton,A.T
Brew.CE
Dexter.J.B
Elwell,J.J
Edwards, Arthur
£lwell,Jos.S
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
Captain and brevet m^for . . .
Captain
.....do
do
do
do
Captain and brevet colonel. .
Captain
do.
Fort,G.L
flagg, Kewton...
Famswortb, J. G . ,
Farusworth, H. J do
Forsyth, L. Cass do
Finney,C.G do
Furey, John V do
Captain and brevet m%)or. . .
Captain
Colondi under act of July 4, IMA.
I>a
Resigned. Resignation aooepted Jane 5, IMS.
Colonel nnder act of Joly 4, IMA.
M^for nnder act of July 4. IMA.
Appointed Oct 2A, IMA.
Appointed Oct. 1A,186A.
Major under act of July A, IMA.
Colonel under act of July A, IM^
Bo.
M»iw under act of July A, IMA.
Famum, £. J
Farr,E.P
Garber.M.C
Goodridge, M.H...
GoldicWiUiam....
Oleasou, James
Garvens, H
Gear, AlonsoS
Grierson, JohnC...
Hayes, Hiram
Hopkins, W.R
Hofden. William...
nibbard,G.B
Hamill,S.R
Hant,T.B
Hutchings, W. V . .
Howell, W.T
Jennings, John R.
Jones, J. E
Johnson, H.W
.do.
do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
Captain and bi'uvetmivior. .
Captain ,
do ,
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
do.
do.
-do.
Captain and brevet lieuten-
ant-colonel
Captain
...do
do
Kimball, A.S do
Kelly, John L do
Kerr, Thomas J do
Kirk.E.B ! do
Kelley, B. F...... do
Lawrence, A. B .
Lee. George W..
Lace^-.H.A
Mackay.A.J...
Morford,W.E..
McClung, D. W .
HorganrR.C...
Ketoalf,L.S....
.do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
Appointed Sept 19, IMA.
ICaJor under act of July A, IMA.
Appointed Feb. 2, IMS; appointment can-
celed June 0, IMS.
Lieutenant-colonel under act of July 17, 188S.
Appointed July 8, 186A.
M^Jor under act of July 4, 186A.
Appointed March 6. IMS.
Colonel under act of July A, IMA.
ICi^of under act of July 4. IMA.
Appointed Feb. 11. IMS.
Lioutenant-colonel under act of July 17, 1862.
Resignation accepted Hay 29, IMS.
Appointed June 1, 1866. Maklor under act of
July A, 180A.
Lieutenant-colonel under act of July 17, 1861
Colonel nnder act of July A, 1864.
Bo.
UNION AUTHORITIES.
349
No. Oil.— Names of officers of the Quartermaster's Department who have been
speeiaUy mentionedto the Quartermaster^Oeneral for good Mnnce^—Continaed.
Bank.
Mono, S. A
McKim,John W.
Manning, 8. H....
McDeraSd,J.J..
Newport, R.M....
Noble. H.T
Norton. G. A
Owfln.W.H
Captain
....do
Captain and brevet m^Jor . .
Captain
.... do ,
...do .-.,
.....do
.....do
.do.
Colonel, aida-decainp —
Captain
do
do
do
do ,
Captain and brevet maOor. . . <
Captain
.....do '
do '
do
Owen.B.B
Parsons. L.B
Plamb. Ralph
Plato. Nelson
Perkins, F.W....
P6Banet,B
Parker, O.L
Powers, Jos. T...
Parsons. Charles .
Parks. John
Poor.L.A
Pitkin.P.P
Bnsling, J.F do
BiuidlA,8.B do
Resti«aax, B. B. W do
Beichenbaeh, £. C do
Rutherford. John P do
Remington, J. B do
Rutberford, R. C { do
Royee,H. A i do
Stinson, Danial do
Staffer, Anson ' do
Sballenberger. O. A I do
Smith.CK I do
8fciibbs.Jos.D do
StaplM, Robert G \ do
Strang, R. J Captain and brevet colonel .
Su mmere, Moses | Captain
Smith, H.M do,
Tijche,J.H do.
Tollee,C. W do
Remarks.
Lieutenant-oolonel under act of Jul}' 17, 1862.
Colonel under act of July 4, 18U.
Do.
Colonel under act of July 4, 1«M. Honorably
mastered ootJane 19, 1806.
Brigadier-general of volunteers.
Major under act of July 4. 18M.
ResignaUon accepted July 5, UM.
7, 1864. Colonel
TDcker,A.M do
Tredwar.J.D do
VanVliet,L.8 do
VanNeee,W.W 1 do
Webster.R.C do
Wsgner.C.B do
Wing,C.T do
Webeter.G.P do
Wilson. E.C do
Welch,D.N do
Wilson, Jsmee I do
Wilson. Thomas P do
Winslow.G.C do
Wbitmaii,E.B do
Wooda,J.L do
Wright, Samael I do
Wainwrigbt, W. A do
Watson, Charles T .
Wickersfaam. M. B .
Walbrldge, C. E . . . .
Wills, AW
Wbittelsey,H.M...
.do.
.do.
Captain and brevet miOor .
do
Captain
Resignation scoepteil Kov.
under act of July 4, 1864.
Colonel under act of July 4, 1864.
Lientenant>colonel under act of July 17, 1862.
Appointed Deo. 20, 1864.
Appointed Marcb 11, 186ft.
Colonel and aide^e-camp.
Lieutenant-colonel under act of July 17, 1862.
Lieutenant-colonel under act of July 17, 1862.
Died Nov. 11 [8], 1864.
Appointed Nov. 12, 1864.
Colonel under act of July 4, 1864.
Appointed August 20, 18^.
Colonel under act of July 4, 1864.
360
COBBESPONDEKCE, ETC.
No. 68.
List of officers of the Quartermaster's Dej^rtment who have been pronioted {by
bret^et) forfaithftU and meritorioiu services during the war.
Kftmes.
BSOUIJiRS.
Rank.
Remarks.
Brevet nMjor-gen«ral
Brevet brigadMr-geiM'ml .
do
M.C.Meijzs
Charles Thomas
Thomas Swords
George H. Crosman i do
D.H. Vinton ' do ,
Robert Allen I do
J.L.Donaldson i do
L.C.£aston ' do
S.Van Vllet ' do
D.H.RDoker ; do ,
R. K. Batchelder Brevet colonel
S.B.HolabIrd
J.C.lfcFemn
J.J.Dana
C.W.Monlton
E.B. Babbitt
J.A. Putter
Benjamin C. Card
Judson D. Bingham
WUllam Myers
W.W.Mcilm I do
H.M.Enos do
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
.do.
Alexander Bliss
CG.Sawtelle
Alexander J. Perry . . .
Rnfus Saxton
R. O.Tyler
A.C.Ginem
Charles H. Tompkins.
George B. Dandy
James A.Ekin
Herman Biggs
C. W.Thomas
John G. Chandler
H. C.Hodges
L.H. Peirce
Alexander K. Shipley .
H. C.Ransom
W. L. Lothrop
E.B.Carling
J.G.CLee
A.aWoolfolk
F..T.Crilly
A.G.Robinson
G.S.BlodRett
James M. Moore
VOLUirrXBBB.
George V. Rutherford .
George D.Wise
H. M. Whittelsey
A.J.Mackay
J.P.Boyd
J.T.ConklJn
&L. Brown
George S. Dodge
C.H.7iovt
H.T.Noble
M. I. Ludington
J.F.Rusliiig
Raymond Burr
George W. Lee
J. D. Cnittenden
J.B. Howard
R. C.Webster
W. L. James
L.8.Metcalf
Charles T. Wine
J. G. Farasworth
G.W. Bradley
R. M.Newport
M.C.Garber
Henry Page
A.P.Blnnt
Arthur Edwards
Brevet lientenant-oolonel.
....do
....do
do
do
....do
....do
do
....do
Brevet mi^oi'
do
...do
do
....do
Brevet brigadier-general. .
do
...do
do
...do
— ..do
... do
....do
...do
Brevet colonel .
do
.do.
.do.
do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
do.
Brevet mi^or-generalof voluntseni.
Do.
Do.
Brevet brigaiUer-general of volun
teers.
Do.
Brevet nuuor-general of volunteers.
Do.
Do.
Brevet brigadier.genieral of volun
Do.
UMIOM AUTHOBITIES.
361
No. (SS.—List of officers of the Quarterviaater's Department who have heeii pvo-
mated (by brevet) for faithful and meritoriowt aerviccn during the tear— Cont'd.
Kamee.
Rank.
Remarks.
TOLUMTKEM.
C H Irvin .
Brevet colonel
John H. J aiu«8
do
H. L. RobiOBon
do
lofibam CoFT©ll •
Brevet lieutenant-colonel
do
G.L.Forl..*
G.A.Shalleuborger
E.lf.Joel
do
do
J.E.Iteminffton
A B Lnwronco
do
:::::do:::::::: ::::::::::::::
M.D Wlck«nhaiii
do
W H D Cochrane
do
E. S. Allen
do
Hirain Hayea
do
^^ilUamCiAldi^^ ,
do
A. T. Danton
do
&H.Mannine
do
H.B.BIood
do
G. B. Cadwalader
do
Gilbert E. Dunbar
do
S. J.Strang
do
do
W T Howell . . . . ..
do
Hanson Kaain
Brevet mi^or
E. C*. Reicheobach
do
E.B.Kirk
do
ThomaM B. Hunt
do
w M Kimball
do
GeorseW. Johnea
do
H. B. Lacey
do
BerOaniin Burton
C. B Wagner
do
do
Hen rv Ho viand ........
do
UC. Morgan
do
Tbon]aa«rCoz
do
J. F HaseJton
do
A Auatin
do
W.H.Daniela
do
ll.H Mandevtlle
do
G. W. Davia
do..
H.F. Gerriah
do
M.H.Alberger
C W Folwm
do
do
W.H. Brown
do
H.C King
do
F. Lyon
do
w H l-am^rt -
do
RP.Farr
do
H. C. Lawronce
do
C. B. Whittenioro . .<.
do
Harry Browuaou
do
B. C.Carter
do
H.M. Smith
do
J.B.Jonea
do
Alexander Conn ,.,...
do
Fred. Grain
do . ...
Cbarlo) O. Fiuuev
do.
J.D.Tredway...
... .do
CM. Sara peon
do
T.J.CarIlle7.
do
C K Smith
do
Jamea Gleaaoii
do
J.K.Ciliey
do
P.Uiestand
do
J. C.Mann
do
.*i It iwn .
.... do
O.O Potter
do
K. D. Cbapman
do
T.C. Bowlea
do. .
Newton Flagg
do
Daniel Stinaon
do .
E.M Camp
do
O.A.Flasft
do
Joeeph T. Powera
do
A.Webater
do
A. W. Wjlla
do
John R. Craig
do
C.E. WaJbridge
do
C.S. MrEntee.
.... do
Q.I.Drake
Brevet cantain
Lieutenant, 12th Illlnoi* Volun-
teera.
352
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
No. 69.*
RECAPITOLATION.
Reoei fmI from Jal v 1, 1861, to June 30, 1 865 28. 878
Bxaminecl and sent to TreMur j 16, 188
On band to be oxaminod 12,188
Honey
aoconntc.
Property
aooonnta.
108.063
84.112
68,861
Company
aoooonta.
44,861
12.668
82,008
Total.
176,403
63,350
118,143
The total number of Accoants received in each of the last four
fiscal years is as follows:
Year commencing July 1, 1861, and ending Jnne 80, 1862 7»094
Year commencing July 1 , 1862, and ending Jnne 80, 1868 29, 153
Year commencing July 1, 1868, and ending June 30, 1864 67,856
Year commencing July 1, 1864, and ending June 30, 1865 72,299
In order to bring up the arrears in the examination of these
accounts, I have the honor respectfully to recommend that there he
employed, temjwrarily, 150 clerks. If this additional force is author-
ized, an additional building for their accommodation will be required.
Very respectfully, Ac,
BENJ. C. CARD,
Colonel^ Qiiariermaster^s DepartmeTiiy in Charge of Division,
Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
Quariermaater-Oeneral U. 8. Army.
No. 70. t
No. 71. t
No. 72. §
No. 73.
General Orders, | Quartermaster-General's Office,
No. 24. f Washington, D. C, April 29, 1866.
I. In carrying out the provisions of General Orders, No. 77, from
the War Department, Adjutant-General's Office, dated 28th of April,
1865,1 so far as relates to the Quartermaster's Department, all char-
* Report of the Ninth Division, Quartermaster-General's Office, dated October
12, 1865, omitted, except the " Recapitulation." See Executive Document No. 1,
referred to in foot-note (*), p, 249.
t For General Orders, No. 35, Quartermaster-GJeneral's Office, August 29, 1864
(here omitted), publishing '* rules and regulations to govern the submission and
examination of claims to be presented to the Quartermaster-General and to the
Commissary-General of Subsistence, respectively," under the act of July 4, 1864,
see p. 475 of Executive Document No. 1, referred to in foot-note (*), p. 249.
IFor General Orders, No. 43, Quartermaster-Cteneral's Office, September 28,
1864 (here omitted), promulgating '* rules and regulations relating to the pur-
chase, procurement, and disposition of horses and mules for the Army," see p. 477
of Executive Document No. I, referred to in foot-note (*), p. 249.
§For General Orders, No. 276, War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
August 8, 1863 (here omitted) , see Vol. Ill, this series, p. 688.
I See Vol. rv, this series, p. 1280.
UNION AUTH0BITIE8. 858
tered steamers, both ocean and river, which, under the new military
situation, can be spared, will be discharged immediately.
II. Ocean steamers at distant ports will be loaded with the supplies
which are no longer needed at such ports and returned either to the
depots of New York or of Washington.
III. Troops iinder orders to return North will be transported in the
returning steamers or in the steamers which are the property of the
department.
IV. The chiefs of divisions of this oflBce and the chiefs of the prin-
cipal depots will immediately report to the Quartermaster-General
the extent of the reduction which they are able to make in the force
of laborers, operatives, clerks, and agents under their command.
V. It is understood that troops will be made available for most of
the work at the depots, and that thus very large reductions in the
roils of employ^ will be possible.
VI. All railroad construction and repairs, except those needed on
lines by which troox>8 are still supplied or by which troops may be
marching, will cease.
VII. Construction and extension of all barracks, hospitals, and
other buildings will cease, unless authorized upon special report,
which, in all cases of necessity, should be made immediately by
telegraph.
Vin. Property returns of all property on hand on the 30th of April
should be made up immediately and forwarded to this office, with
recommendations as to the dispositions to be made thereof, whether
to be stored or to be sold, and where to be stored or sold in each case.
IX. The efforts of all officers of this department will be directed
to the greatest possible reduction of expenditure consistent with the
efficiency and comfort of the troops now about to be withdrawn from
active operations in the field.
X. Attention of all officers of the Quartermaster's Department is
speciaUy called to paragraphs II and IX, of General Orders, No. 77,
which are herewith republished as follows:
n. That the Quartennaster-G^eneral discharge all ocean transports not required
to bring home troops in remote departments. AH river and inland transportation,
except that required for necessary supplies to troops in the field. Purchases of
horses, mtdes, wagons, and other land transportation will be stopped ; also pur-
chases of forage, except what is reauired for immediate consumption. All
purchases for railroad construction ana transportation will also be stopped.
IX. The chiefs of the respective bureaus will immediately cause property
returns to be made out of the public property in their charge, and a statement of
the property in each that may be sold upon aavertisement and public sale without
prejudice to the service.
M. C. MEIGS,
Quartermaster' Oeneraly Brevet Major- Oeneral,
No. 74.
General. Orders, ) Quartermaster-General's Office,
No. 25. J Washington, D. C, April 29, 1865.
The chief of the inspection division will direct the inspectors to
visit all depots and posts within their respective districts, and report
the reductions which may be i)ossible in expenditure, and make suoh
suggestions therefor as may seem to them necessary.
23 R Rr-SBRIES m, VOL V
354 ' CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Officers not on duty in the field or at important posts will also be
selected, to be placed temporarily on inspection duty, in order that
this inspection may be the more general and speedy.
M. C. MEIGS,
Quartermaster- General^ Brevet Major-O^neral.
No. 76.
General Orders, ) Quartermaster-General's Office,
No. 28. J Washington, D. C, May 8, 1806.
All horses and mules on hand in the Quartermaster's Department
not fit for immediate issue will be advertised and sold at public sale
as soon as the necessary public notice can be given.
Brevet Brigadier-General Ekin, chief of the First Division of the
Quartermaster-General's Office, will telegraph the necessary instruc-
tions to each depot of animals.
Sales should be commenced within one week and continued at
regular intervals until all unserviceable animals are disposed of.
They should be sold at the depots at which or near which they are
kept at the time the order is received.
M. C. MEIGS,
Quartermaster- General, Brevet Mc^or- General,
No. 76.
General Orders, ) Quartermaster-General's Office,
No. 42. f Washington, D. C, Jvly 16, 1866.
Large quantities of property belonging to the Quartermaster's
Department of the XJ. S. Army are now being sold by order of the
War Department. Special reports of such sales will be made and sent
to the Quartermaster-General at Washington.
These reports will state the kind gt articles sold and the amount
realized by said sale, according to the annexed form.
They will be forwarded to the Quartermaster-General's Office daily,
so long as the sales continue.
These reports are not intended to supersede the regular accounts of
the sales of public property to be sent with officers' accounts and
returns, as required by the Army Regulations, which must be sent as
heretofore.
The first reports after the receipt of this order will embrace all
sales made since the 1st of May last.
Sales should be made at auction by persons employed for that pur-
pose by the officers of this department or by cler^ already employed
who may be competent.
The compensation to be allowed to persons specially employed to
make such sales should be a reasonable daily or monthly sali^, not
a commission or percentage on the amount sold.
M. C. MEIGS,
Quartermaster- General, Brevet Major-GeneraL
Ahttract of wHes of public property made at ~
on the of , i^6— .
IJNIOK AUTHOBITIES.
FORM OP RKPOBT.
, under the direction of-
355
Bate of sale.
Description of propertj.
Amount. TotaL
1
Dollars.
Cts.
Dollars.
Cu.
BBOnULB 0UPPUS8.
Fn«l
FoHMTP and straw ......... t -.-.,. -
1
Matf^rial 'for 4i^ '..,.r', ,t r. ,
TBAHSPOBTATlOir OF THB ABUT.
Sbfna. Iniss. and otlier sail reaeels
Steamcnrs
Tf orMM Aiul niTilMi. Ar%tt
HamaaaofallkiiMla
Wajjons, carta, draya, ambulances, &o. ....... .......
nfCiDKirrAL bxpsrsw.
7ors£e8, horse and mnle shoes and naila, 4-4 r . ^ -> r t . r
1
Iron.'stoal. biaoksniths' tools. ^ '.
1
OaTalnr horses ^ r
i
1
^rtiUery horses
MnUa...
Clothing, and <*-f^Fpp and garrison eqaipage. ..........
Total amount
1 1 i
General Orders, \
No. 66. )
No. 77— A.
Quartermaster-General's Office,
Washington, D, C, September 28 , 1866,
The following order by the President of the United States, in
relation to the relinquishment of the Government's control over all
railroads in the State of Tennessee and their continnations in adjoin-
ing States, now occupied by the XJ. S. military authorities and no
longer needed for military purposes, is published for the information
of all officers and agents of the Quartermaster's Department.
M. C. MEIGS,
Brevet Major-Generaly J7. S, Army, Qiuirtermaster-General.
War Department,
Washington, August 8, 1866.
Maj. Gen. George H. Thohas,
Comdg, Military Division of the Tennessee, Nashville, Term,:
General: It having been determined by the Government to relin-
quish control over all railroads in the State of Tennessee and their
continuations in adjoining States that have been in charge of and
are now occupied by the U. S. military authorities and no longer
needed for military purposes, you are hereby authorized and directed
to turn over the same to the respective owners thereof at as early a
356 COBBESPONDENCE, ETC.
date as practicable, causing in all cases of transfer as aforesaid the
following regulations to be observed and carried out:
1. Each and every company will be required to reorganize and elect
a board of directors whose loyalty shall be established to your satis-
faction.
2. You will cause to be made out in triplicate, by such person or
persons as you may indicate, a complete inventory of the rolling-
stock, tools, and other materials and property on each road.
3. Separate inventories will be, in the same manner, made of the
rolling-stock and other property originally belonging to each of said
roads, and that furnished by and belonging to the Government.
4. Each company will be required to give bonds satisfactory to the
Grovemment that they will, in twelve months from the date of transfer
as aforesaid, or such other reasonable time as may be agreed upon,
pay a fair valuation for the Grovemment property turned over to said
companies, the same being first appraised by competent and disinter-
ested parties at a fair valuation, the United States reserving all
Government dues for carrying mails and other service performed by
each company until said obligations are paid ; and if at the maturity
of said debt the amount of Government dues retained as aforesaid
does not liquidate the same the balance is to be paid by the company
in money.
5. Tabular statements will be made of all expenditures by the
Government for repairing each road, with a full statemenf of receipts
from private freights, passage, and other sources; also a full statement
of all transportation performed on Government account, giving the
number of persons transported, and amount of freight, and the dis-
tance carried in each case; all of said rei)orts or tabular statements
to be made in triplicate, one each for the Secretary of War, the mili-
tary headquarters of the department, and the railroad company.
6. All railroads in Tennessee will be required to pay all arrearages
of interest due on the bonds issued by that State prior to the date of
its pretended secession from the Union, to aid in the construction of
said roads, before any dividends are declared or paid to the stock-
holders thereof.
7. Buildings erected for Government purposes on the line of rail-
roads, and not valuable or useful for the business of said companies,
should not form a legitimate charge against such companies; nor
should they be charged for rebuilding houses, bridges, or other struc-
tures which were destroyed by the Federal Army.
8. You are authorized to give any orders to quartermasters within
your division which you may deem necessary to carry into execution
this order.
By order of the President :
EDWIN M. STANTON,
Secretary of War.
No. 77— B.
General Orders, ) Quartermaster-General's Office,
No. 62. ) Washington, D. G., October 23, 1866.
The following order by the President of the United States, in rela-
tion to Executive order of 8th of August, 1865, extending the provisions
and benefits of the same to all railroads within the limits of the Mili-
tary Division of the Tennessee desiring to purchase railroad rolling-
stock and material from the United States for the purpose of rex>airing
UNION AUTHOBITIES. 857
the losses of the war, is published for the information of all officers
and agents of the Quartermaster's Department.
M. C. MEIGS,
Brevet Major- Oeneral, U, S, Army^ Quartermaster' Oerieral,
War Department,
WasUiigUm, D. C, October U, 1865.
Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas,
Comdg, Mil. Div. of the Tennessee, Hdqrs., NashvUle^ Tenn.:
General : The provisions and benefits of the Executive order of 8th
of August are hereby extended to all railroads within the limits of your
command desiring to purchase railroad rolling-stock and material
from the United States for the purpose of repairing the losses of the
war.
You are also authorized to direct the sale to any such railroads of
rolling-stock now within the limits of your command and not needed
by the United States for actual use, ui)on the following conditions, if
they are preferred to the terms of the order of 8th of August, and
the indi\ndual security required by you under that order.
You will take care that this property is distributed among the sev-
eral roads in proportion to their actual needs, and that none is sold
to any railroad in excess of the reasonable requirements of its business,
or to be used for purposes of speculation, sale, or hire to other roads.
You will require from all such railroad companies satisfactory
bonds, in the form herewith inclosed, binding them to the payment
to the United States of the full appraised value of the property sold
to them, in equal monthly installments, with interest at the rate of
7.3 per cent, per annum, within two years, credit being allowed to
them on the first of each month for any service of military trans-
portation rendered by them during the preceding month, at the estab-
lished rates now allowed to Northern railroads for such service.
Full reports of all sales under this order will be made to the War
Department from time to time, as required by existing orders.
The serviceable railroad iron in possession of the Quartermaster's
Department at Chattanooga and Nashville is excepted. It will be
sold only for cash at the prices fixed by the War Department.
By order of the President:
EDWIN M. STANTON,
Secretary of War,
BOND.
Ejiow all men by these presents, that the railroad companjr, dtQy incor-
porated by the act of the , of the State of , by , its president.
acting for and in behalf of said railroad company, do hereby acknowledge itself
and its successors held and firmly bomid unto the United States of America, in
the foU and just sum of dollars, lawful money of the United States, for
which payment, well and truly to be made to the disbursing quartermaster of
the Umted States Military Railroads, at his o£Bice in Nashville, or to such other
disbursing Quartermaster as may be designated by the War Department, within
two vears from the date of these presents, the said railroad company, by its
president, hereby binds itself and its successors firmly by these presents.
Sealed with its corporate seal, attested by the signature of its president, and
affixed by the express authority of its directors, this day of , in the year
of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty (186—).
The nature of the above obligation is such, that whereas the above-bounden
railroad company has purchased and received, or shall receive, from the War
Department of the United States, rolling-stock, iron rails, cross-ties, chairs, spikes,
timber, and other materials for repairing and operating its railroad, in quantities,
at prices, and to an amount and value which shall be evidenced by the receipts
given for the same by the said railroad company to the proper officer of the said
358 C0BBE8P0NDENGE, ETC.
War DeiMirtment, npon a credit of two years from the date of theee ivresentB,
I>ayable in equal monthly installments, with interest at the rate of 7 8-10 per
cent, per annnm, within the said two years, either in cash to the disbnrsmg
quartermaster of the United States Mihtary Railroads, at his office in Kash-
▼ille, or to such other disbursing quartermaster as may be designated for this
purpose by the War Department, or in transportation of the troops or military
supplies of the United States, under the orders of the proper military authorities,
at the rates of fare and tolls allowed for such service to iTorthem railroads ; ana
whereas, the said railroad company desires, and by these presents intends, to secure
to the United States the complete and punctual parent as aforesaid of the
amounts which may be due for the said materials received or to be received by it
from the United States :
Kow, therefore, if the said railroad company shall well and truly pay as afore-
said, either in cash, in ec^ual monthly installments, or in transportation as aforesaid,
to the United States, within two years from the date of these presents, sJl that
shall be due as aforesaid to the United States on account and in payment for all
the materials received as aforesaid from the United States, then this obligatiOD
shall be void and of no effect.
But if the said railroad company shall fail to pay to the United States all or
any portion of what may be due to the United States, on account of t^e said
materials received from the United States, within two-years from the date of these
presents, either in cash as aforesaid, or in transportation as aforesaid, or shall fall
to nay any of the monthly installments aforesaid punctually when due, then this
obligation shall remain in full force and effect to the extent that may be necessary
to fully repav to the United States for the full amount which may be due on
account of the said materials so received as aforesaid, and all loss or damage
which may have been incurred by the United States bv reason of the said railroad
company's failure to pay for the same, what shall be due therefor, when the same
shall be due.
And as a further security for such i>ayment and indemnity to the United States,
the United States shall have a lien uix>n the property sold to said company; and
in default of such complete and punctual payment of all monejrs which may be
due on accotmt of the aforesaid purchase of materials, be fully authorized to take
possession of and sell said property, and also to place in charge and control of the
said comi>any's railroad an agent of the said United States, who shall be fully
empoweim, and by these presents is fully empowered, in case of such default as
aforesaid, to collect all the revenues of the said company, and apply the same to
the payment to the United States of all the moneys which shau l>e due at the
times of such application of such revenues to the United States for any such
materials which snail have been delivered -by the United States to the said rail-
road company, or by reason of anv loss or injury to the United States resulting
from such default in i>ayment of the same. And the said company shall have no
authority to sell or convey out of its possession, without the consent of the United
States, first in writing obtained, any of the property referred to in this agreement,
but shall hold and retain the same to the exclusive use of said company, in carrying
on the business of transportation of persons and property over its line of road,
until the whole is fully paid for as af oreisaid.
In witness whereof the corporate seal of said railroad company is affixed hereto,
by authority of its directors, and attested by its president.
Witness:
NoTE.—The amount of this bond to be double the valuation of the property
sold and delivered. Internal revenue stamps should be affixed to the amount of
fifty cents for every thousand dollars.
No. 78.
Annual report of CciL. Anson Stager, chief U. 8. Military TelegrapJtSy
for the fiscal year ending June SO, 1866,*
Cleveland, Ohio, September 16^ 1866,
Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
Quartermaster' General U, S. Army, Washington, 2>. C;
General: In obedience to General Orders, No. 39, Quartermaster-
General's Department, Washington, D. C, Jnly 1, 1866, I have the
* Another report, containing substantially the same information, was addressed
to the Secretary of War September 15, 1865.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 359
honor to submit my annual report of the operations and condition of
U. S. Military Telegraphs for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, Am.
I have the honor to hand you also herewith the reports of such of
the officers serving under me as have been received up to this time.
That of Capt. J. C. Van Duzer, marked A; Capt. R. C. Clowry, B;
Capt. W. G. Fuller, C; Capt. W. L. Gross, D; Capt. J. R. Gilmore,
E; Capt. S. G. Lynch, F. The report of Maj. Thomas T. Eckert has
not yet reached me. * My annual report for 1864 was forwarded to your
department in the latter part of October, 1864, accompanied by the
reports of the several officers acting as assistant superintendents
and assistant quartermasters, attacheid to this branch of the public
service.
It has been my duty during the past year to act as chief officer of
U. S. Military Telegraphs, having a general superintendence over all
the lines, providing the necessary funds, and supervising the pur-
chase of material required for the operation and construction of the
same. I have been very ably and energetically assisted in the dis-
charge of my duties as general superintendent of U. S. Military Tele-
graphs by the several officers acting as assistant superintendents in
the various military departments, and I desire to accord to them the
greater portion of whatever merit attaches to this branch of the public
service. I have the honor to call attention to the reports of those
officers, herewith transmitted, and to ask the consideration of the
department to the merits of the officers respectively.
The demands of the proper military authorities for telegraphic com-
munication have always been promptly answered, and, I believe, fully
satisfied. The military telegraph, under the immediate charge of the
several assistant superintendents thereof, has kept company with
our armies wherever they have gone and upon all important expedi-
tions, and it is a well-establish^ fact that the mobility of the Army
has been greatly accelerated by its usefulness and assistance.
The military telegraph has been an invaluable assistant in the con-
struction and operation of the various military railroads. Trains
have been run and many of the roads operated almost exclusively by
telegraph. The military railroads and the military telegraph have
been great auxiliaries to the gigantic and successful efforts of the
Government in suppressing the rebellion.
The military telegraph has operated frequently in the field in con-
junction with the Signal Corps, and has rendered efficient aid in this
respect by diffusing information from advanced signal stations simul-
taneously to the headquarters of the commanding general and the
different corps headquarters. The military telegraph could be made
the means of establishing the Signal Corps of the Army for active
operations upon a much more useful basis than heretofore. The tele-
graph dei)ends not upon the atmosphere nor the weather, but flashes
its thoughts alike unheeded, through storm or sunshine, darkness or
light. I am, however, of the opinion that the field telegraph, which
we have operated independently, as well as in connection with the
Signal Corps, could be so perfected and operated as to completely and
advantageously supplant the use of a signal corps for military oper-
ations.
In May, 1865, it was decided by the War Department that all com-
mercial telegraph lines throughout the Southern States, lately in
armed resistance to the U. S. authorities, should be supervised and
controlled by the officers of the U. S. Military Telegraph, subject to
*Btit see Series I, Vol. LI, Part I, p. 261.
360 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
specified conditionB favorable to the different telegraph companies,
which privileges, however, were to be ignored under certain circum-
stances. Previous to cessation of hostilities these lines had been
operated to a great extent by the rebel authorities, making it neces-
sary, therefore, on account of the morale of the former employes and
the peculiar i)ower of the telegraph for public good or evil, for the
Government to exercise its prerogative in regard to the operations of
the lines referred to. Under the present arrangement the telegraph
companies are called upon to repair their lines and put them in good
working order, furnishing all labor and material therefor, the United
States to be at no outlay beyond the expense of maintaining purely
military lines and military stations. An account is to be kept of all
Government business passing over the lines. The account, however,
is not assumed as an indebtedness by the Government, but is left
open for future consideration or settlement.
The amount of supplies which will be required for future ox>eration8
of the military telegraph, so far as I am at present informed, will be
such as is necessary only for maintaining the lines at present in use.
It is supposed that the Grovemment will require no more lines con-
structed, unless, perhaps, in Texas, or upon the Western frontier.
The amount of money expended during the year ending June 30,
1865, for the purchase of material and supplies required for the U. S.
Military Telegraph was about $300,000. One hundred and thirty
thousand dollars of this amount, however, was for the purchase of 285
miles of English submarine cable, the greater x)ortion of which is still
on hand. Probably not more than from $1,000 to $1,500 per month
will hereafter be required for the purchase of necessary material and
supplies.
So long as the military telegraph lines in present use are needed by
the Government it will require about $75,000 per month to supply,
maintain, and operate the same. As the usefulness of some of these
telegraph lines to Government shall cease from time to time, and the
lines are taken down or otherwise' disposed of, the expenditures for
maintaining the U. S. Military Telegraph will be pi*oportionately
reduced. A considerable revenue to Government will probably be
derived from the sale of the material now on hand so soon as the same
shall be of no further use to the Government. Such of the lines as
may be located most advantageously for commercial purposes can
undoubtedly be disposed of to the owners of the ** telegraph right of
patent " within the territoiy through which the lines pass and at a
reasonable consideration. The less import-ant lines can be taken
down and the material sold.
The number of miles of land and submarine U. S. Military Tele-
graph lines in operation July 1, 1864, was, after deducting error in
former report, as follows:
Land.
Jnlyl.lSW
Coiiiitmct«d during the year
In oiNTRtioD within the v«ar
Taken down or abandoned during the year .
In operation June 30. 1805
JfilM.
8, 2404
Snbma* Aggre-
rine. I gate.
52i
08}
8,2Uli| 1214 8,8234
2,0«» I 40l
6.228
e. 1521; 75i
UNION AUTHOBITIEft.
361
The 3,315^ miles of line constructed during the year were built
under the supervision of the following officera and within the depart-
ments specified, viz:
Maj. Thomas T. Eckert, assistant quartermaster, Department of the
Potomac 1,217|
Capt. J. R. Gilmore, assistant quartermaster JDepartment of the South 86^
Capt. W. G. Fuller, assistant quartermaster. Department of the Gulf 228i
Capt. J . C. Van Duzer, assistant quartermaster, Departments of Kentucky,
Tennessee, and Mississippi 1,476
Capt. R. C. Clowry, assistant quartermaster. Departments of Missouri, Kan-
sas, and Arkansas 807
Total 3,815i
The linas in operation June 30, 1865, were under charge of the fol-
lowing officei's, and located as mentioned, viz:
Location.
Nameofoffloer.
Land.
Subma-
nna.
Departmeot of the Potomao
Department of the South
Department of the Gulf
Department of West Vlr^^nla . .
DepartmentA of Kentuck v, Tenn
Departmenti of MIsaonri. Kanaa
Be.andMiaslaaippl
ad Arkanaaa
M^. Tbomaa T. Eukert. .
Capt. J. B. GUiDore
Capt W. G. FoUer
Capt. a 6. Lynch
Capt J. C. Van Onier . . . .
Capt B.C. Clowry
MiUi. MiUt.
\,8Ui 634
140 I 13l
66 I 5
1,703
it
ToUl.
6.1fBi
-jys-
J3
It is estimated that from the commencement of the rebellion up to
June 30, 1865, there has been constructed and operated about 15,000
miles of U. S. military telegraph — land, submarine, and field lines.
From May 1, 1861, up to December 31, 1862, $22,000 per month
sufficed to construct and maintain U. S. military telegraphs. For the
year 1863 about $38,500 per month was required for the same purpose.
During the year 1864 the military telegraph was greatly extended
and i-equired about $93,500 per month. From May 1, 1861, to June
30, 1805, $2,655,500 has been received by me from the \J, S. Treasury,
and disbursed or transferred by me for the construction, maintenance,
and operation of U. S. military telegraphs.
Herewith please find statement of public moneys received during
the year, and Form A, embracing all the articles of property received
by me during the same period. I have no occasion to use Forms B, C,
CC, D, E, F, nor G.
I have the honor to be, general, ver}' respectfully, your obedient
servant,
ANSON STAGER,
Colonel and Chief U. S. Military Telegraph,
Statement of public moneps in poBsession of Col. A. Stager, assistant quartermas-
ter, chief Of U. S. Military Telegraphs^ during the fiscal year ending June SO^
18S6,
On hand July 1,1864 $1,360,000.00
Received from Treasury Department during the year
Total received $1,860,000.00
Expended duringthe year 149,904.72
Transferred to officers during the year 1 , 210, 695. 28
Remaining on hand JunedO, 1865
Totel 1,860,000.00
362
CORRESPONDBNCE, ETC.
Statement of quartermaater'a property received bv Col, A, SUiger^ thief quarter-
master tl, S. Military Tdegraphs'for the fiscal year ending June SO, 1S66,
English snbmarine cable purchased dnring the year ending Jnne 30, 1865, 884
miles and 1,070 yards.
English submarine cable transferred during the year ending Jnne 90, 1885, 284
miles and 1,070 yards.
A.*
No. 79.
Annual report of Mqj, Thomas T, Eckert, assistant quartermaster and
assistant superintendent U, 8. Military Telegraph, for the fiscal year
ending June SO, 1865, \
Statement of public nwneys received and disbursed during the year ending June SO,
1866, by Maj. Thomas T. Eckert, assistant quartermaster, Washington, D, C.
On hand July 1, 1864 $8,806.82
Received from officers during the year 226, 000.00
Total 281,806.88
Expended during the year 185, 085. 04
Transferred to other officers during the year 24, 52}. OS
Remaining on hand June 80, 1865 21,745.70
Total 231,806.82
The balance on hand is deposited in the U. S. Treasury.
Statements embraced in Forms C, CC, D, E, F, and G do not " come under the
scope of my duties."
Statement of U. S. military telegraph lines in operation July 1, IS64, and con-
structed and taken doum during the year enainp June SO, 1866, by direction
of Thomas T. Eckert, major ana assistant superintendent.
Between what point*.
In operation July 1, 1864.
Wimtaington depot and Alexandria
Washington depot and Hnrper's Ferry via Point of Rocks .
Washington depot nud Fot t Coroorau, six wires
Waitbington City wire«. 8, 2i, 2, 4
Washington City and Point Lookout, Md
Georgetown Aoneduct nnd Tennallytown, two wires
Georgetown Aqnediictttud nster station, six wires
Alexandria City wires, 4,2, 3
Alexandria ana ManasMOs J unction via Court- House
Alexandria and Fort Corcoran, twowires
Fort Corcoran and SeraiuMry
Wilmington, IX>1., ond Cherrystone Point, Va
Crossing streams on Eastern Shore line (cable)
Cherrvstonu Point nnd JIack Creek Light- House (cable) ...
Back Creek LiglitUouse and Fort Monroe
Fort Monroo and Turktown
York town and Fort M agmd er
Fort Magruder and Jamestown Iiilsnd
Jamestown Island and Swan's Point (cable)
Swan's Point and Fort Powhatan
Fort Powhatan and Bermuda H undred
Loop at City Point
1^
75 ',
15 I
100 I
H I
I!
32 '
9 !
158 i
^'
7
27
12
10 ,
2|
25
23
4
u
9
t
MiUa.
10
2i
t
JTUm.
•
75
15
164
100
8
3
0
32
14
7
158
^'
7
27
12
JfilM.
9
75
15
»•*
100
s
8
9
82
14
7
168
I
s
i
MOm.
li'
♦For Van Duzor's report (here omitted), see Series I, VoL LII, Part I, p. fSH.
t Here omitted, but ae Series I, VoL LI, Part I, p. 361.
mnON AUTHORITIES.
363
StaUmewt of U. 8, mUUary telegraph lines in operation July i, 1864, and eon-
atrueted and taken doum during the year ending June SO, 1865, <fire. --Cont'd.
Between whal poiato.
•3
I
Jn optruUot^ Juiy i, 1864—ConUav»d.
City Point and beedquaitetsKinth Army Gorpe
Former beedqoertere of General OiUmore to oeedqnarters
ofGeoenlFoeter.
Loop «t Newport Newe
Newport News and SeweU't Point (eable) ,
8eweU*a Point and Portsmooth
PertamoDtli and Soffolk
WUnington end MIddletown. Del
Port Tobaooo and Maryland Point
BeMifort and Batcbelder'e Creek, K.C
OontirmeUd dwing (JU JUeal ytmr 186$,
PifUn Station and City Point
Jameotown Island and Fort Powbatan (cable)
Field line In Army of tbe Potomac
Pitkin Station and General Warren'a beadqnarteie
Acroea Appomattox River (cable) ,
Cedar Le^el and beadquarters Army of tbe Potomac
Deep Bottom and New Market road
Alexaadria and Catlett's Stotion
Minaeaaa Junction and Piedmont «..:
Warren Station and Patrick SUtion
Headqnartere Army of tbe Jamea and Fort Harrison
Harper's Ferry and Wincbester
Wtoebester and General Sberidan's headquarters
Field wire in ArmT of tbe Potomac
Pitkin Ctation andPeterobnrK, twowiree
Jones* Landing and beadqaarters Army of the James
Berlin, Md., ami LoTettsville. Va
Wairen Station and beadqaarters Seoond Army Corps
Field wirein Army of tbe Potomac
Patrick SUtion and Peteraborg
Field wire In Army of the Potomac
Wilmington, N. C, and Fort Fisher
Wilmington, K. C, and Nine-Mile SUUon
Batcbelder's Creek and Kinston. N. C
Petersbarg and Wddon
Kichmondand Petersbnrg
Manchester and Petersbnrg (railroad wire)
Kinston and Greensboroogh, N.C
Gddsboroogb and Northeaat SUtion
Bichmond and Waahington Tla Fredericksburg
Richmond and Danville
Bichmond and Bnrkevllle
War Department and Soldien' Home
Alexandria and Richmond
Richmond and WiUiamsburg
WiUiamsbnrg and Fort Magmder
Total
12
8i
9
4
11
17
25|
28
42
8
22
20
10
H»
10
39
25
5
4
31
4
8
10
11
10
6
40
22
9
24
85
22
22
180
75
190
140
56
5
120
60
1
MUu.
MUm.
4
H
9
4
11
17
25|
28
42
MU§»,
4
MOm.
10
1.954}
10
0
24
05
22
22
180
75
180
140
55
5
120
00
1
11
17
I?
42
10
Si
22
9
24
65
22
22
180
75
130
140
55
5
120
60
1
225| 1.729i 1,700|
B—No. 80.
Report of Capt R, C. Clonrry, assistant quartermaster^ for the fiscal
year ending June 30^ 1865.
TJ. S. Mil. Telegraph, Asst. Quartermaster's Office,
Saint LouiSy Mo,^ July 31^ 1866.
Col. Anson Stager,
Assistant Quartermastar^ Chief U. 8. Military Telegraph:
Colonel: I have the honor to transmit herewith my annual report
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, comprising—
A statement of public money received, expended, and transferred.
364 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
A statement of quartermaster's property on hand, received from
of&eers, purchased, manufactured, captured, taken up, &c., issued
and transferred, sold, died, lost, expended, &c.
A statement of clothing, camp and garrison equipage, ditto, ditto.
A statement of the number of miles of land and submarine tele-
graph line constructed, repaired, abandoned, <fec., and a statement of
the number of telegrams transmitted over said line.
Since my last annual report I have been on duty as assistant quar-
termaster and assistant superintendent U. S. Military Telegraph from
June 30, 1864, to September 30, 1864, in charge of lines in Department
of Arkansas, and from October 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865, in charge of
lines in Departments of Missouri, Kansas, and Arkansas, as per your
orders.
My monthly and annual "line and cable reports" give a detailed
statement of the number of miles of line constructed, repaired,
abandoned, &c.
Although the lines under my control for the last nine months of the
year ending June 30, 1865, embrace a large territory, we have managed
to keep them almost constantly in operation, day and night, to the full
satisfaction of all of&cers from the division to the x>ost commanders.
As the country became more settled and peaceable I gradually
reduced my expenses, and, although I have always had sufficient force
for emergencies, I have rarely permitted a man to be idle a single day.
Since I have had charge of the lines in Missouri, Kansas, and
Arkansas (1,702 miles) I have operated, constructed, and repaired
them at about an average cost of $15,000 per month, and I am weekly
reducing expenses without detriment to the service.
When it is taken into consideration that these lines are all single —
that is, one wire on one set of poles (which requires twice as many
operators and repaii'crs as double wires) — and that the country has
been full of thieving, wire-cutting guerrillas, while U. S. troops have
been "few and far between," I think that my expense account will
compare favorably with any other telegraphic department in the
United States.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. C. CLOWRY,
Capt, A. Q. M.y and Asst Suvt U. S, Military Telegraphs^
Missouri^ Kansas, ana Arkansas,
Statement of public moneys received, transferred, and expended during the fiscal
year ending June SO, 1866, by Copt, R, C, Clowry, assistant quartermaster and
assistant superintendent U. S, military Telegraphs, D^Mrtnients of Missouri,
Kansas, ana Arkansas.
On hand July 1,1864 S4,»84.40
Received from officers during the year 135, 986. 72
Received from sales of clothing 123.56
Received for transmission of private telegrams in Department of 3,809.50
Arkansas.
Total 144,904.18
Expended during the year 130,929.06
Transferred to other officers daring the year 856. 22
Remaining on hand Jnne 80, 1865 13,118.90
Total 144,904.18
The balance on hand is deposited in my safe at Little Rock, Ark.
I certify that the above statement is correct.
R. C. CLOWRY,
Captain and A. Q, M., Asst, Superintendent U, S, Military Telegraphs.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 365
A.Stai€ment of guartemuuters' property for the fieccU year ending June SO,
1865^ bv Capt. It, C. dowry, asuistant quartermcuter and asHstant superin-
tendent U. S. Military Telegraphe,*
B.—Statemewt of dothing and oamp and garrison equipage for the fiscal year
ending June SO, 1866, by Capt. R, U. CUnmry, casistani quartermaster and assist-
ant superintendent U, 8, Military Telegraphs,*
Statement of the number of mUes of land and submarine telegraph line con-
structed %n the DetHxriments of Missouri, Kansas, and Arkansas, during the
fiscal year ending June SO, 1866, by Capt, R. C. Clowry, assistant quartermaster
arui oMistant superintendent U. 8. Military Telegraphs,
VUm.
Lineeinoperationjtily 1,1864 211
lanes receiyed daring the year 1,820
Lines constructed and repured during the year 290
Total 1,821
Deduct lines abandoned daring the year 119
1,702
Lines in operation Jane 80, 1805 :
From Saint Loais, Mo., to Fort Smith, Aik 408
From Saint Loois, Mo. , to New Madrid, Mo 207
From Bloomfield, Mo. , to Cape Girardeaa, Mo 45
FromPilotKnob, Mo., to Patterson, Mo 28
From Saint Loois, Mo., to Macon, Mo 188
From Jefferson City, Mo., to Syracuse, Mo 48
From Allen via Boonville and Weston to Saint Joseph, Mo 296
From Fort Leavenworth, Kans., to Fort Scott, Kans 120
FromSaint Louis, Mo., to City Lines, Mo 10
From Little Rock, Ark., to mouth of White River, Ark 152
From Little Rock, Ark., to Pine Bluff, Ark 45
From Little Rock, Ark., to Fort Smith, Ark 185
Total 1,702
Cable on hand June 30, 1864 li
Cable received during the year ending June 80, 1865 1
Cable laid and recovered during the year ending June 80, 1865
Total 2i
Cable lost during the year ending June 80, 1864, to be deducted ^
Cable in operation June 80, 1865 If
Cables in operation June 80, 1865 :
From Ferry Landing, Mo., to Saint Charles, Mo 1
From Boonville, Mo., to opposite shore, Missouri River f
Total If
R. C. CLOWRY,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster,
No. 81.
Second armuol report of Capt, W. O. FiUler, assistant quarter-
master of volunteers.
New Orleans, La., Jvly 25, 1865,
The close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1864, found me in
charge of military telegraph lines in the Department of the Tennes-
see, with headquarters at Memphis, Tenn.
♦Omitted.
366 COBRESPONDENCE, ETC.
July 20, 1864, I received orders from Col. Anson Stager, chief of
Military Telegraphs, to proceed to New Orleans, La., and relieve Capt.
C. S. Bulkley, assistant quartermaster and assistant superintendent
of Military Telegraphs, in the Military Division of West Mississippi.
After transferring the portions of lines under my charge lying in the
District of Cairo to Capt. S. Bruch, of Louisville, Ky., and three days
at home on leave, I proceeded to New Orleans, ani received the trans-
fer from Captain Bulkley on the 1st day of August, 1864. During the
month of August, 1864, by order of Major-General Washburn, a line
of telegraph was constructed from Grand Junction, Tenn., to Abbe-
ville, Miss., forty-five miles; about half of the poles of an old Ime
were used, and all new wire.
September 5 received an order from Major-General Canby to lay a
submarine cable between Forts Morgan and Gaines, Mobile Bay.
September 8 left New Orleans in person with the cable. September
11 succeeded in laying the cable between Forts Morgan and Gaines,
using 23,530 feet of No. 9 iron wire cable, galvanized armor. During
the month of September General Washburn's forces fell back from
Abbeville, Miss., toward Memphis, abandoning the lines from Abbe-
ville to Grand Junction, and from Saulsbury, Tenn., to White's Sta-
tion, Tenn. Ninety-seven miles of wire was lost, it being operat<ed
until the last moment, and Forrest's forces advancing as fast as Gen-
eral Washburn's fell back.
In October, 1864, constructed a line from Fort Morgan, Ala., to
Pilot Town, Ala., four miles. The submarine cable across Pass Chef
Menteur, at Fort Macomb, La., failed and could not be resuscitated.
A new cable 800 feet long was laid.
In November, 1864, constructed a line from headquarters, Memphis,
Tenn., to outpost stations, five miles; repaired the New Orleans and
Fort Pike line, putting up a large number of new poles, and aban-
doned the line from White's Station to Memphis, Tenn. ; also received
orders from Major-General Canby to survey a route for a tel^raph
line from New Orleans to Ship Island, and thence to Forts Gaines
and Morgan, Mobile Bay; made the survey in x)erson on tug Blossom.
December 6, 1864, made report to Greneral Canby that the route for
a line from New Orleans to Ship Island and Fort Morgan could be
made available for temporary purposes, but was too difficult a route
for a permanent line; that it would require eleven submarine cross-
ings between New Orleans and Ship Island, over twenty-three miles
in length in all.
December 9 received orders from General Canby to proceed with
the construction of the line from New Orleans to Ship Island. Con-
structed a loop in Baton Rouge line to Plaquemine, La., ten miles
long, and laid 150 feet of cable across Taliaferro Canal, on Balize line.
December 15 received twenty miles of "Red Sea" submarine cable,
but was unable to pass a current through it. After testing it in about
a dozen places the imperfect spot was discovered. No sign of imper-
fection could be seen in the armor wires, but the conductor was parted
at least two inches and the gutta-percha covering whittled. But
very little progress was made upon the Ship Island line during Decem-
ber for want of water transportation.
In January, 1865, reconstructed the line from Memphis, Tenn., to
CoUierville, Tenn., twenty-four miles, and abandoned it again after
a few days' operations, by order of General Washburn.
January 7 the cable between Forts Morgan and Gaines was broken
by a bark dragging her anchora over it in a gale.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 367
Jannaiy 18, repaired the cable in x)erson. Constructed line from
Fort Macomb to Cat Island, forty-five miles. This line was built
across marshes which overflow at high tide, and poles had to be rafted
along the shore, water being too shallow for steamers. A very'diffi-
cult line to construct.
In February » 1865, transferred the Memphis, Tenn., and outpost
lines to Capt. S. Bruch, assistant quartermaster, Louisville, Ky. ; com-
pleted the land portion of line from Ship Island across Horn Island,
Petit Bois Island, Hurricane Island, and Dauphin Island, to Fort
Gaines, forty-five miles, and laid the following submarine cables:
Across Lake Borgne, nine miles in length; across Bayous Catharine,
Biloxi, Little Cable, Dixon, False Bay, Nine-Mile Bayou, Boudreau,
Three-Mile Bayou, Lagoon Jones, Grand Pass, Blind Bay, Johnson's,
Dead Man's Bayou, and the pass between Isle du Pied and Cat Island,
four miles and a half in length, and between Cat and Ship Islands,
six miles and a half; total, 23 miles 1,540 feet. The cable used was
"Red Sea" cable for the long crossings, and cable prepared from old
core at New Orleans, armored with worthless wire taken down from
abandoned lines.
In March, 1865, extended line from Navy Cove, Mobile Bay, to Fish
River, thirty-five miles, which was soon after abandoned, and a field
line constructed between each headquarters, surrounding Spanish
Fort and Fort Blakely, fifteen miles. These lines were run with the
pack-mule train, and did valuable service. Constructed a line from
New Orleans to tlickox Landing, eight miles, and laid submarine
cables from Ship Island to Horn Island, twelve miles, and from Horn
Island to Petit Bois Island, four miles. This exhausted all the sub-
marine cable on hand that could be made available. ^ The laying of
these cables was very much delayed by hard and continuous south-
easterly gales, and the "Red Sea" cable proved too frail for the
strong currents and quicksands of these island passes. In "dead"
water, across Lake Borgne, it worked perfectly; and when first laid
across the island passes it worked clear and fine, but the "three-day
storms," such as frequent this coast, destroyed the cable ends with
each recurrence in spite of all the wrappings and preventives that
could be placed upon them with the means at hand. I risked the
lives of myself and men several times in the surf in endeavoring to
keep the cables in working order and make them perform the designed
mission. I have the consciousness that everything was done that
promised success to accomplish the work of keeping New Orleans and
the army advancing up Mobile Bay in telegraphic communication,
but the frail nature of the armor wires covering the "Red Sea" cable
and the action of the currents and quicksands in the island passes
could not be overcome, nor could the constant and severe southeast-
erly gales, which prevailed to a very unusual extent during this season,
be avoided. To these causes alone can the slow progress of the work
and final failure of the scheme be attributed.
The cable across the Mississippi River at New Orleans was destroyed
this month by the sloop-of-war Portsmouth dragging her anchors
across it.
In April, 1865, constructed a line from Mobile, Ala., to Spring
HiU, eight miles, and repaired the line from Mobile to Spanish Fort,
and from Mobile to Citronelle, and took down the lines from Navy
Cove to Fish River, and surrounding Forts Spanish and Blakely.
Laid a new cable across the Mississippi River at New Orleans, which
368 GOBBESPONDENCE) ETC.
was a second time destroyed by the sloop-of-war Portsmouth drawing
her anchors.
In May, 1865, constructed lines from Mobile, Ala., to Fort Pike, La.,
130 miles, all new line, and from Baton Rouge to Clinton, La., forty-
three miles, all new line, and repaired lines throughout Mississippi
and Alabama, using about 150 miles of new wire upon them; also took
up lines from Mobile to Spanish Fort, and from Fort Macomb, La., to
Fort Gaines, Ala. Much of the line from Baton Rouge, La., to the
mouth of Red River, upon the west bank of the Mississippi, was
washed away by extensive crevasses. Much of the wire was saved
and coiled up for future use. During the month eleven cables
were laid upon the line between Fort Pike and Mobile, upward of
thirteen miles in length, and most of the cable between Fort Macomb
and Mobile Bay was taken up and saved.
In June, 1865, 725 miles of line in Texas were repaired and put in
operation, mostly by their former managers, under the direction of
my agents sent to Galveston, Houston, and Shreveport. The neces-
sary material was ordered and the work commenced upon a line
extending from Shreveport, La., to Vicksburg, Miss., and also upon a
line extending fi*om Houston, Tex., via Hempstead, Brenham, La
Grange, Bastrop, Austin, San Marco, New Brunfels, to San Antonio.
Upon the completion of these lines, which are being pushed forward
rapidly, nearly all the important sections of Texas will be in direct
communication with the other States of the Union. I give a general
summary of the work performed during this fiscal year, as follows:
lanes in operation July 1, 1864 : Mil«».
From Cairo, IUm to Padncah, Ky 60
From Memphis, Tenn., to outposts and Saolsbory 62
From Cairo, 111., to Moscow, Ey 43
Total 164
Cables in operation July 1, 1864: Feet.
From Cairo, HI. ^to Kentuckjr shore 8,500
From Paducah, JCy., to Illinois shore 8,300
Total 6,800
Men employed July 1, 1864 :
Operators 34
Foreman 1
Laborers 19
Clerk 1
Repairers 16
Total .. 71
Lines constructed during the year : HUw.
FromO-rand Junction, Tenn., to Abbeville, Miss 45
From Fort Morgan , Ala. , to Pilot Town, Ala 4
From Memphis, Tenn., to outposts 5
Loop from Morganza line to naquemine, La 10
From Fort Macomb , La. , to Cat Island 45
From Ship Island to Fort Gaines 45
From Navy Cove, Ala., to Fish River 35
From Stark's Landing, Ala. , to Fort Blakely 15
From New Orleans, La., to Hickox Landing 8
From Mobile, Ala., to Spring HiU, Ala 8
From Mobile, Ala., to Fort Pike, La 180
From Baton Rouge, La., to Clinton, La 43
Total 893
I7NI0N AUTHORITIES. 869
Lines reconstmcted and repaired dnring the year : hiim.
From Memphis, Tenn. « to Collierville, Tenn 24
From Mobile, Ala., to Spanish Fort, Ala 18
From Mobile, Ala., to Citronelle, Ala 85
From Citronelle, Ala. , to Corinth , Miss 208
From Meridian, Miss., to Vicksbnrff, Miss 140
From Pass Manchac, La., to Grana Junction 856
From Grenada, Miss., to Senatobia, Miss 80
From Osyka, Miss., to Wood ville, Miss 70
From Mobile , Ala. , to M on tgomery , Ala 1 62
From Montgomery, Ala., to West Point, Ga 88
From Opelika, Ala., to Colambas, Ga 80
From West Point, Ga., to Atlanta, Ga 87
From Meridian, Miss. , to Montgomery, Ala 186
From Selma, Ala., to Talladega, Ala 75
From Camden, Ark., to Shreveport, La 110
From Shreveport, La., to Houston, Tex 885
From Galveston, Tex., to Houston, Tex 80
From Houston, Tex., to Orange, Tex 200
Total 2,319
Lines abandoned and taken down during the year : miim.
From Grand Junction, Miss., to Abbeville, Miss 45
From Saulsbury, Tenn., to White's Station, Tenn 52
From Memphis, Tenn., to Whitens Station, Tenn 5
From Memphis, Tenn., to Collierville, Tenn 24
From Navy Cove, Ala., to Fish River, Ala 85
From Start's Landing, Ala., to Fort Blakely, Ala 15
From Mobile, Ala., to Spanish Fort, Ala 18
From Baton Rouge, La., to the mouth of Red River 77
From Fort Morgan, Ala., to Pilot Town, Ala 4
From Mobile, Ala., to Spring HiU, Ala 8
From Fort Macomb, La., to Fort Gaines, Ala 90
From Baton Rouge, La., to Port Hudson, La., on the west bank of the
river 25
Total 898
Lines transferred to other ofKcers during the year : Miles.
From Cairo, HI., to Paducah,Ky 60
From Cairo, 111., to Moscow, Ky 42
From Memphis, Tenn. , to outposts 10
Total 112
Cables laid and recovered during the year : MUes. Feet.
Two cables across Southwest Pass of Mississippi River 4, 500
FromFortMorgan, Ala., to Fort Gaines, Ala 23,530
Acroes Chef Menttfur Pass at Fort Macomb, La 1, 200
Across Taliaferro Canal, La 150
From Fort Macomb, La., to Ship Island 23 1,540
From Ship Island to Horn Island 12
From Horn Island to Petit Bois Island 4
From New Orleans, La., to Algiers, La 1
From Fort Pike to Mobile, Ala 13 560
Total 58 5,080
Cables lost and destroyed during the year :
Two cables across Southwest Pass of Mississippi River 4, 401
Across Chef Mentenr Pass at Fort Macomb, La 800
From New Orleans, La., to Algiers, La 1
From New Orleans, La., to Algiers, La 1
Between Fort Macomb, La. , and Petit Bois Island 5 640
Total 8 561
24 R R— SERIES III, VOL V
370 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Cables transferred dnriiiff the year : Mile*. Feet*
From Cairo, 111., to Kentucky shore 3,500
FromPaducah, Ky., to Illinois shore 8,300
Total 1 1,620
Cables taken up dnrinK the year :
From Fort MaconiD, La., to Petit Bois Island 84 900
RECAPITULATION.
Lines in Operation Jnl^ 1, 1864 164
Lines constmcted during the year 393
Lines repaired during the year 2,319
Lines received from officers 615
8,491
Lines abandoned and taken down during the year 896
Lines transferred during the year 112
510
Lines in operation June 80, 1865 2,981
HU«8. Feet
Cablesinoperation July 1,1864 1 1,520
Cables laid and recovered during the year 58 6,080
Cables received from officers 6 4,438
67 478
Cables lost and destroyed 8 561
Cables taken up 34 900
Cables transferred 1 1,520
43 2,981
Cablesinoperation June 80, 1865 28 2,777
Monthly average of men employed daring the year :
Operators 69
Clerks 4
Teamsters 6
Laborers 67
Boatmen 4
Messengers 5
Foremen 5
Bepairers 19
Artisans 5
Total 174
I have the honor to be, most respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. G. FULLER,
Capt and AssL Q. M. Vols., Asst 8upt U. 8. Mil, Telegraphs,
Statement of public moneys on hand, received, and disbursed during theJUoal year
ending June SO, 1865, by Capt, W, O, Fuller, astristant quartermaster.
Amountonhand July 1,1864 $2,139.63
Amount received from officers during the year 97, 356. 71
Total amount on hand and received during the year $99, 496. 84
Amount expended during the year 99, 450. 09
Total amount expended and transferred during the year 99, 450. 09
Balance remaining on hand June 30, 1865 46.25
UNION AUTHOBITIBB. 371
I certify that the above is a trae and correct statement, and that the balance on
hand is deposited in iny office.
W. G. PULLER,
Captain and AMsUtant Quartermaater Volunteers,
Statement of qwMrierma8ter*a property for the ftmxU year ending June SO, 1866,*
Statement of clothing, camp and garrison equipage for the fiscal year ending
No. 82.
Hdqrs. U. S. Mil. Tbl., Mil. Div. op the Gulp,
New Orleans, August 2S^ 1866,
Maj. Gen. M. C. MsiQS,
Quartermaster' Oeneral U, S. Anny, Washington^ D, C:
General: In obedience to General Orders, No. 39, dated at your
office July 1, 1865, 1 have the honor to submit the following detailed
report of my official action during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865,
and to inclose herewith a statement of public moneys in the pre-
scribed form, together with Statements A and B, which are all that
are required by the operations of my office:
My annual report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1864, was
mailed from Danville, Ky., October 13, 1864, in which will be found a
detailed account of my official action prior to July 1, 1864, from the
time last above mentioned until June 22, 1865. I continued on duty
as assistant superintendent U. S. Military Telegraph, headquarters at
Danville, Ky., my jurisdiction embracing Centml and Eastern Ken-
tucky and East Tennessee. With the exception of a few insignificant
guerrilla raids, the lines under my control have not been molested by
the enemy during the year.
The following U. S. military telegraph lines were in operation under
my charge July 1, 1864:
Mllea
Prom Mount Sterling, via Lexington and Danville, to Camp Bumside. Ky. 127
Prom Lebanon , Kv. , via Danville and Cumberland Gap, to Knozville, Tenn . 216
Prom Lebanon, Ky., via Columbia, to Burkesville, Ky 67
Total in operation July 1, 1864 410
During the year the following lines have been constructed and
repaired:
Prom Lexington, Ky., to Richmond, Ky 26
Connecting fortifications in and around KnoxviUe, Tenn 4
PromGolnmbu8,Ky., to Burkesville, Ky 80
Total constructed and repaired 60
During the year the following lines have been abandoned :
Mile*.
Prom Camp Bumside, Ky., to Somerset, Ky 7
Prom Burkesville, K^., to Columbia, Ky 30
Connecting fortifications in and around Knozville, Tenn 4
Total abandoned 41
The following U. S. military telegraph lines were in oi)eration at
the close of the year, June 30, 1865:
♦Omitted.
372 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
MilM.
From Mount Sterling, Ky., via Lexington and Danville, to Somerset, Ky 120
From Lebanon, Ky., via Danville and Camberland Gap, to Knozville, Tenn. 216
From Lebanon, Ky., to Bnrkesville, Ky 67
From Lexington, Ky., to Richmond, Ky 36
Total in operation June 30, 1865 129
RECAPITULATION.
Miles.
Lines i n operation June 80,1864 410
Lines constructed and repaired during the year 60
Total 470
Deduct lines abandoned during the year 41
Total in operation June 30, 1865 429
My headquarters have been during the entire year at Danville,
Ky. Have engaged in no marches, battles, sieges, or skirmishes.
Beyond the steady, uniform assistance I was able to afford the mili-
tary authorities by supplying them with a quick, reliable means of
communication, but little has been required within my jurisdiction.
My operation on the lines of the enemy in the months of December,
1864, and January, 1865, in Southwestern Virginia, however, are
deserN'ing of mention.
Mr. E. T. Chapman, under my instructions, accompanied Major-
General Stonemau on his celebrated raid in the capacity of cipher
clerk and operator. The truly valuable a-ssistance he rendered the
expedition was duly acknowledged by tlie second officer in command,
Maj. Gen. S. G. Burbridge. Indeed, there can be little doubt that
the entire success of the expedition resulted from the invaluable
infonnation as to the position and numbera of the enemy which Mr.
Chapman obtained while he held the telegraph office at Bristol. For
several houra he held the office while dispatches were passing to and
from General Breckinridge and his subordinates, which he carefully
copied and laid before General Stoneman. By causing the regular
operator at that place, whom he captured in his office, to manipulate
the instrument, and dictating to him what should be said, Mr. Chap-
man was enabled to deceive the operators at Lynchburg and Rich-
mond, and received a long press report from Richmond and gathered
much valuable information.
The general condition of the lines under my control was much
better at the close than at the commencement of the year. A great
deal of pains has been taken in their repairs, and for steady, constant
working through all kinds of weather I challenge comparison with
any military telegraph lines. One thing in particular I desire to call
the department's att*?ntion to, and that is the very small cost of
maintaining so extended a district as that under my control. Not a
man was employed that could be dispensed with nor a dollar
expended unnecessarily. When, therefore, the general orders for
retrenchment were received I was unable to operate the lines at a
less cost than I had been doing.
On the 22d of June, 1805, I received an order from Col. Anson
Stager, chief of the U. S. Military Telegraph Corps, directing me to
turn over my public property and employ^ to Capt. John C. Van
Duzer, assistant quartermaster and assistant superintendent U. S.
Military Telegraphs, Nashville, Tenn., and to relieve Capt. W. G.
Fuller, assistant quartermaster and assistant superintendent U. S.
Military Telegraphs, New Orleans, La., and assume the control of the
lines in charge of that officer. From the 22d of June to the 30th of
UNION AUTHORITIES. 373
June, 1805, I wa8 en^age^l in making the transfer to Captain Van
Du7,er.
All of which is respectfully Hubmitted.
Very resjiectfully, general, your olK3dient servant,
W. L. GROSS,
Cajit. aiul A. Q. 3f., and AssL SupL U. S. Military Tdegraplm,
Statement of public moneys for the fiscal year ending June 30^ 1865, by Capt.
W, L. Gross t assistant quartermc
Telegraphs^ at New Orleans^ La.
W. L. Gross t assistant quartermaster and assistant superintendent U, S. Military
Orteam
On hand July 1,1864 $4,888.68
Received from officers during the year 71, 881. 21
Total 76,269.89
Expended during the year 61,168.24
Bemainingonhand June 80, 1865.. 15,101.65
Total _ 76,269.89
The amount remaining on hand June 80, 1865, ^as in my possession, there
being at that time no available depository of public moneys at hand.
I certify that the above statements are correct.
W. L. GROSS,
Capt. and Asst. Q. 3f., and Asst. Supt. U. S. Military Telegraphs.
Statement of ^lartermaster'sjaroperty for the fUeal year ending June SO, 1866, in
'*""'" ier and assistant
statement of ^lartermaster^s property for the jtaeal year ending ,
the possession of Capt. w. L. Gross, assistant quartermastei
superintendent u. S. Military TelegraphsatNew Orleans, La.*
Statement of clothing and camp and garrison equipage for the fiscal year ending
June SO, 1805, by Cant. W. L. Gross, assistant quartermaster and assistant
superintendent u. S. military Telegraphs at New Orleans, La,*
No. 83.
Office A. Q. M. and Asst. Supt. U. S. Mil. Tel.,
• Headquarters Department of South Carolina,
Hilton Head, 8. C, August 12, 1866,
Col. Anson Stager,
A. Q, M. and Asst. Supt. U, 8. MUiiary Telegraphs:
Colonel: In compliance with General Orders, No. 39, Quarter-
master-GeneraVs Office, Washington, D. C, July 1, 1865, I have the
honor to report as follows:
On the 28th of July, 1862, I was mustered into the service of the
United States as a private in Company A, One hundred and twenty-
sixth regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, First Brigade, Third Divis-
ion, Fifth Army Corps.
December 23, 1862, reported to Maj. Thomas T. Eckert, assistant
quartermaster and assistant superintendent U. S. Military Telegraphs,
in compliance with Special Orders, No. 397, War Department, Adju-
tant-General's Office, series of 1862; was assigned to duty as operator
at Ilagerstown, Md. February 13, 1863, in compliance with orders
from $Iaj. T. T. Eckei-t, reported for duty as operator at Fortress
Monroe, Va. May 14, 1863, in compliance with orders from Maj.
T. T. Eckert, reported to L. F. Sheldon, assistant superintend-
ent U. S. Military Telegraphs, Department of the South, and was
assigned to duty as chief oj)erator of the department. June 14,
1863, in compliance with orders from L. F. Sheldon, assistant super-
intendent, I proceeded to New Berne, N. C, and constructed a
line from that city to the headquarters of the various sub-districts
♦Omitted.
374 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
of the District of North Carolina, remaining in charge of said line
until November 3, 1864, when I was appointed as assistant quarter-
master of volunteers, with the rank of captain, and ordered to report
to Maj. T. T. Eckert, assistant quartermaster and assistant superin-
tendent U. S. Military Telegraphs. December 5, 1864, in compli-
ance with orders from Major Eckert, I relieved Capt. L. F. Sheldon,
assistant quartermaster and assistant superintendent U. S. Mili-
tary Telegraphs, and took charge of the lines in this department.
By order of Maj. G^n. John G. Foster, commanding Department of
the South, I immediately proceeded to construct a line of telegraph
from Deveaux's Neck to the headquarters of Brigadier-General Hatch,
commanding Provisional Brigade, to facilitate operations against
the enemy at Pocotaligo, S. C. December 18, 1864, by order of
Major-General Foster, I reported to Major-General Sherman, at his
headquarters near King's Bridge, Ga., to build such lines as he
might require in his operations against Savannah, Ga. By order
of Major-General Sherman I repaired, constructed, and operated lines
from his headquarters in Savannah to the headquarters of General
Hazen, near Fort McAllister, to the headquarters of General Kil-
Patrick, on the Ogeechee road, and to Fort Pulaski, Ga., and from
Port Royal Ferry to Pocotaligo, S. C. The buildine and operation of
these and other lines in this department, extending, as they do,
through forest, swamp, and river, was attended with almost insur-
mountable difficulties, and the work was greatly retarded by the
troops, who frequently destroyed the lines for miles, using the poles
for firewood.
In May last, in compliance with orders from Maj. Thomas T.
Eckert, I assumed control of all telegraph lines in the States of
South Carolina and Georgia, north to Charlotte, N. C, and west
to Montgomery, Ala. Most of these lines had been destroyed by
General Sherman's army in its march through the country, and
the railroads along which they were built having been destroyed at
the same time, the repair and reconstruction of the lines has been a
difficult and laborious work. It is progressing, however, as rapidly
as circumstances will permit, and it is hoped that before the 1st of
September next all the lines in these States will be in reliable work-
ing order.
Referring to the annexed statements as an exhibit of their extent, Ac.
I have the honor to be, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient
servant,
JAMES R. GILMORE,
CapL and A. Q. 3f., and AssL Supt U. 8. Military Telegraphs.
Statement of the number of miles of telegraph lines, to and from what points
constructed or repaired and operated, under my control since May 1, IS65, not
home on Form A.
From Wilmington, N.C., to Columbia, S.C 196
From Charlotte, N.C., to Columbia, S.C 109
FromCharleston, S.C.,toDarlinffton, S.C 112
From Charleston, S.C, to King8ville,S.C 105
From Charleston, S. C, to Savannah, Qa 104
From Augusta, Ga., to Savannali.Qa 182
From Augusta, Ga., to Maoon, G^a 164
FromMacon, Ga., to Atlanta, Ga 108
From Atlanta, Gki., to Montgomery, Ala 175
From Macon, Gte. , to Opelika via Colmnbus 128
From Tallahassee, Fla., to Jacksonville, Fla 175
Total 1,608
UNION AUTHORITIES. 375
Statement of pMie moneys for fimxd year ending June SO, 1866,
Received from offloen during the year $1 1 , 118. 68
Expended during the year 11,088.50
Remaining on hand Jnne 30, 1865 80.18
The balance on hand is deposited as follows :
Eighty dollars and eighteen cents deposited in a safe in my office at Hilton,
Head, 8. C.
A. — Statement of quariermaater's property for the fUcal year ending June SO, 1865,*
E. — Statement of dathing and eamp and garrison equipage for the fiscal year
ending June SO, 1866,*
No. 84.
Annual report of CapL 8. G. Lynchy assistant qtmrtermaster and
assistant supeHntendeni of U. o. Military Telegraphs^ Department
of West Virginia^ for the fiscal year ending June SO, 1866.
Cleveland, Ohio, September i, 1865.
Maj. Gen. M. C. Meiqs,
Quartermasier-Oeneral U. 8. Army, Washingtony D. C;
General: I have the honor to submit to your department, through
Col. A. Stager, chief, Ac. (pursuant to General Orders, No. 39, Quar-
termaster-General's Department), my annual report for the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1865. My annual report for 1864 was rendered to
your department through Col. A. Stager, chief of U. S. Military Tele-
graphs, in the latter part of October, 1864.
It has been my duty during the past year to act as assistant super-
intendent of U. S. Military Telegraphs within the Department of West
Virginia and the State of Ohio, and to be chief purchasing officer for
the supplies required by the different officers connected with this
branch of the public service for the operation and construction of
U. S. military telegraphs within the several departments. My head-
quarters have been at Cleveland, Ohio.
Military operations have not been extensively active within the
Department of West Virginia during the last year, and, with the
exception of two or three important movements, the operations have
been confined to maintaining a line of military posts adjacent to the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and along the Kanawha River.
Whenever our troops have been dispatched upon expeditions or
raids within the enemy's lines cipher operators have generally been
furnished to accompany such movements. The expedition of Major-
General Crook in May, 1864, was not referred to in my report for that
year, and allusion to the same is therefore made herein. A portion of
General Crook's command, comprising three brigades of infantry and
about 300 cavalry, left Fayetteville, W. Va., during the first week of
May and proceeded to Lexington, where they destroyed the camp and
garrison equipage of two rebel regiments which had been left in
charge of rebel guards. On the evening of the 8th the expedition
arrived at Shannon's Cross-Roads, ten miles from Dublin Depot. At
Shannon's Cross-Roads a rebel telegraph line was intercepted by the
cipher operator accompanying the expedition, but owing to the pre-
♦ Omitted,
376 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
caution of the rebel operators but little information of interest to our
forces was obtained beyond the fact that a considerable rebel force
was posted at Cloyd's Mountain, on our line of march. On the morn-
ing of the 9th our forces reached Cloyd's Mountain, five miles from
Dublin Depot, and General Crook at once made an attack upon the
rebels, who were protected by earth- works; but after two hours' deter-
mined resistance the enemy fled in utter confusion, leaving their dead
and wounded. During this engagement the telegraph operator acted
as aide-de-camp to the general, and received a complimentary notice
from that oflftcer in his official report of the affair. General Crook
pushed on for Dublin Depot, and when within three miles of the town
met a force of Morgan's men, numbering about 1,000, who had come
from Saltville to re-enforce the rebels at Cloyd's Mountain, but were
not in time to effect a junction. After a skirmish the rebels retreated,
and our forces entered Dublin Depot, on the Virginia and Tennessee
Railroad, about 3 p. m. on the 9th. The depot buildings, rebel govern-
ment proj)erty, and telegraph office here were destroyed, and General
Crook pushed on to destroy the long railroad bridge ten miles from
Dublin Depot, which, after an engagement of two hours, was accom-
plished. The object of the expedition having been attained, the com-
mand started upon its return via Salt Pond and Peter's Mountain,
through Union, across Greenbrier River to Meadow Bluff, reaching
there May 23, having marched about 300 miles. At Meadow Bluff
we were in telegraphic communication, and cipher messages detailing
operations, <fcc. , were forwarded to headquarters, Washington, D. C.
On the 1st of June following General Crook started with his com-
mand for Staunton, Va., via Lewisburg, Hot and Warm Springs,
through Panther Gap, into Augusta Valley. At Panther Gap a sol-
dier in rebel uniform was captured, claiming to belong to Imboden's
command, but upon being brought to headquarters was found to be
the bearer of cipher messages from General Hunter ordering Greneral
Crook to join him at Charlottesville. The order, however, was after-
ward countermanded, and our forces joined the other command at
Staunton. From Staunton the expedition moved via Lexington and
Buckhannon, crossing the Blue Ridge at the foot of Peaks of Ott^r
via Liberty, for Lynchburg. On arriving in the vicinity of Lynch-
burg we encountered the rebel force and whipped it during the first
day*s engagement. At night the rebels were re-enforced by troops
under General Early. After successfully resisting the rebel attack on
the second day our forces fell back under cover of the night and
started for the Shenandoah Valley; but finding that the rebels were
pursuing actively, and that probably we could not get out in the direc-
tion taken, our column turned toward the Kanawha Valley and
marched out via Salem, Sweet Springs, and Lewisburg to Gauley
Bridge. At the latter place orders were received to move the troops
on to Charleston, where they took transports for Parkersburg, and
from thence by railroad to Martinsburg, Va. From Martinsburg the
troops were ordered to Harper's FeiTy and into Maryland after Gen-
eral Early, who had come down the Shenandoah Valley and crossed
the Potomac into Maryland. At Hillsborough it was ascertained that
Early had fallen back, going toward Snicker's Gap and Winchester,
Va. Near Hillsborough the Sixth Corps joined us and the command
moved to Snicker's Gap. The Sixth Corps moved f i*om here to Wash-
ington and General Crook's forces for Winchester. At Kernstown,
three miles from Winchester, General Crook fought General Elarly on
the 24th of July. Crook was defeated and at night retreated to Bunker
UNION AUTHORITIES. 877
Hill. The cipher operator was employed all night in putting the gen-
eral's official dispatches into cipher for transmission from the nearest
telegraph station to Washington and other points. Next morning we
marched from Bunker Hill to Williamsport, through Shepherdstown
to Pleasant Valley, and from there to Frederick, and thence to Har-
per's Ferry and up the Shenandoah Valley to Strasburg, but again
fell back to Halltown. After remaining at Halltown five days the
command again moved up the valley to Berryville, at which place
the cipher operator received orders to return to the Department of
West Virginia.
On the 26th of September, 1864, the military telegraph line from
Clarksburg, Va., to Weston was intercepted at Weston by a rebel
operator, who, under the pretense of being the regular U. S. military
telegraph operator stationed at that post, transmitted a telegram in
the name of the commandant of that post, addressed to the comman-
dant of Dhe post at Clarksburg, stating that 3,000 rebels under General
Basil Duke were advancing on Weston, and asking how many troops
were at Clarksburg and how many could be sent to Weston. The
military operator at Clarksburg felt satisfied from the peculiarity of
the manipulation of the telegraph key at Weston that the telegram
was H fraud and that it had been transmitted by a rebel operator, and
so informed Colonel Wilkinson, then in command at Clarksburg.
This suspicion, however, was kept from the rebel operator, and an
answer regularly transmitted to Weston stating that 2,000 troops had
just arrived by railroad and that more were expected during the night.
Subsequent facts proved that the rebels were under command of Col-
onel Witcher, 900 strong, who retreated after plundering Weston and
its inhabitants, although the original intention of the rebels had been
to capture Clarksburg and destroy the large amount of Government
property at that depot, which they could very easily have accom-
plished, only two companies of troops being stationed at Clarksburg
at that time. Whether the subterfuge resorted to on our part was
the means of saving Clarksburg and itis supplies or not is unknown.
On the morning of Septem^r 27, 1864, the rebels under Colonel
Witcher, about 900 strong, captured the town of Buckhannon, burned
bridges and several dwellings, and plundered the inhabitants. Most
of the small garrison stationed at this place eluded capture.
On the morning of October 29, 1864, a force of rebel infantry, 300
strong, under Captain Hill, attacked the Federal forces at Beverly,
Va., but after a sharp contest were repulsed. After the rebels had
retreated, the military telegraph repairer stationed at Beverly, having
a thorough knowledge of the country, took the lead of our pursuing
force, and, by taking a short bj'-road, got to the front of the rebels,
when a charge was made, driving the rebels across a creek, taking
93 prisoners and recapturing about 40 of our own men taken in the
attack on Beverly. The telegraph employ^ was complimented in the
official report of the affair.
At about 11 a. m. November 28 the rebels, in U. S. uniform, under
General Rosser, surprised the Federal force at New Creek, Va., and
took possession of the place. The rebel force consisted of a division
of cavalry. Much Government property was destroyed. The mili-
tary telegraph office was seized so quickly that the operator had not
time to escape and was carried off by the retreating rebels. He was
robbed of his valuables and clothing, compelled to march barefoot
to Harrisonbui'g, given nothing to eat until the third day of his
captivity, and then merely three-quarters of a pound of fresh beef.
378 COBRESPONDENGE, ETC.
which had to suffice until the evening of the fifth day, was confined
in Castle Thunder, Richmond, and by sharing the blanket of a prison
companion was kept from freezing.
On the 11th of January, 1865, at about 5 o'clock in the morning, a
rebel force of about 600, under command of General Rosser, surprised
and captured the picket-post at Beverly, Va. ; passed quietly toward
the Federal camp, surprised it, and captured the whole force, number-
ing some 800 men, under command of Colonel Youart, Eighth Ohio
Voluntoer Cavalry. A very humiliating affair.
Herewith will be found my property statement A, embracing all the
proi>erty which has come into my possession during the year.
I have nothing to report on Form B.
Herewith will also be found my statement of public moneys received,
Ac, during the year. Out of the total amount expended, $149,799.76
was applied to purchases, and $124,564.76 to service account.
Have nothing to report on Forms C, CC, nor D.
Herewith will be found Form E, showing the articles of property
which the enemy has captured during the year while in my possession,
and the estimated value thereof.
Have no use for Form F, nothing having been captured from the
enemy and come into my possession.
The following U. S. military telegraph land and submarine lines
were in operation July 1, 1864, under my supervision in the Depart-
ment of West Virginia and the State of Ohio:
From Hamden, Ohio, to Payette, Va 151
From Gallipolis, Ohio, to South Point, Ohio 45
FromGlarksburg, Va., to Beverly, Va 58
FromClarksborff, Va.,toBalltown, Va 49
From Green Spring, Va., to Springfield, Va 7
810
Submarine line from Point Pleasant to Ohio shore k
Total 810i
The line from Green Spring to Springfield was necessarily abandoned in July,
1864 7
Leaving 808|
Number of lines in operation June 30, 1865, as follows:
KIlM.
From Hamden, Ohio, to Fayette, Va 151
From Gallipolis, Ohio, to South Point, Ohio 45
From Clarksburg, Va., to Beverly, Va 58
Prom Clarksburg, Va., to Bnlltown,Va 49
Cable from Point Pleasant to the Ohio shore ^
Total 803i
I have nothing to report upon Form G.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
S. G. LYNCH,
Captain and Asst. QiLarternuister, Asst Superintendent,
Statement of public moneys for JUcal year ending June SO, 186S.
On hand Jnly 1,1864 $557.06
Received from officers during the year 265,695.28
Total 286,252.84
UNION AUTH0BITIE8. 879
Expended during the year $874,864.52
Transferred to other offioeiB during the year 10,000.00
Remaining on hand June 80, 1865 1,887.82
Total 286,252.84
The balance on hand is deposited in my safe.
Statement cf prMttrty captured and destroyed by the enemy from Copt. 5. O.
Lynch, aMtnant quartermaster, and its estimated value, dunng the Jlseal year
ending June SO, 1S65.*
Statement of quartermaster's property for the fiscal year ending June SO, 1866.^
No. 86.
Office of the Chief Quartermaster,
LouiaviUej Ky., October 19, 1866.
Maj. Gen. M. C. Heios,
QtMriermaster-Oeneral U, S. Army, Washington, D. C;
General: I have the honor to transmit herewith a retrospective
report of the transactions of the department under my direction for
the i>eiiod commencing October 1, 1861, and ending June 30, 1865. t
I r^ret that I have been unable to make it more complete. I am
sensible that it is only an outline, and conveys a very inadequate
idea of the actual amount of labor performed.
I inclose, also, a statement of receipts and disbursements of public
moneys for the fiscal year ending on the dOth of June, 1865.
Please acknowledge the receipt.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
ROBT. ALLEN,
Brevet Major- General and Chief QuarterTnaster.
Statement of pMic moneys received and ditbursed by Bvt. M(y\ Oen, Robert
ABen, quartermaster , U, $. Army, for the year ending on the SOth of June,
1S65.
On hand July 1,1864 $626,008.57
Reoeived from oflEloera during the year 1,288,504.28
Received from Treasury Department during the year 87,018,955.25
Total 88,885,558.10
Expended during the year 5,420,101.22
Transferred to other offtcerg during the year 28,518,545.28
Remaining on hand June 30, 1865 : 4,951,906.65
Total. 88,885,558.10
The balance due the United States is deposited as follows :
Central National Bank at New York 1,607.549.28
U.S. depository at Louisville. Ky 8,047,887.78
First National Bank in Philadelphia in 7 A bonds 291,477.41
OfBcesafe, in gold and Treasury notes 5,042.18
Total 4,951,906.65
I certify that the above statement is oomct
ROBT. ALLEN,
Brevet Major-Qenerat and Chief Qvartermaster, VaUey of the Mississippi.
* Details omitted. The estimated value of the property was 8602.
fOmitted.
iSee Seriee I, Vol. Ln, Part I, p. 690.
380 C0RKB8P0NDENCE, ETC.
No. 86.*
Headquarters Armies of the United States,
WaahingUmj D. C, September 28, 1865.
Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
QiMirtermcLster'Oenercd U. S. Army, WashingUmy D, C:
GENER.iL: I have the honor to submit my annual report for the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, called for in your General Orders,
No. 39, of July 1, of the present year.
By reference to my report of last year, rendered on the 28th of
August, 1864, and which you did me the honor to publish with your
own, together with my report for the previous fiscal year, and the
Chancellors ville campaign, it will be observed that on the 1st of July,
1864, I was on duty at City Point, Va., at the headquarters of the
lieutenant-general commanding the Armies of the United States, as
chief quartermaster Armies operating against Richmond. These
armies were composed of the Army of the Potomac and Army of the
James, and our lines extended from the north side of the James River,
near Richmond, to the southeast of Petersburg, a distance of over
twenty-five miles, along the whole length of which was almost con-
stant skirmishing night and day. Several attempts had been made
before the 1st of July to carry the enemy^s works, and to find and
turn his fianks, sometimes bringing on severe conflicts, but without
material success on our side. I refer to the attacks of the 16th, 17th,
18th of June, and to Generals Wilson^s and Eautz's expedition to
Reams' Station, June 22 to 28, more particularly. It became manifest
that the defense of Richmond and Petersburg would be as protracted
and stubborn as the resources and ability of the rebel commander
could render it. I proceeded, therefore, under the written orders of
the lieutenant-general to create suitable depots for receiving, storing,
and issuing necessary supplies for the armies. The principal depot
was established at City Point, on the James, at the mouth of the Ap-
pomattox, and was made one of the most convenient, commodious,
economical, and perfect ever provided for the supply of armies. I
have already rendered you a special report, on the 24th of June last,
of this depot, showing amount of wharfage, store-houses, railroad
shops, tracks, &c., with a recommendation how to dispose of the same.
A secondary depot was kept up at Bermuda Hundred, and a still
lesser one at Deep Bottom, more especially for the Army of the James.
There was an average of some 40 steam-boats of all sorts, including
tugs, 75 sail vessels, and 100 barges dailv in the James River engaged
in the transportation of supplies and plying between that river and
the Northern ports. With such facilities an army of 500,000 men
could have been fully supplied within any reasonable distance of our
base. I do not know the whole number of vessels employed in our
supply. A daily line of boats was established between City Point
and Washington for mail and passenger service. Besides this, our
transport fieet was constantly engaged in bringing cavalry and artil-
lery horses, mules, clothing, ammunition, subsistence, &c., and in car-
rying back to Washington broken-down animals and other unserv-
iceable property. The depot was placed under the charge of Col.
P. P. Pitkin, who held the position of chief quartermaster of the
depot until November 7, 1864, when he resigned to accept the posi-
tion of quartermaster-general of the State of Vermont, and was suc-
* Portions of this report having been inadvertently omitted from Series I, VoL.
LI, Part I, p. d51, the whole docmnent is here printed.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 381
oeeded by Col. George W. Bradley. Both of the gentlemen were highly
experienced, vigorous, and accomplished officers, and performed tneir
very arduous and responsible duties with great credit to themselves
and advantage to the service.
The chief quartermaster at the principal depot always kept direct
charge of the water transportation in James River. The other
branchea of the department, however, such as employ^, forage,
clothing, and railroad transportation, were in charge of subordinate
quartermasters, selected for peculiar fitness, subject to the super-
vision of the chief depot quartermaster, who was required to report
to me in writing every day, such as arrivals and clearances of ship-
ping, receipts and issues of clothing, forage, Ac. The chief quarter-
master of each army was required to render, on or before the 25th of
every month, a detailed consolidated estimate, revised and approved
by the army commander, of the supplies required for issue to the army
the month following. Upon this data I prepared and submitted my
estimate for the combined forces on or before the 1st of each month.
This method had very many good results. It compelled all interested
to ascertain the real wants of the troops and to secure their regular
and prompt supply. No quartermaster's stores were permitted to be
sent to the armies except over my siraature. The funds were gen-
erally deposited to the credit of Bvt. Lieut. Ck>l. William T. Howell,
on duty in my office as disbursing officer, on my requisition, and dis-
tributed by him to division and brigade quartermasters, on their esti-
mates duly approved by the various commanders and countersigned
by me. My printed orders and circulars in the hands of my subor-
dinates prescribed the manner in which they should perform their
duties on all points where the regulations and general orders were
silent.
An extensive repair depot was established near City Point and
placed in charge of Bvt. Lieut. Col. £. J. Strang, who received all
serviceable animals and means of transportation from the Washing-
ton depot, and made the issues to the armies, .and who received from
the armies unserviceable stock, wagons, ambulances, &c., and
shipped back all that could not be repaired in his shops. He employed
a force of about 1,800 carpenters, wheelwrights, blacksmiths, saddlers,
corral hands, teamsters, laborers, and guards. During the year end-
ing June 30, 1865, he had repaired 3,653 army wagons and 2,414
ambulances. He had shod 19,618 horses and 31,628 mules. He
received 27,116 serviceable horses and 10,893 mules, 436 wagons and
36 ambulances. He received from the troops 16,344 unserviceable
horses, 9,684 mules, 1,392 wagons, and 400 ambulances. He received
also by the surrender of Lee's army 400 horses, 1,300 mules, 101
wagons, and 90 ambulances. He issued to the troops 31,386 horses,
18,891 mules, 1,536 wagons, and 370 ambulances. He sent back for
recuperation and repair 13,575 horses, 4,313 mules, 743 wagons, and
36 ambulances, besides a great amount of harness and other property.
I mention these items simply to convey an idea of the duties to be per-
formed at depots. This was only one branch.
As soon as we occupied City Point General McCallum, the able
officer in charge of U. S. Military Railroads, had a strong construc-
tion corps on the spot prepared to rebuild the railroad up to our lines
near Petersburg; and afterward, as fast as the army gained ground
to the southeast, a temporary extension was laid close to our forces,
until finally it extended to Hatcher's Run, a distance of about nine-
teen miles. Along this road were stations, as described in my last
382 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
report, on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, where sidings and
platforms were made lor the prompt distribution of supplies to the
different commands. This road saved much wear and tear of the
wagon trains, and enabled the lieutenant-general to concentrate troops
rapidly at any desirable point. After the surrender of Lee, this
road — the new portion — ^was dismantled and the material placed in
depot, to be disposed of in proper time.
The great field hospital at City Point has been described in other
reports. It was a very perfect one for the purpose. The medical
officers in charge exercised great taste and judgment in its manage-
ment. There was a somewlutt similar field hospital for the Army of
the James at Point of Rocks, on the Appomattox. The medical
department of each army had its own wharres, store-houses, trans-
ports, and hospitals, under the control of its medical officers. The
ordnance and subsistence departments had RX)ecial wharves and store-
houses; so also had General Abbot, who had charge of siege guns
and material for the entire line— all constructed by the Quarter-
master's Department.
Colonel Strang and the other depot officers showed great enei^,
assiduity, and good judgment in the management of these heavy
duties.
On the first of the fiscal year the organization of the quartermaster's
department in the ''Armies operating against Richmond" was com-
plete, and never for a moment has it failed during the year to meet
the orders and expectations of the lieutenant-general and the prin-
cipal commanders in the field, so far as I have had opportunity of
being informed.
It is undeniable that the officers of the Quartermaster's Department,
both in the field and at our depots, have been charged with most
important and responsible duties during the rebellion. Had they
failed at any time we had no general who could have moved an army.
I submit that more consideration is due to a defiartment upon which
so much is devolved, and higher grades should be created in order
that the chief officers may have a rank that corresponds more nearly
with that held by those who fight the troops. It is a noticeable fact
that no quartermaster who has served as such during the war has risen
by substantial promotion above the old grade. And still there are
quartermasters who have done the Army and Republic as great service
as any brigadier-general, and, with very few exceptions, any major-
general. Officers of the department who are old, too infirm, inert, or
otherwise disqualified to take their tours of hard work in the field and
on frontier stations should at least be retired, in order that the active
and business quartermasters who have borne the brunt of the service
during the war may have the rank due the positions they have
occupied.
I beg to suggest you will deem it expedient to recommend an
increase of the QuarteiTuaster's Department in your annual report to
the Honorable Secreta^ of War — such an increase as will meet the
wants of a peace establishment. There have been 400 or 500 volun-
teer quartermasters appointed during the war. According to l^e
statutes the last of these will go out of service in one year »fter the
termination of the war, which is not yet, however, proclaimed at an
end. The increase which I would suggest, and which would be satis-
factory, in my opinion, to the princip^ offtcers of the department^
and would be sufficiently large for the Army as it will probably stand
in a year's time, is as follows:
One Quartermaster-General U. S. Army, rank of major-general.
UNION AUTHOBITIEB. 383
Tliree division quartermaster-generals, rank of brigadier-general.
Three assistant quartermaster-generals, rank-of colonel.
Four deputy quartermaster-generals, rank of lieutenant-colonel.
Twelve quartermasters, rank of major.
Forty-eight assistant quartermasters, rank of captain.
This would only add one major-general, two brigadier-generals, and
one major to the present establishment. I suggest three brigadier-
generals as '^division quartermaster-generals" for the three grand
divisions, to wit, the Atlantic Division, Mississippi Division, and
Pacific Division. The list of majors will be an increasing one under
the law that promotes assistant quartermasters for fourteen consec-
utive years' service. Such promotions will, of course, create vacan-
cies in the list of captains.
On the 1st of July, 1864, there were on hand in the Armies operating
against Richmond means of land transportation as follows: 41,329
horses, 23,961 mules, 4,440 army wagons, 57 two-horse light wagons,
and 915 ambulances.
At the beginning of the last campaign my returns show on hand as
follows: 24,192 horses, 23,356 mules, 4,071 army wagons, 144 two-horse
light wagons, and 907 ambulances.
After the close of the final campaign — say on May 1, 1865 — the
means of transportation were as follows: 33,948 horses, 25,093 mules,
4,207 army wagons, 140 two-horse light wagons, and 820 ambulances.
This 'property was used as prescribed in the orders of the lieuten-
ant-general, a copy of which accompanied my last report, and most
of it came to Washington with the troops last May and June, and was
turned into the depot, as the troops were discharged, for final dispo-
sition under your orders. This transportation was in most excellent
condition, and rendered services of vital importance on the last
grand campaign from Petersburg and Richmond to Appomattox Court-
House.
There were many partial movements of the armies from July 1,
1864, to the opening of the last campaign, bat they did not render
many new dispositions necessary in our department as to the trans-
I>ortation.
On the 30th of July. the ''battle of the Mine" was fought. On the
9th of August, near noon, there occurred a fearful explosion in the
midst of the City Point depot, killing and wounding some 250
employ^ and soldiers, throwing down over 600 feet in length of
warehouses, and tearing up some 180 linear feet of the wharf. It was
found that a barge laden with ordnance stores had been blown up.
Immense quantities of shot and shell were thrown into the air, and
much of it fell in the encampment of the lieutenant-general, wound-
ing, however, only one^Colonel Babcock, of his staff. The lieuten-
ant-general himself seems proof against the accidents of fiood and
field. It was assumed at the time tiLat the explosion was the result of
carelessness on the part of some one in or near the barge, but the
developments made in the trial of the assassins of the late President
would show that it was the dastardly work of that infernal rebel
'' torpedo bureau " in Richmond. The damages of the depot were soon
repaired.
August 18 to 20 the Weldon road was seized and thereafter held.
An attempt was also made on our right at Deep Bottom. September
30 the Fifth and Ninth Ck)rps, of the Army of the Potomac, were en-
gaged at Poplar Grove Church, and the Army of the James captured
Fort Harrison and one line of works. October 24 [27] and 25 [28] the
384 COBRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Army of the Potomac was engaged at Hatcher's Run. December 5[7]
the Fifth Corps, supported by the Ninth, made a march toward wel-
don. On such occasions the moving columns were generally directed
in orders to be provided with a small stated allowance of subsistence,
foragjB, and ammunition wagons and ambulances. The main trains
remained parked in safe and convenient positions near the outer
defenses of the City Point depot, but always loaded and fully pre-
pared to move forward whenever and wherever needed. It was the
rule after having passed the James in June, 1864, that each corps
should generally be followed by its own trains.
On the evening of the 23d of January, 1865, it was known that the
rebels were apparently preparing to make a raid down the James,
with their fleet Of iron-clads and wooden boats, for the purpose of
destroying our depots on the river, particularly that great one at City
Point, where supplies had been accumulated and stored to meet the
wants of the armies in case the James River and Northern ports should
be closed by ice. The weather was already very inclement, and the
Potomac and Delaware were then, or shortly afterward, rendered
entirely unnavigable by ice. Early on the 24th the rebel fleet
approached our obstructions and one of the iron-clads passed them,
but the one following got foul upon them. Our batteries made obsti-
nate resistance and blew up one of the smaller gun-boats. Our men
even were led with great effort to the bank of the river and poured
volleys of musketry into the ram that had i>assed the obstructions.
The navy at that point was not prepared at the moment for any effect-
ive resistance. Had the rebels persisted at that time they could, Had
they succeeded, have inflicted upon us incalculable losses, the result
of which no one can pretend now to estimate; but most fortunately
for us they abandoned the raid and retired to their former position.
Two or three da3rs later it was impossible for these boats to make a
descent. The navy was thoroughly prepared, and I had sent, by
order of the lieutenant-general, my aide-de-camp, Bvt. Capt. J.. W.
French, Eighth Infantry, up the river with vessels laden with coal,
who sunk two on the night of the 25th to All up the gap made in the
obstructions. He performed the service under the enemy's guns with
great gallantry.
Our lines were extended to Hatcher's Run on the 7th of February.
The enemy attacked and carried Fort Stedman, within the lines of
the Ninth Corps, on the morning of the 25th of March, but were
shortly driven out with a loss of some 4,500 killed, wounded, and
prisoners. Meantime the lieutenant-general was preparing to strike
the decisive blow of the whole war. The sick were sent to the rear.
The different staff departments were ordered to be in readiness with
all necessary supplies for the expected march. The arrangements
made by me were similar to those described in my reports of other
great battles. The trains were laden with ten days' subsistence and
forage and sixty rounds per man of ammunition. The troops were
fully supplied with clothing, and were required to carry five days'
subsistence and forty rounds of ammunition on their persons. The
trains were to remain in park, as usual, until the result of the attack
should be known.
The movement commenced by the left on the 29th of March. On
the evening of April 1 Sheridan overthrew the enemy At Five Forks
and gave us i>ossession of the South Side road. On the next night and
morning the Sixth Corps, under General Wright, carried the enemy's
works in its front. The enemy was driven from his works around
UNION AUTHORITIES. 385
Petersburg and Richmond and fled toward the Danville road. He
was pursaed with such vigor that our forces reached Burkeville Junc-
tion in advance of him, and obliged him to attempt some other road.
At Amelia Court-House he lost many of his wagons and troops. Our
cavalry hung on his rear and destroyed a great amount of his trans-
portation. The rebel army became utterly demoralized, beaten,
dispirited, and was surrendered entire to the lieutenant-general at
Appomattox Court-House on the memorable 9th of April.
Immediately after the surrender I inspected the rebel trains and
saw they were in a horrible condition. I gave orders for the supply
of forage to the animals, and that the transportation should be sent
in LO the City Point depot. Permission had been given that all pri-
vate mules and horses might be taken away by their owners. I was
not greatly surprised to learn afterward that the greater portion of
all t^e animals, particularly all the good ones, were taken away on
'this pretext. It was very natural to expect it, and I am told the same
was observed after the surrender of other rebel armies.
There finally reached the City Point depot from General Lee's army
only 400 horses, 1,300 mules, 101 wagons, and 90 ambulances.
Doubtless many animals, wagons, and ambulances were loaned to
Confederate officers to enable them to reach certain points, where
they probably turned them over.
Having made all the necessary dispositions, the lieutenant-general
left on the 10th to return to City Point. On the 3d I had directed the
superintendent of the railroad to repair it at once as far as Burkeville
Junction, a distance of fifty-four miles. The gauge had to be reduced
to four feet eight and a half inches from Petersburg. When the
lieutenant-general and staff reached Burkeville, at noon on the 11th,
a special train was in waiting for us, and we arrived at City Point
that same ni^ht. Supplies were forwarded and the sick and wounded
were taken m at once over this road. Subsequently the road was
worked by the Government to Danville and Lynchburg.
It is proper to record that I personally accompanied the lieutenant-
general and staff on all the campaigns of the year past, and was
present in all the principal engagements and battles.
I remained on duty at City Point, directing the reduction of employes,
the discharge of transports, and the diminution of expenses generally
in the Quartermasters Department, until the 8th of May, when I
received a telegraphic order from the lieutenant-general to repoi*t in
person to him in Washington. I reported accordingly on the 10th,
and since that date have held myself directly subject to his orders
from day to day. I established an office for the settlement of out
standing accounts of the armies lately operating against Richmond,
and continued it until yesterday, when Colonel Howell, who was my
disbursing officer, was ordered to report to you. The office Ls no
longer necessary for that purpose.
The Treasury Department is now engaged in the settlement of my
accounts, which have not been entirely settled since 1856. I request
the privilege of attending to this duty before I am again assigned to
any permanent station outside of this city. It is important to me and
to the Government that my accounts shall be closed. I am not respon-
sible now, according to my returns, for any public funds or property,
so a better opportunity can never be presented for the settlement. I
have stated to you that in addition I will cheerfully attend to any
duty in this city, such as service on boards, to which you may wish
to have me assigned.
25 B B— SEBIBS m, VOL V
886 C0BBE8P0NDENCB, ETC.
My money aoconnts for the fiscal year are correctly stated below as
follows:
On hand JqIt 1,1864:
BeoeiTed from officers during the year $12,000
Treasury Department 900,000
Total 813,000
Expended dming the year :
Transferred to other offloers dnring the year 812,000
The officers who have served under me will furnish yon the infor-
mation called for by paragraphs 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 11 of your
order. My duties have been chiefly administrative.
As all the data for a ''statistical report" should be in your office,
and as such a report of the operations of the Quartermaster's Dei>art-
ment during the war would be of great interest and value,. I would
respectfully suggest that two or more competent officers be charged
with the duty of compiling it. My observations during the past year
have only confirmed me in the opinions expressed in previous reports
relative to the outfit of our troops and our means of land transpor-
tation.
Bvt. Brig. Gen. R. N. Batchelder succeeded me as chief quarter-
master of the Army of the Potomac, and continued on that duty
until the disbandment of that army. He merited the very high com-
mendations awarded him by all his superiors. He, like mj^self, has
served continuously in the field during the war.
Col. Charles £. Fuller was acting chief quartermaster of the Army
of the James on our arrival at James River. Subsequently, and at
different dates. Col. J. B. Howard and Bvt. Brig. Gen. Geoi^ S.
Dodge were chief quartermasters of that army, and gave me cordial
support. I am very thankful to all the quartermasters who served
under me for the uniformly cheerful co-operation extended to me. I
have mentioned them more particularly in a special letter asking for
brevets, <fcc.
I beg to repeat my obligations to you and General Rucker and the
officers of the Quartermaster's Department in Washington for the
support and attention given me in the transaction of my official busi-
ness during the fiscal year.
With high respect, I am your most obedient servant,
RUFUS INGALLS,
Bvt. Maj, Oen. of Vols., Chief Q. M. Armies before Richmond.
No. 87.*
No. 88.
Chief Quartermaster's Office,
Washington Depot, August SI, 1866.
Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
Quartermaster- Oeneral U. 8, Army:
General: Pursuant to General Orders, No. 39, current series,
Quartermaster-General's Office, of Jul^^ 1, 1865, 1 have the honor to
submit my annual report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865.
My annual report of the duties performed at this depot for the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1864, in accordance with Greneral Orders,
* For report of Bvt. Haj. Gen. J. L. Donaldson, chief quartermaster Depart-
ment of the Comherland, dated June 80, 1865 (here omitted) , see Series I, YoL LU,
Part I, p. 680.
UNIOK AUTHORITIES. 387
No. 29, Qnartermaster^OenerarB Office, July 6, 1864, was sent by
messenger September 6, 1864.
For the purpose of expediting biisiness and keeping the various
operations at this depot distinct from each other, the organization of
the several branches, as given below, has been continued during the
year. They are as follows :
I. Army-wagon transportation, repair shops, &c., under the per-
sonal charge of Bvt. Col. Charles H. Tompkins, quartermaster.
II. Ocean and river transportation, payments of freight, (fee, under
the sui>ervision of Capt. Edward S. Allen, assistant quartermaster.
m. Chartering and payment of chartered vessels, in charge of
Capt. John R. Jennings, assistant quartermaster, succeeded by Capt.
James G. Payne, assistant quartermaster.
IV. Contracts for victualing U. S. chartered transports, steam-boat
and ship supplies, transportation by canal, &c., under the care of
Capt. Henry B. Lacey, assistant quartermaster.
Y. Railroad transportation, express, Ac, under the charge ot
Capt. Benjamin Burton, assistant quartermaster.
YI. Transportation of ordnance and ordnance stores at U. S.
Arsenal, in care of Capt. Curtis S. Barrett, assistant quartermaster.
YII. Purchase and issue of quartermaster's supplies, interment of
deceased soldiers, with the manufacture of coffins, headboards, stoves,
tinware, desks, <fec. ; care of cemeteries at Soldiers' Home, Arlington^
Fort Stevens, ^c, under the supervision of Capt. James M. Moore,
assistant quartermaster.
Vin. Receiving and issuing forage, in charge of Capt. Edward S.
Allen, assistant quartermaster, succeeded by Capt. Samuel B. Lauffer,
assistant quartermaster.
IX. In charge of Soldiers' Rest, providing meals and quarters for
soldiers in transitu, Ac, Bvt. Maj. Erskine M. Camp, assistant quar-
termaster.
X. In charge of construction and repairs, hiring quarters, grounds^
hospitals, offices, wharves, and payment of various employes. Cap!
Elisha E. Camp, assistant quartenpaster, succeeded by Capt. John H
CroweU, assistant quartermaster.
XI. Receiving and issuing clothing, camp and garrison equipage^
Ac, under the direction of Military Store-keeper Daniel G. Thomas.
Xn. The branch depot of Alexandria, Va., has been under th(
BUi)ervision of Bvt. Lieut. Col. James G. C. Lee, assistant quarter
master.
Xm. The foUowiDg-named officers, in addition, have also been oi
duty at this depot and Alexandria during the year, or for shon
periods of it:
(1) Capt. Calvin Baker, assistant quartermaster; (2) Capt. R. S.
Lacey, assistant quartermaster; (3) Capt. John V. Furey, assistant
quartermaster; (4) Capt. Thomas G. Whytal, assistant quartermaster;
(5) Capt. S. R. Hamill, assistant quartermaster; (6) Capt. W. W.
Van Ness [assistant quartermasterf; (7) Lieut. E. R. Graves, Third
West Virginia Cavalry; (8) Capt. S. W. Hoskios, assistant quarter-
master; (9) Capt. B. O. Carr, assistant quartermaster; (10) Capt. Isaac
N. Buck, assistant quartermaster, and (11) Capt. James GiUiss,
assistant quartermaster, still remaining.
Defense of Washington, — At the commencement of this fiscal year
a command of rebel troops invaded Maryland, burned Chambersburg,
Pa., and threatened Baltimore. After the battle of Monocacy, in
which a portion of the Sixth Army Corps, just arrived, were engaged.
388 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
they advanoed upon Washington. All available troops were ordered
to meet them, guards in the city were withdrawn and their places
supplied in part by the quartermaster employes, who were armed for
that purpose.
On the 11th of July, 2,600 of these employ^ were sent to occupy
the rifle-pits in the vicinity of Fort Slocum, where they remained
until their services were no longer required. This was made the sub-
ject of a special report sent you on the 3d of August, 1864, to which
you are respectfully referred for particulars.
The timely arrival of portions of the Sixth and Nineteenth Army
Corps assured the safety of the city, and the rebels were driven back,
but not without some loss.
Battle Cemetery, — By your directions a cemetery, to contain the
bodies of those who fell in defense of the Nation's capital, was laid out
near Fort Stevens, on the spot consecrated by their blood.
Repairs to canal, — ^The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal being neces-
sary for the easy and rapid supply of the troops in pursuit of the dis-
comfited rebels, a construction force was sent to repair the locks, Ac.,
injured or destroyed by the rebel forces.
Stores issued and forwarded. — ^The Sixth and Nineteenth Army
Corps had their land transportation renewed and placed in effective
condition before leaving, and the canal was used as a means of for-
warding supplies of grain and stores. At the same time, requisitions
for artillery and ambulance horses and mules, to supply the wants of
the Armies operating against Richmond, were promptly filled and for-
warded to City Point by water, and large numbers of vessels were in
use forwarding forage and supplies to the same place, while grain,
forage, and stores were forwarded by canal to Harper's Ferry and the
mouth of the Monocacy.
Teamsters. — The number of teamsters at the dexK>t being g^reatly
reduced by fitting out the Sixth and Nineteenth Army Corps, I was
obliged not only to advertise, but to send to Philadelphia and other
portions of Pennsylvania to supply the want, as the services of con-
trabands could not be obtained in the Dei>artment of Washington.
Unclaimed clothing dyed for irregular issue. — The warehouses being
filled with accumulations of unclaimed clothing, camp and garrison
equipage, <fec., and the room required for other stores. Captain Moore
was oidered to turn it in to the military store-keeper, and to take
receipts for the same; portions of which were afterward washed and
dyed for issue to contrabands and prisoners of war during the
approaching winter.
Employis sent to Manassas to feU timber.—ln addition to the daily
duties of the mechanics at the several repair shops in fitting up
wl^^ons and ambulances that had become unserviceable, constructing
buildings, &c., they, with laborers and other employ^, were engaged
for about two weeks in felling timber for a distance of a mile on each
side of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, in the neighborhood of
Manassas, in order to break up the lurking-places of guerrillas, under
the direction of Brig. Gen. D. C. McCallum, superintendent of Mili-
tary Railroads.
Horses turned over to Cavalry Bureau. — ^Early in September, the
Cavaliy Bureau having taken the entire charge of all horses, the artil-
lery horses then in depot were turned over to it, and were afterward,
with necessary cavaliy horses, issued from Giesborough depot.
Hospitals, quarters, &c., erected. — A large force of carpenters was
employed by Captain Camp, assistant quartermaster, and after he was
UNION AUTHORITIES, 889
relieved, to take charge of the depot at City Point, by Captoiin Crowell,
assistant quartermaster, in making additions and repairs to the
various hospitals in and aroand the city, to render them comfortable
for the winter, building quarters for regiments of Veteran "Reserve
Ck)rps stationed in the city, and guards at the several hospitals, of
which reports and drawings, with their cost, were forwarded to you
each month. For details you are I'espectfuUy referred to the annual
report on this subject sent you by Capt. John H. Crowell, assistant
quartermaster; but the amount of building, repairs, &c^ during the
first four months of this year, conducted by Capt. £. £. Camp, assist-
ant quartermaster^ is, of course, not included therein.
PrecatUions against incendiaries, — Information having been received
of an organization to burn the Northern cities, the quartermaster
employes, now regularly organized and drilled by company and bat-
talion, were ordered on duty at night and the number of watchmen
increased. By my direction an officer of the depot was detailed each
night to perform duty as officer of the day, visiting each shop, ware-
house, and corral, from G^rgetown to the Eastern Branch, including
the Sixth Street Wharf and Kendall Green, which occupied their time
from 10 o'clock at night till daylight, to see that the guards and watch-
men were on the alert; which duty they performed during a portion
of the month of December, and until these guards were relieved by
enlisted men of the Veteran Reserve Corps.
This vigilance prevented any attempt to destroy the large amount
of stores necessarily kept on hand.
To give a prompt alarm in case of fire, alarm-boxes were put up at
different points to connect with the city telegraph lines put in oper^
ation in February; fire-plugs were also erected at several of the repair
shops and warehouses.
iroops to City Point. — ^Early in December the Sixth and General
Cox's division of the Eighth Army Corps [sic] were refitted in mules,
wagons, and stores, and shipped to City Point.
Danger from ice. — Apprehending inconvenience and delay to water
transportation by the formation of ice in the river during the winter,
I applied for and received two ice-boats, and ordered all the Govern-
ment transports to be plated with suitable iron above and below the
water-line, to prevent being cut through by the ice.
Troops forwarded. — During the months of December and January
the water transportation branch, besides the routine duty of forward-
ing quartermaster's supplies, beef -cattle, commissary stores, and ord-
nance to City Point, was fully occupied in sending forward Hayes'
division. Crook's command, and the Provisional Brigade, West Vir-
ginia troops, from the Shenandoah Valley, and General Schofield's
command from Tennessee.
Hay barges frozen in. — My apprehensions in regard to ice proved
well founded. Forage barges passing through the canal from Phila-
delphia to the Chesapeake Bay were frozen in, and the supply of hay
on hand was soon exhausted by the increased number of animals
belonging to the above-mentioned troops.
In want of hay. — Capt. H. B. Lacey, assistant quartermaster, was
dispatched the latter part of January with tug-boats to extricate these
barges, but without success. I was obliged, in consequence, to send
trains of wagons into the country to bring what hay could be pur-
chased from the farmers, by which means a supply sufficient for part
of a ration was kept up. These purchases were continued throughout
the month of March.
890 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Ice blockade. — The cold weather still continning, I was obliged to
order the mail-boats, which had during the year kept up a daily line
of communication between this city and City Point, to land at Annap-
olis, and the mails and passengers were transported to and from that
point by rail. This continued, with an intermission of about four
days, from the 26th of January to the 2l8t of February, inclusive,
being twenty-three days of ice blockade, which had not occurred
before during the war.
Oeneral Schqfidd^s army shipped. — ^It was during this period that
the army of General Schofield arrived. The first shipment of the
Second Division, Twenty-third Army Corps, animals and baggage,
was made from Alexandria; but the ice having again formed, a
brigade of 2,000 men, together with Crcneral Meagher's division, num-
bering 5,000 men, were forwarded by rail to Annapolis, and from
thence by sea-going steamers. The rest of this command, after being
refitted, embarked at Alexandria for North Carolina.
Coal exhausted. — ^At the commencement of winter I had laid in a
store of 15,000 tons of stove coal for issue to hospitals, officers, Ac,
considering it sufficient for winter use, but early in the spring, this
amount being exhausted, I was obliged to have a further supply sent
daily by rail from Baltimore, amounting in the aggregate to about
5,000 tons.
Forage barges released. — ^The weather having moderated and ice in
the river fast disappearing, Captain Lacey was again ordered on the
20th of February to Chesapeake City to release the forage barges
frozen in the canal, which arrived here during the month of March.
Vessels for prisoners of war. — During the last week of February
large shipments of cattle and stores, including the wagon transporta-
tion of General Schofield's army, were being sent to the front, when
this depot was again called upon to furnish transportation for pris-
oners of war from Fort Delaware to City Point. Shipments of stores
were also regularly made to supply the wants of the Army of the
Shenandoah.
Organized employes on duty. — On the 4th of March, owing to the
great influx of persons into the city, some of whom might be contem-
plating mischief, the quartermaster employ^, by request of .Major-
General Halleck, Chief of Staff, were kept on duty day and night at
their several armories, and the quartermaster's steam fire brigade at
their engine houses, in readiness for any calls that might be made
upon them.
Guards increased. — The guards at the warehouses and shops were
doubled and so continued for about a week, and every precaution was
taken to insure the preservation and security of the Government
property.
Supplies for Oeneral Sherman. — General Sherman's army having
reached North Carolina, a force of carpenters was sent forward to
Morehead City to erect warehouses for the reception of stores to be
sent for the supply of the troops in that vicinity. Such light-draft
steamers as could be obtained, with a number of barges, were loaded
with supplies and forwarded by the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal.
JPYre8.— On the 1st of April the fire at headquarters Department of
Washington occurred, which consumed the temporary buildings
erected for its use. Here, as well as at the fire of the Smithsonian
Institution, the quartermaster's steam fire brigade did good service and
prevented these fires being more destructive, especially as no very
effective assistance could be rendered by the common hand engines
of the city corporation then in use.
UKION AUTHORITIES. 391
FdU of Richmond.—The grand combinations of the lieutenant-
general culminated early in April in the fall of Richmond, the capitu-
kition of the armies of Generalls Lee and Johnston, and the subsequent
collapse of the rebellion. Large numbers of prisoners were taken,
and every available vessel was drawn from this depot to transport
them from City Point to Point Lookout, Ac.
PrecautioTis against fire. — ^During the first week in April, when
the loyal States were electrified by these successes, and illuminations
were so frequent, unusual care and watchfulness were exercised to
prevent any disasters from fire. Water-buckets were placed in every
building and filled ready for use, and watchmen were doubled. I am
happy to be able to state that owing to this vigilance no disaster
occurred.
Assassinaiion of the President. — ^The 14th of April will ever be mem-
orable on account of the dastardly attempt to assassinate the chief
officers of the Government, which, in the case of the lamented Ftesi-
dent, proved too successful. The perpetrator of this infamous act
having escaped from the city, it was supposed he would endeavor to
find his way through Virginia to the more southern States. Tug-
boats, with a few armed men on each, were ordered to patrol the
waters of the Potomac and Patuxent, with instructions to examine all
vessels and boats, with a view to the arrest of the criminal, and were
continued on this duty until after his capture and death. Cavalry
were also forwarded by water to Chapel Point, Md. , and a daily line of
steamers carrying mails and stores was put in operation during their
stay.
His fumercX, — This depot also took an active part in the prepara-
tions made for the President's funeral, and two battalions of its armed
and drilled employ^ formed part of the mournful cortege that fol-
lowed his remains to the Capitol.
Grand review. — On the 2M and 24th of May the review of the
grand armies of the United States, assembled in the vicinity, took
place, for which preparations had been made by the mechajiics at
this depot in erecting sheltered seats for the occupancy of the Presi-
dent, Cabinet oficers, members of the diplomatic corps, (fee, on both
sides of Pennsylvania avenue opx>06ite the Executive Mansion. Ambu-
lances were also hit'Ched up and held in readiness to remove any of
the troops who might be overcome by the heat upon this march.
T^roops to he mustered out and smt home. — ^The War Department
having ordered the muster out of service and return to their several
homes of a lai^e number of these trooi)s, the railroad from this city
was tasked to its utmost to provide them transportation ; and, besides
its ordinary traffic, in two months, from the 29th of May, safely removed
about 200,000 officers and men, with 12,000 horses and 4,000,000 pounds
of baggage. For details of this movement and all transportation by
rail I resjiectf ully refer you to the annual report of Capt. Benjamin
Burton, assistant quartermaster, the officer in charge of that branch
of the depot.
Transportaiion to refugees. — ^Transportation has also been furnished
by rail and boat to indigent refugees and others to various points in
the Southern States upon the orders of General O. O. Howard, in
charge of the Freedmen's Bureau.
Army ^ansportoMon turned in. — ^Large numbers of mules and
wagons, composing the transportation of the Armies operating against
Ridimond, and General Sherman's army, being turned in, it was
thought best to send the mules to graze, not only to improve their
392 GOBRB&FOKDEKCE, ETC.
condition, but to save exx^nse, and to prevent disease from having
so large a number congregated together.
Orcusing camps. — Grazing camps were accordingly established at
various points in Maryland and Virginia, contiguous to the city, from
which the best results were obtained.
Trains to LouisviUe. — One thousand six-mule teams complete, with
2,000 extra mules, making 8,000 in all, were also, by order of the lieu-
tenant-general, started from this point for Louisville, Ky., in four
divisions, under the charge of Captains Whetsel, Winslow, Wilson,
and Mead, of the Quartermaster's Department.
Aiiction sales. — The accumulation of such a lau^ge amount of wagons
of various patterns, harness, and animals, which were no longer neces-
sary for army purposes, selections of the best were made by your
order. Sales at auction of the remainder were commenced and con-
tinued through the month of June. For details of these sales, and
all other matters connected with the land transportation branch of
the depot, I most resx)ectf uUy refer you to the annual report, to be
made to you direct, by Bvt. Col. Charles H. Tompkins, quartermas-
ter, the officer in charge.
Officers conmiended. — I take great pleasure in bringing to your
notice the ability and energy displayed by the several officers sta-
tioned at this depot in the discharge of duties which at tunes were
peculiarly arduous and embarrassing, and for which three of them
have been rewarded by brevet rank.
CapL E. S. AUeUj assistant quartermasier. — ^In this connection I
cannot help asking your attention to my communication of May 5,
recommending Capt. Edward S. Allen, assistant quartermaster, in
charge of water transportation, and whose duties have been so ably
and satisfactorily pei^ormed, for brevet, which I think he so richly
merits.
As these officers will report to you direct the operations of their
respective branches during the fiscal year, I respectfully refer you to
those reports for details.
Conduct of quartermasier' s employes. — I also desire to express my
satisfaction at the willingness and unanimity that have character-
ized the conduct of the several employ^, and the heartiness with
which they entered upon the performance of duties not properly
belonging to them as mechanics and laborers, in perfecting themselves
in drill, and in going out under military organization to perform neces-
sary labor that could not be supplied from any other source.
Shipments. — ^Besides the constant duty of supplying stores to the
large armies before Richmond, and to the troops while in West Vir-
ginia and the Shenandoah Valley, transportation has been furnished
troops and stores to New Berne, Wilmington, Hilton Head, and
Savannah.
Assistance rendered. — ^Assistance of a more general character has
been rendered when necessary during the year, of which I only
mention the following: One hundred cords of wood and twenty-five
tons of coal were loaned in the depth of winter, from the supply on
hand at Alexandria, to the city corporation of that place, when it
could not otherwise be obtained, and by the timely receipt of which
a large amount of suffering to the poor was prevented. Five hun-
dred barrels of flour were transported from Georgetown for the
American Union Commission, destined for the poor of Petersburg and
Richmond, and barracks at the Virginia end of the Long Bridge were
UNION AUTH0BITIE8. 393
set apart for the shelter of refugees from the Southern States whom
the fortunes of war had thrown into the city.
Favors hy the MUUary Railroad Department, — I am indebted to the
Military Railroad Department for many favors, in furnishing pump
logs, laying railroad track, and enlarging and placing in the most
excellent order the wharves at the foot of Sixth street.
Business of the depot — The business of the depot has been very
large during the year, as will be seen by reference to the detailed
reports, and has been conducted with a view to the greatest ef^ciency,
combined with the greatest economy.
No defalcaiion.--l am happy to be able to state that although the
large sum $8,500,000 has been disbursed, yet no instance of i>ecula-
tion or defalcation has occurred.
The officers' accounts have been sent in to the department with
regularity and promptness, and the numberless reports asked for,
voluminous correspondence required, has been conducted with
dispatch.
I append a statement of moneys received and disbursed during the
year, which is the only form required of me by your Order No. 39.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
D. H. RUCKER,
Bvt. Maj. Gen. and Chief Quartermaster Depots Washington^ D. C.
Annual cash statement for theflsoal year ending June SO, 1866,
RSCBIFTS.
Amoont on hand July 1,1864 $1,785,745.86
ATPonnt received from officers |947. 11
Amoont received from United States,
oertificatefl $1,847,643.00
Amoont received from United States,
cash 5,084,652,48
fr »»fi2 104 48
Sales of clothing to officers 28,258.00
Sales of condemned clothing, camp and
garrison eqnipage 88,048.84
61,801.48
From treasorer of Smithaonian Institntion 1,074.25
Correction of errors taken np 10.80
7,846,487.07
Total receipts in the year 0,682,182.48
DIBBUBSBMBNT8.
As per Abstract B 82,884,820.65
As per Abstract 6b 5,086,687.64
Intemal-rerenne tax 627.84
Balance of errors taken np 70.80
Total amount of disbursements 8,822,065.88
Balance on hand 810,117.10
0,682,182.48
The balance on hand is deposited in the First National Bank, Washington, D. C.
D. H. BUCKEB,
Brevet Major-Otneral and Quartermaster,
No. 89.*
* For report of Bvt. Brig. Oen. L. C. Easton, dated Angost 18, 1865 (here omitted) ,
see Series I, Vol. LU, Part I, p. 606.
894
00RRE8P0NDENCE, ETC.
No. 90.
HSADQUARTERS MiLITART DIVISION OF THB MISSISSIPPI,
Morehead City, N. C, March 16, 1866.
Maj. Gen. M. C. Mbigs,
Quariernnasier'Genercd U. 8. Army, Washingi^m, D. C:
General: In obedience to instructions contained in your letter of
the 26th of December, 1864, I have the honor to make the following
report:
From the 14th to the 25th of October last found me at Chattanooga,
Tenn. , hurrying and giving all the assistance in my power to the repair
of the road from Chattanooga to Atlanta, which had been destroyed
by General Hood's army. On the 26th I joined General Sherman at
Gaylesville, a small town about thirty miles west of Rome, Ga., where
I received his orders, and proceeded the next day to Atlanta, Oa., by
his direction, to suxMrintend the removal of all stores, citizens. Rick,
Ac, from that place to Chattanooga. On entering upon this duty I
found the accumulation of supplies and the number of sick, wounded,
and negroes surprisingly large for the short time we had occupied
the pla^. The removal of the whole, except some property not worth
transportation, was accomplished by the 12th of November, 1864, and
the army of General Sherman commenced its march from Atlanta to
Savannah, Ga., on the 15th of November, 1864.
The army consisted of four corps of infantry and one cavalry
division, as follows, viz:
Foartaenth Corps.,
Fifteenth Corp*...
Seventeenth Corpe.
Twentieth Cetpa..
OATaliyoorpe
TMal
Men.
Horaee. Males.
16,680
18.000
U,000
14,000
6.000
88.880
1,408
2,164
2,156
1.740
7,00b
14,4
4.486
6.726
8,107
4,341
1.800
18,410
Wegons.
2,620
Amba-
671
112
668
146
885
n
608
166
800
The following was ordered as the allowance of transportation for
baggage, Ac, on the march.
One wagon to each regiment; two wagons to each brigade head-
quarters; three wagons to each division head({uarters; five wagons to
each corps headquarters; one wagon to each battery (there was one
battery to each division).
The balance of the transportation was directed to be distributed as
follows, viz:
Three wagons to each division for hospital purposes; one wagon to
every 100 men, including artillery for ammunition, and the remainder,
1,476 wagons, was used in transporting forage and subsistence, Ac.
The army started from Atlanta with four days' grain.
The subsistence transported for the whole army was as follows, viz:
Hard-bread, 20 days' rations; salt meat, 5 days' rations; sugar and
coffee, 30 days' rations; soap, rice, candles, 5 days' rations; salt, 80
days' rations.
The quantity of salt taken proved unnecessary, as we found it in
great abundance in the country passed through.
The army started from Atlanta with 5,476 head of beef-cattle in
addition to the above.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 895
The first grain received waa at King's Bridge, on the Ogeechee
River. It arrived there and was issued on the 18th of December, so
the animals of the army subsisted on the country twenty-nine days
(we started with four days' grain), which makes at least 11,145,792
pounds of grain and 15,177,344 pounds of fodder and hay taken from
the country and consumed by the army on the march. This is a low
estimate of the forage taken from the country, as beef -cattle were fed
on the whole route as much as they would eat, and the number of
horses, mules, and beef -cattle varied from day to day, all increasing
in numbers. I inclose you a statement of beef-cattle captured, ifec,
marked B.
After Greneral Hood cut the Chattanooga and Atlanta Railroad the
animals of the army suffered for want of forage, and a large number
of them became very much reduced in flesh and were quite weak
when the army commenced its march from Atlanta. This accounts
for the large number of animals that gave out and were shot on the
road. Ilie character of the mules captured was superior, a small
sized or inferior one being seldom met with.
On tiie arrival of the army in front of Savannah the condition of
its animals was far better than it was at the commencement of its
march. Those animals that had strength suficient at the start
improved daily, and those that failed and gave out were replaced by
a l>Btter class of mules than we found in the trains at starting.
Tliere is no way of arriving at the quantity of subsistence taken
from the country, but the whole army fared sumptuously and the
animals were never better fed. During the whole march and until
we took a position before Savannah both men and animals had all
they could desire in the way of food.
The army marched by corps and on roads as near parallel to each
other as could be found. Each corps had its pontoon train and each
division its pioneer force, and with these organizations streams were
crossed, roads repaired, and sometimes made, without retarding the
movements of the troops.
The management of trains differed somewhat in each corps, but I
think the best arrangement was where the train of the corps followed
immediately after its troops, with a strong rear guard, in the follow-
ing order:
First. Corps headquarters baggage wagons.
Second. Division headquarters baggage wagons.
Third. Brigade headquarters baggage wagons.
Fourth. Reigpmaental headquarters baggage wagons.
Fifth. Empty wagons, to be loaded with forage and other supplies
taken from the country, with the proper details for loading them.
Sixth. Ammunition train.
Seventh. Ambulance train.
Eighth. Greneral supply train.
As the empty wagons reached farm-houses and other points where
supplies could be obtained a sufficient number were turned out of
the road to take all at the designated point, and so on through the
day until the empty wagons were loaded, making it a rule to take
the first supplies come to, and to leave none on the road until all the
wagons were loaded. The empty wagons could be loaded by the time
the rear of the general supply train came up to them, and they would
fall into their proper places in the rear of their division trains, if in
time, or in the rear of the general supply train, without retarding the
inarch. This arrangement worked well, and is probably as go^ as
896 COBBESFONDEKGE, ETC.
any tliat conld be made for procuring supplies. As a general thing
the wagons were required to go but a short distance from the line of
march to obtain supplies, there being sufficient near by.
Hogs, turkeys, geese, ducks, and chickens were killed and brought
to the road by foraging parties sent out at the head of each column,
and loaded into wagons as they came up. The captured beef-cattle
and sheep were driven along in their proper places and killed as
required. Sweet potatoes of the finest kind were found in great
abundance immediately on the road; also turnips, which were gener-
ally of an inferior quality.
The portable forge is almost entirely done away with in G^eneral
Sherman's army. Nearly all the officers prefer carrying a small-sized
bellows, using any ordinary box filled with dirt as a fire-box. The
bellows is swung between two stakes, usually cut from the woods or
taken from some fence, driven into the ground, with a piece nailed
across the top to suspend the bellows handle. The box (usually a
bread box) is placed at its proper height on four forks or stakes
driven into the ground, with pieces laid from one to the other to set
the box on. They transport simply the bellows, anvil, and tools,
making use of any empty box or barrel for a fire-box. Nearly all the
iron-work on the march from Atlanta to Savannah was done with forges
of this description. Officers prefer this arrangement to the x>ortable
forge, because it does not get out of order and gives a better heat.
Since writing this I have received a circular describing Capt. John
H. Dickerson's portable forge, which is, I presume, got up from this
idea. In the absence of portable forges I would suggest the plan
for a forge now used in General Sherman's army, which answers every
purpose.
There is one little thing which has been practiced by experienced
officers for many years, which would be a great economy in both
wagon sheets and wagon bows if officers generally could be made to
adopt it; that is, to put their side boards ten or twelve inches wide on
all wagons. Wagons are loaded far above their sides; heavy articles
are frequently put on top, and over rough roads jar against a bow,
snapping it off, or coming between the bows, burst out the sheet.
The side boards running the whole length of the wagon and pressing
against all the bows prevents this difficulty, and also prevents the
loading from coming against a wet sheet. A thin light board of this
kind adds very little to the weight of the wagon, and is a great pro-
tection to wagon bows and sheets.
For campaigning I would much prefer a wagon made with stand-
ards to the bo&ter and over the hind axle, so that the body can be
readily lifted off and removed from the running-gear; this will be a
great economy in wagon-beds, as a great many of them are ruined on
a march in hauling heavy timber for bridges, poles for corduroy, Ac,
to say nothing of the convenience of loading, particularly long timber,
and making short turns in the woods to get the wagon into X)Osition
to load. Another advantage is, that on a rainy day the wagon body
can be set on the ground, and the loading kept in it as dry as if it were
on its wheels.
In camps and, in fact, about garrisons, where wood is obtained
from the forest, and where officers do not take the trouble to make
wood-racks, a great many wagon-beds are crushed out and ruined by
loading firewood on them. With standards wood could be cut long
and loaded between them.
These are small things, but should the suggestions be followed I
think they would prove a convenience and economy in the end.
UNION AUTH0BITIE8.
397
Immediately on the receipt of your letter of the 26th December last,
directing me to call on the chief quartermasters of General Sherman's
army for reports of the operations of the Quartermaster's Department
on the campaign from Atlanta to Savannah, I called on the cMef quar-
termasters of the two wings and of the different corps for reports. I
have not as yet been able to get reports from either Colonel Conklin,
chief quartermaster of the Right Wing, Lieut. CoL G. L. Fort or
Lieut. Ck>i. E. M. Joel, chief quartermasters of the Fifteenth and
Seventeenth Army Corps.* My report would have been forwarded
sooner had I not waited to get rex>orts from these officers. I have
finally concluded to make it without them. I will forward these
reports as soon as received.
I inclose you a vtatement of captured and abandoned animals,
marked A. I inclose also the reports of Maj. G. E. Dunbar, chief
quartermaster of the Cavalry corps; Capt. J. £. Remington, chief
quartermaster (acting) of the Fourteenth Army Corps, and of Capt.
H. M. Whittelsey, acting chief quartermaster of the Twentieth Army
Corps.
I am, general, your obedient servant,
L. C. EASTON,
Brevet Brigadier-Chneraly Chief Qtiartermaster,
A.— Statement of the number of aninhols captured, abandoned, died, killed, dbc.,
by the army under Maj. Oen. W, T. Sherman, on the march from Atlanta to
Savaujiah, from November 15 to December eo, ISG4.
CmmnaBd.
Hfladqiurtani HUitery Dirlaioii of the UlMisiippi
Foarteentb Anoy Corps
Beventoeath Annr Cwp*
Fiftaentli Aimy Corp*
Twentieth Army Corps
CsTslry oonmiftiul*- ••...•••
Tint Michiican Eugineers ,'.'.'.".
Total
Cq»tursd.
Hones. Moles. Totel.
3
645
562
506
410
1,414
10
8.450
25
1.402
1.064
641
1,020
T78
5
4,980
38
1,047
1,626
1.147
1,490
2,187
15
8,880
▲budoned. died, fto.
Hones. Kales. ToteL
4
310
<a)
50
402
2,948
7
8,116
11
447
(a)
193
524
408
20
1,609
15
757
(a)
248
926
2,761
27
4,719
a No report.
L. C. EASTON,
Brevet Brigadier-Oeneral and Chief Quartermaeter.
B.— Statement of cattle on hand at Atlanta, captured en route to Savannah,
slaughtered, and remaining on hand when army arrived at Savannah, Oa,
CommsDd. On hand.
Captorea.
Total.
Slanghtend.
Remaining.
Twentieth Anny Corps
429 2,204
2,047 ' 500
} 1, 000 j 10, 500
2,683
2,637
889
70
1,7M
2,617
Fourteenth Army Corps
Fffi^tfith Arniy Corps . . . -
11,500
9,000
2,500
Total
3.476
13,294
16,770
9,909
6.861
Kan.— In addition to this there were aboat 2,000 in droves not oonneeted with the troops.
A. BECKWITH,
Chief Commissary of Subsistence, Colonel and Aidede-Camp.
♦For Port's report (subsequently received), see No. 98, p. 404.
898 GOBRBSPOIVDENGSi ETC.
No. 91.
Office Chief QnA^TBRMASTBR, Twentieth Army Corps,
Savannah^ ffo., Jamw/ry i80, 1866.
Bvt. Briff. Gen. L. C. Easton,
(fhief Qiuirtermaster Military Division of the Mississippi:
General: In compliance with the requirements of the letter of the
Quartermaster-General of the 26th ultimo, I respectfully submit the
following memoirs upon the march of the trains and upon the oper-
ations of the quartermaster's department of this corps since the army
left Atlanta, including all operations up to the occupation of
Savannah.
The tabular statements herewith inclosed are copies of a report
made by me to the general commanding this corps, and embrace the
following statements:
First. Of the amount of f orag^e taken from the country in foraging
expeditions sent out under my direction, by which the animals of the
army were fed when supplies were cut off by the enemjr's destruction
of our railroad communications.
Second. Of the number of animals captured, lost, abandoned, and
killed, and of the amount of forage taken from the country on the
march.
Third. Of the movements of the trains of this corps, the time of
breaking and going into camp, showing the distance made each day,
the place of encampment, the state of the weather, the condition of
the roads, and remarks referring to the operations of the troops, so
far as they came under my observation.
The means of transportation of this corps on the 31st of October con-
sisted of 794 army wagons and 110 two-horse ambulances. This num-
ber was reduced by turning in a large number of vehicles. We began
the march with 598 army wagons and 105 ambulances. Of these we
did not lose one.
The animals had while in Atlanta been kept at constant labor in
transporting to Bough and Ready the baggage of iMrsons going south
when ordered to leave the city, and in work upon the fortifications
thrown up by our own troops while holding that place. They had
suffered, too, greatly for the want of forage before the foraging expe-
ditions were sent out. Hence, on the march, we lost or had to aban-
don a large number of animals, but were able to more than replace
them with stock taken from the country. This was greatly sui>erior
to any I had ever seen in Gk>vemment service. We entered Savannah
with animals on an average 100 per cent, better than tjbose we started
with; we brought to Savannah few empty wagons; we had on hand
every pound of artillery ammunition and almost every x>ound of
small-arm ammunition. No large amount of subsistence stores, except
hard-bread, was taken from the train, whilst, on the other huid, a
large amount of property of various kinds was added to the loadings.
Tlie troops lived luxuriously and the animals were generously f^.
The composition of the column with which we moved was admirable.
With a pontoon train, a corps of engineers, and the infantry in part
unincumbered and in part distributed along the trains, no impediments
delayed us long. We could corduroy many miles of road, rebuild or
construct bridges, and bring our wagons through almost bottomless
swamps and over almost impracticable roads.
I cannot suggest any defects in organization, personal or material,
of the department as shown by the results of this campaign; on t^e
UNION AUTHORITIES.
899
contrary, everything seemed to prove the ability, foresight, and skill
of the generals oommanding and of the chief^ of the several staff
departments. I am at a loss, too, within the limited space allowed me
to set forth the manifold incidents of the march, which was fall of
interest and information. The experience of commanding ofAcers and
of ofKoers of every department was greatly enlarged. That experience
will hereafter enable the one with wisdom and the other with compe-
tent knowledge to conduct campaigns which will add luster to our
arms and greatly promote the interests of our Government with a
small loss of life and little expenditure of means.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
Your obedient servant,
HENRY M. WHIITELSEY,
Capt and Acig. Chief Quartermaster Twentieth Army Corps.
Report of foraging expedUions sent out by the Twentieth Army Corps, Army of
the Cumberland, from Atlanta, Oa., October, IS64.
1864.
Oct. 18
Brigadiw-0«nena Geary, 420
SeooDd DivleloB. Capt.
Q. L. Parker, aaalatant
onart<eniUMter.
Oolonel RoblnsOD, Third 671
Brt(cade, Flrat IMylalon,
Capt B. P.6ravee«aeelat*
ant q oartermaater .
Golonel Dnatin, Second Bri-
gade, TUrd DlTision,
Capt. K. Slunmera', aaaiat-
ant onartenDaater.
BrifadierOeneral Geary, 692
Second Dirleion, Capt.
O. L. Parker, aaalatant
qnartMmaeter.
Total.
61
(a); (a)
<a)
Poundi.
393. goo
Sobalatence aappUea.
Po%Md9.
2B,200 Cattle, aheep.hoga.
991,488 80,000 ! Poultry, lard, batter.
607,880
90,000
80,000
Meal, honey, aimp, A«.
1,933,468
138.200 !
aVehideeof all
The trains of the following commandB were snppUed with forage obtained on
these expeditions : Fourth Corpe, Fonrteenth Corps, Fifteenth Ck>rp6, Seventeenth
Corps, and Twentieth Corps, headauarters Department of the Cumberland ; med-
ical supply, Department of the Cumberland; Cavalry division; Signal Corps,
Department of the Cumberland ; ordnance, Department of the Cumberland, bat-
teries ; Missouri Engineers, Michig^an Engineers, post and detachments.
The following is we number of animals fed :
Horace.
Mulee.
TwenUeth Corpe ' 1,«31
Other eomnuuKU , 409
Totol ! %m
8,M2
3.884
7.688
400
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Rmort of animala andforage eaptured, of animcUa lout, killed^ and abandoned
oy Twentieth Army (forpit^ Left Wing, Army of Oeorgia, on the march from
Atlanta to Savannah, (fa., from November IS to Deetmber tl, I864.
AAimala
oaptnred.
Antaiala
loat,
killed, and
Fofflfe taken from oonntry.
Commuid.
s
1
1
1
i
1
1
Twentietb Anny Corp*-
00TIW supply tod ATtlUflry
tniiM,Cap(. J. A. Sohoen.
inger.actfaff aaaUtant
qaartennMiiv.
Bow«, Actiiig aasistant
qnmrtenBMter.
Flint UivlaSon, Capt G. B.
GadwalBfdw, aanlttiint
quMtenBMter.
Seoond DiTlakm, Capt. O. L.
Parker, aaalatant qnarter-
ThSd n[Tltion. Capt H. ▲.
Laoey, aaalatant qnarter-
maatar.
186
9
20
84
112
217
46
174
807
317
246
32
10
88
82
166
17
10
82
82
Ptotmd*.
160,000
47. 7M
888,008
289,481
848,187
Potnidii.
210,000
Ptoirndt.
96,000
17,094
100,000
88,000
260.000
Cattle, sheep, hoga.
Poultry, Ao.
409,119
282,600
160,000
Total
41U i.oao
408
524
1.227,984
1.091.019
650.694
Report of movements of trains Twentieth Army Corvs^ Left Wing,
Army of Georgia, on the march from AHarua to SavannaJi^ Oa,,
NovemSer 15 to December SI, 186^.
Headquarters Twentieth Army Corps,
Office Chief Quartermaster,
Savannah, Qa., Jantuiry 19, 1865,
Tuesday, November 15. — Left camp 9 a. m. ; arrived at Stone Moun-
tain 5 p. m.; distance, 16 miles; roads good; weather fine. Left
Atlanta; the public buildings destroyed and part of the city on fire.
Wednesday, November 16. — ^Left camp 9.30 a. m. ; arrived at
McGuire's farm 4.30 p. m. ; distance, 8 miles; roads good; weather
fine.
Thursday, November 17. — ^Left camp 7.30 a. m.; arrived at near
Cornish Creek 6.30 p. m.; distance, 15 miles; roads good; weather
fine.
Friday, November 18. — ^Left camp 7.30 a. m. ; arrived at Jones*
farm 7.30 p. m.; distance, 16 miles; roads good; weather, rained in
the night. Destroying Georgia Railroad— burned depots, tanks, Ac,
and destroyed track and wood at Social Circle and Rutledge.
Saiv/rday, November 19. — Left camp 7 a. m. ; arrived at Brock's
farm, beyond Madison, 1 p. m. ; distance, 7 miles; roads good; weaker
rainy. Second Division sent to bum bridge across Oconee River.
Stmday, November 20. — Left camp 8 a. m. ; arrived toward Eaton-
ton 4.30 p. m.; distance, 12 miles; roads good; weather cloudy-
rained at 5 p. m.
Monday, November 21. — ^Left camp 7 a. m.; arrived 5 miles be-
yond Eatonton 12 m. ; distance, 13 miles; roads very muddy — ^bad;
weather very rainy. Hard frost this night.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 401
TSiesday, November S2. — Left camp 7. 30 a. m.; arrived at Milledge-
ville5p. m.; distance, 16 miles; roads fair; weather very cold, but
clear.
Wednesday, November B3.— In camp all day; weather very cold,
bnt clear. Burnt arsenal and jMnitentiary; destroyed arms and
munitions of war.
Tkursdayy November m. — Left camp 8 a. m. ; arrived near BluflP
Creek 4 p. m.; distance, 13 miles; roads fine; weather fine— cold.
Built bridge over Buffalo Creek.
Friday y November S6. — Left camp 8 a. m. ; arrived at Buffalo Creek
4.30 p. m. ; distance, 8 miles; roads fine; weather fine — warmer.
Skirmish with the enemy this evening.
Saturday y November 26. — Left camp 7 a. m. ; arrived at Sanders-
ville 10 a. m.; by odometer, distance, 8 miles; roads good; weather
fine— warm. Skirmishing on entering Sandersville. Fourteenth
Corps train precedes ours.
Sunday y November 27, — Left camp 9 a. m. ; arrived at Davisborough
6.30 p. m. ; distance, 15.^7 miles; roads good; weather fine— warm.
Burnt the court-house and jail at Sandersville before marching.
Monday y November 28, — Left camp 7.30 a. m. ; arrived at Ogeeohee
River 12 m.; distance, 9.23 miles; roads swampy; weather fine —
warm. First and Second Divisions sent to destroy the railroad from
Davisborough to the river; we found the bridge across Ogeechee
burnt — rebuilt it.
Tuesday y November 29. — Left camp 12 m. ; arrived l)eyond Louis-
ville 5 p. m.; distance, 6.13 miles; roads good, except through the
swamps, which we corduroyed; weather fine — ^wann. Crossed on
pontoons, i>a8sing through Louisville.
Wednesdayy Novemb^ SO, — Weather fine — wann; roails good,
except through the swamps, which we corduroyed. First and S^nd
Division troops rejoin command.
Thursday^ December 1. — Left camp 9 a. m.; arrived at Baker*8
Creek, near Birdsville, 5.15 p. m.; distance, 13.17 miles; roads good,
except through the swamps, which we corduroyed; weather fine-
warm. Michigan Engineers built bridges across creeks.
Friday y December 2, — Left camp 7.30 a. m. ; arrived at Buck Head
Church 4. 15 p. m.; distance, 10.89 miles; roads good, except through
the swamps, which we corduroyed; weather cloudy. Passed the
Milieu (prison) stockade on our left.
Sahvrdayy December 3. — Left camp 8 a. m. ; arrived at Hoi-se Creek
5.15 p. m.; distance, 15.52 miles; roads good, except swamps; M^eathei
fine. Some of our troops destroyed a mill half a mile on left of road«
burning the sluice gate and flooding the road, delaying the trains 12
hours.
Sunday y December i. — Left camp 7 a. m. ; arrived at pine woods 5
p. m.; distance, 14.73 miles; roads good, except 8wami)s; weather
fine. Train of cavalry division (211 wagons) ordered to move with us.
Monday y December 5.— Left camp 4 p. m.; arrived near Little
Ogeechee River 6 p. m.; distance, 2.81 miles; roads good, except
swamps ;/Veather fine. Roads barricaded by fallen timbers.
Tuestuiyy December 6. — Left camp 6 a. m. ; arrived at Cowi>en Creek
4.39^m. ; distance, 16.26 miles; roads good, except swamps; weather,
ftmed in night. Crossed Tnrkey Creek. Collected captured horses
and mules here to remount cavalry who had lost animals in late
action at Waynesborough.
26 B B— SBBIBS m, VOL V
402 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Wednesdayy December 7. — Left camp 8. 30 a. m. ; arrived at Ebeneser
Creek, near Springfield, 4 p. m. ; distance, 9.68 miles; roads swampy;
weather fine.
Thursday ^ December 8, — ^Left camp 9 a. m. ; arrived at Springfield
12 m.; distance, 0.93 mile; roads swampy; weather fine.
Thursday^ December 8, — Left camp 3 p. m. ; arrived at Saint Augus-
tine's Creek 7 p. m.; distance, 5.55 miles; roads swampy; weather
fine. Not much forage or subsistence stores found in the country
passed over in the last two days — it is all rice fields and swamps.
Friday y December 9. — Left camp 9.30 a. m. ; arrived near Monteith
5.45 p. m.. ; distance, 14. 15 miles ; roads good — ^tumpike ; weather cloudy.
Found forts in front and the roads barricaded; attacked the forts —
rebels evacuated.
Saturdayj December 10, — Left camp 10 a. m. ; arrived 5 miles from
Savannah 4.30 p. m.; distance, 10.53 miles; roads good — ^turnpike;
weather cloudy. Captured General Harrison, commandant at forts,
yesterday.
Sunday y December 11, — Weather fine until the 21st. First day's
siege of Savannah.
JsoTuJoy, December 12, — ^Winegar's battery captured the Confederate
steamer Kesolute with 7 of&cers and 16 men.
Tuesday y December IS, — Steamer Resolute turned over to me;
manned her and commenced repairs. Fort McAllister captured.
Running the rice mills in the neighborhood.
Wednesday^ December U. —
Thu/raday, December IS, — Sent 150 wagons to King's Bridge for
supplies.
Friday^ December 16, —
Satn/raayy December 17. — Received our first mail
Sv/ndayy December 18.-^
Monday y December 19, —
Tuesday. December 20, — Savannah evacuated.
Wednesday J December 21, — Left camp 12.30 p. m.; arrived 2.30;
distance, 5.50 miles; moved into the city.
Twenty-five marching days, averaging 11.25 miles per day, 281.55.
HENRY M. WHITTELSEY,
Captain^ Acting Chief Quartermaster Twentieth Army Corps,
No. 92.
Office Chief Quartermaster, Cavalry Command,
Savannahy Oa,^ Janvxiry 19 ^ 1866,
Bvt Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
Quartermaster-Oeneral U. S, Army^ Washington, D, C:
General: In accordance with instructions received from your
office this date, I have the honor to submit the following report of
the marches of the cavalry trains and operations of the quartermas-
ter^s department from November 15, 1864, up to the time of reaching
jKwition before Savannah, December 10, 1864:
Left Atlanta on the morning of the 15th of November, marching
toward McDonough. Had a good road, with the exception of one bad
hill, until we got within about seven miles of McDonough, when we
had a bad creek to cross; here the road in wet weather must be very
soft and bad. Passed through McDonough on the 17th. We had good
roads from this on until we reached Ocmulgee Mills, on the Ocmulgee
River, November 19. On the south side of Ocmulgee River there is
UNION AUTHORITIES. 403
a very long, steep hill. It had been raining, and the mud was very
deep and heavy on the steepest part of the hill. Before my train
arrived there nearly every wagon stalled. There was a large pioneer
corps at the hill, bat they only helped pnsh when the wagons stalled.
I took a small number of negro pioneers I had and shoveled all the
mud off to the side of the road. This left the road very slippery, as
the soil was clayey. I then had the road picked up into the dry earth
and made rough, and the trains went up the hill without any difficulty.
I would here remark that I had organized a pioneer corps of fifty
negroes, with picks, spades, and axes, and all through the march I
found their services invaluable. Indeed, without their services it
would have been impossible for me to have got my train along. I
think every division train should have a pioneer corps along with it
on all marches, and then that quartermasters should see that any bad
places in the road are repaired before a wagon is stalled or broken
down in them ; this is often not the case. My experience is that *' one
minute's work in time" repairing roads "saves more than nine."
The road from Ocmulgee to Milledgeville is very low and soil clayey.
In dry weather roads are very good; but when I moved over them it
was raining and the roads were terrible, the wagons often going in up
to the beds in mud. At least one-half of the roads would have to be
corduroyed in order to pass heavy trains in wet weather. Arrived at
Milledgeville November 24.
The road from Milledgeville to Sandersville I found very good until
we got near Sandersville, where we had Buffalo Swamp and Buffalo
Creek to pass. This was a bad swamp and had to be corduroyed for
about half a mile. The road was good from Sandersville to the Ogee-
chee River and soil sandy. Reached Ogeechee River at night, 28th of
November. Enemy attached rear of my train, but were repulsed.
On the south side of the Ogeechee River there is a very bad swamp,
and between two and three miles of it had to be corduroyed. The
marsh was so soft it required a force constantly at work on it, as the
timber all sank down into the ground.
Crossed Big Buck Head Creek at Big Buck Head Church. Here
was an admirable place, especially on the south side, for a force to
prevent an enemy's crossing. December 3 passed to the east of Millen ;
Toadb very low and swampy. In wet weather they must be almost
impassable. December 4, on the road from Millen to Springfield, had
to cross one very bad swamp, where it was necessary to build a cor-
duroy road for half a mile. From this time until we reached Spring-
field we had a constant succession of swamps. About ten miles
northeast of Springfield there is a swamp five miles wide, and in order
to make it available for military operations in wet weather it would
be necessary to corduroy the whole five miles. I saw more than 100
wagons stalled in this swamp and a number broken down. The
pioneer corps of the army had gone on ahead before the roads were
bad, consequently there were but very few men to repair the road.
The regular pioneers usually go in advance of the army ana repair
some of the worst places. By the time half of the trains have iiassed
over the roads in this marshy country, places that were at first appar-
ently good have become very bad; and as the pioneers are out of
reach, the quartermaster has to rely upon his own resources, and I
would urge this as another reason why each division quartermaster
should be required to have a pioneer corps and then repair the roads
where he sees that they need repairing.
I left Springfield on the 8th of December and arrived within six
miles of Savannah on the night of 10th instant. Roads mostly very
404 CORREBPONDENCE, ETC.
good, but had two or three swamps to pass through. I would respect-
fully suggest that improvements might be made in running trains.
Instead of moving large trains, say 200 wagons, as an entire train, and
on good roads hurrying the rear wagons up to '^ keep closed up,'' and
jamming up together at bad places and waiting, I would divide the
200 wagons into sections of not more than fifty wagons in each, then
place the slowest walking teams I had at the head of each section
and move the head of each section as slow as I i)ossibly could, allow-
ing for bad places and the little stops that always will occur through
the train. This will keep the last team of each section on a fast walk,
and will allow the gaps that must occur to be between sections instead
of between wagons. This will give the wagon-masters a chance to
attend better to the teams under their charge. The sections are bound
to come together at every bad place, and by this means will move
much more steadily and avoid all hurry and trotting of teams; Owing
to the scarcity of forage and the impracticability of hitching the
mules away from the wagons, the mules very often eat the wagon
tongues and end gates so as to spoil them. The iron to protect them
cannot always be procured in the field, and I would suggest that aU
contractors be required to nail strips of iron along the tops of wagon
tongues and end gates to prevent the mules from eating them. I think
it would be economy to manufacture jockey sticks out of half -inch
round iron instead of wood, as so many of them are broken.
I have made these few suggestions (as per invitation^, because I
think if acted upon they would benefit the service; and noping they
may not be amiss,
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
G. E. DUNBAR,
MoQ, and Chief Quartermaster Cav. Command, Army of Oeorgia.
No. 93.
Ofmcb Chibf Quartermaster, Fifteenth Arht Corps,
In the Fieldy South Carolina^ January 26^ 1865.
Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
Qy^iriermasier' General :
(Through Brig. Gren. L. C. Easton, chief quartermaster.)
General: I have the honor to resx)ectfully report, in compliance
with the order of the Quartermaster-General, dated at Savannah, Ga.,
December 26, 1864, that on the 15th day of November last the Fif-
teenth Array Corps left Atlanta, Ga., with about 850 six-mule teams
and 150 two-horse and two-mule ambulances, divided among the four
divisions of the corps, which amounted to about forty teams to the
thousand troops for duty, not counting non-effective or civil employ^.
About 225 of these wagons were loaded with ammunition, each carry-
ing 2,500 pounds net ammunition, which was not diminished much
until we commenced the siege of Savannah.
About 500 wagons were loaded with commissary stores, forty-eight
boxes of hard bread each, and other stores were more heavily loaded.
The remainder of the trains were loaded with hospital stores, pio-
neer tools and materials, a small quantity of camp and ^garrison equi-
page, and officers' private baggage. Eight wagons were loaded with
shoes and socks.
Each wagon and ambulance, in addition, on the start, carried five
days' forage of grain and three rounds of shoes for its team. Before
this forage was expended plenty was found in the country, and until
UNION AUTHORITIES. 405
wagons were emptied by issue forage wae gathered and brought in by
mounted "bummers."
WJien we set out our mules were in bad condition, having been
starved around Atlanta for want of forage, but soon recruited on the
march by good care. Fresh mules were gathered to replace the
broken down from persons whose names are unknown, and when we
arrived at Savannah our trains were very fine.
An active lieutenant and regimental quartermaster was detailed to
assist the division quartermaster in the movement of his trains, and
usually remained in the rear with a small detachment of negro pio-
neers and good, fresh mules, ready harnessed, to help forward any
wagon in distress. Miles of corduroy were built almost every day by
organized pioneers, without which the trains could not have been
moved.
The pontoon train belonging to the Army of the Tennessee was
badly appointed and utterly without organization, and therefore
caused much trouble and delay. The trains of the Fifteenth Corps
were often called upon to go back a day and night's march and haul
it up, and finally had to take one-half of it to haul all the time. Why
it was in such condition is unknown to me. Had it not been for this
matter the march would have been made by our trains with ease, and
the mules improved every day until we entered Savannah; after
which they were soon much reduced for want of forage, having noth-
ing but a very little rice for a considerable time.
I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your most
obedient servant,
G. L. FORT,
Lneui, Col. and Chief Quartermaster Fifteenth Army Corps.
No. 94.
Office Chief Quartermaster, Fifteenth Army Corps,
LouisviUej Ky., JiUy i, 1S66,
Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
Qiuzriermaster-Oeneral U, 8. Army^ Washington^ D. C;
General: I have the honor to respectfully report that at the close
of my last annual report, June 30, 1864, I was on duty at Memphis,
Tenn., in charge of river transpoiiiation and what appertained thereto,
by the assignment of Brig. Gen. Robert Allen, chief quartermaster,
and reporting to Capt. A. R. Eddy, assistant quartermaster, in charge
of the depot, and so continued on duty until September 1. Having
been, by direction of the President, assigned to duty as chief quarter-
master of the Fifteenth Army Corps, with the rank of lieutenant-col-
onel from July 21, 1864, was therefore relieved from duty at Memphis,
and after transferring the public property in my charge, on the 15th
day of September, 1864, left Memphis to join the corps, and proceeded
via Cairo, 111., Louisville, Ey., and Nashville, Tenn., and arrived at
Atlanta, 6a., September 25, and reported to Maj. Gen. P. J. Oster-
haus, then commanding the corps, and on the 28th of September was
announced as chief quartermaster, and immediately entered upon
duty. The corps consisted of four divisions.
October 4, 1864, — The corps, with the other armies under the com-
mand of General Sherman, started in pursuit of the rebel army
under the command of the rebel Gleneral Hood.
The mules of the corps were poor and miserable, an<l we had no
forage. Hood was not overtaken, and General Sherman returned
406 COBRESPONDEKCEy ETC.
with his army to Atlanta, Oa., early in November, and fitted out as
well as possible and loaded the trains with supplies, and on the 15th
day of November, 1864, severed all communications with the north
and set out on a campaign which, after continued skirmishing, hard
marching, and a battle at Griswoldville, the assault of Fort McAllis-
ter, and the siege of Savannah, terminated in the capture of that city
on the 21st day of December. We foraged upon the country and
recruited our animals on the campaign, but there being no forage to
be had in Savannah, they soon became considerably reduced.
JauMary 8, 1866, — Maj. Gen. John A. Logan returned and resumed
command of the corps, and a new campaign was begun through South
Carolina.
The corps proceeded to Beaufort, S. C, partly by small ocean
steamers and partly by water. It rained in torrents almost every day
and the whole country was flooded.
January 28, — The corps began to move from Beaufort; passed
Pocotaligo, and then floundered on through the mud and water to
Columbia, the capital of the State of South Carolina, which was cap-
tured, occupied, and burned on the 17th day of February, having
had continued fighting and skirmishing from Savannah.
February 21. — We again resumed our march, and thousands of
refugees — white, black, and mixed — followed. The roads were worse.
We had to corduroy and bridge miles of swamp every day. Cap-
tured Cheraw, S. C, Fayetteville, N. C, and on the 20th and 21st
days of March had a battle at and near Bentonville, N. C, and
entered Goldsborough, N. C, March 24, where we received supplies.
AprH 10. — We again set out on another campaign. . The roads were
very bad. We reached, captured, and entered Raleigh, the capital of
North Carolina, April 13, and here we rested until the rebel General
Johnston surrendered his army to General Sherman, when we made
ready to march homeward.
April 29. — We set out lightly loaded for Washington City, and of
course having no opposition, reached Alexandria, Ya., via Peters-
burg and Richmond, May 19, 1865.
Major-General Logan having been assigned to the command of the
Army of the Tennessee, Major-General Hazen assumed command of
the Fifteenth Army Corps May 22 [23].
May 24. — The corps was reviewed in Washington City, and imme-
diately after commenced embarkation by the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad via Parkersburg, and by the Ohio River in transports, to
Louisville, Ky., where the corjps went into camp, and now awaits
orders.
No public property for which I was accountable has been lost,
destroyed, or captured during the year, and all forage gathered and
aU property captured during the year by the corjps has been taken up
and accounted for by the division quartermasters.
2. Reference is respectfully made to a statement made in accord-
ance with Form A, to be filed herewith.
3. Reference is respectfully had to a statement made in accord-
ance with Form B, to be filed herewith.
4. Reference is respectfully made to a statement of public moneys,
to be filed herewith.
5. Reference is respectfully made to a statement of the amount of
transportation furnished during the year, to be filed herewith.
6. I have the honor to respectfully state that I have performed no
duties during the year that could not be reported under this head.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 407
7. Reference is respeotf ally made to a statement made in accord-
ance with Form C, to be filed herewith.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your most obedient servant,
G. L. FORT,
lAeiU. Col. and Chief Quartermasier Fifteenth Army Corps.
Statement of quartermaster" 9 property for theflatxU year ending June SO, 1S65,*
Statement of public moneys for the fiscal year ending 30th day of June, 1863.
On hand July 1,1864 $18,552.48
Received from officers dnrinK the year 79,802.50
Received from sale of propei^ and other Boorces during the year 1 , 185. 00
Total received daring the year 08,990.02
Expended doringthe year 28,579.66
Transferred to officers during the year 75, 410. 87
Total expended and transferred 96,990.02
Statement made in accordance with paragraph 5. section 5, of Oenerai
Orders^ No. 29^ Quartermaster- UeneraTs Office j series of 1864,
No amounts were x)aid by me for railroad or other land transporta-
tion during the year ending the 30th of June, 1865.
No amounts were paid by me for transportation on rivers or lakes,
or for transportation by sail or steam vessels on the ocean, during
this year.
The steamers chartered and employed by me on the rivers, as per
my roll No. 2, were all paid on voucher. Form No. 22.
Vessels seized and used, the rate of hire of which were not agreed
upon, were given vouchers, stating the period of service, but not the
rate of pay. This was left to be fixed by Col. L. B. Parsons, chief
quartermaster Western river transportation.
The money received by these vessels for private freight and xMissen-
gers carried by them was indorsed on their vouchers, to be denoted
by Colonel Parsons upon settlement.
Estimated amoxmt of transportation furnished for — Tdn*.
Subsistence stores 1,876
Ordnance stores 660
Qoartermaster^s stores 9,108
Medical stores 176
Total 11,820
Nnmher of troops 44,000
Statement of vessels chartered or employed during the fiscal year ending the SOth
day of June, 1863. i
* Omitted; bat see pp. 648, 649, of Execatiye Docnment No. 1, referred to in
foot-note (♦),!). 249.
t Omitted ; bnt see p. 651 of Execntiye Docnment No. 1, referred to in foot-
note (•), p. 249.
408 COBBEBPONDEirCE, ETC.
No. 95.
Headquabtbrs Fourteenth Army Corps,
Office Chief Quartermaster,
Louisville, Ky., July i, 1866,
In aooordanoe with General Orders, No. 29, Quartermaster-Generars
Office, dated Washington, D. C, July 6, 1864, I submit herewith my
annual report for the fiscal year ending the dOth day of June, 1865.
My report as assistant qaartermaster, U. S. Volanteers, on duty
as such with the Second Division, Fourteenth Army Corps, for fiscal
year ending the 30th day of June, 1864, was forwarded from in front
of Atlanta, Ga., during the month of July last. Concerning my
services previously to the present report I have the honor to refer
the department to that report, merely stating here that on the 1st
day of July, 1864, 1 was stiU on duty, by order of the chief quarter-
master of the Department of the Cumberland, as assistant quarter-
master. Second Division, Fourteenth Army Corps.
Jidy JT, 186i, — The Second Division, Fourteenth Army Corps, was
still lying in front of Eenesaw Mountain, where it remained until
the falling back of General Joe Johnston.
Jidy S, — Started at daylight with the train across Pine Mountain,
towai^l Marietta, Ga., this place havii^ been during the night
evacuated by the rebel forces. Owing to the great number of trans-
portation on the road leading from Big Shanty to Marietta, on the
right of Kenesaw Mountain, was unable to proceed farther than to
the neighborhood of Marietta; went in camp about one mile from
Military Institute; water and grazing good; weather warm.
Jviy 4. — Started at daylight; passed by Military Institute; t-ook
county cross-roads to the right of Marietta and Chattahoochee Rail-
road bridge road; camped near a good large spring, about seven
miles from Marietta; weather very warm; distance of day's inarch,
eight miles.
July 5, — ^In camp.
July 6. — Started at daylight on the road leading toward Vining's
Station; camped about equal distance from the Chattahoochee River
and Vining's Station, to the right of wagon road from Marietta to
Chattahoochee bridge; distance of day's march, nine miles; weather
venr warm.
July 6 to July 17. — In camp; supplies drawn from depot at Mari-
etta; refitted Second Division, Fourteenth Army Corps, with the
required estimates of clothing, <fec.
July 18. — Started at 2.30 a. m., Vining's Station; camped half a
mile beyond Vining's Station, near Chattahoochee River; distance
of dav's march, four miles; weather very warm.
Jmy ly to July 23. — In camp repairing transportation.
Jvly 2J^. — Crossed Chattahoochee River with train; camped four
miles from Atlanta, about one mile from railroad.
July 26 to August S. — ^In camp ; weather very warm ; drawing forage
from Vining's Station.
August i. — Directed by Col. A. J. Mackay to receive and issue the
full estimates of clothing, camp and garrison equipage, and quarter-
master's stores to the Fourteenth Army Corps.
August 6 to August 8. — Very busy issuing; supplies having been
sent without invoices, and having been unloaded at Vining's Sta-
tion without having been notified, causes me to take double care in
invoicing as well as issuing same.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 409
August 9 to 19, indhmve. — ^In camp; was ordered to report, by
direction of General Thomas, commanding the department, to com-
manding officer Fourteenth Army Corps, in the capacity as acting
chief quartermaster Fourteenth Army Coi^s.
August 20, — TroofM moving in the morning, but return to old camp
at night; weather very fine.
August 21 to August 2J^ — ^In camp, transferring transportation to
Lieut. A. L. Coe, acting assistant quartermaster, Second Division,
Fourteenth Army Corps.
August 26, — Started at 7 a. m. ; moved eight miles to the right;
weather fine.
August 26, — Started at 12.30 p. m. toward the right; heavy rain,
making road very bad; camped at 6.30 p. m. ; distance of march, six
and a half miles.
August 27, — ^Moved at daylight in southwest direction; distance of
march, one mile.
August 28, — Started at daylight; progress very slow; camped at
night at Bed Oak Station; weather cloudy.
August 29. — ^In camp.
August SO, — ^Moved nearly direct south course to-day; march dur-
ing day, seven miles.
August SI. — Moved three miles; heavy skirmishing and shelling.
Septefniber 1. — ^Train in camp near Jonesborough; troops heavily
engi^ped.
Bepteniber 1 to6, inclusive. — ^In camp near Jonesborough.
September 7. — Started at daylight for Atlanta.
SqffteTnber S. — Arrive with train at Atlanta.
S^iember 9 to October S. — In camp at Atlanta.
CAMPAIGN AFTER HOOD.
Oddber J, 186j^, — ^Lef t Atlanta, Ga. , on the return after Hood. The
Second Division, Fourteenth Army Corps, having been ordered to
the rear by the railroad on the 29th of September, I was directed by
General J. C. Davis, commanding the corps, to order the trains of
that division to remain at Atlanta, Ga. ; camx)ed at the railroad bridge
across the Chattahoochee; distance of day^s march, eight miles.
October 4, — Started at 8.30 a. m. ; camped at old camp, eight miles
from Marietta, but having been in camp about three hours received
marching orders; left again at 4 p. m. on a road leading toward
Mount Zion Church; went in camp at 9 p. m. ; distance of day's march,
nine miles; rained slight showers during the day.
October 6. — Started at daylight on a road leading toward Acworth;
weather clear, but very warm; camped one mile from Acworth; good
water and grazing.
October 6 to 9. — ^In camp.
October 10. — Started at daylight to Allatoona Pass, &Ye miles from
Acworth; arrived there at 9 a. m.; camped at Allatoona Pass till 8
p. m. ; received orders to push forward to Etowah River that night;
camped on bank of Etowah; arrived at 2 a. m.
October 12. — ^Left camp at 7 a. m.; passed through Cartersville,
Cass Station; camped at Kingston, Ga. ; weather very warm-; distance
of day's march, sixteen miles ; succeeded in drawing grain at Kingston,
Ga., for use of corps.
October IS. — ^Left camp with corps train on upper river road; road
very swampy; must be impassable in rainy weather; corduroyed fully
410 CORRESPONDENCE^ ETC.
two miles of road; camped on Rome and Resaca dirt road, five miles
from Rome; country rich; succeeded in getting forage from the
country for the first time since leaving Atlanta, Ga. ; distance of day's
march, thirteen miles.
October H, — ^Left camp on Rome and Resaca road; the transporta-
tion of the army being all on the road, makes it slow progress; distance
of day's march, nine miles; forage plenty; road hilly, and plenty of
water.
October 16. — ^Left camp at daylight; passed through Calhoun Station
and Resaca Station; camped two and a half miles from Resaca, on
Dalton dirt road; distance of day's march, fourteen and a half miles.
October 16. — ^Left camp at 2.30 p. m. for Resaca; ordered to make
Snake Creek Gktp; transportation being all on the Snake Creek Gap
road, had to lay over till 7 p. m. ; camped near Snake Creek Gap;
arrived in camp at 10 p. m. ; distance of day's march, seven miles.
October 17. — Passed through Snake Creek Gap, having left camp at
5 a. m. ; camped at Ship's Gap; distance of day's travel, fifteen miles;
day warm; forage scarce.
October IS.— Left Ship's Gap, on Summerville road; weather clear;
distance of day's march, twelve miles.
October iP. ---Started at daylight; made ten miles; camped near
Chattooga River; weather clear; crossed Chattooga River after dark.
October iS^.— Started at 10 a. m. ; passed through Summerville,
Ga. ; town deserted; camped near Tacoosa Creek, bottom land, near
Gaylesville, Ala.; distance of day's march, fourteen miles; forage
plentrjT.
Odober 20 to 29. — ^In camp; directed train of First Division and
Third Division, Fourteenth Anny Corps, to report at Rome, Ga., after
rations for command, with orders to remain at that point until further
orders.
October SO. — Started at 4 a. m. for Rome, Ga., on Rome and
Ckiylesville road; weather fair; distance of day's march, twenty-six
miles; road good.
October SI. — In camp at Rome, Ga.
November 1. — Started at 11.30 a. m.; camped on main road from
Rome to Kingston, Ga., eight miles from Rome, near good water; day
very fine.
November 2. — Started at daylight for Kingston, Ga. ; camped at
Kinffston, Ga.; weather fine; distance of day's march, five miles.
November S to S.—ln camp at Kingston, Ga.
November S. — Left camp at daylight; passed through Cassville;
camped at Cartersville; distance of day's march, sixteen miles;
weather cloudy.
November 8 to 12, — In camp at Cartersville, preparing for march
toward the sea.
November 13. — Left Cartersville; destroyed bridge across Etowah
River; cut loose from communication; passed through AUatoona, six
miles; Acworth, five miles; camped at Big Shanty, five miles; distance
of day's march, sixteen miles; railroad destroyed effectually.
November H. — Left camp at daylight; seven miles to Marietta,
twelve miles from the Chattahoochee River; camped on the south
side of Chattahoochee River; distance of day's march, nineteen
miles.
November JTJ.— Left camp at daylight; arrived with corps train at
Atlanta, Ga. , about noon, having made with the trains of the Fourteenth
Army Corps (Second Division, Fourteenth Army Corps, excepted) 245
UNION AUTHORITIES. 411
miles since the 3d day of October, 1864. Immediately .on the arriyal
at Atlanta I directed the quartermasters of the Fourteenth Army
Corps to draw the estimates of clothing and forage required, I having
forwarded a special messenger from Kingston, Ga., to Lieut. A. L.
Coe, acting assistant quartermaster, Second Division, Fourteenth Army
Corps, with the estimates and orders for Lieut. A. L. Coe to draw the
same and have everything ready on our arrival at Atlanta. The
issues were made with such dispatch that twenty-four hours after our
arrival the clothing had been issued to the troops, and all wagons
were loaded with the necessary supply for a forward march.
CAMPAIGN THROUGH GBOROIA.
November 16, — Left Atlanta, Ga., at 11.30 a. m.; camjied near
Atlanta and Augusta Railroad, seventeen miles from Atlanta; weather
fair; road leading to the right of Stone Mountain.
November 77.— Started at daylight, road leading through Lithonia
Station and Conyers; day fine; forage getting plenty; distance of
dav's march, fifteen miles; camped near Yellow River.
November i^.— Started at daylight; passed through Covington; day
very fine; forage plenty and country well watered; soil sandy; dis-
tance of day's march, fifteen miles.
November 19, — Started at daylight; passed through Newborn, or
Sandtown, having left the road parallel with the railroad about 9 a. m. ;
camped four miles from Shady Dale; distance of day*s march, seven-
teen miles; weather cloudy, with occasional slight rain-storms;
country rich.
November £t).— Started at daylight; passed through Shady Dale;
camped near Eatonton factory, and about fifty bales of cotton de-
stroyed; factory employed about sixty hands in the manufacture of
cotton cloth, good water power; country rich; distance of day's
march, fourteen miles.
November f^l. — Started at daylight; shortly rained very hard all
day; country hilly; hills yellow clay mixed with sand, which by the
pasMige of army trains cut up very fast; crossed several creeks at
good fords; camped at night at Clopton's MiUs; 9 p. m., very high
wind, turning exceedingly cold; 4 a. m. of 22d, a light crust of ice on
standing water; distance of march, eleven miles.
November 22, — Started at daylight; weather very cold, with high
wind; marched eight miles; cami)ed about 2 p. m. at General Cobb's
plantation; trains well closed up.
November J^.— Started at daylight; arrived at Milledgeville, the
capital of G^rgia, about noon ; weather fine ; forage and water plenty;
roads sandy; distance of march, ten miles.
November J?^— Started at noon; crossed Oconet» River on bridge;
country hilly; soil sandy; forage getting scarcer; cami)ed eight miles
from Milledgeville, on Sandersville road; weather fine.
November 26, — Started at daylight; country hilly; have to go some
distance off the road to procure sufficient forage for animals; distance
of day's march, twelve miles.
iVbverft&erM.— Started at daylight; slight skirmishing ahead; trains
are traveling very compact, with heavy flankers on both sides; weather
fine; camp^ at Sandersville; distance of day's march, six miles;
forage plenty and near the main road.
H^vember 27. — Started at daylight, but troops being on the same
road, do not get fairly off before noon; weather fine; arrive in camp
412 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
near Central Railroad after dark; distance of day's march, eight
miles.
November 28. — Started at daylight; passed through Davisborongh
Station; burned station-house, several ootton gins, and effectuaUy
destroyed the railroad; crossed Ogeechee River and Rooky Comfort
on pontoons; about two miles of very bad swamp; corduroyed through
the swamp; arrive with a portion of the corps train at Louisville, Ga. ;
balance remains on the south side of the Ogeechee River, with orders
to push forward at break of day; distance of day's march, fourteen
miles.
November 29, — In camp at Louisville; trains all arrive in camp.
November SO.— In camp; weather fine; forage plenty.
December 1. — Left Louisville at daylight on Waynesborough road;
day very fine; soil sandy; distance of march, ten miles.
December 2. — Started at daylight; country getting more swampy;
saw the first rice field on the campaign; weather fine; distance of
march, twelve miles.
December S. — Started at daylight for SamfMon's Station; crossed
Buck Head Creek and Rocky Creek, near junction of same, on two
boats (pontoons) each; bridges had been destroyed the night previ-
ously by some rebel cavalry, said to belong to Wheeler's command;
cross three swamps; road seems to be leading around every man's
plantation; distance of day's march, eleven miles; cami)ed at Lump-
kin's Station at 9 p. m. ; slight shower; forage plenty.
December .Ji.. — Started at 9 a. m.; xMtssed Habersham Church;
marched thirteen miles on Jacksonborough road, mostly through pine
timber.
December 6. — Started at daylight; leave Jacksonborough on our
left, and take the old U. S. river mail road; camp at Buck Creek Post-
Offtce; soil sandy; mostly through pine timber, and all low places
swampy; have to forage some distance off the road; distance of day's
march, sixteen miles.
December 6. — Started at daylight; road passed through swamp
immediately after leaving camp on U. S. river mail road, two miles
and a half from Savannah River; distance of day's march, twenty-one
miles. Scouting and foraging parties find a good many valuable
animals hid in the swamps; natives are astonished at the Yankees
finding everything; begin to think it is useless to hide from our
foragers; quartermasters of the corps are directed to load their trains
as heavily as xK)6sible with forage and commissary supplies, and, if
XK)ssible, to forage liberally for that purpose.
December 7.— Marched at daylight; found roads blockaded at four
different places and very swampy; camped twenty-seven miles from
Savannah, Ga., near Ebenezer Creek; distance of day's march, twelve
miles; rained very hard aU forenoon.
December ^.—Started at 1 p. m. ; crossed two miles of swamp, then
Ebenezer Creek; camped near Ebenezer Church; distance of day's
march, three miles; twenty-four miles from Savannah, Ga.; rebel
gun-boat trying to shell the train, but does no damage.
December 9. — Started at daylight, through very bad swamp; cross
two creeks on pontoons; camx)ed four miles from Charleston and
Savannah Railroad bridge across the Savannah; distance of march,
nine miles, mostly swampy; distance from Savannah, fifteen miles;
weather cloudy.
December 10. — Started at daylight; distance of march, four miles;
camped near Charleston and Savannah Railroad, eleven miles from
Savannah, Ga. ; passed a rebel fort pierced for six guns.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 413
December 11. — Stmrted at 11 a. m. ; left river road near seven-mile
post from Savannah, Ga. , for Middle Gronnd road ; camped in a swamp
between river road and middle county road; distance of day's march,
five miles.
December 12. — ^Marched at daylight; crossed Central llailroad;
cami)ed on Middle Ground road, near Station No. 1, on Central Rail-
road; traveled three miles and a half; forage from the country reduced
to rice and rice straw.
December IS to December 16. — In camp.
December 17. — Communications fairly open; received to-day the
first mail from the North.
December IS to December 2U indveive. — In camp, drawing a small
amount of forage from King's Bridge, on the Ogeechee River.
December 22. — ^Entered Savannah; distance from camp, six miles;
established headquarters.
December 2S to DecenAer Sl^ indueive. — ^At Savannah, Ga.
During my stay at Savannah, Ga., I had the honor of forwarding,
as dire^»d by the chief quartermaster Military Division of the
Mississippi, Bvt. Brig. Gen. L. C. Easton, my official report of the
campaign from Atlanta to Savannah, Ga. To make this report
complete, however, in itself, I take the liberty to recapitulate the
gross gain of the quartermaster's department of the corps, and most
respectfully refer for loss and gain of the different commands of the
Fourteenth Army Corps to consolidated report No. 4, herewith
annexed. I would most respectfully also draw the attention of the
department to the fact that the amount fed to animals during the
campaign is by far less than the actual amount consumed. A good
many animals during the campaign were picked up by soldiers not
connected with regular authorized foraging parties. A good many of
these being of a very inferior quality were turned out as soon as the
officers commanding the foraging squads got hold of them, and in
consequence no account taken of them. In figuring the approximate
amount of forage fed I have taken the average number of animaLs as
reported to this office, and allowed to each only the authorized ration.
Total gain in horses during campaign from Atlanta to Savannah,
Ga., 232; total gain in mules during campaign from Atlanta to Savan-
ni^, Ga., 955; total gain in jacks during campaign from Atlanta to
Savannah, Ga., 5; total gain in ponies during campaign from Atlanta
to Savannah, Ga., 5; total amount of grain captured during the same
time, 1,420,000 pounds; total amount of grain fodder captured during
same time, 1,025,000 pounds.
CAMPAIGN THROUGH THE CAROUNAS.
Having been engaged as previously reported from the entrance of
the Fourteenth Army Corps in Savannah, Ga., in refitting the corps,
clothing for the same being very necessary, as well as rest both for
animals and men, headquarters of the Fourteenth Anny Corps left
Savannah, Ga., on the 25th day of January, 1865, the troofM as well
as the trains having started several days before, but on account of
heavy and constant rains they were for the first time during a year's
campaign mud bound. The rain, however, having ceased, headquar-
ters of the corps left Savannah about 11.30 a. m. January 2b^ 1865,
CD Middle Ground road, weather being veiy windy. Camped at night
near Eden Church; distance of day's march, twenty miles.
Janv4Jm/ 26^ 1S66. — Started at 7.30 a. m. on Springfield road, being
most of the distance through swamps; were under the necessity of
414 G0RBE8P0HDENCE, ETC.
corduroying constantly; camj^ed at dark in the midst of a swamp
three miles from Springfield; distance of day's march, ten miles.
January 27. — ^Marched at daylight; one mile of very bad swamp
before reaching Springfield; leaving Springfield, took Sister's Feny
road; forded Torkey Creek in the immediate neighborhood of Spring-
field; crossed Ebenezer Creek a few miles on on two pontoons;
directly after crossing the last-mentioned creek, a swamp extending
about 100 yards, which delayed the passage of the trains for several
hours, then timber, with high sandy soil; camped in timber five miles
from Springfield; distance of day's march, eight miles.
Jarmary 28. — Started at daylight; the road, until striking the old
U. S. river mail road, good, then swampy; camped at Sister's Ferry;
distance of day's march, five miles.
Janvary 28 to February J^. — In camp at Sister's Ferry, Ga,, waiting
for Savannah River to recede, it being impossible to get a footing on
the South Carolina shore.
February 6. — Crossed Savannah River at Sister's Ferry on iK>ntoon
bridge; kept on the north side of the Savannah to Sister's Ferry,
S. C, distance about two miles, which was on our arrival on Janu-
ary 28 under water, and in consequence, to enable army trains to
proceed, had to be corduroyed.
February 6 and 7. — Receiving supplies, clothing as well as com-
missaries, at Sister's Ferry, S. C. ; supplies and outfits now pretty
complete with exception of stockings, of which there is great want in
this corps.
February 8. — ^Trains of the Fourteenth Army Corps on road for
Brighton, S. C. ; took Hudson Ferry road, which avoids Big Santee
Swamp, with exception of an arm of one mile and a half; conluroyed
this diistance; afterward struck causeway, and road fair; distance of
march, seven miles.
February P.— Marched at daylight on Barnwell Court-House road;
road good, and forage, contrary to expectation, is getting plenty; day
very fine; roads hilly; soil sandy.
February 10. — Marched at daylight; still on Barnwell Court-House
road ; saw first white fiag at Mrs. Doctor Irwin's, widow lady, claiming
protection; camx)ed near Salkehatchie Mills road, on the Savannah
Iron Ridge; very good; forage plenty; distance of day's march, twenty-
eight miles.
February 11. — Crossed Salkehatchie; bad swamp for three-quarters
of a mile; x>a8sed through Barnwell Court-House; camped three miles
of Barnwell Court-House on WiUiston road; distance of day's march,
six miles.
February 12, — Marched at daylight; passed with train through
Williston, on Charleston and Savannah Railroad; camped on south
branch of Edisto River ; distance of day's march, sixteen miles ; weather
fine; roads sandy and good.
February i^.— Crossed Edisto on bridge; then one mile and a half
of bad swamp; had to corduroy the whole distance; camx)ed on edge
of swamp, in large corn-field.
February U. — ^Left camp at 9 a. m., on Columbia road. Upper
Edisto River; camped on north bank of the same; weather very cold
and sleety; distance of day's march, sixteen miles; forage getting
very scarce; pine lumber all the way.
February 15, — Marched at daylight; after a few miles, when in the
neighborhood of eighteen miles from Columbia, S. C, took Lexington
road; road very sandy; country barren; forage scarce for one day's
UNION AUTHORITIE&. 415
supply, although parties are scouring the country for mileB on either
side of tlie road; natives claim from five to ten bushels of com to the
acre; camp in pine timber on Red Bank Creek; distance of day's
marchy sixteen miles.
February 16, — Started at daylight; passed through Lexington, S. C,
at noon; camped on IVelve-Mile Creek ; distance, nine miles; weather
clear; forage scarce, but water plenty.
February 17. — ^Started at daylight; crossed the Saluda River on
seventeen pontoons; took Columbia and Florence road; camped four
miles from Spring Hill road ; distance of day's march, fifteen miles;
forage to-day plenty; over 3,000 bushels of corn burned by some
stragglers against orders.
February 18, — Marched at daylight; camped one mile from Broad
River; distance traveled, five miles; road had to be corduroyed for
two miles; weather clear and fine.
February iP.— Crossed Broad River on pontoon bridge; camped
three miles from Broad River, on Alston road; road for half a mile
after leaving the river very bad, swampy, then good.
February 20, — ^Marched at daylight; camped near Alston and
Winnsborough Cross-Roads; road good; soil, red clay; forage plenty;
weather fine; distance of march, five miles.
February 21, — ^Marched at daylight; crossed Little River on bridge;
left Winnsborough road and took Chester Court-House road; cros^
Jackson's Creek, near Lebanon Church; camped two miles and a half
from Adger's Station, on South Carolina and Charlotte Railroad;
country rich; weather fine; distance of day's march, ten miles.
February 22, — Marched at daylight; passed through Adger's Sta-
tion and White Oak Station, on South Carolina and Charlotte Rail-
road ; leave the railroad at the latter x>oint and take the Wateree dirt
road; camp near Wateree Church; distance of march, eleven miles;
weather fine, but toward evening signs of clouding up; got in camp
at 2 p. m.
February 2S. — Marched at daylight; crossed Wateree Creek on log
bridge; commences to rain; camp near Rocky Mount, on Catawba
River; distance of day's march, twelve miles.
February i^^.— Started at 11 a. m.; rains in torrents; crossed
Catawba River with First Division, Fourteenth Army Corps; banks
on both sides very high; soil, red clay; have to corduroy and pull up
all teams by run; it requires thirty-two pontoons to bridge the river;
river rising very fast.
February 25. — ^Raining very hard; have to quit passing trains;
bridge is broken, and several boats swept away; forage in Catawba
Bottom plenty.
February ^5.— Still raining; bridge not yet passable; large force at
work on it.
February 27. — Still raining; repairing bridge, but current so swift
and strong that it is impossible to pass the train; fixing anchors of
wood by catting down large oak trees and tying, by means of fifth-
chains, large rocks in the point of the crotch made by the two prin-
cipal branches of it.
February ^.—Bridge is safe to-day; crossed transportation of the
corps on the north side; still raining; mud bottomless; nothing but
cordurov of the strongest and heaviest kind will uphold the trains.
March 1. — Started at daylight; roads bottomless; soil, red clay;
corduroying all day; on country b3n:oad toward Taxahaw, S. C;
distance of day's march, seventeen miles; still raining.
416 CORRESPONDEKCEy ETC.
March J?.— Started at daylight; road Btill red clay and bottomlesft;
camped at Taxahaw, S. C. ; high winds in the evening and appear-
ance of clearing up; forage plenty.
March S. — Started at daylight; after four miles of red clay soil,
which still is next to impassable, strike sandy soil; take the Lancas-
ter and Chesterfield road, twenty miles from Lancaster; leave Lan-
caster and Chesterfield road nine miles from Chesterfield ; take Harley's
Ferry road; camped three miles from the cross-roads; the last three
miles of red clay soil, requiring corduroy; distance of day's march,
twenty-three miles.
3farcA ^.—Started at daylight; after four miles of red clay soil,
strike sandy road; distance of day's march, sixteen miles; rained in
showers during the day, in the evening clearing up; camped near
Sandsborough Ferry, on Pedee River.
March 5 and 6. — ^In camp.
March 7. — Crossed the Pedee River on pontoon bridge of forty-two
pontoons; marched fifteen miles on Fayetteville road; soil, after
crossing Pedee River, sandy; forage plenty.
March S. — ^Marched at daylight; crossed Lumber River on a bridge
— ^bridge about fifty yards in length; camped near thirty-four-mile
post^ on Fayetteville road; distance of day's march, twenty miles.
March 9, — Started at daylight; camped at nineteen-mile ix)8t from
Fayetteville; raining all day; distance of march, fifteen miles; have
to corduroy large portions of the road.
March 10, — ^Marched at daylight; camped at nine-mile post from
Fayetteville; distance of day's march, ten miles; still have to cordu-
roy large portions of the road.
March 11, — ^Marched at daylight; captured Fayetteville, N. C; dis-
tance of day's march, nine miles; established corps headquarters in
Government building, near the old U. S. arsenal.
March 12 and IS,— In camp at Fayetteville, drawing commissary
supplies and a few pairs of boots and bootees for this corps.
march H. — Crossed Cape Fear River on seventeen pontoon-boats;
camped one mile and a half from the river; weather fine, evening,
clouding up.
March 15. — ^In camp; 12 m. received orders to proceed with train
on Raleigh road ; road leads through a swamp, and being an old worn-
out corduroy, so much the worse; a heavy thunder-storm; distance of
day's march, six miles and a half.
March 16. — ^Wait for trains of corps to close up; 1 p. m. proceed
on Raleigh road to the intersection of Gk>ldsborough road; road very
bad; have to corduroy continually; distance of day's march, five
miles; forage scarce.
March 17. — Started at daylight, with the trains of the corps, on
Goldsborough road; road through, as the citizens informed me, is a
continual swamp till within the immediate neighborhood of €k>lds-
borough; have to corduroy every inch of two days' road; distance of
march, five miles; forage scarce.
March 18. — Started at daylight; nothing but swamp; slow work to
get ahead; crossed Black River on a log bridge; distance of day's
march, five miles; forage scarce.
March 20. — Started at 1 p. m.; still swamp; corduroyed constantly;
distance of day's march, five miles; weather fine.
March iPi.— -Started at 9 a. m. ; crossed South Fork of Falling
Creek; road very bad; commenced raining about noon; distance of
day's march, five miles.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 417
March 2M, — Commenced moving train acix>8S North Pork of Falling
Creek at 2 a. m.; crossed the creek on a log bridge; two miles after
crossing creek strike upland, with sandy soil; camped at cross-roads
of Cox's Bridge and Everettsville and Goldsborough and Dead Fields,
about three-quarters of a mile from Neuse River, and about five miles
from Goldsborough, N. C; distance of day's march, fifteen miles;
weather fine; forage plenty.
March 2S, — ^In camp; ordered trains of the corps to Kinston for
supplies; weather fine.
march 2JI^ — ^Left camp; crossed Neuse River on eight pontoons;
established headquartei*s at Goldsborough, N. C. The capture of
Goldsborough, N. C, being the close of the campaign from Savannah,
Ga., it will not be amiss at this place to give the gains of the quarter-
master's department of the Fourteenth Aimy Corps during that time.
Taking into consideration the long marches through swamps, compel-
ling often that the transportation should be harnessed the largest
portion of night and day to enable it to keep up with the troops, has
naturally been the cause that the percentage of animals abandoned,
killed, and died is larger than on the previous campaign from Atlanta
to Savannah, Ga.; the same remarks will apply to the feeding of
forage as have been enumerated at length on Uie close of my report
of ^e Atlanta and Savannah (Ga.) campaign.
For particulars of the captures, <fec., of animals during the cam-
paign Uirough the Carolinas, I have the honor to refer to consolidated
statement, marked No. 5, herewith annexed. I will only enumerate at
this time totals, namely: Total number of horses gained from &kvan-
nah to Goldsborough, N. C. , 361 ; number of mules, 806. Total amount
of grain captured from Savannah to Goldsborough, N. C, 2,867,820
IK>unds; total amount of hay, 4,055 iK>unds. Total amount of fodder
captured from Savannah to Goldsborough, N. C, 2,730,460 pounds.
March 25 to April 5, inclusive. — Stationed at Goldsborough, N. C,
engaged in completely fitting out the command. How necessary this
was it will only need to be mentioned that this corjMS drew a complete
suit for every enlisted man in the command, a good many of the men
having roally no shoes, stockings, <fec. , on their arrival at Goldsborough,
N. C. I would most respectfully draw the attention of the depart-
ment to the utter uselessness of sewed boots and bootees for troops on
the maroh. From an experience of four years in the quartermaster's
department in the field, I do not hesitate to say and give it as my
firm opinion, and have no doubt that the same is shared by every
quartermaster in the Western army, that the same, where troops aro
on the maroh and cannot draw new ones every two weeks, aro worth-
less; and so well is this understood by every one in this army that it
is an impossibility to issue any sewed shoes when any peg shoes can
be prociu^.
AprU 10. — Having completely fitted out, the trains wero ordered to
start at daylight on the Smithfield road about two miles from Golds-
borough; crossed Little River on a bridge; then road for about six
miles good; thence strike swamp, which, it having commenced rain-
ing duidng the foronoon, was soon impassable, and had to fall back
on corduroying; camped at night on the crossing of the Smithfield
dirt road with the Raleigh and Goldsborough Railroad; distance of
day's maroh, eleven miles.
AprU 11. — Started at daylight on road through swamps all day;
crossed Moccasin Swamp and Crock; distance of day's maroh, ten
27 B Br— SSiOBS III, VOL V
418 COBBESPONDENCE, ETC.
miles; corduroyed the whole distance ; camped three miles from Smith-
field; weather cloudy; forage scarce— hardly any.
April JT)?.— Started at daylight on road to Smithfield; three miles
swamp, and exceedingly hard to corduroy it; arrived at Smithfield
with the head of the corps train about 10 a. m. ; received the glorious
news of Lee's surrender; mass train at Smithfield for the purpose of
closing up, the roads being in so bad a condition as to make it nearly
imiK>8sible to run it in close order. 2 p. m.— Crossed the Neuse
Rivei on eight pontoons; take Raleigh road, which is hard and in
good condition; camp near Clayton's Station; distance of day's
march, fifteen miles.
^2>^ ^^.— Started at daylight; passed through Clayton's Station;
enter Raleigh, N. C, capital of the State, about noon; distance of
day's march, fifteen miles; road hilly; red clay; weather cloudy ; cap-
tured several car-loads of com and salt; corn slightly damaged by fire.
April H. — Left Raleigh at 10 a. m. on Hillsborough road, leaving it
about seven miles from town, for Jones' Cross-Roads; camj)^ at Jones'
Cross-Roads; distance of day's march, fifteen miles; weather sultry and
clouding up; roads good; road after leaving railroad in timber.
April 16. — Started at daylight; rain pouring down, making roads
impassable; took road to Holly Springs; had to corduroy every foot
of the road; distance of day's march, five miles.
AprU 16. — Started at daylight on Aven's Ferry road; camped with
corps trains six miles from Cape Fear River; troops have x>ossession
of both banks of the river; roads fair; weather fine; distance of
march, six miles; forage plenty.
AprU n to AprU 19 y inclusive. — In camp; foraging on the country.
April SO. — Marched back to Holly Springs; distance, . six miles;
weather fine.
AprU 21 and 22. — In camp.
AprU )85.— General J. C. Davis ordered myself with offtce to Raleigh
to attend to the wants of the quartermaster's department of corps;
distance, fifteen miles; road hilly; weather fine.
AprU 2S to AprU 27.— In camp; received ordere to prepare for home-
ward march; Johnston's surrender.
AprU 28 and iPP.— Loading trains for homeward march.
AprUSO.—l^hYQ Raleigh, N. C, on Hillsborough road, to Morris-
ville Station, then turn to the right for Fish Dam, N. C. ; camped on
south bank of Winn River; weather fine; rbads good; must, however,
after a few days' rain, require a good deal of corduroying before pass-
ing trains over them; distance of day's march, twenty-nine miles.
May i.— Marched at daylight; crossed Neuse River — fotxiable;
crossed Tar River on upper ford of Oxford road — fordable, but rocky;
camped at Oxfortl, N. C; weather fair; distance of day's march,
twenty-two miles.
May j8.— Marched at daylight on Boydton (Va.) road; passed
through Williamsborough; camped on Roanoke River, at Taylor's
Ferry; distance of march, twenty-eight miles; roads good; weather
fair; have to wait for pontoon section of Twentieth Corps to come up;
river too wide for one section of the pontoon train of the Left Wing.
Jfay 5.— By pontoon train delayed seven hours; crossed Roanoke
River at 12 m. ; camp at Boydton, Va. ; distance of day's march, seven
miles; weather fine; road good; thirty-three pontoons required to
bridge Roanoke River.
Mayi. — ^Man*h at daylight on Lewiston road; weather cloudy; load
red clay; camp at Lewiston, or Lunenburg Court-House; distance of
march, twenty-seven miles.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 419
May S. — Camp broken up, and leave at 5 a. m. ; cross south branch
of Nottoway Creek at the falls ; also north branch of Nottoway Creek—
the last has very high banks; pass through Nottoway Court-House at
12 m., having made twenty miles in the forenoon; camp thirteen
miles from Nottoway Court-House; distance of day's march, thirty-
three miles; weather very warm.
May 6.~-Start from camp at 4.30 a. m.; cross Black and White
Creek; cross the Appomattox at « « « bridge on nine pontoon
boats; camp near Swift Creek, fourteen miles from Richmond; dis-
tance of day's march, thirty miles.
May 7, — March at 4.90 a. m.; arrive at Manchester at 9 a. m.; dis-
tance of day's march, fourteen miles, having made the trip from
Raleigh, N. C, including a delay of seven hours at Taylor's Ferry,
N. C, on account of laying pontoon-boats, in seven days and four
hours; distance, as traveled by Fourteenth Army Corps, 190 miles, or
an average of twenty-seven miles per day.
May S, 9, and 10, — In camp at Manchester, Ya., preparing for
march to Alexandria, Va.
May 11. — Start at daylight; cross James River; pass through Rich-
mond, trains going out on the Mechanicsville pike; cross Chicka-
hominy Creek; camp at Hanover Court-House; distance of day's
march, eighteen miles; weather sultry, with appearance of thunder-
storm. 9 p. m. — Heavy storm; rain falls in torrents.
May 12, — Marched at 7 a. m. ; crossed Pamunkey Creek at Page's
[Littlepage's] Bridge; pontoons to be relaid every hour; creek rising
very rapidly; cross Aquia Creek and Richmond railroad at Chester-
field Station; camp near Mount Carmel Church; distance of day's
march, seventeen miles; road hilly; weather fine.
May IS, — Start at 6.90 a. m. on road for Raccoon Ford ; pass through
Chilesburg and New Market Post-Office; camp at Three-Cornered
Handkerchief; distance of march, seventeen miles.
May li. — Started at 4.30 a. m.; passed Steward's Tavern; camped
north side of Rapidan, at Raccoon Ford; weather fine; splendid graz-
ing; distance of march, thirty-three miles.
May 16, — Ordered, with office, forward; leave Raccoon Ford at
4.30 a. m. ; pass through Stevensburg, Brandy; cross Rappahannock
at Beverly Ford ; camp three miles from Warrenton, Va. ; distance
of day's march, twenty-five miles; country very fertile.
May 16, — Start at 5.30 a. m. ; pass through Warrenton, New Balti-
more, Buckland, and Gainesville; camp one mile from Centerville,
on Fairfax Court-House road; distance of day's march, twenty-five
miles.
May 17, — Start at 5.30 a. m.; camp with trains at Fairfax Court-
House; report from thence by railroad to General L. C. Easton, chief
quaitermaster Fourteenth Army Corps.
May i^.— Started with trains for Alexandria; established head-
quarters two miles from Alexandria; raining all day.
May 19 to 23. — In camp, refitting men with necessary clothing and
camn equipage.
May 24, — Grand review of Sherman's army at Washington City.
May 26. — Cross Potomac River and camp two miles from Wash-
ington.
May 26 to June li.^In camp.
June 16 to June 19. — On board of cars and transi>orted via Balti-
more and Ohio Railroad to Parkersburg, Va. ; from thence to Louis-
ville by boat.
420 C0BRE8P0NDEKCE, ETC.
June 20 to June SO^ inclusive, — ^At camp on Bardstown pike, two
miles from Louisville, Ey.
On the arrival of the Fourteenth Army Corps the trains of the same
were divided as follows : Each regiment had one wagon ; brigade head-
quarters, three; division headquarters, four teams, and corps head-
quarters, five teams. The balance of transportation was oi^amzed into
supply, ammunition, and hospital trains. Each regimental, brigade,
and division headquarters team had to carry, besides the baggage, at
least five days' rations of forage for the animals of their respective
command. The supply and ammunition trains of the corps were in
charge of the division quartermaster, and each supply train of a
division divided into sections of from twenty-five to thirty teams, in
chaige of a commissioned officer detailed and held responsible for the
taking care of and running of the train. These officers, having two
wagon-masters to each section of their trains, were therefore at all
times shortly acquainted with any hindrance, of whatever kind it
might be, as well at the head as at the rear of their train, and could
therefore, under all circumstances, keep their trains closed up — ^in
my opinion one of the most desirable principles in running a train
when there is a large amount of transportation on the same road.
I would most respectfully call the attention of the Quartermaster's
Department, as far as my opinion and the opinion of all the quarter-
roasters of this corps is concerned, to the utter uselessness of portable
forges for active campaigns. Having been on a constant campaign
from Chattanooga, in May, 1864, to Washington City, in June, 1865,
constantly compelled to use every spare minute for the purpose of
repairing transportation and shoeing animals, frequently after a long
day's march and after night, has proven that bellows will do better if
properly fixed up, are quicker got ready, and suitable as well for
repairing a wagon wheel or shoeing an animal. The following descrip-
tion of a blacl^mith shop, as attached to wing section of the Second
Division, Fourteenth Army Corps, train, as well as most others, will
give a slight idea of what, in my opinion, I have found to work with
the utmost quickness and dispatch: Fix a wagon bed on a two-horse
wagon (ours were all captured) long enough at the rear so as to rest
a small-sized blacksmith's bellows, with the noaszle to the rear, the
round part resting on the hind axle and the nozzle extending outside
of the bed; then fix a small and light frame-work above the bellows,
which, when the shop is in operation, supports the lever. A wooden
box, two feet square and ten inches deep, filled when in operation
with earth, constitutes the forge, it being transported empty on the
march. The front part of the wagon is used for transDorting one set
of blacksmith's tools, one set of wheelwright's tools, hurse and mule
shoes, <fec., and a small quantity of coal. The wagon to be covered
and drawn by two or four mules; the latter, on a long campaign, the
best. Two blacksmiths and one wagon-maker will be found plenty to
keep constantly in good order a section of from twenty-five to thirty
teams.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. E. REMINGTON,
lAeut. CoL. and Chief Quartermaster Fourteenth Army Corps.
Statement of quartermaster's property for the fiscal year ending June SO, 2S6S,*
Statement of clothing and camp arid garrison equipage for theflsoal year ending
June SO, 1866.*
•Omitted.
UNION AUTHOBITIB8.
421
Statement of public money for the fleocU year ending June SO, 1966.
Onhand Jnne 80,1864 147.87
Received from officers during tiie year 48,906.00
BeoeiTed from sales of property during the year 79.91
Total 48,898.78
Transferred to officers during the year 1,790.00
Expended during tiie year $16,667.66
Paid for purchases during the year 11,878.20
97,986.85
Remaining on hand June 80, 1866 18,787.98
Total 48,898.78
J. E. REMINaTOK,
Lieutenant'Colond and Chief Quartermaster Fourteenth Army Carpe.
Report of animais captured, abandoned, died, and killed by the guartermaeter'e
aepartment of the Fourteenth Army Corps during the campaiign from Savan"
nah, Qa., to Ooldtborough, N. C.
Hora«8.
I
Hales.
Headqaartors and Artillery Brigade..
First Division
Second DiTision
ThiitlDlvialon
79
167
287
180
148
51
98
41
121
421
62
148
280
iia
28
1
48
Total
Total gain .
722
888
25
1.886
489
J. E. REMmaTON,
Ideuienant-Colonel and Chief Quartermaster Fourteenth Army Corps.
Report of animals captured, abandoned, died, and killed by the quartermaster's
department of the Fourteenth Army Corps during the campaign from Atlanta
to Savannah, Ga.
Oommand.
Headqnartara
FlntDlTlaioD
Second DiTision ...
Third Division
Artillery Brigade..
Total
Total gain .
Horses.
18
116
209
161
542
232 I
12
15
45
104
57
269
Holes.
40
204
436
118
1.402
965
16
91
172
84
62
484
Jaoka.
Ponies.
J. E. REMINGTON,
Ueutenant<!olonel and Chief Quartermaster Fourteenth Army Carps,
422
Bepori of
Army
CORBE8PONDBNG£y BTC.
, abandoned^ died, kiOed, and lott by the FoMrteaUh
during iU eampaign through Georgia.
Mules.
JMks. J<
I
I
HMdqiu
FfntDiTlAioii
Seoond DiTtekn ..
Third DlTlsloB..,
ArtOkiyBriiiid*.
ToUl
118
IS
Hi
41
411
M
M5
RiABK».~D»flel0Boy In how— of Artfllwy Brigade daducted ftom gain In how of Thtid Dkwfakm,
Fourteenth Army Oorpe.
Bespeotfnlly Babmitted.
J. K REMINGTON,
Captain and Acting Chitf Quartermaster Fourteenth Army Corps,
Savannah, Qa., January 19, 18$6.
No. 96.
Hbadquabtebs Military Division of the Mississippi,
Saint LouiSy Mo.^ July f^Ay 1865.
Maj. Gen. M. C. Meiqs,
QuuriermcLsler-Qeneral U. S. Army^ WashingUm^ D. C:
General: In accordance with yoar verbal instructions given at
Washington City the 27th of June last, I have the honor to inclose
herewith a report of the operations of your department at Savannah
and in North Carolina while supplying General Sherman's army last
winter and spring.* The delay which has occurred in rendering this
report has been unavoidable on my part, and has been caused by the
difficulty of procuring the statements of property issued from the
officers who had it in charge. Several of them were on leave of
absence, away from their papers, and three aie out of service.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
L. C. KASTON,
Brevet Brigadier-Qeneral^ Chief Quartermaster,
[Xneloenre.]
Hdqrs. Miutary Division of the Missouri,
Office Chief Depot Commissary,
Saint Louis, Mo., July BO, 1866.
Brig. Gen. L. C. Bastok,
Chief Quartermcuier MU. Div. of the Miss., Saint Louis, Mo.:
General: In obedience to yonr request I have the honor to report
that the Quartermaster's Dei>artment transported for the Subsistence
'See SerieB I, Vol. LIU, p. 44.
UNION AUTHOBFTIES. 423
Department for the combined armies under Qeneral Sherman the
following Buhsistenoe stores, viz:
Heats:
Mem pork poonds.. 8,808,000
Bacon do 1,478,871
Salt beef do.... 8,810,400
Pre«h beef do.... 8,886,500
Total do,... 9,858,171
Breadataffs:
Hard bread pounda.. 17,987,450
Flour do 4,758,800
Corn-meal do 98,000
Total do.... 88,848,050
Vegetablee:
Beans ponnda.. 706,181
Peaa do 6,900
Bloe do.... 115,818
Hominy do 100,160
Potatoes do.-.. 90,880
Mixed vegetables do — 168,780
Total do.... 1,178,098
Coffee poonds.. 1,658,678
Tea do.... 16,705J
Sugar do.... 8,784,508
Soap do 898,168
Salt do.... 667,899
Pepper do-... 80,805
Candles do.... 107,857
Whisky gallons.. 46,414
Vinegar do.... 74,848
Molasses do.... 18,459^
Mieoellaneons: Hospital stores, &c pounds.. 866,750
These stores were sent from the various Northern cities of Boston,
New York, Alexandria, Fortress Monroe, and Norfolk, and were
delivered at the ports of King's Bridge, Savannah, Hilton Head, and
Morehead City daring the months of December, 1864, January, Feb-
ruary, March, April, and May, 1865.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
LOGAN H. ROOTS,
Captain and Commissary of Stibsistence, U. 8. Vohmieers.
lAti of vends and their eargoea sent from Savannah and HUUm Head to Cape
Fear Biver and Morehead Citg,*
No. 97.
Report of the m^ovements of the train of the Thoentieth Army Corps^ on
the march from Savannah, Qa.y to Oddsborough, N. C, January ^
February^ and March, 1865.
Headquarters Twentieth Army Corps,
Office Chief Quartermaster,
Near Qoldsborovgh, N. C, March SI, 1866.
Friday, January ^. — ^Left camp 9.30 a. m.; arrived at Monteith
3 p. m.; distance, 11.50 miles; weather fine, frosty; roads heavy.
Last Tuesday week, January 17, the First and Third Divisions, three
♦Omitted.
424 G0BRE8P0NDENCB, ETC.
bfttteries, corps headquarters, and regimental, brigade, and division
headquarters trains left Savannah on the new campaign, crossing the
islands into South Carolina; to-day the balance of the corps (Second
Division troops and corps train) marched from Savannah on west
side of river toward Sister's Ferry. General Bamum's brigade takes
charge of train.
ScUv/rday, January 28. — Left camp 7.30 a. m.; arrived in pine
woods 6.30 p. m.; distance, 14.41 miles; weather fine, but very cold;
roads heavy and swampy. Passed through good works, forts, ^c,
that had been built to oppose our progress to Savannah.
Sunday, Jantuxry B9. — Left camp 7 a. m.; arrived at Mallett's
farm, two miles and a half from Sister's Ferry, 2 p. m. ; distance,
11.61 miles; weather fine, cold; roads pretty good. Passed through
Springfield — nothing but chimneys standing. Came up with Four-
teenth Corps, which left Savannah one day before we did. Ordered
to send teams to Sister's Ferry for f or^e.
Monday, January SO, to Thursday, imruary 2. — In camp; weather
fine, warm, and rainy. Cavalry i>assing. Wednesday, February 1,
our men across the river engaged in coiduroying the road, occasion-
ally finding torpedoes.
Friday, February 3. — Left camp 6.30 p. m.; arrived at Sister's
Ferry 9 p. m.; distance, 4.28 miles; weather warm and rainy; roads
good. Received marching orders at 6.30 p. m. ; started immediately
for the ferry. Camped for the night on the bank of the river.
Saturday, February 4. — Left camp at 2.45 p. m.; arrived across
the river into South Carolina 5 p. m. ; distance, 2.80 miles; weather
very warm and bright; roads swampy — corduroj'ed. Crossed pon-
toons to-day; it was quite an animated scene; some regiments, on
touching the South Carolina shore, fiung their colors to the breeze
and struck up patriotic airs with their bands. Gun-boat Pontiac
lying at upper landing. Piles of hard bread and forage on the shore.
Sunday, February 5. — Left camp at 6.30 a. m.; arrived at cross-
roads near Steep Bottom 6 p. m. ; distance, 12.38 miles; weather
warm, fine; roads, swamp in forenoon, good in afternoon. Crossed
a swamp to-day, four or five miles long, where there was little or no
timber; every inch of it had to be corduroyed. Passed through
Robertsville; all of it burnt, as were all the houses along the ro^.
Men beginning to find forage in abundance.
Monday, February 6. — Left camp 9.30 a. m.; arrived near Beach
Branch 6.30 p. m.; distance, 16.47 miles; weather cloudy — ^raininthe
afternoon; roads pretty good. Buried two men belonging to the
First Division who had been killed by the rebel cavalry— murdered,
it is supposed. Food of all kinds now being brought in in profusion.
More property is destroyed in this State on our march than was
destroyed in Georgia. Passed through Lawtonville — nothing but
chimneys standing.
Tuesday, February 7. — Left camp 8.30 a. m.; arrived at Duck
Branch 6 p. m. ; distance, 6.71 miles; weather, rain all day and night;
roads very muddy; teams constantly getting stalled. Crossed Duck
Branch (Coosawhatchie Swamp), a running stream from eighteen
inches to four feet deep, and about 400 yards wide; part of the train
had to stay on the other (south) side till morning.
Wednesday, February 8, — Left camp 7.15 a. m. ; arrived at Buford's
Bridge 5 p. m.; distance, 13.41 miles; weather fine, cold, and dry;
roads good, out of the swamps. Crossed Big Swamp and Big Salke-
hatchie Bx/er— a terrible place to cross. Found on the east side
UHION AUTHOBmSB. 425
of the river extensive rebel works, timber felled, Ao. Forte pieroed
for four guns, oommanding the road through the swamp and acroSB
the river, showed their intentions, had they found time to get th^
cannon into position.
Thursday^ FAruary 9, — Left camp 7 a. m. ; arrived at Blaokville
5 p. m. ; distance, 19.33 miles; weather dondy and cold; roads good.
Rejoined onr command here.
Friday^ February 10. — ^In camp; weather fine and coM. Bestinff
in camp. First and Third Division troops destroying Charleston and
Angnsta Railroad. Two brigades of Second Division sent forward
to Duncan's Bridge, South Edisto River.
Saturday f February 11. — Left camp 7.30 a. m.; arrived at Dun-
can's Bridge, north side of South Branch of Edisto River, 11.30 p. m. ;
distance, 9.49 miles; weather fine and warm; roads good. lids is
a rich countiy. Forage and subsistence found in immense quanUties
to-day. Arrived at the river at 10 a. m., and waited till 10 p. m«
before we could cross the train. The former bridge havkig been
burnt by the enemy we had to construct one, together with one mUe
and a half of cordurov, containing six small bridses. Greneral Gk«ry
found some of Hood's old troops confronting him, who had erected
works on north side of river. Cavalry trains, 211 wiigons, and
Michigan Engineers, 31 wagons, joined our corps train to-day.
Sfwadaiy^ February IB.— Lett camp 8 a. m. ; arrived at Jeifooat's
Bridge, North Fork of the Edisto, 4 p. m. ; distance, 13 miles; weather
beautiful; roads good. Arrived at the river at 4 p. m. and found,
the enemy on the other side prepared to dispute our jMissage. Eirst
cannon firing (on our march) to-day; it was from the reb^. We
lost a few men in building the bridge, and several foragers were cap-
tured to-day.
Monday^ February 7^.— Left camp 1.30 p. m. ; arrived at Jones'
Cross-Roads 3 p. m.; distance, 5.93 miles; weather beautiful; roads
good. Cavalry train divided up among the divisions to-day, 65
wagons being assigned to First Division, 66 to Second Division, and
100 to Third Division. Crossed the river this morning; the Second
Division troops skirmished across, losing a few men.
Tuesday^ February H. — ^Left camp 8 a. m. ; arrived at Columbia
Croes-Roads 11.30 a. m.; distance, 7 miles; weather cloudy— rain
and sleet all night; everything covered with ice in the morning;
roads good. Traveled on good roads this morning, and camped at
noon. Escort six miles in front cut off from advance ; Capt. Benjamin
Reynolds, acting assistant inspector-general. Third Brisade, First
Division, captured, with his orderly, at the head of the column.
Wednesday^ February 16. — Left camp at 8.15 a. m.; arrived near
Lexington Court-House 3.15 p. m.; distance, 11.33 miles; weather
misty — ^rained during the night. Skirmished with the enemy's cavalry
all day. Crossed over sand hills of considerable height. Second
Division lost a few men.
Thursday^ February i^.^Left camp 8 a. m. ; arrived near Colum-
bia and Congaree Rivers 1 p. m. ; distance, 7.67 miles; weather fine;
roads good. Against orders to forage on fiank to-day. Pontoon
train (from Fourteenth Corps) joined us.
Friday y Febnwry i7.— Left camp 9 a. m. ; arrived at Saluda River
7 p. m.; distance, 6 miles; weather fine; roads good. Arrived at
river at 12 m., and waited until the Fourteenth Corps and cavalry
had crossed. First and Second Division train crossing all night.
426 COBBE8POKDEKCB, ETC.
Saiwrday^ February i^.— Left camp 9.30 a. m. ; arrived near Oak-
yille 4.30 p. m. ; distance, 9.42 miles; weather fine; roads good. We
finished crossing river to-day. One division of pontoon train ordered
to march with ns. Fifteenth Corps occnpy Columbia ; we understand
they f onnd a great deal of war material, and nearly burnt the whole
town.
Sfwnday^ Februa/ry iP.— Left camp 11 a. m. ; arrived at Freshly's
Ferry 2.30 p. m.; distance, 5.94 mUes; weather fine; roads heavy.
Disxx)6ed of all wall-tents, nothing but flies being used at all head-
quarters. Fourteenth Corps at Broad Biver first, and crossing ahead
of us, arrived within a mile of river and waited until morning to cross.
Monday^ Februcmf )0O. — ^Left camp 8.16 a. m.; arrived at Owens'
farm 5 p. m.; distance, 12.21 miles; weather fine; roads good.
General Jackson with one division crossed river and picketed all
roads. General Ward sends one brigade to picket all roads and
approaches to bridge till all is crossed, and then one battery protects
pontoniers in taking it up. Found on Owens' farm 2,000 bush^ of
com and 40 tons of hay. Grossed Little River to-day.
Tuesday y February f^l. — ^Left camp at 8.30 a. m. ; arrived at Beaver
Dam Creek, near Winnsborough, 5 p. m.; distance, 11.20 miles;
weather fine and pleasant; roads good but hilly. Arrived in Winns-
borough at 11 a. m., and found the town already in i)ossession of for-
agers (bummers) of the Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps, who had
plundered it and burned part of it, all of whom, who were caught,
were placed under arrest. The Fourteenth Corps arrived at town
simultiEkneously with ourselves. We marched through and camped
on the side about four miles.
Wednesday^ February )?)&.— Left camp at 8 a. m. ; arrived at Rocky
Mount Post-Offtce 6.30 p. m.; distance, 17.17 miles; weather cloudy;
roads bad and hilly. General Sherman joined the corps to-day.
Camped half a mile from Wateree River. One of our men belonging
to corps supply train found the bodies of two of our soldiers lying in
the woods murdered.
Thursday^ February 23. — Left camp 9 a. m. ; arrived at Colonel
Ballard's farm at 1 p. m. ; distance, 6.30 miles; weather cloudy, rain
during night; roads hilly. Commenced crossing Catawba lUver at
6 a. m. Obtaining a great many mules and horses now.
Friday y February 2J^ — Left camp 8.30 a. m. ; arrived at Hilliard's
plantation 11 a. m.; distance, 2.87 miles; weather, raining hard all
day; roads very bad; 11 a. m. met Seventeenth Corps on a road
intersecting ours, causing us to camp. Corduroying every foot we
came to-day.
Saturday J February 25. — In camp all day ; weather showery. Third
Division corduroying road ahead.
Sunday y Februa/ry 26. — ^Lef t camp 8 a. m. ; arrived at Hanging Rock
Post-Offtce 2.30 p. m.; distance, 10.12 miles; weather fine; roads cor-
duroyed. Marching since noon toward Camden.
Monday y February 27. — ^Left camp 10.16 a. m. ; arrived at Hanging
Rock Creek 11.30 a. m. ; distance, 2.36 miles; weather fine; roads very
bad — ^hilly. Crossed Hanging Rock Creek and ascended a steep,
rocky, muddy hill; going into camp on north side of creek.
Tuesday^ February 28. — ^Left camp 8 a. m. ; arrived at Horton's
Store 2.30 p. m.; distance, 10 miles; weather, raining; roads very
bad. Wagons constantly getting stalled. Captured a perambulating
bank from Camden in three wagons.
Wednesday y March 1. — ^Left camp at 8 a. m. ; arrived near Lynch's
Creek 2.16 p. m.; distance, 9.22 miles; weather cloudy; roads good.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 427
Eighty-fleoond IllinoiB was sent eleven miles last night to protect
Imler's Bridge, which they did, mnning the mill alongside of it all
ni^t, making flour and meal. We crossed the bridge at noon.
Thursday^ March B. — ^Left camp at 6.30 a. m. ; arrived at Chester-
field Conrt-Honse 5.30 p. m.; distance, 20.80 miles; weather misly;
roads bad. Troops and head of the train marched hard all day
through mud, crossing deep, rough-bottomed creeks, and taking no
rest whatever. Skirmishing with the enemy commenced about two
miles from town, and lasted into and through the village— two bat-
teries in x>osition shelling the fleeing rebels. Only corps headquarters
train got into Chesterfield, the balance of the train being seven to ten
miles back, where they camped for the night.
Friday J March ^.^n camp all day; weather fine but cloudy. The
balanoe of the train got up to-day all right. The First Division hav-
ing been sent to Thompson's Creek to save the bridge, their train was
ordered to join them some three miles ofP.
Saturday y March j^. — Left camp 7.30 a. m.; arrived near Sneeds-
borough, K. C, two miles from Big Pedee River, 3.30 p. m. ; distance,
10.47 miles; weather, rain in morning; roads horribly muddy. There
seemed to be in some places no bottoms to the roads all quicksand.
Arriving at the plankroad to Cheraw at 2 o'clock and finding the
Fourteenth Corps passing, we went into camp, giving them the right
of road. Part of our trains to-day were in South Carolina and part
in North Carolina. Obtained ten loads of lumber from mill on
Thompson's Creek for pontoon purposes.
Swnday^ March 6. — ^In camp all day; weather very fine. General
Williams asked permission to march to Cheraw and cross the Pedee
there.
Monday y March 6. — ^Left camp 8.45 a. m. ; arrived at north side of
Big Pedee 6.45 p. m.; distance, 14.01 miles; weather fine; roads,
plimk road to Cheraw— half mile — ^bad road across river. Marched
on plank road to Cheraw. At 10 a. m. heard a tremendous explosion;
found on arrival at Cheraw that it was caused by powder and fixed
ammunition set on fire by Fifteenth Corps soldiers, causing the death
of eight iiersons and wounding many. All the business portion of
the town burnt. The Fifteenth Corps had about finished crossing
the iM>ntoons on our arrival (2 p. m.). We commenced crossing at 4
o'clock, and were crossing all night.
Tuesday^ March 7. — ^Left camp 8 a. m.; arrived at Station 103,
Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad, 5.30 p. m. ; distance, 14.50 miles;
weather beautiful; roads very good. Passed by 2,000 barrels of rosin
on fire— a magnificent sight.
Wednesday^ March 8. — ^Left camp 8 a. m. ; arrived near Lumber
River 5.30 p. m. ; distance, 14.66 miles; weather, rained hard all day;
roads bad, nearly all corduroyed; Third Brigade, First Division, sent
four miles ahead to hold bridge across Lumber River. We met Four-
teenth Corps at forks of road traveling same way as ourselves; gave
them the plank road and cut our way two miles through the woods,
gaining a wretohed dirt road. The rain poured in torrents all day,
making the road impassable for rear column without corduroying.
Thunraday^ March P.— Left camp 6.45 a. m. ; arrived at Buffalo
Creek 9.30 p. m. ; distance, 8.65 miles; weather, raining hard all day
and night; roads, corduroyed the whole distance. Crossed bridge
over Lumber River; also six or seven creeks badly swollen by recent
rains. Pontoon train joined us. Second and Third Division train
had to encamp on side of Lumber River, being unable to cross till
morning.
428 CORBESPONDENCEy ETO.
Friday y March 10. — ^Left camp 10.30 a. m.; arrived near Rookfish
Creek 7 p. m.; distance, 13.20 milee; weather clondy; roads corda-
royed. Forage and subsistence abundant to-day. For the last week
it has been very scarce, partly because all the army has been together,
and partly because this is a wretched poor country. Received Gen-
eral Slocum's order restricting troops from taking anything but for-
age, Ac, and commanding them to destroy no property in North
cSux>lina.
Saturday^ Marchll. — ^LeftcampSa. m. ; arrived near Little Bockfish
Greek 5 p. m.; distance, 8.10 miles; weather fine; roads corduroyed.
First and Third Division troops push ahead ; Second Division and one
battery protect train. We struck plank road this evening and camped
alongi^de of it, corralling in a very small comi>ass.
Sunday J March 12, — ^Left camp 6.30 a. m. ; arrived at Fayette ville
2 p.m.; distance, 12.23 miles; weather fine— frost at night; roads,
plank. Found Fourteenth Corps in iK)6seB8ion. The two bridges
that spanned Cape Fear River had been burned by the enemy; two
pontoon bridges laid. Sent mail North from here; a IT. S. steieuner
arriving about the same time the rebels went out and our troops came
in. We are promised some supplies.
Monday y March IS, — ^Left camp 3.30 p. m.; arrived four miles
beyond Fayetteville, on east side Cape Fear River, 7 p. m. ; dis-
tance, 5.19 miles; weather beautiful; roads good. General Sherman
reviewed Twentieth Corps, marching company front through Fayette-
ville. The rebels in strength ahead of us on the road. Quarter-
masters ordered to send wiigons to river for supplies; also all trans-
portation that can be spared to send refugees, discharged soldiers,
and negroes to Wilmington; fifty men from each corps and the dis-
charged men acting as guard; Colonel Balloch, chief commissary of
subsistence Twentieth Army Corps, furnishing our contingent with
sufficient rations. One hundred sick sent to Fayetteville and shipped
to Wilmington.
Tueadcvyy March 14. — ^In camp; weather fine. Two (First and
Third^ divisions unincumbered save with ammunition wagons, and
three oatteries were ahead, Ac. General Geary and Sloan's battery
guard train. Same order extends through the army. Train is
ordered to move toward Troublefield's Store.
Wednesdayy March 16, — Left camp 11.30 a. m. ; arrived near South
River 7.30 p. m. ; distance, 11.15 miles; weather, thunder-storm; roads
corduroyed. Most of the train stuck in the mud all night.
Thwrsdanfy March 16. — ^Left camp 9.30 a. m. ; arrived at Jackson's
farm 5.30 p. m. ; distance, 7.29 miles; weather showery; roads cordu-
royed. The Michigan Engineers who were sent ahead to build a
bridge across South River during the night were unable to do so until
morning on account of the enemy. The bridge being completed by
10 a. m., we commenced crossing; the enemy threatening our flanks
and front, one battery was placed in position and proper disi>o6ition
made of the troops to cover the trains. On getting to our camping
place we found the Fifteenth Corps troops on right of road, lines
formed, skirmishers out, batteries in iK)sition, everything indicating
the presence of the enemy. Our two divisions had a hard fight, driv-
ing the rebels, capturing three pieces of cannon and a number of
pitM>ners.
Friday y March 17. — ^In camp; weather delightfuL Sent twenty-
four empty wagons to the front for wounded. The train sent to Cape
Fear River arrived to-day with supplies — some hard bread, coffee,
sugar, boots, and ehoes.
UKIOK AUTHORITtSS. 429
Saturday y March IS. — Left camp 6.30 a. m. ; arrived near Rainer's
Mill 8 p. m. ; distance, 8.56 miles; weather fine; roads corduroyed.
The plan adopted to-day of repairing the roads was new, and it was
good. Not a wagon was allowed to proceed until the road was made
good. The consequence was, when they commenced drawing into camp
they were all closed up, and kept continually coming in.
Sunday y March 19, — Left camp 6.15 a. m.; arrived at Canaan
Church 6 p. m. ; distance, 10.50 miles; weather fine; roads corduroyed.
Left Wing had a severe fight to-day, the enemy suddenly falling on
the Fourteenth Corps, driving it and making some captures from
them. The Twentieth came to their relief. Corralled in small compass
to-night, and extra precautions taken to guard train.
Monday y March 20. — ^Left camp 4 p. m.; arrived near Falling
Creek 8 p. m.; distance, 4.30 miles; weather fine; roads corduroyed.
General Geary started at 2 a. m. with First and Third Brigades for
the front, Captain Sloan's battery following. All ammunition and
ordnance wagons and empty wagons for wounded sent to front — 135
wagons. At 6 a. m. ordered to move train to an adjoining field, park
close; run the wagons in twenty deep, close up — ten feet between
rows — ^getting in 600 or 700 wagons in twenty acres space by 11 a. m.,
and by 1 p. m. a good and efficient breast-work inclosed the trains.
As soon as we were all properly cared for orders came to pull out and
march toward Goldsborough. Commissary wagons sent to front with
supplies.
Tuesday y March 21. — Left camp 6.30 a. m. ; arrived at Grantham's
Store 3.30 p. m. ; distance, 5 miles; weather, rained hard all after-
noon; roads corduroyed half way. At 12 m. came upon the Twenty-
fourth and Twenty-fifth Corps* marching on a road intersecting ours;
managed to fall in on same road, going on it a mile and a half and
camping. From 2 until 7 p. m. a furious engagement going on on
our left; incessant cannonading and tremendous volleys of musketry
could be distinctly heard, supposed to be Fifteenth Corps engaged.
Received 200 wagon and ambulance loads of wounded to-night.
Ordered to dispatch aU the intrenching tools and pioneers to the
front. Ordered to march to-morrow six miles to the junction of the
Everettsville and Groldsborough road with the Dead Fields and Golds-
borough road, and there establish a depot for supplies to be drawn
from S[inston. Colonel Mindil, of Second Brigade, Second Division,
to command post.
Wednesdayy March 22. — Left camp 6.15 a. m. ; arrived at Murphy's
plantation 1.30 p. m.; distance, 10 miles; weather delightful; roads
good. The country around here surpasses anything we have yet seen
in North Carolina for food and forage.
Thursday y March 23. — ^In camp; weather fine, but tremendous
winds. OiKanizing permanent quarters.
Friday y March 24. — ^In camp. Received orders to move; cannot,
our wagons being sent to Einston for supplies and to the front. Sent
for 125 wagons from corps headquarters. The hospital left here
to-day, crossing the upper pontoon bridge at 3 p, m. after attempting
to get over all day. Seventeenth Corps slaughtering mules by hun-
dreds on the banks of Neuse River. Wagons arrived from corps at
8 p. m. Ordered to load up and concentrate Fourteenth, Twentieth,
Fifteenth, and Seventeenth Corps trains here now; intrenched in
small space; four brigades and some artillery protect them in case of
* Reference is to the Provisional Corpe, commanded by MaJ, G^. Alfred H.
Terry and oonsisting of troops detached from the corps named.
480 COBREBFONDENGEy ETC.
an attack, which is not at all improbable, as everything on the road
to-day has been threatened by Butler's cavalry. In the middle of
the night the brigade belonging to the Seventeenth Corps was with-
drawn and sent to guard its train on way from Kinston with supplies.
Saturday^ March 26. — ^Left camp 8 a. m. ; arrived three miles from
Goldsborough on Wilmington and Weldon Railroad 11 a. m.; dis-
tance, 8.37 miles; weather fine — windy; roads excellent. Had a fine
march and joined our corps. Encamped in pine woods at 11 a. m.,
bringing with us (the result of two days' foraging around Murphy's
plantation) over 100 loads of com, most of which is husked and i>art
shelled and in bags.
Total miles traveled, 466.10.
RECAPITULATION.
We have marched 456.10 miles through innumerable and seemingly
impassable swamps ; crossed twelve rivers, among them the Savannah,
Saluda, Broad, Catawba', Great Pedee, Lumber, and Neuse, laige
streams, requiring pontoon bridges; constructed bridges (sometimes
in face of the enemy) over the smaller streams; crossed innumerable
creeks, many of them from their size meriting the name of river;
corduroyed at least three-fifths of all the roads we have traveled;
marching early and late, wet and dry, over swamps, sometimes in
sight and sometimes sunk in the mud nearly out of sight, we aven^ged
ten and one-third miles per day for marching days from Savannah,
6a., to Goldsborough, N. C. In all the way we have lost no proi)erty
by capture and only four wagons and five ambulances by breeding,
which could not be repaired on the march.
We have taken from the country: Horses, 868; mules, 1,262; com,
2,588,902 pounds; hay, 10,600 pounds; fodder, 2,219,001 pounds.
HENRY M. WHITTELSEY,
Captain^ Acting Chief Quartermaster Twentieth Army Corps.
No. 98.
Office Chief Quartermaster, Dept. of the Tenn.,
Nashville^ Tenn,, Aitgust SI, 1866.
Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
Quurtermasier-OeneraL U. S. Army, Washington, D. C:
General: In compliance with General Oiniers, No. 39, from your
office, dated July 1, 1865, requiring officers on duty in the Quarter-
master's Dex>artment to render an annual report for the fiscal year
ending June 30, 186$, I have the honor to report as follows, viz:
From the 1st of July, 1864, to the 7th day of August, same year, I
was continuously on duty as chief quartermaster of the Fourteenth
Corps and was present with that command during the memorable
battles of Besaca, Kingston, Kenesaw, Chattahoochee River, and
during a portion of the siege of Atlanta.
On the morning of the 8th of August, being within three miles of
the latter-named place, I was relieved of the chief quartermastership
of that corps and ordered to report in person to the major-general
commanding the Department of the Cumberland for duty as chief
quartermaster of the Army of the Cumberland in the field. (Greneral
Orders, headquarters, August 8, 1864.)
On the same date I reported and assumed charge as directed.
I remained with the general headquarters during the remainder of
the siege of Atlanta and entered that city with it, remaining there
UNION AUTHORITIES. 431
until the 3l8t of October, when I proceeded with the rest of the mem-
bers of the staff to Chattanooga.
Nothing worthy of note came under my notice while in Atlanta.
My principal duty there consisted of providing forage and the neces-
sary details wherewith to obtain it for the entire army.
The troox>8 had already been well supplied with clothing and camp
and garrison equipage. There was no dearth of subsistence. Forage
had to be obtained from the country, owing to the crossing of the
rebel General Hood over the Chattahoochee River and the consequent
severance of railroad connection with Chattanooga, the depot of
supplies.
There had been no accumulation (beyond ten days) of forage at
Atlanta. The railroad had already been taxed to the utmost to sup-
ply the army on its onward march from day to day, and with this ten
days' supply the break lasted from the 1st to the 26th day of October.
While in Chattanooga the battles of Franklin and Nashville took
place. Unable to reach my command, and the necessity of a chief
quartermaster's presence with the army being apparent, Lieut. Col.
W. G. Le Due, chief quartermaster Twentieth Corps, was appointed
by the major-general acting chief quartermaster in my absence.
I remained in Chattanooga, assuming general charge of the depot
and assisting in providing for the wants of Maj. Gen. R. S. Granger
in his attack on Decatur, procuring transportation, Ac.
On the 5th day of January I received a telegram from Major-General
Thomas directing me to repair to Nashville and report to him for
further service in the field. I immediately did so, arriving in Nash-
ville on the following 7th.
On the next day but one I proceeded with headquarters to Eastport,
Miss., arriving there on the 16th.
At this place my duties consisted of supplying the army with every-
thing it wanted in the shape of clothing, camp and garrison equipage,
and forage, and the furnishing of water transportation for the
Twenty-third Corps to LouisviUe, and the Sixteenth Army Corps
(General A. J. Smith's command), including Seventh Division, Cav-
alry Corps, Military Division of the Mississippi, and Artillery Brigade,
consisted of four divisions. The aggregate strength in commissioned
officers and enlisted men was 17,314; in horses and mules, 6,709; in
wagons and ambulances, 484. The embarkation began on the 5th of
February and ended on the evening of the 8th. The command was
supplied with ten days' rations of forage and fifteen of subsistence.
In ^very other respect it was also well supplied. About forty boats,
some of them the finest in service on the Western waters, were
employed in transporting this army to New Orleans.
It was while here that the overflow of the Tennessee River, unequaled
by any of former years, took place. I may state that I was on duty
with the troops in the field near this river during the period of the
great (although not to be comi)ared with this) flood in the spring of
1862, by which a large amount of public property was lost. Appre-
hending a similar flood this spring, I immediately on arriving at
Eastport took steps to prevent the accumulation and exposure of
public property at this extremely unprotected point. The troops and
a quantity of stores had preceded me about ten days. I also pro-
ceeded at once to inspect and correct the manifest want of system
and proper care of public property then existing. With the view of
having the valuable stores afloat, so as to enable us to remove them
quickly and with economy in the event of its becoming necessary by
432 C0RRE8P0KDENCB, ETC.
reason of high water, and to relieve several steamers under charter
detained at the landing with stores on board, and under orders from
the major-general commanding to make use of the steamers that
come freighted to Eastport to transport General Schofield's corps from
Clifton to the Ohio River, I ordered on the next day, by direction of
General Thomas, the large wharf -boat, known as the Crescent City,
to be towed up from Paducah to Eastport. The wharf -boat arrived
on the 27th following, and was immediately assigned for the storage
of clothing, camp and garrison equipage, and quartermaster's, medical,
and subsistence stores. The stores that were lying exposed on the
river bank were at first put on board; afterward those from the
steamers.
Previous to my arrival at Eastport large quantities of stores not
needed for the army had been received, while those actually required
had not come to hand.
Notwithstanding my efforts from time to time to prevent it, large
quantities of grain and other quartermaster's stores, in advance of
what was required for the supply of the troops and what had been
asked for by me, kept coming to hand; hence an undue accumulation
of grain at a depot subject at any time to an overflow, and where,
besides, there were no means of protecting it against the heavy rains
prevalent at that season of the year.
On the 24th of February, before the river had begun to excite
apprehensions for the safety of the public property that was, lor want
of storage room, left on the river bank, I directed Capt. W. A. War-
ren, assistant quartermaster, to apply to Col. R. R. Stewart, command-
ing Fifth Division of Cavalry, Military Division of the Mississippi,
and post, for a detail of men to report immediately and be worked
in conjunction with 300 of Captain Warren's laborers in loading the
stores day and night on the boats and barges detained at the landing
for that purpose. The detail reported tai*dily and worked as soldiers
badly disciplined usually work.
Soon the river commenced rising, but slowly. I now made requisi-
tion on other officers for a further detail of 500 men, and the day fol-
lowing for another 600. With these details I proceeded to transport
all the stores on the bank at Chickasaw, distant about two miles from
Eastport, and the only near landing accessible and above high-water
mark. On account of the backwater the stores could not be taken to
the high hills in the rear of Eastport. Finding that my present
strength of detail was insufficient to accomplish my purpose, I applied
to Brevet Major-Greneral Wilson, commanding Cavalry Corps, Military
Division of the Mississippi, whose headquarters was twelve miles dis-
tant at Gravelly Springs, for an additional 1,000 men, and stated in
my application the apprehension I felt for the safety of forage, unless
prompt and energetic measures were taken to remove it ere the river
rose to too great a height. I have no knowledge of that application
being acted upon. Every effort was made by myself and the officers
on duty in the Quartermaster's Department under me at Eastport to
save all the property in jeopardy. We had ample time to have re-
moved every sack of grain and other articles of property (that after-
ward became lost), and would have done so, I am assured, had the
details of soldiers asked for reported promptly and worked industri-
ously.
The department is greatly indebted to the foresight of Major-
General Thomas in directing me to order up the wharf-boat Crescent
City. Without it and its ample means of storage the loss of property
UNIOK AUTHORITIES. 438
would have been immense. The grain in best condition was removed
to Chickasaw first; the worst was left to be handled last, and was lost.
After the river had risen to such a height as to submerge the grain
all attempts to remove it were abandoned. Even if we had not done
so, and had succeeded in getting all or part of it away, it would have
been useless for any purpose whatever.
A large portion of the com received before my arrival and during
my stay at Eastport was more or less damaged ere it left the depots
on the Ohio River. I am of the opinion that it had been gathered
and sacked before maturity. The sacking, too, had been improperly
done.
The following statement of property lost to the Government by this
unparalleled overflow may be relied on as nearly correct:
Twenty thousand sacks of grain, 12 unserviceable wagons, 10 un-
serviceable and serviceable ambulances, 75 worn-out wagon beds, a
few old tents previously occupied by hired men of the Quartermaster's
Department. Its estimated money value is $100,000.
One hundred and forty-eight of the wagons that had been ten feet
under water were recovered during my stay at the landing and shipped
to Nashville. Many of the wagons and ambulances reported above
as lost lodged in trees and driftwood, and could not at the time be
got at. I have no doubt, however, but that subsequently upon the
subsiding of the waters many of them were recovered.
At one time, about the 28th of February, the waters reached the
unprecedented height of thirty (I think) feet above low-water mark.
On the 17th of March I applied to Brevet Major-General Wilson,
commanding the troops, for the convention of a board of survey to
determine the exact amount of public property lost and damaged by
the freshet and to fix the responsibility. Up to the time of my depart-
ure the board had not convened.
Although all the officers serving under me exerted themselves man-
fully to save the public property, one of them, Lieut. Delos Allen,
One hundred and nineteenth Illinois Volunteers and acting assistant
quartermaster, is deserving of special notice. This young officer dis-
played the most untiring zeal and industry in this respect. He not
only exi)06ed himself day and night to the heavy rains that continued
for days, deluging the surrounding country, but oftentimes waded up
to his middle in the water, compelling his men at the same time to
follow him.
Feeling that my services as chief quartermaster of the army were
no longer needed at Eastport, I left that place on the 19th following,
and proceeded to report to the major-general commanding at Nash-
ville, arriving there on the 22d.
On the 2d of April, by verbal order of the major-general, I went to
Ejnoxville, Tenn., and while there performed my duties as chief quar-
termaster of the army then in active service in that section of East
Tennessee, and also assumed charge of the depot at Knoxville and
the more advanced one of Greeneville. Nothing worthy of note
occurred while on this duty, further than I made it my special duty
to see to the well-providing of the army with all its necessary wants.
Active operations ending in this quarter, I returned to Nashville on
the 30th of the same month. The Fourth Army Corps, which had
been lying in the vicinity of Nashville for some time, now refitted
and paid off, was ordered to Johnson ville, Tenn., to embark for New
28 B R— SERIES m, VOL V
4S4 COBBEBPONDEKGE, ETC.
Orleans. I at once proceeded to Johnsonville to superintend the
embarkation of the troops.
The cori>s took up its line of march for Johnsonvilley by railroad,
on the 15th of June. The means of transportation was limited to
eight wagons and teams to every 1,000 men; altogether, the number
of animals was 1,300 belonging to the command. Its brigade of artil-
lery and wagon trains marched to the point of embarkation by land.
The embarkation of the troops having been completed by the evening
of the 18th, on the following day I returned to my station.
The organization of the Army of the Cumberland ceasing to exist,
I was relieved of my duties with it by Special Orders, No. 2, head-
quarters Military Division of the Tennessee, June 25, 1865, and
directed to report to Bvt. Maj. Gen. J. L. Donaldson, chief quarter-
master of the division, for further orders. This officer then directed
me to report for duty to Maj. Gren. George Stoneman, commanding
Department of Tennessee. I immediately assumed charge as chief
quartermaster of that department.
Not being accountable for public property, with the exception
of, at one time, some few articles of office furniture and clothing,
camp and garrison equipage, I have none to report as lost, destroyed,
or captured by the enemy while under my direction. For the same
reason no prox)erty captured by our army has fallen into my hands.
I may except some cotton, altogether about 585 bales, which, being
taken possession of from time to time by Major-General Wilson's
forces on their march to Macon, Ga., <fec., and shipped to me at
Nashville, Tenn., was immediately (as each lot arrived) turned over
to the proper officer of the U. S. Treasury Department. I set down
$95,000 as its estimated value. The cotton in question has been duly
accounted for on my property returns.
Statement of quartemuister'a property for the fiecal year ending June SO, 1865,*
Statement of clothing^ camp and garriaon equipage for the fieeal year ending
June SO, 1866 •
Statement of public moneye.
On hand July 1, 1864 $6,318.85
Beceiyed from ofScers during the year 296, 895.07
Total 803,718.92
Expended during the year 4,968.08
Transferred to other officers during the year _ 243, 612. 61
Remaining on hand June 80, 1865 64,283.23
Total - - 802,718.92
The balance on hand is deposited as follows :
Assistant treasurer, New York City 62,402.46
U. 8. depository, Louisville, Ky 158.64
In my hands 1,672.13
Total 64,283.28
* Omitted ; but see pp. 687, 688, of Elzecutive Document No. 1, referred to in
foot-note (•), p. 249.
UNION ATTTHOBITIEfi. 435
Staiemeni of properiy eaptured from the enennii, received bu Col, A, J. Maekay,
aseittant quartermaeter, and iu eetimated vahte, during me ftecal year ending
June 30, 1866.
Five Imndred and eighty-five bales of cotton (estimated value $85,000) oaptnred
by liajor-€^eneral Wilson^s forces on their inarch southward, and shippea to me
for difipofiition.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
A. J. MACKAT,
Colonel and Chief Quariermasier Deparimerd of Tennessee.
No. 99.*
Statement of publie moneys reeeived. transferred, dbe,^ by Col. M. C. Oarber, chitf
quartemuuter Military Diviaion of the Mieeissippi, in thefidd, during the ftecal
year ending June SO, 1866.
On hand Jnly 1,1864 1685.85
Received from officers dnringthe year 148,159.85
Received from the Treasury i)epartment 44,891.00
Total 188,186.90
Expended during the year 10,486.24
Transferred to other officers during the year 168,708.84
Remaining on hand June 80, 1865 15,041.12
Total 188,186.20
The balance is in drafts and U. S. Treasory notes, and is deposited in the First
National Bank at Madison, Ind.
I certify that the above statement is correct.
M. C. GARBER,
Colonel and Aeeietant Quartermaster.
No. 100.
Assistant Quartermastbr-Genbral's Office,
CincinnaU, OhiOy July 18^ 1865.
General M. C. Meios,
Quariefmaster-Oenercd U. 8. Army^ Washington^ D. C:
General: In compliance with General Orders, No. 89, from your
office, of July 1, 1865, 1 have the honor to report that from the 1st of
July, 1864, to Jnne 30, 1865, I have been on duty as assistant
qufiurtermaster-general, with my headquarters in Cincinnati, Ohio. I
have not personally had chaise of any clothing, or other public prop-
erly, the chartering or building of steam-boats, construction of rail-
wa3rs, or transportation of troops or supplies. A statement of the
public moneys received and transferred during the year is herewith.
The annual report called for by your General Orders, No. 29, July 6,
1864, was mailed on the 20th of August last.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
THOMAS SWORDS,
Assistant Quartermaster' General.
*For report of Col. H. C. Garber, dated Jnly 10, 1866 (here omitted), aee Series
I, Vol. lin, p. 49.
436
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Statement of public moneys reoeived and tranef erred during the year.
OnhandJtdy 1,1864 $50.4».07.
Received from of&cen dnrinff the year 274.70
Beoeiyed from the Treasury Department daring the year 17, 488, 840.00
Total 17.484,078.77
Transferred to other oiBoers during the year 17,402,501.05
Remaining on hand June 80 , 1865 81 , 571 . 88
Total 17,484,078.77
Balance on hand deposited :
Loaisville U. 8. depository
Cincinnati IT. S. depository
New York dty, asmstant treasurer
Total..-.
. true copy.
50,000.00
20,179.22
2,801.00
81,571.82
JOHN V. PUREY,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster.
No. 101.
Assistant Quartermaster-General's Office,
Philadelphia, July 28, 1865.
Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
Quartermaster-Oeneral U. 8, Army^ Washington, D. C:
General : I have the honor to inclose herewith a statement of pub-
lic money received, expended, transferred, ^c, at Philadelphia, on
account of clothing and equipage of the Army, by me during the
months of July and August, two months of the fiscal year end-
ing June 30, 1865, in compliance with General Orders, No. 39,
Quartermaster-General's Office, Washington, D. C, July 1, 1865, with
a note of my duties since 27th of August, 1864.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
G. H. CROSMAN,
AaaistafU Qiuirtemuister-Oeneraiy U. S. Army.
Statement ofpMic money received^ expended, transferred, dbe. , at PhOaddphia, Pa. ,
on aoeounfof dothing and equipage of the Army, bv Col. George H. Croeman, as-
sietant quariermasterifeneral, u. S. Army, during the months of July and August^
two months of the fiscal year ending June SO, 1865, in compliance with Omerat
Orders, No. S9, Quartermaster-OeneraTs Office, Washington, D. C.^July i, 1S6S.
Bb.
Cs.
ABioimtoiili«idJiiiieW,1864
Amooiii reoeiwd tram offloen dor*
iBg two montlit of the rear 1M4.
Amoont neelTod tnm Um TreM-
it doling ttkt
AflMnrntneolTod tnm mIm of prop-
erty and other aooroee dariog tbe
4! 74
6k MB. 971. 00
10,016.71
0,874.278.55
Amonot expended dnring two
months of the year 1M4.
Amount tranaferxed to other offi-
oera during the aame period.
IS.7O7.S610I
508,710.03
e, 174.870. 15
G. H. CROSMAK,
Assistant Quartermaster-Qemeral^ V. S. Army.
Pbiuldslpbia, July tt, JSSS.
NoTB.~Siiice my temporary relief by Ck>loiiel Perrjr, on the 37th of August,
1S64, 1 have been engaged, under the previous instnictions of the Qaartermaster-
General, in preparmg matter for the publication of a manual for the Quarter-
master's Department, and also in the settlement of my accounts with the
Treasury.
G. H. C.
UNION AUTHOBTTIES. 487
No. 102.
Office of Army Clothing and Equipage,
New York, July 15, 1866.
Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
Quariermasier-QeneTal U. S. Army, Washington, D. C:
General: In compliance with General Orders, No. 39, from your
office, I have the honor to report that during the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1865, 1 was on duty in this city, in charge of the dei)ot of
army clothing and equipage, providing supplies for the Army.
I respectfully submit herewith a statement of public moneys which
have come into my hands during the past year.
The duties performed by me do not make it necessary to render the
other statements described in the order referred to. My assistant,
Captain Darrow, will render a statement of funds and a statement of
Uie quartermaster's property which he has been accountable for.
Capt. R. M. Potter will send a statement of clothing and equipage
which has i>assed through his hands.
My last report, for the year ending June 30, 1864, was forwarded to
you on the 25th of August, 1864.
I am, general, most respectfully, your obedient servant,
D. H. VINTON,
CdUmd and Deputy Quartermaster- Oeneral.
Statement of publie moneys on account of the Quartermatier's Department tDhich
have come into theposeession of Col. D. H. Vinton^ deputy quartemuuter-general,
V. S. Army, at New York City, during the year ending June SO, 1866.
On hand Jnly 1,1864 9789,018.60
Received from Treasnry Department daring the year 88,845,007.26
Beceived from sales of property and other soorces daring the year. 7, 490. 17
Total 84,687,611.11
Expended daring the year 2,226,620.76
Tnuififerred to other officers daring the year 82,410,881.85
Total 84,087,511.11
D. H. VINTON,
CoUmet and Deputy Quartermaater-Oeneral.
Office of Army CLOTHma and Equipage,
New York City, July, 1866.
No. 103.
Deputy Quabtermaster-Gbnbbal's Office,
San Francisco, Cal., Av^gust 16, 1866.
Maj. Gen. M. C. Mbiqs,
Quartermaster-Oeneral U, S. Army, Washington, D. C:
General: In obedience to General Orders, No. 39, July 1, 1866,
from the Qnartermaster-General's Office, I have the honor to inclose
a report of my money transactions for the year ending June 30, 1865.
My last annual report was forwarded October 1, 1864. My duties
during the past year have been confined to this immediate station.
The constant supervision of some forty-five posts, widely extended
over an area of 1,500 by 600 miles, has left me no time for visiting
any of the outx>osts in the dex>artment. Transjiortation of army sup-
plies up and down the coast, up the Columbia, Colorado, and other
navigable rivers, upon or near which we have military posts, is fur-
nished promptly by the different lines of steamers and sail vessels,
including our own excellent brig General Jesup. It is but necessary
488 COBBESPOKDENCE, ETC.
to say that the water transportation has been chiefly under the snper-
Tision of Major Eirkham, quartermaster, to indicate that it has
been promptly and efficiently performed, and with a constant refer-
ence to all practicable economy. Our land transi)ortation has been
performed in part with our own six-mule teams and army wagons, in
small part (as in the mountainous portions of the Humboldt mstrict)
by pack-mule trains, and upon the longer and principal routes hy
contract. Forage supplies in Arizona and Nevada during the past
year have been very limited and the price very high. In most other
portions of the late Department of the Pacific they have been abun-
dant and much more reasonable in price. At the present period forage
of all kinds, except on the extreme frontiers, is 100 -per cent, lower
than I ever before knew it to be in the Department of the Pacific.
We are sufficiently provided with all necessary quartermaster's stores.
Incepting in some few articles, our supply of clothing is ample to
meet our warts until the receipt of our annual supply from the East
in October. The exceptions can be purchased here on very favorable
terms. I have been greatly aided and the Government greatly bene-
fited by the receipt of funds upon back estimates up to the 28th of
f^ebruary last, inclusive, by which many old claims were paid off, the
credit of the Gk>vemment better sustained, and purchases made on
better terms for cash. Owing to the very considerable appreciation
of *^ legal tenders," I have been able to pay all claims three months
ahead of my received estimates, and have been able to omit my esti-
mate for funds for the month of Aug^t, instant. (See my letter of
July 10, 1866.) In consideration of the prospect of active service
among the Indians in parts of Nevada and Idaho, but espe<aally in
Arizona, I respectfully suggest the expediency of forwarding the
amount of my estimates for March and April at an early date.
Besi>ectfully submitted.
Tour obedient servant,
B. B. BABBITT,
Colonel a/nd Chief Quartermaaier,
Statement of public funds received and eoBpended on account of the Quartermae'
ter's Dwainment during the ftacal year endingJune SO, 1866, oy Col. E. B. Ba6-
hitt, (ht^ quartermaster Department of the I\ic\fic,8an Francisco, CaL, made
in oompltanee with Oeneral Orders, No. S9, Quartermaster-OeneraVs Office, Waih-
ington, July J, 1865,
Beceived from officers dnringfhe year., $84,881.00
Beceived from the Treasnry Depaxtment during the year 6,840,004.00
Total 6,864,865.00
Bzpended doriiigthe year 10,714.26
Transferred to officers dnzing the year 5,467,028.30
Bemaining on hand Jane 80, 1865 886,618.64
Total 6,864,855.00
The balance on hand is deposited as follows :
In the hands of assistant treasurer of the United States, San Fran-
cisco, Cal 871,648.76
In hands of assistant treasnrer of the United States, Kew York 14, 708. 18
In my hands 866.66
Total 886,618.64
E. B. BABBITT,
Colonel and Chiff Quartermaster,
Chief Quabtermastbr'B Office,
San Francisco, Cal,, August 16, 1866.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 489
No. 104.
Quartermaster's Office,
New York, September 22^ 1865.
Maj. Oen. M. C. Meigs,
Qtutrtermaster-Oeneral U. S, Army, Waahingion, D. C, :
General : In compliance with General Orders, No. 39, current
fteries, from your office, I have the honor to transmit herewith the
following statements, viz:
Statement of public moneys received and transferred by me, Gapts.
F. J. Crilly, C. H. Peck (resigned), and W. H. Bailhache (resigned),
while stationed at New York.
Statement of quartermaster's property purchased, transferred,
Ac, by Capts. F. J. Crilly, C. H. Peck (resigned), W. H. Bailhache
(resigned), and A. S. Kimball.
Statement of amount paid on account of rail, river, stage, and
wagon transportation by Capts. F. J. Crilly, C. H. Peck (resigned),
W. H. Bailhache (resi|?ned), and W. W. Van Ness.
Statement of amount paid on account of ocean and lake transpor-
tation by Capts. F. J. Crilly, C. H. Peck (resigned), W. H. Bailhache
(resigned), and W. W. Van Ness.
Statement of stores transjiorted under my direction.
Of Forms B, £, and F, I have no statements to make.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
STEWART VAN VLIET,
Brevet Brigadier- General and Quartermaater, U. 8. Army,
Statement of public fiioneya received and transferred by Bvt. Brig, Cfen, Stewart
Van Vliet, quartermaster, U. 8. Army, in tfiefiacal year ending June SO, 18S5,
On hand July 1,1864 $476.10
Received from officers during the year 6,651.96
Received from Treasury Department during the year 20,271,198.78
Received from saleeof property and other sources 76,581.19
Total 20,858,908.08
Expended duringthe year 4,762.27
Transferred to officers duringthe year 20,165,410.88
Remaining on hand June 30, 1866 188,740.48
Total 20,858,908.08
The balance on hand was deposited as follows :
In sub-treasury, New York City 164,774.20
In office safe 182.86
In First National Bank, Philadelphia 18,888.87
STEWART VAN VLIET,
Brevet Brigadier-OeneraJ and QuariermaBter, U. S. Army.
QUABTBRMASTBR'a OFFICE,
New York, S^tember es, 1865,
Statement of public moneys received, transferred, and expended by Capt. F, J,
Crilly, oMislani quartermaster, during the months of July, Auaust, September,
and part of October, 1864, while at New York City, under the direction of Bvt,
Brig. Oen. Stewart Van Vliet, chief quartermaster Department of the East.
On hand July 1,1864 $8,869.20
Received from officers 4,269,808.74
Received from sales of property and other sources 6 887.66
Total 4,279,000.60
4^ COBBESPONDENCEj.ETC.
Expended $4,976,648.66
Traiuf erred to ofBoers 2,852.05
Total 4,879,000.60
STEWART VAN VLIBT,
Brevet Brigadier^General and QuariermaMUr,
QUABTKRMASTBB*B OFFIOB.
New York, September t2, 1866.
Statement of pMie moneys received^ eanpended. traneferred^ Ae., by Capt, CfhaHea
H, Peek^ assistant quartermaster^ U. 8, volunteers (since resigned)^ during
the months of July, August, September , October, November.and December, Igsfy
and part of January, 1866, while on duty at New York (Hty, under the direo-
tion of Bvi, Brig. Oen. Stewart Van V7ie}, chitf quartermaster Departm/eni of
the East.
Onhand July 1,1864 $8,576.80
Beceived from officers 258,856.28
Beceiyed from sales of property and other sonrces 108.50
Total 256,888.58
Expended 248,868.58
Transferred to offloers 7,874.07
Total 856,886.58
STEWABT VAN VUET,
Brevet Brigadier-Cfeneral and Quartermaster, U. S. Jbrmy.
QUABTSBMASTBB*S OFFICE,
New York, September tt, 1866.
Statement of public moneys received, expended, and transferred by Capt. William
H. Bailhache, assistant quartermaster, U. S. Volunteers (since resigned), during
Vie months of November and December, 1864, and January, February, Mardi,
and April, 1866, whUe on duty at New York City, under the direction of Bvt.
Brig. uen. Stewart Van Vliet, ehitf quartermaster Department of the East.
On hand Jnly 1,1864 $0.00
Beoeiyed from officers 5,880,187.86
Beoeiyed from sales of property and other sources 855.48
Total 5,881,048.78
Expended 5,667,558.18
Transferred to officers — 888,484.65
Total 6,881,048.78
STEWABT VAN VLIET,
Brevet BHgadier-Oeneral and Quartermaster, U. S. Army.
QUABTEBMASTBR*B OFFICE,
New York, September it, 1866.
A.— Report of quartermaster's stores purchased, transferred, sold, dbc, by Capts.
F. J. CrUfy, C. H. Peck (resigned), William H. Bailhache (resianed), and
A. S. Kimball, assistant quartermasters, at New York City, under the direction
of Bvt. Brig-. Oen. Stewart Van Vliet. ehief quartermaster Department of the
Ecut, in the fiscal year ending June SO, 1866.^
* Omitted; bnt see pp. 707-748, of Execntiye Document No. 1, referred to in
foot-note (•), p. 848.
UNION AUTHORITIES.
441
C'-'Staiement of amount paid on account of raU, river, stage, and wagon trane-
portatian by Capts. F, J. CriUy, CharUa H. Peek {resigned), W, H. Bailhache
(retigned)^ and W, W, Van Neaa, aenstant quartermasters, at New York, under
the direction 0/ Bvt. Brig, Oen. Stewart Van Vliet, chief quartermaster Depart-
ment of the 6ast, during the fiscal year ending June SO, 1S66.
Tranaportatioii.
Railroads.
Steam boaU,
bargee. &c.
Stagee.
Wjgna.
Total.
^^■ssss:^«dn.«
f7».423.87
a, 228. 08
29.934.25
$190,579.12
890*. 06
11,068.26
80.00
18.90
13. 800. 98
20.00
103.50
$920.66168
Priaooen of war and other rebeU .
(^fYJQlmic
43.881.58
26,442.28
TMal
854.585.70
50. Ml. 91
130.978.20
198,289.66
1,146.16
80.00
3,723.43
158,809.77
990,428.49
r^Kht
411,101.83
Total
914«607.61
1,064.00
823,262.85
8.815.67
1,826.16
168.583.20
274.70
1,401.529.88
Rxprnidltnnw ---
5,154.87
Omnd total
015,5T1.61
827,078.68
1.226.16
168,807.90
1.406,664.19
STEWART VAN VLIET,
Brevet Brigadier-Oeneral, <ftc.
CC. — Statement of anumntpaid on account of ocean and lake transportation by
Capts. F, </. CriUy, Charles H. Peck (remgned), ^- H, Bailhache {remaned),
and W, W. Van ffess, constant quartermasters, at New York City, under the
direction of Bvt, Brig. Oen. Stewart Van Vliet, chief quartermaster Depart-
ment of the East, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1866.
Passenffers:
Offlcere and men $50,288.04
CivilMms 586.02
Total $50,874.06
Freight 755,880.26
Total 806,754.82
Expenditures 2,228,097.60
Grand total 3,034,851.92
STEWART VAN VLIET,
Brevet Brigadier-Oeneral, <tc.
D. — Statement of all stores transported by Bvt. Brig. Oen. Steicart Van Vliet,
quartermaster, U. 8. Army, at New York City, during the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1866.
ANIMALS.
KJndortraDeportatioD.
1
1
1
1
1
38,470
74
100
tt.070
8.849
6,628
2,147
Total not owned by OoTemment. .
88,544
100
6.638
827
2,147
653
81,419
980
,
Grand total r
22,544
100
6,955
2.800
32,309
442
COBRESPONDENCEi ETC.
D.— Statement of aU stores tramported by Bvt. Brig, Gen. Stewart Van Vliet,
quartermaster y U, 8, Army, at New York City, during the fiscal year ending
June SO, JSeS-'-CaaHniied.
STORES.
Klndoi tnmsporteUon.
i!
1
1
1
1
1
2bM.
74,S06
1M.819
SVmm.
80, Sit
68,814
Tnu,
80.816
86,800
Tnu.
0,807
11.800
no
10.816
144,067
278,067
WnmMlt r. .*...... w .,r--^--
225.125
17.840
06,688
6,840
66,125
20.814
21.116
8.206
11.185
2.014
422,134
60,211
Gnod totel
242.965
105,478
05,480
H810
18,140
481,849
STEWART VAN VUET,
Brevet Brigadier-Qeneral and Quartermaster,
No. 105.
Washington^ D. C, July £7, 1S66.
Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. Meios,
Quartermaster- General U. S. Armyy Washingtofij D. C:
General: At your request I furnish you with the following data,
obtained in my recent trip from Santa F6, N. Hex., to Fort Leaven-
worth, Kans. :
There are two old and well-established routes from Fort Union (the
main depot of supplies for the troops in Mew Mexico) to Fort Leav-
enworth, viz, the Raton and the Cimarron routes. The former
IMUSses over the Raton Mountain, crossing the Purgatory and Timpas
Rivers and the Arkansas River at Bent s Old Fort; then down that
stream, passing Fort Lyon, Colo. Ter., forty miles below; thence
ninety miles to Choteau's Island, where it unites with a branch of the
Cimarron route, called Aubrey's Cut-oflf; thence down the river
eighty miles to where the Cimarron route crosses the Arkansas
River. The two routes unite at this point, known as the Cimarron
Crossing, and form one route to Fort Leavenworth. The grass on the
Raton route is generiJly good and abundant, but the distance is 100
miles farther t^n by the Cimarron, and the road is much worse.
Fort Lyon, on the Raton route, is a collection of stone buildings
erected in 1860-'61 by six companies of the then First U. S. Cavalry,
under the late General Sedgwick, then lieutenant-colonel of that
regiment. Nothing of any consequence has been done to the build-
ings since he left them. They are incomplete, but habitable, and
are, or were as I passed, occupied, I believe, by three small companies
of Colorado Volunteers. The animals, both horses and mules, of this
command were not in very good order, which was attributed to the
want of grain, of which they had been without entirely for several
months until a few days before I passed, when a large supplv was
received from Fort Leistvenworth. The grain for this post should
come from the settlements on the Arkansas River, which commence
some sixty-five miles above the i)Ost, and from those on the Huerfano
and Purgatory Rivers, tributaries of the Arkansas from the south,
UNION AUTHORITIEg. 443
and from which it oonld be hauled at certainly less expense than
from Fort Leavenworth. The crops through the section above
referred to I examined closely, and they promise an abundant har-
vest. Hay can be had in any quantitv within from three to ten miles
of the post, and should not cost over 116 or 120 per ton delivered and
stacked. The quartermaster's and commissary stores are in some
buildings known as Bent's New Fort, about one mile below, on the
river. It would, I think, be better if the post were completed and
the stores provided with storage there.
The Cimarron route branches off from the Baton at or near Fort
Union in a northeasterly direction, crosses the Ocate Creek, Red
River, McNeiss', Whetstone, and Rabbit Ear Creeks, Cimarron River
where the Aubrey Cut-off branches in a northern direction. Sand
Creek, and a sand desert of fifty or sixty miles to the Arkansas River,
which it crosses, uniting with the Raton route. The grass on the
Cimarron route is as good as on the other, but the fuel and water not
so plentiful; yet there is enough for passing trains. During very dry
seasons the water is quite scarce, and some of it, especially at the
Cimarron River, Is brackish. It is the route, however, generally
traveled by merchants' trains, and now that rebel raids from Arkan-
sas and Texas are not to be feared, should be the route traveled by
the Government contractors, as it is nearly if not quite 100 miles
shorter than the Raton route, and the contract is so much per 100
pounds per 100 miles. The only encampment of troops on this route
is at Cedar Bluffs, a point near what is known as Upper Cimarron
Spring, about 140 miles from Fort Union, or nearly half way between
that post and the Cimarron Crossing, which is just 800 miles. This
encampment consists of three companies of volunteers under CoL
Christopher Carson, and is supplied from Fort Union. The command
will return to Fort Union in November. A permanent camp or post
should be established on this route at or near the present one of Col-
onel Carson's, where fuel and water can be procured in sufficient
quantities. Three companies, one of cavalry and two of infantry,
would suffice for the garrison.
From the Cimarron Crossing, wher^ the two routes unite, the road
passes down the river about thirty miles to Fort Dodge. This post
consists of a few huts made of poles set endwise in the ground and
covered with dirt and tents, inclosed by a ditch and a dirt embank-
ment, and garrisoned, I believe, by five companies of volunteers under
a Major Ajrmstrong. A few days before I passed two Indians drove
off almost all the public animals from this post. These had hardly
gotten the stock awav before a large number of their people, esti-
mated variously at from 600 to 5,000, showed themselves on the
surrounding hills.
The grain for Fort Dodge is hauled from Forts Riley and Leaven-
worth. Hay is abundant in the river bottom near the post and should
not cost over 120 per ton, delivered and stacked. Fuel and building
material, like that used in making the huts that they now have, can,
I was informed by the post quartermaster, be obtained in sufficient
quantities within fifteen miles of the post on either side of the river.
From Fort Lyon to Fort Dodge, a distance of about 200 miles,
there are no troops. I am of the opinion that a four-company post,
two of cavalry and two of infantry, should be established about half
way between these two posts, and that if the troops were active it
would protect the travel more from the Indians than anything else
that could be done.
444 COBRBSPONDENCBy BT€.
The road paflses down the river from Fort Dodge for some eight or
ten milee, there dividee — one part, of 100 miles in length, following
the river, with plenty of water; the other passing over the ridge,
without water in dry seasons, cutting off some thirty miles and
uniting with the river route at Fort Lamed, on Pawnee Fork. Fuel
on these two roads is scarce, and trains are almost entirely dependent
for it on the dried excrement of buffalo and the cattle of trains,
familiarly known as ** buffalo chips/' The grass is good.
Fort Lamed is a i>ost of four companies, some sixty-five miles by
the rid^ road and 100 miles by the river road, below Fort Dodge. It
was built in 1858, 1859, and 1860, of logs set endwise in the ground
and roofed with earth. It is on the Pawnee Fork, but too far from
the road, is surrounded by an abundance of fuel, water, and good
grazing. Hay can be cut within a few miles of the post at a cost, I
should think, of about 120 per ton, delivered. It is a proper place for
a military post and should be the depot of supplies for any troops
acting against Indiafts on that line. The grain for this post comes
from Forts Riley and Leavenworth. It can and should come from the
country around Council Grove and Fort Riley, and thus save At least
transporting it 100 miles.
At Fort Lamed the road again divides, one part, a new route, by
way of Fort Riley, Kans. There are troops on this route at Fort
Ellsworth, where the road crosses the Smoky Hill Fork of the Kansas
River, at Fort Riley and at Topeka. The other route (the old Santa
F6 trail) continues down the Arkansas River some fifty miles, crosses
Walnut, Cow, and Little Arkansas Creeks, to Council Orove, at all of
which i)oints are troops; thence via Burlingame and Lawrence to
Fort Leiavenwortii, Kans.
For any further information with regard to distance, Ac., I would
respectfully refer you to the accompanying journal of my last trip
across the plains.*
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. C. McFERRAK,
Major and Quartermaster,
Washington, D. C, Jvly 26^ 1866.
Bvt. Maj. Qen. M. C. Meigs,
QuaHermaeter-Oeneral U. S. Army^ Waehinglon^ D. C;
Gbnbral: In obedience to your verbal instructions of yesterday,
and without other data than such as my memory furnishes, I proceed
to give you a synopsis of my services as chief quartermaster Depart^
ment of New Mexico from the 1st of October, 1862, to the present
time.
On the 1st of October, 1862, 1 relieved Bvt. Lieut. CoL James L.
Donaldson, quartermaster, U. S. Army, as chief quartermaster of the
department. Colonel Donaldson transferred to me a list of the esti-
mated indebtedness of the quartermaster's department which had
accmed under him as chief quartermaster of the Department of New
Mexico, amounting to over 1^25,000. I afterward found the indebt-
edness to be about 1100,000 more. The credit of the department was
very low and certified vouchers selling at a ruinous discount. Almost
all the supplies at Albuquerque, a subsistence depot, and at Santa F^,
tiie headquarters of the dei>artment, had been destroyed by the offi-
cers in char^ of them to prevent their falling into the hands of the
* Omitted: hat seeipp. 746-748, of Executive Docninent No. 1, referred to in
foot-note («), p. 849.
UNION AUTHOBITDSB. 445
enemy; Fort Fauntleroy was abandoned, and many of the stores at
that point were also destroyed, which, with the abandonment of
Forts Fillmore and Stanton and consequent losses of Gk>vemment
property, left the troops in New Mexico with very limited supplies.
All this occurred before I became chief quartermaster and had been
but partially remedied. By great exertions, assisted by Capt. H. M.
Enos, assistant quartermaster, and all my other assistants, and sus-
tained by yourself and the department commander, most of the out-
standing debts were paid off, the credit of the Quartermaster's
Department restored, and the 1nrooi>s comfortably supplied.
Immediately after I became chief quartermaster a force of six or
more comi)anies was put into the field against the Apache tribe of
Indians, in and around Fort Stanton, and kept actively engaged
almost all winter. These troops were well supplied, and the cam-
X>aign resulted in the surrender of over 400 out of some 600 or 700, of
which the tribe consisted, and in placing them on a reservation near
Fort Sumner, 1^ miles east of Fort Stanton. The transportation of
these Indians to their new home was a duty that devolved upon and
was promptly performed by the Quartermaster's Department. During
the continuance of the campaign the new posts of Forts Sumner and
Wingate, the latter to replace Fort Fauntleroy in the country occupied
by the Navajo Indians, had to be located and commenced; the quar-
ters at Fort Stanton and Santa F6, which had been recklessly burned,
had to be repaired; the corrals and stabling at Santa F^, which were
insufficient and miserable, had to be rebuilt almost entirely. It also
became necessary to erect suitable buildings at or near Fort Union
(which the Texan invasion demonstrated as the proper point for the
main supply depot) to quarter the garrison and properly secure the
supplies for the entire department — of the subsistence and quarter-
master's dei>artments and of clothing and equipage. This work was
promptly commenced, and much of it has been completed; the
remainder is rapidly approaching completion.
Three other posts — Fort Whijiple, in Arizona Territory, near Pres-
cott, the seat of government of that Territory, and over 350 miles
west from Albuquerque, N. Mex. ; Fort Cummings, sixty miles west
of the Mesilla Valley, on the old Butterfield route to California from
Little Rock, Ark.; and Fort Bascom, N. Mex., on Red River, about
110 miles southeast of Fort Union — ^were located, commenced, and are
far advanced toward completion.
In the summer of 1863 a large force was organized and put into the
field against the Navajo tribe of Indians, the hereditary desx>oilers of the
people of New Mexico for over 200 years, who number in men, women,
and childen at least 10,000 or 11,000 souls. Capt. A. B. Carey, Thir-
teenth U. S. Infantry, one of the best officers in our or any other serv-
ice, consented, at my request, to act as chief quartermaster of the
exx)edition. Under his able administration the trooi)s were amply
supplied with every facility to carry on the campaign, even through
an unprecedented hard winter; and it resulted in the surrender and
transfer of over 9,000 of the tribe to a reservation over 400 miles from
their hereditary homes. This was made by and at the expense of the
Quartermaster's Department, with mule and ox wagons, over a desert
almost destitute of forage and but little water, except at a few points.
The Quartermaster's Department was required and did furnish blan-
kets, cooking utensils, much of the subsistence, ^c, for this large
number of people. The grain furnished for their subsistence by the
Quartermaster's Department was afterward paid for at cost by the
446 COBEESPONDBNCEy ETC.
Sobsistenoe Department. After their location on the reservation they
were fnmiBhed by the Qnartermaster's Department with farming
implements, animals, Ac., to assist them in opening farms.
Other large and small commands were put into the field against the
Comanche, Kiowa, and other hostile tribes, and all well equipped and
supplied wit}fL all tibat pertains to the Quartermaster's Department,
and necessary for their efficiency.
Owing to the demand caused by the necessity of feeding com and
wheat to captured Indians on the reservation, the price of those arti-
cles increased very much, and it became necessary to reduce the grain
rations to animals to six and seven i)ounds each per day. This
resulted in the loss of a number of horses and mules, and the reduc-
tion in the efficiency of all public animals, but not to that extent as
to interfere materiallv with the business of the department, most of
the freighting from the main depot to the various posts being done
under contract.
In addition to the posts mentioned above as having been located
and undergoing repairs or being built, there are two others which
were located this summer and are under construction at this time,
viz: Fort McBae, about forty miles south of Fort Craig, N. Mex., six
miles off the line from Santa F6 to El Paso, and on what is known as
the ''Jornada del Muerto," or dead man's journey, a desert in a bend
of the Rio Grande, almost destitute, for eighty miles, of water; and
Fort Selden, at the other end of the "Jornada," where the road
comes down to the river. Each of these posts is for quartering two
companies, one of cavalry and one of infantry, and they are veiy
important.
The grain for the various x>osts has usually been purchased in open
market at prices approved by the chief quartermaster, and until the
last two or three years in sufficient quantities from the producers and
merchimts to answer all demands. For the last three years t^e
drought and insects have destroyed so much grain that com has had
to be sent out from Fort Leavenworth, Eans. These causes, and the
unprecedented rise in the Rio Grande, which has ruined almost all
the crops on its banks, have this year reduced the amount raised in
Kew Mexico to less than was ever known before.
Hay for the use of the animals is obtained in the vicinity of the
posts, and by contract, at an average cost of about $45 per ton of
2,240 xK)undB. Some years the crop is short, but usually sufficient
can be had to last the winters.
The Department of New Mexico embraced, for most of the time
that I was chief quartermaster, the entire Territories of New Mexico
and Arizona and a part of Northwestern Texas.
The sources of supplies for troops in the department were Saint
Louis, Mo., Fort Leavenworth, Kans., and other points east of those.
From Fort Leavenworth the transportation of these supplies is by
ox and mule wagons through the Indian country, a distajiee of 750
miles to the main depot for the department at Fort Union, N. Mex.
There they are received and stored, and from thence distributed as
required, by wagon transportation, to the various posts and com-
mands. Their distribution as well as transportation from Fort
Leavenworth to the depot (Fort Union) is done by contract, awarded
to the lowest responsible bidder, after due public notice; that from
Fort LeavenworUi to Fort Union being given out by the depot
quartermaster at Fort Leavenworth, and that from Fort Union to the
various posts by the chief quartermaster Department of New Mexico.
This course I consider the best for the United States.
UNION AUTHOBITISB. 447
The headquarters of the department are at Santa F6, the capital of
the Territory, and comprising about 6,500 souls, mostly Mexicans.
The city, like all other towns in New Mexico, is built of sun-dried
bricks, or adobes, twenty inches long, ten inches wide, and four
inches thick, some larger and some smaller. The houses constructed
of these bricks are cool in summer and warm in winter, are generally
one story high, and present at a distance the appearance of a collec-
tion of brickkilns.
The above is as full a report as I can make without access to my
papers, and for further details I would resx>ectf ully refer you to my
previous annual report, now in vour office.
I think that the quartermasters department in New Mexico has been
as efficient and has met with fewer losses and fewer dishonest agents
than in any part of the United States from the 1st of October, 1862,
to the present time, and deducting the indebtedness of my prede-
cessor when I relieved him, and the cost of repairs to public buildings,
^c, made necessary by damage, abandonment, Ac, before I became
chief quartermaster, I challenge a comparison of my expenditures
with those of any previous years, confident of its being favorable. I
know it will be if the difference between gold and Treasury notes and
the increased price of everything consequent upon the war is taken
into consideration.
Very resi)ectfully, your obedient servant,
J. C. McFERRAN,
Major and Quariermaster.
No. 106.
Depot Quartermaster's Office,
Cincinnati^ Ohio^ September 5, 1865.
Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
Quartermaster- General U, 8. Army, Washington, D. C:
General: In compliance with General Orders, No. 39, current
series, from your office, I have the honor to submit this my annual
report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865. My last annual
report was forwarded on October 1, 1864.
This report embraces the following-named papers, which are here-
with, v^z:
Statement of public moneys for which I have been responsible dur-
ing the year, marked No. 1.
Form A, statement of quartermaster's property for which I have
been responsible during the year, marked No. 2.
Abstract of contracts for clothing and equipage made by me during
the year, marked No. 3.
Statements according to Forms B, C, CC, D, £, F, and G are not
forwarded, because not required from the nature of my duties during
the year.
From June 30, 1864, until September 16, of that year, I had imme-
diate charge of the clothing and equipage branch of the department
at this depot. On the latter date I was relieved by Col. W. W. McEim,
Quartermaster's Department, having tendered my resignation as cap-
tain and assistant quartermaster, U. S. Army, some time previously.
By Special Orders, No. 76, Adjutant-General's Office, February 15,
1866, 1 was assigned as chief quartermaster of this dex>ot with the
rank of colonel, Quartermaster's Department, and ordered to relieve
Col. W. W. McEim, Quartermaster's Department, then in charge of
448 COftBBSt»OKD£NCE, ETC.
this depot, which I did on February 22, 1865, under which order I
still continue to serve. As the clothing and equipage branch consti-
tutes the main portion of the business of the depot, such remarks and
information as I can furnish in relation thereto will be submitted in
connection with the annual report called for by you in letter of
August 1, 1865, which report is being prepared as speedily as possible.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
C. W. MOULTON,
Colonel and Depot Quartermcuder.
Kg. 1,—A ttatement of pMie numeps far tehidi Col, C W. Jfoutton, depoi
quariemuuier <U OineinnaH^ OfUo, fuu been retponeOfle during the JUotjU pear
ending June SO, 1866.
Beoeived from oi&cers during the year $10,429,618.89
BeoeiTed from Treasnxy Department during tiie year 28,457,996.90
BecelTed from sales of property during the year 16,286.11
Total 88,908,900.90
Expended dnrinffthe year 18,252,562.18
Transferred to <n6cer8 during the year 18,084,772.81
Remaining on hand June 80, 1866 2,616,576.41
Total 88,908,900.90
Balance on hand Jnne 80, 1865, deposited as foUows :
Oertificateof indebtedness 2,857,848.94
First Kational Bank, Philadelphia . 281,888.15
First National Bank, Cincinnati 12,822.45
Assistant Treasnrer United States, New York 14,088.85
Gash in office safe 588.52
2,616,576.41
C. W. MOULTON,
CdUmd and Depot Quartermatier.
A.
No. 2,'Statement of cniortermaater^s property for which Col. C. W, Moultan, depoi
quartermatter at Cincinnati, OhiOy hoe been responeible during the fiscal fear
ending June SO, 1866,*
Abtitraet of eontraete for dothing and equipage made bv Col. C. W. MouUon,
dqpot quartermaster at the Cindnnaii depot, for the fiscal year ending June SO,
No. 107.
Chief Quabtermastbr^s Office,
Saint Louis, Mo., SepteTnber 19 y 1866.
MaJ. Gen. M. 0. Meios,
QuartermasteT'Gfeneral U. 8. Army, Washington, D. C:
Obnbral: In compliance with General Orders, No. 39, Quarter-
master-General's Office, Washington, July 1, 1865, 1 have the honor
to call yoor attention to my last annual report, forwarded to your
office September 20, 1864, and to report as follows:
Dorinff the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, 1 was stationed on
duty at Saint Louis, Mo., as chief quartermaster of the Department
•Omitted; hat see pp. 752-754, of Ezecntive Docnment No. 1, referred to in
footrnote (•),?. 248.
UNION AUTHOBITIE8. 449
of the Misaoari and of the Saint Lonia depot. As chief quartermaster
of the dei)ot I have superintended the procurement and issue of all
kinds of quartermasters supplies required, not only for troops serv-
ing in the Department of the Missouri, but for those operating in
remote sections of country, and having for their bases the dei)ots of
Cairo, Memphis, Nashville, Devall's Bluff, Little Rock, Fort Smith,
Fort Leavenwoith, ^c, which have, to a greater or less extent, been
supplied from the depot under my control.
fVom and previous to the commencement of the period for which
the report is required until the dOth of November, 1864, 1 had, in
addition to my other duties, personal charge of the inrocurement and
issue of mules and artiUeiy horses, wagons, ambulances, harness,
ACy at this depot. On that date (November 30), by your order, the
public animals were transferred to Capt. Inffham Coryell, assistant
quartermaster, and the affairs pertaining to the First Division of the
Quartermaster's Department here became a separate establishment,
under the control of Captain Coryell, orders affecting the same pro-
ceeding direct to him from Washington.
Soon after I transferred the wagons, ambulances, harness, ^c, to
Capt. J. L. Woods, assistant quartermaster, who still, under my
direction, has charge of that species of property.
In the month of October, 1864, the prosecution of the campaign in
this State against the rebel General Price rendered it necessary that
the divisions of Oenerals A. J. Smith and Joseph A. Mower (which had
been suddenly brought into this department to meet the pressing
emergency then existing) should be newly outfitted and equipped at
this deiK>t for the work before them. This was done promptly, with-
out an hour's unnecessary delay, and the troops went forward in good
time to the points where they were needed.
The several expeditions against the Indians, organized and cour
ducted by General Sully during the period under consideration, were
equipi>ed and supplied from here.
The material required for constructing the new x)osts established
in the Indian country were drawn from this depot.
During the fiscal year I received and disbursed more than fifty
millions of dollars of public funds, as shown by the inclosed state-
ment, involving an immense amount of labor and responsibility in the
payment of vouchers issued at this depot, in the Departments of the
Missouri and Arkansas, and at the several military posts on the Mis-
sissippi River as far down as Natchez, Miss., and in supplying with
funds for the payment of their employ^ the officers serving within
the scope of country above defined.
I have the honor to transmit herewith the statements required, as
follows: (1) Statement of quartermaster's property, Form A; (2)
statement of public moneys; (3) statement of amount paid for rail^
river, stage, and wagon (other than Government wagon) transporta-
tion, Form C.
The other paragraphs and forms required do not come under the
scope of my duties.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
WILLIAM MYERS,
Brevet Brigadier-General and Chief Quartermaster.
A.'Staiement of quartermasters property for the flsocd year ending June SO, 1866.^
* Omitted; bnt eee pp. 756-774, of Executive Doonment No. 1, referred to In
foofe-note («), p. 249.
29 B Br-6fiRIBS m, VOL V
450 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Statement of public moneys, in accordance iDith Section VJourth clause^ of General
Orders, No, S9, dated Quartermaster-OeneraTs Office, Washington, D, C., July J,
1866, of William Myers, brevet brig€tdier'general and chief qucSrtermaster at Saint
Louis, Mo.
On hand July 1,1864 $55,737.19
Receiyed from officers during the year 1,401,650.48
Received from Treasury Department during the year 53, 71 1 , 654. 57
Received from sales of property and other sources duiing the year. 85, 000. 66
Total 54,294.032.90
Expended during the year 43,576,348.50
Transferred to other officers during the year 7,395,636.85
Remaining on hand June 80, 1865 4,433,057.55
Total 54,394,063.90
The balance on hand is deposited as follows :
In the First National Bank of Philadelphia 364,138.83
With the assistant treasurer of the United States in New York 1,078,768.00
With the assistant treasurer of the United States in Saint Louis. . . 993, 768. 16
With the Treasurer of the United States in Washington 3,080,158.33
In an iron safe in my office 1,106.89
Due the United States GK>yemment 5,137.45
• On hand July 1 , 1864: Proceeds of sales of captured and contraband
property, and property received from unknown sources 30, 919. 78
Remaining on hand June 80, 1865 20,919.73
The balance on hand is deposited with the assistant treasurer of the United
States in Saint Louis. Mo.
I certify that the aoove statement is correct.
WILLLAJC MTERS,
Brevet Brigadier-Oeneral and Chief Quartemuister.
Statement of amount paid on account of raU, river, stage, and wagon transporta-
tion by WUliam Myers, brevet brigadier-general and chief quartermaster at
Saint Louis, Mo,, during the fiscal year ending June SO, 1866.
Pnight.
Total.
ExpenditnxM
Gi^d total.
Railroodt
11,163,843.44
852,454.63
4,143.08
18.00
$828,938.81
4, 368, 2681 96
**"26,'9ei'M
11,992.782.25
6,206,721.48
4,143.08
20,990.28
$267,986.79
6,20^264.78
■**24i,*2i6.*2i"
12,260,719.04
Stagmi
10,410,976.24
4,143.08
Wagons, Ac
266,166.49
Total
2, 020, 468. W
6.203,138.05
7.223,597.04 ! 5.717.407.76
12,941,004.80
But one set of sub-vouchers was received with these accounts, which was for-
warded to the Third Auditor of the Treasury Department, Washington, D. C,
with the accounts. It is therefore impracticable for me to subdivide the xMusen-
gers, as required in above form.
I certify that the above statement is correct.
WILLIAM MYERS,
Brevet Brigadier-Qeneral and Chief Quartermaster,
No. 108.
Chief Quartermaster's Office,
Philadelphia Depots September 28^ 1865.
Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
Quartermaster-General U. S. Amiy^ Washington^ D. C:
General: In obedience to General Orders, No. 39, Quartermaster-
General's Office, current series, I have the honor to inclose herewith
my annual report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865.
UNIOK AUTHORITIES. 451
My annual report for the flsoal year ending June 80, 1864, was
mailed from Cincinnati, Ohio, November 10, 1864.
I was relieved at Boston, Mass., as assistant qnartermaster, by order
of the Secretary of War, and turned over the funds and duties to my
successor September 1, 1864, and on the 8th idem proceeded, in
accordance with said order, via Washington, D. C, to Cincinnati,
Ohio, at which place I was assigned to duty as chief quartermaster of
the principal depot, with the rank of colonel in the Quartermaster's
Department.
By verbal permission of the Secretary of War I went from Wash-
ington to Cincinnati via Philadelphia for the purpose of conferring
with Col. A. J. Perry, Quartermaster's Department, chief of the
division of clothing and equipage, Quartermastor-Generars Of&ce,
and at that time temiwrarily in charge of the Philadelphia depot.
I arrived at Cincinnati on the evening of September 15, 1864, and
assumed charge of the deiwt the following day, relieving Col. Thomas
Swords, assistant quartermaster-general, U. S. Army.
In compliance with Special Orders, No. 75, Adjutant-General's
Of&ce, February 15, 1865, I turned over the duties, ^c, devolving
upon me as chief quartermaster at Cincinnati, Ohio, to Col. C. W.
Moulton on the 23d of February, 1865, and repaired to this city,
where I was ordered to relieve Col. Herman Biggs, Quartermaster's
Department, in charge of the principal deiwt.
I aiTived at Philadelphia the 26th of February, 1865, and entered
u-pon my duties as chief quartermaster the following day.
I respectfully submit herewith the following statements, called for
by General Orders, No. 39:
Statement A. — Quartermaster's property.
Statement B. — Clothing and camp and garrison equipage.
Statement C. — ^Amount paid on account of rail, river, stage, ^c,
transportation .
Statement CC. — Amount paid on account of ocean and lake trans-
portation.
Statement D.^Troops and stores transported.
Statement DD. — ^Troops and stores transported by ocean and lake.
Statement G. — Vessels owned, chartered, Ac.
Note. — The foregoing statements relate to the business at Boston,
Mass., and embrace the two months, from June 1, 1864, to August 31,
1864, while I was on duty at that station.
Statement B. — Clothing and camp and garrison equipage.
Statement BB. — ^Material.
Note. — ^These two statements relate to the clothing and equipage
business at Cincinnati, Ohio, which was my especial care, in addition
to my duties as chief quartermaster of the depot, and cover the period
during which I was in charge at that station.
Statement A. — Quartermaster's property.
Statement B. — Clothing and camp and garrison equipage.
Statement BB.— Material.
Note. — ^These three statements relate to the clothing and equipage
transactions at Philadelphia from the date I took charge of the Phila^
delphia depot to the 30th of June, 1865.
A statement of public invoices, showing the amount on hand July
1, 1864, and the amount received, expended, transferred, &c,, during
the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, is also inclosed.
No property called for by Statements E and F, i>age 7, General
Orders, No. 39, came under my control during the year.
452 COBRESPONDENCEy ETC.
The jMtrticolar attention of the Quartermaster-General is called to
the importance of substituting fire-proof storage accommodations at
the Schuylkill Arsenal for the wooden structures now used.
There are about twenty-five wooden sheds and buildings scattered
throughout the yard within the walls, and forty-two sheds in the rows
adjoining the walls on the south side.
The clothing and equipage on hand has cost the Quartermaster's
Department not less than $20,000,000, and is in continual peril from
fire.
Locomotives x>ass along the entire line of the wall on the northerly
side many times each day and night.
I have had the storage of goods rearranged, and endeavored to
place the more valuable proi>erty in the brick buildings, but they are
inadequate, and have been for many years, for this purpose. It is
therefore necessary to keep large quantities of valuable property in
wooden sheds having gravel and tar roofing.
The fire apparatus is kept in good order, and great care is taken to
guard against incendiary or accidental fires. Notwithstanding these
precautions the risk is imminent and causes constant anxiety.
I respectfully recommend that the irregular clothing and material
on hand at the arsenal be sold or removed as soon as practicable, as
it has been kept loose, and unless sold or properly packed for ship-
ment or permanent storage, soon will be likely to engender moths,
from which damage will ensue to other property.
The importance of proper and uniform standards of clothing and
equipage was alluded to in a special report of clothing and equipage
transactions transmitted to the Quartermaster-General the 11th
instant.
It having been reported to the Quartermaster-General that the speci-
fications for dark-blue cloth and sky-blue kersey recommended from
this office in March, 1864, were an imposition, and believing that it
is impracticable to conform to them, and impossible to obtain sufficient
material of that strength to equip a large army, I respectfully refer to
my suggestions upon that subject, and beg to add that whenever the
question is to be considered it should not be determined what stand-
ard to adopt upon limited and local information, nor until after thor-
ough investigation and careful inquiry of the manufacturers and
practical men throughout the country.
The depots at Cincinnati and Philadelphia were reorganized by me
to conform to the act of Congress of July 4, 1864, and the duties were
distributed among the officers serving with me, in accordance with
that law.
I respectfully commend to the consideration of the Quartermaster-
General the several officers of the Quartermaster's Dei>artment who
have served under my orders at Cincinnati and at this depot, for the
energetic and faithful manner in which they have discharged the
duties assigned tfiem.
The business with which I have been intrusted during the period
covered by this report has completely occupied my time and thoughts,
and I have endeavored to do my duty to the best of my ability.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
WM. W. McKIM,
Colonel and Chief Quartermaster Philadelphia Depot.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 468
Statement of pvblie moneys received, irantferred, Ac., by Col. WiUiam W. McKim,
U. 8. Army, Quartermaster^e Department, at Boeton, Mass., and the Cincinnati
and Philadelphia depots, for the fiscal year ending June SQ, 1866.
On hand July 1,1864 $18,698.48
Received from officers during the year 2,828,822.68
Received from Treasury Department during the year 22,648,289.00
Received from sales of property, &c., daring the year 878.05
Total 24,986,188.16
Expended during the year 196,168.25
Transferred to other officers during the year 24,791,024.91
Total 24,986,188.16
WILLIAM W. McKm,
CoUmd, Quartermaster's Department^ U. 8. Army.
A. — Statement of quartermaster's stores from the S7th day of February ^ 1865^ to
the 30th day of June, 1866, inclusive, at PhUaddphm depot*
Jl.— Statement of quartermaster's property for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1866,
at Boston, Mass.*
B.^Statement of clothing, camp and garrison equipage, from September 16, 1864,
to February fS, 1866, at the Cincinnati depot.*
BB. — Statement of materials from February t7, 1866, to June SO, 1866, indusive,
at the Philadelphia depot.*
BB. — StcUement showing the receipts and issues of material from September 16,
1864, to February fS, 1866, at the Cincinnati d^t.*
B.— Statement of clothing, camp and garrison equipage, from February 97, 1866, to
June SO, 1866, at the PhUaddphia depot.*
B. — Statement of clothing, camp and garrison equipage, for the months of July and
August, 1864, at Boston, Mass.*
Q.-Statement of amount paid at Boston, Mass., on account of rail, river, stage,
and wagon transportation, by Capt. W. W. McKim, assistant quartermaster^
U. 8. Army, during the fiscal year ending June SO, 1866,
PA88ENOBBS.
Railroads:
Officers and men 928,291
Civilians 2,934
Stages: Officers and men 18
Total 81,288
I certify that this statement is correct.
WILLIAM W. MoEIM,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster, U. 8. Army.
CX/. — Statement of amount paid at Boston, Mass., on account of ocean and lake
transportation by Capt. w. W. McKim, assistant quartermaster, U. 8. Army,
during the fiscal year ending June SO, 1866.
Officers and men |26, 728
Pieiffht 78,198
Expenditures 1,985
Total 106,906
I certify that the ahove statement is correct.
WILLIAM W. McKIM,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster, U. 8, Army.
* Omitted ; but see pp. 779-605, of Executive Document No. 1, referred to in
foolrnote (*), p. 249.
454
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
D,—StcUefnent of aU troops and stores transported by Capt, W. W. McKim,
assistant quartermaster ^ U, S, Army, Boston, Mass., for the fiscal year ending
June SO, 1866.
Kind of transportation.
Paaaengora.
If
Hi
I
stores.
I
Tvni.
1,!U2
2,387
Bailrosds.
Wagons. ■ .
17.364
912
18.27?
Tom. Ton9.
468 135
204
Total not owned by the
Goyernment.
012
18,277
1,157
Ton9.
1,829
1.451
Tom.
10
13
TonM.
2,780
23
WILLIAM W. McKIM,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster , U. S. Army.
jyD.^^tcUement of troops and stores transported at Boston, Mass., by Capt. W.
W. MeKim, cusistant quartermaster , U. S. Army, for thefisixU year ending June
SO, 1866.
1
Stores.
J'E
o
rf
J
1
j
1
V
H
1
1
a
1
&
O
^
o
S
»
H
Tom.
Tom.
Tom,
Tvm.
Tom.
Tom.
2,000
056
706
260
2,021
Oftftan •nH lake owned !>▼ GoTemnent. ....
240
68
26
2
345
Qrand total
2.000
1.205
68
822
2
260
2,866
WILLIAM W. McKIM,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster, U. S. Army.
Statement of vessels owned by the Oovemment, chaptered, impressed, or.emj^oyed
Sy Capt. w. W. McKim, oMistant quartermaster, U. S. Army, Boston, Mass.,
uring the fiscal year ending June SO, 1866.*
No. 109.
Hbqrs. Military Division of the Atlantic,
Office Chief Quartermaster,
Philadelphia^ Pa., September 21^ 1865.
Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
Quartermaster' Oeneral U. S. Army, Washington, D. C:
General: I have the honor to transmit herewith a report of my
transactions as chief quartermaster Army of the Potomac for the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1865. f
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. N. BATCHELDER,
Captain and Asst. Quartermaster, Brevet Colonel, U. S. Army.
* Omitted ; bnt see p. 808, of Ezecntive Document No. 1, referred to in foot-note
(•) p. 249.
tSee Series I, Vol. LI, Part I, p. 266.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 455
No. 110.
Quartermabtbr-Gbneral's Office,
WashingUm^ D. C, September 12, 1866.
Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. Meios,
Qtuirterrnaster-Qeneral U. S. Army, Washington, D. C:
General.: Herewith I have the honor to transmit my annual report
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JOHN B. HOWARD,
Brevet Colonel and Assistant Quartermaster.
Quartermaster-General's Office,
Washington, D. C, August 1, 1866.
Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
Quarterm^xster-QenercU U. S. Army, Washington, D. C:
General: In compliance with your General Orders, No. 39, of July 1,
1865, calling for an annual report for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1865, 1 have the honor to submit the following:
My last annual report was forwarded, in accordance with your Gen-
eral Orders, No. 29, of July 6, 1864, on the 26th of September, 1864.
July 1, 1864, I was acting as chief quartermaster of the Cavalry
Cori>s, Army of the Potomac, by virtue of General Orders, No. 151,
War Department, dated March 23, 1864, and Special Orders, No. 77,
headquarters Army of the Potomac, March 26, 1864.
July 1, 1864, the transportation of the corps was in camp at Old
Courtrllouse, near Petersburg, Va., awaiting the return of the com-
mand, which had moved to the left of the Army of the Potomac for
the relief of the Third Division of the corps, which had met with a
severe repulse from the rebels in attempting to destroy the Weldon
railroad.
July 2, in camp at the above-mentioned place, the transportation
actively employed in conveying supplies of subsistence and forage to
the front.
July 3, command returned, when the transi>ortation of the corps
was moved to Jordan's Point, on the James River, where a depot was
established for receiving and issuing supplies to the command, which,
after many hard marches and severe fights, required rest and
recuperation.
July 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, quartermaster's department engaged in
shipping dismounted troops and unserviceable horses to Washington,
D. C, and drawing clothing and supplies for the command.
July 11, on my application, I was relieved, by Special Orders, No.
54, headquarters Armies of the United States, as acting chief quar-
master Cavalry Corps and ordered to report to Maj. Gen. W. F. Smith,
commanding Eighteenth Army Corps, for duty as chief quartermaster
of that corps.
July 14, reported, in accordance with orders, to the commanding
general Eighteenth Army Corps, entering on duty as chief quarter-
master of the corps. My first business was to inspect the transporta-
tion and supplies, and ascertain the general condition of my
department. The transportation of a i>ortion of the corps was found
in a wretched condition; animals poor, harness out of repair, and a
large number of wagons unfit for service; small wagon parks were
scattered over a large tract of country, and left almost exclusively
under control of non-commissioned officers and citizen wagon-masters.
456 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
These wagons I directed to be Immediately assembled and x>arked by
divisions, and officers of the department directed to remain in close
pi*oximity to the trains. In the corps, acting quartermasters were
found performing most of the duties pertaining to the regularly
appointed officers of the department, and when found incompetent
were relieved as rapidly as efficient officers could be obtained to fill
their places. A portion of the troops were indifferently supplied
with clothing, especially the Third (colored) Division; this deficiency
arose from inefficiency on the part of the acting quartermaster of the
division, and not from want of supplies at the main depot at City
Point. When the proper system of obtaining and distributing sup-
plies to the troops was fully understood no difficulty was found in
supplying their wants.
During the time the Eighteenth Corps lay in front of Petersburg
the transportation was jMtrked within a short distance of the rear of
the troops. The position was selected from necessity and not from
choice, the location of trains being such that they were under fire of
the rebel batteries; however, but small loss of life or destruction of
transportation occurred.
For the purpose of receiving and issuing supplies to the Eighteenth
Army Corps a depot had been established at the terminus of the mili-
tary railroad leading from City Point. At this depot a number of
officers had been stationed to conduct the business of the depot. I
found that a large quantity of stores and a number of unserviceable
horses had been allowed to accumulate at this place, and that there
was also a large force of employes in attendance for whom there was
not sufficient work. To remedy these evils I deemed it best to break
up the depot, turn in all unserviceable property, discharge or transfer
employes, and relieve the officers, assigning them to active and useful
service.
July 27, by Special Orders, No. 204, headquarters Dex>artment of
Vii-ginia and North Carolina, I was assigned to duty as chief quarter-
master Army of the James. This army consisted of the Tenth,
Eighteenth, and a portion of the Nineteenth Corps, one division of
cavalry, and a large engineer and medical department.
The position occupied by the Army of the James was to the right
of the Army of the Potomac, the right resting on the James River,
extending to the Appomattox, the line crossing the latter stream; the
left holding position directly in front of Petersburg, and connecting
with the right of the Ninth Corps of the Army of the Potomac.
The depots for the supply of the Army of the James were estab-
lished at Smith's Station, on the line of the City Point Railroad; at
Jones' and Sherman's Landings, on the James River, and Broadway
and Point of Rocks Landing, on the Appomattox, with the principi^
depot at Bermuda Hundred. By order of the chief quartermaster of
Armies operating against Richmond, City Point had been declared the
main depot for the armies. In view of this, two of the depots of the
Army of the James were at once broken up, and the others reduced
in size, but retained merely to supply the current requirements of
the troops. During this time operations were in progress on Dutch
Gap Canal, an extensive work that required the employment of a large
amount of material and labor. So far as the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment was concerned, no embarrassment or delay retarded operations.
August 27, General Ord being in temporary command of the depart-
ment, at my request I was relieved as acting chief quartermaster
Army of the James, and directed to report to the commanding officer
of the Eighteenth Army Corps.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 457
On the 29th of September the command of Major-General Ord
advanced across the James River at Chaffin's Bluff, carrying a strong
line of fortifications, taking sixteen guns and many prisoners, effect-
ing a lodgment in rebel foitifications, six miles from Richmond.
October 1 I received a special order from the War Department
relieving me temporarily from duty as chief quartermaster Eighteenth
Corps, and directing me to report at Saint Louis, Mo., as a member
of a board for examination of officers of the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment for the district comprising the Departments of the Missouri,
Kansas, Northern, and Northwest.
In compliance with the order of the War Department I reported
October 10 at Saint Louis to the president of the board of examiners.
October 13 the Board met pursuant to order, but owing to the
disturbed condition of affairs in Missouri adjourned to meet at Cin-
cinnati, Ohio.
Board met pursuant to adjournment and proceeded with the exami-
nation of officers of the Northern Department, adjourning on the 5th
of December to assemble at Milwaukee for the purpose of examining
officers of the Quartermaster's Department on dut^ in the Depart-
ment of the Northwest. Having completed their duties in this depart-
ment, on the 23d of January, 1865, the Board adjourned to meet at
Saint Louis to continue the examination of officers of the Quarter-
master's Dei>artment stationed in the Departments of the Missouri and
Kansas.
The Board met at Saint Louis pursuant to adjournment, and pro-
ceeded with the examination of the officers of the Quartermaster's
Department.
February 27, 1865, 1 received a telegraph order from Lieutenant-
General Grant relieving me from duty as a member of the board of
examiners, and ordering me to report in person to Major-Greneral Ord,
commanding the Army of the James, for duty in the field. I reported,
in compliance with the order from Lieutenant-General Grant, March 7
to General Ord, and was immediately assigned to duty as chief quar-
termaster of that army.
Immediately after entering on my duties as chief quartermaster of
the army I proceeded as rapidly as possible to place my department
in a good condition for the opening campaign, the officers in the
department «o-operating most cordially with me in my efforts. All
unserviceable wagons, harness, mules, cavali^y and artillery horses,
Ac, were condemned and turned into depot. All surplus stores,
public or private, were sent to the rear. The troops were supplied
with the necessary clothing required for an active campaign, and the
transportation of the army was reorganized to correspond precisely
with the standard prescribed in orders.
On the 28th of March the Armies operating against Richmond
moved, the Army of the James being f uUy supplied and equipped in
every particular, so far as concerns the Quartermaster's Department.
The movement of the trains of the Army of the James was similar
to the plan adopted in the Army of the Potomac.
March 29, 30, 31, and April 1, transportation in camp at Humphreys
Station, drawing additional supplies and awaiting the action of the
combined armies.
April 2, transi>ortation ii) camp at Patrick Station.
April 3, broke camp at 7 a. m., the transportation following in the
rear of the army, which was advancing rapidly in pursuit of the
retreating rebels.
458 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
On the receipt of the news of the capture of Richmond by the gen-
eral commanding the Army of the James, I was directed to proceed
to that city and establish a depot for the supply of the army. I
immediately placed the transportation in charge of Lieut. Col. A. B.
Lawrence, chief quartermaster of the Twenty-fourth Army Corps,
and proceeded to Richmond in compliance with orders. On the route
instructions were given to the officers of the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment in charge of the depots at Bermuda Hundred, Point of Rocks,
Broadway Landing, Jones' Landing, Deep Bottom, and Varina Land-
ing to at once break up their respective depots and transfer all the
stores to the main depot I proposed establishing at Richmond.
April 4, arrived in Richmond and proceeded at once t-o establish
dei>ots, collect abandoned and captured proi)erty, and procure data
that would be of future service to the Gk)vernment. From this date
until the final breaking up of the Army of the James I remained on
duty in the city of Richmond, transacting the various administrative
duties pertaining to the Quartermaster's Department in and around
Richmond.
On the 19th of June, by order of the Secretary of War, I was
directed to report at Washington for duty in the office of the Quar-
termaster-Gtoneral. On the 22d of June I was assigned to duty in
the Sixth Division, Quartermastier-General's Office, and immediately
entered upon the duties pertaining to that division.
I would respectfully state that with one exception I have been
present at all battles fought by the Army of the James from the 1st
of July, 1864, to the date of the entire defeat and surrender of Lee's
rebel army.
In conclusion, I would state that at the time of the entry of our
troops into Richmond a portion of the city was in ruins. Through
the burnt district the streets were impassable, being blocked up by
the smoking ruins, and the thoroughfares of the city filled with
accumulations of ashes, garbage, and rubbish. The gas and water
works had ceased operations. The railroads and canal lines leading
from the city could not continue mnning, their works having been
destroyed. The various coal mines and manufactories in the vicinity
of Richmond had suspended operations. The wharves were old,
rotten, and almost entirely useless. In fact, every branch of indus-
try was at a stand-still, and the city was crowded with thousands of
idle and destitute. It is difficult at this tfme to comprehend the
embarrassment of the Quartermaster's Department in such a state of
affairs, when naturally the department was looked to to bring order
out of this confused state of things. It was therefore deem^ just
and equitable to place at work, for the benefit of the United States,
these bands of wandering freedmen, who were enjoying their newly
acquired liberty and subsisting at the expense of the Government.
Orders were given to have warehouses fitted up for the purpose of
accommodating those who were placed at work for the benefit of the
Government. In the course of a few days more than a thousand men
were engaged in gangs of twenty-five each, under competent foremen,
and placed at work removing and clearing away the ruins of the
burnt district, unloading vessels, repairing wharves, collecting cap-
tured and abandoned property in the city, and storing it in ware-
houses. Numbers were sent into the country for the purpose of pro-
curing and bringing into the city a large quantity of abandoned cord
wood. Others were detailed with the Medical, Commissary, Ordnance,
and Engineer Departments.
UNION AUTHORITIEB. 459
Considerations of economy and the embarrassing difficalty attend-
ing the care and protection of the non-producing element among the
nitrated slaves led me to recommend the course adopted with i-efer-
ence to the freedmen. It was folly to suppose that the former owners
of the unemployed negroes had any feeling that would lead them to
care for their former servants. Great suffering would have resulted
to the freedmen had not the Government extended to them support
and protection.
I do not propose to offer any suggestions with regard to improve-
ments in the personnel or administration of the Quartermaster's
Department. In my opinion the organization of the department is as
near perfect as it is possible to become. I base this opinion and dec-
laration on the well-known satisfaction that has been given by the
Quartermaster's Department in the grand operations of the last four
years.
I cannot conceive of a case of failure on the part of the department
if the orders that have been promulgated from the office of the Quar-
termaster-General are honestly and understandingly obeyed.
Herewith inclosed I have the honor to transmit Statements A and
B and statement of public funds, as called for in General Orders, No.
39, being the only statements coming under the scope of my duties
during the past fiscal year.
Resx>ectfully submitted.
JOHN B. HOWARD,
Brevet Colonel and Assistant Quartermaster.
Statement ofpuUie moneys received and disbursed by Col, John B, Howard, assist'
ant quartermaater, during the fiscal year ending June SO, 1866,
On hand July 1, 1864 $818.16
Received from officers during the year.. 176,511.10
Total 176,889.26
Expended daring the year 8,021.44
Transferred to other ofOcers dming the year 178, 807 . 82
Total 176,829.26
JOHN B. HOWARD,
Brevet Colonel and Assistant Quartermaster,
No. 111.
Assistant Quartermaster's Office,
New Orleans, La,, September 22, 1805.
Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
Quartermaster- Oeneral U. S. Army, Washington, D. C:
General: I have the honor to transmit herewith my annual report
for the year ending June 30, 1866, in compliance with General Orders,
No. 39, Quartermaster-General's OflSce, dated July 1, 1866.
Owing to the breaking up of the depot and changes of station con-
sequent thereon, I have been unable to forward the report at an
earlier date.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
E. J. STRANG,
Brevet lAeiUenant- Colonel and Assistant Quartermaster.
460 correspondence, £'1*c.
Assistant Quartermaster's Office,
New Orleans, La., September S2, 1865.
Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
Qiiartermaster-Qeneral U. S. Army, Washington, D, C:
General: In compliance with General Orders, No. 39, from your
office, dated Jaly 1, 1865, 1 have the honor to submit herewith my
annual report for the year ending June 30, 1865.
My last annual report was mailed on the 15th of September, 1864,
and at the date of its close I was in charge of the depot of repairs
and wagon transportation for the Army of the Potomac, locat^l at
City Point, Va. By Special Orders, No. 78, headquarters Armies of
the United States, dated August 23, 1864, I was directed to report
to Brig. Gen. Rufus Ingalls, chief quartermaster Armies operating
against Richmond, and my duties increased by the addition of
the Army of the James, for which, with the Army of the Potomac, I
furnished the means of transportation, as well as the repairs of
wagons, ambulances, <fec.
My duties during tlie year have consisted in the receipt and issue
of animals, wagons, harness, &c, ; the general repairs of all means
of transportation, including shipping; furnishing transportation for
all extra work, such as hauling guns, ammunition, An. ; for siege
artillery, railroad ties and material for construction corps, lumber,
logs for stockades, fuel, Ac, for the depot field hospitals ; medicid,
subsistence, ordnance, and quartermaster's stores, to different points
of the army; policing purposes at the hospitals and depot, and all
details where troops or temporary commands were without the neces-
sary transportation; also the construction and repairs of the public
buildings, wharves, stables, Ac, at the depot. No moves of the
depot were made during the year, notwithstanding at times the greater
part of the employfe were doing service at other i>oints.
My force of employes at the beginning of the year numbered as
follows, viz:
Wheelwrights 115
Carpenters 18
Laborers 1991
Blacksmiths 80
Saddlers 2S
Teamsters 881
Clerks, superintendents, wagon-masters, ^ 70
Total 087
Together with 273 six-mule teams, 69 four horse and mule teams,
20 two-horse teams, 31 two-horse ambulance teams; the number of
animals in the corrals for receiving and issuing purposes, 351; mak-
ing a total of 575 horses and 1,792 mules, or 2,367 animals.
It was found that this force of mechanical labor and the number
of teams were totally inadequate to meet the requirements of the
service. I was accordingly directed by General Ingalls to increase
my force and extend the operations of my depot until I could meet
and supply every want promptly. For this purpose I caused advertise-
ments to be inserted in some of the authorized newspapers of the
Northern towns for mechanics and teamsters, and sent agents to
secure the men, and also went myself, by order of General Grant, for
UNION AUTHORITIES. 461
the same purpose. My force now increased rapidly, until there was
employed at the depot under my control the following number, viz:
Wheelwrights 110
Carpenters ^ 78
Laborers 771
Blacksmiths 115
Saddlers 81
Teamsters 481
Clerks, superintendents, wagon-masters, Sm 75
Total 1,880
The number of animals, Ac, varied according to the exigencies of
the service, the average number on hand amounting to 2,095 head.
The handling and care of this branch of my department required a
large force of employ^.
Immediately after arriving at City Point I erected shops, such as
had always been used in the field, viz, a portable frame covered with
canvas (paulins). My force increasing, it was found necessary to
enlarge these shops to the following dimensions: Two wheelwright
shops, 190 by 26 feet; two blacksmith shops, 190 by 25 feet; two sad-
dler shops, 60 by 22 feet; one carpenter shop, 80 by 22 feet. Aa a
measure of economy I caused these shops to be covered with boards
in place of canvas, and stockades built of logs, also covered with
boards, as quarters for the employ^ (winter was approaching) in
place of tents.
My carpenters were employed during the year in constructing and
repairing wharves, store-houses, stables, stockades at the hospitals for
the accommodation of jMitients, and barracks for the colored employ^
of the quartermaster's and subsistence departments, consisting of
six buildings, each 100 feet long by 25 feet wide and two stories high;
also a chapel 25 by 50 feet.
Your attention is respectfully invited to the supplementary state-
ment, marked G, herewith submitted. It will be perceived that the
daily issues of animals to officers averaged 181 head, the number of
animals daily shod in the blacksmith shops 140, and the number of
wagons and ambulances repaired daily 17. As far as possible, where
wagons came to my shop for repairs, I caused *' brakes" to be put on
them; these brakes were not invoiced to officers, but were considered
^'repairs," the materials for which I expended.
In the month of March I sent seventy-five blacksmiths, with forges,
tools, <fec., to White House, on the Pamunkey River, to shoe the ani-
mals of General Sheridan's command, returning from the raid around
Richmond, and also in the latter part of April sent the same number
of blacksmiths to Nottoway Court-House and Petersburg for the same
purpose.
In connection with my remarks here, I may add that it is my
opinion that the transportation of an army operating In the field can
be kept in better repair and at less expense by having a general depot
for repairs than by keeping a force of mechanics attached to the dif-
ferent commands.
Many articles were fabricated during the year, the most important
of which were the following, viz : Twelve spring wagons, 21,000 pounds
horse and mule shoes, 4 sets of ambulance harness, 151 wagon bodies,
1,200 water buckets, 82 office chairs.
In the latter part of February I was ordered to relieve Capt. E. E.
Camp, assistant quartermaster, at City Point, of all stores appertain-
ing to means of transportation, such as horse and mule shoes, nails,
462 CORRE8PONDEKCE, ETC.
hardware of all kinds, except tools, sets of harness and parts of
harness, wagons, Ac, For the care and security of these stores I
erected a temporary store-house on the wharf assigned to my depot.
On the Ist of March, in pursuance of orders from Greneral Ingalls,
I relieved Capt. J. £. Jones, assistant quartermaster, and assumed
charge of the depot fiel^ hospitals, in addition to my other duties. I
placed a superintendent with a clerk in charge to attend to the cur-
rent business and visited the hospitals dally.
After the dispersion of the rebel army I was ordered by General
Ingalls to establish a corral at Burkeville, for the purpose of receiv-
ing surrendered property. I went personally to that place and
established the corral and pUiced a superintendent in charge. The
following number of animals and property was received from officers
of our army, but not invoiced, viz: Four hundred horses, 1,300
mules, 101 wagons, and 90 ambulances. The animals I sent to Jordan's
or Light-house Point, on the James River, a few miles below City
Point, where I caused them to be grazed daily. They were in a
wretched state from want of food when they came into my posses-
sion, but subsequently many of them were issued to our forces in
excellent condition.
By virtue of an order from the Secretary of War, 1,500 animals
were turned over to various officers for distribution to the poor and
freedmen of the Richmond and Petersburg districts.
On the 1st of May, in compliance with instructions received from
General Ingalls, I commenced to reduce the proportions of the depot
by discharging the bulk of my employ^; and by directions of- the
Quartermaster-General, through General Ingalls, I sold at public
auction at Petersburg, Richmond, and City Point, 1,746 horses, 993
mules, 67 wagons, and 89 ambulances, unserviceable property, at
prices averaging $25.40, $34.13, $9.02, and $23.05, respectively. The
residue of my property, consisting in part of 1,028 horses, 2,074 mules,
573 wagons, 38 ambulances, and 3,340 sets of harness, I transferred
to Capt. A. T. Dunton, assistant quartermaster at City Point, and
Bvt. Col. C. H. Tompkins, assistant quartermaster at Washing-
ton, D. C.
In pursuance of Special Orders, No. 272, War Department, Adju-
tant-General's Office, dated June 2, 1865, I proceeded to New York,
N. Y., and reported on the 12th of June to Brig. Gen. S. Van Vliet,
chief quartermaster of the Department of the East, for assignment to
duty, and was by that officer temi>orarily placed in charge of repairs
of Government vessels during the absence of Capt. J. R. Jennings,
assistant quartermaster, which duty I was performing at the closing
of this report.
The following is a statement of the public funds received and dis-
bursed by me during the period embraced in this report:
On hand July 1,1864 $59,779.75
Received from offloers dturing the year 694,038.50
Received from Balee of propOTty and other sources during the year 83, 878. 96
Total 787,887.20
Bzpended during the year 648,806.06
Transferred to other officers during the year 71,000.00
Remaining on hand June 80, 1866 28,881.14
Total 787,687.90
UinON A0THORITIE8. 463
The balance on hand is deposited as follows :
Ninth National Bank, New York aty $11,040.59
Bankof the Metropolis, Washington, D. C 28.78
Treasnry United States, Washington, D. 0 80.60
In my possession 11,772.08
Total 22,881.14
The accompanying stAtements, marked respectively A and B, are
all that are required from the nature of my duties during the past
year and in compliance with the general order requiring this report.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
E. J. STRANG,
Brevet Lieutenantr Colonel and Assistant Quartermaster,
II,— Report of quartemuuter*8 stores received, issued, and remainina on hand dur-
ing the year ending on the SOth day of June, 18S6, by Bvt. Lieut. Col, E, J,
Strang, assistafU quartermaster, U. 8. volunteers.*
B.— Yearly report of clothing, camp and aarrimm equipage, received, issued, manF-
ufactured, captured, sM, Ac., durxng the year enmng June SO, 1S66,*
SUPPLEMENTARY STATEMENT.
Qt.— Report of labor performed and public animals ^lod in Government shops;
unservioeabie property received from rebel armies: animals recruited; ami'
mats, wagons, and ambulances sold at public auction; animals, uxigons, and
ambulances received and issued at depot of repairs, armies lately operating
against Richmond, Va., under direction of Bvt. Lieut Col. E. J. Strang,
assistant quartermaster, U. S. Volunteers, in the field, during the year ending
on the sath of June, 1S66,*
No. 112.
Depot Quartbrmastbr's Office,
Fort Leavenworth^ Kana.^ September 22^ 1866.
Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. Meios,
Quartermaster-Oeneral U. S. Army:
General: I have the honor to transmit herewith my annual report
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, accompanied by a narrative
report, as required by General Orders, No. 39, Quartermaster-Gen-
eral's Office, of July, 1865,
Very reppectfully, your obedient servant,
J. A. POTTER,
Colonel and Quartermaster,
Depot Quartermaster's Office,
Fort Leavenworth, Kans.y September 16 ^ 1866,
Bvt. Maj. Gen. M. C. Meiqs,
Quartermaster' Oen£ral U. 8. Army:
General: I have the honor to present herewith my annual report
for the year ending on the 30th day of June, 1865. Since the date of
my last annual report, mailed to the department on the 30th day of
September, 1864, and up to the time of being relieved at Chici^o,
111., my duties there were mostl}' of a supervising character, retaining
in my hands the disbursements of transportation by rail, &c. The
officers at said depot, acting under my directions, were as follows:
Capt. J. M. Bradshaw, assistant quartermaster, purchase of horses,
* Omitted ; but see pp. 8S8-846, of Executive Document No. 1, referred to in
foot-note (*), p. 248.
464 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
mules, Ac; Capt. Charles Goodman, assistant qnartermaster, in
charge of Camp Doaglas, Camp Fry, and disbursements appertaining
thereto; Capt. L. W. Shepherd, assistant qnartermaster, miscella-
neous business; Capt. I. C. Barbour, assistant quartermaster, transpor-
tation on passes.
The annual reports of these officers will show the amounts and
extent of their operations, and would have been sent with this, but
as I was relieved early in January, 1865, and ordered to Fort Leaven-
worth, Kans., they have not been sent to me. I assumed the duties
of this depot. Fort Leavenworth, February 1, 1865, relieving Capt
Henry C. Hodges, assistant quartermaster, U. S. Army, and on the
10th of February was directed by Special Orders, No. 41, headquarters
Department of the Missouri, to assume the duties of chief qnarter-
master of the district of country embraced in the late Department of
Kansas. These duties and those of depot quartermaster I have
continued to discharge up to the present time.
GENERAL REMARKS.
Upon my arrival here I found a state of affairs existing of which I
had no previous conception. Major-Greneral Curtis was in command,
with Capt. M. H. Insley as chief quartermaster of the department,
who was also the depot quartermaster at Fort Scott. For some rea-
son all the certified accounts of the department were being paid by
Captain Hodges, the depot quartermaster, instead of the chief quar-
termaster, to whom such payments properly belonged. Stories of
immense frauds were rife, and it was with the utmost care that any
fixed data could be found to determine the status of a large number
of vouchers afloat and settle upon the mode and manner of payment
Great complaints had been made that certain parties and districts
had been deprived of their fair proportion of the funds sent out for
the purpose of settling the indebtedness. I adopted the rule of pay-
ing a certain percentage to all claimants, until each specified amount
furnished was exhausted. This plan seemed to work equal justice
to all the parties interested, and soon, by the timely remittances from
Washington, the greater part of this fioating indebtedness was liqui-
dated. Many of these vouchers were informal and issued by officers
temporarily placed on duty as acting assistant quartermasters, and a
just and fair discrimination has been exercised, to the best of my
ability, to pay none but legitimate expenditures. The disbursements
have been large, as will be seen by the statements.
The matter of transportation has been a subject of much study on
my part, as all the supplies for the vast region of country from Utah,
on the northern route, and Santa Fe, on the southern route, with all
intermediate i>osts, have to be supplied from this depot.
From all the information I have been able to collect, from observa-
tion and other sources, I am compelled to say that I think the system
of contracting freight is erroneous; that the delays, damages, AfC.,
arising from the careless mode of shipment and want of proper care
will be in a great measure avoided by using nothing but Gov-
ernment trains. It is not a sufficient compensation to the €k)vem-
ment that the contractor is obliged to pay for the articles lost or
damaged in transit, for it often happens that the articles most needed
for immediate service are wanting. In scarcely any instance have
any articles been missing from our own trains. Time, also being an
important element in the shipment of supplies, is saved by tJie greater
UNION AUTHORITIES. 465
rapidity of the Qovemment trains. The contractors are only bound
to get all the stores through by a certain date in the fall. No con-
tract should be made unless it has an ample though fixed time for
the delivery, dating from the day of shipment. The large accumula-
tion of stock at this depot, teams and wagons, will enable us to send
forward, at all times, stores as they may be needed. From the above
and many other reasons not necessary now to relate, I am decidedly
in favor of the Gk>vemment doing its own transportation, except in
special cases. At such times the depot quartermaster can always
hire trains at special rates, not exceeding the present contract rates.
From present appearances the great point of departure for trains
another season will be Fort Riley, or that vicinity. The Union Pacific
Railroad will be completed to that point, I am assured, by May next.
It will be much cheaper for the dejiartment to pay transportation
direct to Fort Riley, and send across from that point to Kearny, than
to ship from Leavenworth. If good progress is made in the railroad
from Omaha west, that will be the route for all goods destined for
the northern line of posts, via Julesburg and Halleck, while the goods
for Denver, Salt Lake, and Santa F6 should go via Riley; those des-
tined for Denver and Utah via the Butterfield route, and those for
Sa; ta F6 by the old Santa F6 trail.
The depot of Fort Leavenworth will always be of great importance
as the base of distribution for the supplies for all Western posts.
From time to time extensive warehouses have been erected, which,
although now crowded to their utmost capacity by the large overstock
on hand, and the accumulation from the breaking up of other posts,
will, under all ordinary circumstances, be sufficient for the depart-
ment. At present we are obliged to put up temporary sheds for the
extra store-room needed.
Water-works have been ordered for the supply of the post and
depot, and will be erected during the winter.
A large amount of timber on that part of the Government reserve
east of the Missouri River will be made available for use as soon as
the steam mills now ordered are put into operation. The improved
farms have yielded well this year, and will be a source of profit to
the department.
I cannot too strongly urge upon the department the necessity for
watching with the utmost care and preventing by timely remonstrance
all attempts on the part of scheming politicians to get the reserved
lands into market for the purpose of speculation. No one not per-
fectly well acquainted can estimate its value. I need not extend this
report, as the merits and extent of ox>erations at Fort Leavenworth
are too well known to need comment.
Respectfully submitted. J. A. POTTER,
CoUmd and Quartermaster.
SUUement of moneys received, expended, transferred^ and remaining on Tiand for
the flaeal year endinq on the SOth day of June, 1866, by Col. Joseph A. Potter,
quartermaster at Chuxtgo, III., and fori Leavenworth, Kans.
On hand July 1, 1864 $281,082.43
Received from officers dnrinflr the year 85,364.80
Received from the Treasmy Department daring the year 8,688, 482. 67
Received from the Bales of property and other sources dnrinff the
year 118,479.88
Total 9,068,809.77
90 R R^-8BRIES III, VOL V
466 C0BBE8P0NDENCB, ETC.
Expended dnrinffthe year $4,940,375.16
Transferred to GHbcers during the year 1,117,295.02
Remaining on hand Jnne 80, 1865 8,010,639.50
Total 9, OSS, 809. 77
The balance on hand is deposited as follows:
At Washington, with Treasurer of United States 585,327.08
At New York, with assistant treasurer of United States 2, 199, 152. 58
At Philadelphia, with First National Bank 50,295.92
At Chicago, 111., with deputy depositary of United States 6,445.59
At Leavenworth City, with First National Bank 16,212.50
Treasury notes in vaults 153,805.98
Balance 8,010,639.59
Certified that the foregoing statement is correct.
J. A. POTTSa,
CoUmd aiid Quartermaaier.
No. 113.
Office Assistant Quartermaster,
Winchester, Va., August 15^ 1865,
Maj. Oen. M. C. Meigs,
Quartermaster- Oeneral U. 8. Army, Washington, D. C:
General: In compliance with General Orders, No. 39, Quartermas-
ter-Genoral's OflSce, dated July 1, 1865, 1 have the honor to submit
the following personal narrative of my services since July 1, 1864,
accompanied by statements required therein:
On the Ist of July, 1864, I was on duty at City Point, Va., assisting
Capt. P. P. Pitkin, assistant quartermaster and depot quartermaster
at that point. On the 11th day of July I was assigned to duty as
chief quartermaster Cavalry Corps, Army of the Potomac, by com-
mand of Lieutenant-General Grant; enteriad immediately on duty as
ordered ; shipped the First and Third Divisions, Cavalry Corps, on board
transports for Washington, D, C, and was soon after ordered by Gen-
eral Sheridan, commanding, to join him at Harper's Ferry, Va. The
order being approved by Lieutenant-General Grant, I immediately
proceeded to comply therewith. On my arrival at Harper's Ferry I
found General Sheridan's headquarters at Winchester, Va. I pro-
ceeded to Winchester and reported to General Sheridan, when I was
directed to report in person to General Torbert, chief, of cavalry, as
chief quartermaster of the cavalry, Middle Military Division; served
in that capacity until the death of Colonel Tolles, chief quartermas-
ter Middle Military Division, which position I retained until the
division was dissolved. During my service as chief quartermaster of
the cavalry the battles of the Opequon, of Winchester, and Fisher's
Hill were successfully fought, the cavalry taking a conspicuous part
in all these engagements. No transportation or other public prop-
erty of importance fell into the hands of the enemy. During my
service as chief quartermaster of the Middle Military Division my
attention was particularly attracted to the Army of the Shenandoah,
numbering from 50,000 to 60,000 men. In consequence of the Win-
chester and Potomac River Railroad having been entirely destroyed
previously, this large number of men, with some 26,000 anin:ials, had
to be supplied by t^ms from Martiusburg, W. Va.
It will be seen that it was no small task to properly arrange the*
running of these large trains so that the army might not at any time
be in need of subsistence, forage, or clothing. The large number of
cavalry rendered the supply of forage a difficult task, when it is taken
UNION AUTHOBITXB& 467
into oonsideTation that the army was in no position to be supplied by
means of wr.ter transports.
The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was our only dependence, and
great credit is due to the officers of the road for the manner in which
supplies were forwarded, and for the promptness in complying with
any demands of the commanding general relative to the movements
of troops and supplies. It is also becoming in me to mention the effi-
ciency of the chief quartermaster's department, West Virginia, in
supplying the army with forage. I am also indebted to Capt. James
T. Wray, assistant quartermaster, then depot quartermaster at Mar-
tinsburg, for the interest manifested by him in the. success of the army
in the field, and for the manner in which the quartermaster's depart-
ment at Martinsburg was conducted by him. His duties were ardu-
ous, but were discharged with ability and to my entire satisfaction.
lAte in the month of November, 1864, the U. S. Military Railroad
Department succeeded in completing the railroad from Harper's Ferry
to Stephenson's Station, a point about five miles from Winchester,
that being deemed by General Sheridan the most practicable point
for the terminus of the road.
Field repair shops were here established under the immediate direc-
tion of Capt. James T. Wray, assistant quartermaster, who had been
ordered here from Martinsburg. These shops were calculated to keep
thoroughly in repair all wagons and ambulances in the army, and
to keep the animals well shod, so that in the spring, an active cam-
paign being contemplated, on close inspection the transportation was
found to be in as good condition as any in the field, and fit for any
emergency.
It affords me great pleasure to testify to the untiring energy dis-
played by Mr. O. H. Dorrance, the efficient superintendent of the road,
and I can safely say that no effort was left unmade by him to answer
promptly the requirements of the army to be supplied by the road.
This road being completed, the necessity of running large trains from
Martinsburg to i)oints in the field (sometimes 100 miles distant) was
obviated, and the transportation of the army was permitted to recu-
perate. After the successful series of battles in the fall of 1864 in
the Shenandoah Valley, the veteran and distinguished Sixth Corps
was again sent to the Army of the Potomac. This movement was
conducted with celerity and reflects great credit on the Military Rail-
road and Baltimore and Ohio Railroad companies. The trains belong-
ing to the corps, which were in splendid condition, were sent via Fred-
erick City, Md. , to Washington, D. C. The Provisional Division of the
army was then transferred to the Army of the James. No discredit
can be attached to any one for the manner in which this movement
was conducted. Later in the winter one division of the late Nine-
teenth Army Corps was shipped en route for Savannah, Qa., which
movement was conducted with ability. That portion of the Army of
West Virginia not including the cavalry was ordered along the Bal-
timore and Ohio Railroad in West Virginia. The army to which my
immediate attention was attracted was now composed only of the cav-
alry— ^three divisions, numbering about 20,000 men and animals; one
division of infantry, about 10,000 men, and six batteries of artillery.
The great cavalry expedition under the command of Major-General
Sheridan was now fitted out and on the 27th day of February started
for Uie Army of the Potomac. All are conversant with the success
which attended this expedition. The supply train of this command
was sent to Washington. Soon after this expedition started, Major-
General Hancock being in command, four regiments of his First Army
468 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Corps were sent to this army. They were followed by troops from
Ohio and Indiana, one-year's volunteers, numbering some 15,000. The
fall of Richmond and the surrender of the different armies of the
rebellion having followed the united efforts of our commanding gen-
eral, the anxiety for the success of our armies soon abated, and soon
the mustering out of the troops comprising the army commenced.
Every effort has been put forth since that time to curtail the expenses,
and on the 30th of June, 1865, the Army of the Shenandoah numbered
only 15,000 men, for the most part made up of infantry from the West-
ern States, five regiments of cavalry, and five batteries of artillery.
I have been closely identified with this army since July, 1864, and
it affords me great pleasure to say that I know of no officer of the
Quartermaster's Department in this army but that has rendered me
every assistance in the discharge of my duties.
Having discharged my duties to the satisfaction of the command-
ing general (as will be seen by General Sherman's [Sheridan's]
letter), I sincerely trust that the same will meet with the approval of
the department.
I am, general, very respectfully, your most obedient servant,
HENRY PAGE,
Lievienant-Cdlonel and Quartermaster^ U. S. Vokmteers.
Statement of public moneys for thefiaodl year ending June SO, 1865, by Lieut. CoL
Henry Page, quartermaster, U. S. Volunteers,
On hand July 1,1864 $1,804.61
Received from officers daring the year 53,307.40
Received from Treasury Department 354,700.00
Received from sales of property and other sources 276. 85
Total 808,488.86
Expended during the year 19,104.86
Transferred to other officers during the year 367,387.88
Remaining on hand June 80, 1866 33,096.13
Total 808,488.86
The balance on hand is deposited as follows:
In U. S. Treasurv, Washington, D. C 3,653.97
In National Bank of Metropolis 19,330.00
In iron safe in my office 2^.15
Total 33,096.13
HENRY PAGE,
Lieutenant-Colonel and Quartermaster, U. S. Volunteers,
No. 114.
Military Division of the Tennessee,
Quartermaster's Office, U. S. Military Railroads,
Nashville, Tenn., October 18 ^ 1865,
Maj. Gen. M. C. Meios,
Quartermaster- General U. 8. Army, Washington, D, C:
General : I have the honor to transmit herewith my annual report
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
F. J. CRILLY,
Captain and A. Q. Jf., U. S. Army, Chief Quartermaster
U, S. MU. BaUroads, Military Division of the Tennessee.
UNION AUTH0BITIE8. 469
RecapiiuUUion of papers inclosed.
1. "Personal report.
2. Statement of quartermaster's property.
3. Statement of clothing and camp and garrison equipage.
4. Statement of public moneys.
5. Statement of amount paid for transportation by rail, river, and
wagon.
6. Statement of amount paid for transportation by ocean and lake.
7. Copy of a communication addressed by myself to Bvt. Maj. Gen.
J. L. Donaldson, chief quartermaster Military Division of the Ten-
nessee, relative to expense of running military railroads in this divis-
ion for the month of July, 1865.
8. Copy of an order received from Bvt. Brig. Gen. D. C. McCallum,
director and general manager XT. S. Military Railroads, to furnish full
statistics of the operations of this department.
9. Statement of amounts of monthly pay-rolls of the U. S. Military'
Railroads, Military Division of the Mississippi, from November 1, 1863,
to January 31, 1864, inclusive, under the direction of J. B. Anderson,
general manager.
10. Statement of amount of vouchers audited for material furnished
U. S. Military Railroads, Division of the Mississippi, from November
3, 1863, to February 7, 1864, inclusive, under the direction of J. B.
Anderson, general manager.
11. Amount of vouchers audited from February 8, 1864, to June 30,
1865, inclusive, under the direction of Bvt. Brig. Gen. D. C. McCallum,
director and general manager U.S. Military Railroads.
12. Report of men hired by J. B. Anderson, general manager U. S.
Military Railroads, Division of the Mississippi, from November 1, 1 863,
to January 31, 1864, inclusive.
13. Report of men hired by Bvt. Brig. Gen. D. C. McCallum, director
and general manager U. S. Military Railroads, from February 1, 1864,
to June 30, 1865, inclusive.
14. Statement of amounts of monthly pay-rolls of U. S. Militarj'
Railroads, Division of the Tennessee, audited in 1864 and 1865.
15. Earnings of the U. S. Military Railroads, Division of the Missis-
sippi, from November 1, 1863, to December 31, 1864, inclusive.
Military Division of the Tennessee,
quakterkaster's office, u. s. mllffary railroads,
Nashville, Tenn,, August 22, 1866.
Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
Quartermasier- General U. S, Army, Washington, D, C:
General: I have the honor to report, in accordance with General
Orders, No. 39, Quartermaster-General's Office, dated Washington,
D. C, July 1, 1865, as follows:
During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, I was on duty in New
York City until October 31, as purchasing and disbursing quarter-
master. On being relieved from duty there I was dii*ected hy orders
from the Adjutant-General's Office to report to the commanding gen-
eral and chief quartermaster Military Division of the Mississippi for
assignment. I proceeded as far as Calhoun, Ga., to report to General
Shei*man, who had just started on his march to Savannah. Communi-
cation being cut off, I reported to Major-General Thomas, command-
ing in General Sherman's absence. On the 10th of December I was
directed to i-elieve Col. J. C. Crane and Capt. A. R. Eddy of all duties
470 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
connected with the U. S. military railroads in the Military Division of
the Mississippi, which duties I have i)erformed to the present time,
station being Nashville, Tenn.
I forward herewith a statement, Form A, of all the articles of quar-
termaster's property which have come into my possession during the
year while on duty with the military railroads. The report of prop-
erty purchased, Ac, in New York City will be forwarded by General
S. Van Vliet, who will make an annual statement of all the quarter-
master's property for the New York depot.
I also forward Form B, containing statement of all articles of camp
and garrison equipage received by me.
My statement of public money is also api)ended, together with the
amount paid for transportation by rail, river, stage, and wagon other
than Government wagons. A statement of the amount paid for
transportation b}*^ ocean and lake. Form CC, is appended. The nature
of my duties not requiring me to furnish transportation of any kind,
I therefore make no report for Form D.
My statement, as per Form S, of chartered vessels, Ac, will be
included in the annual report of Greneral S. Van Vliet, who will
report all the vessels chartered at New York City.
The other reports called for I am, in consequence of the nature of
my duties, unable to make. I attach a copy of order from General
D. C. McCallum, directing that a report be made of the operations of
the quartermaster's department of the U. S. Military Railroads from
the commencement of the war.
I have the honor to state that there were no records left in this
office by my predecessor, or any data from which I could furnish any-
thing reliable.
Tlie accompanying statements are obtained from the auditor of
military railroads, and contain all the information it is i>ossible for
me to furnish.
I presume the annual report of Col. J. C. Crane will furnish the
statements of the disbursements for the first half of the fiscal year.
It may not be out of place here to state what are the duties of the
quartermaster on duty with military railroads. The organization
consists of one chief quartermaster, stationed at Nashville, with one
assistant quartermaster; one assistant quartermaster stationed at
Chattanooga, Tenn., and one assistant quartermaster stationed at
Memphis. Capt. S. R. Hamill, assistant quartermaster, is stationed
at Nashville, and is responsible for all the property on the Nashville
and Chattanooga, Nashville and Northwestern, Nashville and Deca-
tur, and on the Memphis and Charleston Railroad from Decatur to
Stevenson, Ala. ; total number of miles, 429. He has also charge of
the general supply store at Nashville, and of the lumber yard, prop-
erty, saw-mills, and means of transportation of the quartermastei^s
department.
The rolls of the road above mentioned are made out and certified
to by the general superintendent of military railroads, and after being
audited and approved by the general manager or chief engineer, in
accordance with orders of the War Department, are paid by the chief
quartermaster at Nashville.
Capt. W. R. Hopkins, assistant quartermaster, is stationed at Chat-
tanooga, Tenn., and is responsible for all the property on the Chat-
tanooga and Knoxville, Chattanooga and Atlanta, and East Tennes-
see and Virginia Railroads; total number of miles, 378. Chattanooga
being so remote from the auditor's office, and it being impossible for
the general manager to visit there monthly, the rol£ are made out
UKION AUTHORITIES. 471
and certified to by Captain Hopkins; otherwise no vouchers could be
issued to discharged employes unless the general manager or chief
superintendent was present.
Capt. John Parks, assistant quartermaster, is stationed at Mem-
phis, Tenn., and is responsible for all property on the Memphis and
Charleston and Mobile and Ohio Railroads, so far as operated in that
part of the State, and for the property on the Memphis and Little
Rock Railroad. The rolls for employes of these roads are made out
and i>aid by the quartermaster, for the same reason as at Chattanooga.
The consolidated rolls, Form No. 2, at both places are, however, sent
to Nashville for audit and approval of the general manager.
Stores are purchased and supplied by the quartermaster on requi-
sition of the general superintendent and chief engineer of the roads.
The question of property responsibility has always been the most
difficult matter to arrange owing to the peculiar organization of the
military railroad service. In this military division it is organized
under the direction of a general superintendent, who has charge of
everything relative to transportation and repairs, and a chief engineer
in charge of construction. Each was independent of the other, and
the quartermaster independent of both, except so far as filling requi-
sitions for supplies and paying the employ^.
The mingling of civil and military officials, without any precedent
or regulation to govern anomalous cases that constantly arise, would
naturally produce collisions of authority, unless all parties worked
with the proper spirit and yielded questions of rank and precedence
to the more important one of emergencies of service. Fortunately
this was the case except in one instance, when the bad temper of one
official produced so much bad feeling and annoyance that his resigna-
tion was promptly accepted by the general manager. It will be seen,
therefore, that the property, although on the returns of the quarter-
masters, is all in the hands of the officers of the railroad service,
who are no ways responsible to him. During the period that Mr.
E. L. Wentz was superintendent he completely ignored the authority
of the quartermaster, and prohibited any reports being made of the
loss or destruction of property. The consequence was that the officer
responsible, Capt. G. U. Clemens, assistant quartermaster, on being
ordered to be relieved, could not find a tithe of the property his
papers called for, and was so involved that a board of survey is now
in session, convened by order of Major-Qeneral Thomas, to investi-
gate the cause of his large deficiency and fix the responsibility.
A system of refiorts is now instituted by which the quartermaster
is kept fidvised of the condition of property, and affidavits are fur-
nished for all lost or destroyed, which I believe will effect a more
prompt rendition of returns than could be previously obtained.
Owing to the nature of the service, in an enemy's country, but few
accui'ate statistics could be kept of the number of troops or the
amount of freight transported. Whole corps and even armies have
been frequently transported back and forth in the same week from
one end of the military division to the other, on cars of every
description, almost in presence of the enemy, so that it was imfiossible
to keep any record of it.
I was directed by Bvt. Maj. Gen. J. L. Donaldson, chief quartermas-
ter Military Division of the Tennessee, to prepare an estimate of the
expenses of the road for the month of July, compared with the
receipts and the amounts chargeable on account of general transpor-
tation, a copy of which is appended. I have examined this rei)ort
since and believe it to be very nearly correct.
472 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Since writing the foregoing report all the roads operated by the
United States, with the exception of the Memphis and Little Rock
Railroad, have been turned over to their respective companies on the
following dates, viz:
East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad, August 28, 1865; East Ten>
nesseeand Georgia Railroad, August 28, 1865; Rogersville and JefiEer-
son Railroad, August 28, 1865; Memphis and Charleston Railroad
(from Stevenson to Decatur), September 1, 1865; Memphis and
Charleston Railroad (from Memphis to Corinth), September 12, 1865;
Nashville and Decatur Railroad line, September 15, 1865; Nashville
and Chattanooga Railroad, September 15, 1865; Edgefield and Ken-
tucky Railroad, September 23, 1865; Louisville, Clarksville and Mem-
phis Railroad, , 1865; Nashville and Northwestern Railroad,
September 1, 1865; Western and Atlantic Railroad, September 25,
1865; Mobile and Ohio Railroad, August 25, 1865.
The roads are now being operated by the companies, the rolling-
stock being sold to them by the United States on credit.
It will probably take until the 1st of January next for the different
quartermasters in charge of prox)erty to close up the business and
render the necessary returns.
Very resiwctf uUy, your obedient servant,
F. J. CRILLY,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster^ U. S. Army^
Actg. Chief Q. M. U. S. MiL, R. S., MU. Div. of the Tennessee.
Statemeni of quartermaster's property for the fiscal year ending June SO^ 1S65, by
Capt F, J, CriUyy assistant quartermaster ^ U, S. Army.*
Statemeni of clothing, camp and garrison equipage, for the fiscal year ending June
30, 1866, oy Capt. F. J. CrUly, assistant quartemuister.*
Statemeni of balance remaining on hand July 1, 1864, and of amount received,
disbursed, and remaining on hand during the fiscal year enaitig June 90^ 1S66,
by Capt. F, J. CriUy, assistant quartermaster, U. S. Army.
Balance on hand July 1, 1864 ,.- $8,859.30
Received from ofllcers daring the year 11,042,952.00
Received from Treasnry Dejuuianent during the year 4,205,500.00
Received from the sales of property and other sonrces daring the
year 815,997.08
Total 15,607,808.37
Expended daring the year 12,051,168.05
Transferred to other officers daring the year 2,880,207.65
Balance on hand Jane 80,1885 1,186,487.67
Total 15,587,808.87
The balance on hand ($1,186,487.67} is deposited as follows:
On deposit with First National Bank, Cincinnati, Ohio 500,000.00
On deposit in the U. 8. depository, Cincinnati, Ohio 901.55
On deposit in the U. S. depository, Loaisville, Ky 600.20
On deposit with assistant treasarer, New York City 7,084.50
On deposit with Treasarer of the United States, payable in certifi-
cates of indebtedness 623,860.58
Cashinsafe , 54,900.84
I certify that the above statement is correct.
F. J. CRILLY,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster, U. S. Army.
* Omitted ; bat see pp. 856-873, of Ezecative Docament No. i, referred to in
foot-note (*),p. 249.
UHIOM AUTHORITIES.
473
C— statement of amount paid on aeoount of raU, river, stage, and wagon trans-
portation, by Capt. F. «/. CriUy, <usistant quartermaster, during the flsad year
ending June SO, 1866.
1
r
1
FMMOgen:
$m,oii.o8
$4S, 460.19
17,520.00
0.00
8299,980.12
Prlaoneraof waruidoUiembeto
0.00
OlTlfl«ll*
li.00
4.08
iao8
Total
177. 02ft. 93
M. 979. aft
4ft. 460. 32
78. 64ft. 40
7,590.00
82,001.47
230,019.15
Freight
180^020.19
ToUd
901.405.18
7. TU, 849. 87
119.10&.e2
047.84
80, or. 47
800,038.27
flxpmilltnrM a
7. 788. 007. 91
Qnnd totfti
7,«38,7Bft.0B
119.782.00
80,527.47
8,003,035.48
a The amoant reportad in colonui of ezi
Cnlly for tho sapport of raHroads
ItaiM exhibits total amoiiDt expended by Captain
hj the United BUtea in the HiUUry Diriafon of the
I certify that the above statement is correct.
F. J. CRILLY,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster, U. 8. Army.
CC.— Statement of amount paid on account of ocean and lake transportation, by
Capt. F. J. Crxtty, assistant quartermaster, during the fiscal year ending June
30,1866.
Paasengers: Officers and men .
Freight
$1,145.00
70,834.61
Total 71,479.61
Expenditures 663,167.86
723,647.47
2,887,753.48
Grand total 3,111,399.95
I certify that the above statement is correct.
F. J. CRILLY,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster, U. 8. Army.
MiLTTART Division of the Tennsssbe,
Quartermaster's Office, U. S. Military Railroads,
NdshviUe, Tenn.y August 7, 1S65,
General J. L. Donaldson,
Chief Quartermaster MUiiary Division of the Tennessee:
General: In accordance with the instructions of your letter of
the 2d instant relative to expense of running military railroads in
this division for the month of July, and the amount that would have
to be paid to the companies if the roads were run by private parties,
I have to report as follows:
EXPENDITURES.
Expense in July for pay of employes $670, 000. 00
Cost of wood expended in month of July 80, 000. 00
Cost of stores expended in repairs daring month of Jnly 100,000. 00
Total 850,000.00
474 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
RECEIPTB.
Received as eaminffs of the road, from passengers and freight $140, 668. 76
Value of product of rolling-miU at Chattanooga, the expense of which
is included on the pav-roU, being 698 tons, at $90 per ton 63, 370. 70
There were transportea free over military railroads in this division
during the month of July, at the expense of the United States,
85,640 troops and refugees 498,198,046 miles, at 0.0005 cents per mile. 102, 190. 59
Transported during the same time 40,085,900 pounds of Government
stores, which, if paid for at Qovemment rates, would have
amounted to 75,954.29
Difference between cost of roads as run by the United States and the
amount that would have been x>aid if run by private corporations. 468, 960. 66
Total 850,000.00
Owing to the limited time allowed for making up of this statement
it was impossible to obtain full reports of freight and passengers trans-
I>orted, the number given being taken from reports already in. The
actual number will greatly exceed this.
The amount collected for private freight and passengers is steadily
increasing, as will be seen from the following table of amounts
received for the different months of this year:
January $7,500.00
February 19,320.00
March 23,740.00
April 26,499.64
MAY 54,121 00
June 83,685.00
July 140,563.76
The receipts for the present month will reach $250,000, and can be
increased to any amount that the United States will give facilities for.
The month of July exhibits large items of expense for the reason that
the reduction of the working force necessary for a state of war had to
be done gradually, in order to gather in the tools and public property
of all kinds in their possession. These reductions are still taking
place at the rate of about 125 per day.
A large number of expensive employes are also profitably employed
in the repair of the rolling-stock, so that it may be in complete order
to sell. The benefit of this will be very large and cannot be esti-
mated. A large number of additional men are also engaged in watch-
ing and taking care of this rolling-stock, which has now become
largely surplus. If sales were made of this to reduce the amount
down to the actual necessities of the service, both public and private,
it would reduce expenses immensely.
The roads run by the United States at Memphis are not included in
any of the foregoing reports, as the amount received for freight and
passengers there is sufficient to pay the running expenses.
The expense per month for the future will depend upon the length
of time that may elapse before some disposition is made of the rolling-
stock, and also upon the diminution of the number of free passes now
given to refugees and destitute persons returning to their homes.
My estimate of funds for the present month calls for a half million
of dollars, which, with the amount received as earnings of the road,
will fully cover the expenses.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
F. J. CRILLY,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster^ U. 8. Army^
Chief Q. M. U, S, Mil, R, R,, Mil. Div, of the Tennessee.
UKION AUTHORITIES. 475
Wab Dbpabtmbnt,
Office Mhjtary Dibector and Suft. Railroads U. S.,
Washmgton, D. C, AiLgiisi U, 1866,
Capt. F. J. Crilly,
A€Ag. Chief Q. M. MUUary RaUroadSy NashvtUe^ Term.:
Captain: I inclose herewith one copy of General Orders, No. 39,
Qaartermaster-General's Office, dated July 5, 1865, calling for an
annual report from officers of the Qnartermaster's Department.
This order is sent you with instructions to furnish full statistics of
the operations of your department. The statistics should show all
expenditures incurred by you in the construction and maintenance
of U. S. military railroads, stating as far as i)ossible what the expend-
iture was for; also the receipts derived from transportation of freight
and passengers, so far as they pertain to your department.
It is desired that your report may be rendered as early as practica-
ble, and, as the war is at a close, that it should embrace, in addition
to the oi)erations of the past year, a general review and summary for
the entire period of the war.
A copy of your report should be sent to this office, in addition to
the one sent to the Quartermaster-General.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
D. C. McCALLUM,
Brevet Brigadier-General^ dkc.
Per H. K. COOPER,
In Charge.
Statements of amounts of monthly pay-rolls of U. 8. Military BaUroads, Division
of the Mississimn, from November 1, 1863, to January SI, 186i, inclusive, under
the direction of J. B, Anderson, general manager,
1888, November rollB $47,181.06
1888, December rolls 88,604.90
1864, January 104,681.88
Total 219,846 60
The above statement is correct.
JOHN TBENBATH, Auditor.
Statements of amounts of vouchers audited for material furnished U, S, Military
Railroads, Division of the Mississippi, from November 1, 1863, to February 7,
1864, inclusive, under the direction of J. B. Anderson, general manager.
Stationery and printing $4,717.67
Repairs of road 88,488.18
Engines, orinnal cost of 671,806.41
Cars, original cost of 184,471.92
Trafai sapplies 2,828.16
Fnel 88,888.20
Bepairs of buildings 2,216.09
Water supply 6,689.20
Bridges 8,808.80
Expense of telegraph 1,616.87
Office expenses 1,442.68
Tennessee and Alabama Railroad 21 . 74
Expense of engineer's department 847.76
Qaartermaster's department 29.60
Pottage 16,00
Station expenses 84.66
New boilings 8,657.89
IionraiW 240.60
Material for Bbops 62,726.71
Total 902,087.68
The above statement is correct.
JOHN TRENBATH, Auditar.
476 COBBE8PONDENCE, ETC.
Amounts of vaudten auditedfrtm, February 8, 1864, to June SO, 1865, indtteive,
under the direction of D. Cf. MeCaUum, director and ]
Military HaUroada of the United States*
I of D. C» MeCaUum, director and general manager of the
of V
Beport of men hired by J, B, Anderson, general manager of U, S, Military BaU-
roads. Division of the Mississippi, from November 1, 1863, to January 31, 1864,
inelusive.i
Beport of men hired by D. C, MeCkMum, director and general manager 0. S.
Milttary Bailroads, from February 1, 1864^ to June 30, 1866, induHve.^
Statement of amounts of monthly pay-rolls of the C7. S, Military Bailroads,
Division of the Mississippi and of the Tennessee, audited in 1864 <ind 186S.\
Earnings of the U. S, Military Bailroads, Military Division of the Mississippi,
from November 1, 1863, to December 31, I864,}
No. ns.
Office of Gun-boat Flotilla,
Saint Louis, Mo., September H, 186S,
Brig. Gen. M. C. Meigs,
Quartermaster- General U, S, Army, Washington, D. C;
General: In accordance with General Orders, No. 13, I have to
report as follows:
I received my api)ointment as captain and assistant quartermaster
on the 28th of September, 1861, and was ordered to refiort for duty to
Capt. A. H. Foote, U. S. Navy, commanding gun-boat flotilla on the
Western waters.
The flotilla was under the command of naval officers and subject
to naval rules, while at the same time its whole oiiganization was a
part of the Anny and its expenditures paid from that department.
I being the only representative of the Army with the flotilla, all
requirements for the service were made through me, and I performed
the various duties of naval paymaster, store-keei)er, and commissary,
beyond the general duties of an army quartermaster. In addition, I
was required to audit the accounts of each acting assistant paymaster
of the gun-boats, involving an examination into their exx)enditures for
a year — a duty which under other circumstances would belong to the
Fourth Auditor.
By act of Congress of July 16, 1862, the Western Gun-boat Flotilla
was transferred from the War to the Navy Department, but the final
transfer was not made until September 30, 1862, and I was not re-
lieved from duty until the 1st of December following, since which
time I have been constantly engaged in settling the accounts of the
flotilla and making the necessary rei>ort8 required by the War
Department.
Before leaving! transferred a large amount of property to the naval
authorities, estimated in the aggregate to be $1,869,574 in value, com-
prising gun-boats, tugs, transports, and captured steamers and their
equipments, clothing, provisions, small-stores, coal baiiged, naval
wharf -boat, and general quartermaster's stores.
* Details omitted. The total amount was $10,847,506.40.
f Omitted; bat see pp. 878-880, of Executive Document Na 1, refeired to in
foot-note (*), p. 249.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 477
The total amount received from the U. S. Treasory and other
ofiBcers in money was $2,920,147.24; add to this estimated valne of
stores, ^c, received from other officers, $226,385; in all, $3,146,532.24.
There were captured at different times from the enemy 5 gun-boats,
15 transport steamers, and 5 wrecks, which, including other property,
amounts to $450,000, estimated value. There has been paid in the
aggregate for traiisi)ortation of ordnance and quartermaster's stores,
as follows: Express companies, $25,325; railroad companies, $25,381;
river, $10,187; and for mileage of officers, $3,161; in all, $64,054.
While under the Army the flotilla, commencing with three small,
improvised, wooden, gun-boats, hardly able to keep the river open
between Saint Louis and Columbus, Ky.-, increased to ten iron-dads,
eleven wooden gun-boatsj two large ammunition steamers, thirteen
tugs, a hospital boat with everything requisite for the sick and
wounded, and a fleet of fifteen chartered and captured transports.
There was also attached to the flotilla a floating blacksmith shop and
a distributing commissary steamer. Large dex>ots of coal were kept
at convenient places on the rivers, and at Cairo, 111., a new large and
superior wharf -boat was purchased, which answered as a general depot
for most of the requirements of the flotilla, including offices for the
transaction of business.
While every assistance i>ossible was extended by other branches of
the Government to the flotilla, yet the officers necessarily were thrown
upon their own resources, and a navy had to be formed from new
materials, far from what was generally considered its proper element.
Officers, sailors, and gun-boats had to be made to suit the exigencies
of the times. How well all this was performed history will tell, and
the flotilla under the Army will have had a most important bearing
upon the final result of the rebellion.
I would refer to the reduction of Forts Henry and Donelson, the
evacuation of Columbus, Ky., Island No. 10, Fort Pillow, and the
destruction of the rebel fleet off Memphis; in addition, the important
part taken by the flotilla in the sanguinary fight at Belmont and the
great battle of Shiloh. League after league of the great Mississippi
was opened to commerce, until the name of a gun-boat became a ter-
ror to the rebels.
For a more detailed account in relation to the above, I would refer
you to the accompanying papers, comprising a ^^ Tabular list of gun-
boats, transport steamers, and wrecks, captured from the enemy,"
"Names, tonnage, and earnings of the steam-boats chartered and
employed," and ** Statement of cash received and disbursed, on what
account, together with balance remaining on hand June 30, 1863."
All of which is respectfully submitted.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEO. D. WISE,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster^ tvith Oun-boat FtottUa.
478
GORRE8P01IDENCE, ETC.
Tabular list of gun-bofUs, transports, steamers, wrecks, Ac, captured from the
enemy by the gun-boat flotUlay Western waters.
GenenlBngg.
Samter
Little Rebel....
General Price. .
SM^[wrt
Man
SoTereini
VictariiT
New National.
Catabonla
Clara Dolaon...
Red Rorer
Mohawk
Grampna
John Simonda .
Taxoo
Prince
Wincbeater....
Bailie Wood....
General PiUow .
FairPUy
H.R.W.H111. ....... 1
Alfred Robb.
Kentnoky ...
DeSoto
Admiral
Where captured.
Rcmarka.
jMempbfo
II!!do !!!"!""!
....do
SaTannah, Tenn .
Memphis
Tenneaaee River.
Island No. 10
...-do
....do
do....
.....do....
do....
Memphis .
....do....
White RiTer
Island No. 10... .
.....do
....do
....do
.....do
do
.....do
Tenneaaee Rirer.
FortPiUow...
White River..
I $90,000
I 50.000
I 20,000
I 10,000
I 20.000
8,000
8,000
5,000
30.000
10.000
5,000
10,000
15,000
80,000
10,000
00.000
80,000
600
5.000
8,000
aooo
15,000
5,000
6.000
1.000
8.000
Total 425,
Transferred to tboNavy Department
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Tranaferred to the Army (oommiasar^*
boat at Cairo).
, Transferred to the Navy Department.
I Retamed to owners.
Transferred to the Navy Department.
Taken immediate possession ot by the
Army.
DoT
Transferred to the Nary Department
Do.
Do.
Taken Immediate poeseaslon of by the
Army.
Transferred to the Navy Department
Da
Rebel gnn-boat Sank at Island No. la
Rebel transport Sank at Inland Na 10.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Recaptared and destroyed by the en-
emy.
Transferred to the Navy Department
Do.
Statement showing amount of cash received, on what account disbursed, and
balance remaining on hand June SO, 1863, by Capt. Oeorge Z>. Wise, assistant
quartermaster, U. S. Volunteers, Western Ghin-boat Flotwa,
Amount
Amount
Paid for general purchases
8502,718.30
$15,800.00
Paid for purchases on account of
128,224.88
Received fhnn Treasurer of the
2, 500. 577.24
clothing, &c.
United SUtes in money.
Paid for parcbases ou account of
30,952.36
Received from Treasurer of the
848,770.00
subsistence.
Paid for general expenditures
1,473,442.07
Transferred to officers for disburse-
402,103.79
ment
On band June 80, 1803. with Treas-
36,803.84
urer of the United States on cer-
1
tificate of indebtedness.
On hand June 30, 1863, in money, in
256,407.91 ;
treasury at Saint Louis.
1
2.920,147.24 1
2,020,147.24
The above payments incltide the greater part of the cost of the first seven iron-
clad gnn-boats, together with the iron-claa gun-boat Benton; also general pur-
chases; purchases of clothing, &g.; commissary stores; the payment of chartered
transports; of officers and men employed on captured and other Government
steamers and tngs; mechanics and laborers employed at naval depot at Cairo,
111.; together with the total amount transfen*ed to the acting pavmasters of the
several gun-boats for pay of officers and men of the gun-boat flotilla.
GEO. D. WISE,
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster,
UNION AUTH0RITIE8. 479
Names, ionna/cfe^ and earnings of ateam-boaU chartered and employed by Capt,
Qeorge D. wise, aseistant quartermaster, XT. S, Army ^ for the gun-boat flotiUa
on the Western waters.*
No. 110.
Chief Quartermaster's Office,
Department of North Carolina,
Wilmington^ March 11, 1866,
Gapt. Andrew Ainsworth,
Captain of the Port:
Captain: In compliance with orders received from Major-Oeneral
Terry, commanding at Wilmington, you will take the tug Davidson
and such men and machines as you require and, as soon as the guard
reports, you will proceed up the Cape Fear River as far as i>ossible
with safety to the tug and men, ascertaining as nearly as possible
the amount of obstructions in the river, clearing the river of such
obstructions, communicating with General Sherman's scouts, if i)Os-
sible. Seventy-five men will be detailed as guard, with arms and
three days' rations, witli suf&cient officers to command them.
You can send out scouts on the banks of the river at such places as
may be necessary to protect the boat.
If necessary, I will send the Christopher, to return with such infor-
mation as you may obtain from the scouts, contrabands, and all per-
sons that can give you information of service to the commanding
general.
Tou will be cautious in your movements, and go as far as i>ossible.
Respectfully, ^c,
GEO. S. DODGE,
Brevet Brigadier- General and Chief Quartermaster.
Fortress Monroe, Va., October 29, 1866.
Col. William L. James,
Chief Qtiartermaster Department of Virginia:
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report in regard to
opening communication with General Sherman, made at your request:
On the 11th of March, 1865, 1 received orders from Brig. Gen. George
S. Dodge (a copy of which I inclose f). I also received verbal orders
to procure a launch from the Navy Department; also two swivel guns
and the necessary ammunition; also a construction party to accom-
pany me to clear obstructions.
I also made arrangements to have a torpedo ready to blow up the
rebel steamer Chickamauga if I found her lying across the channel
so as to obstruct the passage of the river. We received orders from
Major-General Terry to proceed punctually at 2.30 p. m., which order
was promptly obeyed. We were infonned that the U. S. steamer
Eolus, Commander Young commanding, would immediately follow.
Nothing worthy of note occurred until some sixteen miles from
Wilmington, N.. C. (the highest point attained by the naval vessels).
After passing that point large numbers of colored men, women, and
children flocked to the banks of the river and appeared wild with
delight at our appearance, and wished to come on board, and followed
us along the banks of the river for miles, offering us fish, Jbc. ; but we
* Omitted; bnt see p. 8S8, of Ezecntiye Document No. 1, referred to in foot-
note (♦), p. 249.
fNezt, ante.
480 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
did not deem it i)olicy to receive them on board, not knowing what
might transpire as we advanced.
After proceeding some miles farther we found a plantation on fire,
on which place there were large lots of cotton and naval stores being
consumed by the devouring element. The only persons to be seen
were a few colored people, and a white man and a colored boy in a
boat endeavoring to escape through the swamp, whom we arrested
and took on boa^. It by this time having become dark, and seeing
no signs of the U. S. steamer Eolus, we determined to push forward
with all dispatch i>os8ible.
On arriving at the i>oint where the Chickamauga was sunk, we
found her lying on the left bank of the river with ample room to pass.
Some few miles above this point was a chain stretched across the
river, which we were fortunate enough to pass safely over; and it Is
our belief that the said chain was letdown by the negroes in the
vicinity. Above this place many trees had been felled so as to throw
them across the stream, but the tide had fortunately swept them clear
of the channeL
Proceeding, we came to a i>oint called Indian Mills, where we found
a battery covering the chain. It had been refiorted that said bat-
tery was garrisoned by Confederate troops. After consultation with
Captain Reifle (commanding a detachment of the Thirteenth Indiana
Regiment composed of sharpshooters) we came to the conclusion if
fir^ upon to land the troops and endeavor to take the battery by an
assault; but as we were not molested we proceeded on our way.
Nothing further of interest occurred until we arrived in the city of
Elizabethtown, where we perceived large fires ux>on the banks of the
river. On our arriving off the town we found it in a general confla-
gration; also boats in the river completely envelop^ in flames as
well. The heat from the flames was intense, and the dense clouds of
smoke made it almost an impossibility to proceed ; but still we pushed
forward and managed to get safely through.
Proceeding some ten miles farther, we met a mass of burning timber
floating down the river, which our colored pilots informed us were
portions of the bridge which crossed the river at Fayetteville. By
the skill of said pilots we evaded the burning mass with the loss of one
boat which was towing astern.
After proceeding some few miles farther, bodies of cavalry were
seen along the right bank of the river, which immediately galloped
away. From this point the banks of the river were strongly picketed.
Previous orders had been given to extinguish all lights and for all
to retain silence on board. A white mist occasionally enveloped the
boat, our only marks then to steer by being the branches of the trees
along the banks.
On arriving about twelve miles below Fayetteville the Confederates
opened flre upon us, which was promptly returned by the troops on
board, as well as from the guns on board the launch under the com-
mand of Mr. Pool, in charge of the obstruction party. Fortunately
no one was hurt on board, although a number of shots struck the
pilot-house. This fire was kept up at intervals for seveitil miles.
At 6 a. m. we arrived at our destination. On our arrival we found
the place occupied by the troops of General Sheiman's command, and
sharp skinnishing with the enemy across the river. We proceeded
immediately to General Sherman's headquarters and reported March
12 at 7 a. m. The general was much pleased to see us and congratu-
lated us upon our safe arrival.
UNION AUTHORITIEB. 481
We received orders from him to remain at Fayetteville until dusk
of the evening, as he wished to send down a bearer of dispatches; also
mails and i>assengers. At the time appointed we immediately started
for Wilmington, N. C.
After leaving Fayetteville, and proceeding some miles on our way,
we met the U. S. steamer Eolus, with whom we held communication,
and then proceeded on our way, arriving at Wilmington at daybreak
March 13, 1865.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
ANDREW AINSWORTH,
Captain of the Port^ QiLartermaster^a Department.
No. 117.
Headquarters Department of Washington,
Office Chief Quartermaster,
Waahingiony D. C, September 9, 1866.
Bvt. Maj. Oen. M. C. Meigs,
Quariermcbster-Oeneral U. S. Army:
General: In compliance with General Orders, No. 39, of July 1,
from your office, I have the honor to submit the following refiort of
the duties performed by me, together with statement of my mqney
and property responsibility during the fiscal year ending June 30,
1865:
An annual report for the year ending June 30, 1864, was trans-
mitted by me to your office about September 15 last.
On the 1st day of July, 1864, I reported to Brig. Gen. Francis
0. Barlow, commanding the First Division, Second Army Ck)rps, and
at once entered upon the discharge of the duties of quartermaster
of the division, which at that time was in the immediate front of
Petersburg:, the right of the division resting near the Jerusalem plank
road and joined on the left by the Second Division of the corps. No
movements of the troops or trains transpired excepting change of the
latter from point to point, to improve the parking ground, until July
27, at which date the Second Corps was withdrawn from its position
and moved to the north side of the James River, crossing the Appo-
mattox and James Rivers by pontoon bridges, accompani^ by a part
of the general supply tmin.
While the corps remained at Deep Bottom it engaged in several
skirmishes with the enemy, but without serious loss, and returned
with trains to fprmer position on the 3d of August.
Another movement of the corps to the north side of the James
River was commenced on the 13th of the same month, the troops
embarking in steamers at City Point and landing at Deep Bottom on
the night of the 14th, while the ammunition and about one-half of the
supply trains were sent under cover of the darkness across the Appo-
mattox and James Rivers by pontoon bridges, and halted on the south
side of the latter river, opposite Deep Bottom, the remainder of the
coips train moving into park near City Point.
A number of unimfiortant engagements with the enemy again
occurred during the stay of the corps, which, with transportation,
recrossed the James and Apx>omattox Rivers by pontoon bridges on
the night of the 22d and resumed its former position, the park of the
corps train being established near Bimey's Station, on the military
railroad.
31 R R— series III, VOL V
482 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
On the 23d a movement against the enemy's right was made b}' the
First and Second Divisions of the corps, the troox)S marching out the
Jerusalem plank road.
Heavy rain-storms having occurred prior to and during this move-
ment, the roads were made almost impassable for wagons, and rations
for the men and forage for officers' horses had to be transported by
pack-mules — a slow and troublesome method, but accomplished
8n(5ce8sfully.
On the 24th the two divisions pushed on to Reams' Station (taking
with them the ambulance and part of ammunition trains), on the
Weldon and Petersburg Railroad, driving the pickets of the enemy
before them, and having effectually destroyed the railroad for a num-
ber of miles north to the point held by the Fifth Corps, proceeded to
strengthen their i>08ition at the station by erecting earth- works, Ac,
and continued the destruction south toward Stony Creek.
On the 25th the enemy in large force attacked the command and a
serious battle ensued, attended with severe loss of men on both sides,
and resulting in the withdrawal during the night of the troops of the
Second Corps from the railroad. The transportation was brought
back in safety. Troops went into camp on the 26th, with the
remainder of corps, on the Jerusalem plank road near Petersburg,
the trains being parked in the vicinity.
During the interim from this date until the latter part of October
the First Division of the Second Corps remained in about the same
relative position before Petersburg.
On September 23 a raiding party of the enemy moved around the
left flank of the army and succeeded in capturing and carrying off a
large number of cattle belonging to the subsistence department, and
for a few days serious apprehension was felt as to the safety of the
trains, which were accordingly moved at the time nearer to the troops,
but subsequently changed from time to time as the condition of the
parking ground or the supply of water demanded.
Preparation having been made for some da3rs previous, on the
morning of October 25 a general movement of the troops to the left
commenced, the trains of the army, excepting ambulances and ammu-
nition wagons, being moved for safety inside of the intrenchments at
City Point. The defense of the main works in front of Petersburg,
from the plank road to the Appomattox River, was intrusted to the
First Division, Second Army Corps.
While the trains remained at City Point the teamsters and other
employ^ of the quartermaster's department were armed and held in
readiness for any sudden attack thafmight be made on the base of
supplies.
The operations of the army on the left comprised a series of engage-
ments with the enemy tending toward and materially assisting the
accomplishment of the plan of our great military chieftain of grasping
the commnnications of the rebels.
On the 28th the troops of the army engaged in this movement
returned to their former positions and the trains joined them.
On the 28th a telegram from the Adjutant-General's Office, War
Department, was received by me directing that I should at once
repair to this city and repoi*t to the commanding general Depart-
ment of Washington and assume the duties to which I had been
assigned on the 24th of that month.
On the morning of the 30th I transferred my property to the officer
appointed to relieve me, and leaving City Point, arrived in this city
UNION AUTHORITIEa 483
on the dl8t. On the following day I reported to General Augur and
was assigned as chief quartermaster Department of Washington, in
which capacity I was acting at the close of the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1865.
Upon assuming the duties of my position the subject of greatest
importance to be considered at the time, and demanding immediate
attention, was that of providing the supply of wood for the inclement
season then commenced. The available quantity on hand was inade-
quate for the wants, and the arrangements already made in part con-
templated the supply by river; but knowing the uncertainty attending
water transportation during the winter, and realizing the absolute
necessity of obtaining a regular supply through a reliable channel, I
at once took steps to provide for the same by cutting along the rail-
roads in Virginia. The cutting was confined as far as possible to the
lands of disloyal persons, but landmarks being almost entirely oblit-
erated in that part of Virginia, in some instances wood was taken
from the lands of loyal people. An account was kept at this office (as
nearly accurate as possible without sarvey of land) of all wood taken,
so as to facilitate a settlement when ownership and loyalty should be
established.
The work of cutting being rapidly and steadily pushed forward,
insured an abundant stock for issue. From 350 to 400 cords were
daily brought by railroad to Alexandria, Va., and this city, thereby
affording an ample allowance for the troops and hospitals in both
cities, as well as for the garrisons in the forts comprised in the Second,
Third, and Fourth Brigades of De Russy's division, south of the
Potomac. The supply for the garrisons of the forts in Hardin's
division, north of the Potomac, the commands at Great Falls, Pooles-
ville. Chapel Point, and other detached posts, and also for prison camp
and general hospital at Point Lookout, was provided by purchase in
the vicinities at reasonable prices.
Under instructions from your office I furnished up to the close of
the fiscal year to Capt. J. G. C. Lee, assistant quartermaster at Alt^x-
andria, Va., 15,616 cords; to Capt. J. M. Moore, assistant quarter-
master, 4,005 cords; and also sold to Capt. J. M. Brown, by order of
the Secretary of War, 923 cords for issue to destitute colored people
in this city.
During the month of January theTwenty-third Army Corps arrived
at this point and remained about four weeks. Quarters were provided
for as many of the men as possible at the new Freedmen's Hospital, at
the barracks at Camp Relief and Camp Stoneman, and elsewhere, but
the bulk of the command was encamped on the grounds near Camp
Stoneman, the tents for the purpose being drawn by me from the
depot and returned when the troops moved.
This corps during its stay, the First Corps (General Hancock's),
while in this vicinity, the Army of the Potomac, and the anny of Gen-
eral Sherman, when concentrated here, were all amply provided with
wood by me, and together consumed about 10,000 cords.
It is estimated that a larger quantity of wood was on hand in my
possession at the close of the fiscal year than will be required in this
department for a number of months, the same having been provided
mostly by the operations of the last winter and early spring, with a view
to the quantities needed in coming winter, based on the requirements of
the past; but the work of transporting to Alexandria and this city was
in rapid progress, the wood being properly piled and protected at
these points, and ready for any purpose designated.
484 CORRBBPONDENCB, ETC.
During the past winter neoessary repairs and some additions were
made to the barracks at the forts throughout the chain of fortifica-
tions, but the same were as limited as the health and comfort of the
troops would allow.
Temporary sheds and stables for protection of animals were erected
about the 1st of December on the line of the First Separate Brigade,
embracing the fortified points from Fairfax Station to I^rospect Hill,
while the troops of the command constructed log and stockade quar-
ters, which were covered with lumber.
By the direction of the Secretary of War, through Major-Greneral
Augur, the erection of a building for detailed clerks and messengers
belonging to Department of Washington on duty in this city was com-
menced about the 20th of February and completed April 15.
This structure is situated on the comer of Twenty-second and I
streets, contains accommodations for 200 men, and it was considered
would pay for its cost in about one year by the saving to the Government
of the commutation of fuel, quarters, and rations heretofore allowed to
that class of men.
On the night of April 1 the frame structure used as public offices
pertaining to headquarters Department of Washington, adjoining the
brick building comer of Fifteen-and-a-half street and Pennsylvania
avenue, was entirely consumed by fire, including part of the furniture.
By direction of the major-general commanding, another building to
replace the one destroyed, and intended for the same purpose, was
commenced about April 10 and finished May 20 without expense to the
Quartermaster's Department, the cost of material and labor in its
constraction being paid from the fund in the possession of the provost-
marshal-general Defenses North of the Potomac.
It having been determined by the proper authorities to retain only
a portion of the forts and batteries in this vicinity, the work of remov-
ing the guns and other material belonging to the Engineer Department
from the works designated to be abandoned was begun about the 29th
day of June.
The order from the War Department (paragraph 5, Special Orders,
No. 315, War Department, Adjutant-General's Office, June 17) directed
that—
The ground occiix»ied by the defenses to be abandoned will be restored to the
proprietors of loyal character, endeavors being first made to liqnidato all claims
for occnpation and damage of every kind by tran<9f erring to them the right and
titie to tne buildinffs and fiztores of timber on the bombproofs, magasines, and
stoclndes erected tnereon. In the event that such an arrangement is not made to
liqnidato the claims in full, the buildings will be torn down and material trans-
ported to and used for oonstmction of permanent defenses elsewhere, or sold, as
may be found most advantageous.
A sufficient guard will be meantime kept to protect the property from fire and
injury.
The preliminary examination and investigation necessary to under-
standingly carry out such instructions was delegated to me by the
major-general commanding, and the preparation to complete data as
to the ownership of the property, loyalty of claimants, and damages
sustained by the use of their property in such manner was in course
of completion June 30, the barracks and buildings at the abandoned
posts being meanwhile placed under protection of proper guard.
During the winter and spring temporary repairs were made to the
Aqueduct and Long Bridges, rendered necessary by the frequent pas-
sage over the same by Government teams.
The furnishing of transportation by rail and river does not rest in
this office, but the necessary orders have been issued upon the depot
UNION AUTUOKtriSS. 485
officers for transportation from and to various points daring the year
for npward of 80,000 men and officers, comprising regiments, detach-
ments, and individual cases; also for 2,522 horses, 276 refugees, 5,680
rebel deserters, 603 paroled prisoners, and 1,437 released prisoners.
The land transpoiiation (wagons and teams) in my possession has
consisted of from 500 to 600 teams, mostly of mules, which have been
used in hauling from woodlands to the shipping points on the railroads
and river, and also in delivering supplies to the various forts and posts.
The animals used have generally been of good condition, although
many of the mules received during the winter and early spring were
too young and feeble to properly bear the hard labor necessary in
hauling from the woods and over the rough and miry roads; but when
the armies had concentrated at this point, and turned over to the
depot their wagons and teams, a much better class of animals was
substituted in tiieir stead, and the close of the fiscal year found this
department in possession of transportation animals hardened by
service, trained in use, healthy, and fully able to perform the required
labor.
I offer no suggestions as to improvements in the pattern of the army
wagons and harness, as I consider the class now in use to be simple
in arrangement, durable for service, and well adapted for field
purposes.
The supply of hay furnished by the depot at times during the
winter being limited on account of the closing of the river, it became
absolutely necessary for the sustenance of the animals of the cavalry
commands on the Upper and Lower Potomac and First Separate Bri-
gade in Virginia, as well as for transx)ortation animals in my x>osses-
Hion engaged on woodlands, to purchase (and in some cases mak^
seizures of) hay in the vicinities. By such means a sufficient (but
not full) ration was obtained and paid for at prices ranging from $20
to t32 per ton.
The clothing and camp and garrison equipage drawn from the depot
has uniformly been of good quality and manufacture, and has been
furnished in quantities and of a variety amply sufficient for the health
and comfort of the troojM.
The disbursements made by me during the fiscal year have been of
a miscellaneous nature, including the purchase of fuel, forage, and
stationery, payment of court-martial expenses, postage, mileage to
officers, commutation of fuel and quarters, extra-duty pay to enlisted
men, rentals, hire of employes, apprehension of deserters, Ac, which
responsibility, together with the property charge and the administra-
tive duty required, has marked this office as one of an almost multi-
farious character.
The following statement exhibits the amount of moneys on hand
July 1, 1864, received and disbursed during the year, and remaining
on hand June 30, 1865, and annexed will be found statements (A and
B) of quartermaster's property, clothing and camp and garrison
equipage for the fiscal year, and also statement (£) of property cap-
tured by the enemy.
Other of the statements specified in your General Orders, No. 39,
are not required in my report.
To the Quartermaster-General of the Army and his assistants my
warmest thanks are tendered for the valuable instruction and advice
imparted.
I am, general, very resx>ectfully, your obedient servant,
M. I. LUDINGTON,
Colonel and Chief Qiuirtermaster DepL of Washington.
486 OOBBB8PONDBNCS, ETC.
Statement of public moneM reoei/ved and dubureed during the fiecal fear ending
June SO^ 1865 f by Cot.^M, I. Ludington, Mef quartermwder Department o/
Wcuhington,
On hand July 1,1864 . $17.88
Received from ofBcers dnring the year 18,485.58
Received from Treasury Department during the year 1,186,800.00
Received from sales of property and other sources dnring the year. 14, 801 . 55
Total 1,164,604.46
Expended dnring the year 916,486.71
Transferred to other officers dnring the year 281,321.96
Remaining on hand Jnne 80, 1865 16,955.77
Total 1,164,604.46
This halanoe is deposited as f oUows :
In U.S. Treasury, Washington, D.C 18,854.48
In National Bank of Metropolis, Washington, D. C 8,601.85
16,966.77
I certify that the above statement is correct.
M. I. LUDINGTON,
Cokmei and Chief Quartermaster Department of WcuMngton,
War Dbpt., Provost-Marshal-Gbnbral's Burbau,
WashingUm, D. C, November 8^ 1866.
Hon. Edwin M. Staitton,
Secretary of War:
Sm : I have the honor to submit my annual report of the operations
of the Bureau of the Provost-Marshal-General of the United States
for the year ending November 1, 1865.
On the 1st of November, 1864, the date to 'which my last annual
report was brought up, the business of recruiting and the draft under
the call of July 18, 1864^ was in progress.
The nnmber called for was 900,000
Bednoed by credits on former calls 866,678
To be obtained .884,887
Nnmber of voluntary enlistments nnder that call:
Volnnteers—
White 146,888
Colored 15,961
Regulars 6,889
Seamen 17,606
MarineCorps 1,874
Total 188,172
Nnmber of drafted men and snbstitates obtained nnder that caU:
Nnmber held to personal service 86,805
M umber of substitutes for drafted men 28,608
Number of stibstltutes for enrolled men 29,684
Total 84,891
Whole number obtained under the July call 878,468
UmOK AUTHORITIES. 487
On the 19th of December, 1864, a call was made for 300,000 men.
Number of volimtary enlistments under thifl call:
Volunteers-
White W,e20
Colored 10,055
Regulars 6,958
Seamen 9,106
Marine Corps 819
Total 157,058
Number of drafted men and substitutes under that call:
Number held to personal service 13,666
Number of substitutes for drafted men 12,014
Number of substitutes for enrolled men 12,997
Total 87,577
Whole number raised under December call 194,685
The sn8i>ension of active military operations occurred while the
business of the draft under this call was in progress, and orders were
issued on the 13th of April, 1865, to discontinue the business of
recruiting and drafting, and on the next day all drafted men who had
not been forwarded to general rendezvous were ordered to be dis-
charged, and soon after all who had not been forwarded to the field
were discharged by order from the Adjutant-General.
The aggregate quotas charged against the several States under all
calls made by the President of the United States from the 15th day of
April, 1861, up to the 14th day of April, 1865, at which time drafting
and recruit g ceased by order of the Secretary of War, was 2,759,049,
the terms of service varying from three months to three years, as
shown in detail by the books of the Provost-Marshal-Generars Office.*
The aggregate number of men credited on the several calls and put
into service of the United States in the Army, Navy, and Marine
Corps during the above period was 2,656,553, leaving a deficiency on
all calls when the war closed of 102,496, which would have been
obtained in full, in fact in excess, if recruiting and drafting had not
been discontinued.* This number does not embrace the *' emergency
men " put into ser\ice during the summer of 1863 by the States of New
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, nor those furnished by the States of
Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois during the Morgan raid, amounting in all
to over 120,000 men, who served x)eriods of about two or three weeks.
In estimating the number of troops called into service, it has been
the rule of the department to take into account the whole number of
men mustered, without regard to the fact that the same x>ersons may
have been previously discharged after having been accepted and
credited on previous calls.
Under the different calls volunteers have been accepted for various
terms of service, viz, three, six, and nine months, and one, two, and
three years, respectively; and a large number of persons who had
served under one call have subsequently enlisted under another.
Thus, a portion of those who enlisted under the call in April, 1861,
for 75,000 three-months' men, again enlisted under succeeding calls
in July following for three years; others re-entered the service for
nine months, or for one or two years, and at the expiration of these
periods again re-enlisted for three years, and the entire veteran
volunteer force consisted of those who, having served two years,
re-enlisted for three years.
*But see a later official compilation, Vol. IV, this series, p. 1269.
488 COBBESrONDEKCE, ETC.
It will be observed, therefore, that a large portion of the nnmber
oonnted in filling calls has been furnished, first, by the re-enlistment
of those in service, and second, by those who have re-entered the
service after discharge from a former enlistment under which they
had been credited; that is, the different calls were filled by crediting
each accepted enlistment, instead of limiting the credit to the actual
number of persons who entered the service anew; and hence to deter-
mine the number of men actually entering the service for the first
time under the different calls, the number credited should be reduced
in the same ratio that the enlistments of the same ];)erson have been
repeated. The extent of this reduction cannot be calculated at this
time, or even estimated with sufficient accuracy to be useful.
It follows, therefore, that, on account of a necessary repetition of
credits incident to enlistments, the tax upon the military basis of the
country has been less than would appear by considering simply the
number of men embraced in the different calls for troops or the num-
ber of credits allowed upon these calls.
COMMUTATION MONET.
The amount of commutation money received from November 1,
1864, to November 1, 1865, was:
On aocount of draft and snbstitnte fnnd $817, 180.00
On acconnt of sick and wounded soldien (from non-cambatants,
under section 17 of the act of February 34, 1864) 840,967.58
Total 658,117.58
Total amount of draft and substitute fund reoelYed under the act
approved March 8, 1868 25,902,029.25
Total amount expended 16,887,185.80
Balance remahiing in Treasury to credit of this fund 9,614,898.45
There are just claims still outstanding which have to be met from
this fund.
VETERAN RESERVE CORPS.
The regiments of the Veteran Reserve Corps have been performing
the same duty during the past year as those specified in my last
annual report, viz: Performing garrison duty in Washington and
its defensive works; at the various depots for recruits and drafted
men; at the provost-marshals' rendezvous; escorting recruits to the
field, and more recently performing garrison duty at the several ren-
dezvous for muster out of the volunteer forces.
Since the termination of active operations no transfers have been
made to this corps, nor have any officers been appointed.
DESERTERS.
The number of deserters arrested since my last annual report is
18,120, nearly all of whom were arrested prior to April 30. The dis-
charge of the deputy provost-marshals and special officers, the stop-
page of payment of rewards, and the reduction of the Army have
occasioned the reduction of this branch of the business of this office.
DISBURSEMENTS ON ACCOUNT OF VOLUNTEER RECRUITING SERVICE.
The amount expended from the appropriation for collecting, drill-
ing, and organizing volunteers from November 1, 1864, to November
1, 1865, was $1,422,281.73.
UNION AUTHOBrnKS. 489
The balance of this appropriation remain Ina in the Treasoiy is
•12,163,386.09, and about half a million dollars still in the hands of the
disbursing officers, which is needed to pay outstanding accounts and
expenses incurred in mustering out the volunteer forces of the United
States.
The amount expended from the appropriation for pay of bounty
was $6,648,302.53. The balance of this appropriation remaining in
the Treasuiy is 111,145,392.24. None of this fund remains in the
hands of disbursing officers. The several amounts left in their posses-
sion when recruiting for the volunteer forces was dlEMSontinued has
been covered into the U. S. Treasury.
DISBUBSEHSNTS ON ACCOUNT OF ENBOLLMENT AND DRAFT AND APPRB-
HSNBION OF DB8SBTEB8.
The amount disbursed on account of enrollment and draft from
November 1, 1864, to November 1, 1865, was $3,175,744.06.
The balance of this ''draft and substitute fund** remaining in the
Treasury is $9,514,893.45, and about $250,000 in the hands of disburs-
ing officers, which is needed to pay outstanding accounts and current
exx>enses of the Bureau.
Amount disbursed by officers of this Bureau from appropriation
for ''incidental expenses of Quartermaster-Gtonerars I^partment,**
for apprehension of deserters, $12,158.58.
RBTRBNCHMENT OF BXPENDITURB8.
At the date of my last annual report the number of officers and
employ^ of this Bureau was 4,716, at a cost per month of $311,868.60.
The number now on duty and in the employ of the Bureau is 383, at
a cost per month of $35,030.32.
As fast as the exigencies of the service permitted I have reduced
the force employed. The surgeons and commissioners of boards of
enrollment in all the districts, 370 in number, have been discharged.
The different districts have been consolidated, and but 33 provost-
marshals are now in service, all of whom will be discharged as soon
as their services can be dispensed with.
KSTDCATES.
No appropriation of money will be required for the support of this
Bureau during the next fiscal year.
I have in course of preparation a full report of the operations of
this Bureau, which will contain much statistical and other valuable
information, and which I beg leave to submit when completed.
I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JAMES B. FRY,
Provost-Marshal (hneral.
Washington, November 10, 1866.
Hon. W. H. Sbward,
Secretary of State:
In compliance with your request I have the honor to state that the
aggregate strength of the Army is at present 182,784 men, and that,
490 COBBE8PONDENCE, ETC.
inclnding Louisiana, 81,256 of these men are west of the Mississippi
River.
In case of emergency fiO,000 additional men conld be made dispos-
able east of the Mississippi.
U. S. GRANT,
Lieutenant' Gfeneral.
Wab Depabthsnt, Bueeau of Miutart Justice,
November 13^ 1866.
Hon. £. M. STAinx>N,
Secretary of War:
Sir: In compliance with jour directions I have the honor to sub-
mit as follows in regard to the business transacted by this Bureau
since March, 1865, the date of my last of&cial report.*
The operations of the Bureau during this period — of about seven
and two-thirds months — are briefly presented by the following sum-
mary:
1. Number of records of general courts-martial and military com-
missions received, reviewed, and filed, 16,591.
2. Number of special reports made as to the regularity of proceed-
ings, the pardon of military offenders, the remission or commutation
of sentences, and upon the numerous miscellaneous subjects and
questions referred for the opinion of this office, including, also, letters
of instruction upon military law and practice to judge-advocates,
reviewing officers, and others, 6,123.
By comparing these details with those presented in March last it
will be perceived that the number of records reviewed is slightly, and
that of the si>ecial reports very much greater, in proportion to the
period of time embraced, than that specified in my last official com-
munication upon the subject, and that the business of the Bureau,
especi^ly as an advisory branch of the War Department, has not yet
been diminished or sensibly affected by the altered condition of
public affairs.
The Digest of Opinions of the Judges Advocate-General, issued by
the Bureau in January last, has, as it is inferred from the commenda-
tory judgment expressed to me by department and other commanders,
and the fact that it has come into extensive use throughout the. Army,
proved of considerable advantage to the service in contributing to
establish a uniformity of decision and action in the administration of
military justice; and it is proposed, with your approval, to prepare
during the coming winter an enlarged edition of the same, containing,
in connection with those already published, a selection of the official
opinions communicated by me during the past year. The present
edition of the work has, indeed, because of the constant demand for
copies, been very nearly exhausted.
I have to express my satisfaction with the ability and efficiency
with which the officers, as well as the clerks, connected with the office
have performed their several duties; and to add that, while the close
of the rebellion will doubtless gradually induce a considerable falling
off in the business of the Bureau, it is conceived, as this business
will probably not be materially diminished for a twelve-month, that
the present organization of this branch of the public service may well
be continued b}' Congress.
♦See Vol. IV, this series, p. 1216.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 491
In oondading this report of the business of this Bureau, it is
tiionght proper to advert to two cases of unusual public importance,
which were prepared under its supervision, and tried by military
commission, since the last session of Congresa— that of the assassins,
of President Lincoln and their accomplices, and that of Wirz, the
keeper of the rebel prison at Andersonville, Ga.
i^e first of these cases was brought to trial in May last before a
court convened by the President, and comi)osed of two major-
generals, one brevet major-general, three brigadier^generals, one
brevet brigadier-general, a brevet colonel, and a lieutenant'<x)loneL
The Government was represented by the Judge- Advocate-General of
the Army, assisted by an experienced military judge-advocate, and
by a distinguished lawyer, who had also lately acted for the United
States in the conduct of a most important prosecution by court-martial.
The accused were defended by counsel of their own selection, seven
in number, llie trial occupied fifty-three days — ^between 300 and
400 witnesses, in all, having been examined — and was concluded by
seven able and elaborate arguments of counsel, the final reply
thereto and argument of Hon. John A. Bingham, on the part of the
United States, being annexed hereto as part of this report.* The
formal brief review of the case by this Bureau is also appended.*
The inevitable result of this trial had been generally anticipated
throughout the country, and has now become matter of history. The
most deeply guilty of the conspirators were sentehced to be hung,
and their sentence was summarily executed by order of the President.
Of the others, three were condemned to imprisonment for life, and
one to an imprisonment for six years, at hard labor; and these are
now undergoing confinement at the military prison at the Dry Tor-
tugas, Fla.
A full and complete record of the testimony and of the proceedings
of the Commission has been prepared under the supervision of an
officer of the Government, and will presently be given to the public, f
To this publication reference must be had for the details of the evi-
dence upon this momtotous state trial.
The case of Wirz was conducted before a commission also consti-
tuted by the President, and composed of one major-general, three
brevet major-generals, two brigadier-generals, one brevet brigadier-
general, one brevet colonel, and one lieutenant-colonel; the prisoner
being represented by two counsel of his choice. The victims of the
accused had been so numerous that the mass of testimony was nearly
as great as that adduced upon the former trial, and the period of time
occupied by the investigation even longer. The number of witnesses
examined was 148. Of these a considerable proportion had been con-
nected with the rebel military service. Besides the evidence from
these sources, much imx)ortant testimony obtained from the archives
of the rebel Gk>vemment — ^including the records of the prison at
Andersonville— was also laid before the Commission. The capital
sentence in the case was forthwith approved by the President, and
this criminal has recently paid such penalty as the law could impose
for his repeated murders and other atrocious violations of the laws of
civilized warfare.
As it would be impossible to present, in the limits of a brief official
rexxnt, even an abstract of the evidence upon this trial, a copy is
*Here omitted; bat see House Kzecntive Document No. 1, Thirty-mnth Con-
gress, first session, pp. 1006-1060. Also see foot-note, Series II, Vol. vm, p. 700.
tPublifihed by Moore, Wilstach & Baldwin, Cincinnati, 1865, under the title
" The Assassination of Presideht Lincoln and the Trial of the ConspiratorB."
492 CORBB8PONDEKCB, ETC.
herewith submitted of the address of Col. N. P. Chipman, judge-
advocate, which, while containing a lucid discussion of the questions
of law involved, exhibits also a most faithful summary of the testi-
jnony, much of which, indeed, is set forth in the very language of
the witnesses. A copy of the formal review of the proceedings,
addressed by this Bureau to the President on the 31st ultimo, is also
annexed. * It is submitted whether a publication of the record of this
case (similar to that undertaken by private enterprise in the instance
of the trial of the assassins), or of an abridgment of the same, pre-
pared by some proper person, may not well be authorized by Congress,
not only that a i>ermanent memorial of the testimony and proceedings
may be preserved, but also that the facts of such testimony may be
made accessible to every student of the rebellion, f
A peculiar characteristic of these state trials, and that which must
invest them with a deep historical importance, is the fact that, while
the accused were in each case adjudged to have been guilty of the
crimes with which they were charged, the complicity in those crimes
of chiefs of the rebellion was declared by the court in their findings,
and upon testimony which is deemed to have fully warranted tiie
conclusions reached. In each case the proof justified the conviction
that the prisoners before the court were not merely personally crimi-
nals, but conspirators; that they were the hirelings and accomplices
of the cabal of traitors of whom Davis was the acknowledged chief,
and that these traitors were in fact, as well as in law, equally with
the accused, responsible for the detestable deeds which were adduced
in evidence. The assassination of the President was i)ortrayed by the
testimony as an inspiration of the rebellion, authorized from the seat
of government, and executed through its paid agents, whose plan of
action was first matured within the territory of a neighboring friendly
power.
It is proper to remark that events and testimony disclosed subse-
quent to this trial have added a powerful support to the conclusions
arrived at by the court in reference to the complicity of rebel leaders
in the assassination of the President.
The barbarities of Wirz, which resulted in the sacrifice of the lives
of at least 10,000 of our helpless prisoners in his hands, were also
clearly shown to have been but the revolting features of a system,
doubtless devised at Richmond, for the destruction by starvation and
fatal cruelties of all the Federal prisoners of war who should oome
into the enemy's hands. As there is no baseness too infamous to be
incompatible with treason, so, for the execution of the details of this
inhuman scheme, fit agents were readily found wearing the rebel uni-
form, and to these were committed the care and custody of Union
prisoners. The administration of Wirz, however, though atrocious
in the extreme, was but a striking example of the general system of
treatm.ent by the enemy of prisoners of war. Of the enforcement of
this system throughout the South, at Richmond, Belle Isle, Salisbury,
N. C. ; Florence, S. C. ; Macon and Milieu, Ga. ; Tuscaloosa, Ala., and
at many other localities, the cruelties of Andersonville, as is made to
appear by testimony on file in this Bureau, were but a forcible illus-
tration. For the result — for the almost countless deaths and lasting
injuries by wounds, by starvation, by inhuman punishments, by the
♦ See Seriee H, Vol. VIH, p. 776.
t See Ezecutiye Docmnent No. 28, Houae of Bepreaentativee, Fortieth CongreaB,
second sesBion.
UNION AUTHOBIT1E8. 498
maiming and laceration by dogs, by every bratality and by every neg-
lect-—the chiefs of the rebel confederacy, the instigators and leaders
of the rebellion, should be held responsible; and for these they will
be held responsible by the judgment of history and by the abhorrence
of the civilized world.
It is to be added that in this case, also, the complicity of the rebel
Executive in the crimes of the accused was declared by the court in
its findings.
This report cannot well be closed without its bearing testimony to
the worth and efficiency of militaiy commissions as judicial tnbu-
nals in time of war, as illustrated by these two trials.
These commissions, originating in the necessities of the rebellion,
had been proved by the experience of three years indispensable for
the punishment of public crimes in regions where other courts had
ceased to exist, and in cases of which the local criminal courts
could not legally take cognizance, or which, by reason of intrinsic
defects of machinery, they were incompetent to pass upon. These
tribunals had long been a most powerful and efficacious instrumen-
tality in the hands of the Executive for the bringing to justice of a large
class of malefactors in the service or interest of the rebellion, who
otherwise would have altogether escaped punishment; and it had
indeed become apparent that without their agency the rebellion could
hardly, in some quarters, have been suppressed. So conspicuous had
the importance of these commissions and the necessity for their con-
tinuance become that the highest civil courts of the country had
recognized them as a part of the military judicial system of the Gov-
ernment, and Congress by repeated legislation had confirmed their
authority and indeed extended their jurisdiction.
But it was not until the two cases under consideration came on to
be tried by the military commission that its highest excellence was
exhibited. It was not merely in that it was unincumbered by the
technicalities and inevitable embarrassments attending the adminis-
tration of justice before civil tribunals, or in the fact that it could so
readily avail itself of the military power of the Oovernment for the
execution of its processes and the enforcement of its orders, that its
efficacy (though in these directions most conspicuous) was chiefly
illustrated. It was rather in the extended reach which it could g^ve
to its investigation, and in the wide scope which it could cover by
testimony, that its practical and pre-eminent use and service were
displayed. It was by means of this freedom of view and inquiry that
the element of conspiracy, which gave to these cases so startling a
significance, was enabled to be ti*aced and exposed, and that the fact
that the infamous crimes which appeared in proof were fruits borne
by the rebellion and authorized by its head was published to the com-
munity and to the world. By no other species of tribunal and by no
other known mode of judicial inquiry could this result have been so
successfully attained; and it may truly be said that without the aid
and agency of the military commission one of the most important
chapters in the annals of the rebellion would have been lost to his-
tory, and the most complete and reliable disclosure of its inner and
real life, alike treacherous and barbaric, would have failed to be
developed.
It is due not only to the late President, who, as Commander-in-
Chief, unhesitatingly employed this tribunal in the suppression of
crimes connected with the rebellion, but to the heads of t&e military
494 COBBESPOVDENCE, ETC.
depArtments and other oomnumderB, who so resolutely and efEeeUvely
availed themselves of its simple but potent machinery; to the National
Legislatures, which, recognizing its continuance as indispensable dur-
ing the war, have confirmed and increased its jurisdiction; and to the
intelligence and good sense of the people at large, who, disregarding
the shallow and disloyal clamors raised against it, have appreciated
its service to the country, that this brief testimony to its value as an
arm of the military administration, evidenced alike by the fairness
of its judgments and by its enlightened and vigorous action, should
be publicly and formally borne by this Bureau.
J. HOLT,
Jtidye-Advocaie-G^eneroL
War Departmemt,
Washington Cityy November ift9, 1866.
Mr. Pbbsibbnt:
The military appropriations by the last Congress amounted to the
sum of $516,240,131.70. The military estimates for the next fiscal
year, after careful revision, amount to 133,814,461.83. The national
military force on May 1, 1865, numbered 1,000,516 men.* It is pro-
posed to reduce the military' establishment to 50,000 troops, and
over 800,000 have already been mustered out of service. What has
occasioned this reduction of force and expenditure in the War
Department it is the purpose of this report to explain.
At the commencement of the last session of Congress much had
been accomplished toward suppressing the rebellion and restoring
Federal authority over the insurgent States. But the rebels, still held
Richmond as the capital of their so-called Confederate Oovernment,
and the semblance of State government existed in Virginia, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, and
Texas, while a strong military force occupied a considerable portion
of Arkansas and Louisiana. Their principal army, under its favorite
commander. General Lee, defended with undaunted front impregna-
ble positions around Petersbui*g and Richmond. Another army,
under General Hood, was moving north, with purpose to invade Ten-
nessee and Kentucky. West of the Mississippi a large force, under
General Kirby Smith, threatened Arkansas, Kansas, and Missouri.
The chief sea-ports of the rebel States— Wilmington, Charleston,
Savannah, and Mobile^were strongly garrisoned and fortified^ and
our blockading squadrons were unable to prevent trade and supplies
reaching the enemy. Pirate steamers, built in foreign ports for rebel
cruisers, armed, manned, equipped, and supplied by foreign capital,
roamed the high seas, burning our ships and destroying our commerce.
Marauders, hired by the rebel Government and harbored on our north-
ern frontier, were setting on foot piratical exi>editions against our
commerce on the lakes, planning to burn and plunder our towns and
cities, and were plotting murder against the President and Vice-
President of the United Stat<»s, in hopes of overthrowing our Gov-
ernment by anarchy. Faith in their final success and hope of open
recognition by foreign governments still animated leading traitors.
But now the approaching session of Congress will find the authority
of the Federal Government effectually and peacefully exercised over
*BQt see a later official compilation, Vol. IV, this series, p. 1288, showing mi
aggregate of 1,068,088.
UNION AUTHOHITIES. 495
the whole territory of the United States. All the amiies heretofore
arrayed against the National Government have laid down their arms
and surrendered as prisoners of war. Every hostile banner has been
hauled down; the so-called Confederate Government is overthrown;
its President is a prisoner in close custody, awaiting trial; while its
Vice-President and three of its chief executive officers have been
recently enlarged from prison by your clemency. All the ordinances,
laws, and organizations created or existing under or by virtue of the
so-called Confederate Government have been swept away, and by
your sanction the people of the insurgent States have organized, or
are busily engaged in organizing. State governments in subordination
to the Federal authority. In harmony with this new condition of
affairs the military force of the Federal Government has been
reduced, large armies disbanded, and nearly a million of brave men,
lately soldiers in arms, paid and honorably mustered out of service,
have gone from camps, garrisons, and posts to their homes, and most
of them are engaged already in the peaceful pursuits of civil life.
Among the causes which under Divine Providence have brought
about these wonderful results, successful military operations stand
first in order. A clear comprehension of these operations requires a
brief glance at the military position just before the spring campaigns
of 1864.
Notwithstanding the successful campaigns on the Mississippi in 1863,
by the reduction of Vicksburg and Port Hudson, severed in twain the
rebel territory and restored to us the navigation and commerce of the
Mississippi, while the victory at Grettysburg drove back the rebel invad-
ers from the Northern States, yet the military strength of the rebels
continued formidable. The Army of Virginia, under General Lee,
recovered from its disaster at Gettysburg, occupied its former lines in
Virginia, protecting the rebel capital, and holding inactive and in
check the Army of the Potomac. Another large army, under General
Bragg, re-enforced by Longstreet's corps, threatened the reconquest of
Tennessee. After the disastrous battle of Chickamauga our Army
of the Cumberland, shut up and surrounded at Chattanooga, unable
to move by reason of the inclemency of the weather and impassable
roads, was in extreme jeopardy.
At this discouraging juncture a change of military' organization
was made. The Departments of the Ohio, the Tennessee, and the
Cumberland were united in one military division, called the Division
of the Mississippi, under Major-General Grant. Command of the
Army of the Cumberland was given to Maj. Gen. George II. Thomas,
relieving General Rosecrans. A winter campaign was immediately
directed against Bragg's army. The battles of Wauhatchie, Lookout
Mountain, Missionary Ridge, and Chattanooga opened our communi-
cations and routed Bragg's army with heavy loss. The movement of
Longstreet's corps against Knoxville to recover East Tennessee also
proved a disastrous failure to the rebels, who were driven off and
forced back to the mountains.
In the month of February, 1864, General Sherman's movement with
a large force from Vicksburg into the interior of the State of Alabama
[Mississippi] as fair as Meridian, inflicted heavy loss upon the enemy
by the destruction of railroads and supplies, the capture of prisoners,
and the escape of negroes and refugees. This operation demonstrated
the capacity of an invading army to penetrate the rebel States and
support itself on the country, and was the forerunner of the great
movements in Georgia.
496
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC
The arrangements for the spring campaigns of 1&64 were made, on
the part of the Government, to put forth its strength. In all the
bureaus of the War Department supplies were provided on a scale of
great magnitude to meet any exigency that could be foreseen. The
estimates were based upon an army organization of 1,000,000 of men.
The States were called upon to strengthen the armies by volunteers;
new drafts were ordered and put in execution throughout all the loyal
States; vast supplies of arms, ammunition, clothing, subsistence,
medical stores, and forage were provided and distributed in dex>ots to
meet the wants of the troops wherever they might operate; horses,
mules, wagons, railroad iron, locomotives and cars, bridge timber,
telegraph cable and wire, and every material for transportation and
communication of great armies under all conditions were supplied.
Congress with unstinting hand voted large appropriations for recruit-
ing, paying, and supplying the troops. The office of lieutenant-general,
to command all the armies, was created by law. Ulysses S. Grant was
appointed to the rank by the President, and assumed command as
lieutenant-general on the 17th day of March, 1864, from which time
the operations of all the armies were under his direction.
The national forces engaged in the spring oAmpaign of 1864 were
organized as armies or distributed in military departments as follows:
The Army of the Potomac, commanded by Major-General Meade,
whose headquarters were on the north side of the Rapidan. This
army was confronted by the rebel Army of Northern Virginia, stationed
on the south side of the Rapidan, under General Robert £. Lee.
The Ninth Corps, under Major-General Bumside, was, at the open-
ing of the campaign, a distinct organization, but on the 24th day of
May, 1864, it was incorporated into the Army of the Potomac.
The Army of the James was commanded by Major-General Butler,
whose headquarters were at Fortress Monroe.
The headquarters of the Army of the Shenandoah, commanded by
Major-General Sigel, were at Winchester.
Three armies were united under Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, viz,
the Army of the Cumberland, Major-General Thomas commanding;
the Army of the Tennessee, Major-General McPherson commanding,
and the Army of the Ohio, Major-G^eneral Schofield commanding. Gen-
eral Sherman's headquarters were at Chattanooga. The effective
strength of these three armies was nearly 100,000 men and 254 guns,
to wit:
M
,
1
i
1^
iDAndiiic.
64,668
22,487
11.183
2.877
1.104
679
8.828
824
1.007
60,778
84,166
13.566
180
96
88
OlWld ACffFMStO • .......••.•..•.•.■•■•...••••.•-•
88.40T
854
About these figures were maintained during the campaign, the num-
ber of men joining from furlough and hospitals compensating for the
loss in battle and from sickness.
In the Department of Kentucky there was likewise a large active
force, under command of Major-General Burbridge, and also in East
UNION AUTHOBITIB8. 497
Tennessee, under Major-Oeneral Stoneman. Adequate forces were
reserved in the Department of Washington, under Major-General
Augnr, to protect the capital and the immense depots of military sup-
plies at Washington and Alexandria, and also in the Middle Military
Department, under Maj. Gen. Lewis Wallace, to cover Baltimore and
the important lines of supply and communication in that department.
Besides the armies operating actively in the field, troops were ai»igned
to garrison exposed and important strategic points, to guard hospi-
tals, recruiting stations, prison camps, supply depots, railroad lines,
and to defend border States and the northern frontier from rebel
raids.
In the Department of the South a force was operating against
Charleston and in Florida, under General Giilmore.
West of the Mississippi the forces were under the respective
departmental commanders. In the Department of the Gulf, embrac-
ing Louisiana and Texas, Major-General Banks had his lieadquarters
at New Orleans. The Department of Arkansas was in command of
Major-General Steele. Major-General Curtis commanded the troops
assigned for the Department of Kansas and the Indian Territory.
The troops in the Department of the Missouri were under command
of Major-General Rosecrans. The defense of the Northwestern States
and Territories against Indians, expeditions to check incureions and
reduce hostile tribes, and to protect the overland route to California
employed a considerable force under Major-General Pope in the North-
west Department, General Carleton in New Mexico and Arizona, and
General Connor in the Indian Territory. The States and Territories
on the Pacific Coast required but a small force, under Major-Greneral
McDowell.
The headquarters of the lieutenant-general commanding all the
armies were with the Army of the Potomac in the field.
Official reports show that on the Ist of May, 1864, the aggregate
national military force of all arms, officers and men, was 970,710,
to wit:
Avttilableforcepresent for duty* 66)^,845
On detached service in the different military departments 109, 848
In field hospitals or unfit for duty 41,266
In general nospitals or on sick-leave at home 75, 978
Abeenton furlough or as prisoners of war 66,290
Absent without leave 15,488
Grand aggregate 970, 710
The aggregate available force present for duty May 1, 1864, was
distributed in the different commands as follows:
Department of Washington 42,134
Army of the Potomac 120,884
Depsotment of Virginia andKorth Carolina 69,180
Department of the South 18,169
Department of the Gulf 61,865
Department of Arkansas 28,666
Department of the Tennessee 74,170
Department of the Missouri 15,775
Department of the Northwest 5, 296
Departmentof Kansas 4,798
Headquarters Military Division of the Mississippi 476
Department of the Cumherland 119,948
Department of the Ohio 85,416
Northern Department 9, 646
*But see explanatory foot-note, p. 186.
32 R R— SERIES in, VOL V
498 COBBE8PONDENCE, ETC.
Department of West Virginia a0,782
Department of the East 2,828
Department of the Snsqnehanna 3,970
Middle Department 6,«87
Ninth Army Corps 20,780
Department of New Mexico 3,454
Department of the Pacific 5, 141
Total •882,845
Active military operations west of the Mississippi commenced in
the month of March, 18G4. The principal rebel forces beyond the
Mississippi were concentrated under General Kirby Smith at Shreve-
port, on the Red River. Against this force an expedition was under-
taken by Major-General Banks, with a large army from New Orleans,
to be co-operated with by troops from, the Department of Arkan-
sas, under General St<jele, and from the Division of the Mississippi,
under General A. J. Smith, and also a large naval force imder Admi-
ral Porter. General Banks with his forces reached Alexandria
about the 20th of March. Advancing thence toward Shreveport, a
series of disasters commenced that ended in the failure ot the expedi-
tion with heavy loss of men and material. The cause of this failure
is still a subject of discussion, not material to the present report.
Although by this mishap the enemy was enabled to occupy the atten-
tion of a large force designed and that might have been employed in
other fields, he was himself kept in check and hindered from taking
part in the gi*eat campaigns east of the Mississippi.
The campaigns in Virginia opened on the 4th day of May. By
simultaneous movements the Army of the Potomac crossed the Rapi-
dan, and City Point, on the south side of the James, was seized and
occupied by General Butler. The crossing of the Rapidan was
effected without resistance from the enemy. The movement against
City Point took him by surprise. The Army of the Potomac was
directed at Lee's army, while the city of Richmond was the objective
point of the Army of the James.
Minute details of the subsequent campaigns are given in the
accompanying reports of the lieutenant-general and other distin-
guished commanders, so that nothing more than a cursory view of
the main results is here required, f
The antagonist armies of Meade and Lee met in conflict near Mine
Run on the 5th day of May. Forty-three days of desperate fighting
or marching by day and night forced back the rebel army from the
Rapidan to their intrenchments around Richmond and carried the
Army of the Potomac to the south side of the James River. The
* But see explanatory foot-note, p. 186.
t For these reiK>rt8 (here omitted) see Series I, as follows : Grant*8 of Jnly 22,
1865, Vol. XXXVI, Part I, p. 12; Meade's of AprU 80, 1865, Vol. XLVI, Part I,
p. 601 ; Sheridan's of May 16, 1865, t6fd., p. 1101 ; Sherman's of September 15, 1864,
Vol. XXXVIII. Part I, p. 61 ; Sherman^ of January 1, 1865, Vol. XXXIX, Part
I, p. 580, and Vol. XLIV, p. 7 ; Sherman's of April 4, 1865, Vol. XLVll, Part I,
p. 17; Schofield's of April 8, 1865, ibid., p. 909 ; Barry's of March 81, 1865, tW«.,
p. 177 ; Sherman's of Hay 9, 1865, tbid., p. 29; Sheridan's of July 16, 1865, Vol.
S^iVI, Part I, p. 474 ; Thomas* of January 20, 1865, Vol. XXXIX, Part I, p. 684,
and Vol. XLV, Part I, p. 32 ; Thomas' of June 1 , 1865, Vol. XLIX, Part I, p. 842 ;
Butler's of January 8, 1865. Vol. XLII, Part I, p. 966 ; Terry's of January 25, 1865,
Vol. XLVI, Part I, p. 394 ; Comstock's of January 27, 1865, ibid. , p. 406 ; Ames' of
January 16, 1865, iWd.,p.415; Rosecrans' of December 7, 1864, Vol. XLI,Part I,
S. 807; Banks' of April 6, 1865, Vol. XXXIV, Part I, p. 194. For report of D.H.
trother. of the operations of the army under Gtonercil Hunter in West ViTig:inia,
see p. 1253 of House Executive Document No. 1, Thirty-ninth Congrees, first
session.
UNION AUTHOKITIB8. 499
Strength of the enemy's force when the campaign opened, or the
extent of his loss, is not known to this Department. Any inequality
of numbers between Lee's army and the Army of the Potomac was
fully compensated by the advantage of position. Resolute purpose
and desperate valor were exhibited on both sides. In the battles of
the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court-House, Jericho Ford, Haw's Shop,
and Cold Harbor many brave soldiers and gallant officers perished.
Among them were Brigadier-General Wadsworth, Brigadier-General
Hays, and Major-General Sedgwick. Lieutenant-General Grant in
bis report observes:
The battles of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, and Ck>ld Harbor,
bloody and terrible as they were on onr side, were even more damaging to the
enemy, and so crippled him as to make him wary ever after of taking the offen-
sive. His losses m men were probably not so great, owing to the fact that we
were, save in the Wilderness, almost invariably the attacking party, and when he
did attack it was in the open field.
Although expectations of destroying Lee's army, and the speedy
capture of Richmond and Petersburg, were disappointed, and the
enemy had found refuge behind imprc^able fortifications, the cam-
paign was still prosecuted with determined purpose toward the same
object. While the rebel army was sheltered in his intrenchments the
national forces were busy at work outside, strengthening and advanc-
ing their position, breaking the communications of the enemy, cut-
ting off and destroying his supplies, narrowing his limits, harassing
him by raids, and occupying his attention to prevent detachments or
re-enforcements being sent to operate elsewhere.
Active operations were also going on in the Valley of the Shenan-
doah. On the Ist of May an expedition, under Generals Crook and
Averell, was sent out by General Sigel, which reached Wytheville
and accomplished the destruction of much rebel property. General
Sigel advanced on the 8th day of May with his force from Winches-
ter to New Market, where, met by the enemy under General Breckin-
ridge, he was defeated and fell back to Cedar Creek. Grcneral Hunter
was then placed in command of the department. He marched with
a strong force towanl Staunton, and in a brilliant engagement at
Piedmont defeated the enemy with severe loss. Advancing to
Staunton, he was joined there by Crook and Averell and moved
against Lynchburg. Re-enforcements from the enemy having arrived
before him, General Hunter retired by way of the Kanawha. Mean-
while, in order to repair the losses of the Army of the Potomac, the
chief part of the force designed to guard the Middle Department and
the Department of Washington was called foi*ward to the front.
Taking advantage of this state of affairs, in the absence of General
Hunter's command, the enemy made a large detachment from their
army at Richmond, which, under General Early, moved down the
Shenandoah Valley, threatening Baltimore and Washington. Their
advance was checked at Monocacy, where a severe engagement was
fought by our troops under General Wallace, re-enfoi-ced by a part
of the Sixth Corps under General Ricketts. After this battle the
enemy continued to advance until they reached the intrenchments
around Washington. Here they were met by troops from the Army
of the Potomac, consisting of the Sixth Corps, under General Wright,
a part of the £ighth Corps, under General Gillmore, and a part of the
Nineteenth Corps, just arrived from New Orleans, under General
Emory. By these troops the enemy were driven back from Washing-
ton and retreated hastily to Virginia, pursued by our forces under
General Wright.
600 CORBE8PONDBKCE, BTC.
On the 7th day of Aagmit, 1864, General Sheridan was placed in
command of the military division comprising the Department of
Washington, the Department of West Virginia, the Department of
the Snsqnehanna, and the Middle Department. In two great battles-^
at the crossing of the Opequon on the 19th of September, and at
Fisher's Hill on the 2^ of September — ^the rebel army under Early
was routed and driven from the Valley with immense loss of prison-
ers, artillery, and stores. A desperate effort was made by the enemy
to recover their position. Early was strongly re-enforced, and on the
morning of the 19th of October, in the absence of General Sheridan,
his lines were surprised, his position turned, and his forces driven
back in confusion. At the moment when a great disaster was impend-
ing Sheridan appeared upon the field, the battle was restored, and a
brilliant victory achieved. The routed forces of the enemy were pur-
sued to Mount Jackson, where he arrived without an organized regi-
ment of his army. All his artillery and thousands of prisoners fell
into Sheridan's hands. These successes closed military operations in
the Shenandoah Valley, and a rebel force appeared there no more
during the war.
Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman began the brilliant series of his
campaigns early in May. The first objective point was Atlanta. To
reach that city his armies must x>ass from the northern limit to the
center of the great State of Georgia, forcing their way through
mountain defiles and across great rivers, overcoming or turning
formidable intrenched positions defended by a strong, well-appointed
veteran army, commanded by an alert, cautious, and skillful general.
The campaign opened on the 6th day of May, and on the 2d day of
September the national forces entered Atlanta. This achievement is
thus described in General Sherman's Field Orders, No. 68:
On the Ist of May our armiee were lying in ^^arrison, seemingly quiet, from
KnoxviUe to Hnntsville, and onr enemy lay behmd his rockr-f aced Darrier at
Dalton, proud, defiant, and eznlting. He had had time smce Christmas to
recover 6am his discomfitore on the Miasion Ridge, with hia ranks filled, and a
new commander-in-chief, and second to none in the Confederacy in reputation for
skill, sagacity, and extreme popularity. All at once our armies assumed life and
action and appeared before Dalton. Threatening Rocky Face, we threw ourselves
upon Resaca, and the rebel army onlv escaped by the rapidity of its retreat,
aided by the numerous roads, with whicn he was familiar, and which were strange
to us. Again he took post in Allatoona, but we gave him no rest, and bv onr
circuit toward Dallas and subsequent movement to Acworth, we gainea the
Allatoona Pass. Then followed the eventful battles about Renesaw, and the
escape of the enemv across the Chattahoochee River.
The crooing of the Chattahoochee and breaking of the ATLgnatA road was most
handsomely executed by us, and wiU be studied as an examnle in the art of war.
At this stage of our game our enemies became dissatisfiea with their old and
skillful commander, and selected one more bold and rash. New tactics were
adopted. Hood first boldly and rapidly, on the 80th of July, fell on our right at
Peach Tree Creek and lost. Again, on the 28d, he struck our extreme left, and
was severely punished; and finally, asain on the 28th, he repeated the attempt on
our right, ana that time must have become satisfied, for since that date he has
remained on the defensive. We slowly and graduallv drew our lines about
Atlanta, feeling for the railroad which supplied the rebel army and made Atlanta
a ^ace of importance.
We must concede to oar enemy that he met these efforts patiently and skillfully,
hat at last he made the mistake we had waited for so long, and sent his cavalry to
oar rear, far beyond the reach of recall. Instantly our cavalry was on his only
remaining road, and we followed quicklv with our principal armv, and Atlanta
fell into our possession as the fruit of well-concerted measures, backed by a brave
and oonfldent army.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 501
For military reasons, Stated in the report of thelieutenant-general,*
it was determined that Atlanta should be destroyed and Sherman's
armies push forward to Savannah or some other point on the Atlantic
Coast.
Shortly before the fall of Atlanta, General Johnston had been super-
seded in command of the rebel anny by General Hood, who, adopting
a different system from that pursued by his cautious predecessor,
boldly assumed the offensive, with a view to force General Sherman
from Georgia by cutting off bis communications and invading Ten-
nessee and Kentucky. Pursuant to this plan. Hood, by a rapid march,
gained and broke up at Big Shanty the railroad that supplied Sher-
man's army, advanced to Dalton, and thence moved toward Tennessee.
Hood was followed from Atlanta by General Sherman far enough north
to cover his own purpose and assure him against Hood's interrupting
the contemplated march to the sea-coast. Sherman turned back sud-
denly to Atlanta. That city and all the railroads leading to it were
destroyed, and on the 15th of November the march commenced for
Savannah. Advancing in three columns, and living upon the coun-
try, the capital of the State and other large towns were occupied
without resistance. General Sherman's command on the 10th of
December ** closed in on the enemy's works which covered Savannah."
Fort McAllister was gallantly carried by assault on the same day.f
The city of Savannah, strongly fortified and garrisoned by a large force
under General Hardee, was summoned, but surrender was refused.
Preparations for assault were made, and in the night of the 20th of
December Hardee evacuated the cit}', and with a large part of his
garrison escaped under cover of darkness. The U. S. troops entered
the city early in the morning of the 2l8t of December. Immense
quantities of arms, ammunition, ordnance, and militar}* stores were
captured, and the cotton that fell into our hands amounted in value
to many millions of dollars.
While General Sherman's army was marching south from Atlanta
to the sea-coast the rebel army under Hood, strongly re-enforced, was
moving north, tlireatening Tennessee. The task of encountering this
formidable foe and defending the border States from invasion was
intrusted to Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas, who was ably assisted by
his second iu command, Major-General Schofield. In his report Gen-
eral Thomas says:
I found mvself confronted by the anny which, under G^eral J. E. Johnston,
had so skiUxully resisted the advance of the whole active army of the Hilitafy
Division of the Mississippi from Dfdton to the Chattahoochee, re-enforced by a
well-eqnipped and enthusiastic cavalry command of over 12,000 men, led by one of
the boldest and most successful cavalry commanders in the rebel army. My
information from all sources confirmed the reported strength stated of Hood's
army to be from 40,000 to 45,000 infantry and from 12,000 to 15,000 cavalry. My
effective force at this time consisted of the Fourth Corps, about 12,000, under Maj.
(Jen. D. S. Stanley; the Twenty-third Corps, about 10,0(X), under Major-General
Schofield: Hatch's division of cavalry, about 4,000; Croxton's brigade, 2,500;
and Capron's briffade,of about 1,200. The balance of my force was distributed
along tne railroad and posted at Murfreesborough, Stevenson, Bridgeix>rt,Hunt&-
ville, Decatur, and Chattanooga, to keep open our communications and hold the
posts above named if attacked until they could be re-enforced, as up to this time
It was impossible to determine which course Hood would take— advance on Nash-
ville or turn toward Huntsville. Under these circumstances it was manifestly
best to act on the defensive until sufficiently re-enforced to justify taking the
offensive. On the 12th of November communication with General Sherman was
severed, the last dispatch from him leaving Cartersville, Ga., at 2.25 p. m. on that
• See Senes I, Vol. XXXVIH, Part I, p. 1.
t McAllister feU December 13, 1864.
502 CORRBSPONDBNCE, ETC.
dute. He had started on his great ezpeditian from Atlanta to the eea-boaid, leav-
ing me to goard Tennessee or to pnrsoe the enemy if he followed the cotnTnanding
general's column. It was therefore with consiaerable anxiety that we watched
the force at Florence to discover what conrse they wonld pnrsne with regard to
Ghsneral Sherman's movements, determining thereby whether the troops under my
command, niunbering less than half those under Hood, were to act on the defensive
in Tennessee or take the offensive in Alabama.
When the possibility of Hood following Sherman was over, General
Thomas took measures to act on the defensive. Re-enforcements of
new regiments were hurried forward to him by the Governors of the
Western States. All troops fit for any military duty were collected
and sent forward from the hospitals, absentees on leave were called
in, the employ^ in the quartermaster's department were armed and
organized for duty in the intrenchments, and two divisions of veteran
infantry, under command of General A. J. Smith, that had been serving
on the Red River and afterward in Missouri, were pushed forward to
General Thomas. By these means his forces were 8X>eedily swelled,
when concentrated, to an army nearly as large as that of the enemy. The
public property and garrisons were drawn in from exposed positions
and points not requiired to be held, the fortifications of Nashville were
strengthened, and every preparation was made for a struggle of no
ordinary magnitude. Hood advanced to Columbia, where his attempt
to cross Duck Creek was checked for a while by General Schofield,
who repulsed the enemy many times with heavy loss, Schofield's
main force in front of Columbia was withdrawn on the night of the
29th of November and a position taken at Franklin on the morning
of the 30th. Here took place one of the most fierce and bloody battles
of the war. "The enemy," says General Thomas in his report, " fol-
lowed closely after General Schofield's rear guard in the retreat to
Franklin, and upon coming up with the main force, formed rapidly
and advanced to assault our works, repeating attack after attack dur-
ing the entire afternoon, and as late as 10 p. m. his efforts to break
our lines were continued. General Schofield's position was excellently
chosen, with both flanks resting on the river, and his men firmly held
their ground against an overwhelming enemy, who was repulsed in
every assault along the whole line. Our loss, as given by General
Schofield in his report,* transmitted herewith (and to which I respect-
fully refer), is 189 killed, 1,033 wounded, and 1,104 missing, making
an aggregate of 2,326. We captured and sent to Nashville 702 pris-
oners, including 1 general officer and 33 stand of colors. Maj. Gen.
D. S. Stanley, commanding Fourth Corps, was severely wounded at
Franklin while engaged in rallying a portion of his command which
had been temporarily overpowered by an overwhelming attack of the
enemy. At the time of the battle the enemy's loss was known to be
severe, and was estimated at 6,000. The exact figures were only
obtained, however, on the reoccupation of Franklin by our forces, after
the battles of December 15 and 16 at Brentwood Hills, near Nashville,
and are given as follows: Buried upon the field, 1,750; disabled and
placed in hospital at Franklin, 3,800, which, with the 702 prisoners
already reported, makes an aggregate loss of 6,252, among whom were
6 general officers killed, 6 wounded, and 1 captured. The important
results of this signal victory cannot be too highly appreciated, for it
not only seriously checked the enemy's advance, and gave General
Schofield time to remove his troojw and all his property to Nashville,
but it also caused deep depression among the men of Hood's army,
making them doubly cautious in their subsequent movements."
♦See Series I, Vol. XLV, Part I, p. 88d.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 503
On the night after the battle of Franklin General Schofield, by
the direction of General Thomas, fell back to Nashville, in front of
which city, on the heights, a line of battle was formed by noon of
the Ist of December. Hood's army appeared before Nashville on the
2d of December. The intense severity of the weather prevented
operations for several days. Both armies were icebound for a week
previous to the 14th of December, when the weather moderated, and
General Thomas, having completed his preparations, issued ordei'S
for battle the ensuing day. At an early hour on the morning of the
15th of December General Thomas moved against Hood's army.
The battle was furiously contested until nightfall.
The total result was the captare of 16 pieces of artilleiy and 1^300 prisonerB,
besides sereral hundred stand of small-arms and about forty wagons. The
enemy had been forced back at all points with heavy loss, and our casualties
were nnusnally light. The behavior of the troops was unsurpassed for steadi-
ness and alacrity in every movement, and the original plan or battle, with but
few alterations, was strictly adhered to. The wnole command biTouacked in
line of battle during the night on the ground occupied at dark, while preparations
were made to renew the battle at an early hour on the morrow.
The battle was renewed on the 16th at 6 o'clock in the morning.
A 3 o'clock in the afternoon the enemy's strong position on Overton's
Hill was assaulted by the Fourth Corps.
Immediately foUowing the effort of the Fourth Cor^, Generals Smith's and
Schofield's commands moved against the enemy's works in their respective fronts,
carrying aU before them, irreparablv breaking his lines in a dozen places, and cap-
turing all his artillery and thousandB of prisoners, among the latter four general
officers. Our loss was remarkably small , scarcely mentionable. All of the enemy
that did escape were pursued over the tops of Brentwood and Harpeth Hills. Gen-
eral Wilson's cavalrv, dismounted, attacked the enemy simultaneously with Scho-
field and Smith, striking him in reverse, and, gaining firm possession of Granny
White pike, cut off his retreat by that route. Wood's and Steedman's troops,
hearing the shouts of victory coming from the riffht, rushed impetuouslv forward,
renewing the assault on Overton's Hill, and, although meeting a very heavy fire,
the onset was irresistible, artillery and innumerable prisoners falling into our
hands. The eneinv, hopelessly broken, fled in confusion through the Brentwood
Pass, the Fourth Com m a close pursuit, which was continued for several miles,
when darkness cloeea the scene and the troops rested f^m their labors. • * •
During the two days' operations there were 4,462 prisoners captured, including
287 officers of all grades from that of major-general, 53 pieces of artillery, ana
thousands of small-arms. The enemy abandoned on the field all of his dead and
woonded.
At the battle of Nashville Hood's army, which at one time was
considered the best drilled and most formidable rebel force set on
foot daring the war, disappeared as an army organization. Com-
manded successively by Bragg, Johnston, and Hood, many bloody
fields proved the conrage of the soldiers and the skill of its com-
manders. The shattered fragments of this army were pursued from
Nashville to the Tennessee River by the main forces of General
Thomas, and were followed and harassed for 200 miles by detached
commands. In his report General Thomas remarks:
To Colonel Palmer and his command is accorded the credit of giving Hood*s
army the last blow of the campaign, at a distance of over 200 miles from where
we first struck the enemy on the 15th of December, near Nashville.
What troops escaped from the pursuit were afterward united
with other fragments of rebel forces under General Johnston, and
finally laid down their arms to General Sherman at Raleigh.
While the events that have been mentioned were transpiring in
the main armies, other military operations of less magnitude, but
contributing to the general result by harassing and weakening the
504 CORBE8PONDENCE, ETC.
enemy, were in progress. A large rebel force under John Morgan
invaded Kentucky and was defeated by General Burbridge in .a
severe engagement at Cynthiana on the 12th day of June. Jobn
Morgan was surprised and killed, and his staff captured by General
Gillem on the 4th day of September, 1864. In the month of Novem-
ber a rebel expedition under Breckinridge, Duke, and Vaughn was
repulsed by General Ammen and driven from East Tennessee. An
ejq)edition under General Stoneman and General Burbridge pene-
trated to Saltville, in Southwestern Virginia, destroyed the works at
that place, broke up the railroads, and inflicted great destruction
upon the enemy's supplies and communications.
After the withdrawal of our troops from the Red River a large
i^bel force advanced under Sterling Price into Kansas, and pene-
trated thence into the Department of the Missouri; but they were at
length driven back with heavy loss.
Other military operations of greater or less magnitude occurred
during the year, some attended with disaster, some with brilliant
success. Of the former class were Kilpatrick's raid against Rich-
mond; the capture of Pljrmouth and its garrison at the commence-
ment of the year by the rebels under Hoke; the defeat of the expe-
dition from Memphis under General Stui^; the capture of Fort
Pillow by Chalmers and Forrest, and Stoneman's expedition to
Andersonville. On the other hand, the raids of Grierson from Mem-
phis in December, of Stoneman and Burbridge into Virginia, of
Wilson into Alabama, inflicted sore distress ux>on the enemy, and
brought the rebels to a solemn sense of the sufferings caused to
themselves by the war they had undertaken against their Govern-
ment.
At the commencement of the year 1865 all hearts were more anxious
than ever to bring the war to a speedy close. £very preparation to
that end was made by the Dei)iurtment and by the military com-
manders in the field. Adequate appropriations were voted and new
popular loans authorized by Congress. Further measures for recruit-
ing the Army, prompted by experience, were enacted. A new draft
for half a million of men was put into prompt execution. The State
executives renewed their labors in calling for volunteers. The i>eople
responded to the demands of the occasion, and rapid recruitment
be^n in all the States, and was at its height when Richmond f elL
Troops were at that time being raised, organized, armed, and equipped
as fast as they could be conveniently transx>ort6d to the field. To the
coming campaigns through the Carolinas and in Virginia all eyes
looked for a speedy and decisive result that should end the war. The
military position is thus stated by the lieutenant-general:
In March, 1866, General Canby was moving an adequate force against MobUe
and the army defending it nnder General Dick Taylor; Thomas was pushing out
two large and well-appointed cavalry expeditions— one from Middle Tennessee,
nnder Brevet Major-€reneral Wilson, a^ninst the enemy *s vital points in Alabama;
the other from iSast Tennessee, nnder Major-General Stoneman, toward Ldynch-
borg— and assembliziff the remainder of his available forces preparatory to
offensive operations from East Tennessee; General Sheridan's cavab^ vras at
White House: the Armies of the Potomac and James were confronting the enemy
tmder Lee in his defenses of Richmond and Petersbnig; General Sherman, with
his armies re-enforoed by that of General Schofieid, was at Goldsboxtmgh;
General Pope was making preparations for a spring campaign aga^t the enemy
nnder Eirby Smith and mce west of the Mississippi, and General Hancock was
concentrating a force in the vicinity of Winchester, Va. , to guard against inva-
sion, or to operate offensively, as might prove necessary.
CNIOK AUTHORITIES. 505
Official reports show that on the 1st of March, 1865, the aggregate
national military force of all arms, officers and men, was 965,591,
to wit:
Ayailahle force present for duty* 602,598
On detached service in the different military departments 182, 588
In field hospitals or nnfit for duty - 85,638
In general hospitals or on slck-leaye at home 148,419
Abeimt on fnrfongh or as prisoners of war 81,695
Absent without leave 19,688
Grand aggregate 965,691
This force was augmented on the Ist of May, 1865, by enlistments
to the number of 1,000,516 of all arms, officers and men.f
The aggregate available force present for duty on the 1st of March
was distributed in the different commands as follows:
Army of the Potomac 108,273
Heaaqnarters Military Division of the Mississippi 17
Department of the Cnmberland 62,626
Department of the Tennessee 45, 649
Left Wlnp, Army of Georgia 81,644
Cavalry Corps, Military Division of the Mississippi 27,410
Headquarters Military l>i vision of West Mississippi 24
Reserve brigades, Military Division of West Mississippi 18, 748
Department of the Gulf 85,625
Department of Arkansas 24,509
Department of Mississippi 24,151
Sixteenth Army Corps 14, 895
Headquarters Military Division of the Missouri 12
Department of the Missouri 18,557
Department of the Northwest 4,781
H^quarters Middle Military Division 841
Cavalry forces. Middle MilitMTT Division 12,980
Nineteenth Army Corps 6,612
Middle Department 2,089
Department of Washin^on 26,056
Department of West Virginia 15,617
Department of Pennsylvania 820
Department of the East 7,462
Department of Virginia 45,966
Department of North Carolina 84,945
Department of the South 11,510
Department of Kentucky 10,655
Northern Department 11,229
Department of the Pacific _ 7,024
Department of New Mexico 2,501
Grand total 602,598
The active operations of 1865 began with the reduction of Fort
Fisher by a combined exi>edition of land and naval forces. The port
of Wilmington, N. C, during the whole war had been a principal
point of foreign trade with the rebels. The advantage of its position
defied the most rigorous blockade, and after the fall of Savannah it
was the only gate through which foreign supplies could pass to the
rebels. The strong works and garrison of Fort Fisher, at the mouth
of Cape Fear River, were the main defense of Wilmington. On the
13th of December a force of about 6,500 men under Major-General
Butler started from Fortress Monroe to operate in conjunction with
a naval force under Admiral Porter against Fort Fisher. General
Butler effected a landing on the 25th of December, but re-embarked
on the 27th and returned with his troops to Fortress Monroe. The
*Bat see explanatory foot-note, p. 187.
t Bat see a later ofOcial compilation for April 80, 1865, Vol. IV, this series, p. 1288.
506 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
lieutenant-general ordered the enterprise to be renewed by General
Terry, who, on the 2d of January, was placed in command of the
same troops, with a re-enforcement that made the whole number
about 8,000. On the morning of the 13th of January the troops were
disembarked, under cover of a heavy effective fire from the fleet. An
assault was made in the afternoon of the 15th of January, and, after
desperate hand-to-hand fighting for several hours, the works were
carried, the enemy driven out, and about midnight the whole garri-
sion, with its commander, General Whiting, surrendered. The fall of
Fort Fisher carried with it the other defenses of Cape Fear River.
Fort Caswell and the works on Smith's Island fell into our hands on
the 16th and 17th, Fort Anderson on the 19th, and. General Schofield
advancing, the enemy were driven from Wilmington on the 21st of
February.
Early in the month of January Major-General Sherman, having refit-
ted his army, entered upon his campaign from Savannah through the
States of South Carolina and North Carolina, the incidents of which
are detailed in his accompanying report.* Its result is thus stated in
his Special Field Orders, No. 76:
Waiting at Sayannah only long enonRh to fill our wagons, we again hecan a
march, which, for peril, lahor, and resmts, will compare with any ever maae by
an organized armv. The floods of the Savannah, the swamps of the Combahee
and £disto, the ''nigh hiUs'* and rocks of the Santee, the flat (ina^^mires of the
Pedee and Cape Fear Rivers, were aU passed in midwinter, with its floods and
rains, in the face of an aocnmulating enemy; and, after the battles of Averasbor-
ongh and BentonviUe, we once more came oat of the wilderness to meet oar
friends at Qoldsborough. Even then we pansed only lon^ enoofi^h to get new
clothing, to reload oar waffons, and stgain pashed on to Raleigfh and bevond, until
we met oar enemj suing for peacd instead of war, and offering to submit to the
injured laws of his and our country.
The operations in General Canby's military division also exercised
an important influence at this juncture. After the disaster upon the
Red River a change of the military organization west of the Missis-
sippi was made to meet the emergency. The Departments of Arkansas
and the Gulf, including Louisiana and Texas, were united in one mili-
tary division — West Mississippi, under command of Major-Greneral
Canby. His efforts were directed to the organization and concentra-
tion of the forces and material within his division, and in measures
to prevent the rebel troops west of the Mississippi from re-enforcine
the armies operating east of that river. In the month of July [August J
Fort Gaines, Fort Powell, and Fort Morgan, constituting important
defenses of Mobile Bay, were reduced by a combined movement of
laaid forces under General Gordon Granger, detached by Greneral
Canby and co-operating with a naval force under Admiral Farragut.
Early in the spring of 1865 a large force under Generals A. J. Smith,
Gordon Granger, and F. Steele was directed against the city of
Mobile. The enemy were driven out of Spanish Fort by bombard-
ment. Fort Blakely was taken by assault, and the city of Mobile was
evacuated by the enemy on the 12th of April. The brilliance of these
achievements has been overshadowed by the grander scale of opera-
tions in other quarters, but their skill and success are worthy of high
admiration. After the fall of Savannah, Charleston, and Wilming-
ton the enemy had placed his last hopes on retaining a foothold in
the cotton States at Mobile. It was strongly fortified and garrisoned,
and orders were issued to hold it at every hazard.
♦See Series I, Vol. XLVH. Part I, p. 17.
UNION AUTHORITIEa 607
In the latter part of February General Sheridan, under direction of
the lieutenant-general, moved from Winchester to Staunton, which
place he captumL on the 2d of March, taking prisoners, artillery, and
military stores. He thence moved on Charlottesville and destroyed
the Richmond and Lynchburg Railroad and the bridges across the
Rivanna River. Dividing his forces, one column moved to New
Market and destroyed the James River Canal; the other column
pushed toward Lynchburg, destroying the railroad to Amherst Court-
House. These columns, reuniting, moved to the White House, on the
Pamunkey, effecting great destruction of the canal on their route,
and thence put themselves in communication with the forces around
Richmond.
The month of March, 1865, opened the great campaign against
Richmond and the army that had so long defended the rebel capitaL
lofitructions were given by the lieutenant-general on the 24th of
March for a general movement of the national forces around Rich-
mond. It commenced on the morning of the 29th of March. Ten
days' marching and fighting finished the campaign. Richmond,
Petersburg, the Army of Virginia and its commander were captured.
Jefferson Davis and his so-called Confederate Government were fugi-
tives or prisoners of war. Davis fled from Richmond on the after-
noon of Sunday, the 2d day of April. The national forces occupied
Petersburg and entered Richmond Monday morning. Lee's army was
pursued until it reached Appomattox Court-House, where on Sunday,
the 9th day of April, it laid down its arms on the terms prescribed by
General Grant.
From this period the history of the war is but an enumeration of
successive surrenders by rebel commanders. On the 26th day of
April General Johnston surrendered his command to Major-General
Sherman at Raleigh, N. C. General Howell Cobb, with 1,200 militia
and five generals, surrendered to General Wilson at Macon, Ga., on
the 20th of April. General Dick Taylor, on the 14th r4th] of May,
surrendered all the remaining rebel forces east of the Mississippi to
General Canby. On the 11th [10th] of May Jefferson Davis, disguised
and in flight, was captured at Irwinville, Ga. On the 26th of May
General Kirby Smith surrendered his entire command west of the
Mississippi to Major-General Canby. With this surrender the or-
ganiased rebel force disappeared from the territory of the United
States. The flag of the United States was lowered at Fort Sumter on
the 14th of April, 1861, by Major Anderson, who, long besieged by
overwhelming rebel forces, was compelled, with his small garrison, to
evacuate the works. On the anniversary of that day, four years later,
the rebel forces having been driven from Charleston, the national
banner was planted again upon Fort Sumter, under the orders of the
President by the hands of General Anderson, with appropriate mili-
tary and naval ceremonies, and a commemorative address delivered
by the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher.
Their victorious campaigns ended, the Armies of the Tennessee
and the Cumberland and the Army of the Potomac marched through
Richmond to the Federal capital, where they were reviewed by the
President and the distinguished commanders under whom they had
so long and so gallantly served in the field. After this national cere-
mony they and their fellow-soldiers in other commands were paid,
and, as rapidly as the condition of affairs would admit, were released
from the military service of the country; and, returning to their
homes in the several States, they were welcomed witJi the thanks and
rejoicings of a grateful x)eople.
608 COBBBSPONDENCBf BTC.
One other event may prox^erly be noticed in this report as a -part
of the military history of the rebellion. While our armies, by their
gallantry and courage and the skill of their commanders, were over-
coming all resistance in the field to the national authority, a swift
and sudden blow was aimed at the national existence and at the life
of the Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy, which, for
atrocity in its circumstances, the cruel art that designed it, and the
peril to which it exposed the Grovemment, is unsurpassed in the his-
tory of nations. Shortly before the Richmond campaign opened
President Lincoln went to the headquarters of Lieutenant-General
Grant at City Point, where he remained until the capture of Peters-
burg and Richmond. After their occupation by our forces he visited
those cities, and returned to Washington on the evening of Sunday,
the 9th day of April. The dispatch of the lieutenant-general
announcing General Lee's surrender was communicated to him about
11 o'clock Sunday night. From that time until he was assassinated
his attention was earnestly directed to the restoration of jieace and
the reorganization of civil government in the insurgent States. In a
public address to an assemblage that met at the ^ecutive Mansion
on the evening of Wednesday, the 12th of April, to congratulate him
on the success of our arms, his views and some of his measures were
explained. On the night of the following Friday the President was
shot by an assassin, and expired at about 7 o'clock on the morning of
Saturday, the 15th of April. This assassination appeared to be part
of a deliberate, comprehensive conspiracy to, assassinate the Presi-
dent, Vice-President, Secretary of State, lieutenant-general, and
other officers of the Government, with a view to its disorganization.
About the same hour of the President's murder an effort was made
to assassinate the Secretary of State, who was then confined to his
bed by serious injuries accidentally received a few days before. He
and other members of his family were dangerously wounded. Some
of the i>arties engaged in this conspiracy were tried, convicted,
and executed; others are still under sentence of imprisonment for
life. The details are given in the report of the Judge- Advocate-
General.* The designs upon the Vice-President and the lieutenant-
general failed ; and upon the death of the President the Vice-Presi-
dent was sworn into office and assumed the duties of President of
the United States. These events were promptly communicated to
the armies by general orders, and from thenceforth until the present
time the Government has been administered by Andrew Johnson as
Chief Executive and Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy.
The destruction of the rebel military power opened the way to
re-establish civil government in the insurgent States. From that
period the functions of the military department became simply
co-operative with other branches of the Federal Government.
Nashville, Tenn., was the first capital of an insurgent StAte in
which the Federal authority was re-established. The rebel army was
driven out on the 23d day of February, 1862, and that city occupied
by the Union forces. On the 3d day of March, 18G2, Andrew Johnson,
then Senator in Congress from the State of Tennessee— the only Sena-
tor from an insurgent State who retained his seat in Congress — was
appointed Military Governor of the State of Tennessee. He accepted
the appointment, and promptly entered upon his duties, and con-
tinued to exercise them until his resignation on the 3d day of March,
1865. In all the vicissitudes of the war his administration was
•See p. 490.
UNION AUTHORITIB8. 609
directed to the establishment and maintenance of the Constitution
and laws of the United States within and over the State of Tennessee.
Without entering upon details it is sufficient to remark that exten-
sion of civil authority kept pace with the reduction of the rebel
power. The Federal courts were opened and justice administered.
Under his direction, against many discouragements and much oppo-
sition, great advance was made toward the full re-establishment of
civil authority and the restoration of the State to its practical rela-
tions to the Federal Government. He issued a proclamation on the
6th of January, 1864, for the election of township and county officers^
justices of the peace, constables, trustees, sheriffs, clerks, registers,
and tax collectors. In the month of May a convention was held at
Knoxville, East Tenn., to devise measures for restoring civil govern-
ment in the State. In the month of August another convention was
called to meet at Nashville on the 5th of September to reorganize
the State. A full convention being prevented by the condition of
military affairs, this body recommended that another convention,
''elected by the loyal people," should assemble at an early day to
revise the State constitution. The Governor issued a procLamation
on the 7th of September announcing that he should proceed to
appoint officers and establish tribunals ''in all the counties and dis-
tricts of the State whenever the people gave evidence of loyalty and
a desire for civil government, and a willingness to sustain the offi-
cers and tribunals." A convention was called to meet on the 9th of
January, 1865, at Nashville, to revise the State constitution. This
convention met, amendments to the State constitution were adopted,
slavery was abolished, and provision made for submitting the amend-
ments to the i)eople and for holding elections. The amendments
were ratified by popular vote. A Governor, Legislature, and members
of Congress were subsequently (on the 4th of March) elected by the
people. The Legislature assembled on the first Monday of April; the
abolition of slavery was enacted. Senators to Congress elected, and a
State government was fully organized, and has since continued in
action. This system of reorganization having been found practicable
by actual experience, it was adopted by the President, with such
modifications as he deemed proper, for ^1 the insurgent States, and
is now in course of execution.
The disposition exhibited after the surrender of their armies in all
the insurgent States to submit to the national authority dispensed
with the necessity of keeping large armies on foot, and indicated the
degree to which the war power might be reduced. So much only of
the national military force has been kept in each State as is needed
to keep the peace, protect the public proi)erty, and enforce the laws.
It was apparent that by the surrender of General Lee and his army
the militarj' power on which alone the rebellion rested was irretrieva-
bly broken, no doubt being entertained that Lee's siirrender would be
followed by that of Johnston, and perhaps all other commanders of
the insurgent forces. The attention of the Department was immedi-
ately directed to the following objects, and on the 13th of April, four
days after Lee's surrender, public notice was given that orders would
be speedily issued to carry them into effect, viz:
First. To stop all drafting and recruiting in the loyal States.
Second. To curtail purchases of arms, ammunition, quartermaster
and commissary supplies, and reduce the exx)enses of the military
establishment in the several branches.
Third. To reduce the number of general and staff officers to the
actual necessities of the service.
510 C0RBE8P0in>ENCEy ETC.
Fourth. To remove all military restrictions upon trade and com-
merce, so far as might be consistent with the public safety.
These measures have been carried into effect from time to time, as
the exigencies of the service would admit. It will be seen from the
report of the Adjutant-General that troops to the number of 800,963
have ab^eady been mustered, paid off, and disbanded. Further
reduction is contemplated. Upon the discharge of troops the serv-
ices of a g^reat number of staff, field, and general officers were no
longer required. Of these some have resigned, and others were hon-
orably mustered out. No doubt in many instances it has been pain-
ful for gallant and accomplished officers to leave that service to which
they have been accustom^, and where they have won honorable dis-
tinction. But it i» to the credit of the volunteer service that they
have recognized the obligation of the Government to reduce the mili-
tary establishment with the occasion that called it into existence, and
that their own wishes or interest have not been importunately ui^^
against the necessities of the service.
The disposition of the Veteran Reserve Corps presented some con-
siderations of peculiar nature. It was the inclination of the Depart-
ment to retain it in service until the meeting of Congress. But
inquiry showed that a very small per cent, of enlisted men were con-
tent to remain in service. All who desired have therefore been dis-
charged, and supernumerary officers mustered out.
Recruiting to fill the regular regiments has continued. Several
thousand applications for commissions in the regular service are on
file. These commissions, hitherto, have been conferred only by pro-
motion from the ranks. But to secure the requisite number of com-
I>etent officers a board has been appointed to examine applicants and
determine their relative merit. From the list selected by the Board,
and in the order of merit, appointments are to be made. Two years'
actual service in the war is indispensable for appointment.
The establishment of a well organized militia system is one of the
most important subjects that will demand the attention of Congress.
This subject has already received careful consideration, and it is
believed that after conference with the appropriate committees a
practical system may be agreed upon.
Measures for the establishment of homes, and some provision for
the aid and relief of wounded and disabled soldiers, is also a subject
that will commend itself strongly to every patriotic heart. Whether
this duty, which the country owes to patriots who have suffered in
the national defense can best be performed by the National Govern-
ment or administered by the respective State authorities, and whether
relief can best be afforded by an increase of pension, or by estikblish-
ing homes, are points on which opinions differ, and whic^ can only
be settled by the wisdom of Congress.
The Board of Visitors to the Military Academy at West Point, in
June last, made an elaborate report, which is herewith submitted.*
They recommend a reorganization, and a number of measures which,
in their opinion, will enhance the benefits of that national institution.
To these the attention of Congress is respectfully invited, with the
recommendation that the number of cadets be increased, as recom-
mended, and that the superintendence of the institution be no longer
confined to the Engineer Bureau. It is believed that the Military
Academy is at present well conducted, and that their re8iK>n8ible
♦Omitted.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 511
duties are efficiently x>erfonned by the officers, professors, and
InMtructoTS charged with the instruction.
The war appropriations at the last session of Congress, as has been
stated, amounted to the sum of $516,240,131. 70. The estimates for the
next fiscal year, commencing June 30, 1866, are $33,814,461.83.
These estimates are based upon a standing force of 50,000 men, so
organized as to admit of an increase, without additional organiza-
tions, to 82,600 troops of all arms.
This estimate has been made after conference and careful consid-
eration, and is believed to be adequate for any national exigency, if
the country should be blessed with peace. The reduction of .the
national military force in its rapidity and numbers is without exam-
ple, and if there be any alarm in the public mind because this
reduction is made while grave questions at home and abroad are
unsettled, a brief consideration of the subject will show that there is
no cause for apprehension.
The force to be retained is small compared with that which was
organized to subdue the rebellion. But the only reasons demanding
greater force are: First, renewal of the insurrection; second, a for-
eign war. For either or both emergencies the national resources
remain ample. The chief demands for war, as shown by our experi-
ience, are: First, troops; second, arms and ammunition; third, cloth-
ing; fourth, transportation; and fifth, subsistence supplies.
TTie trooi)s disbanded were chiefly volunteers, who went to the field
to uphold the system of free government established by their fathers
and which they mean to bequeath to their children. Their toils and
sufferings, their marches, battles, and victories have not diminished
the value of that government to them; so that any new rebellion
would encounter equal or greater force for its reduction; and none
can ever spring up with such advantages at the start or be conducted
with superior means, ability, or prospect of success. A foreign war
would intensify the national feeling, and thousands, once misled,
would rejoice to atone their error by rallying to the national flag.
The question of time in which armies could be raised to quell insur-
rection or repel invasion is therefore the only question relating to
troops. Our experience on this point is significant. When Lee's
army surrendered thousands of recruits were pouring in, and men
were discharged from recruiting stations and rendezvous in every
State. On several occasions, when troops were promptly needed to
avert impending disaster, vigorous exertion brought them into the
field from remote States with incredible speed. Official reports show
that after the disasters on the Peninsula, in 1862, over 80,000 troops
were enlisted, organized, armed, equipped, and sent into the field in
less than a month. Sixty thousand troops have rei>eatedly gone to the
field within four weeks. And 90,000 infantry were sent to the armies
from the five States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin
within twenty days.
When the rebellion commenced the Nation was a stranger to war.
Officers had little experience, privates had none. But the present
generation of men in this country are now veteran soldiers. For the
battle, the march, or the siege, they are already trained. They are as
much at home in the tented field as in the farm-house, the manufac-
tory, or the shop. No time is required to train them; and the speed
of the railroad and telegraph determines the time required to raise an
army in the United States.
S^sond. As to arms and ammunition. The disbanded armies were
allowed to take home their anns at a nominal price. Rust is not
512 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
likely to gather on the mnsket or saber borne through the camxMtigns
of 1864 and 1865. The Gk)vemment retains in its arsenals more than
a million of the best quality of arms and equipments. The artillery
on hand tasks the Department for its means of storage. The manu-
facture of ammunition requires materials for which we have in some
degree relied upon other countries, because they could be had
cheai>er. For this reason, and to guard against any mischance, three
years' stock of material for ammunition has always been kept in store,
and the supply on hand is ample for any war that can be waged
against us by any nation.
Third. Clothing, transportation, and subsistence. After selling or
distributing among freedmen and refugees all damaged or irregular
clothing, the stock of clothing and material in the quartermaster's
dei>ots is sufficient fo^ any armies that may be called into service.
The water transports and rolling-stock, mules, wagons, and horses
held by the Government were adequate to the movement and supply
of larger forces, in less time, than had heretofore been known in
war. The Grovemment has disposed or is disposing of this transx>or-
tation, but it remains in this country, and can answer any exigency.
Army subsistence is derived from the country in which military
operations are carried on or supplied from other markets. During
the war this most vital branch of the service never failed. It answers
to the demand, and is ever ready to meet the national call.
It is plain, therefore, that the abundance of our means for war
enables the Government of the United States to reduce the standing
force to a lower degree than any other nation. Unless war be actuaUy
raging, the military force can be brought within very narrow limits.
However sudden the exigency calling for an exhibition of military
power, it can be promptly met. With our education, habits, and
exi>erience, the Nation, while in the midst of peace, is prepared for
war.
The present military organization comprehends nineteen depart-
ments, embraced in five military divisions, as follows:
1. The Department of the East, Maj. Gton. Joseph Hooker to com-
mand, to embrace the New England States, New York, and New Jer-
sey. Headquarters at New York City.
2. The Middle Dex)artment, Maj. Gen. W. S. Hancock to command,
to embrace the States of West Virginia, Maryland (excepting the coun-
ties of Montgomery, that x>art of Anne Arundel lying south of the
Annapolis and Elk Ridge Railroad, and excluding the city of Annap-
olis, Prince George's, Calvert, Charles, and Saint Mary's), the county
of Loudoun, and the Shenandoah Valley as far south as and including
Rockingham County, in Virginia, the States of Delaware and Penn-
sylvania. Headquarters at Baltimore.
3. The Department of Washington, Maj. Gton. C. C. Augur to com-
mand, to embrace the District of Columbia, the counties of Montgom-
ery, that part of Anne Arundel lying south of the Annapolis and Elk
Ridge Railroad, and including the city of Annapolis, Prince George's,
Calvert, Charles, and Saint Mary's, in Maryland, and Alexandria and
Fairfax Counties, in Virginia. Headquarters at Washington.
4. The Department of the Ohio, Maj. Gen. E. O. C. Ord to command,
to embrace the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Mich-
igan. Headquarters at Detroit.
5. The Department of the Tennessee, Maj. Gen. George Stoneman
to command, to embrace the State of Tennessee. Headquarters at
Knoxville.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 513
6. The Department of Kentucky, Maj. Gen. John M. Palmer to
command, to embrace the State of Kentucl^ and Jefferson ville and
New Albany, in Indiana. Headquarters at Iiouisyille.
7. The Department of the Missouri, Maj. Gen. John Pope to com-
mand, to embrace the States of Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, and Kan-
sas, and the Territories of Colorado, Utah, Nebraska, Dakota, New
Mexico, and Montana. Headquarters at Saint Louis.
8. The Department of Virginia, Maj. Gen. Alfred H. Terry to com-
mand, to embrace the State of Virginia, excepting Alexandria, Fair-
fax, and Loudoun Counties and the Shenandoah Valley as far south
as and including Rockingham County. Headquarters at Richmond.
9. The Department of North Carolina, Maj. Gen. J. M. Schofield
to command, to embrace the State of North Carolina. Headquarters
at Raleigh.
10. The Department of South Carolina, Maj. G^n. Daniel Sickles to
command, to embrace the State of South Carolina. Headquarters at
Charleston.
11. The Department of Georgia, Maj. Gen. James B. Steedman to
command, to embrace the State of Georgia. Headquarters at Augusta.
12. The Department of Florida, Maj. G^n. John G. Foster to com-
mand, to embrace the State of Florida. Headquarters at Tallahassee.
13. The Department of Mississippi, Maj. Gen. Thomas J. Wood to
command, to embrace the State of Mississippi. Headquarters at
Vicksburg.
14. The DeiMtrtment of Alabama, Maj. Gen. C. R. Woods to com-
mand, to embrace the State of Alabama. Headquarters at^ Mobile.
15. The Department of Louisiana, 'Maj. Gen. £. R. S. Canby to
command, to embrace the State of Louisiana. Headquarters at New
Orleans.
16. The Department of Texas, Maj. Gen. H. G. Wright to command,
to embrace the State of Texas. Headquarters at Galveston.
17. The Department of Arkansas, Maj. Gen. J. J. Reynolds to com-
mand, to embrace the State of Arkansas and the Indian Territory.
Headquarters at Little Rock.
18. The Department of the Columbia, Maj. Gren. F. Steele to com-
mand, to embrace the State of Oregon and the Territories of Wash-
ington and Idaho. Headquarters at Fort Vancouver.
19. Hie Department of California, Maj. Gen. Irvin McDowell to
command, to embrace the States of California and Nevada, and Ter-
ritories of New Mexico and Arizona. Headquarters at San Francisco.
1. The Military Division of the Atlantic, Maj. Glen. George G.
Meade to command, to embrace the Department of the East, Middle
Department, Department of Virginia, Department of North Carolina,
and Dei>artment of South Carolina. Headquarters at Philadelphia.
2. The Military Division of the Mississippi, Maj. Gen. W. T. Sher-
man to command, to embrace the Department of the Ohio, Depart-
ment of the Missouri, and Department of Arkansas. Headquarters
at Saint Louis.
3. The MUitary Division of the Gulf, Maj. Gen. P. H. Sheridan to
command, to embrace the Department of Louisiana, Department of
Texas, and Department of Florida. Headquarters at New Orleans.
4. The Military Division of the Tennessee, Maj. Gton. G. H. Thomas
to command, to embrace the Department of the. Tennessee, Depart-
ment of Kentucky, Department of Georgia, Department of Mississippi,
and Department of Alabama. Headquarters at Nashville.
33 B B— SBRIES m, VOL V
514 C0BRE8P0NDBNCE, BTC.
5. The Military Division of the Paoifio, Maj. Oen. H. W. Hal-
leck to command, to embrace the Department of the Columbia and
Department of California. Headquarters at San Francisco.
Indian hostilities upon the plains and the overland routes to the
Pacifie Coast have given much annoyance, required the employment
of many troops, and occasioned great expense to the militaiy depart-
ment. Several Indian councils have been held during the past sea-
son and large military expeditions sent out against hostile tribes
and bands. What has been accomplished by treaty or by fighting
will doubtless be exhibited in the official reports of the Indian cam-
paigns, which have not yet reached the Department.
Disbanding the troops reduces at once the amount to be expended
in some items of appropriation, but in others requires larger imme-
diate expenditures. Upon their discharge the soldiers became entitled
to all the installments of bounty which would have fallen due at later
X)eriods, and in many cases exceeding a year's x>ay* The transporta-
tion of large armies from the field in Southern States to their remote
homes in the West, or in Eastern and Northern States, made extraordi-
nary drafts on the Quartermaster's Department beyond what would
be required for armies marching or encamped. The vast amount of
live-stock on hand requires forage until sales can be made. These are
effected with the utmost diligence; but still this large item of expendi-
ture continues through a large part of the fiscal year. The financial
effects, therefore, of the reduction of the Army and retrenchment of
exx)enditures can only operate to any great extent on the next fiscal
year.
To accomplish the great object of promptly reducing the military
exx>enditures, the following general order was made by the Secretary
of War on the 28th of April.*
The administrative details of the Department during the great
military operations that have been mentioned, and what has been
done toward a reduction to a peace establishment, will api)ear in the
reports of the respective chiefs of bureaus.
adjutant-general's report.
From the report of the Adjutant-General it will be seen that the
recruiting service of the Regular Army is progressing favorably, the
number of recruits enlisted for all arms irom October 31, 1864, to
October 1, 1865, having been 19,555. The regiments comprising
it have been distributed to stations, and their ranks are rapidly filling
up, thus enabling the Department to relieve regiments of volunteer
troops. The present authorized strength of the reguUur regiments is
1,570 officers and 41,819 enlisted men. This estimate is ms^e on the
basis of 42 privates to a company, the number now allowed by law at
all except frontier posts.
It is recommended in the report that the maximum standard be
fixed at 100 enlisted men to a company.
The Adjutant-General recommends that provisions be made by law
for enlisting 100 boys, not under twelve years of age, as musicians, as
was done before the laws of 1864 and 1865 prohibited the enlistment
of minors under the age of sixteen years; that the laws by which
one-half of their pay, during the period of absence, is lost by officers
absent with leave for more than thirty days in one year, except from
wounds or sickness, be i-epealed, and that an act bo ^lassed providing
♦ See General Orders, No. 77, Vol. IV, this series, p. 1280.
UNION AUTHOBITIES. 616
for the enlistment of meritorious disabled soldiero as sni>erintendents
of the National Cemeteries, numbering about f orty^ each to receive the
pay and allowance of an ordnance sergeant.
Eight volumes of reports of battles, with maps and indexes, pre-
pared under the resolution of Congress of May 19, 1864, have been
completed and sent to the Qovernment Printing Office. The publica-
tion of the greater part of the remaining reports is only deferred
until the receipt of others not yet rendered, and which are required
to preserve the chronological order observed in the preparation of the
volumes already completed. The register of volunteer officers called
for by resolution of June 30, 1864, and embracing some 200,000 names,
will be completed by the time Congress assembles.
The aggregate of volunteers, drafted men, and substitutes ordered
to the field between the 1st of November, 1864, and 30th of April,
1865, was 202,117. The number of volunteers, drafted men, and
militia mustered out and discharged within the same period was
61,000. In disbanding the forces no longer required after the cessa-
tion of hostilities, the same machinery of mustering officers and
depots has been used as in recruiting. Regiments have been sent
home as fast as they could be transported and paid, the officers being
held responsible for the good behavior of the men. Instances have
been rare of any disorders. Much credit is due to mustering officers,
paymasters, and railroad companies, through whose efforts troops,
numbering in the aggregate 800,963 men, have been transported, mus-
tered out, and paid.
On the 28th of April, 1865, it was ordered that returns be made of
the volunteer forces in the field, with a view to their immediate reduc-
tion, and in connection with this order regulations were prepared and
promulgated for their muster out and discharge. In executing this
work promptness and a proper protection of the interests of the
Government and the troops were held in view; and among other
measures necessary to its completion rendezvous were establ&hed in
the field as well as in most of the States. At the field rendezvous all
surplus proi>erty was taken possession of by the staff officers of the
respective supply departments, and the muster-out rolls and other
discharge papers prepared under the direction of corps commissaries
of musters and their assistants. Corps and department commanders
were instructed to see that the work was pushed with energy, using
for that end the division and brigade commanders, with their respec-
tive staff officers to superintend it. As soon as a regiment or other
organization had its muster-out papers prepared, it was placed en
route to its State for payment and final discharge. At the State ren-
dezvous was located the chief mustering officer of the State, or one
or more of his assistants, with paymasters, quartermasters, commis-
saries of subsistence, and ordnance officers, whose duties were with
the payment and final discharge of the troops, their care while await-
ing the same, the reception of the public property turned in by them,
and their transportation to their homes after discharge.
By the foregoing arrangements the entire force of commissaries and
assistant commissaries of musters for troops in the field have been
made available for the work, in connection with the chief and other
State mustering officers. The most experienced mustering officers
and those most familiar with the regimental records were secured, the
records from which the mustering-out data were to be obtained were
readily accessible, and the loss of records (so common through the
neglect of regimental officers) whilst the regiments were en route from
516 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
the field to their States was avoided. Regimental officers have been
held to a rigid accountability in preparing the records, and the inter-
ests of the enlisted men thus protected. Order and discipline have
been maintained whilst troops were en rout« to the States and after
arrival therein. Troops have been comfortably cared for up to the
moment they were x>aid off and ready to start for their homes. Dis-
satisfaction among them has been obviated and causes for complaint
removed, and all public property has been easily secured and readily
accounted for.
The arrangements for the care of discharged troops being com-
pleted, orders to muster out and discharge the forces from service
were issued as follows:
April 29. — ^All recruits, drafted men, substitutes, and volunteers
remaining at the several State depots.
May 4 [3].— All patients in hospitals, except veteran volunteers and
veterans or the First Army Corps (Hancock's).
May 8. — All troops of the cavalry arm whose terms of service would
expire prior to October 1.
May 9. — All officers and enlisted men whose terms would expire prior
to May 31, inclusive.
May 17. — All organizations of white troops in the Army of the
Potomac whose terms of service would expire prior to September 30,
inclusive.
May 18. — ^All organizations of white troops in Major-General Sher-
man's command whose terms of service would expire prior to Sep-
tember 30, inclusive.
May 29. — ^All light artillery in the Army of the Potomac, Ninth
Army Corps, Army of Gteorgia, and Army of the Tennessee.
May 29. — AH organizations of white troops whose terms of service
would expire prior to September 30, inclusive, in armies and depart-
ments, except Departments of the East, New Mexico, Pacific, and
Northern.
June 2. — ^AU surplus light artillery; that only absolutely required
by the necessities of the service in the respective armies and depart-
ments to be retained.
June 5. — All dismounted cavalry, all infantry in the Northern
Department and Department of the East, and all cavalry in the
Department of the East.
June 16. — ^^l troops in the Department of the Pacific whose terms
of service would expire prior to October 1.
June 17. — ^All enlisted men of the Veteran Reserve Corps who would
have been entitled to their discharge had they remained with their
regiments.
June 28. — ^Eighteen thousand veterans (infantry) of the Army of
the Potomac, 15,000 of the Army of the Tennessee (then consisting
of the remaining regiments of the Army of Georgia and Army of the
Tennessee), and 7,000 of the Middle Military Division.
June 30. — All surplus troops, except in the Dex)artment of the Gulf,
Army of the Tennessee, Provisional Corps Army of the Potomac, and
First Army Corps. Strength of commands for all arms to be reduced
to the minimum necessary to meet the requirements of the service.
July 1. — All remaining veteran regiments of the Army of the Ten-
nessee and Provisional Corps Army of the Potomac (that corps was
the remnant of the Army of the Potomac).
July 6. — ^The remainder of the Army of the Tennessee.
July 7. — The remainder of the Provisional Corps Army of the
Potomac.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 617
July 21. — ^All cavalry in the Department of Virginia except two
regiments, all in the Department of North Carolina except one regi-
ment, and all in the Middle Department except one regiment.
August 1. — ^All white troops, infantry, cavalry, and artillery, in the
Department of Texas, which, in the judgment of Major-General
Sheridan, could be dispensed with.
Au^st 3. — The same order was extended to the Department of
Louisiana.
August 14. — Additional infantry and heavy artillery (white) in
military departments as follows: Virginia, 5,000; North Carolina,
8,000; Washington, 8,000; Mississippi, 2,000; Kentucky, 5,000;
Middle, 6,000.
August 21. — Three thousand additional white troops in the Depart-
ment of Arkansas.
September 8. — All surplus troops in the Department of Washington,
so as to reduce that command to 6,000 officers and men of all arms.
September 8. — All organizations of colored troops which were
enlisted in Northern States.
October 9. — All the remaining forces (white) of the cavalry arm
east of the Mississippi.
October 9. — All troops on the Pacific Coast, as many as x>ofl8ible
immediately; the remainder on the arrival of the last battalion of the
Fourteenth U. S. Infantry.
October 10. — ^AU troops in New Mexico; one regiment immediately,
the remainder on the arrival of certain regular troops.
In addition to the foregoing, and from time to time as the services
of the troops could be dispensed with, sixty-ei|^t regiments, seven
companies, and six battalions were ordered mustered out.
The rapidity with which the work has been executed will be appar-
ent from the fact that to August 7 640,806 troops had been mustered
out; August 22, 719,338; September 14, 741,107; October 15, 785,205;
November 15, 800,963.
The command of Major-General Sherman (Army of the Tennessee
and Army of Georgia) and the Army of the Potomac were first to
complete their musters out entirely. Regiments commenced leaving
General Sherman's command, then numbering, present and absent,
116,183 officers and men, from the rendezvous near Washington on
the 29th of May, and on the 1st of August the last one of the regi-
ments mustered out left Louisville, Ky., to which point the command
(after the musters out therefrom were partly completed) was trans-
ferred, and the armies composing it merged into one, called the Army
of the Tennessee. The work of mustering out the troops was not
continuous, it having been interrupted and delayed by the transfer
of the two armies from this city to Louisville and their subsequent
consolidation.
Regiments commenced leaving the Army of the Potomac (when
numbering, including Ninth Corps, 162,851 officers and men, present
and absent) from the rendezvous near this city on the 29th of May,
and about six weeks thereafter (July 19) the last regiment started for
home. During the interval the work, like that from General Sher-
man's command, was not continuous, it being interrupted and delayed
by the movement of the Sixth Corps from Danville, Va., to Washing-
ton, and the consolidation, by orders of June 28, of the remaining
portion of the army into a provisional corps, numbering, present and
absent, 22,699 officers and men.
618 COBBESPOKDENCB, ETC.
Thus, for the two commands in question, and between the 29th of
May and the 1st of August (two months), 279,034 officers and men,
present and absent, were mustered out and placed en route to their
homes. Including other armies and departments, the number was
increased by August 7 (two months and seven days) to 640,806 officers
and men.
From the foregoing it will be seen that the mass of the forces
discharged were mustered out by September 14, or within two and
a half months from the time the movements of troops homeward com-
menced. The average per month during that time is 296,442.
By reference to the report of the officer in charge of the Bureau for
the Organization of Colored Troops, it will be seen that the increase
in the number of these troops since his last annual report is 49,509,
of which 4,244 were recruit^ in the States in rebellion and credited
to the loyal States under the provisions of the act of July 4, 1864.
The whole number of colored men enlisted into the service of the
United States during the rebellion was 178,975. The largest number
in service was on the 15th of July, 1865, viz, 123,156. The loss dur-
ing the war from all causes except muster out was 68,178. There
have been 33,234 colored troops mustered out. The number remain-
ing in service after existing orders for muster out shall have been
executed will be 85,024. The number of applicants for commissions
in colored troops amounted to 9,019, of which 3,790 were examined.
Of this number 1,472 were rejected and 2,318 received apx)ointments.
The number of soldiers discharged from regiments, £c., of white
troops to accept apx>ointments in organizations of colored troojiB was
1,767. It is ascertained from the reports of inspecting officers that
the morale of the organization is good.
PBOVOST-MARSHAL-GBNERAL.
On the 1st day of November, 1864, the date to which the last
annual report of the Provost-Marshal-Greneral was brought up, the
business of recruiting and the draft under the call of July 18, 1864,
was in progress:
The number called for was 500,000
Bednced by credits on former calls 266,073
Tobeobtained 284,827
Yolnntary enlistments nnder that call:
Volunteers —
White 146,898
Colored . 15,961
Begolars 6,889
Seamen 17,606
Marine Corps 1,874
Total 188,173
Drafted men and substitutes obtained under that call:
Number held to personal service 26,205
Number of substitutes for drafted men 88,503
Total 54,707
Numberof substitutes for enrolled men 39,584
Total mirTr. 84,891
Whole number obtained under the July call 878,468
UNION AUTHOBITIE8. 619
On the 19th of December, 1864, a call was made for 300,000 men.
Voluntary enlistments nnder this call :
Volunteers —
White 180,620
Colored 10,055
Regulars 6,»58
Seamen 9,106
Marine Corps 819
Total 157.058
Drafted men and suhstitutes under that call :
Number held to personal service 12,566
Number of subsututes for drafted men 12, 014
Totol 24,580
Number of substitues for enrolled men 12, 997
Total 37,577
Whole number raised under December call 194,635
The suspension of active military operations occurred while the
business of the draft under this call was in progress, and orders
were issued on the 13th of April, 1865, to discontinue the business of
recruiting and drafting, and on the next day all drafted men who
had not been forwarded to general rendezvous were ordered to be
discharged, and soon after all who had not been forwarded to the
field were discharged by orders through the Adjutant-GreneraL
Aggregate quotas charged against the several States, under all calls
made by the President of the United States, from the 15th day of
April, 1861, to the 14th day of April, 1865, at which time drafting and
recruiting ceased 2,759,049
(The terms of service varying from three months to three years, as
shown in detail by the books of the Provost-Marshal-Generars Office.)
Aggrep^te number of men credited on the several caUs, and put into
service of the United States in the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps,
during the above period 2,656,558
Leaving a deficiency on all calls when the war closed of 102, 496
Which would have been obtained in full if recruiting and drafting
had not been discontinued.*
This number does not embrace the *' emergency men " put into serv-
ice during the summer of 1863 by the States of New York, New
Jersey, and Pennsylvania, nor those furnished by the States of Ohio,
Indiana, and Illinois during the "Morgan raid," amounting in all to
over 120,000 men, who serv^ periods of about two or three weeks.
In estimating the number of troox)s called into service, it has been
the rule of the department to take into account the whole number of
men mustered, without i-egard to the fact that the same persons may
have been previously discharged after having been accepted and
credited on previous calls.
Under the different calls volunteers have been accepted for various
terms of service, viz, three, six, and nine months, and one, two,
and three years, respectively; and a large number of persons
who had served under one call have subsequently enlisted under
another. Thus, a portion of those who enlisted under the call in
April, 1861, for 75,000 three-months' men, again enlisted under the
succeeding call in July following for three years; others re-entered
*In connection with foregoing statement, see revised table. Vol. lY, this series,
p. Id09.
620 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
the service for nine months, or for one or two years, and at the expi-
ration of these periods again re-enlisted for three years, and the entire
"veteran volunteer" force consisted of those who, having served two
years, re-enlisted for three years more.
It will be observed, therefore, that a large x)ortion of the number
counted in filling calls has been furnished, first, by the re-enlistment
of those in service, and second, by those who have re-entered the
service after a discharge from a former enlistment under which they
had been credited; that is, the difl^erent calls were filled by crediting
each accepted enlistment, instead of limiting the credit to the actual
number of persons who entered the service anew; and hence to deter-
mine the number of men actually entering the service for the first
time under the different calls, the number credited should be redaced
in the same ratio that the enlistments of the same persons have been
repeated. The extent of this reduction cannot be calculated at tiiis
time, or even estimated with sufficient accuracy to be usef uL
It follows, therefore, that, on account of a necessary rei>etition of
credits incident to enlistments, the tax upon the military basis of
the country has been less than would appear by considering pimply
the number of men embraced in the different calls for troops or the
number of credits allowed upon these calls.
The amount of commutation money received from November 1,
1864, to November 1, 1865, was:
On account of draft and substitute f and 1817,190.00
On account of sick and wounded soldiers (from non-combatants,
under section 17 of the act of February 24, 1864) 340,967.58
Total 658,117.58
Total amount of "draft and substitute fund ** received under the
act approved March 3, 1868 25,902,029.25
Total amount expended 16,387,135.80
Balance remaining in Treasury to credit of this fund 9, 514, 898. 45
There are just claims still outstanding which have to be met from
this fund.
The regiments of the Veteran Reserve Corps have been performing
garrison duty in Washington and its defensive works; at the various
depots for recruits and drafted men; at the provost-marshals' rendez-
vous; escorting recruits to the field, and more recently performing
garrison duty at the several rendezvous for muster out of the
volunteer forces.
Since the termination of active operations no transfers have been
made to this corps, nor have any officers been appointed.
The amount expended from the appropriation for '^collecting, drill-
ing, and organizing volunteers" from November 1, 1864, to November
1, 1865, was $1,422,281.73.
The balance of this appropriation remaining in the Treasury is
$12,163,386.00, and about $500,000 is still in the hands of the disburs-
ing officers, which is needed to pay outstanding accounts and
expenses incurred in mustering out the volunteer forces of the United
States.
As fast as the exigencies of the service permitted the force employed
has been reduced. The surgeons and commissioners of boards of
enrollment in all the districts, 370 in number, have been discharged.
The different districts have been consolidated, and but thirty-three
provost-marshals are now in service, all of whom will be dischaiged
as soon as their services can be dispensed with.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 621
No appropriation of money will be required for the support of thia
Bureau during the next fiscal year.
The full report of the operations of the Provost-Marahal-Grenerars
Bureau will contain much statistical and other valuable information,
which will be submitted when completed.
PAYMASTER-GENERAL.
The Paymaster-General reports that during the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1865, $7,839,225.47 were paid to the Regular Army, while
1300,738,635.95 were paid to volunteei-s, and that the total disburse-
ments since June 30, 1864, to the date of his report, amount in the
aggregate to $524,054,946.37. Payments amounting to $270,000,000
have been made to about 800,000 mustered-out troops. The highest
number of additional paymasters in service during the fiscal year
was 447; the number now in service is 210. All the troops retained
in service have been paid to June 30, 1865, and many organizations
to August 31, 1865, and to all discharged troops in full to date of
dischiu^e.
The anticipated x>ayments of bounties to soldiers, and three months*
additional pay to officers mustered out, that has fallen due by reason
of muster out, amount to $91,750,000.
The whole sum disbursed by the Pay Department since the com-
mencement of the war, viz, from July 1, 1861, to July 1, 1865, amounts
to $1,029,239,000.
The total losses and defalcations during the same period, if nothing
should be.recovered, amount to the sum of $541,000, and it is believed
that not less than half of this amount will be recovered. Tlie total
expenses of disbursement, including all pay and allowances, commu-
tation of quarters, fuel, and traveling expenses, for four years and
four months, amount to $6,429,600.
Thus it is seen that the costs of disbursement to armies in the field,
and amid all the hazards of unexampled war, and including all losses
and expenses, are less than three-fourths of 1 i>er cent.
COMMISSART-OBNERAL OF SUBSISTENCE.
The subsistence stores required during the year for distribution to
the armies in the field have, as during the earlier years of the war,
been purchased in the principal markets of the Northern States. The
facilities and cost of transportation to the various points where they
were required for issue, the relative prices of the different markets,
and a due regard to the general commercial interests of the country,
have governed the Subsistence Department in apportioning those pur-
chases among the several market centers of the country. As New
Orleans is gradually resuming a healthy commercial condition, a con-
siderable portion of the supplies required for distribution from that
point can be obtained in that market. Although the present general
condition of the Southern States is not such as to afford a large amount
of supplies, still subsistence officers are able in some parts of those
States to enter into contracts for the partial supply of the troops
serving therein.
The principal purchasing officers have exhibited much ability in
the performance of their duties and great fidelity to the interests of
the country. The principal commissaries immediately responsible
for the subsistence of the several armies in the field have discharged
the important and often difficult duties of receiving, protecting, and
522 COBBESPONDENCE, ETC.
distributing the supplies forwarded to them with commendable
efficiency and success. They have also, by great energy, been able to
a considerable extent to subsist the troops upon the resources of the
country in which the armies were operating, or through which they
were passing. It is believed that during the entire war no cami>aign,
contemplate movement, or expedition has failed on account of the
inability of the Subsistence Department to meet its proi>er require-
ments, and that the troops, wherever stationed or oi>erating, have,
with rare exceptions, been supplied with rations in good and whole-
some condition.
The muster out of a large part of the Army, consequent upon the
sudden close of active military oi>erations, unavoidably left on hand
in some of the depots an excessive supply of subsistence stores.
These have been sent to other points where they were required. Sur-
plus and damaged stores will be disposed of by sale. A sufficient
quantity of hard bread and other articles have been kept f i-om earlier
sale with the view of meeting in an economical manner the wants
of those i)eople, white and colored, who by the events of the war have
been reduced to a suffering condition.
Under orders of June 29, 1865, the whisky ration was discontinued,
and the sale of the supply on hand has already taken place at many
points, and vrill soon be completed.
During the past year, as in previous years of the war, a very con-
siderable income has been derived from the sale of the hides, tallow,
and other parts of beef-cattle not issuable as beef to the troops.
Prisoners of war held at thirty-two forts, prison barracks, camps,
and hospitals have been well subsisted, having received a sufficient
portion and variety of the ration to insure health, leaving in the
hands of the several issuing commissaries as "savings" that portion
of the ration not deemed necessary for persons living in entire idle-
ness. The pecuniary value of these "savings" has constituted a
prison fund, available under the instructions of the Commissary-Gen-
eral of Prisoners, for the purchase of articles necessary for the prison
barracks and hospitals, and for meeting other necessary expenses of
the prisons. There has been transferred to the Subsistence Depart-
ment a "savings" ci*editof the amount of $1,507,359.01, and there
remains yet to be transferred an amount not less than $337,766.98,
making a total amount of $1,845,125.99.
Under section 3 of the act of July 4, 1864, 1,470 claims have been
submitted, of which 50 have been appi'oved for payment, and 413
disallowed; 650 are awaiting explanation, and 357 remain to be
examined.
It is proposed to ascertain and exhibit, in a tabular form, the total
quantity of each article of subsistence stores purchased for the use
of the Anny during each year of the war, from 1861 to 1866, inclusive.
Such a statement, it is believed, would prove an interesting addition
to the commeraial statistics of the country.
The officers of the Subsistence Department, regular and volunteer,
have, with but few exceptions, discharged their duties with fidelity
and success.
SURGBON-GBNBRAJL.
The Surgeon-General reports that the receipts from all sources and
available for the expenses of the Medical Department during the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1865, were $20,489,680.47. Disbursements dur-
ing the year, $19,328,499.23, leaving a balance in the Treasuiy on
June 30 of $1,161,181.24.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 523
The ample provision for sick and wounded existing at the date of
the last annual report was increased during the ensuing months until
a maximum of 204 general hospitals, with a capacity of 136,894 beds,
was reached.
Upon the termination of active military movements, immediate
measures were taken to reduce the expenses of the Medical Depart-
ment. Of the 201 general hospitals open on January 1, 1865, 171 have
been discontinued. Three of the sea-going hospital transports have
been discharged; the fourth is now constantly engaged in transfer of
sick and wounded from Southern ports to the general hospitals in New
York Harbor. All of the river hospital boats have been turned over
to the Quartermaster's Department, and but a single hospital train is
retained in the Southwest. The vast amount of medicines and hos-
pital supplies made surplus by the reduction of the Army has been
carefully collected at prominent points and is being disposed of at
public auction, most of the articles bringing their full value, and in
some instances their cost price.
Two hundred and fourteen surgeons and assistant smrgeons of vol-
unteers have been mustered out, and of the 265 hospital chaplains
appointed during the war twenty-nine only are still in commission.
The returns of sick and wounded show that of white troops 1,057,423
cases have been treated in general hospitals alone from 1861 to July
1, 1865, of which the rate of mortality was 8 i)er cent. In nearly all
sections of the country the health of the troops has been fully equal
to that of preceding years, though military movements of unprece-
dented magnitude have been pushed to successful termination, with-
out regard to seasons. An epidemic of yellow fever prevailed at New
Berne, N. C, in the fall of 1864, and the released or exchanged
prisoners arriving at Wilmington, N. C, from rebel prisons suffered
from an epidemic of typhoid fever. With these exceptions no serious
epidemics have appeared, and it is interesting to note that quarantine
regulations, strictly enforced by military authority, have proven dur-
ing the occupation of Southern sea-ports and cities by our troops to be
an absolute protection against the importation of contagious or
infectious diseases. In view of the apprehensions entertained in
regard to the Asiatic cholera, now devastating the shores of the Medi-
terranean, this becomes a significant fact.
In addition to the alphabetical registers of dead, not yet fully com-
pleted, the records of the Medical Department contain 30,000 special
reports of the more important forms of surgical injuries, of diseases,
and operations. These reports, with statistical data, and a patholog-
ical collection numbering 7,630 specimens, furnish a mass of valuable
information, which is being rapidly arranged and tabulated, as a
medical and surgical history of the war, for the publication of the
first volume of which an appropriation will be asked.
In this connection and as illustrating more in detail the importance
of this work, the Army Medical Museum assumes the highest value.
By its array of indisputable facts, supported and enriched by full
reports, it supplies instruction otherwise unattainable, and preserves
for future application the dearly bought experience of four years of
war. Apart from its great usefulness, it is also an honorable record of
the skill and services of those medical oficers whose contributions
constitute its value, and whose incentive to these self-imposed labors
has been the desire to elevate their profession. A small appropria-
tion has been asked to continue and extend this collection.
524 CORBESPONDENCE, ETC.
For reoommendatioii of measuroB tending to the greater efficiency
of the Medical Department, reference is made to the Bpecial report
from the Surgeon-General's Office, which will be submitted to the
appropriate Congressional committees.
QUABTEBMASTEB-QENSRAL
The report of the Quart-ermaster-Gleneral contains a statement of
the oi)erations and expenditures of the department under his control
during the fiscal year ending 30th of June, 1865. The principal move-
ment of troops by the Quartermaster's Department during that time
are described. They have been made promptly and with few accidents,
and are striking illustrations of the improvements in the art of war
which have been developed during the late contest.
The Twenty-third Army Ck>rps, after fighting at Nashville, in the
midst of ice and snow in December, 1864, was, on the conclusion of
the campaign in the West, transferred from the valley of the Tennes-
see to the banks of the Potomac, moving by river and rail down the
Tennessee, up the Ohio, across the snow-covered Alleghanies, a dis-
tance of 1,400 miles, and in the short space of eleven days was
encamped on the banks of the Potomac, then blocked up with the ice
of a most severe winter. Vessels were collected to meet this corps, the
obstacles interposed by the ice were overcome, and early in February
the troops composing it were fighting before Wilmington, on the
coast of North Carolina.
The transfer of the Eleventh and Tvelfth Corps, under General
Hooker, in 1863, from the Potomac to the Tennessee, is the only
parallel to this movement. That was an almost unexampled oper-
ation at the time. General Hooker's command contained 23,000 men,
and was accompanied by its artillery and trains, baggage and animals,
and accomplished the distance from the Rapidan, in Virginia, to
Stevenson, in Alabama, a distance of 1,192 miles, in seven days, cross-
ing the Ohio River twice. The Twenty-third Army Corps moved
15,000 strong.
Other important operations are described, among which are the
supply of the army of Lieutenant-General Grant before Richmond;
of the army of General Sherman at Atlanta, preparatory to his march
to Savannah; of the same army at the depots on the Atlantic, on his
communicating with the coast, first at Savannah and afterward at
Goldsborough, at both of which places depots were established, and
his army re-enforced and equipped with everything necessary to make
successful campaigns.
The transfer of the Twenty-fifth Army Corps, 25,000 strong, in the
month of May, from the James to the coast of Texas, is fully
described, and the extent and cost of the fleet used in this movement
are set forth in f ulL
Transportation was promptly supplied from all parts of the South
to their homes in the North for the immense army which has been
disbajided, and the organization of the department which has made
it x>ossible to meet these demands so promptly is believed to have
been at least as {wrfect as that of any other nation.
The report gives tables of the quantities of the pi-incipal military
supplies, clothing, forage, fuel, horses, mules, and wagons which
have been purchi^d, transported, and used during the fiscal year. It
contains full statements of the vessels which have been in the service
during that time upon the Western rivei*s and upon the ocean and
UNION AUTHORITIES. 626
bays. Many of them have now been discharged from service or
advertised for sale, orders for the reduction of the transi^rt fleet
having been given as soon as hostilities ceased.
The return of the armies from the South, the transi)ortation of the
discharged soldiers to their homes, the transfer of troops to Texas,
the return of refugees expelled from the South by Qeneral Sherman,
and of rebel prisoners released at the termination of the war, have,
however, taxed the resources of the Quartermaster's DejMurtment
heavily during the last spring and summer.
The transport service has been most satisfactorily performed.
Upon the ocean a fleet of over 700 vessels has been constantly
employed, with the reported loss by storm, by collision, and by firSy
of only three; one steamship was destroyed in each of these modes.
The repair of the railroads from Chattanooga to Atlanta by the
military railroad branch of the Quartermaster's Department, under
the charge of Bvt. Brig. Gton. D. C. McCallum, was referred to in the
last annual report. IJi)on the advance of General Sherman from
Atlanta he destroyed the railroad in his rear, blew up all the rail-
road buildings at Atlanta, sent back his surplus stores and all the
railroad machinery which had to that time supplied his armv. The
stores and the railroad stock were safely withdrawn to Nashville, and
after the dispersion of the army of Hood, which had broken l^e
railroad in Georgia and Tennessee in its advance, the Railroad
Construction Corps again took the field and reopened railroad com-
munication with Chattanooga, Atlanta, and Decatur. After the fall
of Macon and Augusta it became necessary, in order to supply the
army of Major-General Wilson, to open railroad commuidcation
between Augusta and Atlanta and Macon. This was successfully
accomplished.
A division of the Construction Corps, fully organized, under the
command of Colonel Wright, with tools and equipments, was
transferred, in December and January, from the Tennessee to Savan-
nah, by way of Baltimore. As General Sherman did not repair the
railroads of Georgia and South Carolina, but marched northward,
lightly equipx>ed, living ux)on the supplies in his wagon trahis, and
by foraging upon the enemy, this division of the Construction Corps
was transferrcKl to Beaufort, N. C, and after its fall to Wilmington,
where it repaired and restocked the railroads from those x>orts to
Goldsborough and to Raleigh. General Sherman's army was thus
quickly provisioned, reclad, reshod, and equipped for a march to the
James.
The surrender of the rebel armies and pacification of the Southern
States have enabled the Quartermaster's Department to return to
their former possessors most of the railroads which have been in mili-
tary possession during the war. The department, in transferring
them to their boards of directors — ^reorganized ux)on a loyal footing —
delivers up the roads and bridges in whatever condition they may be
at the time of the transfer.
The great accumulation of railroad engines and cars upon the Wes-
tern military railroads is being disposed of to the railroads of the
Southwest, which have suffered severely from the oiwrations of both
armies during the war. Under the orders of the Executive this
stock is being delivered to the companies, who are to pay for it
within two years, at a valuation fixed by a board of officers and
experts assembled by the Government,
526 COBBEfiPONDBNCB, BTC.
The leoonstmotioii of these roads and their suooessf ul operation
are of great importance, not only to the districts in which they are
located, but to iSie general commerce and prosperity of the countoy;
and the liberal policy parsued toward them will react favorably upon
the revenue and credit of the Nation.
The agreement made early in the war with the railroad companies
of the loyal States, fixing reduced rates of military transportation,
remains in force, and has been extended to the railroads in the
Southern States since the termination of hostilities.
Full reports are given of the quantities of clothing, camp and gar^
rison equipage furnished to our armies during the past year, and also
during the war. The tables accomiNUiying the Qnartermaster^Gen-
eral's report give information on these points, which shows in a favor-
able light the manufacturing power of the country.
The vast supplies of forage required for the armies have been
promptly furnished and transported to the depots. While moving
through the Southern country &e armies found ample quantities, imd
it was only when lying still in camp that they had any difficulty in
supplying themselves.
During the year over 29,000,000 bushels of grain and 400,000 tons
of hay have been provided by the dei>ots of the Quartermaster's
Department; 336,000 cords of wood and 832,000 tons of coal have also
been supplied by the depots. Troops in the field have supplied them-
selves with fuel from the forests in which they have operated. The
depots of the Quartermaster's Department have, during the war, fur-
nished the Army with 23,000,000 bushels of com, 78,000,000 bushels
of oats, 93,000 bushels of barley, 1,500,000 tons of hay, 20,000 tons of
straw, 550,000 cords of wood, and 1,600,000 tons of coal, all of which
have been purchased, measured, transported, issued, and accounted
for by its officers and agents. At the depot of Wai^bington alone
there have been issued during the year 4,500,000 bushe& of com,
29,000,000 bushels of oats, 490,000 tons of hay, 210,000 cords of wood,
and 392,000 tons of coal.
The supply of horses and mules for the Army has been regular and
sufficient. There were purchased daring the fiscal year 141,632 cav-
aby horses; from September 1, 1864, to 30th of June, 1865, 20,714
artillery horses; and from Ist of July, 1864, to 30th of June, 1865,
58,818 mules. Prices of horses varied during the year from $144 to
$185; of mules, from $170 to $195.
The reduction of the Army has enabled the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment to dispense with large numbers of horses and mules, and to Uie
17th of October the sales of animals are estimated to have produced
$7,000,000.
The teams and animals of the armies have, as during previous fis-
cal years, averaged about one wagon to twenty-four men in the field,
and one horse or mule to every two men.
The burial records of the Quartermaster's Department, which do
not include the names of those who fell in batde and were buried
inunediately on the field by their comrades, show the interment in
cemeteries of 116,148 persons, of whom 98,827 were loyal, 12,596 dis-
loyal, and of whom 95,803 were whites and 20,345 colored persons
The military cemeteries at Washington, Alexandria, Arlington, and
Chattanooga have been carefully tended and decorated.
An officer, with material and men to mark the graves of our breth-
ren who fell victims to rebel barbarityat Anderson ville, was dispatched
from Washington as soon as the country was opened to us, and reports
UNION AUTHORITIES. 527
that he has inolosed the cemetery and marked the mves of 12,912
Boldiers buried therein. Of these the captured recoids of the prison
hospital enabled him to identify 12,461, and their names were recorded
upon headboards, painted white, and planted at the head of their
graves. On 451 graves he was compelled to put the sad inscription,
*' Unknown U. S. soldier.*' The list of these names is in course of
publication. The names of those who have been interred in the mili-
tary cemeteries of the District of Columbia and at Arlington have
already been published and distributed to State authorities and pub-
lic institutions, as well as to newspapera which publish official adver-
tisements, so as to be made accessible to their friends.
The military organization of the operatives and agents of the Quar-
termaster's Department, inferred to in the last annual report, was
kept up until the close of the war. It did good service in the fortifi-
cations at the attack on Washington in July, at the attack on John-
sonville in the fall, and bore a part in the battle of Nashville on the
15th and 16th of December, 1864^ which gave the final blow to the
rebellion in the West. Upon the cessation of hostilities this organiza-
tion was disbanded, its arms restored to the arsenal, and most of its
members have returned to peaceful pursuits.
The employment of colored men in the Quartermaster's Dei)art-
ment, in connection with the trains of the Army, as laborers at depots,
and as pioneers of the troops of the Western army continued to the
close of the war. In all these positions they have done good service
and materially contributed to the final victory which confirmed their
freedom.
The great cost of transx>ortation of supplies across the Western
plains and mountains to the depots and posts of the wilderness, and
for the supply of troops operating against the Indians, is rex>orted,
and the Quartermaster-General calls attention to the importance, in
tiliis view, of the vigorous prosecution of the work of the railroads to
connect the Mississippi Valley with the Pacific Coast, as a military
precaution and a measure of economy, deserving the fostering care of
the Government.
Retrench/ment in the Qttarterrnaster'OeneraTs Bv/reau. — ^The Quar-
termaster-General rex>orts that immediately on the termination of
active hostilities, under orders from the Secretary of War he took
measures to reduce expenditures; to discharge operatives and agents;
to discharge chartered transports, and to sell those belonging to the
United States not needed to bring home troops for muster out; to
reduce the number of horses in reserve at the depot; to stop the pur-
chase of horses and mules, and to sell those belonging to the troops
disbanded; to cease making contracts and purchases of clothing and
equipment; to stop the repair and construction of military railroads; to
return all such railroads to their former owners, and to sell or dispose
of the rolling-stock and other material used thereon.
He rex>ort8 sales of 128,840 horses and mules, for which the sum of
$7,500,000 was received.
Of 5,355 persons employed in the Cavalry Bureau, three-fourths
have been discharged. Those still employed are engaged in receiving,
caring for, and selling the animals turned in by the armies.
The purchase and manufacture of clothing, which during the past
fiscal year had caused an expenditure of between $8,000,000 and
$9,000,000 i)er month, has ceased entirely, and, by compromise with
merchants, contracts for clothing and equipment, amounting to
$4,000,000, have been canceled.
528 COBREBPONDENCEy ETC.
Twenly-five hundred buildings, vacated, have been ordered for sale.
The sales of buildings, wagons, harness, tools, iron, and other like
material have realized thus far $1,000,000.
Over 1,700 miles of military railroad, operated for the department
by 23,700 workmen and agents, at a monthly cost of 11,500,000, have
been restored to their former owners, and the number of persons
employed in completing the accounts, in taking care of and disposing
of the railroad property not yet sold or transferred, has been r^uced
to less than 500, the rest having been discharged.
The rolling-mill at Chattanooga, its product, and the scrap iron there
collected have been sold — ^the mill for 1175,000; the rolled iron for
$200,000, and the old iron for about $100,000.
Eighty-three engines and 1,009 cars have been sold for $1,500,000.
Over 200 locomotives and 2,000 cars have been sold at appraised
values, on credit, to the Southern railroads.
Of 588 steam-boats and other boats employed on the Western rivers
all but eleven have been put out of commission. The sales of many
of those owned by the United States have been effected. These sales
are not yet concluded. They will produce about $1,100,000.
Of the transport fleet upon the ocean on the Ist of January last,
460 steamers and vessels of all kinds have been discharged or laid up
for sale, and many of them have already been sold. The fleet has
been reduced over 100,000 tons, and vessels are daily arriving at home
ports to be discharged or sold. The monthly expenses of the trans-
port fleet have been reduced $1,814,130.
A million of dollars has been received from the sales of vessels
belonging to the department, which will be increased by future sales.
In all, 83,887 persons employed on wages had been discharged from
the service of the Quartermaster's Department at the end of September,
1865, reducing its expenses per month $4,086,098.
The sales of property of all kinds reported and recorded on the
books of the Quartermaster-Generars Office from the 20th of April to
the 8th of November, 1865, amount to $13,357,345.
The cost of forage issued to the armies during the month of March
last is estimated at $3,294,000. In the month of September it is esti-
mated at $1,134,000, a reduction in monthly expenditure of $2,160,000.
The armies on the eastern coast have been supplied with forage pur-
chased before the end of May last. No considerable purchases have
been made in the East since that time. Purchases of forage since
May have been confined to the supply of the troops in Georgia and
upon the Gulf coast in Texas, and upon the Western plains.
The consumption of coal in the month of March last was 90,685
tons, costing $748,151. In September it had been reduced to 25,592
tons, costing $204,736, a reduction of monthly exjienditure of $543,415.
CHIEF ENGINEER.
The report of the Chief Engineer of the Army gives the operations
of the department under his charge and the duties of the officers of
the Corps of Engineers. This corps consisted, on June 30, 1865, of
eighty-five officers, the Military Academy, and five companies of engi-
neer troops. Every member of the corps has been on duty uninter-
ruptedly during the year. At the date of the report twelve officers,
being generals in command of troops, were on detached service, and
others were on staff duty, or detailed for service under the orders of
the Light-House Board and the Department of the Interior, the
ONION AUTHORITIES. 529
remainder being on duty at the Military Academy, on sea-coast
defenses, survey of the lakes, with the engineer battalion, and as
assistants to the Chief Engineer. The particular services rendered
by these oi&cers are recited in the narratives and other statements
aooomiNinying the report, and comprise the professional duties of the
engineer, together with those of the various arms of the service to
which the officers have been assigned. In general, every army and
military exi)edition has had assigned to it officers of this corps. Their
reiK>rte give the plans of attack and defense, as well as the outlines
of the marches by the armies to which they were attached, and
together constitute a comprehensive statement of the last ye^s
operations of the armies.
The sea-coast defenses have progressed in proiK>rtion to the avail-
able means and the number of officers who could be assigned to this
branch of duty. The efforts of the Engineer Department have been
principally directed to constructions for mounting the guns of large
caliber now essential in consequence of corresiK>nding armaments in
iron floating batteries. The permanent forts on the Gulf, since their
repossession by the Government, have been repaired and put in a
defensive condition. The available means of the department will
suffice to accomplish all that is required at these works and at those
of the southern Atlantic coast until plans are matured for modifica-
tions adapting them to the existing sea-coast armaments.
The MilitaiT' Academy has continued to furnish a limited number
of graduates for the subordinate grades of the Army, a number, how-
ever, which has not for years x>ast sufficed to fill the vacancies in the
line and staff occasioned by the casualties of the service. The Chief
Engineer, in view of this fact, recommends an increase of the number
of cadets, and in order to economize in the exx)enses of the institu-
tion, proposes a mode of selecting candidates from nominees for each
vacancy that will, he thinks, with more certainty insure proficiency
in studies and the military art by those aspiring to enter the service.
The survey of f^e Northern lakes has progressed during the year as
heretofore. The repairs and preservation of the harbors on the lakes
and on the Atlantic have been prosecuted to the full extent of the
resources of the department in officers and available funds. Success
in this branch of engineering is attended with greater difficulties than
are met in most others in which science and skill are called upon
to promote the interests of the country. Heretofore the plans of
improvements adopted have been directed to secure immediate results,
and the source of the evil having been left to exercise its influence,
has rendraed constant repetitions of labor and expenditures neces-
sary. The Chief Engineer is now calling upon the officers charged
with works of this character for plans to arrest the cause of constant
obstructions to commerce, and it is hoped that measures may be
devised by which these improvements may be made to endure for a
longer period, if not to become permanent in their nature.
'Hie expenditures of the Engineer Department during the year
amounted to $5,479,420.23.
ORDNANCE BUREAU.
The flscal resources of the Ordnance Bureau for the past year
amounted to $45,783,656.10, and the expenditures to $43,112,531.27,
leaving a balance of $2,671,124.83 to the credit of disbursing officers,
in the Government depositories, on June 30, 1865.
34 B Br— SEBIBS ni. VOL V
530 CORBE8PONDBNCE, ETC.
The estimates for the next year are for objects not confined to a
state of war, but for such as are required to keep up a proper state
of prex>aration, and to reserve the large and valuable munitions of
war now on hand. On the termination of the war measures were
promptly taken to reduce the procurement of supplies and to provide
storage for the munitions returned to the arsenals from the armies
and captured from the enemy. Commodious fireproof workshops are
being erected at Allegheny, Watervliet, and Frankford Arsenals, and
it is contemplated to erect similar shops at Washington Arsenal, for
which there is an appropriation. These shops can be advantageously
used for storage when their entire capacity for manufacturing pur-
poses is not needed.
From the evident importance of arming the permanent fortifications
as fast as they are built, the construction of cannon and carriages for
this purpose, so far as existing appropriations warrant, has not been
intermitted. It is contemplated to increase the cax>acity of manu-
facturing sea-coast carriages in proportion to the readiness of the
forts to receive them, and to discontinue the fabrication of wooden
carriages for field and siege guns in favor of iron carriages, which
experiments have shown are preferable for that service. Cast-iron
smooth-bore cannon, of large caliber, as now made, are found to be
entirely reliable; but not so the heavy rifled cannon, as heretofore
made and tried. The failures on trial of the wrought-iron guns
made by Mr. Horatio Ames indicate that these guns cannot be relied
upon, and that no more of them ought to be made for this depart-
ment. Two experimental cast-iron 8-inch rifle guns have been made
of the model and weight supposed to render them reliable for service.
They are now undergoing extreme proof to test them thoroughly.
The manufacture of arms at the National Armory was reduced at
the conclusion of hostilities as rapidly as could be done with economy,
and at present no new muskets are being made there. With a view
to change the model of small-arms from muzzle-loaders to breech-
loaders, extensive experiments* have been made; but they have not
yet resulted in the selection of a model of such decided excellence as
to render its adoption for the service advisable. It is hoped that
such a model may soon be found. A plan for altering the musket of
the present x>attem into efficient breech-loaders has b^n devised, and
5,000 of them are being so altered for issue to troops for practical
test. There are nearly 1,000,000 goo<l Springfield muskets on hand,
and upward of 500,000 foreign and captured muskets. The latter
will be sold whenever suitable prices can be obtained for them, and
also other ordnance stores of a perishable nature which are in excess
of the wants of the service.
The necessity of providing a suitable depository for gunpowder,
with proper magazincb for its storage and preservation, which was
stated in the last annual report, is again mentioned, and the requisite
legislation is urged.
A partial provision for this object, as far as respects a supply for
the Mississippi Valley, has been made on the military reserve at
Jefferson Barracks.
The Government has not yet acquired a title to the propert}'^ on
Rock Island, taken possession of under the act of July 19, 1864. It
is important that this be done with as little delay as practicable.
The importance of having full possession and control of Kock Island,
including the adjacent islands, and the right of way is stated in the
report of the Chief of Ordnance, and additional legislation therefor,
if necessary, is recommended.
tmiOK AUTHOBITIES. 531
Several of the Southern arsenals have been reoocnpied, and it is
intended to reoccnpy ^em all, except that at Fayetteville, N. C,
which has been destroyed. The necessary measures have been taken
for the preservation of the powder mill at Augusta, and the labora-
tory and unfinished armory at Macon, Ga., which have been captured.
The number of permanent U. S. arsenals and armories is twenty-
eight. The command and supervision of these, together with the
inspection services required at the arsenals, the foundries, the powder
mills, and other private establishments engaged in work for the Gk>v-
emment, furnish constant employment for the whole number of ord-
nance oi&cers (sixty-four) now authorized by law. The proper
discharge of these essential duties requires that that number should
be con^ued as part of the militaiT' x>eace establishment of the
country.
The armies in the field have been amply and well supplied with
arms and other ordnance stores, and the fortifications have had their
armaments kept in order and strengthened and increased by addi-
tional guns of heavy caliber and great efficiency.
THE SIGNAL OOBPS.
On the 1st of November, 1864, the Signal Ck)rps numbered 168 offi-
cers and 1,350 enlisted men, distributed in detachments among the
armies in the field and military departments. All that portion of the
Signal Corps on duty east of th^ Mississippi River has been mustered
out of service, the act of Congress under which the corps was organ-
ized having limited its organi^tion to the duration of the rebelHon.
There now remain nine officers and thirty-seven enlisted men in the
Military Division of the Mississippi and fifteen officers and ninety-
nine enlisted men in the Military Division of the Gulf. These detach-
ments are operating with the troops on the plains in Texas and along
the southwestern boundary.
The expenditures from appropriations for the Signal service
amounted to $8,537.06 during the year ending September 30, 1865.
The balance unexpended amounts to $248,062.
MHJTART TBLBGRAPH.
The telegraph has continued to be a most efficient and important
instrument in military operations. Its officers have shown the same
devotion and fidelity which have signalized their efforts during former
years. There have been constracted during the year 3,246 miles of
military telegraph; 8,323 miles have been in operation during the
year, and at its termination 6, 228 miles were still in use. The expendi-
ture uiK>n the military telegraph during the fiscal year was $1,360,000;
since the beginning of the war, $2,655,500. There have been con-
structed and operated in all during the war about 15,000 miles of
military telegraph. Control has been assumed of the telegraphs of
the late rebellious districts as fast as they fell into our hands, and
arrangements are now made by which the Unes are kept in rejiair by
the stockholders, the United States being at the exjiense only of
purely mHitaiy lines and stations.
MILrrABT PRISONBBS AND PRISONERS OF WAB.
The rejport of the commissioner of exchanges exhibits the exchange
transactions during the war, with statistical tables and other informa-
tion respecting the condition and treatment of prisoners on each side.*
*See Hitchcock to Stanton, Series H, Vol. YIH, p. 799.
532 GOBBBSPONDENCE, ETC.
Frequent inspections of military prisons have been made from time
to time, and all military prisoners have been released except such as
were under sentence or awaiting trial for murder, arson, or other
grave offenses. Clemency has been extended as liberally as was deemed
compatible with public security. AH persons imprisoned for offenses
against the-draft laws have been released, and all deserters from the
volunteer service. Since the surrender of Lee's army the danger to
the national safety from combinations and conspiracies to aid the
rebellion or resist the laws in the States not declared to be insurgent
has x>a8sed away. It is therefore recommended that the proclamation
suspending the writ of habeas corpus in those States be revoked.
The Commissary-Gkneral of Prisoners rei)orts that between the Ist
of January and the 20th of October there were in our custody 98,802
prisoners of war. Of these 1,956 enlisted into the II. S. service,
63,442 were released after the cessation of hostilities, and 33,127 were
delivered in exchange. Besides these, 174,223 prisoners surrendered
in the different rebel armies and were released on parole, viz:
Army of Northern Virffinia, oommanded bv General B. E. Lee 27,805
Army of Temiessee and others, oommandea by (General J. E. Johnston. . 81, 243
(General Jeff. Thompson's army of Missonri 7,^78
Miscellaneous i)aroles, Department of Virginia 9,073
Pan>ledatCnmberland,Md., and other stations 9,877
Paroled bv General HcCook m Alabama and Florida 6,428
Army of the Department of Alabama, Lieut. Qen, R. Taylor ' 43,298
Army of the Trans-Mississippi Departments General E. K. Smith 17, 686
Paroled in the Department of Washington 8,890
Paroled in Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas. 18, 922
Surrendered at Kashville and Chattanooga, Tenn 6,029
Total 174,228
JUDGE- ADVOCATE-GENERAL.
In the Bureau of Military Justice since March 2, 1865, there have
been received, reviewed, and filed 16,591 records of general courts-
martial and military commissions, and 6,123 special reports have been
made as to the regularity of proceedings, the pardon of military
offenders, the remission or commutation of sentences, and ux)on the
numerous miscellaneous subjects and questions referred for the
opinion of the Bureau, including also letters of instruction upon mili-
tary law and practice to judge-advocates, reviewing officers, Ac. By
comx>aring these details with those presented in March last it will be
perceived that the business of this Bureau, especially as an advisory
branch of the War Department, has not yet been diminished or
sensibly affected by the altered condition of public affairs.
The Digest of Opinions of the Judge- Advocate-General, issued by
the Bureau in January last, having come into extensive use through-
out the Army, has proved of considerable advantage to the service in
contributing to establish a uniformity of decision and action in the
administration of military justice. As the present edition of the
work has been very nearly exhausted, it is proposed to prepare during
the coming winter an enlarged edition, containing in connection with
those already published a selection of the official opinions communi-
cated by the Judge- Advocate-General during the present' year.
The chief of the Bureau expresses his satisfaction with the ability
and efficiency with which the officers and clerks connected with it
have performed their several duties, and, in view of the fact that the
business of this branch of the public service will probably not be
UNION AUTHORITIEB. 633
materially diminished for the next twelve months, is of the opinion
that its present organization may well be oontinned by Congress.
freedmen's bureau.
By an act of the last session of Congnress a new bureau in the War
Department was created, called the Bureau of Freedmen, Refugees,
and Abandoned Lands. Its object was to supply the immediate neces-
sities of those whose condition was changed by hostilities and were
either escaping or escaped from slavery to obtain freedom, or were
driven from their homes by the pressure of war or the despotism of
the rebellion. Its aid was designed for the needy of both races, white
and black, and to administer as well aid from the Government and
from charitable individuals and associations. No appropriation was
made to carry this act into effect, but the condition of the people in
the insurgent States required prompt relief. The act of Congress
authorized the assignment of military officers to duty in the Bureau,
and under this provision it was organizeil. Major-General Howard
was assigned to duty as commissioner. Other officera selected by him
were assigned for agents and assistants, and an organized system of
relief has gone into operation. The report of the commissioner, which
has not yet been furnished to the Department, will show the operation
of the Freedmen's Bureau during a period of several months and
afford some means to judge what regulations are required. It is plain
that some such organization is wanted in the insurgent States to
relieve promptly great and pressing need arising from the war, and
social disorganization resulting from the war. ftx)per provision for
the colored population, whose condition has been changed by direct
act of the Federal Government to serve its own purposes in the con-
flict, is a solemn duty. More or less resistance to the performance of
this duly is to be expected while any rebellious or hostile spirit
remains, but the obligation to perform it cannot be evaded or thrust
aside with national honor or safety. A numerous class of white per-
sons who, without fault in themselves, are suffering want occasioned
by the ravages of war have also a just claim for relief. But while
discharging these obligations to needy destitute white persons and
the fre^ colored people the utmost care must be observed to guard
against establishing a national system of pauperism that might foster
a horde of idle officials or dishonest agents, and engender vice, sloth,
and improvidence among a large class of x>ersons. To avoid this evil
and insure strict supervision it is urgently recommended, first, that
all appropriations or money for the Freedmen's Bureau be made in
specific terms distinct from any other purpose; second, that the num-
ber of agents and employ^ and their compensation be fixfd by law;
third, that the duties and iK>wers of the Bureau in respect to persons
and property be defined by law.
By the heads of the respective bureaus of the War Dei)artment and
their staffs the Government has been served with a zeal and fidelity
not surpassed by their brethren in the field. To them the honors and
distinction of an admiring public have not been opened, but in their
respective vocations they have toiled with a devotion, ability, and
success for which they are entitled to national gratitude.
Besides the signal success vouchsafed to our arms, other causes
contributed to overthrow the rebellion. Among the chief of these
may be reckoned:
1. The steadfast adherence of the President to the measure of eman-
534 CORRESPOKDENCE, ETC.
cipating the slaves in the rebel States. Slavery was avowed by the
leaders of the rebellion to be its comer stone. By that system millions
of people, constituting nearly the whole working population of the
South, were employed in producing supplies on the plantation, in the
workshops and manufactories, and wherever labor was required, thus
enabling the white population to fill the rebel armies. The hopes of
freedom, kindled by the emancipation proclamation, paralyzed the
industrial power of the rebellion. Slaves seized their chances to
escape; discontent and distrust were engendered; the hopes of the
slave and the fears of the master, stimulated by the success of the
Federal arms, shook each day more and more the fabric built on
human slavery.
2. The resolute purpose of Congress to maintain the Federal Union
at all hazards, manifested by its legislation, was an efficient cause of
our success. Ample supplies appropriated for the Army and Navy,
revenue laws for supplying the Treasury, careful revision and amend-
ment of the laws for recruiting the Army and enforcing the draft, gave
practical direction to the patriotic purpose of the people to maintain
a national existence that should afford protection and respect by
means of the Federal Union.
3. Patriotic measures adopted by the Governors of loyal States, and
the efficient aid they rendered the War Department in filling up the
ranks of the Army and furnishing succor and relief to the sick and
wounded, largely contributed to the national preservation. Of these
measures one of the most important was the aid tendered by the
Gk>vemors of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Michigan
in the opening of the campaign of 1864.
On the 21st day of April, 1864, Governors Brough, Morton, Yates,
Stone, and Lewis made an offer to the President to the following
effect:
That these States should furnish for the approaching campaign
infantry troops — 30,000 from Ohio, 20,000 from Indiana, the same
number from Illinois, 10,000 from Iowa, and 5,000 from Wisconsin;
the term of service to be 100 days; the whole number to be furnished
within twenty days; the troops to be armed, equipped, and transported
as other troops, but no bounty to be paid, nor any credit on any draft,
and the pending draft to go on until the State quota was filled.
After full consideration and conference with the lieutenant-general
this offer was accepted by President Lincoln. The State of Ohio
organized within four weeks and placed in the field 35,646 officers and
men, being 5,646 troops more than the stipulated quota. Other States,
less able to meet the contingency, contributed with alacrity all that
could be raised.
Although experience had shown that troops raised for a short term
were more expensive and of less value than those raised for a longer
period, these troops did important service in the campaign. They
supplied garrisons and held posts for which experienced troops would
have been required, and these were relieved so as to join the armies
in the field. In several instances the three-months' troops, at their
own entreaty, were sent to the front, and displayed their gallantry in
the hardest battles of the campaign.
4. The result of the Presidential election of 1864 exerted an impor-
tant influence upon the war. Intercepted letters and dispatches
between the rebel leaders showed that their hopes of success rested
greatly upon the Presidential election. If the Union party prevailed
the prosecution of the war until the national authority should be
UNION AUTHORITIES. 535
restored appeared inevitable and the rebel cause desperate. Even
on the battle-field the influence of the election was felt. The over-
whelming voice of the people at the Presidential election encouraged
the heroic daring of our own troops and dismayed those who were
fighting in a hopeless cause.
5. The faith of the people in the national success, as manifested by
their support of the Government credit^ also contributed much t.o the
auspicious result. While thousands upon thousands of brave men
filled the ranks of the Army, millions of money were required for the
Treasury. These were furnished by the people, who advanced their
money on Government securities and freely staked their fortunes for
the national defense.
Looking to the causes that have accomplished the national deliver-
ance, there seems no room henceforth to doubt the stability of the
Federal Union. These causes are permanent, and must always have
an active existence. The majesty of national power has been exhib-
ited in the courage and faith of our citizens, and the ignominy of
rebellion is witnessed by the hopeless end of the great rebellion.
EDWIN M. STANTON,
Secretary of War.
General Orders, ) War Deft., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 165. f Washington, November ^-4, -'<^^^.
order to relieve surplus officers of the veteran reserve
CORPS.
Immediately on receipt of this order all officers of the Veteran
Reserve Corps whose services can be dispensed with will be relieved
and ordered to proceed to their respective places of residence, and
from there report by letter to the Adjutant-General of the Army for
orders.
The names of all officers so relieved will be reported by the several
commanded under whose orders they now are to the Adjutant-
General of the Army.
By command of Lieutenant-General Grant:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjyiant-OenerdL
U. S. MnjTART Railroads, Office of Chief Engineer,
Washington, D. C, November SO, 1866,
General D. 0. McCallum,
Director and Oen. Mam, Mil, Railroads United States,
Washington, D. C:
General: In complianct: with your order I have the honor to make
the following report of operations in the Construction Department,
U. S. Military Railroads:
In my i*eports of November 1, 1864, and May 20, 1866, the narrative
of operations in the Military Division of the Mississippi was carried
up to January 1, 1865, the date of m^^ departure from Nashville to
join Gk^neral Sherman at Savannah, and of those in the Department
of North CaroUua up to May 20, 1865. During my absence Mr. E. L.
536 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Wentz took charge of my departmont in the West as acting chief
engineer until February 10, when he was relieved by your order, and
Mr. L. H. Eicholtz, division engineer, appointed acting chief engineer,
who continued to act in that capacity until my return. As stated in
my last report, all the railroacU damaged by General Hood in his
invasion of Tennessee had been repaired and were in running order
on the 28th of December, except the Nashville and Decatur line.
And although the work was pushed forward with the greatest energy
on both ends of this line, the large amount of bridging to rebuild
delayed its completion until the 12th of February. The following
statement shows the amount of damage done to the tracks and bridges
on the railroads in Tennessee and Alabama during this invasion.
Many buildings were burned and other damage done of which I have
not a complete record:
Htme of road.
Tn»k
dertroyed.
BridflM
KMhTiUeaiid Cbftttonooaa
JTOm.
?
1*
aw
VMhTlllif ami T>iMmtnr ^
7.065
SM
KAtthvill^MMid Northwmtflm ...r. ............
1»SM
ToUl
IH
•lAiiat
aTwo miles md 103 feet.
About this time a force was sent to Enoxville to repair the East
Tennessee and Virginia Railroad, but had scarcely commenced work
at Strawberry Plains when, by General Thomas' order, they were
withdrawn. A Howe truss wagon-road bridge 350 feet long was
built by a portion of the Construction Corps at the turnpike crossing
over Duck River at Columbia. On the 25th of February this country
was visited by a great freshet, which destroyed or injured to a greater
or less extent all the bridges on the Nashville, Decatur and Stevenson
line, all on the Nashville and Northwestern, five on the Chatta-
nooga and Atlanta, and two on the Nashville and Clarksville lines.
This damage was repaired with the usual rapidity, but was scarcely
completed when another freshet on the M of March occurred,
destroying nearly all this work and doing some additional damage.
Again the construction force was distributed on the various lines,
and the most important one, the Nashville and Chattanooga line, was
put in running order in one week's time. The repairs to all these lines
were completed on the 28th of March. In consequence of the destruc-
tion of the Red River bridge by this freshet, the Nashville and Clarks-
ville line was abandoned beyond Springfield. On the 12th of March
General Thomas ordered the East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad
opened from Strawberry Plains to Bull's Gap and "put in condition
to sustain as heavy a traffic as was done on the Chattanooga and
Atlanta line during the summer of 1864." A large force was at
once sent to this work, and commenced operations at Strawberry
Plains on the 14th of the month, and reached New Market on the
18th, and Bull's Gap on the 25th. Orders were then received to con-
tinue the work and open the road to Carter's Station, twenty miles
from Bristol. This i>oint was reached on the 29th of April. Owing
to the fact that at the time this road was destroyed or damaged the
rails were burned and bent in the track, the repairing was necessa-
rily slow and difficult. And here I will take occasion to remark, as
UNION AUTHORITIES. 537
the lesnlt of four years' ezperienoe in repairing railroads damaged
during this war, that the most effectual plan of retarding rapid recon-
struction of track is not to tear it up, as has so frequently been done
by our own forces as well as by the enemy, but to place fence rails,
boards, or any combustible material on the track at intervals and fire
it, so as to heat the iron and bum off the ends of the cross-ties. The
expansion of the rails by heat when spiked down in line bends them
into such shapes that they cannot be straightened and used again, and
they, together with the damaged ties, have all to be taken up, the road
bed cleiu^d before new ties can be laid down, thus imposing ux>on the
construction force a large amount of labor which is saved to them
when the plan of taking up the track is adopted.
The following is a summary of the work done on the East Tennessee
and Yirginia Railroad:
Eighty-seven miles of track surfaced and repaired; 12^ miles of
track laid; 4,424 feet (linear) bridges built; 20,000 cross-ties cut and
used; 57,000 feet (linear) timber hewn and used in bridges; 8 water-
tanks built. A large amount of work was done in and around Chat-
tanooga. The rolling-mill, with all necessary buildings belonging
thereto, was completed, and a track with sidings laid, connecting it
with the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad. Additions were made
to the machine-shops in the yard, and a number of new offices and
buildings for quarters have been erected. About 5,000 feet of main
pipe, six inches diameter, was laid to supply the shops and locomotives
with water from the works on Cameron Hill, erected by Colonel Mer-
rill's engineer regiment. These works furnished an abundance of
water for about two or three weeks, and then, owing to some defect
in their construction, they had to be stopped, and were not again in
operation during the time we were in possession of the railroads cen-
tering at Chattanooga. Accompanying this report is a map* of
Chattanooga, drawn by Mr. John F. Burgin, division engineer, upon
which is laid down all the tracks and buildings erected by the Con-
struction Corps at that place. I also transmit with the report a list
of the buildings, the dimensions of each, amounting in all to 124,
and the total amount of lumber consumed in their construction, f
Total number of buildings erected, 124; amount of lumber consumed
in their erection, 3,000,000 feet B. M. ; number of shingles consumed
in their erection, 1,283,000. One of the most important buildings
which we erected at Chattanooga is the rolling-milL Under date of
July 31 Mr. Eicholtz furnished you a statement of its cost, amount-
ing to $290,329.51. This sum includes the cost of labor and of mate-
rials manufactured by the Construction Corps. The machinery and
transportation of same amounted to $120,000, and in my opinion this
is all that the mill did actually cost the Government, for the labor
exx)ended on it was done from time to time, when the corps was not
required for the more important work of rebuilding and maintaining
the various lines of railway in the military division. We had to keep
a force on hand sufficiently large for every emergency, for any line in
use might be seriously damaged at any moment, and additional lines
were continually being opened up as the general commanding required
them; but there were times when the whole force was not required for
this kind of work, and then, and only then, were they employed on
the rolling-mill. The mill went into operation about the last of
March, and had manufactured up to July 31 2,136 tons; 421 tons
issued, 1,715 tons remaining on hand July 31, 1865. The mill has not
• Not f oxmd t Omitted.
538
COSRE8PONDENCE, ETC.
been worked to its full capacity. Mr. T. W. Yardley, the efficient
superintendent, estimates that it is capable of turning out fifty tons
per day. As it is, the mill has more than paid for itself; but had the
war continued until this time, and our railroad operations in the
Southwest been carried on on the same extensive scale that they had
been for the last year, it would have been invaluable.
The large amount of damaged rails on the lines centering at Chat-
tanooga would have furnished an abundance of material for the mill,
which could have supplied all the rails required, thus saving the first
cost and transportation of new iron, with the additional advantage of
having it on the spot where it was wanted. On the 6th of May orders
were received from your office to reduce the Construction Corps "to
the lowest possible limit." It was at once reduced to 1,200 men, but
a further reduction was arrested by General Thomas' order to rebuild
the Chattanooga and Atlanta Railroad. This work was commenced
on the 10th of May and completed through to Atlanta on the 4th of
July. The road had been badly damaged by General Sherman's army
before they started for Savannah. The three important bridges over
the Oostenaula, the Etowah, and the Chattahoochee Rivers, besides
many others of less importance, were all burned; many miles of track
were torn up and the rails and ties burned and rendered unfit for
relaying; culverts under high embankments were blown up; buildings
and water-tanks burned, and, in fact, it was a complete destruction of
the railroad from the Etowah to Atlanta. But between the Etowah and
Resaca the damage done was not so great, being confined to the
destruction of all the bridges and water stations and about one or two
miles of track. Between Resaca and Dalton the track had been taken
up by the Construction Corps, as stated in my report of May 20. At
Marietta our force was met by a force working under the orders of
General Winslow, who, by order of Major-General Wilson, had
patched up the track from Atlanta to that place and built the bridges
over the Chattahoochee River and at the big embankment near Yin-
ing's. As much of this work had been done by unskilled laborers
who had no chairs and an insufficiency of spikes, it became necessary
for our force to relay a good deal of the track. Below is a tabular
statement of the work done on this line:
By whom oonstnietod.
OoDstmotloii Corpt. .
0«n«nl WUaon't nm
Totol.
ss
MiUs.
M
I
17
««*
Linearft.
1.125
9,068
42,600
87.600
80,000
i
Ltmmr/L
18. MO
1,800
16,0
The cost of General Wilson's work, in addition to the labor of
troops, as per settlement of Greneral Winslow with Grant A Co., and
approved by General Wilson, is as follows: Seven hundred and
twenty-five feet bridging over Chattahoochee River, at $11 per foot,
$7,965; amount due for track la^dng as per check-roll, $7,167; amount
for work done at culvert near Vining's, $528; total, $16,670.
For the amount of work done this bill is quite reasonable and
should be paid. At Atlanta the Construction Corps laid about three
miles of sidings, and built a large freight platform 400 by 30 feet,
with a roof over part of it. Upon the completion of the road to
UNION AX7THORITIE8.
639
Atlanta and after putting the track in thorough condition a fourth
reduction of the corps was made. On the 15th of Auffust it numbered
but 200 men, and by the Ist of October it was entirely disbanded. I
have retained a few engineers and derks, whose assistance is neces-
sary in making up the final reports and closing up the Construction
Department, U. S. Military Railroads. The following table shows the
number of men employed and the amount of the i>ay-roUs for each
month since my report of NoVlomber 1, 1864:
Month.
NinBhw
ABi«iutof
ofnMi.
pAj-rolb.
%m
tm.»i.»
t.t54
112, 876. 66
S,88»
lKm.S7
s.ni
1461 6n. 11
%m
107*4461 a
xm
161,784.61
S.447
14i,176L01
U»!
U7,666.91
1,14]
78.86L0e
406
80^670.16
861
6.687.01
«,6«7
1,678,416.76
S.1M
148,067.86
VoramlMr
nMMmlwr ..«•••.•>>..•
Jtamtry
FebRUST
Hmli.:.
April
,^:::::::::::::::::::
Jiilj
^gnst
ToUl
Hontbly mttngt
Exhibit B, accompanying this report, is a tabular statement of the
amount of lumber and shingles cut each month at the saw-mills ox>er-
ated by tiie Construction Corps. * Thw were five in number, and were
located at Loudon, Lenoir, Calhoun, Chickamauga, and Chattanooga.
The total amoont of Imnber cut was Fe6t,B. M.. 5,688,466
IsBiied to transportatiaii departmflnt do 647,448
l88iied to other parties do — 147,114
Tnnied over to Captain Hoiddiui ...do 460,488
1,145,046
Oonsmned by CoiiBtniotion Corpe do 4,488,411
Total do.... 6,698,466
The total anurant of sbinglee cat was 1,647,865
Inaed to transportation department 161,860
Issned to other parties 68,100
Tnmed over to Captshi HopUns 881,800
Gonsomed by Constmotian Corps 1,116,106
Total 1,647,866
Before closing this part of my report I must bear full testimony to
the successful management of the affairs in this department during
my absence by L. H. Eicholtz, esq., acting chief engineer, and for the
minor details of ox>erations I resi>ectf uUy refer you to his reports,
copies of which are on file in your ofSLoe.
NOBTH CABOIJNA.
As a full report of operations in this department was made to you
on the 20th of May last, it will only be neoessaiy for me to add to it
•Omitted.
540
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
for the purposes of this Tex>o^ a brief statement of what was done
from that date up to the Ist of July, and to make some slight altera-
tions in it which I find necessary. The lines from Morehead City to
Raleigh and from Wilmington to Qoldsborongh remained in posses-
sion of the Government and continued to be operated by our depart-
ment. The reduction of the force on these roads was graduaUy
continued and expenses reduced in every way possible. Whenever
practicable colored laborers (who could be obtained for $15 to $20 per
month) were substituted for the more expensive white labor, which
in the first place we were compelled to bring from the North, and all
men were now employed by the month instead of by the day, as had
been necessary during the war, and the allowance of extra time was
ordered to be discontinued. On the 6th of July I was relieved of
the charge' of the Department of North Carolina, but it was not
until the 17th that my successor was prepared to take hold of the
roads. When transferred to him the roadway was in fine condition,
the bridges, water stations, and all other structures in complete order;
a large supply of wood, lumber, cross-ties, saw logs, ^c, on hand;
the rolling-stock in good repair, and, in short, eveiything in such
shax>e that the roads could be operated with but small comparative out-
lay for some months to come. At the time I was relieved the following
list of supplies were reported on hand in his department by the tim-
ber inspector: Seven thousand six hundred and fifty-five cords wood,
11,400 cross-ties, 2,826 pUes, 689 pieces hewn timber, 6,500 linear feet
saw logs. From the date of my last report until relieved the follow-
ing amount of materials of the kind named were used in the main-
tenance of my department:
KindofmirtwriAl.
9 '
ll
1|
fli
^
Iron nils ........t*».*..«..»....»..ffT--
tons..
lot
W
900
48
1,7M
2,600
^1S
142
, nnmhAF.
20O
a-|^^_ kiiini
no
IS, 600
3.200
24
248
cjoM-ties
,- ,..,»...,,,.,--,. -nniDber- ,
15.259
TIaww thnliAr
li nMur fwt . .
5,800
fmt.B.lC..
10,100
WAiUaoMlanikfM
-- knm..
44
The following table shows the movement of loaded cars over both
roads from the 1st of May to the 17th of July, 1865:
FOBWABDED.
From-
To-
NuDber.
MimhfMHl Citj
Th«fh>iit
1.42T
225
Do ...... r.
New Berne
TStw B6ni6
The trout
S2S
Do
Mor«head City.
Goldtborongli .
Ml
WOmfnttoD
547
Total
t,«80
UNION AUTH0BITIE8.
641
Do
NewBerme
Do
Wflmlagton....
TMal.
Ttaoflront
KewBerno
Tb« front
MoTOhMd City .
Ooldtfbaroach ..
Ifnnibor.
271
161
6M
SS5
1,886
BXCAPITULATIOV.
▲ttbelhmt l,74T
At New Berne 1.006
AtlCoraheadCity 888
AtOoldaborongh 547
▲tWUBlngton 188
Totril 4,416
The following is a statement of the number, description, condition,
and initials of all cars and engines belonging to the Government or in
use on the military railroads in North Carolina:
1
OondltioB.
Inttiale.
ll
Pn^mmgqf .n^fii ...•..,....•■...
Unwwitip flwif . .
U.S.H.B.B.
3
do"' ....... ...••.••*••...
.... do
W.eodW.B.B.
t
do
do
B.a]idO.B.B.
3
do
do ........•••••
N.aB.B.
7
do
do
A.eod2r.C.B.B.
1,
Bad order
N.O.B.B.
1 '
Riiirffeinv-OAr
Baiininff order
A. and N. C. B. B.
1
. 1!*!^.:..:::::..:::.::::::.:::
BedonMr.
W.and W.B.B.
1
Mailcer
Bannioff order. ....................
A. end K. C. B. B.
1
do
Bed order
K. C. B. B.
16
Box-oare »...
U.8 M.&&
3
do
Bed Older
Do.
10
do
do
B.endQ.B.B
H
do
Do.
8
do
Bed order
W.and W.B.B.
3
do
.f^^dv.!.:.:::...::;:.:::. .:::.:..;
PeterabargB.B.
8.andBB.B.
?
do
do
•
... do
... do
N. C. B. B.
7
... do
Bnnninc order. ....................
Do.
7
do
Bedoider
M.aB.B.
1
do
... do
Vlr. Cent. B. B.
1
do
do
donB.B:
U. & M. B. B.
SI
Henk-oera ....•••.«..«■•.•«■■■....
Bosninfforder.... •■>..••■• ■••.....
188
Flftt-CtfB
do
Do.
1
do
Bedorder
Do.
4
do
do
8.andB.B.B.
\
do
do
C.8.A.
9
do
do
W.«idW.B.B.
11
do
do
B and G. B B
1
do
do
Petersburg BB
K. C. B. B.
9
do
do
Total nonber of oare, 871.
BBCAPITULATIOK.
Paeetengerssan ^ 16
Mall-oan 8
Baggage-cars 8
Boz-oara 67
Baek-ears 81
Flat-can 164
Total "in
542
OOBBESPONDENCE, ETC.
Initials.
Name.
Bnilder.
Condition.
BomarkB.
XJ.a.l£.R.B.
Blue Bird
Baldwin....
Good order
do
XJnlon
do
YnlKMU) , . . . ,
Governor Kye
Reindeer
Korrls
Needs repairs
Being repaired....
GooJorder.
do
do
Seoratary
Taunton Looomotlve Works
do
Orape 8&ot
Chief
do
do
goont
Jersey City Looomotive
Works.
Smith A Jackson
Needs repairs
Good order
do
Uon
do
Colonel Webeter
Anoient
Works.
Norris
Needs repairs
do
R AO.B.B..
Halifax
do
CaBtoied.
Do.
Baleiffh
do
W.AW.B.R..
WilmlnKton
Pereeveranoe
ICanohester LooomotiTO
Works.
Baldwin
Good order
Beinc repaired
GoocTorder
Badordi^r
Do.
Do.
Orange --
Manchester LooomotiTo
Works.
do
Do.
Da
General BohoAeld a...
President
Baldwin
Do.
Norris
Do.
Ijantb ft. ..■■.. ..r.....
do
Dol
JobTeny
Hinkley
Da
BtoDewali
Norris.
do
Da
Bmnswiok . ..
do
do
Da
North Carolina
Tornado »
(No ifimff,
Baldwin
do
Da
Anderson
do
Da
Works.
do
Da
Total nnmber of engines, 28.
•Bebnilt at Wilmington shop by U. 8. Military Railroads.
The total cost of labor is shown in the following statement. Although
we did not arrive in North Carolina nntil the 5th of February, still I
have included the January rolls in this statement because we left
Nashville about the 1st of January, and the time consumed in reaching
our destination is, I think, properly chargeable to this department:
Month.
Department.
Construe*
tionand
main-
tenance.
Machine.
Transpor-
tation.
Qnarter*
TMal.
berof
January..
February.
Maroh....
April
»y
June
Total....
Average.
$92,083.01
128,377.00
101, 131. 11
176,433.86
06,740.87
80,144.68
04.700.60
8,568.86
17,336.07
27.607.21
14,440.02
15,706.20
$5,023.00
5.072.56
15. 116. 08
14,582.48
31,683.37
26, 152. 66
11,886.00
2,100.00
2,272.88
2,232.60
2,050.63
0101,006.70
144,764.10
225,783.10
220.086.38
144,007.66
04,152.76
031,679.75 I
155,279.06 I
1,344
1145
1830
1338
1387
1.437
14.480
1413
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. W. WRIGHT,
Chief Engineer U. 8. MUita/ry RaUroads,
UNION AUTHORITIES. 643
Wab Dkpt., Provost-Marshai.-Gbnbiiai4'6 Office,
Veteran Reserve Corps Bureau,
Washingion, D, C, November 30^ 1866,
Brig. Gen. James B. Fry,
Provost-Marshal' General :
General: I have the honor to submit the following reix>rt of the
operations of this Bureau from its organization up to September 30,
1865. In preparing it the principle has been kept in view that a his-
tory of the Bureau, oonceived with regard to its most imix>rtant
relations, becomes a history of that branch of the Army of which it
has been the official center.
Whether the Veteran Reserve Corps has been of service to the
country, what has been the method of its organization, what were the
errors, and what the merits of that method are the main points that I
have attempted to elucidate.
NECESSITY OF THE CORPS.
The Invalid Corps, subsequently styled the Veteran Reserve Corps,
sprang from a national necessity. So severe was the draft of the
war on the able-bodied manhood of the American people that an
intelligent economy of the public forces demanaed that some i)ortion
of the vast number of men who are unfit for field service should be
utilized for military purposes.
To conscript or enlist infirm citizens would have been cruelty and
folly, except under the extremest pressure of necessity. But to keep
in service experienced soldiers who were simply disabled for the
march; to relieve with them more than' their own number of able-
bodied men, who could thus be sent from the rear to the front; to
provide the Government with a reliable military police, urgently
needed in a time of raids, riots, and treasonable, or at least injudi-
cious murmurings; to constitute a garrison force admirable for its
unity of organization and purpose, and all without the expense of
recruiting or the severity of conscription, was a labor of mercy and
wisdom.
INTRODUCTORY MEASURES.
The first step in the direction of this result was taken within a year
of the commencement of the war. On the 7th of April, 1862, the War
Department authorized the chief medical officer in each city to employ
as nurses, cooks, and hospital attendants any convalescent wounded
or feeble men who could perform such duties, instead of giving them
a discharge. In this, however, there was no germ of organization, but
rather the contrary; the invalids thus occupied were useful indeed,
but they ceased to be soldiers in fact and in spirit; and in too many
instances they continued to be mere hangers-on of hospitals long
after they were able to resume the musket. Not until nearly a year
later did the War Department institute a measure which distinctly
pointed to the idea of an Invalid or Veteran Reserve Corps. In Gen-
eral Orders, No. 69, Adjutant-Generars Office, March 20, 1863, it was
directed that the feeble and wounded men in hospitals who were unfit
for field duty, but still not entirely disabled, should be organized into
detachments under the charge of officers acting as military command-
ers. From these invalid detachments were detailed provost, hospital,
and other guards, clerks, nurses, cooks, and other extra-duty men.
For the first time in the war strictly military authority and system
544 COBRBSPONDENCEy ETC.
were directed to the atUization of disabled soldiers. Aooordingly the
invalid detachments were serviceable in their limited sphere of action.
They were, however, temporary in their natnre, the men were mustered
and paid on their detachment rolls, but were not dropped from the
rolls of their original companies; and on becoming fit for the field
they were returned to their colors.
As before, the hospitals continued to discharge thousands of sol-
diers whose disabilities merely unfitted them for the march and
bivouac, while leaving them entirely competent to act as garrison
troops and provost-i)olice. That branch of the Army which should
call into military use the large class of semi-healthy men was yet to
be devised.
AUTHORIZATION OP AN INVAUD COBPS.
The final step in this progress, the result of severe martial experi-
ence and urgent national need, was taken at the suggestion of the
P^vost-Marshal-General and, with the prompt and cordial approval
of the Secretary of War, on the 28th of April, 1863, was issued Gen-
eral Order 105, Adjutant-General's Office, opening with the sentence:
"The organization of an Invalid Corps is hereby authorized.'' The
order proceeds to direct that it shall consist of companies, and, if
thereafter thought Inst, of battalions, and then follow stringent pro-
visions intended to keep it within its proper limits and render it a
Corps of Honor. Three sources of supply are indicated — first, men
in the field who had been disabled by wounds or by disease contracted
in the line of duty; second, men absent from their colors in hospitals
or convalescent camps, or otherwise under the control of medical offi-
cers; third, men who had- been discharged for injuries received
through honorable service. Officers as well as soldiers might be col-
lected from these three classes, and from these alone.
The fact of partial disability must be established in all cases by
medical certificates, granted only after personal examination. Meri-
torious character in regard to intelligence, industry, sobriety, and
attention to duty must be vouched for by military superiors.
In the case of officers who had left the service, applications to enter
the corps must be made through the acting assistant provost-marshal-
general of the State in which the candidate resided, fortified by medi-
cal certificates of partial disability incurred in service, by evidence
of honorable discharge, and by recommendations from former regi-
mental, brigade, and division commanders. To insure rapid recruit-
ment commandants of regiments throughout the Army were directed
to make out rolls of their men and officers who were unfitted for field
service and forward them, certified by their own names and those of
the examining surgeons, to the Provost^Marshal-General, while medi-
cal insi)ectors, surgeons in charge of hospitals, military commanders,
and all others having power to grant discharges were forbidden to
release from service any man under their control who might be suit-
able for the Invalid Corps. Finally, the Provost-Marsbal-Gteneral
was charged with the execution of the order, and the troops organized
according to its provisions were placed under his command.
Fvrsi official year.
BSTABUSHHENT AND NATURE OF THIS BUREAU.
Col. Richard H. Rush, of the Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry, subse-
quently colonel of the First Regiment Veteran Reserve Corps, was the
first officer assigned to duty by the Provost-Marshal-General as chief
UNION AUTHORITIES. 645
of this Bnrean. Appointed May 23, 1863, he held the position until
November 9 of the same year. From his accession until his official
report, dated October 31, 1863, is the first of the three divisions of time
into which this history naturally divides itself. It is hardly necessary
to explain that toward the Provost-Marshal-General the chief of the
Bureau has always stood in the relation of an adjutant toward his
commanding officer, deriving from him all his authority and issuing
orders only in his name. He has presided over the multifarious minor
details of the organization of the corps, but only as an assistant or
adjutant. He has issued special orders and occasionally letters of
instruction, but always by direction of the Provost-Marshal-G^eral.
General instructions and directions have usually been promulgated
over the X)erBonfd signature of the P^vost-Marshal-General under the
title of circulars. General orders, strictly so named, have in all cases
proceeded from the Adjutant-General of the Army, although usuaUy,
if not always, suggested by the P^vost-Marshal-Gtoneral. Never-
theless, the labors and resi)onsibilities of the position of chief of t^e
Bureau were sufficient to occupy closely a man of activity and intel-
ligence. Colonel Rush commenced operations with four clerks, but
by the end of six months this force had increased to four commissioned
officers and six clerks, and the duty performed was so far from light
that it demanded night work on an average of five nights in a week.
A large proportion of this drudgery arose from the fact that at first
all the descriptive lists and other papers relating to the transferred
men x>afi8^ through the office. At a later period this burdensome
centralization was remedied.
BBCBUinNO.
Everyproper means was used to fill up the corps as rapidly as po^
sible. In a circular issued May 22, 1863, the Provost-Marshal-G^neral
called the attention of officers who had been honorably discharged for
wounds and disabilities to the nature of the organization. He directed
that the acting assistant provost-marshal-general of each State should
at once open a recruiting station for the corps; that he should attach
to it a camp of rendezvous provided with the necessary quarters and
subsistence for recmits, and that he should send in estimates of the
stores needed for a fixed number of companies. One hundred and
sixty-one companies were allotted to the loyal States and the District
of Columbia in a ratio graduated according to x)opulation and other
probabilities of enlistment. They were to be organized, uniformed^
equipped, and armed at the camp of rendezvous.
In his cai>acity of superintendent of recruiting the acting assistant
provost-marshal-general of the State was held resi)onsible that the
depots should be kept supplied with material for this purpose. A dis-
charged soldier wishing to enlist went before an enrolbnent board,
and, if judged a proper subject for the corps, received a certificate to
that effect. On this document any district provost-marshal would
furnish him transportation to the nearest superintendent of recruit-
ing, who, after satisfying himself that the applicant was of meritorious
clmracter, enlisted him.
In case of rejection he was entitled to a ticket of transportation to
his home. For a time commandants of companies were emix>wered
to muster in desirable men who presented tiiemselves with proper
35 B Bp-sebies m, vol v
546 COBBE8PONDENCE, ETC.
certificates from an enrollment board. Discharged soldiers of over
forty-five years of age, whether they had left the service during the
war or previous to it, might be accepted. Enlistments were for three
years unless sooner discharged; neither officers nor soldiers might be
allowed bounty or premium; they were to be paid like U. S. infantry,
except the bounty for re-enlistment.
The Board of Enrollment decided whether the recruits were suitable
for the First, or Second, or Third Battalions. Those who were able to
bear a musket and do garrison duty were recommended for the First,
those who had lost an arm or hand, or who were otherwise so severely
injured as to be fit only for hospital guards and attendants, for ^e
Second, while the severest and most hopeless cases of disability were
assigned to the Third. In Circular No. 18, June 6, 1863, the Provost-
Marshal-G^neral indicated his desire that the first class should equal
in number the other two combined. In fact, there never was a Third
Battalion; the individuals assigned to it were put in the companies of
the Se<x)nd by General Orders, No. 212, Ad jutant-Generars Office, July
9, 1863; and the number of men in the corps bearing muskets has
alwajrs doubled that of those fit merely for hospital and clerical duty.
During a period of about a year, indeed, the proportion was 21,000 to
7,000.
Commanders of camjis and of recruiting stations were of two classes.
They might be permanently disabled officers who had been appointed
to commissions in the corps by the Secretary of War, or they might
be invaMd officers of volunteer regiments in the field, temi>oranly
assigned to this duty. These last were permitted to transfer their
services to the corps on proper proof of physical disability, good mili-
tary history, and meritorious character, and they were to be consid-
ered mustered in and were to draw pay from the date of acceptance
of appointment or commission. Each commander of a recruiting sta-
tion sent monthly reports to the superintendent and tri-monthly ones
to the Provost-Marshal-General. In August, 1863, this system was
^scontinued; the recruiting parties were ordered to report to the
superintendents of the several States in which they were stationed, and
they were assigned by them to companies already formed or forming
in the camp of rendezvous. Henceforward the recruiting of the corps
was managed by the ordinary machinery of the Provost-Marahal-
General's Bureau, except that each superintendent was allowed two
invalid officers to aid him in this extra labor.* The enlisted men of
the companies were subsisted in the usual^manner of recruits in the
U. S. Army. If ix>8sible, rations were drawn from the nearest issuing
commissary; otherwise* the acting assistant commissary purchased
supplies. It was ordered that every independent command of the
Invalid Corps should have one officer detailed as acting assistant com-
missary of subsistence and acting assistant quartermaster. Requisi-
tions were to be approved by the senior officer of the post. All the
costs of recruiting, together with the legal miscellaneous exi)enses of
the camps, such as stationery, office furniture, d;c., were to be paid
on the usual vouchers by the disbursing officer of the Provost-MarSial-
General's Bureau. While recruiting a company bore a temporary
designation, as, for instance, " First Company, First Battalion, organ-
ized at Convalescent Camp, Alexandria, Va.," but after the muster
and descriptive rolls had reached Washington a permanent number
was assigned to the organization and no other thenceforward used.
UNION AUTHOBITIE& 547
TRANSFERS FROM THE FIEU>.
The accession of men from the field was regulated with equal care.
Commandants of regiments and batteries who had made out rolls of
men and officers suitable for the Invalid Corps were directed to for-
ward them each to his own corps commander. It was his duty to
transmit them, with his remarks, to the Provost-Marshal-General;
then to issue orders transferring the enrolled individuals from their
present organizations to the Invalid Corps; lastly, to send them to a
rendezvous indicated by the Adjutant-General in the department
where his command was then serving. He might forward their arms
and equipments with them, or not, at his option. A subsequent order
directed that the rolls above mentioned, as well as those furnished
by chiefs of hospitals, should state the nature of the transferred man's
disability, and whether he was fitted for the First or Second Battalion.
It was soon found that unsuitable officers were sometimes nomi-
nated for the organization by corps commanders. Naturally and
justly anxious to keep every worthy man in field service, they were
apt to decide that any one would do for an invalid corps who had
incurred the necessary amount of physical disability, no matter what
might be his character as a man or his history as a soldier. It seemed
to be considered a proper receptacle for persons who were useless or
noxious at the front, but whose offenses were still not flagrant enough
to warrant dismissal from the service. In most instances this was
probably not so much the error of the chiefs of corps as of other sub-
ordinate officers, especially the heads of regiments.
It was decided by the War Department to rescind so much of Gen-
eral Orders, No. 173, as authorized corps commanders to transfer com-
missions to the Invalid Corps, and to direct that every one desiring a
position in it should make written application therefor to the Provost-
Marshal-Gteneral. His request must be backed by a surgeon's certifi-
cate of x)A]^ial disability, by recommendations from at least three
former commanders of rank, and by his full military history. Officers
already transferred, but who had not yet received their appointments
from the Secretary of War, were to make similar applications.
TRANSFERS FROM HOSPITALS.
The largest accessions were derived, as was natural, from the hos-
pitals. On the 11th of June, 1863, the invalid detachments heretofore
mentioned were dissolved and their members, whether commissioned
or enlisted, turned over to the corps, provided they possessed the
proper moral and physical qualifications. In all general hospitals or
convalescent camps rolls of transfer were made out after each regular
muster. Not only the wounded and the disabled by disease, but men
of over forty-five and under eighteen were held to be proper subjects
of action. Unquestionably the most efficient single means of bring-
ing men into the corps was the organization of examining boards to
visit hospitals and decide upon the disposition of the patients. The
inspections were conducted in accordance with the provisions of
General Orders, No. 130, Adjutant-General's Office, May 15, 1863. It
contains two lists of physical infirmities, the first disqualifying men
for active service, but not for the Invalid Corps; the second disquali-
fying for the Invalid Corps and qualifying for a discharge. A
revised list was published by the same authority in General Orders,
No. 212y dated July 9, 1863. Five boards were constituted^ headed.
548
COBBESPOKDENCE, ETC.
respectively, by Snrg. R. H. Coolidge, medical inspector, U. S. Army;
CoL A. 6. Brackett, Ninth Regiment Illinois Cavalry; Cmt. J. C.
Peterson, Fifteenth Regiment U. S. Infantry; Capt. M. Cogswell,
Eighth IT. S. Infantry, and Sni^. O. L. Sntton, XT. S. Volunteers. The
following tabular statement will give an idea of the amount and kind
of labor performed by these details:
Snrgeon OooUdge's boazd . .
CaimdB Petenon'a boftrd. .
9,806
S,78t
1
II
a,4S8
1,80ft
1,7M
1»
I
I
7,717
ft. Oil
Non-commissioned ofKcers and soldiers were transferred with the
same rank which they held in their original organizations. They
might be mustered out and re-enlisted in tiie corfM, if they chose, but
their new term would be for three years unless sooner discharged.
Officers who entered from field organizations were to send in their
resignations dated the day previous to the acceptance of the new
commissions. Transfers from one battalion to another were made on
the 1st of every month, after a rigid examination by a surgeon and
the senior officer of the post or hospital. Soldiers of the First Bat-
talion who proved unfit for it were shifted to the Second. Those of
the Second who became entirely disabled might be discharged, except
in cases of good men, injured in the service, who desired to remain.
These could be retained and assigned to clerical or other light duty.
If they were mustered out for disability and at their own request, it
must be so stated on their final i>apers. The former company and
regiment and the State from which the man originally enlisted, as well
as the order of transfer to the corps, were also to be noted on all cer-
tificates of discharge.
A considerable number of Invalid Corps officers were soon on duty
in the hospitals, relieving convalescents who were sufficiently recov-
ered to go to the front. Their position was that of military assistants
or military commanders. They were subordinate to the surgeon in
charge, and aided him in his administrative and executive duties.
The senior attended to the police and discipline of the establishment;
was responsible for the clothing, arms, equipments, and descriptive
lists of men received; noted on the descriptive rolls all pajrments and
issues pf clothing made at the hospital; supervised the muster and
pay rolls, the accounts of the patients, the property inventories of
deceased men, the reports, of deaths and discharges; recorded the
deaths and interments and saw that the graves had proper head-
boards; in the absence of the chaplain kept the chaplain's register.
DISCIPLINE AND ORGANIZATION.
How should discipline be established with promptness and uniform-
ity in an organization needed for immediate use and drawn from eveiy
arm of the service? Various directions to this end were Issued in
orders, circulars, and letters. Each company was to be made up, if
possible, of men from different States; it was to be kept intact^ as far
tTKIOK ATJTH0RITIE8, 549
aa its duties would aUow, and detaohments from it were to be relieved
as often as once a week; regular parades and frequent short drills
were to be had, both in the camps of rendezvous and at stations;
commanding officers were to hold their subordinates to a stric'
accountability; incorrigibly bad men were to be dishonorably dis-
charged. On the 1st of each month the company commandant was to
forward to the Bureau a list of all deaths, desertions, and discharges,
with names, rank, former company, regiment, and State. On arriving
at a new station he was to report also to the Bureau the strength
of his command, the names of men missing on the way, where lost,
and whether probably stragglers or deserters.
The formation established for the companies was that of the U. S.
infantry, but the maximum was not demanded, and they were usu-
ally ordered to stations on attaining a minimum.
On the 5th of September, 1863, the Provost-Marshal-Gtoneral was
authorized by the Adjutant-General to organize the companies into
regiments, and on the 26th of the month following he was permitted
to appoint colonels and lieutenant-colonels, with commissions dating
from September 5, 1863.
XTNIFOBM.
One of the first steps of the War Department with regard to the
corps had been to devise a special uniform for it. For enlisted men
it consisted of a dark-blue forage cap and sky-blue trousers, accord-
ing to the present regulation, and of a sky-blue kersey jacket,
trimmed with dark blue and cut long in the waist, like that of the
U. S. cavalry. Officers were directed to wear a sky-blue frock coat,
with collar, cuffs, and shoulder-strap grounds of dark blue velvet,
and sky-blue trousers, with a double stripe of dark blue down the
outer seam, the stripes half an inch wide and three-quarters of an
inch apart.
The uniform was becoming, but has never been x)opular. The men
did not like to be distinguished from their comrades of the active
service by a peculiar costume; they wanted to keep the dark-blue
blouse and dress coat in which they had learned their profession and
received their honorable disabilities. This feeling was aggravated by
the inevitable jealousy between field and garrison regiments, which
ripened into somethii^ like bitterness between the soldiers of the
Invalid Corps and the ranks in which they had so lately marched and
fought.
In the case of the officers, the light blue was so far from agreeable
to the eye and soiled so easily that they were eventually allowed and
then directed to resume the dark-blue frock coat, although retaining
the other insignia of their branch of the service.
BESULTS.
Such is the substance of the orders, circulars, and letters of instruc-
tion issued with regard to the Invalid Corps during the first six
months of its existence. On the Slst of October, 1863 [November 6,
1863*], Colonel Rush submitted a report exhibiting the following
results:
The corps contained sixteen regiments, each constituted of six com-
panies of the First and four companies of the Second Battalion. The
force was officered by 16 colonels, 16 lieutenant-colonels, 8 majors, 166
* See Vol. m, this aeries, p. 009.
550 COBBBSPONDfiNCS, ETC.
oaptainSy 169 flist lientenants, and 116 second lieutenantB, making a
total of 491 officers.
The'ntunerical changes during the period are embodied in the fol-
lowing tabular statements:
Number of companUa organized montMy,
TMaL
June.
Juiyv
Anffdit ....
SeptemlMr..
Ocflbober....
a
n
n
Totel...
ISO
Beium of the corps up to October SI, 1S6S,
(Mxib:
Transferred from other organicatioiui 16»448
Eecmited 1,481
17,879
liOesee s
Diflchaiged f or disabflity 87
Diflchai^ed by expiration of service 1
IMscharged bv oraer of the General-in-Chief 1
Biflcharged diahonorably 96
115
Total remaining 17,764
OFFIOKRS.
Appointed 601
Ai^Kyintments declined 8
Appointments revoked 2
Resigned 2
Dismiaaed the service 8
10
Total remaining ,.. 401
Aggregate ofBcers and men 18,955
Second official year.
On the 9th of November, 1863, Ck>l. M. N. Wisewell, of the Sixth
Regiment Veteran Reserve Corps, was assigned to take charge of the
Bureau.
EXAMINATION OF OFFICERS.
One of the earliest objects of attention during this official year was
the purification of the corps from officers of inferior character and
ability. Three days before the accession of Colonel Wisewell a noti-
fication had been issued by the Provost-Marshal-General to the effect
that the examinations of officers would commence as soon after Jan-
uary 1, 1864, as practicable, and that they would be tested as to their
knowledge of regulations and tactics and their general fitness for
their present positions and for promotion. The first board (rfthis
msHO^ AtTHORtTIttd. 551
nature was convened in Washington January 12, 1864, by order of
the Adjutant-General, who directed that it should be governed by
such instructions as might be prescribed for it by the Provost-Marshal-
General. It consisted of seven colonels, a lieutenant-colonel, a sur-
geon, and a first lieutenant who officiated as recorder. As it soon
became evident that one board could not do all the labor of this kind
which was required, the Adjutant-General authorized (February 13,
1864) the Provost-Marshal-General to convene others at such times
and places as he might designate. Under this order the system con-
tinued to work until it was no longer needed. Records of the exam-
inations of all the officers who were then in the corps and of all who
have entered it since are preserved in the Bureau. The heads accord-
ing to which they were tested are as follows : Field service, disability,
recommendations, capacity for a commission, general education,
intelligence, industry, knowledge of tactics, regulations, Articles of
War, discipline and service, record of sobriety, and of attention to
duty. Of those who already held appointments in the organization
only one-twenty-fourtii were thrown out as unsuitable for their
positions.
BBCRurnNO.
On the 31st of December, 1863, the Provost-Marshal-Gtoneral
stopped recruiting for the Second Battalion for the reason that a suffi-
cient number of men were added to it by transfer from the field
regiments and the hospitals. In February, 1864, it was decided that
men enlisted for the First Battalion should be credited to the quota
of their State, township, Ac. As the increase of the corps barely
balanced the large diminution by discharge, it was ordered that men
might be accepted who had served two years in the Army or marines,
without regaitl to disability. Like other recruits, they were to have
neither bounty nor premium, and they were only to be received on
condition that they were not subject to draft.
TRANSFERS.
Officers discharging men from hospitals or field service because of
physical disability were directed, in case the individual was not meri-
torious, to indorse on the discharge that he was unsuited for the
Invalid Corps. So much of General Orders, No. 105, 1863, as forbade
the discharge of men fit for the corps was revoked as regarded sol-
diers who had less than six months to serve. Disabled substitutes
and drafted men might be transferred, as well as volunteers. By a
circular from the Adjutant-General's Office, January 18, 1864, all
invalids who had been mustered on transfer rolls by surgeons in
charge of hospitals and all soldiers of the Second Battalion considered
well enough for the First Battalion were sent to the'Invalid Corps
rendezvous nearest the hospital, there to be inspected by an examin-
ing board, which had power to confirm the transfer, assign the men
to either battalion, return them to the field, or discharge them from
the service. It is to be observed that soldiers of the Regular Army
were never properly transferred to the coips, and that where this
occurred the action was revoked and the individuals sent to the
hospitals of their respective regiments.
The corps was infiuenced by the veteran volunteer movement and
a considerable number of the transferred men re-enlisted. It was
decided that these cases should count on the quotas of States, Ac, as
552 CORBESPONDENCB, ETC.
in other branches of the Army, bnt that they should not be allowed
the premiom and bounties for future service which were granted to
re-enlisted members of field organizations. In other words, the
veteran volunteer in the corjKS only received the $100 due for his
original term and such local bounty as he might be XMiid by the State,
county, or township to which he was credited.
OBDINABY OFFICIAL BUSINESS.
Few changes were made during this period in the method of trans-
acting the ordinary of&cial business of the organization. In January,
1864^ it was ordered that commandants of companies should no longer
forward their monthly returns direct to the headquarters of the corps
and of the Army. They were to send them to their proper regimental
commanders, who were to transmit consolidated returns to the
Provost-Marshal-General and to the superintendent of recruiting in
the State where the regiment was stationed. Unattached companies
continued to act in this matter as regiments.
CHANOB OF DBSIONATION OF THB COBPS.
One of the most imix>rtant events in the history of the corps during
the year was a change in its designation. General Orders, No. Ill,
Adjutant-General's .OfKce, March 18, 1864, directed that the name of
Invalid Corps should be dropped for that of Veteran Reserve Corps.
There were two reasons for this action, one deduced from sentiment
and the other from utility. The bitter prejudice of field troops
against a garrison organization had found scope in a multitude of
sarcasms and jeers which made the title of Invalid Corps a burden.
Men frequently begged to be sent back to their old regiments in the
field rather than remain in garrison at the price of being called inva-
lids. The second cause for the change was the necessity of enlarging
the limits of recruitment. About this period such numbers were dis-
charged through expiration of term of service that the losses very
nearly equaled the accessions, and, indeed, during a part of 1864
greatly exceeded them.
A Veteran Reserve Corps might accept classes of men which an
Invalid Corps could not. Circular 65, Adjutant-General's Office, 1864,
heretofore mentioned as allowing enlistments among discharged sol-
diers not subject to draft, without reference to disabilities, must be
considered as a sequence of this change of title. Notwithstanding
the absurdity of the prejudice against the word invalid, the new
nomenclature was no doubt a benefit, inasmuch as it removed, at
least in part, an obstacle to that esprit de corps which is so essential
to the well-being and efficiency of a military organization.
SBBVICES— OUABD DtTTV.
No statistics of the ordinary duty performed by the corps during
this official year have been collected, except the fact tluit 21,345
recruits, deserters, ifec, were guarded by the Tenth Regiment, with a
loss of only thirty-five. At this distance of time it would be difficult
to obtain data for an accurate or even approximative report on the
subject.
It is known, however, that the services rendered by the Veteran
Reserves were very arduous, and it is believed that more duty would
not have been demanded of a similar number of able-bodied soldiers.
UNION AtJTHOBITIBS. 553
They famished iniardB for the rebel prison camps at Bock Island
and ChieagOy HI. ; Indianapolis, Ind. ; Johnson's Island, Ohio; Blmira,
N. Y.; Point Lookout, Md.; for the recruiting depots and camps of
distribution at Portland, Concord, Boston, ^ew Haven, New York
City, Trenton, Pittsburg, Fort Snelling, and Alexandria; they sup-
plied provost-marshals of districts with details to enforce the draft;
they conducted the conscripts to rendezvous; they escorted large
numbers of substitutes, recruits, and rebel prisoners to and from the
front; guarded the railroad between Baltimore and Washington, and
performed the patrol and guard duty of the capital; manned a por-
tion of the defenses of Washington during the raid of Early, and for
four months before and after guarded many general hospitals, and
supplied them with ward-masters, nurses, and clerks; furnished
clerks, also, to various militaiy departments and superintendents of
recruiting.
SEBVICBS--FIBLD DUTY.
The field service of the corps has, of course, been slight; but when
called on for l^is species of duty it has performed it with as much
alacrity and steadiness as other troops; it has shown that it could
behave in battle as became a corps of veterans. During the raid of
Early upon the rear of Washington a large portion of the threatened
front was held by the First, Six&, Seventh, Ninth, Fourteenth, Nine-
teenth, and Twenty-fourth Regiments. Of these only the Sixth and
Ninth came into collision with the enemy. The Sixth had two slight
skirmishes in front of Fort De Russy, with a loss of one offtcer and
four men wounded. The Ninth was brought into action at Fort
Stevens, after the rebels had pushed their picket-line to witiiin a short
distance of the fortification and disabled a number of the gunners.
The regiment chaiiged, drove the enemy some distance, and main-
tained a sharp skirmish until night, losing 5 killed and 7 severely
wounded. While the danger to the capital continued the Veteran
Reserves endured the same field exposures as the other troops, and
with at least equal eheerf ulness.
As the proof of this zeal, and also of the fact that invalid soldiers can
for a short time perform severe duty, it is worth while to note the fact
that the Sixth Regiment made a day's march of twenty-three miles
from one threatened point to another, with only one straggler, and
that one excused by the surgeon. Majoi^Qeneral McCook, who com-
manded the defenses, complimented the Veteran Reserves in his
of&cial report as follows:
To Colonel Qile and the oiBoers and men of the First Brigade, Veteran Beeexre
Corps, I am largely Indebted for the sncoees of my efforts m keeping the enemy
from onr line until the arrival of the Sixth Corps.
The history of the Eighteenth Regiment Veteran Reserve Corps,
during the summer of 1864, is an interesting and even juithetic exhi-
bition of what invalid soldiers can and will do if necessary. It was
composed of six Second Battalion companies; that is to say, of men
who had been declared unfit not only for field service but for garrison
duty; of men so far crippled and enfeebled that the inspecting sur-
geons had judged them unable to carry a weightier weai)on thaii the
sword.
They had, however, been armed with muskets and used as guards
to forward soldiers to the Army. They were Unfit to march, but they
could go by rail or boat, and they could fire on deserters. When
554 COttttESPONDENCfi, STO.
Colonel Johnson took command he found some of his men unable to
bear a musket on the right shoulder and some on the left; there were
men who could not wear the cartridge-box belt, and men who could not
wear the waist belt; some had been excused from the cartridge-box,
and had their cartridges in their pockets; one could carry twenty
rounds, another ten, and another five. These variations were not
dictated by the caprice of the soldiers, but by the judgment of sur-
geons.
The six companies were assigned to Colonel Johnson on the 7th of
May. Four days afterward he received an order to embark at 6 on
the following morning for Belle Plain, Va., then a depot of stores
and prisoners in the rear of the Army of the Potomac. The regiment
numbered 10 officers and 514 men present for duty, and 10 men pres-
ent sick. The first five days at Belle Plain were passed in a con-
tinual rain, without tents, without rubber blankets, without medical
stores, without even a surgeon. Until May 24 the regiment guarded
the rebel prisoners at the post and escorted detachments of them
northward, transmitting in this manner 2,996, with a loss of two
escaped and one killed in the attempt. As General Grant advanced
toward Petersburg it became necessaiy to move the base of supplies
southward, and on the 23d of May a medical examination was made of
the Eighteenth to decide what men could go to Port Royal, a distance
of about twenty-five miles by land. The surgeons reported that of
the 474 present 166 could march without knapsacks, and that the rest
were not able to march at all. The officers all refused to be exam-
ined, or represented themselves as fit for the field. While the mass
of the regiment, 308 men, were put on a transport and sent by water
to their destination, Colonel Johnson with his select band, still mis-
erably provided for active service, set out as a part of the marching col-
umn. The first field night of this forlorn hope of invalids was paissed
in a furious storm of rain and hail, without tents or other cover, the
men wrapping themselves in their wet blankets and finding what
shelter they could in the comers of rail-fences.
Next morning Colonel Johnson requested that his command might
be left to make its own way and take care of itself in its own time.
It could not advance, he said, above a mile an hour; if attacked
by guerrillas it could not run away and it would fight; it did not
fear any force which was not superior in numbers; its greatest enemy
was rapidity of movement. All that day he^ and his officers coaxed
the men on; ordered, pleaded, persuaded, reasoned with the poor
fellows who dropi)ed by the roadside; halted those who could walk,
to enable those who could only limp to catch up; marched fifteen
minutes at a time and then rested ten; accomplished in thirteen hours
only twelve miles. On the morning after the conclusion of the jour-
ney but 42 of the 166 were able to fall in for roll-call. Then the
surgeon who had been assigned to the regiment was ordered to Wash-
ington. Colonel Johnson himself attended to the sick; that is, he
administered to the lighter cases such medicine as he understood and
had; but the graver maladies, the old wounds which had reopened,
the limbs which were warped by injuries or helpless with rheumatism,
were necessarily neglected. At Port Royal the regiment, now reunited,
received its shelter tents. After four days' duty as provost guard it
proceeded by transport to White House Landing, on the Pamunkey,
where it remained until the 21st of June. Here is the list of duties
performed at White House Landing by these six companies of men
who had been declared unfit for any purpose but that of the hospitaL
Guard over rebel prisoners, both at the post and during transportation
UNION AtrrHOBmxa. 555
Koiih ; goflid oyer qiuurtennaster'B stores, commissary stares. Sanitary
Commission stores, ambulances, and ordnance; guard over the hos-
pitals and the men employed on the railroad; conveyance of the
wounded on board the hospital boats.
Every officer and every man was put on duty every day according
to the utmost measure of his physical ability. Those who could not
walk a beat were posted on the shipping at the landing; those who
could not stand, and must sit, on the vessels in the stream. During
the stay at White Househdetachments of the regiment convoyed North
by transport 1,500 rebel prisoners without losing one. On the 20th of
June it took jpart in the successful defense of the post against Hamp-
ton's raid. Several of the men had been discharged and were on
transports about to saU for the North; they returned to the camp,
borrowed arms and accouterments, and begged to go into line of bat-
tle with their old oomrades. Twice during the eng^^ment an aide
rode up to Colonel Johnson with the question, ''Will your invalids
stand?"
''Tell the ffeneral,"was the answer, "that my men are cripples,
and they caxrt run. ''
On the 12th of June a medical board examined the regiment and
reported that in consequence of wounds or disease contracted in the
service four-fifths of it were entirely unfitted for both field and fatigue
duty, and recommiended that it should be sent to some post where the
duties would be light and where the men could obtain diet suitable
to their debilitated condition. In consequence of this reix>rt the reg-
iment was ordered back to Washington, where it arrived on the 25th
of June. Such was the physical exhaustion, notwithstanding several
days' rest on the boat, that out of 474 officers and men only five offi-
cers and 200 men were able to attempt the two-mile march between
Sixth Street Wharf and Cliifbume Barracks, and sixty of this number
fell in the streets. The next morning there were 112 officers and men
on the sick-list out of an aggregate of 474.
During July, August, and September the regiment guarded the
railroad between Washington and Annapolis Junction. The distance
being sixteen miles and the number of men for duty only about 400,
many of the picket posts (a corx>oral and three men each) could not
be relieved during the entire three months. At BeltsviUe the line
was attacked by a considerable force of Early's cavaliy. Sergeant
Porter collected twenty men from the posts under his command,
formed them in the edge of a wood, and fired six rounds before he was
driven from his position. Six of Ids feeblest men were captured dur-
ing the retreat, but it was reix>rted by citizens that seven or eight of
the cavalry were killed or wounded. While on the railroad the reg-
iment arrested nearly 400 stragglers, one-half of whom proved to be
deserters making their way North. During September Companies A
and C guarded in Forrest Hall Prison, Georgetown, D. C, 1,140 pris-
oners, without an instance of escape. In October Companies A, B,
C, and D guarded 660 prisoners in Carroll and Old Capitol Prisons.
The entire number of prisoners held in confinement by this incom-
plete regiment of desperately disabled men, during a period of less
than six months, was 6,296, of whom only two escaped. What is
remarkable in these services is not so much their amount (although
that is highly creditable} as the fact that they were performed by
soldiers who had been adjudged fit only for hospital duty. It is for
this reason that the history of the Eighteenth has been told at greater
length than that of any of its comrade regiments. I desire also to
656 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
call notice to the foct that if this mass of duty had not been accom-
plished by invalids it wonld have ocoapied at least an equal number
of able-bodied men, who would thus have been withdrawn from the
lines of battle, and in those days it was not easy to obtain all the
able-bodied men that were needed for fighting purposes alone.
CHANQES m ORQANIZATION.
The primary organization of the regiments was a union of six First
Battalion with four Second Battalion companies. This arrangement
worked imperfectly; the First Battalion men were on garrison duty,
and the Second Battalion men scattered through hospitals, reporting
to surgeons. The diversity of service and command rendered unity
of discipline impossible. During March, April, and May of this
ofKcial year the regiments were reorganized in such a manner as to
consist entirely of First Battalion companies, while the companies of
the Second Battalion reassumed their former numbers and returned
to their original status as detached organizations.
Numerical ehangea,
XnUHed idmi KoTMabcr 1, 1881:
FlntBattaUon 10.5M
Seoqnd BattUion ^ 7,»l
Xirtal 17,784
OAnr.
Ken tmufeiTMl to the oorpe in cenenl orden Adjataot-General'a Oflloe etaioe
November 1.1888 18,968
TrftDeferred by epeelel orden A4)atent-Genenl*sOffloe 4
Xnlisted in the corps sinoeAOTflmber 1,1888 3,418
Be^nlieted in Fliet Battalion oompanieaeinoeKoTember 1,1883 2.007
Bfrenlisted In Second Battalion oompanieaaiBoeKoTember 1,1883 461
Total gain SS.4a
48,807
niaohaifed aineeKoTeniber 1, 1888:
By reaaon of expiration of term^
First Battalion 8,088
Second Battalion 8,838
8,785
FtodlaablUty^
First Battalian 1,102
Second Battalion 1.474
2,578
For disability onder Clrcnlar Ko. 86—
First Bi^fcuaion 82
Second Battalion 826
r purpcee of f»«nliatlnff—
FIntBntr "
t Battalion 2,097
Second Battalion 481
, 2,588
Toaccept appointmenta as commissioned officers 49
To enlist as nospitalstewsrds 20
Under ordera ftom Adjntant General's Office 68
For other oaoses 137
Total diadhaifed .• 12,556
ICon of the Begnlar Anny retranafened to their former companies and regimenta ... 20
Vdnnteers retranslbrred to their former oompaniea and regiments, haying become fit
for sotiTe service 877
To be tried as deserters 71
Kotprraersniyeotsfortheooips 587
First Battalion 837
Second BattaUon 840
««^ M ••'
Died:
First Battalion 400
Second Battalion 288
— — — — 886
Total loos 15,211
Total nnmber of enlisted men on October 1,1884 27,974
UNION AUTHORITIES. 667
FInt BAttmfioiiTr. UO
* Batt^Jion .•.•.•••••••••••••.•• ,. 8t
Oi|Mila«A diiee that dtttot
First BattaUoB Uf
n
Knmbcr of ooddmiiSm Oetobor 1, 18N :
Firatr " '
Totia. m
TbennmlMrof ofiloenof tbooorpoonOetobortlflMi WM 4n
Knmbcr^poiDtodolaMtbatdoto 411
MS
Vvmbcr of offloon who luiTo loft tbo mnioo iliMo Ootober tl, IMS I
Beoigned—
Cohmoto t
Liaatanont^oloncb f
M%fon 1
OlptOllH 4i,,-.i I ■ mil 4$
FintUeutOMDU SI
Seoond Ueotsnaato If
HononblTdf " **
C^tiiin.
too ,
LieateiiMit-ooloiiol 1
MiO«r 1
Flnt Uontanonto t
Soooud lieataDMit. 1
6
▲ppobitBMnta nroko^*
CaptaJno 5
First If eatooaoto. 4
aeeond lloatoDaato S
U
Dtsmliaed- — ==-»
Oaptalns g
First Itontonaota t
Second lieatonaats §
10
Deoaaaed—
Captains 4
Flnt Uentenant 1
Omomd ]ffq^ffifm% ,^^ l-i-.j 1
6
Total- — «
Oolonala g
LientsnantHSolonels 6
lUJors S
Ci^aiDS il
Fint lieatenanU 84
Saoond Uoatenanta , 10
Hi
irnmber of oflloars October 1,1864 ^
Nnmbsr of men October 1,1864 17,674
Aggi^gata »,ni
Third official year.
The chAracter of this period has been determined to a gieat extent
by three important measures inyolving the deoentralization of official
business, the assi^ment of the Second Battalion to the Smgeon-
Generialy and the discharge from service of the transferred men of the
corps.
558 C0RBE8P0MDENCB, BTO.
BBOBNTRALIZATION OF OFFICIAL BUSINB88.
Up to the close of 1864 all descriptiye lists and acooonts of pay
and clothing of transferred men had been demanded of former com-
pany commandants from this Bureau, and had been transmitted by it
to the commandants of the companies to which the several men were
assigned.
Bearing in mind that oyer 50,000 men have jmssed from the active
Army into the Veteran Reserve Corps, it is easy to perceive what an
immense amount of labor was thus centralized. The system was in
accordance with the business customs of armies, but it resulted in an
accumulation of clerical work which could be dispersed with advan-
tage. In a circular letter, dated January 2, 1865, Provost-Marshal-
General's Office, it was enjoined that thereafter officers of the Veteran
Reserve Ck>rp6 should apply directly to the former company com-
manders of transferred men for their descriptive lists, supporting
each request with a copy of the order of transfer. The diminution
in one month of the personal force of the branch from seven commis-
sioned officers and forty-eight clerks to two officers and thirty-one
clerks is almost entirely attributable to this change. The office had
been crowded in two buildings; it now found sufficient room in one.
At least $20,000 have been saved to the Government during the year
by this measure. Exteriorly it has worked well. Nearly all the com-
pany commandants have been energetic in demanding the descriptive
lists of their transferred men, and in case of failure to complete their
descriptive rolls they have been promptly reminded of their remiss-
ness by the Bureau.
A subsequent circular letter, dated February 10, 1866, Provoet-
Marshal-General's Office, directed that in case any soldier of the
corps died, deserted, or was discharged his company commander
should forward a notification of the fact to the adjutant-general of
tlie State from which he originally enlisted.
This labor also had been hitherto performed in the Bureau and
had formed no inconsiderable portion of its clerical duty. The object
of the measure was of course not only to complete the man's history
at the military headquarters of the State, but to check fraudulent or
erroneous claims for local bounty, family aid, Ac.
In the same economical connection should be mentioned the discon-
tinuance of the invalid-roll system (General Orders, No. 76, Adjutant-
GteneraFs Office, 1865) and the transfer of disabled men to the corps
on the simple recommendation of examining boards. The invaJid
roll was made out by an officer commanding troops or by a surgeon
in charge of a general hospital It gave the soldier's military history,
clothing and pay accounts, moral character, and nature of disability;
it needed the indorsements of brigade, division, and corps command-
ers. Amid the pressure of field operations and the multitude of
wounded and sick in the hospitals, it was a document slow in prex>a-
ration and in transit, and in many instances a long time eUtpsed
between the injury to the man and such official completion of his case
as placed him in the ranks of the Veteran Reserve Corps.
Under the new system the examining boards visited the general
hospitals once in two months, inspected all patients who were speci-
fied as permanently disabled by the surgeon in charge, and made out
lists of recommendations for the First or Second Battalion, accord-
ing to the severity of the injuries. The descriptive lists and clothing
and pay accounts were demanded subsequently by the oomnumdants
UNION AUTHORITIES. 559
of the respectiye oompanies to which the invalids weie assigned.
Months of the soldier's time were saved thus, and the soldier's time
was the Government's money.
TRANSFER OF THE SECOND BATFALION TO THE 8UROBON-GBNERAL.
The men and officers of the Second Battalion have from the first
been used almost entirely for hospital duty. In the early part of this
official vear an order was issued (General Orders, No. 306, Adjutant-
General's Office, December 27, 1864) to the effect that companies or
detachments of the battalion, with or without officers, according to
the pleasure of the Surgeon-General, might be detached for guards,
attendants, nurses, Ac, at general hospitals, and that such companies
should be mustered by the surgeon in charge, and should not be
relieved except by order of the Secretary of War.
Finally it was judged expedient that the department which needed
and employed this organization should have entire control of it.
An order wae issued (General Orders, No. 43, Adjutant-General's
Office, March 21, 1865) that all Second Battalion companies should be
under the command of the Surgeon-Greneral, to be assigned to duty at
his discretion, and that their returns and rolls should henceforth be
transmitted through him to the Adjutant-General of the Army. At
this point, therefore, ceases the responsibility of the Bureau for the
Second Battalion of the Veteran Reserve Corps.
DISCHARGE OF THE TRANSFERRED MEN.
The third notable event of this official year was General Orders,
No. 116 (June 17, 1865), of the Adjutant-General's Office. The war had
concluded with the destruction of the rebellion, and the vast volunteer
army was being mustered out as rapidly as prudence would permit.
What should be done with the men of the Veteran Reserve Ck>rps?
The War Department decided that, while those who had enlisted or
re-enlisted in it were bound to serve as long as needed by the Gov-
ernment, the transferred men could allege strong claims to be mus-
tered out with their former comrades. They had volunteered with
them; they had taken t^e same oath, with the same purpose; they
had shared as long as strength lasted their dangers and labors; why
should they not share in their release ? It was ordered that all trans-
ferred men who had not re-enlisted in the corps might claim their
discharge &t>m the date of the muster out of their original regiments.
ThiB order has swept the organization of 12,353 men and will even-
tually remove between 1,200 and 1,300 more.
RESULTS OF EXPERIENCE IN ORGANIZATION.
General Orders, No. 76, Adjutant-General's Office, April 27, 1865, is
important as being the result of the official experience of two years
and a half in the organization of an invalid corps. It is unquestion-
able, it is entirely natural, and yet is it eminently praiseworthy that
its provisions are more simple, practicable, and efficient than those
of many of the preceding orders relating to the same subject? In the
opening of the rebellion, when a million of soldiers were forced sud-
denly ux>on the Bureau of the War Department, mistakes and short-
comings were inevitable. Amidst the gigantic novelty of the situa-
tion it was necessary to use old systems of official business until new
ones of a larger grasp and quicker action could be drawn from the
560 COBBESPONDENCBy ETC.
almost oyerwhelming experience of the present. It mnst be remem-
bered that over 60,000 men have entered the Veteran Reserve Corps,
and that at one time it was twice as large as was the entire U. S.
Army at the commencement of the war. It is believed that the
improvements in its management have corresponded with the general
advance in other branches of the War Department.
A single amendment to General Order 76 is snggested. Even under
its provisions the X)eriod which elapsed between the insx>ection of the
invalid and his actnal arrival in the corps was too great, and it occa-
sionally happened that he died, deserted, or otherwise disappeared
from the hospital before the order transferring him to the organiza-
tion was issned.
Would it not have been well to give the examining board authority
to order the man at once to the nearest camp of rendezvous, there to
await the action of the Adjutant-General? The Veteran Reserve
Corps officers attached to hospitals might have taken charge of the
detachments. By this plan the movement of transfer would have
been exx>edited, the blanks which now exist in the records with regard
to the fate of certain men would have been fewer, and it is not
believed that the errors of selection would have been much more
numerous.
SBBVICBS.
The services performed by the Veteran Reserve Corps have been
so varied in nature that it is impossible to state them in a compen-
dious exhibit. Where one regiment has escorted thousands of pris-
oners, convalescents, recruits, and conscripts, whose numbers can be
given with accuracy, another has simply guarded important posts
and vast stores of public projwrty, thus performing duty which can-
not be expressed statistically. After examining the voluminous
reports of the regiments for the year, I find it impossible to present
their information intelligibly otherwise than by detached summaries.
These epitomes will be brief; they will indeed be little more than
the barest memoranda, necessarily unjust to certain organizations, but
this error cannot be avoided without a fullness of detail which would
render the report too voluminous. It should be observed that the
services of the Second Battalion are not stated here for the reason
that its records are not under the control of the Bureau.
First Regiment. — ^At Elmira, N. Y., jwrforming patrol duty and
guarding hospitals, store-houses, and camp of rebel prisoners. Up
to the close of the war the prisoners constantly in camp averaged
between 10,000 and 12,000; frequent attempts to escape and one pris*
oner recorded as escaped; duty of guarding them very severe.
Squads of convalescents, recruits, conscripts, Ac, generally 80 or 100
strong, escorted to the front or to other posts; no record of a single
escape. Many volunteer troops disbanded at this station; at one
time 16,000 present; various disturbances resulted; order restored by
this regiment. Two companies on duty at Rochester, N. Y., repress-
ing disorders committed by disbanding regiments.
Second Regiment, — ^Headquarters at Detroit, Mich., detached com-
panies at various ix>int6 tlm>ughout the North; patrol, escort, and
ordinary guard duty. From headquarters the following men have
been conducted to the front: Recruits, 1,026; substitutes, 202; con-
scripts, 140; convalescents, 805; stragglers, 201; deserters, 242;
paroled prisoners, 242; total, 2,858; escax>es, 16. Similar service
I>erf ormed by the detached companies, but no numerical reooids for-
warded to this Bureau.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 561
T%ird Regiment. — ^During part of the year has been stationed at
Washington, performing the ordinary duties of the garrison of Wash-
ington, of course in conjunction with other troops. While at the
Soldiers' Rest an immense number of troops, from 800 to 6,000 -per day,
passed through to the front. At Alexandria, Va., an average of 600
per day forwarded. At Eastern Branch corral many thousand of Gov-
ernment cattle guarded without loss. Regiment on duty at seventy-
five points and in six States at one time. The detachinent at New
Haven escorted 2,280 men to the front, and (aided by other troops)
guarded 6,000 men during the process of organization; duty for six
months averaged eight hours per day for each man. One detachment^
assisted by a company of the Pennsylvania Bucktails, took charge
of the One hundred and ninety-third Regiment New York Volun-
teers, at that time 200 strong, over 400 having deserted; in about two
months the regiment was sent off with 1,022 men. At Burlington,
Vt., a violent outbreak in a volunteer brigade was quelled by seventy
men of the Third, two of the rioters being shot, some ironed, and
many arrested. Duty of regiment severe; for weeks together on
guard every other day; men known to fall asleep with exhaustion
while walking their beats. Discipline excellent, notwithstanding that
608 men were received and 863 discharged, Ac, during the year.
Fourth Regiment. — IMncipally at R^k Island Barracks and Camp
Butler, 111., guarding rebel prisoners, escorting exchanged men to the
front, and performing ordinary guard duty of camps and public
stores. Prisoners escorted to different x)oints for exchange, 3,825;
escapes, 2.
Frfth Regiment. — ^Duty in the West. Headquarters at Indianapo-
lis, Ind. Has guarded Government property and the rebel prisoners
at Camp Morton, the latter averaging 4,000 present. Prisoners fre-
quently planned outbreaks; several shot in the attempt to escape.
Service severe; men on guard duty every other day; at one time
patrol added to the ordinary guard; a battery of mountain howitzers
manned by the regiment; officers and men sleeping on their arms for
two weeks. Four companies aided in breaking up the Chicago plot.
Frequent details to arrest disloyal men and conduct soldiers to ihe
front. During February, March, and April 2,000 prisoners escorted
to City Point for exchange. The regiment complimented for its serv-
ices in a letter written by the adjutant-general of the State.
Sixth Regiment. — ^Nine companies guarded rebel prisoners on John-
son's Island at the opening of the official year. Forty-five per cent,
of the men present for duty on guard eveiy day. Daily average of
prisoners, 2,761; number escorted to other posts, 1,144; total of these
last e8cax)ed, 3. Company H patrolled disaffected counties for six
months, enforcing the draft. Its operations were by night and
involved much marching and exposure. It arrested over 100 desert-
ers. Eight companies were stationed for a time at Cincinnati, guard-
ing pubuc property; 45 per cent, of the men present constantly on
guard.
Seventh Regiment. — ^Has i>erformed continuous service as a part of
the garrison of Washington. At one time guarded twenty-five posts
in the city. One-third of the men and officers almost constant^ on
duty.
MghJth Regiment. — ^From November 1, 1864, to June 15, 1865,
guarded rebel prisoners at Camp Douglas, Chicago. Daily number
of prisoners varied from 9,000 to 11,800; number escaped, 8. Between
36 R Br— SEBIES m, VOL Y
562 COBBESPONDENCE, ETC.
lyOOO and 2,000 prisoners forwarded for exchange. BeemitB for-
warded, 1,954; stragglers and deserters, 308; bounty jumiMrs, 10;
substitutes, 4; convalescents, 5; political prisoners, 10; total, 2,291;
escapes, 6. Over 100 bushwhackers from Southern Illinois, who had
oome to Chicago to aid the projected rising of the prisoners, were
captured by this regiment and other troops of the Veteran Reserve
Corps.
NinCh Regiment. — Duty as part of the garrison of Washington.
During considerable periods men detailed every other day. In March
an average of 350 men on guard out of a total of 889. April, duty
still more severe; most of the small posts permanent; not men
enough to relieve them. Regiment also shared in the patrol dul^ of
the city, and up to April escorted men to the front. Number of
arrests by the patrols of the garrison, 1,670 officers and 10,020 men;
forwarded by the regiment, rebel prisoners, 300; state and military
prisoners, 270; convalescents, 1,300; no escapes reported.
Tenth RegimenL — Duties in Washington, similar to those of the
Ninth. The list of posts and routes on which this regiment has done
guard duty covers nearly seven foolscap pages. One hundred and
sixt)r-five details were furnished to escort soldiers or rebel prisoners;
but it is impossible to state the number so forwarded; some squads
were 500 or 600 strong.
Eleventh Regiment, — Commenced the official year in charge of rebel
prisoners at Point Lookout, Md. Duties severe; men on guard every
other day, and sometimes oftener; in shelter tents during part of the
winter; weather unusually cold. Every day the regiment guarded
hundreds of prisoners who were kept at work on the wharves and
fortifications. Three companies guarded the shores of the Potomac
and its light-houses, a x>ortion of the men being used as mounted
scouts and patrols; this detachment captured 50 blockade-running
boats, 50 smugglers, 2 officers, and 1 man of Mosby's command and a
large number of Federal deserters. The garrison of Point Lookout
at one time numbered only 650 men to guiuid 22,000 rebel prisoners.
Between 18,000 and 20,000 prisoners were escorted to other posts by
detachments of this regiment. Since the breaking up of the prison
camp the Eleventh has performed guard and patrol duty at Washing-
ton and various other points in the Eastern States.
Twelfth Regiment, — Commenced the year at Alexandria, Ya.;
guarded Government property and patrolled the streets; protected
the railroad from guerrillas. One company guarded the military
prison at Alexandria, with a monthly average of 400 bounty jumpers,
Ac, or a total of 2,900, with but three escapes. The other nine com-
panies have been stationed chiefly in Washington; have guarded the
military prison. Government store-houses, Ac, ; men on duty neariy
every other day. The regiment has shared with other regiments of
the corps the resix>nsible service of guarding the assassins of President
Lincoln.
Thirteenth Regiment, — Guard duty at various posts in New Eng-
land; forwarded by detachment at headquarters (Gallupe's Island,
Boston, Mass.), recruits, 7,819; conscripts, 2,106; convalescents, 926;
prisoners, 21; total, 10,882; escapes, 145. Of the 12,024 men at the
camp or rendezvous between November 1, 1864, and June 1, 1865, only
three escaped; losses in transix>rtation generally owing to circum-
stances beyond the control of the.guards. This service very severe;
men constantly on duty for many days and nights consecutively;
large bribes offered by bounty jumx)ers and refused. Twenty-seven
UNION AUTHOBinBg. 563
volnnteer organizations, numbering 7,920 men, mnstered out at this
post. At Beach Street Barracks 18,721 men have passed through
and been rationed under the supervision of Companies B and C. At
Readville, Mass., 3,468 volunteers have been mustered out under
supervision of Company B. From Camp Oilmore Companies F and
H have forwarded to the field 1,009 recruits, 817 substitutes, 2 con-
scripts, and 48 deserters, being a total of 1,876, with 31 escapes. In
addition a patrol of sixty men per day; ordinary guard duty every
other day, frequently for several days in succession. From Novem-
ber 1, 1864, to June 11, 1865, Company D was the only force on duty
at the State draft rendezvous, guarding an unknown but veiy large
number of recruits, substitutes, Ae. The officers of the regiment have
been occupied as closely as the men; they have performed their com-
pany duties and special duties at the same time; also a great deal of
important detached service.
jFourieeTUh Regiment — One company (K) has been stationed dur-
ing the year on the Gk)vemment farms. Camp Wadsworth, Va. The
remainder of the regiment has done duty at Camp Distribution, at
Alexandria, Va., and in Washington, D. C., as garrison. Daily num-
ber of recruits, conscripts, convalescents, and deserters at Camp Dis-
tribntion waiting escort to the front varied from 2,000 to 10,000.
Duty very severe, the camp being large, the posts numerous, the win-
ter uncommonly cold, and many of the men suffering from recent
wounds. Sentinels firequently relieved from post and sent to hos-
pital by order of the surgeon. In Alexandria and Washington the
regiment has guarded or aided in guarding Government corrals, large
depots of public stores, Wa^ington Street Prison (500 rebel prison-
ers). Old Capitol and Carroll Prisons, and the Arsenal while used as
a place of confinement for the assassins of President Lincoln.
In addition to their ordinary duties, the officers have x)^rformed a
vast amount of 8i>ecial duty and detached service, thirteen being
detailed at one time. They have made sixty-seven trips in charge of
convalescents, recruits, conscripts, and deserters, escorting a total of
14,793, with a total loss of 325. When it is considered that this serv-
ice covered in all a period of 317 days, and that thousands of the men
guarded were professional bounty jumpers or similarly desperate
characters, this loss will not appear surprising.
Fifteenth Regiment, — Commenced the official year at Camp Doug-
las, Chicago, in conjunction with Eighth Regiment Veteran Reserve
Corps and Twenty-fourth Ohio Battery. Guarded Government prop-
erty and patrolled Chicago; guarded and escorted stragglers, con-
scripts, substitutes, and rebel prisoners. Up to the close of the war
the prisoners constantly on hand averaged from 9,000 to 13,000. Only
thirteen escaped from camp and none during the transportation. The
regiment aided in escorting 1,000 deserters and stragglers and between
2,000 and 3,000 substitutes and conscripts, of whom only six escaped
while under charge of officers of the Fifteenth. Strength of garrison
varied between 500 and 700. Men on guard every third day or every
other day. The regiment aided in preventing the outbreak of the
Chicago conspiracy. Officers constantly and closely employed, fre-
quently on two or three lines of duty at once.
Sixteenth Regiment. — ^This regiment, generally under command of
Major Gaebel, carried on a campaign of several months in the moun-
tains of Pennsylvania, where deputy provost-marshals and enrolling
officers had been killed and wounded by disloyal persons engaged in
resisting the draft. Treasonable organizations 500 or 600 strong were
564 OOBBESPOHDEKCE, ETa
broken np. The expeditions were made throngli a wooded and monn-
tainoos country in winter, amid snow and ice, chiefly by night, and
many of the men were badly frost-bitten. Hundreds of deserters and
recusants were arrested; some were killed in skirmishes; one man of
the regiment killed. The Sixteenth also forwarded deserters, recruits,
conscripts, Ac, to posts and camps of distribution. The number of
I>ersons thus arrested and guarded during the year is as follows:
Deserters from regiments in the field captured and forwarded, .2,810,
of whom 27 escaped; conyalesoents forwarded, 3,447, with 46 escapes;
deserters from the draft captured and forwarded, 3,743, with 26
escapes; volunteers forwarded, 5,700. Total guarded, 15,637; total
escapes, 99; number escorted up to July 1, 1865, averaged daily 150;
number escorted during the remainder of the year averaged daily 63.
The foUowing facts are interesting as exhibiting the amount of
duty occasionally performed by oflBlcers of the corps. Col. Charles
M. Prevost, of this regiment, hascommanded draft rendezvous, Spring-
field, HI., since November 19, 1864; has superintended the forward-
ing of about 25,000 men to the front, and the discharge and final
parents of sixty-three regiments and seven batteries, and has still
thirty-four regiments to muster out. Lieut. Col. Stephen Moore has
been on several important details of si>ecial duty while commanding
provisional brigade and draft rendezvous at Elmira, N. Y. Second
Lieut. George R. BufTum tried in six months, as judge-advocate, 151
cases, covering 5,503 cap pages, and returned 41 cases to depturtoient
headquarters, princii>ally in consequence of the muster out of all the
witnesses, which fact was not verified without a large correspondence.
Seventeenth Regiment — On duty during the year at Indianapolis,
Ind., i>atrolling the city, guarding U. S. arsenal, State arsenal, and
Gk)vemment store-houses, and conducting men to the front. Forwarded
1,300 conscripts, 1,335 deserters, 3,400 recruits, 3,062 stragglers, 1,040
convalescents; totol, 10,137; escapes, 56. Nineteen of the escaped
men were lost by one of&cer, who was court-martialed by the com-
mandant of the regiment, but permitted to send in his resignation.
General duty very severe; men sometimes on guard for sixty hours.
During one period of eight days the average detail for guard was
one-half the r^ment. Officers generally on double duty.
Eighteenth Kegimerd. — On duty as part of the garrison of Washing-
ton. In conjunction with other troops of the garrison, it has guarded
664 military and state prisoners in Carroll Prison, and 1,005 in Old
Capitol Prison. Unaided, it hasescorted 2,163 stragglers, 1,506 desert-
ers, 4,668 recruits, 23,319 convalescents; total guarded and forwarded,
33,775; total escapes reported, 4.
Nineteenth Regiment. — ^Duty at Elmira, N. T., and other points in
the State, guarding public property and military prisoners, and for-
warding men to &e front or to camps of distribution. No statis-
tical report.
Tii>entieth Reaiment. — Commenced the year at Point Lookout, Md.,
guarding the rebel prisoners there in conjunction with the Eleventh
Regiment Veteran Reserve Corps and the Fifth Massachusetts
Colored Cavalry. Eighty men as mounted i>atrols, 40 as artillerymen
in a battery, 140 as provost guard, 43 on other detached service as
clerks, orderlies, Ac; only 321 present with the regiment. Men on
duty every other day; frequently detailed the veiy morning they
were relieved ; many detachments to escort exchanged prisoners. The
sick list ran as high as fifty-two in consequence of the constant duty
and the exposure to winter weather. Average number of prisoners
tmiOK AUtHORITUtt. 665
present aboat 16,000; no escapee reported from guards famished by
the regiment. Since the close of the war the Twentieth has been
divided among various i>osts, performing everjrwhere as much duty
as is ever demanded of able-bodied men.
Twenty-first Regiment, — ^Has performed duty at Trenton, Philadel-
phia, Pittsburg, Baltimore, Washington, Albany, and Indianapolis,
in detachments of one or more companies, guarding camps of rendez-
vous, public property, rebel prisoners, and escorting soldiers of vari-
ous classes to the front. It has had in charge 2,511 stragglers and
deserters, 3,684 drafted men and substitutes, 32,122 recruits, and 6,000
rebel prisoners, being a total of 44,317 men, with 341 escapes. At
camps guarded by this regiment volunteers to the number of 461 offt-
cers and 12,880 men have been mustered out of service.
Twerdy-second Regtment,— On duty by detachments, chiefly in Indi-
ana, but also in Illinois, Ohio, Wisconsin, Connecticut, and Maryland,
guarding camps of rendezvous, military prisons, public stores, and
escorting rebel prisoners, recruits for Uie Union armies, Ac. Con-
scripts forwarded, 15,000; recruits, 13,575; deserters, 1,019; with a
total loss of 28. Rebel prisoners guarded, 23,003; none reported
escaped. Deserters from the draft and persons engaged in resisting
it arrested in Indiana and Illinois. One squad killed a rebel recruit-
ing officer, wounded 1 of his men, and captured 16, with a large
amount of stolen goods, counterfeit money, and arms.
Tweniy-third Regiment. — ^Duty in Wisconsin, Minnesota, Missouri,
Kentucky, and Iowa. Company A has escorted over 500 men for
the Army, losing so far as known but 5. Company B has escorted
500 rebel prisoners and over 3,000 recruits, deserters, &c., with no
escapes to report. The train from Louisville to Lebanon repeatedly
attacked by guerrillas; was successfully defeated by a detachment
of this company. The company defeated one band of bushwhackers,
killing its leader, Captain Mitchell, wounding several of his followers,
and capturing 10 horses, with a loss to the company of 2 men wounded.
Twenty-three men of the company routed a band of 48 guerrillas,
killing and wounding 23 men and capturing 26 horses. The Indian
prisoners at Davenport,- Iowa, 500 in number, were guarded by Com-
pany 6. The other comi>anies have performed their full share of
labor in the ordinary duties of the corps.
Twenty-fourth Regiment. — ^In Washington as a part of the garrison
of Washington, x)erforming its full share of duties. No statistical
report.
From the foregoing incomplete report of the services of the First
Battalion during a single year an inference may be drawn as to the
services of the entire corps during the entire period of its existence.
It should be considered that the latter six months of the year in
question have been a period of peace, no troops being forwarded to
the front and few prisoners remaining on hand to be guarded, while
the numerical strength of the organization has diminished from
28,738 to less than 8,000. It is believed that an equal number of
able-bodied volunteers could not have performed the garrison, pro-
vost, and hospital duties of the Army more thoroughly than they
have been performed by this body of invalids. In economy, both of
men and money, the advantage of the Veteran Reserve Corps to the
country has been enormous and obvious. To employ an invalid at
$13 a month, with rations and clothing, obtaining from him the serv-
ice of a healthy man, is certainly better than to pension him at $8 a
month, receiving no return whatever, and hiring an able-bodied man
566 COBBESPONBENCEy ETC.
to fill his place at the oost of pay, rations, dothing, and enonnous
bounties. It must be remembered that the yeterans who were
enlisted or re-enlisted into the corps receiyed no Goyemment boun-
ties whateyer.
Numerical chanffea— third official yeaar.
Aggregate of corps October 1, 1804 87,974
Qmi of Second &ttalion from Octoberl, 1864, to October 1,1865.. 6,668
EnHflted men—
Tranoferred 9,180
Ee-enlirted 965
Recruited 488
Betomed from desertion ^ 85
17,186
45,160
Net loss of tmassiffned detacbment 1,886
Second Battalion Toss up to assignment to Snrgeon-Genend 8, 196
Enlisted men dischargea—
By expiration of term 8,478
For disability 9,868
By Circnlar 65, AdjotantOeneral's Office, 1884 198
By General Orders, No. 116, Adjntant-Qenerars Office, 1865... 18,858
Fbr purpose of re-enlisting 408
For other causes 1,490
Number enlisted men deserted 984
Number enlisted men died 851
Second Battalion turned over to the Su^^ecn-General 8,687
80,788
Number enlisted remaining October 1,1865 5,487
Numerical ehangea in the Veteran Beeerve Corpe from its arganizaiion to Sep-
temberSOylses,
ESnlisted men—
Transferred 45,087
Enlisted 5,875
Re-enlisted^
FirstBattaUon - 8,088
Second Battalion 461
Returned from desertion 85
Second Battalion gain from October 1, 1864, to October 1, 1865 6,668
60,608
Second Battalion loss from October 1, 1864, up to assignment to
Surgeon-C^eral 8,196
Enlisted men discharged—
For disability-
First Battalion 8,565
Second Battalion 1,474
Expiration of term —
First Battalion 7,048
Second BattaUon 8,886
Dishonorabiy 86
By Circular 65, Adjutant-Qeneral's Office, 1864—
FirstBattaUon 960
Second Battalion 886
By General Orders, No, 116, Adjutant-General's Office, 1865... 18,858
Tore-enlist—
FirstBattaUon 8,500
Second BattaUon 461
To enlist as hospital stewards 80
For promotion 48
By orders Adjutant-General's Office 64
For other causes 1,684
UNION AUTHORITIES. 567
Men of the Begolar Army retransf erred 29
Men of the volunteer force—-
Retransf erred as fit for field dnty 877
Betransferred to he tried f or deaertion 71
Not proper subjects for the corps 567
Enlisted men deserted—
PirstBattaHon 611
Second BattaUon 840
Enlisted men died—
First Battalion 751
Second Battalion 266
Net loss of Second Battalion from October 1,1864, to October 1,1865. 1,228
Second Battalion turned over to Snrgeon-General 8,687
55,081
Enlisted men remaining in corps October 1, 1865 5,427
Numerical ehanges in offlcen of tJie Veteran Reserve Corps sinee its orffanixation.
Officers appointed 1,086
Biestored from dismissal 1
Betransferred from Snrgeon-G^eneral 59
1,096
Declined to accept appointments 15
A )pointments revoked 29
Resitted 181
Dismissed the service 87
Honorably discharged 15
Deceased 15
Cashiered 4
Mustered ont 4
Acceptance withdra^ni 1
Dropped from rolls 1
Turned over to the Surgeon-€^eneral 186
488
Total oflBoers, October 1, 1865 (Pirst BattaUon) 658
PBBSONAL CHANGES IN THE OFFICE.
At the commencement of the official year, November 1, 1864, the
personal force of the office consisted of six officers and fifty-two clerks.
In consequence of the economical measures heretofore mentioned,
and of the diminution in the numbers of the corps, this force has
decreased until it now amounts to one officer and nine clerks.
Col. M. N. Wisewell, Veteran Reserve Corps, was relieved from duty
as chief of the Bureau on the 20th of December, 1864. Capt. James
McMillan, of the Second Regiment U. S. Infantry, sulwequently
appointed brevet major, replaced him, and held the position until
October 2, 1865, since which the undersigned has been in charge.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. W. DE FOREST,
Capty Veteran Reserve Corps ^ and Actg. Asst Adjutant-OenercH.
568 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
CmcuiiAR) War Dept., Adjutant-General's Office,
No, 53. J WaahingUm^ December i, 1865.
I. Enlisted men of the Veteran Reserve Corps within the respectivB
military departments who have, under General Orders, No. 155, cur-
rent series, from this office, elected to remain in service will be con-
solidated, under the orders of the respective department commanders,
into as many companies of the maximum strength as the number will
permit, and complete muster and descriptive rolls thereof forwarded
to this office wiUi a view to their numerical designation ad "Inde-
pendent companies, Veteran Reserve Corps." To enable the consoli-
dation to be made, chief mustering officers of States will report the
enlisted men who may be serving under their control to the department
commander.
II. Whenever regimental and company organizations of the Vet-
eran Reserve Corps are broken up by the operation of Greneral
Orders, Nos. 155 and 165, current series, from this office, regimental
and company commanders will look to the prompt completion of
existing records, and cause the same to be forwanled to this office.
Further returns and records will not be thereafter required, and their
rendition will be discontinued accordingly.
Regimental and company funds will be transferred to the nearest
officer of the Subsistence Department, and returns thereof rendered
as required by the Army Regulations.
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adljutant-ChnerctL
Washington, December 4, 1865.
FELLOW-CmZENS OF THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF RBPRESBNTATTVES:
To express gratitude to Gk)d, in the name of the people, for the
preservation of the United States is my first duty in addressing you.
Our thoughts next revert to the death of the late President by an act
of i>arricidal treason. The grief of the nation is still fresh; it finds
some solace in the consideration that he lived to enjoy the hi^est
proof of its confidence, by entering on the renewed term of the Chief
Magistracy to which he had been elected; that he brought the civil
war substantially to a close; that his loss was deplored in all parts of
the Union; and that foreign nations have rendered justice to his
memory. His removal cast ux)on me a heavier weight of cares than
ever devolved upon any one of his predecessors. To fulfill my trust
I need the support and confidence of all who are associated with me
in the various departments of the Grovemment, and the support and
confidence of the people. There is but one way in which I can hope
to gain their necessary aid: It is, to state with frankness, the prin-
ciples which guide my conduct, and their application to the present
state of affairs, well aware that the efficiency of my labors will in a
great measure depend on your and their undivided approbation.
The Union of the United States of America was intended by its
authors to last as long as the States themselves shall last. ''The
Union shall be perpetual," are the words of the Confederation. "To
form a more perfect Union," by an ordinance of the people of the
United States, is the declared puriK>se of the Constitution. The hand
of Divine Providence was never more plainly visible in the affairs of
men than in the framing and the adopting of that instrument. It is,
beyond comparison, the greatest event in American history; and,
UNION AUTHORITIES. 569
indeed, is it not of all events in modem times the most pregnant with
consequences for every people of the earth? The members of the
convention which prepared it brought to their work the exx>erience
of the Confederation, of their several States, and of other republican
governments, old and new; but they needed and they obtained a
wisdom sujwrior to experience. And when, for its validity, it required
the approval of a people that occupied a large part of a continent and
acted separately in many distinct conventions, what is more wonder-
ful than that after earnest contention and long discussion all feelings
and all opinions were ultimately drawn in one way to its support?
The Constitution to which life was thus imparted contains within
itself ample resources for its own preservation. It has power to
enforce the laws, punish treason, and insure domestic tranquillity.
In case of the usurpation of the government of a State by one man,
or an oligarchy, it becomes a duty of the United States to make good
the guaranty to that State of a republican form of government, and
so to maintain the homogeneousness of all. Does the lapse of time
reveal defects? A simple mode of amendment is provided in the
Constitution itself, so that its conditions can always be made to con-
form to the requirements of advancing civilization. No room is
allowed even for the thought of a possibility of its coming to an end.
And these powers of self-preservation have always been asserted in
their complete integrity by every patriotic Chief Magistrate — ^by
Jefferson and Jackson, not less than by Washington and Madison.
The parting advice of the Father of his Country, while yet President,
to the people of the United States, was that '^the free Constitution,
which was the work of their hands, might be sacredly maintained;"
and the inaugural words of President Jefferson held up "the preser-
vation of the General Government in its constitutional vigor as the
sheet anchor of our peace at home and safety abroad." The Consti-
tution is the work of " the people of the United States," and it should
be as indestructible as the people.
It is not strange that the framers of the Constitution, which had
no model in the past, should not have fully comprehended the excel-
lence of their own work. Fresh from a struggle against arbitrary
power, many patriots suffered from harassing fears of an absorption
of the State governments by the General Government, and many
from a dread that the States would break away from their orbits.
But the very greatness of our country should allay the apprehension
of encroachments by the General Government. The subjects that
come unquestionably within its jurisdiction are so numerous that it
must ever naturally refuse to be embarrassed by questions that lie
beyond it. Were it otherwise the Executive would sink beneath the
burden, the channels of justice would be choked, legislation would
be obstructed by excess, so that there is a greater temptation to exer-
cise some of the functions of the General Government through the
States than to trespass on their rightful sphere. "The absolute
acquiescence in the decisions of the majority" was at the beginning
of the century enforced by Jefferson "as the vital principle of repub-
lics," and the events of the last four years have established, we will
hopie forever, that there lies no appeal to force.
The maintenance of the Union brings with it "the support of the
State governments in all their rights;" but it is not one of the rights
of any State government to renounce its own place in the Union or
to nullify the laws of the Union. The largest liberty is to be main-
tained in the discussion of the acts of the Federal Government; but
570 COBBESPONDBNCEy ETC.
there is no appeal from its laws, exoept to the various branches of
that Grovemment itself, or to the people, who grant to the members of
the legislative and of the executive departments no tenure but a
limited one, and in that manner always retain the powers of redress.
''The sovereignty of the State" is the language of the Confederacy
and not the language of the Constitution. The latter contains the
emphatic words:
The CoxiBtitation and the laws of the United States which shall be made in
porsnanoe thereof, and all treaties made or which shall be made under the
authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land, and the
judges in every State shall be bonnd thereby, anything in the constitution or
laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.
Certainly the Grovemment of the United States is a limited govern-
ment, and so is every State government a limited government. With
us this idea of limitation spreads through every form of administra-
tion, general, State, and municipal, and rests on the great distin-
guishing principle of the recognition of the rights of man. The
ancient republics absorbed the individual in the State, prescribed his
religion, and controlled his activity. The American system rests on
the assertion of the equal right of every man to life, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness; to freedom of conscience; to the culture and
exercise of all his faculties. As a consequence, the State government is
limited as to the General Government in the interest of union, as to
the individual citizen in the interest of freedom.
States, with proper limitations of power, are essential to the exist-
ence of the Constitution of the United States. At the very com-
mencement, when we assumed a place among the powers of the earth,
the Declaration of Independence was adopted by States; so also were
the Articles of Confederation; and when "the people of the United
States" ordained and established the Constitution it was the assent
of the States, one by one, which gave it vitality. In the event, too,
of any amendment to the Constitution, the proposition of Congress
needs the confirmation of States. Without States one great branch
of the legislative government would be wanting. And if we look
beyond the letter of the Constitution to the character of our country,
its capacity for comprehending within its jurisdiction a vast conti-
nental empire is due to the system of States. The best security for
the perpetual existence of the States is the "supreme authority" of
the Constitution of the United States. The perjwtuity of the Consti-
tution brings with it the perpetuity of the States. Their mutual
relation makes us what we are, and in our political system their con-
nection is indissoluble. The whole cannot exist without the parts,
nor the parts without the whole. So long as the Constitution of the
United States endures the States will endure. The destruction of
the one is the destruction of the other. The preservation of the one
is the preservation of the other.
I have thus explained my views of the mutual relations of the Con-
stitution and the States because they unfold the principles on which
I have sought to solve the momentous questions and overcome the
appalling difficulties that met me at the very commencement of my
administration. It has been my steadfast object to escape from the
sway of momentary passions, and to derive a healing policy from the
fundamental and unchanging principles of the Constitution.
I found the States suffering from the effects of a civil war. Resist-
ance to the General Government appeared to have exhausted itself.
The United States had recovered possession of their forts and araenalSi
UHION AUTHORITIES. 571
and their armies were in the oocupation of eyeiy State which had
attempted to secede. Whether the territory within the limits of those
States sJionld be held as conquered territory, under military authority
emanating from the President as the head of the Army, was the first
question that presented itself for decision.
Now, military governments, established for an indefinite period,
would have offered no security for the early suppression of discontent,
would have divided the people into the vanquishers and the van-
quished, and would have envenomed hatred rather than have restored
affection. Once established, no precise limit to their continuance
was conceivable. They would have occasioned an incalculable and
exhausting expense. Peaceful emigration to and from that portion
of the country is one of the best means that can be thought of for the
restoration of harmony, and that emigration would have been. pre-
vented; for what emigrant from abroad — ^what industrious citizen at
home — ^would place himself willingly under military rule? The chief
persons who would have followed in the train of the army would have
been dependents on the General Government, or men who expected
profit from the miseries of their erring fellow-citizens. The powers
of patronage and rule which would have been exercised, under the
President, over a vast, and populous, and naturally wealthy region,
are greater than, unless under extreme necessity, I should be willing
to intrust to any one man ; they are such as, for myself, I could never,
unless on occasions of great emergency, consent to exercise. The will-
ful use of such powers, if continued through a period of years, would
have endangered the purity of the general administration and tJie
liberties of the States which remained loyal.
Besides, the policy of military rule over a conquered territory would
have implied that the States whose inhabitants may have taken part
in the rebellion had, by the act of those inhabitants, ceased to exist.
But the true theory is that all pretended acts of secession were, from
the beginning, null and void. The States cannot commit treason, nor
screen the individual citizens who may have committed treason, any
more than they can make valid treaties or engage in lawful com-
merce with any foreign power. The States attempting to secede
placed themselves in a condition where their vitali^ was impaired,
but not extinguished — their functions suspended, but not destroyed.
But if any State neglects or refuses to perform its ofUces, there is
the more need that the General Government should maintain all its
authority, and, as soOn as practicable, resume the exercise of all its
functions. On this principle I have acted, and have gradually and
quietly, and by almost imperceptible steps, sought to restore the
rightful energy of the General Government and of the States. To
tlmt end provisional Grovemors have been appointed for the States,
conventions called. Governors elected. Legislatures assembled, and
Senators and Representatives chosen to the Ck>ngre6s of the United
States. At the same time the courts of the United States, as far as
could be done, have been reopened, so that the laws of the United
States may be enforced through their agency. The blockade has
been removed and the custom-houses re-establiished in x)orts of entry,
so that the revenue of the United States may be collected. The Post-
Office Department renews its ceaseless activity, and the General Gov-
ernment is thereby enabled to communicate promptly with its ofGicers
and agents. The courts bring security to persons and property; the
opening of the ports invite the restoration of industry and commerce;
572 0OBlt£8tK)KD£KCfe, EtC.
the poflt-offioe renews the faoilities of social interootirse and of busi-
ness. And is it not happy for ns all that the restoration of each one
of these functions of the General Government brings with it a blessing
to the States over which they are extended ? Is it not a sore promise
of harmony and renewed attachment to the Union that, after all that
has happened, the return of the General Government is known only
as a beneficence?
I know very well that this policy is attended with some risk; that
for its success it requires at least the acquiescence of the States which
it concerns; that it implies an invitation to those States, by renewing
their lUleglance to the United States, to resume their functions as
States of the Union. But it is a risk that must be taken; in the
tshoice of difficulties it is the smallest risk; and to diminish, and, if
possible, to remove all danger, I have felt it incumbent on me to
assert one other power of the General Government— the power of
I>ardon. As no State can throw a defense over the crime of treason,
the power of pardon is exclusively vested in the Executive govern-
ment of the United States. In exercising that power I have taken
every precaution to connect it with the clearest recognition of the
binding force of the laws of the United States, and an unqualified
acknowled^ent of the great social change of condition in regard to
slavery which has grown out of the war.
The next step which I have taken to restore the constitutional rela-
tions of the States has been an invitation to them to iMurticipate in the
high office of amending the Constitution. Every patriot must wish
for a general amnesty at the earliest epoch consistent with public
safety. For this great end there is need of a concurrence of fdl
opinions and the spirit of mutual conciliation. All parties in the
late terrible conflict must work together in harmony. It is not too
much to ask, in the name of the whole people, that on the one side
the plan of restoration shall proceed in conformity with a willingness
to cast the disorders of the past into oblivion; and that, on the other,
the evidence of sincerity in die future maintenance of the Union shall
be put beyond any doubt by the ratification of the proi)Osed amend-
ment to the Constitution, which provides for the abolition of slaveiy
forever within the limits of our country. So long as the adoption of
this amendment is delayed, so long will doubt and jealousy and
uncertainty prevail This is the measure which will eflEace the sad
memory of tiie past; this is the measure which will most certainly
ci^ population and capital and security to those parts of the Union
that need them most. Indeed, it is not too much to ask of the States
whidi are now resuming tiieir places in the family of the Union to
give this pledge of perpetual loyalty and peace. Until it is done, the
past, however much we may desire it, will not be forgotten. The
adoption of the amendment reunites us beyond all power of disrup-
tion. It heals the wound that is still imperfectly closed; it removes
slavery, the element which has so long perplexed and divided the
countiy; it makes of us once more a united people, renewed and
strenguiened, bound more than ever to mutual affection and support.
The amendment to the Constitution being adopted, it would remain
for the States whose powers have been so long in abeyance to
resume their places in the two branches of the National Legislature,
and thereby complete the work of restoration. Here it is for you,
fellow-dtijEens of the Seoiate, and for you, fellow-citizens of the
House of Representatives, to judge, each of you for yourselves, of the
elections, returns, and qualifications of your own members.
UNIOH AUTHOBITIEB. 673
The full assertion of the powers of the General Qovemment
requires the holding of circuit courts of the United States within the
districts where their authority has been interrupted. In the present
posture of our public affairs strong objections have been urged to
holding those courts in any of the States where the rebellion has
existed; and it was ascertained by inquiry that the circuit court of
the Unit<ed States would not be held within the district of Virginia
during the autumn or early winter, nor until Congress should have
''an opportunity to consider and act on the whole subject." To
your deliberations the restoration of this branch of the civil author-
ity of the United States is, therefore, necessarily referred, with the
hope that early provision will be made for the resumption of all its
functions. It is manifest that treason, most flagrant in character,
has been committ'ed. Persons who are charged with its commission
should have fair and imx>artial trials in the highest civil tribunals of
the country, in order that the Constitution and the laws may be
fully vindicated; the truth clearly established and affirmed that
treason is a crime; that traitors should be punished and the offense
made infamous; and, at the same time, that the question may be
judicially settled, finally and forever, that no State, of its own will,
has the right to renounce its place in the Union.
The relations of the General Government toward the 4,000,000 of
inhabitants whom the war has called into freedom have engaged my
most serious consideration. On the propriety of attempting to make
the f reedmen electors by the proclamation of the Executive I took
for my counsel the Constitution itself, the interpretations of that
instrument by its authors and their contemporaries, and recent legis-
lation by Congress. When at the first movement toward independ-
ence the Congress of the United States instructed the several States
to institute governments of their own, they left each State to decide
for itself the conditions for the enjoyment of the elective franchise.
During the period of the Confederacy there continued to exist a
very great diversity in the qualifications of electors in the several
States; and even within a State a distinction of qualifications pre-
vailed with regard to the officers who were to be chosen. The Con-
stitution of the United States recognizes these diversities when it
enjoins that, in the choice of members of the House of Representa-
tives of the United States, '^ the electors in each State shall have the
qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of
the State Legislature." After the formation of the Constitution it
remained, as before, the uniform usage for each State to enlarge the
body of its electors according to its own judgment; and under this
system one State after another has proceeded to increase the num-
ber of its electors until now universal suffrage, or something very
near it, is the general rule. So fixed was this reservation of power
in the habits of the people, and so unquestioned has been the inter-
pretation of the Constitution, that during the civil war the late
Pi-esident never harbored the purpose— certainly never avowed the
purpose— of disregarding it; and in the acts of Congress during that
X>eriod nothing can be found which during the continuance of hos-
tilities, much less after their close, would have sanctioned any
departure by the Executive from a policy which has so uniformly
obtained. Moreover, a concession of the elective franchise to the
freed men, by act of the President of the United States, must have
been extended to all colored men, wherever found, and so must have
574 OOBEBSPONDEKCS, STO.
eBtablished a change of suffrage in the Northern, Middle, and West-
em States, not less than in the Sonthem and Sonthwestem. Such an
act would have created a new class of voters, and would have been
an assumption of power by the President which nothing in the Con-
stitution or laws of the United States would have warranted.
On the other hand, every danger of conflict is avoided when the
settlement of the question is referred to the several States. They
can, each for itself, decide on the measure, and whether it is to be
adopted at once and absolutely, or introduced gradually and with
conditions. In my judgment, the freedmen, if they show patience
and manly virtues, will sooner obtain a participation in the elective
franchise through the States than through the General Government,
even if it had power to intervene. When the tumult of emotions that
have been raised by the suddenness of the social change shall have
subsided it may prove that they will receive the kindest usage from
some of those on whom they have heretofore most closely depended.
But while I have no doubt that now, after the close of the war, it
is not competent for the General Government to extend the elective
franchise in the several States, it is equally clear that good faith
requires the security of the freedmen in their liberty and their prop-
erty, their right to labor, and their right to claim the just return of
their labor. I cannot too strongly urge a disjMtfsionate treatment of
this subject, which should be carefully kept aloof from all party
strife. We must equally avoid hasty assumptions of any natural
impossibility for the two races to live side by side in a state of mutual
benefit and good will. The experiment involves us in no inconsist-
ency; let us, then, go on and make that experiment in good faith,
and not be too easily disheartened. The country is in need of labor,
and the freedmen are in need of employment, culture, and protection.
While their right of voluntary migration and expatriation is not to
be questioned, I would not advise their forced removal and coloniza-
tion. Let us rather encourage them to honorable and useful indnstiy,
where it may be beneficial to themselves and to the country, and
instead of hasty anticipations of the certainty of failure, let there be
nothing wanting to the fair trial of the experiment. The change in
their condition is the substitution of labor by contract for the status
of slavery. The f reedman cannot fairly be accused of unwillingness
to work so long as a doubt remains about his freedom of dioice in his
pursuits and the certainty of his recovering his stipulated wages. In
this the interests of the employer and the employed coincide. The
employer desires in his workmen spirit and alacrity, and these can be
permanently secured in no other way. And if the one ought to be
able to enforce the contract so ought the other. The public interest
will be best promoted if the several States will provide adequate pro-
tection and remedies for the freedmen. Until this is in some way
accomplished there is no chance for the advantageous use of their
labor, and the blame of ill success will not rest on them.
I know that sincere philanthropy is earnest for the immediate
realization of its remotest aims; but time is always an element in
reform. It is one of the greatest acts on record to have brought
4,000,000 of people into freedom. The career of free indmSry
must be fairly open^ to them, and then their future prosperity mod
condition must, afu. all, rest mainly on themselves. If tbej fUl,
and so perish away, .et us be careful that Uie failure shall not be
attributable to any cenial of justice. In all that relates to the des-
tiny of the freedmen we need not be too anxious to read the fatore;
UKION AUTHORITIES. 575
many incidents which, from a speculative point of view, might raise
alarm wiQl quietly settle themselves. Now that slavery is at an end,
or near its end, the greatness of its evil in the point of view of public
economy becomes more and more apparent. Slavery was essentially
a monopoly of labor, and as such locked the States where it prevailed
against the incoming of free industry. Where labor was the property
of the capitalist the wnite man was excluded from employment, or
had but the second best chance of finding it, and the foreign emi-
grant turned away from the region where his condition would be so
precarious. With the destruction of the monopoly free labor will
hasten from all parts of the civilized world to assist in developing
various and immeasurable resources which have hitherto lain dor-
mant. The eight or nine States nearest the Gulf of Mexico have a
soil of exuberant fertility, a climate friendly to long life, and can
sustain a denser population than is found as yet in any part of our
country. And the future influx of population to them will be mainly
from the North or from the most cultivated nations in Europe. From
the sufferings that have attended them during our late struggle let
us look away to the future, which is sure to be laden for them with
greater pros];>erity than has ever before been known. The removal
of tiie monopoly of slave labor is a pledge that those regions will be
peopled by a numerous and enterprising population, which will vie
with any in the Union in compactness, inventive genius, wealth, and
industry.
Our Government springs from and was made for the people — not
the people for the Government. To them it owes allegiance; from
them it must derive its courage, strength, and wisdom. But while the
Government is thus bound to defer to the people, from whom it
derives its existence, it should, from the very consideration of its
origin, be strong in its power of resistance to the establishment of
inequalities. Monopolies, perpetuities, and class legislation are con-
trary to the genius of free government, and ought not to be allowed.
Here there is no room for favored classes or monopolies; the principle
of our €k)vemment is that of equal laws and freedom of industry.
Wherever monopoly attains a foothold it is sure to be a source of
danger, discord, and trouble. We shall but fulfill our duties as
legislators by according ''equal and exact justice to all men," special
privileges to none. The Government is subordinate to the people;
but, as the agent and representative of the people, it must be held
superior to monopolies, which, in themselves, ought never to be
granted, and which, where they exist, must be subordinate and yield
U> the Government.
The Constitution confers on Congress the right to regulate com-
merce among the several States. It is of the &Bt necessity, for the
maintenance of the Union, that that commerce should be free and
unobstructed. No State can be justified in any device to tax the
transit of travel and commerce between States. The position of many
States is such that if they were allowed to take advantage of it for
purposes of local revenue the commerce between States might be
injuriously burdened, or even virtually prohibited. It is best while
the country is still young, and while the tendency to dangerous
monopolies of this kind is still feeble, to use the power of Congress
so as to prevent any selfish impediment to the free circulation of men
and merchandise. A tax on travel and merchandise in their transit
constitutes one of the worst forms of monopoly, and the evil is increased
if coupled with a denial of the choice of route. When the vast extent
676 COBRESPONDENCEy ETC.
of oar oonntry is oonsideTed it is plain that every obstacle to the free
circnlation of commeroe between the States onght to^ be sternly
guarded against by appropriate legislation within the limits of the
Constitntion.
The report of the Secretary of the Interior explains the condition
of the public lands, the transactions of the Patent Ofice and the
Pension Bureau, the management of our Indian affairs, the progress
made in the construction of the Pacific Railroad, and furnishes infor-
mation in reference to matters of local interest in the District of
Columbia. It also presents evidence of the successful operation of
the homestead act, under the provisions of which 1,160,533 acres of the
public lands were entered during the last fiscal year — ^more than one-
fourth of the whole number of acres sold or otherwise disposed of
during that period. It is estimated that the receipts derived from
this source are sufficient to cover the expenses incident to the survey
and disposal of the lands entered under this act, and that payments
in cash to the extent of from 40 or 50 per cent, will be made by settlers,
who may thus at any time acquire title before the expiration of the
period at which it would otherwise vest. The homestead policy was
established only after long and earnest resistance. £xx>erience proves
its wisdom. The lands in the hands of industrious settlers, whose
labor creates wealth and contributes to the public resources, are
worth more to the United States than if they had been reserved as a
solitude for future purchasers.
The lamentable events of the last four years and the sacrifices
made by the gallant men of our Army and Navy have swelled the
records of the Pension Bureau to an unprecedented extent. On the
30th day of June last the total number of pensioners was 85,986,
requiring for their annual pay, exclusive of expenses, the sum of
$8,023,445. The number of applications that have been allowed since
that date will require a large increase of this amount for the next
fiscal year. The means for the payment of the stipends due under
existing laws to our disabled soldiers and sailors, and to the families
of such as have x>eri8hed in the service of the country, wiU no doubt
be cheerfully and promptly granted. A grateful people will not hesi-
tate to sanction any measures having for their object the relief of
soldiers mutilated and families made fatherless in the efforts to pre-
serve our national existence.
The report of the Postmaster-General presents an encouraging
exhibit of the operations of the Post-Office Department during the
year. The revenues of the past year, from the loyal States idone,
exceeded the maximum annual receipts from all the States previous to
the rebellion in the sum of $6,038,091; and the annual average
increase of revenue during the last four years, compared with ^e
revenues of the four years immediately preceding the rebellion, was
$3,533,845. The revenues of the last fiscal year amounted to
$14,556,158 and the exx>enditures to $13,694,728, leaving a surplus of
receipts over expenditures of $861,430. Progress has been made in
restoring the postal service in the Southern States. The views pre-
sented by the Postmaster-General against the policy of granting sub-
sidies to ocean mail steamship lines upon established routes, and in
favor of continuing the present system, which limits the compensa-
tion for ocean service to the postage earnings, are recommended to
the careful consideration of Congress.
It appears from the report of the Secretary of the Navy that while
at the commencement of the present year there were in commission
UNION AUTHORITIES. 677
530 Yessels of all classes and descriptions, armed with 8,000 gons and
manned by 51,000 men, the number of vessels at present in commis-
sion is 117, with 830 guns and 12,128 men. By this prompt reduction
of the naval forces the expenses of the Government have been largely
diminished, and a number of vessels, purchased for naval purposes
from the merchant marine, have been returned to the peaceful pur^
suits of commerce. Since the suppression of active hostilities our
foreign squadrons have been re-established, and consist of vessels
much more efficient than those employed on similar service previous
to the rebellion. The suggestion for the enlargement of the navy-
yards, and especially for the establishment of one in fresh water, for
iron-clad vessels, is deserving of consideration, as is also the recom-
mendation for a different location and more ample grounds for the
Naval Academy.
In the report of the Secretary of War a general summary is given
of the military campaigns of 1864 and 1865, ending in the suppression
of armed resistance to the national authority in the insurgent States.
The operations of the general administrative bureaus of the War
Depaitment during the past year are detailed, and an estimate made
of the appropriations that will be required for military purposes in the
fiscal year commencing the Ist day of July, 1866. The national mili-
tary force on the 1st day of May, 1865, numbered 1,000,516 men.* It is
proposed to reduce the military establishment to a peace footing,
comprehending 50,000 troops of all arms, organized so as to admit of
an enlargement by filling up the ranks to 82,600, if the circumstances
of the country should require an augmentation of the Army. Ilie
volunteer force has already been reduced by the discharge firom serv-
ice of over 800,000 troops, and the Department is proceeding rapidly
in the work of further reduction. The war estimates are reduced
from $516,240,131 to $33,814,461, which amount, in the opinion of the
Department, is adequate for a peace establislunent. The measures
of retrenchment in each bureau and branch of the service exhibit a
diligent economy worthy of commendation. Reference is also made
in the report to the necessity of providing for a uniform militia system,
and to the propriety of making suitable provision for wounded and
disabled officers and soldiers.
ANDREW JOHNSON.
CmcuiiAB) War Deft., Adjutant-Gsnbral's Officb,
No. 54. ) Waahington^ December 19^ 1866.
YOIiXrNTBBBS (WHITB AND COLORED), INTANTRT, CAVALRY, AND
ARTILLERY, IN VARIOUS MIUTARY DEPARTUBNT&— SERVICES NO
LONGER REQUIRE]>-ORDERED MUSTERED OUT OF SERVICE, XTNDER*
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS, OF DATES SET OPPOSITE THE ORGANIZA-
TIONS, RESPECTIVELY:
I. White troops.
Gmnecticut,~~E\ghth Infantry, November 24, 1865; Eleventh In-
fantry, November 24, 1865.
*Bat see Vol. IV, this Mriee, p. 1288, for statement Bbowiag an aggregate of
1,062,088.
87 R R— SERIES in, VOL V
578 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
JZZtnow.— Thirty-ninth Infantry, November 24, 1865.
Indiana. — One hundred and thirtieth Infantry, November 24, 1865.
New Hwnvpshire, — Second Infantry, November 24, 1865.
New Forfc.— Forty-first Infantry, November 24, 1865; Fifty-fourth
Infantry, November 27, 1865; One hundred and third Infantry,
November 24, 1865.
Ohio. — Sixty-seventh Infantry, November 24, 1865.
Pennsylvania. — ^Forty-seventh Infantry, November 27, 1865; One
hundred and eighty-eighth Infantry, November 24, 1865.
Vermont. — ^Ninth Infantry, November 24, 1865.
Virginia. — First Infantry (Loyal East Virginia, Company A),
November 24, 1865.
IL Ck)lored troops.
United States. — Second Light Artillery (Batteries F and I), December
11, 1865; Second Light Artillery (Batteries C and D), December 13,
1865; FourteenthHeavyArtiUery, November 24, 1865; Third Cavaliy,
December 11, 1865; Eleventh Infantry, December 11, 1865; Twelfth
Infantry, December 11, 1865; Thirteenth Infantry, December 11,
1865; Twenty-first Infantry, December 13, 1865; Thirtieth Infantry,
November 24, 1865; Thirty-third Infantry, December 13, 1865; Thirty-
ninth Infantiy, November 24, 1865; Forty-seventh Infantry, December
13, 1865; Forty-eighth Infantry, December 13, 1865; Fifty-fifth
Infantry, December 13, 1865; Sixty-first Infantry, December 12, 1865;
Sixty-thid Infantry, December 16, 1865; Seventy-sixth Infantry,
December 13, 1865; Seventy-eighth Infantry, December 13, 1865;
Ninety-second Infantry, December 13, 1865; One hundredth Infantry,
December 2, 1865; One hundred and fourth Infantry, December 2,
1865; Onehundredandthirty-sixthlnfantry, December 13, 1865; One
hundred and thirty-seventh Infantry, December 13, 1865 ; One hundred
and thirty-eighth Infantry, December 13, 1865.
Memoranda. — December lly 1866. — Major-General Thomas, com-
manding Military Division of the Tennessee, was ordered to reduce
the aggregate force of white troops in the Departments of Georgia,
Alabama, and Mississippi to 7,000 men, regulars included.
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant- QeneraL
War Department, ADJUTANT-GENERAii's Office,
Washington, December ^i, 1S66.
Hon. Henrt T. Blow, M. C,
Washingtony D. C:
Snt: Referring to your interview of this date with Acting Assistant
Secretary of War, and in connection with letters to you from His
Excellency the Governor and Adjutant-General of Missouri, relative
to the muster out of the remaining organizations of Missouri Volun-
teers, I have the honor to inform you that the exigencies of the serv-
ice have demanded the retention of the said troops in service for a
longer period than was anticipated. In October last it was expected
that all would have been mustered out by the Ist instant. No means
have been spared to hasten the discharges as rapidly as the services
of the troops could be dispensed with, and those yet in service will be
discharged at the earliest date practicable. The public interest, how-
ever, will not permit an order for the discharge of all at the same
time.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 579
At this time it is believed that the Twelfth and Thirteenth Regi-
ments of Cavalry (on the plains) and the Fifteenth Regiment of
Infantry (in Texas) cannot be relieved.
• The attention of Major-General Thomas, commanding Military
Division of the Tennessee, has been invited to yonr request relative
to the Eleventh, Twenty-first, and Forty-ninth Regiments of Infantry,
now serving in the Department of Alabama.
On the 11th instant Qeneral Thomas was ordered to reduce the
aggregate force of white troops in the Departments of Alabama, Mis-
sissippi, and Georgia to 7,000 men, and it is very likely that the mus-
ters out of the Eleventh, Twenty-first, and Forty-ninth Regiments
will fall under that order.
I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
AsststarU Adjutantr Qeneral.
CiBCUiiAB) War Dkpt., Adjutant-Gen]brai.'8 Office,
No. 55. ) WaahingUm, December BB, 1866.
rbgulations and instructions relative to musters out of
officers and ken of the first army corps.
I. Muster out of enlisted men.
Tblbgrax.] War Dbpabtkxnt, Adjutant-Gbnsral's Offick,
WaMnffton, December P, 1866.
Msj. Qen. W. S. Hancock,
Commanding Middle Department^ Baltimore, Md.:
Until further orders the men of the First Armv Corps will be mnstered out as
their tenns of seryioe expire, which is determined by the mnster-in roU, and for-
niahed discharges in the usual maimer by the commissary of musters.
SAMUEL BRECE,
Aesietant Adiiutant-Oeneral.
n. Transportation of enlisted men.
Tblbgrae.] War Departmknt, AnjuTANT-GsNKRAL^i Office,
WaMngton, December 14, 1S66.
Maj. Gton. W. B. Hanoook, U. S. Volnnteers,
Commanding First Army Corps, Baltimore, Md:
Members of the First Army Corps, on being discharged on acconnt of expira-
tion of term, will not receive transportation allowances from the Pay Depart-
ment, bat will be funished with transportation in kind by the Qaartevmaster's
Department to the station of the district provost-marshal who famished trans-
portation to Washington, or a designated State rendesroas, under the regalations
promalgated in Circalar No. 86, series of 1864, from this office.
In all cases qoartermasters famishing transportation will note the fact on the
discharge papers of the soldier.
By oraer <» the Secretary of War:
THOMAS M. VmCBNT,
Assistant Adjutant-Qeneral.
War Dbpabtmxnt, Aujutant-Qbnkral's Office,
Washington, December 16, 1866.
Maj. Cton. W. B. Hancock,
Commanding First Army Corps, Baltimore, Md:
Qsnkbal: Referring to the telegraphic instmctions fttna this ofBce of the 14th
instant, relatiye to tnuisportation of men of the First Corps after their master
oat of seryice, I am directed to inform yon that the eridence as to the '* station
of the district provost-marshal " will be the certificate of the company com-
mander, coantersigned by the mastering officer chaaged with tiie masters oat.
The said certificate, when presented to the qaartermaster famishing tranroor-
tation, will determine the point to which the soldier is entitled to be transpoixed.
I have the honor to remain, very respectfally, yoar obedient servant,
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant Atilfutant-^feneraL
680 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
in. Muster out of commiBsioned officers.
War Depabtmsnt, Aixjutant-Gbnkrai^'s Offics,
Washington, December tl, 1S66.
Kaj. Qen. W. & Hancock, IT. B. Voliinteera,
Commanding First Army Corps, BaUimore^ Md,:
Gbnbeal: Referring to your letter of the 19th ineUmt, relatiYe to snrpliu offl-
cere of the First Army Corps, I have the honor to inform yon that when the dis-
charges fttnn any one regiment shall have reduced it below the minimnm it will
be deprived of its colonel and one assistant sxirgeon. Each company when
reduced below the minimum will be deprived of the second lieutenant.
In reaching the reduced standard as herein fixed the musters out of the oflSbers
will be made by the proper mustering officer immediately upon the reduced con-
dition of the command oe&nf; reached. In addition to the usual muster-out roUs,
please report hj letter to this office the names of the officers mustered out.
When the discharges cause the strength of regiments and companies to fall
much below the minimum, vou are auuorised to exercise your discretion in
ordering the muster out of aoditional officers. Officers not absolutely necessary
to the reduced command should not be retained.
It is proper to add that for the present it is not intended to consolidate the
reduced companies of any one regiment so as to form complete ones. It is
desured that you will present that question for consideration when, in your
opinion, the proper time for consolidation shall have arrived, holding in view the
length of inmviaual enlistments.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Assistant A<^futant'OeneraL
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant AdjiUaTU- General.
General Orders, ) War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 176. J Washingtony December 28, 1866.
{December 1, 186S.^-Bew>king the suspensUmof the privOege of the torit of habeas
corpus in theStaJtes and Territories of the United States, except in certain States
and Territories nanied.)
Bt TRB PRBSIDBNT OF THE UNITED STATES:
A PBOCLAXATION.
Whereas, by the proclamation of the President of the United States of the fif-
teenth day of September, one thousand eight hundred and sixtv-three, the privi>
lege of the writ A habeas corpus was, in certain cases therein set forth, suspended
throughout the United States;
And whereas, the reasons for that suspension may be regarded as having ceased
in some of the States and Territories:
Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United
States, do hereby proclaim and declare that the suspension aforesaid and all other
proclamations and orders suspending the privilege of the writ of habeas oorous
m tiie States and Territories of the United States are revoked and annulled,
excepting as to the States of Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and
Texas, the District oi; Columbia, and the Territories of New Mexico and Arizona.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the
United States to be affixed.
Done at the city of Washiiurton this first day of December, in the vear of our
Lord one thousand eight hunared and sixty-five, and of the ^depenaenoe of the
United States of America the ninetieth.
rue.] ANDREW JOHNSON.
By the President:
WILLLABC H. SEWARD,
Secretary of State,
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant AdjutantrGenerak
mnOH AUTHOBITIK8.
681
PriMd^ogkidUofikB War DtpartmaU and #i bwwnw during fltoyeor 1B66.
[Compltod Cram aOelal reoorda.]
8VGBBTABT OV WAB.
Edwin M. Stanton.
AflBtBTAlIT BBOBBTABT OV WAR.
Charles A. Dana, to Joly 81, 1866.
ADJUTANT-ODrSRAL.
Brig. Gen. Lorenso Thomaa.*
JUDOB-ADVOOATB-ORNBBAL.
Brig. Gton. Jceeph Holt.
CfSFKOTOR-OKinERAL.
Col. Randolph B. Mazey (ienior).
QUARTSBMASTERrOSMSRAL.
Brig. Qen. Montgomery C. Meigs.
or
Brig. Qen. Amos B. Eaton.
Brig. Gen. Joseph K. Barnes.
PATKABTBB-aBNBBAL.
CoL BeojajBin W. Brioe.
OHIBF OV BHOINBBBS.
Brig. Gen. Biohard Delafteld.
OHIEr OF ORDMANCB.
Brig. Qen. AlaTandw B. Dyer.
PBOVOSr-MABSHAIrOBirBBAU
Brig. Qen. James B. Fry.
Office Director and General Manager
Military Railroads United States,
WatihingUm^ FAruary 8, 1866,
Hon. Bdwin M. Stanton,
Secretary of War^ Washmgton^ D. C;
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of operations
of the U. S. Military Railroads for the year ending June 30, 1865.
These operations we oondncted in six different fields, as foUows:
L Virginia.
n. Military Division of the Mississippi
ni. Georgia.
lY. North Carolina.
V. Missouri.
VI. Arkansas.
L^VIRGINIA.
On the 1st day of July, 1864, the military railroad lines in operation
in Virginia were as follows:
» of line.
To-
Lencth.
Atosaadilft nd WuhiiigtoD
Al«suidri% Lovdoan abo Hampthire.
Oiaage ABdf Alexandria
Norfolk and Pecanbnxg
Seaboard and Roanoke
CttT Fotetaad PMenlntrf .
WinokMter and '*^
.....do
Norfolk
Portanontli •.••■.
Clt^ Point
Baiper*8 J'langr -
WadUngton..
VaUaChnroh.
JfOM.
Springfield
do
NearPetacoboxf.
7
10
I
II
17
I
•
TMal..
* On detached seryioe; Ck>l. Edward D. TawDflend in obarge <tf thecffloe.
582 CORBB8PONDENCE, ETC.
During the entire year the Alexandria and Washington line was in
constant and unintermpted use, exoept for three days, from Febmary
18 to 21, 1865, when it was stopped by the falling of a span of Long
Bridge with U. S. military railroad locomotive Charles Minot upon it.
The bridge generally, and the draw span jiarticalarly, being unsafe,
a track was laid on the 20th and 21st of February over the new rail-
road bridge erected across the Potomac by the Alexandria and Wash-
ington Railroad Comx>any, which has since remained in constant use.
The Alexandria, Loudoun and Hampshire Railroad was used to
supply the Convalescent Camp three miles from Alexandria and the
garrisons of some of the forts south of the Potomac; also to partially
supply the quartermaster's department of Washington with fueL
The Orange and Alexandria Railroad was opened from Springfield
to Rappahannock River, fifty miles from Alexandria, between Sep-
tember 28 and October 2, but at once abandoned to Manassas Junction.
It was operated to that point in connection with the Manassas Gap
Railroad until November 10, when it was abandoned beyond Fairfax,
sixteen miles from Alexandria, for the remainder of the year. On
the 27th day of June, 1865, the road was turned over to the Board of
Public Works of Virginia.
The Manassas Gap Railroad was opened from Manassas Junction to
Piedmont, thirty-four miles, between October 3 and 11, 1864, with the
design of continuing it to Front Royal, seventeen miles farther, to sup-
ply General Sheridan's army operating in the Valley of Virginia; but
the line was so infested with guerrillas, and was so imperfectly guarded,
it was found difficult, if not impossible, to operate it, and was there-
fore abandoned. The iron was taken up between October 27 and
November 10 from Piedmont to Manassas Junction, and carried to
Alexandria, from whence it was taken to the Winchester and Potomac
Railroad and used for relaying the track of that line.
The Norfolk and Petersburg and Seaboard and Roanoke lines were
run continually to Suffolk, twenty-three miles from Norfolk, during
the year, for local military purposes.
During the fall and winter of 1864 eighteen miles of new railroad
were built as an extension from the City Point and Petersburg line,
passing around to the south and southwest of the city of Petersbui^.
Upon the surrender of Petersburg and Richmond, early in April,
1865, the Petersburg and Richmond Railroad»was opened to the south
bank of James River, opposite Richmond. The destruction of the
railroad bridge across that river by the retiring rebels prevented run-
ning trains into the city. Upon the surrender of General Lee the
Petersburg and Ljmchburg Railroad was opened to Burkeville, and
shortly after the surrender of the last rebel army under General J. £.
Johnston, the Richmond and Danville Railroad was opened through
to Danville, 140 miles.
The gauge of the Petersburg and Ljmchburg Railroad was origi-
nally five feet, but not having rolling-stock of that gauge on hand,
the gauge was changed to four feet eight and one-half inches, and the
line completed by the Construction Corps from Petersburg to Burke-
ville, fifty-two miles, between April 3 and 11 — eight days.
The Winchester and Potomac Railroad was opened from Harper's
Ferry to Halltown, six miles, between August 14 and 19, and thence
to Stephenson's, twenty-two miles more, from November 2 to 24, 1864,
and was continually used thereafter to supply the army ox>erating in
the Valley of Virginia. The entire track and sidings were relaid and
new bridges built
UNION AUTHORITIES.
683
At the doee of the year, June 30^ 1865, the railroads in use, or that
had been operated within the year in Virginia, were as follows:
The following table exhibits the number of x)er8ons employed upon
the military raUroads of Virginia each month during the year and
the amount paid for their services:
Montlu
Amomit
Jalj
Aofnat
ReptMBlMr
October
NoTflBOsr .............
Daoomber
Jtanarj
FDVnwry
Kuoh...
^::::::::::::::::::
Tot^I
Monthly a;y«ra^
2,10T,42t.ll
175,00.00
n.— lOLITART DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI.
The following table exhibits the lines in operation within this divis-
ion on the 1st day of July, 1864:
Nftineof lino.
Lenctlu
From—
To-
TTMhTllltt and nhAttanmwft
NashTille
Cbntttmoogs
Steyenaon
TenneuoeBlTor..
KnozTfllo
SS.T'^.:::::::
MUm.
in
KMhTllle, Deoatnr and Stev«n«on
do
200
KMhTille^uid NorthwMtera
do
78
OhnttHioogn nad Knozrllle
Ghnttnoogn
do
lU
107
(lV^1^iKl«iMlPiltini
Clervlaxid
Kingston
S7
HomeBnooh
Borne
Gnnd Janetlon ..
LonieTille end
KaehTlUe lUU.
rood depot
17
If MnpM« 4iflid ChnrlMtan
Memphis-
Bly«rL«iding....
SI
LonlvriUe City
t
Total
746
684 COSBBSPOKDENCE, ETC.
NaahvUle and CfhaUanooga Railroad, 161 mUes.
This was the great military thoroughfare over which passed all
supplies for the armies in the Atlanta campaign, over which re-en-
forcements were sent to General Sherman, and by which the largest
number of sick and wounded were sent to the rear. When it first
passed under control of this department it was in a very dilapidated
condition, and its appointments were utterly inadequate for the busi-
ness required to be done on it. For several montli^ trains returning
from the front were sent around by Stevenson and Decatur to Nash-
ville, eighty-seven miles farther, on account of the impossibility of
X>assing them by the Nashville and Chattanooga line.
About 115 miles of main track and sidings were relaid with new iron,
cross-ties, and ballast, and forty-five new water-tanks erected. Long
sidings were laid, capable of holding five to eight heavy freight trains,
at intervals not more than eight miles apart, and telegraph stations
established at most of them. At Nashville some ten miles of sidings
were laid to facilitate handling trains and to store engines and cars
when accumulated there. At Chattanooga about the same length of
sidings was laid.
About September 1, 1864, the rebel General Wheeler destroyed
seven miles of track between Nashville and Murfreesborough, and in
December Hood destroyed 7} miles of track and 530 feet of bridges
between the same stations.
Excepting in these two instances this road suffered very little from
the rebels during the year.
Chattanooga and Atlanta Railroad, 1S6 mUes.
Next in importance as a military line was the railroad from Chatta-
nooga to Atlanta. It was opened through in August, 1864, immedi-
ately after the evacuation of Atlanta by the rebel army. Extensive
repairs were required to the twenty-nine miles of road from Big
Shanty to Atlanta. The most important work was the Chattahoochee
bridge, 780 feet long and 90 feet high, which was completed by the
Construction Corps in four days and a half.
While occupied as a military road this was more infested with
guerrillas than any other line daring the war.
Early in October General Hood made his great raid in rear of
General Sherman's army and destroyed in all 35| miles of track and
455 lineal feet of bridges. In thirteen days after he left trains were
run over the entire road from Chattanooga to Atlanta. Twenty-five
miles of the track and 230 feet of bridges in one stretch between
Tunnel Hill and Resaca were reconstructed in eight days and a half.
When General Sherman left on his march to Savannah in Novem-
ber this road was abandoned between Atlanta and Dal ton, 100 miles;
the track between Atlanta and Etowah River, forty-six miles, was
torn up and destroyed, while between Resaca and Dalton, sixteen
miles, the rails wei*e taken up and carried to Chattanooga.
By order of Major-General Thomas the road was reconstructed
from Dalton to Atlanta between May 10 and July 4, 1865. Sixty-six
miles of track were laid, 36 miles rex>aired, and 3,553 lineal feet of
bridging rebuilt.
Chattanooga and KnoxviUe RaUroad, 112 mUes.
This road was operated with great regularity through the year,
excepting a part of August and through September, 1864, when Gen-
UNIOV AUTH0BITIE8. 585
eral Wheeler tore np and destroyed twenty-five miles of the track. It
was reopened October 1 and not afterward molested by the enemy.
KnoxviUe and Bristol Ime^ 110 mUeSy to Cartet^a Station.
By order of General Thomas repairs were commenced near EInox-
ville March 14, and completed to Carter's Station April 23, 1865.
Twelve miles of track were rebuilt, 94 miles rei>aired, and 4,400 lineal
feet of bridges constructed.
Nashville^ Decain/r and Stevenson line^ 200 miles.
This line was used successfully with no more excitement than
occasional guerrilla raids and attacks until August, 1864, when Gen-
erals Forrest and Wheeler tore up twenty-nine miles and a half of
track and burned several bridges. The track was at once repaired
between Nashville and Pulaski, but between Pulaski and Athens,
Ala., the bridges were not rebuilt nor was the road used until the fol-
lowing February.
During Hood's Nashville campaign in November and December all
the bridges then standing were destroyed between Nashville and
Decatur, on the Tennessee River — some by one army, some by the
other. The work of reconstruction commenced December 19, three
days after the battle of Nashville, and was completed February 10,
1865. In that time 6 miles of track were relaid and 7,055 Imeal
feet of trestle bridges rebuilt, consuming 1,045,675 feet (B. M.) timber.
Near the close of February and again in March most of these
bridges were swept away by extraordiiuuy floods, and were rebuilt —
some of them twice or three times — and at last replaced by perma-
nent truss bridges.
NashviUe and Northwestern line, 78 mUes,
This line while being operated was greatly annoyed by guerrillas
until November 30, when it was abandoned. On the 5th of Novem-
ber General Forrest burnt the buildings at Tennessee River, but did
no further damage at the time. During Hood's occupation of the
country near Nashville, from November 30 to December 16, all the
bridges were destroyed. Repairs were commenced January 2 and
completed Februaiy 13; 2,200 lineal feet of bridging were rebuilt.
In February, March, and April most of these bridges were swept
away by floods, some of them three times. In each case they were
promptly repaired, and in the spring of 1865 were replaced by per-
manent truss bridges.
NashviUe and Clarksville line, 62 miles.
In August, 1864, b3'' order of General Sherman, this road was
repaired and opened in order to furnish another railroad communica-
tion with navigable water for suppl3dng the Nashville depot. Impor-
tant bridges were destroyed by floods at various times and rebuilt,
until in April, 1865, it was abandoned, excepting the twenty-eight
miles nearest Nashville.
686
COBBE8FONDKNCE, ETC.
Memphis and ChofiesUm and Mississippi Central Une,
In West Tennessee and Noith Mississippi the railioad was opened
and abandoned during the year as follows:
Operated to Grand Junction, 52 miles, from Memphis, July 1, 1864.
Opened to Holly Springs, Miss., 75 miles, August 2, 1864.
Opened to Tallahatchie River, 100 miles, August 6, 1864.
Abandoned back to Grand Junction August 18, 1864.
Reopened to Tallahatchie River August 23, 1864.
Abandoned again to Grand Junction August 24, 1864.
Abandoned to White's Station. 10 miles, September 6, 1864.
Abandoned to Memphis October 15, 1864.
Opened to Ck>llierville, 24 miles, December 20, 1864.
Abandoned January 1, 1865.
Reopened to Germantown, 15 miles, February 28, 1865.
Abandoned March 4, 1865.
Reopened to Collierville, 24 miles, March 24, 1865.
Reopened to La Fayette, 32 miles, April 2, 1865.
Reopened to Moscow, 39 miles, May 13, 1865.
Reopened to La Grange, 49 miles, May 14, 1865.
Reopened to Grand Junction, 52 miles, May 20, 1865.
Opened to Pocahontas, 75 miles, June 30, 1865.
Each time the road was abandoned it was badly damaged; bridges,
trestles, and cattle guards were burned and several miles of track
torn up.
MohUe and Ohio line, 26 miles.
That portion of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad between Columbus,
Ky., and Union City, Tenn., twenty-six miles, was reox>ened May
15, 1865, having been abandoned after Forrest's raid in May, 1864,
and not afterward used.
awnmary of distances operated during the year ending June 30, 1866.
I of line.
Tennlnftl •Utlons.
To-
Leagth.
KMhTllle aad ChattaaooM
V«ihTlU«, Daoatnr And SMveoaon .
NMhTille and North W€«t«ni
VMhrUle and ClarluTlUe
ShelbyTllle Bnmob
ChftttMioogm Mid KnoxYllle
deyeUsd Mid Dalton
KnoxT^iUe Mid Bristol
RogenTllle Mid JefTeraon
ChattADooga Mid Atbmta
BomeBiaooh
Atlanta and Maoon
MenipbiaaadCbaiiMton....
MiMlMlpj^ Gentfal
Mdbila and Ohio
LoalsTllle City
KaubviUe
.....do
..-.do
....do
Wartraoe
Chattanooga
ClevelaDd
KnoxTilla
Bnll'nOap
Chattanooga
Klngaton
AtlanU
Memphis
Grand Jnnotlon .
Colnmbna, Ky...
BiTerlianding...
Cbsttaaooga
SteTenson
JohnaoDTille
darkaTiUe
Shelbyrllle
KnorriUe
Dalton
Carter's Station..
Near Bogersrille .
AtlaaU
Boogh and Beady.
FocMiontas
Tallahatohie
RtTer.
Crocketti Tenn...
lovisTille and
KashTille Ball-
Total.
MQm.
ISl
•
113
tl
110
13
IM
17
U
7S
48
um
UNION AUTHOBITIBB. 687
At NaBhville, the headquarters of military railroads in the division,
extensive arrangements were made to repair locomotives and cars,
and do snch otiber indispensable work as could not with safety be
trusted to other hands or sent to other places. Owing to the crowded
state of the city it was necessary to erect quarters for the employes
collected there, numbering several thousand, and to provide hospital
accommodations for them. The table on x>age 17 [593] contains list
of the buildings erected for these purposes.
Large provision was made also at Chattanooga for similar objects.
The general aim was to make Nashville and Chattanooga the points
at which all operations should center, where necessary supplies of iJl
kinds could be procured, repairs of all kinds made, and in case of
destruction to the communications between the two places, operations
could be conducted with equal facility from either iu any direction.
Where buildings and machinery would probably remain permanent
in the event of peace, they were well constructed, in order that they
might be sold to advantage; where they would only be used during
the war, they were built as cheaply as possible.
The transportation performed during the year it is impossible to
state with any accuracy. Supplies were forwarded to the front, or
wherever the armies were operating or troops stationed, upon the
requisition of proper officers, and the quantities thus forwarded can
be approximately stated. It was the duty of this department to do
the transportation only; the cars were loaded and unloaded by
employes of the quartermaster's or other staff department to which
their contents belonged.
Of the great number of troops, of sick and wounded, of contra-
bands, refugees, prisoners, and released rebels, it is imx>ossible to
form an estimate at all approaching correctness. Whole corps, and
even armies, were sometimes moved hundreds of miles in cases of
emergency, and in immediate presence of the enemy, upon the verbal
order of the general-in-chief , and no note taken of numbers of men,
horses, artillery, or other loading. The design and aim was to make
the railroad a transx>ortation machine to aid in working out the com-
binations of the commander of the military division, and it was held
at all times in readiness for that single object.
No record was kept of the contrabands, refugees, and rebel
deserters that i)0ured back in a steady, continuous stream from the
front during the period of active operations. General Sherman
ordered all sent to the rear who could not feed themselves, and they
were placed ux)on the first train going in that direction by post com-
manders and turned adrift on reaching Nashville.
No less than 1,000 per day must have thus traveled for a time, and
it is certainly within bounds to estimate the whole movement, exclu-
sive of troops, sick and wounded, and x>ersons traveling with official
transportation, at 150,000 persons during the year.
Among the great movements may be mentioned that of the Fourth
Corps from Dalton, 6a., to Athens, Ala.; of the Army of the Ohio
from Dalton to Pulaski, Tenn. ; of the Fourth Corps from Athens to
Carter's Station, 352 miles, and from Carter's Station to Nashville,
373 miles. The latter movement employed 1,498 cars.
Two and sometimes three hospital trains were kept running contin-
ually from the extreme front through to Louisville, Ey., the cars and
motive power being furnished by this department for the entire
distance.
688
OOBBBflOPOIIDBNOBy BTO.
The following table shows the qnaotlty of transpoTtatSon sent from
Nashyille ni>on requisitions of the quartennaster's depfurtment only:
VvmbOTofc
I
I
I
II
0
July
oSm
Deoai
Jam
»rtn_
Hsoh
JUM
Total
Mimthly «vnif>
8,108
8.188
1888
8,808
1.871
880
SittO
8.416
1188
1808
1,888
1877
U4
088
l,8i8
IfT
1,061
1,808
1,807
TB8
478
8M
186
788
1,080
1808
1778
61880
4.887
1.880
IMB
1888
1088
1707
1861
1807
»,88l
81888
81884
81684
11888
1»0
11880
11880
17,888
81118
16,480
81,416
11808
HlOO
11807
81180
81460
18B0
17.880
HOBO
81400
11800
81880
81418
88,066
1678
1681
41411
148^ 4781 7881 1617^
118811
881 n6
8160
The f oUowing table exhibits the total moyement of cars at Nash-
Yille Station during the year, exdlading those nsed for local railroad
purxMses:
July
ABfort ,
oSobOT..II.'II!.'.'*.'.'.'.*
y^PTflH WT - I
JtBoacy
y»bnuiT
Ifarah...
^::::::::::::::::::
ta^
Monthly iTcnce
1618
1781
1884
1886
1764
1764
ion
1710
1880
lUO
1118
1487
1408
1T44
1068
1081
1868
1888
1871
1718
1*»
1881
1884
1788
lUl
1686
1448
11866
11888
1876
180
14»
1880
11441
1607
18»
01 467
1464
81688
1646
1601
The foregoing figures will perhaps give some idea of the magnitude
of moyements through this military division.
As an item to show the peculiar hazard attending militaiy railroad
operations, it may be stated that during the last six months of tiie
fiscal year the wrecking train picked up and carried to NasbyiUe
sixteen wrecked engines and 294 car-loads of car-wheels, axles,
bridce-irons, ^c. Most of the wrecks were caused by guerrillas and
rebel raids.
UNIOH AnTHOBinEB.
589
The oost of doing the work and the number of men employed is
shown in the following statement:
Month.
Jaly
Ancnat
Sepismbw
Ootobw
NoTember
December
Jtammjj
Febnury
Maxoh...
45?!::::::::::::::::::
June
Total
Monthly arerage
Nninber
of
11,184
12, M5
14,609
15,283
14, e»
11,094
12,606
18,101
18,487
18,678
18,047
10,688
156,616
13,043
pay>roIla.
8006,660.16
006,889.20
784,228.16
006,098.16
874,184.15
577,143.70
806.188.86
806,723.06
881,527.74
947,479.68
828,16L86
9,866,788.21
779.644.85
Paid for
inaterlala,ai]p-
jdlaa, Ao.
0080,824.48
887,477.97
686»442.72
781,227.39
478,81&87
48,404.06
667.470.58
908.077.78
706^746.82
465,806.62
481,863.40
7,461,090.06
621,757.90
Tdtal.
$1,626,904.66
1,588,817.17
1,419,666.87
1,687,920.64
1,862,602.68
680,647.76
1,868.609.88
1.600.668.87
1.789,606.47
1.654,286.04
1,298*068.47
1,074,917.00
16,816,828.26
1.401,402.85
in. — QBOBOIA.
In December a portion of the Gonstmction GorxMS of the Militaiy
Division of the Mississippi, with some transportation men, were
ordered from Tennessee to Savannah, Ga., to operate snch roads as
General Sherman shonld require.
Before this force reached Savannah General Sherman's army had
left on his march to North Carolina, and the construction force was
turned back from Hilton Head about the Ist of February and sentto
New Berne, N. C,
Eleven miles of the Savannah and Gulf Railroad were operated for
local military purposes and to supply the citizens of Savannah with
fuel; and the tracks and buildings of the Georgia Central Railroad
lying within the city of Savannah were also used.
By an order of the department commander all the railroad property
was turned over to the original owners about the 20th day of June,
18«5.
nr.— NORTH CAROLINA.
The railroad from Morehead City to Batchelder's Creek, forty-four
miles long, was operated by the dex)ot quartermaster at New Berne
until the 1st of February, 1865, but no reports were made to this
office. By order of Lieutenant-General Grant a force was detailed
January 25, 1865, from the Virginia Construction Corps to rebuild the
track, but a few days after they reached the ground a detachment
arrived of the Construction Corps from the Military Division of the
Mississippi.
This detachment had been ordered from Tennessee to Savannah
in anticipation of their services being required on the Georgia and
South Carolina coast, but on reaching Hilton Head they were ordered
to Morehead City, and landed in North Carolina February 5.
As the Union army advanced from the coast the railroad was
repaired, and trains ran to Goldsborough on the 25th of March, the
day after General Sherman's army arrived. Repairs were at once com-
menced on the road between Goldsborough and Wilmington, ninety-
five miles, to provide another line of supplies, and trains commenced
running April 4.
590
OOKBUPONDKNGBi ETC.
On the 10th of April movementB toward the interior were resomed,
and the railroad oi>ened to Raleigh, forty-eight nules from Qolda-
borongh, April 19. Eight miles of tom-np track were rc^d in this
distance.
Yarione repairs were made to other railroads in North Carolina, bnt
shortihjT after the surrender of General Johnston's army the Constrao-
tion Corps was disbanded and the transportation force rednoed to its
minimum.
The total length of railroads opened and used in this department
was as follows:
VMMOfliM.
L«SllL
rra»-
T*-
Atliiitl« and North OanNna .....r
MonbMaclty....
WIlBlllfftffB ......
B
w«SSlJJr;Hwri4^^
B
Vffrth dimlliift
lUMrh, .. . .
Hlllabovmifli.....
n
B«1^£K|IB4 4}MtOB.......
n
Total
^m
In rebuilding and repairing the above lines 33 miles of track were
relaid, and 2,991 lineal feet of bridges built, consuming 779,510 feet
(B. M.) timber.
At Morehead City the Construction Corps built a wharf covering
an area of 53,682 square feet, consuming 700,000 feet (B. M.) timber,
and costing $32,086.
The following table shows the number of persons employed each
month in this department and the amount paid for their services:
HoBth.
Kn-bor
pownw.
ABMBft
pold.
TfAnnarr
1M6.
San
8,aSB
1,«7
#144,754.10
JSSh^:::;;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;:::::.
AuU
nK99^n
^: ::::::::::::: ::;;::
144,087.48
jS:::::::::::"i;;:"::::"-":-^^'^ -^^-:-'-"^""---^
M,U8.7S
Total
It, 186
888,774.06
MOfltlllT •▼««»« r,"
1«^864.81
v..
—MISSOURI.
In October, 1864, orders were received to have the bridges rebuilt
which had been destroyed by the rebels on the main line of the Pacific
Railroad of Missouri and its Southwestern Branch.
This work required the construction of 1,680 lineal feet of truss
bridges, which, with the cost of replacing trestles carried away by
floods and other incidental exx>enses, amounted to $170,564.65.
VI.— ARKANSAS.
The only line used in this department for military purposes was a
portion of the Memphis and Little Bock Railroad between DevaU's
bluff, on White River, and Little Rock, forty-nine miles long.
UNION AUTHORITIEB.
591
It did not come under control of this office until May 1, 1865. At
that time it was in exceedingly very bad order, and required large
expenditures to make it capable of doing the work required of it.
Table, page 18 [593], exhibits the business and expenditures
during the two months of May and June, 1865, together with such
information as could be obtained of previous earnings and exx)enses
before coming under my charge, extending back to September 1, 1864.
Hie total number of miles operated within the year was as follows:
MUoa.
In Virginia 484
In Military Division of the MiMiaBippi 1,079
In North Carolina 308
In Arkanflas 49
Total 1,855
The rolling-stock provided at the beginning of the year was believed
ample for the wants of the service, but when the army of General
Sherman was at Atlanta its full capacity had been reached, allowing
a reasonable margin for casualties occasioned by accident or design.
In October, 1864, information was given that Sherman's army would
march on Augusta, Ga., and depend upon the railroad for supplies.
It was impracticable to accomplish it over the increased length of line
with the rolling-stock then on hand, and to be ready for any service
or contingency thirty-two additional locomotives of five-feet gauge
were ordered from the manufacturers.
The transfer of the Army of the Mississippi to Savannah rendered
these engines unnecessary in the Southwest, but their completion was
hastened, to be prepared to open lines on the Atlantic Coast should
the movement of the armies render it desirable. With the termina-
tion of hostilities no occasion remained for their use in any depart-
ment, and they were sold at public auction.
Of the engines contracted for prior to July 1, 1864, sixty-six of five-
feet gauge were placed ux>on the Nashville Railroad between July 1
and December 31, 1864.
One thousand four hundred and forty-four freight-cars were
delivered upon the same roads during the fiscal year.
Twenty cars were added to the equipment at Memphis.
Two locomotives and thirty cars of five and a half -feet gauge were
built and sent to the Memphis and Little Rock Railroad in Arkansas.
On all the military railroads was employed the following rolling-
stock, including that captured from the enemy and rendered service-
able by repairing or rebuilding:
DiTtoiooorStii^
Locomo-
tiVM.
Cm.
Virgtei*
52
216
21
2
— 230
20
10
081
MilTury DiviAioD of the MiMisdppi:
2,888
200
Memphis
ColombiM
87
Korth Caroliiw.
••SI
ArkanaM ,.. ..
06
Total
880
4.000
The foregoing statement includes only the locomotives and cars
employed in active service, and does not embrace those built in the
fall and winter of 1864, which were never placed upon the military
592 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
railroads owing to the close of the war, but were sabsequently sold at
the points where mannfactnred, or at places where they had been
stored to await events.
Thirty-five locomotives and 492 freight-cars of five-feet gauge were
thus provided for North Carolina and the Military Division of the
Mississippi.
Fifty cars of four feet eight and a half inch-gauge were also pro-
vided for Virginia and North Carolina.
In the Western States ten platform-cars of four feet eight and a
half inch-gauge were purchased and used on the railroad north of the
Ohio River to transport freight-cars of five-feet gauge from the manu-
facturers' works to Louisville, one of which was destroyed by a col-
lision on being thrown from the track.
Summary of ears provided hut not placed in active km.
Five-feet gatige cars 4BB
Four feet eight and a half inch-gauge cars for Virginia and North Csrolina. . 50
Four feet eight and a half inch-gaoge cars for car transportation 10
Total 668
The railroad service during the past year has formed an important
element in the several campaigns, but more esx)ecially was this the
case in supplying the Southwestern army under General Sherman
over the distance of 365 miles from its base of supplies on the Ten-
nessee River to Atlanta, through an enemy's country.
This line, from the very fact of its great length, was imjMrfectly
guarded^ as troops could not be spared from the front for that pur-
pose; this rendered the railroad service one of great risk and hazard,
and at times it was only by the force of military authority that men
could be held to duty. The Government was peculiarly fortunate in
having in its service civilian officers of great nerve, honesty, and
capability, to whom the whole country owes a debt of gratitude.
Among them I take the liberty of naming A. Anderson, chief super-
intendent and engineer; W. W. Wright, chief engineer Military
Division of the Mississippi ; J. J. Moore, general superintendent
and chief engineer railroads in Virginia; W. J. Stevens, general
superintendent U. S. Military Railroads, Division of the Mississippi;
L. H. Eicholtz, acting chief engineer. Military Division of the Mis-
sissippi, during the absence of W. W. Wright in North Carolina;
A. F. Goodhue, engineer and superintendent military railroads West
Tennessee and Arkansas. Also the following commissioned officers:
Capt. F. J. Crilly, assistant quartermaster, Nashville, Tenn., and
Bvt. Col. H. L. Robinson, assistant quartermaster, Washington, D. C.
There never was an order issued to either of these gentlemen by the
commanding generals or myself that was not promptly and energetic-
ally carried out, regardless of personal comfort or safety, and it wa8
this kind of spirit infused into subordinates that enabled us to accom-
plish unprecedented results.
In conclusion, I trust I may be pardoned for stating that without
the most x>erf ect organization and operation of the construction and
transportation departments, added to the loyalty, devotion, and abil-
ity of these gentlemen, to whom the principal active operations were
intrusted, the campaign of Sherman, at least for the time, would
have proved, instead of a triumphant success, a signal failure. The
question resolved itself simply into one of supplies, as it was evident
UNION AUTHOBITIES.
693
his army had the power to overcome the enemy if the necessary
materials conld be forwarded to the front, and not otherwise.
Very respectfully, yonr obedient servant,
D. C. McCALLUM,
Brevet Brigadier- Oeneralj Director and
Oeneral Manager Military Railroads United States.
List of buOdtngt erected at NouhvOU, Tenn., for U. S, Military BaUroad
purpo^.
Kted oriNiildlBC.
1
i
^
^
g
1
&
5
►
jM.
JM.
196
88
80
66
100
48
4M
82
a»
200
40
06
40
00
27
176
88
180
86
706
201
72
40
66
20
00
26
88
18
46
88
77
202
77
128
47
66
88
86
18
U2
47
40
16
36
20
20
14
40
18
60
80
Hflifht.
lUfibioe-sliop
Do
fattam alHtp
Blaokamitli and boikr shop
BonodhofiM
GariMBUrshap
TlBBliop
Copper shop
Stor»-boaM
Do
Hoopltal bailding*
AMWtaBt qaarienMMtar't oflloe
Ofltoe for auditor
Omee for niaatar maehlalal
OfBee for maater oarpentor
PrintiBfE ofBoo ....... ..........^
Maaa-honaeod
Carahope
Haebtne and blaokaaiith abop e.
Maebiao^hop
Boilor room
PatBtabope
Brlek drynonae
Goal bonae
Iron atore-bonae
Ofl-bonaet waate, ico
Coko and aaad bonae
2t
Do.
Do.
latory.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
2atoriea.
Do.
Oatoriea.
latory.
2 atonea.
latorr.
23foei
Do.
17 foot
8 feet.
23 feet
17 feet
Sfeei.
18 foot.
18foet.
latory.
• Feet diameter witb twenty-aeven alalia. b Fitted wifeb bnnka, Ublea, &g.
DKPABTMKNT OF ABKAMSA8.
• Skyligbta.
Statement of the huainess of the Memphis and Little Itock line of U, 8, Military
lUnlroade from S^tember 1, 1364, to June SO, 1866,
Hontb.
Baniinga.
f
I
Freigbt oarzled.
I
1864.
September.
Ortrty....
B^orenber .
Deovnber .
1886.
Jaaqaiy...
Fabmary ..
Marob
^.;:;:::
\
Total
$1,188.66
2.oiaoo
1,887.26
1,870.00
1,879.00
1.710.00
1,872.00
2,677.50
81147.76
8,103.26
#1.028.21
8.800.10
8,900.68
8, 868. 10
8,261.18
2,O0L68
2,700.72
1,874.28
2,480.08
4»406.70
$166l86
166l66
82,168.70
5.810L10
4,008.77
6*836.18
7,828.18
8.720.08
4,832.72
4,461.78
8,744.44
12,878.81
$0,721.06
16,816.72
28,044.24
24,071.88
28,827.16
24,108.10
24,008.74
21.788.61
081,268.08
038,786.78
Poitmb.
PowmU.
PoiMUlt.
6,631,808
8,166,822
288,718
842.086
6, 828. on
8,986,807
28,801.80
81,812.68
838.82
80,747.16
i, 810. 87
13,887,480
1,180.886
14,898,828
aExpendltnreo.
B R-H9BBIB8 m, VOL V
594 correbpondence, etc.
Office Chief Engineer and Gen. Suft.
Military Railroads of Yirqinia,
Alexandria^ Va.^ March i, 1866.
Brig. Gen. D. C. McCallum,
Director and General Manager
Military Railroads United StaieSy Washington^ D. C:
General: I have the honor to submit a report of operations in the
U. S. Military Railroad service, Department of Virginia, from Joly 1,
1865, to February 28, 1866. Daring that time the following roads
have been operated in this department:
Washington and Alexandria; Alexandria, Loudonn and Hampshire;
Soath Side; Richmond and Petersburg and Clover Hill Branch; Rich-
mond and Danville; Winchester and Potomac.
Accompanying this report you will find sundry tabular statements
as follows:
Table No. 1. — Gives a statement of the number of railroads with
their length and number of miles in use July 1, 1865, and date of
transfer.
Table No. 2. — Shows number of persons employed each month from
July 1, 1865, to February 28, 1866.
Table No. 3. — Shows distribution of labor and material from July
1, 1865, to February 28, 1866.
Table No. 4. — Shows amount of material received and used from
July 1, 1865, to February 28, 1866.
Table No. 5. — Shows amount of receipts for passage and freight from
July 1, 1865, to February 28, 1866.
Table No. 6. — Gives estimated value of property on military rail-
roads of Virginia, February 28, 1866.
Table No. 7. — Gives statement of material delivered to railroad
companies for which they have given bonds.
Table No. 8. — Gives statement of engines and cars leased to rail-
road companies from July 1, 1865, to February 28, 1866.
Table No. 9. — Gives number of passengers and troops carried from
July 1, 1865, to February 28, 1866.
The short time these roads were in operation and the small amount
of business done from July 1, 1865, to date of transfer to the original
companies will make but a meager narrative report. I will, however,
proceed to give a statement of operations on each road separately, and
will commence with the
ALEXANDRIA AND WASHINGTON RAILROAD.
An average of three passenger trains each way continued to run over
the road in addition to a large number of freight trains run for the
movement of troops en route home, and hauling wood for use of
Quartermaster's Department. August 3 the following order was
received from you :
Yon will turnover the Washington, G^eorgetown and Alexandria Railroad to
that company in accordance with letter of instmctlons from Qnartermaster-Gen-
eral*8 OflSce, dated Angnst 2, 1865; and also one dated May 19, 1865, copies of
which are herewith inclosed. Mr. Joseph B. Stewart, secretary of said railroad com-
pany, is antiiorized to receive the same.
Agreeably to instructions I notified Mr. Stewart and he assumed
control of the railroad August 8, thus closing my connection with this
road. By your order the new Long Bridge was taken possession of
February 19, 1865, track laid on it» and trains commenced ronning
UNION AUTHORITIES. 596
Febmary 21. The old bridge was abandoned as a railroad bridge,
but we continued to keep it in repair and work the draws for the pas-
sage of boats and travel.
November 14, 1865, 1 reoeiv^ orders from you to turn it over to the
Interior Department, and the transfer was made November 15. The
necessary tools, Ac., for working the draws were turned over with it.
ALKZANDRIA, LOUDOUN AND HAMP8HIRB RAILROAD.
This road was but little used further than running one regular
train daily each way for the accommodation of troops at Vienna and
Convalescent Camp (three miles and a half from Alexandria), and
hauling an occasional train of wood for use of quartermaster's depart-
ment. July 14 the following order was received from you.
Ton will torn over the Loadoim and Hampshire Railroad to Mr. Lewis
McKeude, agent of the Board of PnUio Works of the State of Virginia, who is
duly anthoriced to receive and receipt for the same. No claim upon this road nor
any rights of property which the United States may have acqaired therein during
the coarse of the war will be compromised, nor wfll any questions respecting the
same be considered as afFected by this taming over the road.
Mr. McKenzie not being ready to receive the road at the date above
mentioned, we continued to run it and your instructions were not car-
ried into effect until August 8, 1865, at which time it was turned over.
SOUTH SIDE RAILROAD.
The short time this road was run since date of last report will cause
me to make but a mere mention of operations. We continued to run
the road (from City Point to Burkeville, sixty-two miles), transport-
ing troops en route North from North Carolina, until July 24, 1865. At
this date the road was turned over to the company. The whole force,
with the exception of some sixteen men left to take care of property,
were brought to Alexandria and discharged, and all the propertv
removed from City Point to Alexandria, with the exception of rail-
road iron, lumber, wood, and cross-ties. The railroad iron was sold
at public auction October 11, under the direction of General Robin-
son, assistant quartermaster, and during the month of December the
balance of material was invoiced by him to Captain Barnes, assistant
quartermaster, the officer in charge at City Point. After weighing
and measuring all material and seeing that it was properly received
by the parties who purchased it, our force left for Alexandria and
were discharged January 1, 1866.
RICHMOND AND PHrnSRSBX/RO RAILROAD AND CLOVER HILL BRANCH.
This road not being of any further importance as a military rail-
road, on account of the troops of General Sherman's army leaving the
post at Manchester (opposite Richmond), where they received sup-
plies prior to their march overland to Alexandria and Washington,
and application having been made by Gk>vemor Peirpoint to have the
road transferred to the company, by your order it was turned over
July 3, 1865, and all material, ^c, removed to City Point.
RICHMOND AND DANVILLE RAILROAD.
We continued to run this as a military railroad until July 4, 1865,
at which time it was surrendered to the company. It was used
mainly for furnishing supplies and transporting Sixth Army Corps
696 CORBESPOKDENCE, ETC.
between Danville and Manchester (140 miles) and transporting troops
arriving at Danville from North Carolina for the North by way of
Bnrkeville and City Point. All the rolling-stock nsed by us on this
road was captured. The locomotive engines were eighteen in number
and were turned over to the company with the road. All movable
property belonging to the Government was sent to City Point
Twenty-four new locomotive engines and about 274 new cars (all five-
feet gauge) were stored at Manchester. A force of men were kept in
charge of this rolling-stock until sold by Greneral Robinson, assistant
quartermaster, October 3, 1866.
WmCHESTBR AND POTOMAC RAILROAD.
During the months of July and August this road was kept busy
furnishing supplies and transi>orting troops belonging to General
Hancock's corps. By September 1 most of these troops were sent to
other points or mustered out and nothing was done on the road, with
the exception of running two regular passenger trains daily each way
with mails, an occasional car-load of freight, and Adams Express
business. But few passengers were carried, on account of the termi-
nus of the road being at Stephenson's (four miles from Winchester),
most of the travel going by stage to Martinsburg. This continued
until the transfer of the road. December 15 1 was directed by you to
turn over the road to the company, and notified that the company
would be admitted to the privileges of the Executive order of October
14, 1865. An inventory was taken of all Government property and a
fair valuation placed on it. It was then tendered that company, but
they declined purchasing it, they having arranged with the Baltimore
and Ohio Company to operate the road for them. The transfer of the
road was made January 20, 1866. All rolling-stock, material, ifec,
wero brought to Alexandria, with exception of lumber and wood.
This was invoiced to Major Flagg, post quartermaster at Harper's
Ferry, by General Robinson, assistant quartermaster. The forces on
this road were brought to Alexandria and discharged January 26, 1866.
The large quantity of rolling-stock and other material collected at
Alexandria from the different roads, and the large supply of new
material in the store-house, caused us to keep a large force to protect
and put it in good condition for sale. The first sale took place Octo-
ber 17, 18, and 10, when all the engines and cars then stored at Alex-
andria were sold at prices in most cases far in advance of cost.
Another sale of store-house material took place December 12, 13, and
14, and again January 10, 11, and 12, leaving but a small amount on
hand except the rolling-stock and material brought from Winchester
and Potomac road, which has been advertised to be sold April 10,
1866. Tracks at Point Lookout and Dodge's Wharf, Georgetown,
were taken up, together with portions of the track at Annapolis and
Fortress Monroe, and the iron brought to Alexandria and sold. Please
see tabular statements for further information. This sums up the
report of my operations in the Department of Virginia from July 1,
1865, to February 28, 1866.
Respectfully submitted.
J. J. MOORE,
Chief Engineer and Oen. SupL Mil. Railroads of Virginia.
UNIOH AUTHORITIES.
597
[Table No. 1.]
SOiedule of miUtary raUroada operated in the Department of Virginia from
July i, imy to February t8, 1866,
K4Md.
Vn»i~
To-
LMgth.
Traaafimedu>
company.
WMhiBcloBaBdAlamidriA
Sooth Skle fr.....
BSSfis:.::::
City Point
ICancheater
Atozaadiia...
▼toniia
BnrkoTUla....
CloTorHifi...
DaDTlUe
' JTOm.
.?'
82
21
18
140
28
Riehmond and Petenburg
Clovw Hill Bmsoh T, .'...
lianoheator
Jal74.1886.
January 20, 1888.
WinehMtar and Potomao
[TabloKo.2.]
Number of persons employed each month from JtUy 1, 1866, to Ftbnutry 98, 1866.*
[Table Ko. 8.]
Distribution of labor and material from July i, 1866, to Febrtiary £8, 1866,
Acoonnt.
Labor.
Haterial.
Total.
AfiTanifTfa railroada .,
882.878.62
22.688.00
280.00
80.228.49
28.561.08
825,618.20
8108,89L72
22,688.00
280 00
GitT Point railroada
yorfolk raflnHidff
"*i,*788.*86*
81,025.70
82.012.79
108,478.88
VfrgfniA railroada
Total
188,476.07
108,225.29
2n,700.88
[Table No. 4.]
Amount of material received and used from July 1, 1866, to FAruary 28, 1866,
Month.
On hand.
KeoeiTod.
Uced.
On hand.
Jnly
$887,987.40
18,647.80
810,19L68
181,779.80
88,29L85
8.641.84
4.888.18
7,848.86
Anffnat
October
November
82.88
December.
Janoary »
Vebrnwy r .
8420.191.20
Total
887,987.40
8,810.76
276,888.96
420,191.20
[Table No. 6.1
Receipts for passage and freight from July 1, 1866, to February t8, 1866,
1
£
1
1
1
9
i
PaaMurn
|8,66L94
81589.90
88,168.40
i;4W.08
82,847.25
681.76
82.112.80
893.80
11.708.20
688.52
11.885.05
285.06
1827.66
806.25
820,794.99
7.861.45
Yt^^X
Ttotal
12,241.24
4,825.48
8,179.00
8,008.20
2.850.72 1 1,921.00
1,182.80
28»458.44
* Detailed statement (here omitted) shows aii average total of 4174 persons
employed during the period represented, including chief engineers and general
8oi)erintendent8, superintendents, engineers, clerks, printers, agents and dispatch-
ers, draughtsmen, supervisors, store-keepers, timber inspectors, conductors,
braJcemen, enginemen, firemen, wipers, commissary department, carpenters, car
department, machinists and helpers, blacksmiths and helpers, bdler mflJEers and
helpers, copper and tin smiths, messengers, stationarv engineers, teamsters,
painters, laborers, watchmen, and photographers. The higheflit number employed
(in July, 1805) was 1,860, and the lowest number (in January, 1866) was 75.
598
COBBESPONDENCBy ETC.
[Table Ko. 8.]
Estimaied value of property on military railroads of Virginia Fd)ruary iS, 1866.
liOcomotiye engines |33,000
Box freight-cars 18,650
Flat-cars 3,000
Stock-cars 1,800
Passenger-cars 8,400
President's car 8,000
Hand-cars 800
Stationary engine 800
Pomping engmee 2,400
Iron and ste3 500
Office fumitnre 800
Printing department 1,542
Buildings 10,000
Store-house report 28,872
Total 106,864
[Tmble Ko. 7.]
Material delivered to railroad companies^ for which they have given bond.
July 12, 1886
July 10, 1886
August 15, 1866..
August 17, 1886..
November 1.1886.
December 11, 1866
Do
Janawy6,1866 ..
Orange and Alexandria
Blcbmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac
Petersburg and Weldon
Virginia Central
Wimiington and Weldon
Western North Carolina
Alexandria, Londoun and Hampshire —
*^ Gap
$00,886.74
7,440.27
66,000.00
70. 000. 00
40,000.00
6,082.17
8X58108
4,623.51
846. IS. 65
[Table No. 8.]
Statement of engines and cars leased to railroad companies from July i, ises^ to
Felnmary i8, 1866.
Date.
Bngines.
1
Passenger-cars. ' Freight-oars.
Railroad.
Rate
Total.
Rate
Totel.
Rate
Total.
Grand
total
Orange acd Alexandria.
July
August
September..
October
November . .
$20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
$780.00
2.500.00
8,060.00
2,040.00
1:S
8.50
3.50
$108.50
227.50
402.50
238.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
$1,842.00
3,828.00
6.088.00
4,602.00
864.00
l&OO
1.120.00
2,400.00
1.200.00
$2.7ia50
6,563.50
0,560.50
6,780.00
064.00
Norfolk and Petersburg.
Virginia Central
September..
August
September..
October
August
September..
October
July
August
September..
July
Auirust
September..
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
80.00
1,120.00
2.400.00
1,200.00
80.00
40.00
40.00
660.00
78.00
2,240.00
4,800 00
2,400.00
31 00
Seaboard ^nd Roanoke. .
2.00
2.00
1.00
40.00
2.00
8.00
44.00
&00
124.00
48.00
Richmond and Peters-
580.00
buig.
Soath Side
1.200.00
3.50
94.50
* 'iiioo'
84.00
1,284.50
1.885.00
1,274.00
928.00
720 00
1.200.00
480.00
860.00
i'so"
3.50
3.60
2.00
2.00
2.00
106.00
682.00
484.00
720.00
Alexandria, Washing-
ton and Georgetown.
February...
20.00
160.00
18100
UNION ▲UTHOBITIE& 599
RECAPirULATION.
^»«iidAl«H»drl» «W.S68L60
NorfQk and PMerabarg 7a. 00
TifcliiiA OttBtnl :. 1,440.00
Saftboard and Roftsok* fOO.00
SiehmondandPalacabarg 8,180.60
BoathSida 2,01100
Aiazandria, Waahlngton and Qaorgetown 100.00
Total 42,60.00
[Table No. ».]
Number of pcuBengen and troops earried from July J, 1866^ to Ffhrwiry S8^ 1866.
Alexandria railroads 12»080
Winchester and Potomac Bailroad 41,200
Richmond and Danrille Railroad 2,405
Sonth Side Railroad 18,840
Richmond and Petersburg Railroad 1,808
Total 76,848
War Dept., Provost-MarshaltGenbral's Burkatj,
Washingtcm, D. C, March 17, 1866.
Hon. E. M. Stanton,
Secretary of War:
Sir: The act of Congress creating the office of Provost-Marshal-
General was approved March 3, 1863. I was appointed to it Maroh
17, 1863.
Within a few weeks from that date the net-work of organization
adopted under the law was extended over the loyal States and the
oonnties and towns of the same, and the principal duties of the Bureau,
to wit, the arrest of deserters, the enrollment of the national forces
for draft, and the enlistment of volunteers, had been commenced.
When the Bureau was put in operation the strength of the Army
was deemed inadequate for offensive operations. Nearly 400,000
recruits were required to bring the regiments and companies then in
service up to the legal and necessary standard. Disaster had been
succeeded by inactivity, and the safety of the country depended on
speedy and continued re-enforcement of the Arm}'. The insufficiency
of the S3rstem of recruitment previously pursued had been demon-
strated, and the Army was diminishing by the ordinary casualties of
war, but more rapidly by the expiration of the terms for which the
troops had engag<^ to serve. To meet the emergency a new system of
recruitment was inaugurated. The Greneral Government, through this
Bureau, assumed direct control of the business which had heretofore
been transacted mainly by the State governments. The provost-mar-
shals of the several Congressional districts, aided by a commissioner
and surgeon in each, were made recruiting officers. Springing directly
from the people, and at the same time exercising the authority and
representing the necessities and wishes of the Government, they
reached the masses and were able, without abating the requirements
of the conscription, to promote volunteering and to examine, enlist,
muster, clothe, and forward recruits as fast as they could be obtained.
The quotas of districts and sub-districts were made known, each
locality was advised of the number it was required to furnish, and
that, in the event of failure, the draft would follow.
This system (though administered under difficulties and discourage-
ments further alluded to in the accompanying report) met the wants
600 COBRB8PONDBNCB, BTG.
of the serrioe; reoraits were rapidly obtained by voluntary enlist-
ment or draft, and such strict regard was paid to their physical fit-
ness, before accepting them, as to greatly reduce the enormous loss
on account of discharges for physical disability, which had prevailed
during the first two years of the war.
The following is a condensed summary of the results of the oper-
ations of this Bureau from its organization to the close of the war:
1. By means of a full and exact enrollment of all persons liable to
conscription under the law of March 3, and its amendments, a com-
plete exhibit of the military resources of the loyal States in men was
made, showing an aggregate number of 2,254,063 men, not including
1,000,516 soldiers* actually under arms when hostilities ceased.
2. One million one hundred and twenty thousand six hundred and
twenty-one a men were raised at an average C08t (rnr account of
recruitment exclusive of bounties) of $9.84 per man; while the cost of
recruiting the 1,356,593 raised prior to the organization of the Bureau
was 134.01 per man. A saving of over 70 cents on the dollar in
the cost of raising troops was thus effected under this Bureau, not-
withstanding the increase in the price of subsistence, transportation,
rents, ^c, during the last two years of the war.
3. Seventy-six thousand five hundred and twenty-six deserters were
arrested and returned to the Army.
The vigilance and energy of the officers of the Bureau in this branch
of business put an effectual check to the widespread evil of desertion,
which at one time impaired so seriously the numerical strength and
efficiency of the Army.
4. The quotas of men furnished by the various parts of the country
were equalized, and a proportionate share of military service secured
from each, thus removing the very serious inequality of recruitment
which had arisen during the first two years of the war, and which,
when the Bureau was organized, had become an almost insuperable
obstacle to further progress in raising troops.
5. Records were completed showing minutely the physical con-
dition of 1,014,776 of the men examined, and tables of great scientific
and professional value have been compiled from these data.&
6. The casualties in the entire military force of the Nation during
the war of the rebellion, as shown by the official muster-roUs and
monthly returns, have been compiled, showing, among other items,
5,221 commissioned officers and 90,868 enlisted men killed in action,
or died of wounds while in service; 2,321 commissioned officers and
182,329 enlisted men who died from disease or accident, making an
aggregate of 280,739 officers and men of the Army who lost their
lives in service, c
a This number does not embrace the naval credits allowed under the eighth
section of the act of July 4, 1864, nor credits for drafted men who paid commn-
tation, the recruits for the Regular Army, nor the credits allowed by the
Adjutant-Qeneral subsequent to May 25, 1868, for men raised prior to that date.
OThe results of the earner examination of recruits by the memcal officers of the
Bureau were not obtained in detail.
e These figures have been carefuUy compiled from the complete official file of
muster-rolls and monthly returns, but yet entire accuracy is not claimed for
them, as errors and omissions to some extent, doubtless, prevailed in the rolls and
returns, t Deaths (firom wounds or disease contracted in service) which occurred
after the men left the Army are not included in these figures.
* But see consolidated abstract for April 80, 1866, Vol. IV, this series, p. 1288.
t A compilation made in 1885, with greatly increased data at command, resulted
in the augmentation of the dumber of deaths, from aU causes, to 860,688. See
foot-note (t), pp. 664, 665.
UKION AUTHORITfES. 601
7. The system of recruitment established by the Bnreati under the
laws of Congress, if permanently adopted (with such improvements
as ezi)erience may suggest) will be capable of maintaining the numer-
ical strength and improving the character of the Army in time of
peace, or of promptly and economically rendering available the
national forces to any required extent in time of war.
8. Through the instrumentality of the Bureau there was dissemi-
nated throughout the loyal States a knowledge of the routine of busi-
ness in the various bureaus of the War Department, which was
essential to intelligent and effective co-operation in the recruitment,
through popular effort, of the armies of the Republic.
The extension of the Bureau over the country brought together the
Government and the people by closer ties, nurtured that mutual con-
fidence and reliance through which the civil war was conducted to a
successful termination, and developed a consciousness of national
strength which will promote future peace and prosperity.
9. The results, under the act for enrollment and draft, were attained
without cost to the Government; the Bureau never asked or required
an appropriation of money for these purposes. Twenty-six million
three hundred and sixty-six thousand three hundred and sixteen dol-
lars and seventy-eight cents were raised by its own operations in con-
formity to law. Out of this sum all of the exx)enses of enrollment and
draft and additional ones called for by sx>ecial laws were met. A
balance of no less than $9,390,105.64 remains (January 1, 1866) to the
credit of the Bureau in the Treasury of the United States.
The foundations of the success of the Bureau which I have con-
trolled, under your orders and supervision, have been —
1. The hearty co-operation of the civil officers of the different States,
sustained by the devoted loyalty and earnestness of the masses of the
people.
2. The judicious legislation of Congress.
3. The just, faithful, intelligent, industrious, and unflinching per-
formance of duty on the part of the subordinate officers of the Bureau.
I deem it my duty, as it is my pleasure, to refer by name to the last-
mentioned public servants, whose merits would not otherwise be as
fully known as they deserve.
The officers immediately associated with me in the conduct of the
business and to whom I am particul&rly indebted are the following:
CoL George D. Ruggles, aide-de-camp, assistant adjutant-general,
and brevet brigadier-general, who served as principal assistant to the
Provost-Marshal-General from the organization of the Bureau to
August 16, 1864.
Col. N. L. Jeffries, Veteran Reserve Corps, and brevet brigadier-
general, XT. S. Volunteers, who has served as principal assistant to the
Provost-Marshal-General from August 17, 1864, to the present time.
Maj. Chauncey McKeever, assistant adjutant-general and brevet
brigadier-general, U. S. Army, who served in charge of Deserters'
Branch from April 18, 1863, until August 26, 1863, and in charge of
Mustering and Disbursing Branch from August 26, 1863, until the
present time.
Capt. W. R. Pease, Seventh U. S. Infantry, who served in charge
of Deserters' Branch from August 28, 1863, until April 30, 1864.
Maj. Henry E. Maynadier, Twelfth U. S. Infantry, who served in
cluu^ of the Enrollment Branch from May 19, 1863, until May 20, 1864.
Maj. Theodore A. Dodge, Veteran Reserve Corps, and brevet col-
onel, U. S. Volunteers, who served in charge of the Enrollment Branch
602 CORBB8POKDEKCE, ETC.
from May 20, 1864, until Deoember 5, 1864, and in chaige of the
Deserters' Branch ^om Deoember 5, 1864, nntil the present time.
Maj. George E. Scott, Veteran Reserve Corps, who served in charge
of the Deserters' Branch from May 2, 1864, nntil December 5, 18^
and in charge of the Enrollment Branch from December 5, 1864, nntil
the present time.
Maj. S. F. Chalfin, assistant adjutant-general and brevet colonel,
U. S. Army, who served as chief of the Disbursing Branch of this
Bureau from March 23, 1863, until April 7, 1864.
Maj. George W. Burton, assistant adjutant-general of volunteers,
who served as chief of the Disbursing Branch of this Bureau from
April 7, 1864, until March 8, 1866.
Bvt. Maj. H. R. Rathbone, captain, Twelfth XJ. S. Infantry, and
assistant adjutant^general of volunteers, who has served as chief of
the Disbursing Branch of this Bureau from March 8, 1865, until the
present time.
C3ol. Richard H. Rash, Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry, who served in
charge of the Veteran Reserve Corps Branch from May 23, 1863, until
November 9, 1863.
Col. M. N. Wisewell, Veteran Reserve Corps, who served in charge
of the Veteran Reserve Corps Branch from November 9, 1863, until
Deoember 20, 1864.
Bvt. Maj. James McMillan, captain, Second U. S. Infantry, who
served in charge of the Veteran Reserve Corps Branch from Deoember
20, 1864, until October 2, 1865.
Capt. J. W. De Forest, Veteran Reserve Corps, who has served in
charge of the Veteran Reserve Corps Branch from October 2, 1865,
until the present time.
Bvt. Lieut. Col. J. H. Baxter, surgeon, U. S. Volunteers, who has
served as chief medical of&cer of the Bureau from January 11, 1864,
until the present time.
The of&cers detailed as assistant provost-marshals-general in the
several States deserve, as a class, honorable mention. Their names
are borne on the register, entitled Document 33, appended to this
report.
I ask special attention to the faithful and ef&cient manner in which
the district provost-marshals, commissioners, and surgeons, as a class,
have performed the duties devolving upon them from the commence-
ment of their term of of&ce to the close of the war.
In general these officers were appointed each upon the recommenda-
tion of the representative of his district in Congress. Mostly without
military experience, they undertook the discharge of duties not only
arduous in themselves, but rendered additionally so by the fact that
they were without precedent, as no like service had hitherto been
required of officers of the Government.
In order to perform the duties defined by the enrollment act and the
regulations of this Bureau and others specially assigned to them, they
were obliged to acquaint themselves with the business of the Adjutant-
General's Office, the Quartermaster's, Commissary, and Ordnance
Departments, in the details of clothing, subsisting, arming, and
equipping of conscripts and recruits, and forwarding them to the Army.
Moreover, there was no district in which the Board of Enrollment
was free from the annoyance of evil-disposed persons hostile to the
Government, who were ever ready and willing to embarrass its
oi)erations by stimulating resistance to the draft or discouraging
enlistments.
UHIOK AUTHOBmBS. 603
In some plaoee, where this element seemed likely for a time to pre-
dominate, the fiimnees and energy of these offtoers enforced the law
and oonvinced the seditions that resistance was fntile.
Bnt the healthy influence exercised by them was not confined to
combating and disarming the enemies of the Gk>yemment in their dis-
tricts. It was also manifested in the great moral force exerted by
them and their subordinates throughout the country in maintaining
the national cause and aiding in the formation and dissemination of
a proper public sentiment regarding the recruitment of the loyal
Anny and the prosecution of the struggle for the integrity of the
Union.
The conscription was not presented as a ix>pular measure, but as
one of stem necessity, and it was not to be expected that the offtcers
whose business it was to enforce it could escape the odium cast upon
it by its opi)Osers.
It was difficult to convince the drafted man, whose family depended
on his labor for support, and who was unable to provide a substitute
or pay commutation, that the law which forced him to enter the serv-
ice was intended for his benefit, or that the Board of Enrollment had
not done him injustice in refusing to exempt him.
The opponents of the measure were prompt to render pretended
sympathy and encourage opposition by misrepresenting facts, magni-
fying cases of real hardship, or creating imaginary grievances where
real ones were wanting.
The action of civil courts was invoked and the officers subjected
to harassing litigation, and in many instances fines were imposed
uix>n them for acts done in their official cax>acity, pursuant to 'the
orders of superior and competent authority.
It gives me great pleasure to bear testimony to the satisf actoiy
manner in which the duty has been discharged, notwithstanding the
above-mentioned obstacles.
I am confident that there is no class of public servants to whom the
country is more indebted for valuable services rendered than to the
district provost-marshals and their associates (comprising the boards
of enrollment), by whose efforts the Army of the Union which sup-
pressed the rebellion was mainly recruited.
I have deemed it proper to allude to this subject, because it has
been considered by the War Department that upon these officers
brevet rank for meritorious services could not properly be bestowed.
Their names appear in the register, Apx>endix, Document 34.
The exigencies of the service rendered it impracticable to state the
operations of the Bureau in detail in the annual reports heretofore
submitted.
With the return of peace, it is deemed appropriate and important
that the statistical and other information of professional and historical
value acquired by the Bureau should be preserved in permanent form,
and with a view to this I submit the subjoined report.
In conclusion, I beg leave to remark that while I am aware that no
bureau can claim special credit for faithful performance of duty,
still it may be properly said that, in accomplishing the results before
enumerated, this Bureau has the merit of having acted under extraor-
dinary circumstances and difficulties, such as the vastness of the
powers conferred on it, the peculiar character of the laws governing
it, and, above all, the novelty in our country of the measure of con-
scription; and yet, without neglecting or evading any public duty,
the rights of citizens have been duly considered and personal liberty
604 GOBRESPONDBNGBy ETG.
always respected, excepting in such measnres as were necessary for
the ley3ring of troops and arrest of deserters, in execution of acts of
Congress, and in these only invaded to the extent required to provide
for uie public safety, so far as it dei)ended on this branch of the
service.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JAMES B. FRY,
Provost-Ma/rshalr G^evieraiL
The subjects embraced in the accompanying report are subdivided
as follows:
Part L — Strength and position of the XT. S. Army at the commence-
ment of the rebellion, with an account of the measnres adopted for
its increase during the year 1861; the recruitment of the Army
during the year 1862, with a reference to the laws under which it
was conducted.
Part 11. — The necessity for a change in the method of raising
troops; x>Aflsage of the act for enrolling and drafting the national
forces, its objects, and the organization and ox>erations of the Bureau
of the Provost-Marshal-Qeneral under it during the year 1863.
Part JJi.— Operations of the Bureau of the Provost-Marshal-
Gtoneral during the year 1864, with an explanation of the method of
assigning quotas, and an account of the re-enlistment and reorganiza-
tion as veteran volunteers of the armies in the field during the winter
of 1863-'64.
Part IV. — ^Recruitment of men of African descent, and the enlist-
ment of men in rebel States for the credit of loyal States.
Part F. — Naval enlistments and credits, with an explanation of the
discrepancies which arose between the number of men called for and
the number actually obtained.
Part VI. — Statement of the casualties in the entire military force
of the United States from the beginning of the war to the close of
hostilities in April, 1865.
Part VIL — The subject of bounty discussed, with tabular state-
ments showing the bounties paid during the rebellion by the United
States and by the different States and districts.
Part FJJ/— Desertion.
Part IX. — ^Medical examination of recruits, d;c., with statistical
tables deduced therefrom.
Part X.— The Veteran Reserve CJorps.
Part XI — ^Disbursements, accounts, d;c., including an account of
the commutation fund arising from the payment of money by drafted
men to secure exemption, as authorized by law.
Part JC//.T-*Appendix, containing subordinate reports, various
laws, regulations, statistical tables, Jbc.
Report.
PART I.
GONDinON OF THE ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES AT THE OX7TBRBAK
OF AND DURING THE REBELLION PREVIOUS TO THE ORGANIZATION
OF THE PROVOST-MARSHAL-GBNERAL'S BUREAU.
No fact was more patent in the early stages of the rebellion than
the inadequacy of the force at the command of the Government
for the suppression of the insurrection and vindication of the Federal
UNION AUTHORITIE&
605
authority throughout the oountiy. On the Ist of Januaiy, 1861, the
Army of the United States was composec^ as follows: a
1
1
jl
13.030
171
1,874
1.0M
IS, 804
Total*
14, «7
1,746
1C,40S
This force was scattered over the territory of the United States
from the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific Ocean. Between
January 1, 1861, and January 1, 1862, it was, in addition to ordinary
casualties, reduced by the resignation and desertion of 313 commis-
sioned oi&cers who joined the rebellion. Notwithstanding the influ-
ence brought to bear upon the rank and file of the Army, they were
not materially affected by desertion during the same time. But few,
if any, enlisted men turned against the Government.
The leaders of the rebellion commenced as early as December, 1860,
to prepare the Southern States for armed resistance to the Government.
With the spread of the secession movement from State to State, the
military ardor of the Southern people became more and more aroused,
and organizations, under State auspices, sprang up everywhere, and
before the loyal Northern States actually began their preparations for
the defense of the Government the South had a force larger than the
Army of the United States ready for the conflict. No Edition was
made to the force at the disposal of the Government until April 9,
1861, when under the authority of the twenty-fourth section of the
act of March 3, 1803,& a call was made by the President, through an
order of the Secretary of War,c upon the District of Columbia for
ten companies for muster into the service of the United States. Other
calls were made upon the District during the same month, but troops
were not obtained under them without embarrassment and difficulty
and some conciliation on the part of the Government. The first com-
panies called out could not be mustered, because a large number of
the men declined to be sworn into service. In one company with 100
men on its rolls, all except the officers, one sergeant, one corporal, one
musician, and ten privates refused to parade for muster. Disloyalty
was probably the motive of some. Others alleged their willingness
to serve in defense of the District of Columbia, but declined to muster
without a guaranty that they should not be required to serve beyond
its limits. It was finally stipulated, as a condition of muster, that
they were * * to serve within the District and not go without it. " Thirty-
eight companies of the District militia were Anally mustered into the
United States service for three months, thirty-five under the condi-
tions specified above and three without conditions. It is proper to
state that these troops, in whole or part, did subsequently serve out
of the District without opposition or protest.
a For details, see Apjiendix, Doc. 1, Table 1.
6 See Appendix, Doc. 85.
eSee Appendix, Doc. 82.
*Bat see revised table, Vol. I, tbis series, p. S2.
606 GOBRESPONDENGE, ETC.
The call of April 16, 1861, far 76,000 militia for three months.
On the 12th of April, 1861, Fort Sumter was attacked by the rebels,
and on t]ie 15th of that month the first decided step was taken toward
offensive efforts on the part of the Government against the rebellion.
On that day the proclamation calling for 75,000 militia, to aid in sup-
pressing the revolutionary combinations of certain States and to cause
the laws to be duly executed, was issued. a
The call was made under the twenty-fourth section of the act
approved March 3, 1803, heretofore referred to. 6 No recruits were
raised for this force after the original muster into service of the dif-
ferent organizations composing it. Before these troops could be fully
organized and brought proi>erly into service their enlistments began
to expire. Their only active experience was in the brief campaign
terminating in the first battle of Bull Run. It went to demonstrate
most strikingly the inefficiency of militia called into service for short
periods.
Call of May S, 1861, for forty regiments of volimteers for three years,
and for eight regiments of regulars and 18,000 seamen.
On the 3d of May, 1861, the President issued a proclamation calling
into service, in addition to the 75,000 militia called for by his procla-
mation of April 15, 1861, thirty-nine regiments of volunteer infantry
and one of cavalry, amounting to 42,034 men, for the period of three
years, unless sooner discharged, increasing the Regular Army by
eight regiments, amounting to 22,714 officers and men, and directing
the enlistment of 18,000 seamen.a No quotas were assigned to States
under this call. The patriotism of the loyal people was aroused to
the highest pitch, and an intensely warlike spirit was kindled all over
the North. A universal desire to enter the service of the Government
was manifested, and more offers of men were made than could be
accepted. The call for volunteers was more than filled, seventy-one
regiments of volunteer infantry, one i^egiment of volunteer heavy
artillery, and ten batteries of volunteer light artillery having been
accepted and mustered into the service before the 1st of July.c This
call was legalized during the extra session of Congress by the third
section of the act approved August 6, 1861, and by section 1 of the
act approved July 29, 1861. d But few men were obtained for the
regular force called for. The regiment of cavalry and regiment of
artillery and one regiment of infantry were completed after consid-
erable delay. The remaining regiments of infantry, though partially
formed, were not fully organized during the war for want of recruits.
The first battle of Bull Run was fought on the 21st of July, 1861.
Oreat as this calamity seemed to the national cause, Congress was
equal to the emergency. Instead of losing heart it gathered new
courage and, under the impulse of the disaster, it i*edoubled its efforts
for the suppression of the rebellion. Profiting by the experience of
the past as to the inefficiency of troops enlisted for short terms of
service, it passed on the 22d, 25th, and 31st of July a succession of
actsc authorizing the President to accept the services of volunteers,
a See Appendix, Doc. 86.
h For qnotas and nnmher of trooiw famished under this call, see Api>endiz, Doc
6, Table 8.
c They are embraced in the figores in Tables 2 and 8, Doc. 6, Appendix,
d See Appendix, Doc. 85.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 607
either as cavalry, infantry » or artillery, in such numbers, not exceeding
1,000,000, as he might deem necessary for the purpose of repelling
invasion and suppressing insurrection, and directing that the volun-
teers thus accept^ should serve for not exceeding three years nor less
than six monthis.
These acts of Congress were published in general orders from the
Adjutant-General's Oi&ce. The people responded so readily and
enthusiastically to the appeals of Congress and the Executive that np
formal call was issued. Regiments and companies were immediately
offered in large numbers by States and individuals, and, as circum-
stances seemed to demand, requisitions were made on the Governors.
Individuals received special authority to raise military organizations
(termed independent acceptances), in some instances, without refer-
ence to the State authorities. The necessity for system and equality
in the apix>rtionment of the demands of the Gk>vemment for troops
uix>n the several States was not recognized at this early period of the
war. This neglect subsequently bore its legitimate fruit in the con-
fusion and inequality of apportionment attending later calls, when
military service was no longer popularly regarded as a privilege, but
exacted as a duty. Some States, during this period, raised and offered
troops which were declined, but which, if accepted, would have made
up no more than their fair share of the total taken from all the States.
It sometimes happened that troops thus rejected went from their own
State into other States, and were there accepted and credited. When
it became necessary in 1862 to make further calls, the credits to States
for men furnished under these acts were made up in the mannershown
in another part of this report. Under that adjustment the States
from which they hi^icl been declined were on this account declared to
be deficient, and were called upon to make good a deficiency which
they had not been permitted to avoid. Claims and complaints arising
from these causes, which doubtless were in many instances weU
founded, though not well authenticated, were brought forward subse-
quently and much embarrassed the business of this Bureau.
The system of independent acceptances was terminated by orders
from the Secretary of War, dated February 21, 1862.
The Border States, it will be remembered, suffered greatly from
civil commotion in the summer and fall of 1 861. Their lawful authori-
ties found themselves unable to keep down the disloyal spirit and
suppress the armed outbreaks within their jurisdiction without the
assistance of the Federal Government. Appeals were made by the
Governors of Missouri and Maryland for authority to raise militia
forces for service within the limits of these States to aid in establish-
ing and maintaining law and order. The authority being obtained,
the Governor of Missouri raised one regiment of infantry of 770 men,
two batteries of artillery of 171 men, and fourteen regiments of cav-
alry of 10,083 men, which force was to serve during the war and
co-operate with the troops in the service of the United States in repel-
ling invasion and suppressing rebellion in said State.
Similar authority empowered the Governor of Maryland to raise a
force of 4,600 men for service within the limits of that State. The
raising of these trooi)s for State service at the expense of the United
States was subsequently approved by the act of Congress of February
13, 1862,a which limited, however, the number authorized for the
State of Missouri to 10,000, those in excess being mustered out. The
same act provided, however, that no volunteers or militia from any
a See Appendix, Doc. 85.
608 GORRESPONDBNGEy ETC.
State or Territory should be mustered into the service of the United
States on any terms or conditions confining their services to the limits
of said State or Territory or their vicinities.
Under the authority of the acts of Congress referred to in the f ore-
ling, a force of 637,126 men was in service in the spring of 1862.a
e popular impression was then that this immense number would
be sufficient for overthrowing the military power of the rebellion, and
putting down all armed resistance to the Federal Government. Sub-
sequent events proved it erroneous, but Congress and the jieople
deemed it necessary to check the enormous current exi>endituies by
discontinuing the enlistment of men for the Army. The popular
demand was yielded to, and on the dd of April the volunteer recruit-
ing service was closed by general order from the War Department b
Under this order recruitment for the Army was immediately stopped,
the property at the rendezvous sold, and the offices closed throughout
the country.
Owing to the unexpected and unfavorable turn of the fortunes of
war in the following months, and the consequent depletion of the
armies in the field, the recruiting service was resumed by general
orders of June 6, 1862. c
The recruiting business had been so effectually dosed under the
general order of April 3 that the resumption of it was attended by
about the same difficulties that were encountered when it was first
undertaken. Before they had been fairly overcome the disastrous
result of the campaign in the Peninsula exercised its discouraging
effects and interfered with the progress of recruitment.
CaU of July 2y 1862, for 300,000 men for three years' service.
The numerical losses the Army had experienced prior to July 1,
1862,gE rendered large additions to it absolutely necessary. This pub-
lic need was recognized with their usual foresight by the Oovemors of
Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Connecticut, New York, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Michigan, Tennessee, Mis-
souri, Indiana, Ohio, Minnesota, Illinois, and Wisconsin, who with the
president of the Military Board of Kentucky, on the 28th of June,
1862,& requested the President of the United States at once to call
upon the several States for such number of men as might be required
to fill up the military organizations in the field, and increase the Army
to such force as might be necessary to garrison and hold all the
numerous cities and military XK)sitions that had been captured, and
to finish the work of crushing the rebellion. The President, in his
response of the date of July 1, 1862,e announced that he had decided
to call into the service an additional force of 300,000 men.
At the time this call was made the war had been in progress a little
more than one year. The attempt to take Richmond had resulted in
failure. The desire to enter the service, prompted by the first ebulli-
tion of military ardor, had subsided, and was replaced by the popu-
lar demand that the different States should furnish proportional num-
bers of men for the Army. No such distribution had been previously
made, and in order that this call might be fairly apportioned it was
a See Appendix Doc. 1, for strength of the entire military force of the United
States at certain dates in 1861, 1862, 1868, 1864, and 1865.
6 See Appendix Doc. 16.
e See Appendix, Doc. 17.
dSee Appendix, Doc 1, giving strength of the Army at various dates.
eSee Appendix, IMk^ 18.
UNION AUTH0B1TIE8. 609
necessary to establish with each State an account showing what it
had furnished and what it ought to have furnished up to the date of
this call, and make the assignment of the new call in conformity
thereto.
To ascertain the amount of service which either one of the States
should have rendered if it had borne its just share, or, in other words,
what pai-t of the aggregate service, furnished up to this period by all
the States, was justly due from each State, it became necessary to
compare the population of each State with the aggregate population
of all the States from which troops were required. It was obvious
that each State should contribute in proportion to the number of its
inhabitants. This was required by the statute of July 22, 1861,a chap-
ter 9, section 1, for the apportionment of volunteers among the
several States, and there was at that time no better basis to act upon.
The number of men (and periods of their service) furnished by all
the States prior to the call of July, 1862, was ascertained from the
records of the Adjutant-General's 0£Qice, and the account of each
State determined as follows:
The proportion of troops which should have been furnished by any
State was to the number furnished from all the States as the number
of inhabitants of that State was to the aggregate number of inhabit-
ants of aQ the States. The solution of this formula gave for each
State the number of troops which it should have furnished in order
to make up its equal and just share of the sei vice rendered by all the
States prior to the call of July 2, 1862. If the number of troops actu-
ally furnished by any State, as shown by the records of the Adjutant-
General's Office, fell short of this required proportion, that deficit was
charged; if the number exceeded, it was credited to the State in
question. 6
Draft ofAitgvst 4, 186^^ for 300,000 miliiia for nine months* service.
The great depletion of the old regiments by the campaigns of 1862
induced special efforts during the summer and fall of that year to
secure recruits for them. It was, however, perceived early in August
that these efforts would not meet with success, and that the call of
July 2, where filled at all, would be filled mainly by new oi'ganizations.
These the Governors of States authorized partly from a misapprehen-
sion of the real needs of the service, and partly from a more or less
well-founded belief that, without the stimulus of commissions in new
regiments, individual efforts, heretofore so successful in raising men,
would not be made by influential parties in different localities. In
view of this failure and the pressing want of troops, a draft for
300,000 militia, to serve for a term of nine months, was ordered by
the President on the 4th of August, 1862.C The order directed that
if any State failed to furnish its quota of men under the preceding
call for volunteers, the deficiency should be made up by a special
draft from the militia by the 15th of August. It also announced that
steps would be taken for the promotion of officers for meritorious serv-
ices, for preventing the appointment of incompetent persons as offi-
a See Appendix, Doc. 85.
h For resalts of this calctilation and statement of troops raised under this call,
see Appendix, Doc. 6, Table 8.
eSee Appendix, Doc. 19.
39 R R— SERIES ni, VOL V
610 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
cere in the voltinteer and regular forces, and for ridding the service
of the unworthy ones already commissioned, a
This order was the firet step taken by the Government toward car-
rying out the maxim upon which the security of republican govern-
ments mainly depends, viz, that every citizen owes his country mili-
tary oervioe. To its adoption, and the subsequent rigorous resort to
conscription, the salvation of the Union is due, more than to any
other cause.
The draft under this order commenced on the 3d of September, 1862,
and was conducted by the State authorities. Of the 300,000 men called
for about 87,000 were credited as having been drafted into the serv-
ice under the call. This number was much reduced by desertion
before the men could be got out of their respective States, and but a
small portion of them actually joined the ranks of the Army.
This draft constituted the last demand of the General Government
for men previous to the inauguration of the system of conscription in
the following spring. It will appear evident that a just execution of
a conscription law in the future by an equitable apportionment of
quotas depended, to a great extent, on correctness in the distribution
of the last call by the State authorities, and the accuracy with which
the recoi'ds were kept and preserved for reference. Upon subse-
quent examination it was found that the quotas assigned by the
War Department to States had not generally been distributed by the
State and local authorities in proportion to the men previously fur-
nished by the different districts or towns, and that the accounts of
men furnished by the minor localities were neither complete nor cor-
i*ect. This fact afterward occasioned serious difficulty when the new
conscription law was put into operation, and caused unjust com-
plaints against the Provost-Marshal-GeneraFs Bureau for omissions
before its creation, for which no branch of the General Government
was responsible. It is a matter of record that under the volunteer
system prevailing in the early part of the war different localities
contributed men very unequally, owing to varying degrees of jMitriot-
ism and various other causes. When the Government required
further levies, and ordered the draft of August 4 to obtain them, the
quotas were assigned on the basis of population, and it was proper,
therefore, in apportioning them, that the men already contributed
should be taken into consideration. The War Department kept the
record of the number of men furnished by eaCh State, and allotted
quotas to States according to the number previously furnished. The
adjustment of quotas within the State was committed to the State
authorities by order of the War Department,^ with the direction
that they be apportioned by the Governors among the several conn-
ties, and, when practicable, among the subdivisions of counties, so
that allowance should be made to the counties and subdivisions for
volunteere previously furnished.
The rule prescribed at this time by the Secretary of War 6 of
apportioning the number of men to be raised among the different
localities, so that the whole number called for should be obtained,
and each place i-equired to furnish its share after due allowance
was made for what it had previously furnished, is the same sub-
sequently observed by this Bureau. Unfortunately, it was not gen-
erally applied to the State draft of 1862, as required by the ordere of
a For qnotas assigned and troops raised under this call, see Appendix, Doc. 6
(table of all troops called for ana fnmished).
bSee Appendix, Doc. 20, Art. 1.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 611
the War Department. I endeavored, soon after the creation of my
office, to obtain a statement, showing the account of each sub-district,
from the officers who had charge of the records, but without success.
The difficulties arising from the radical change effected by the enroll-
ment act in the mode of raising troops, through the transfer of the
labor and responsibility connected therewith from the State to the
U. S. authorities, were increased by the absence of this information.
PABT u.
Public recognition of the necessity of a general conscription.
During the latter part of 1862 the necessity for a radical change in
the method of raising troops in order to prosecute the war to a suc-
cessful issue became more and more apparent. The demand for re-en-
forcements from the various armies in the field steadily and largely
exceeded the current supply of men. The old agencies for filling the
ranks proved more and more ineffective. It was evident that the
efforts of the Government for the suppression of the rebellion would
fail without resort to the unpopular, but nevertheless truly repub-
lican, measure of conscription. The national authorities, no less
than the purest and wisest minds in Congress,a and intelligent and
patiiotic citizens throughout the country, perceived that, besides a
more reliable, regular, and abundant supply of men, other substantial
benefits would be derived from the adoption and enforcement of the
principle that every citizen, not incapacitated by physical or mental
disability, owes military service to the country in the hour of extrem-
ity. It would effectually do away with the unjust and burdensome
disproportion in the number of men furnished by different States and
localities.
But it was not easy to convince the public mind at once of the jus-
tice and wisdom of conscription. It was a novelty, contrary to the
traditional military policy of the Nation. The people had become
more accustomed to the enjoyment of privileges than to the fulfillment
of duties under the General Government, and hence beheld the pros-
pect of compulsory service in the Army with an unreasonable dread.
Among the laboring classes especially it produced great uneasiness.
Fortunately, the loyal political leaders and press early realized the
urgency of conscription, and by judicious agitation gradually recon-
ciled the public to it. When the enrollment act was introduced in
Congress in the following winter the patriotic people of the North
were willing to see it become a law.
The passage of the enrollment act.
After a protracted, searching, and animated discussion, extending
through nearly the whole of the short session of the Thirty-seventh
Congress, the enrollment act was passed, and become a law on the 3d
of March, 1863.6 It was the first law enacted by Congress by which
the Government of the United States appealed directly to the Nation
to create large armies without the intervention of the authorities of
the several States.
The main objects of the law were, in general t^rms: First, to enroll
and hold liable to military duty all citizens capable of bearing arms
not exempted therefrom by its provisions: second, to call forth the
a See Appendix, Doc. 30. h&ee Appendix, Doc. 85.
612 CORBBSPONDENCE, ETC.
national forces by draft when required; third, to arrest deserters and
return them to their proper commands.
The public safety would have been risked by longer delay in the
enactment of this law. A general apathy prevailed throughout the
country on the subject of volunteering. Recruiting had subsided,
while desertion had greatly increased and had grown into a formi-
dable and widespread evU. The result of the important military oper-
ations during the first months of 1863 had been unfavorable and
exercised a depressing effect on the public mind. The battle of Stone's
River left the Army of the Cumberland crippled upon the field and
forced it to inactivity for months in an intrenched camp. Our advance
on Yicksburg by way of Haynes' Bluff had been repulsed with seri-
ous loss. A knowledge of the extent of the disaster at Fredericks-
burg had reached and dispirited the loyal people. The first attack
on Fort Sumter by the navy had failed. The short but bloody and
disastrous campaign of Chancellorsville was made, and the Army of
the Potomac once more confined to the defensive. The rebel army
was stronger in numbers than at any other period of the war. And
last, not least, a powerful party in the North, encouraged by these
events, opposed the raising of the new levies and especially the
enforcement of the new conscription law.
At this inauspicious stage of affairs this Bureau was brought into
existence.
The duties required of it under the enrollment act were of vast
extent. The means for securing the ends proposed were inadequately
provided. No appropriation of money was made for its support.
The only officers authorized under the law were Provost-Marshal-
Oeneral with the rank of colonel and a provost-marshal for each
Ck)ngressional district with the rank of captain. For the purposes of
enrollment and draft a board was created in each district, consisting
of the provost-marshal, a civilian, and a surgeon. This boajtl had
power to apix>int persons to make the enrollment. No other means
were designated by the original act to carry out its designs.
Orgamzation of the Bureau of the Provost-Marshal-GfeneroL
On the 17th of March, 1863, I was assigned to duty as Provost-
Marshal-Gtoneral by order of the Secretary of War,a in pursuance of
section 5 of the enrollment act. 6
The raising of troops by draft was alone assigned by law to this
Bureau. But on the 1st of May, 1863, an order was issued c giving
it the superintendence of the entire volunteer recruiting service.
The connection between these two modes of raising troops was so close
that in order to insure harmony and success in their management it
was necessary that both should be under the same bureau.
On the 28th of April, 1863, the Bureau was charged by general
orders d framed bv tibe chief of the Bureau with the organization of
an Invalid Corps (later called Veteran Reserve Corps). The troops
of the corps were to be under its control.
The business of the Bureau having become regulated in a general
way, my own office was organized into seven several branches, viz:
First branch — general and miscellaneous business. — This embraced
all that did not belong to other branches designated below. Two
officers were put on duty in it. The first was, in fact, principal
a See Appendix, Doc. 21 . e See Appendix, Doc. 22.
h See Appendix, Doc. 85. d See Appendix, Doc. 83.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 613
assistant and second in command to myself in the Bureau. The
second acted in the capacity of an assistant adjutant-general.
Second branch — enroUmentj drafly &c, — One officer only was on
duty in this branch, but it received the special attention of the chief
of the Bureau and principal assistant.
Third branch — desertera^ their arrestj return, descriptive lists, &c, —
One officer.
FovHh branch — medical affairs, statistics, Ac. — One officer with
occasional assistants for inspections, Ac,
Fifth branch — the Invalid or Veteran Reserve Corps, — ^But one
officer was permanently in this branch, but during the organization
of the corps there were others from time to time as circumstances
required.
S^ioclh branch — disbwrsements, accounts, &c., under the enrollment
act. — One officer in charge, with four assistants, who paid by checks
the accounts of the provost-marshals.
Seventh branchr-^isbursem^ents, accounts, &c., under the approprior
Hon for collecting, organizing, and drilling volunteers. — But one officer
was on duty in tiiis branch.
An adequate number of clerks was employed in each branch.
Acting assistant provost-TnarshaHs-general.
The law created no office intermediate between that of Provost-
Marshal-General and provost-marshals of districts. In organizing
the Bureau it was found to be indispensable to have an officer in
each State to superintend the operations of the district provost-
marshals and other subordinates of the Bureau and conduct the
intercourse necessary with the State authorities. The exigencies o^
the public service limited as a general rule the selection of officers to
fill these important positions to those incapable of active duty, but
notwithstanding this, excellent men for the purpose were secured
from the regular and volunteer forces. They were assigned to their
posts in April, 1863, under special instructions from this office and
were designated acting assistant provost-marshals-general and super-
intendents volunteer recruiting service for their respective States.
They established their offices and organized them for business upon
the same general plan as that adopted for this office, but on a scale
modified to suit their more limited duties. As an illustration of the
organization and management of these offices, a report from Bvt.
Brig. Gton. James Oakes, acting assistant provost-marshal-general for
Illinois, is appended, a
Selection of boards of enrollment and preparation of regvlaiions.
The field being wholly new, unexplored, and untried, the selection
of suitable persons to compose the boards of enrollment was a matter
of difficulty and embarrassment. In some districts there were appli-
cant's who had no recommendations, and in others persons were rec-
ommended who had expressed no willingness to accept the positions.
Before proper appointmento could be made it was necessary to get reli-
able information upon which to act. This necessarily consumed some
time, and after the information was obtained and appointments made,
delay was encountered in their acceptance, and some of the appointees
declined altogether, rendering new selections necessary. The provost-
marshals were first selected and their headquarters designated. They
were assigned to duty with the view of commencing the arrest of
a See Api)endiz, Doo. 11.
614 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
deserters at the earliest praoticable moment. The commissioners and
surgeons were nex;t appointed, and by making every possible exertion
most of the boards of enrollment were fully organized early in May,
1863. The time consumed in making a careful selection of officers
caused no delay in accomplishing the objects of the law. This period
was industriously devoted to the preparation of a code of regulations,a
without which the boards, if sooner organized, could have made no
useful progress in their principal duties.
Devising the blank forms, which were indispensable to secure uni-
formity and efficiency in the novel and complicated business to be
conducted by the Bureau, formed an important feature in the prepa-
ration of the regulations. A copy of these regulations, the same in
their general f eatures*as originally adopted, but modified in details to
meet changes in the law and the experience of the Bureiau, is appended
to tills report. Although prepared in advance, for the execution of a
measure entirely new and experimental, they have been found to pro-
vide well for the requirements of the service; and if it shall ever
become necessary hereafter to resume the business of the Bureau, it
is thought that they will, with the other information accompanying
this report, render it comparatively an easy task to revive what was
not originated without great labor and difficulty. These regulations,
and the drders subsequently issued, were perhaps more exacting as to
the i)erformance of the duties required, and in the observance of
forms and details, than would have been necessary in a bureau com-
posed of experienced commissioned officers, and charged only with
duties of a purely military character. The appointees were generally
taken from civil life. They knew that their appointments had been
made mainly through local and political influence; they were distant
from headquarters, and with great powers, not clearly defined in or
limited by law; they were, owing to the disturbed state of the coun-
try and the party divisions of the time, exposed to the temptations of
undue and dangerous exercise of authority. In order that there
should be no misunderstanding as to their duty and responsibility to
the United States, and that they might be strengthened to bear up
against local pressure and interest, a rigid obedience was required to
rules and orders which exacted a systematic performance of duty,
and which, by means of frequent reports and returns, made in com-
pliance with them, kept the chief of the Bur^u informed, in minute
detail, of the management of each office. Decided advantages to the
General Gk>vemment resulted from this wholesome rigor. There are
not many instances on record in which officers of this Bureau stepped
out of their prox)er sphere of duty, or attempted to subordinate the
public to local or private interests, and but few, if any, in which such
attempts have not been defeated. The views expressed above as to
the repressive infiuence of the strict regulations adopted are not
intended to cast any reflection on the intentions, or depreciate the
merits, of the officers of the Bureau, whose integrity and devotion 1
have ali^dady expressly acknowledged.
OrganizcUion of boards of enrollment.
For the x>crf ormance of the duties required of them by law, and the
regulations of the Bureau, the Board of Enrollment in each Oongres-
sional district was organized as follows, viz:
Three regular clerks were appointed. One of these, in addition to
his other duties, acted as recorder of the Board. As the wants of the
a See Ax>pendix, Doc. 87.
UNIOK AUTHORITIES. 61 f)
dervice increased, temporary clerks were engaged from time to time,
and paid for the time actually employed. The business of the office
was subdivided and apportioned among the clerks, to correspond
with the division of duties in the superior offices.
Deputy provost-marshals were allowed in each district, the number
varying according to circumstances. At times they were limited to
two, but when the occasion required, as many as one for each county
in a district were authorized.
Sx>ecial agents for the detection and arrest of deserters and the per-
formance of miscellaneous duties were authorized. The number of
special agents employed also varied, but seldom exceeded five to a
district. The average number was three to a district.
Enrolling officers were employed at the rate, of one for each sub-
district (generally consisting of a town, township, or ward). These
officers were only retained long enough to make the enrollment, and
were occasionally re-employed temporarily for its correction when
necessary. Their compensation was at the rate of $3 per diem when
actually employed.
No board or provost-marshal was permitted to appoint a clerk, dep-
uty, or si)ecial agent without first obtaining authority to do so from
this office, giving the name of the person to be employed, rate of
comi>ensation proposed, and filing the oath of allegiance required by
law.
To illustrate in detail the management of these district officers, the
report of Capt. Henry C. Naill, provost-marshal of the Fourth Dis-
trict of Maryland, is appended to this report, a
The enroUmerU.
Steps were taken as early as practicable after the organization of the
Bureau to put in force sections 3, 4, 8, 9, and 10 of the enrollment act,
approved March 3, 1863. & The boards of enrollment were organized
early in May, 1863, and at once subdivided their districts for the pur-
pose of enrollment. Towns, townships, and wards were generally
adopted as the most convenient subdivisions. But one enrolling
officer was employed for each sub-district, as the law allowed no more.
They were sworn to execute faithfully, and without partiality or
favor, the duties of their office, which were defined in special instruc-
tions; and all precautions practicable at the time were taken against
the employment of incompetent or dishonest persons.
Some of the districts consisted of forty counties, and some were 120
by 200 miles in extent, while others in large cities presented obstacles
as formidable as geographical extent to a speedy and correct enroll-
ment.
To subdivide, and find for each subdivision a person competent
and willing to make the enrollment, took time, and was attended with
difficulty, especially in the sub-districts, where there were large num-
bers of x)eople opposed to the Government and the war, and hostile
to this particular measure.
The enrollment was commenced about the 25th of May, 1863, and
pushed forward with all possible dispatch. It was to form a complete
register of that portion of the national forces not in the service. It
was to give the names of all men liable to be called on for military
duty, by lot or draft, and to furnish the basis for determining the
proportion of troops to be furnished by the different parts of the
a See Appendix, Doc. 12. b See Appendix, Docs. 6 and 35.
616 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
country. It was to provide the means for establishing between the
Government and each locality an account of militwy service, in
which a charge was to be made of all that was due, and credit given
for all that should be paid. Under it every citizen legally l^ble,
who was called ux)on for his proportion of military duty, was certain
that it would be duly credited to him. Nothing could be more satis-
factory to all who were willing to do their share in defense of their
country.
As the law made the enrollment the basis for distributing among
the different States and districts their respective quotas under the
calls of the Government for troops, justice required that it should be
ns nearly perfect as the nature of things permitted it to be made.
The correctness or incorrectness of the method adopted for computing
quotas, and the arithmetical calculations by which they were ascei^
tained, though sometimes complicated, are susceptible of prompt and
conclusive demonstration to all reasonable minds.
No well-founded differences or disputes between the Government
and the localities called upon, in regard to quotas of troops to be fur-
nished, can arise from any other cause than imperfections, real or
alleged, in the enrollment. The features of the law, and the circum-
stances under which its execution was to be commenced, were such
that in the first enrollment perfection could not be attained, and
owing to this fact, and the pressing necessity for an enrollment to
establish a basis upon which the re-enforcement of the armies could
begin, nothing more was practicable than to effect an enumeration,
which, though it might contain errors, would be made under the same
rules alike in all parts of the country, and which could be subse-
quently revised and corrected. Sections 1, 2, and 14 of the act of
March 3, 1863, are as follows:
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Bqpresentaiives of the United States of
America in Congress assembled^ That all able-bodied male citizens of the United
States, and persons of foreign birth who shall have declared on oath their inten-
tion to become citizens nnder and in pnrsnance of the laws thereof, between the
ages of twenty and forty-five years, except as hereinafter excepted, are hereby
declared to constitute the national forces, and shall be liable to perform military
duty in the service of the United States when called out by the lo-esident for that
purpose.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted^ That the following i>ersons be, and they are
hereby, excepted and exempt from the provisions of tms act, and shall not be
liable to military duty under the same, to wit : Such as are rejected as physicallv
or mentally unfit for the service; also, first, the Vice-Presiaent of the Unitea
States, the judges of the various courts of the United States, the heads of the
various Executive Departments of the Government, and the Governors of the
several States. Second, the only son liable to military duty of a widow dependent
uxxm his labor for support. Third, the only son of aged or infirm parent or
parents dependent upon his labor for support. Fourth, where there are two or
more sons of aged or mfirm parents subject to draft, the father, or, if he be dead,
the mother, mav elect which son shall be exempt. Fifth, the only brother of
children not twelve years old, having neither father nor mother, dependent upon
his labor for suppoi-t. Sixth, the father of motherless children under twdve
vears of Bfe dependent upon his labor for supi)ort. Seventh, where there are a
father ana sons in the same family and household, and two of them are in the
military service of the United States as non-commissioned officers, musicians,
or privates, the residue of such family and household, not exceeding two, shall
be exempt. And no persons but such as are herein excepted shidl oe exempt:
Provided, however. That no person who has been convicted of any felony shall be
enrolled or permitted to serve in said forces.
Sec. 14. And be it further enacted. That all drafted -peTBona shall, on arriving
at the rendezvour, be carefully inspected by the surgeon of the Board, who shafi
truly report to the Board the physical condition of each one; and all persons
drafted and claiming exemption from military duty on account of disability, or
any other cause, shall present their claims to be exempted to the Board, wnose
decision shall be final.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 617
It will be seen from these sections that the law governing the enroll-
ment was ambiguous. Under some provisions of it only the enroll-
ment of those citizens seemed to be required between the specified
ages who were not excepted from the operation of the act. Under
others it seemed to be its purport that a full enumeration should be
effected by the enrolling officers, and that the exceptions and exemp-
tions should be made by the Board of Enrollment after the dralt.
Section 12 provided that 50 per cent, more than were required should
be drawn to fill the places of those who might be exempted by the
Board, thus sustaining the view that the Board of Enrollment after
the draft, and not the enrolling officer, should decide questions of
exemption arising under the law.
Whatever might be the ultimate and formal interpretation of the
law in this respect, the paramount duty of the Bureau was to com-
plete an enrollment at the earliest practicable date, make it as nearly
correct as possible, and under it commence the urgently needed
re-enforcement of the armies. The enrollment could be made with-
out injustice to any one, as those who were granted the special favor
of exception and exemption from the operations of the act could receive
the privil^e to which they were entitled after being drafted. To
have undertaken so to make the enrollment as not to include those
who were excused from military service by special enactment would
have been to defeat the purpose of the act, in an attempt as a first
duty to secure to a privileged class the immunities extended to them
before they were ascertained to be due. Supposing all enrolling offi-
cers to have been honest and capable, the difficulties and delays they
would have met in attempting to decide in advance all cases of exemp-
tion which would be presented by persons of the numerous class
excepted by the act would have prevented the completion of the
enrollment in time to be of use during the war. To this should be
added the opposition to be encountered in making an enrollment of
any kind, and the fact that the enrollers had, necessarily, to be selected
in haste, were but temporarily employed, without power to summon
witnesses, and exposed by their irresponsibility and the absence of
supervision to the temptation of bribery and favoritism. All this
miule it clear that the best interests of the Government required tiiat
the enrolling officers should not be invested with the power of decid-
ing the questions of exemptions arising under the act. In order,
therefore, to get an enrollment for immediate use which, as stated,
would be as fair to one place as to another, and which could subse-
quently be corrected in all places alike, I directed the boards of enroll-
ment to instruct their enrolling officers to enroll all male citizens of
the United States, and persons of foreign birth who had declared on
oath their intention to become citizens, under and in pursuance of
the laws thereof, between the ages of twenty and forty-five years, and
not i)ermit the omission from the enrollment lists of the names of
persons who might claim to belong to the classes excepted by the law,
and to reserve the question of their exemption for consideration after
the draft.
The following extract from a report made by Captain Erhardt, the
provost-marshal of the Fourth District, New York City, the enroll-
ment of which was made the subject of si>ecial complaint, illustrates
the method of making the enrollment and the pains taken to avoid
errors. The mode of operation was not identically the same in all
the districts, but varied only according to the circumstances existing
G18
in different districts and the character of the oflBcers and employes
engaged in the work. Captain Erhardt says:
I have the honor to state that there have heen enrolled in my district —
Of first claas 54,872
Of second claas 23, 403
Making a total of names enrolled 77,777
From these were taken those who actually lived in this district, and thoee alone
were borne upon the consolidated lists sent to the Provost-Marshal-General, viz:
Of the first class 80,844
Of the second class 11,148
A total of 41,998
With this exception, that those who were not known to live in any other district,
by their own refusal to give their residence, doing business in this, were presumed
to live in this, and were sent on the consohdated lists accordingly. These names
were in the proportion of perhaps 1 to 60, so that ];)erhap6 800 may be on the con-
solidated lists so subject to draft here who may show, in case of their being
drafted, that they reside in another district and are not liable. This list, witE
the deductions of those who reside here, would leave 85,785 enrolled here not
borne ux>on the consolidated lists of this district.
The enrollment of this district was made by an enrolling officer for each elec-
tion district, who rex>orted at the headquarters of the district each day with the
filled sheets, which were then given in, and an account kept of the amount of
sheets (filled) each enrolling oflBcer brought in. The enrollment was completed
on the 29th day of June, and the number of names returned to this office amounted
to 54,872 of class one, and 28,406 of class two; total number, 77,777.
The consolidation was made by first making an alphabetical list of each ward.
The names were carefully revised, and the residence of every person within the
ages named in the act, redding in this district, marked by the ward of this dis-
trict in which he resided. Tney were then transferred to another copy, care
being taken to gather all who resided in the ward, cop^ring from otlier wurds.
On the completion of that copy the lists were again revised for the purpose of
ascertaining duplicates in this manner: By taking the first name of each letter
and going through all the rest of the letter, to ascertain that that name was down
but once: then taking the second name, and asain going through thoee remain-
ing, until the whole nad undergone a careful and actual scrutiny; and in ^e
same manner with claas two. This was the work of manv days and nights, yet it
resulted in a correct Ust. When a doubt arose as to whether the partv under
search was a duplicate, an enrolling officer was sent to the residence of such a
party to ascertain whether such name was a duplicate or not.
Upon the completion of that copv another copy was made, and all errors
stricken from and transfers made, should any be found in it. After a careful
revision of that copy the final copy was made for the department, and from that
the cards prepared for the draft, and carefully compared with the list, and veri-
fied by actual count.
Numerous and weighty obstacles were encountered in making this
enrollment. The large floating population of the country, and the
disposition and right of our x>eople to go from place to place without
let or hindrance, rendered it exceedingly difficult to perfect it. Most
of the embarrassments resulted, however, from the opposition encoun-
tered in almost every house, if not to the act itself, at least to its
application to the particular persons whose names were sought for
enrollment. The law made it the duty of this Bureau to take, but did
not make it the duty of anyone to give, the names of those liable to
draft. Every imaginable artifice was adopted to deceive and defeat
the enrolling officers. Open violence was sometimes met with. Sev-
eral enroUers lost their lives.a Some were crippled. The property
of others was destroyed to intimidate them and prevent the enroll-
ment. In certain mining regions organized bodies of men openly
a See table of casualties. Doc. 88.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 619
opposed the enrollment, i*endering it necessary that the U. S. author-
itie8 should send troops to overcome their opposition. There were
secret societies, newsimpers, and politicians who fostered and encour-
aged this widespread opposition.
Under these serious ditiwhacks the ftrot enrollment was made. It
was no more imperfect than had been expected, and the first draft (as
explained hereafter in this report) was, aooordinff to it, conducted in
such a manner as to neutralize to a great extent (if not entirely) the
irregularities and hardships that might have resulted from the errors
it contained.
An enrollment haying been made as the first and indispensable
requisite to the execution of the law, and the determination and ability
of the Government to carry out the measure to the fullest extent
required for the re-enf oroement of the armies having been established
by the enforcement of the first draft in July, 1863, the subject of
revising and perfecting the enrollment with a view to future drafts
was taken up as soon as the boards of enrollment could get time for
it, to wit, in November, 1863. On the 17th of that month Circular No.
101 was issued.a It referred, first, to the complaints made relative to
errors in the enrollment of the national forces by the omission of per-
sons whose names should have been enrolled, and by the addition of
names of x>erson8 who, by reason of alienage and for other causes,
ought not to have been enrolled; and as it was desirable that the
deiMtrtment should have such information as might be necessary in
order to do full justice to all parties, it directed that the Board of
Enrollment of each district should liave printed lists of the names and
residences of all persons enrolled in eacb sub-district prepared and
exposed to public view in at least five places in each sub-district, and
in as many more as the Board might deem necessary. It further
required that public notice should be given by advertisement upon
the list of names and in the newspapers, inviting corrections, &q.^ and
that the boards of enrollment should use all diligence in collecting
the necessary information and making the requisite notes to perfect
the enrollment lists.
As a draft was then pending (to commence in the following Jan-
uary), the time for making corrections was limited to the 20th of
December. This was to give the officers time to attend to other busi-
ness preliminary to draft. When it was necessary, however, and
could be properly done, the time for correction was extended by
special authority.
Notwithstanding the opportunity thus afforded, the appeals made
to the x>eople, and the efforts of the officers of the Bureau, the correc-
tions, though extensive, were not so thorough as had been hox)ed.
The i)eople generally at that time did not seem to appreciate their
interests in pe^ecting the lists, and gave but little aid in the work,
I>erhaps in the hope and belief that every call was the last which
would be necessary. The officers of the Bureau were more faithful in
perfecting the lists, but they prosecuted their labors under some of
the discouragements met in making the first enrollment.
Assertions and arguments as to the inaccui*acy of the enrollment,
which had not been presented to the boards of enrollment when cor-
rections could have been made by the opportunity stated above, were
subsequently urged upon the Bureau as reasons for delaying drafts.
They took a variety of forms. Some of them, raising questions of
a See Appendix, Doc. 24, Art. 3.
620 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
legality, were laid before the Solicitor of the War Department in April,
1864, and were noticed by him as follows:*
As soon as the pressure of business i>ermitted, the correction of
the enrollment was resumed under orders dated June 25, 1864, which
were slightly modified and republished on the 15th of November,
1864, in the following terms: f
At the time these instructions were issued the draft of 1863, under
the original enrollment, had been completed, and the draft which
began May 1, 1864, for deficiencies in all calls prior to and indudiug
that of March 14, 1864, was nearly closed. These drafts had begun
to make it apparent to the people that it was certainly for the interest
of each town, ward, Ac, to have correct lists, to the end, first, that
each locality might be called upon for no more than a fair share of
all the trooi)s to be raised, and, secondly, that all who were properly
liable should be so recorded, in order not to increase unduly the
chances to be drafted of those whose names were already on the lists.
But beside this, when the fairness of this method of rais.ug troops
became properly understood, and the necessity for its adoption was
generally acknowledged among the people, the opposition which had
interfered with former efforts subsided and gradually disapjieared.
In many instances it was even replaced by activity and zeal on the
part of committees and individuals in pointing out errors and fur-
nishing data for corrections. Hence the lists were rapidly corrected,
and when the business of the Bureau was practically stopped in April,
1865, the enrollment was as nearly correct as it can well be made
under existing laws.
Between July 1, 1864, and April 30, 1865, 461,073 names were added
to the enrollment lists, and 1,231,439 names stricken off.
The enrollment shows the national forces not called out to have
consisted of 2,245,063 men on the 30th day of April, 1865. This does
not include the 1,000,516 men in the field on the 30th day of April,
1865. t
Careful estimates and calculations, based upob the best data to be
obtained, lead to the conclusion that notwithstanding the losses dni^
ing the war, there were more men in the loyal States properly subject
to the call of the Government for military service at the close of the
rebellion than at its beginning. Moreover, in estimating the military
strength of the Government when hostilites ceased, the fact should
be borne in mind that the troops, colored and white, raised in States
in rebellion and the sources from which more such could have been
supplied, are not considered, no enrollment of the national forces
having bBcn made in those States.
Remarks on the subject of enrollment and the proper basis for an
equitable distrtbutio^i of the burden of w/diiaTy service.
The original act required the enrollment to be composed of two
classes: Ilie first, comprising all persons subject to do military duty
between the ages of twenty and thirty-five years and all unmarried
persons subject to military duty above the age of thirty-five and under
the age of forty-five ; the second class, comprising all other persons
•See Whiting to Fry. April 11, 1864, Vol. IV, this series, p. 234.
fSee Circtdar No. 89, rrovost-Marshal-Generars Office, Kovemher 15, 1864,
Vol. IV, this series, p. 085.
IBnt see consolidated abstract, Vol. IV, this series, p. 1388, showing an aggre-
rpateof 1,052,088.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 621
Btibject to military duty ; that is, all married persons between thiity-
five and forty-five who fulfilled the required conditions. The law pro-
vided that the second class should not be called out in any district
until the first class was exhausted. This classification increased and
complicated the duties of the Bureau, and had the effect of making
those belonging to the second class indifferent to the operations of the
law and the filling of quotas by volunteers, they being practically
exempt from draft. The amendment passed February 24, 1864,a
abolishing the classification and consolidating all into one and the
same class, resulted therefore in benefit to the service.
Considering all the circumstances attending the subject of enroll-
ment in this country, I think, while it is the best basis for raising
traops that could be found, there is no degree of efficiency and integ-
rity on the part of those intrusted with the administration of the
present law that can secure a perfect enrollment or one as nearly per-
fect as it should be for an equal distribution of the burden of military
service in a great and protracted war. If the late war had continued
so long as to render more calls for troops necessary the correctness of
this statement would have become apparent. In anticipation of such
a necessity, previous to the meeting of the last Congress, amendments
as follows were prepared by me, but were not adopted:
Be it enacted by the Senate and Bauae of BepreaentativeM of the United States
of America in Congress assembled^ That it Bhall be the duty ox each male resident
of the United States, over eighteen yean of age, within thirty days from snch
date as may be annonnced by the Secretary of War, to have his name enrolled on
the enrollment list of the snb-district in wmch he resides, unless, npon applicatioa
to the Board of Enrollment of the district, it shall appear that such person is not
liable to enrollment nnder the acts approved March tnree, eighteen hundred and
sixty -three, for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and as amended
by the act approved FeDmary twenty-four, eighteen hundred and sixtv-four, in
which case he shall be fomished with a certificate of his non-liaUlity to enroll-
ment, signed by the members of the Board of Enrollment, setting forth therein the
reasons why he is exempt from the performance of military duty; and any per-
son liable to enrollment who shall hereafter change his place of residence snail
notify the provost-marshal of the district of his removal, and shall, within thirty
days, file with the Board of Enrollment of the district to which he has removed
his certificate of enrollment in the sub-district where he last resided, whereupon
such Board of Emx>llment shall proceed to enroll him and furnish him with a cer-
tificate of his enrollment. And every male resident over eighteen years of age shall ,
within thirty days after becoming liable to enrollment, either on account or
arriving at proper age, declaring an intention to become a citizen of the United
States, or other cause, apply to the provost-marshal of the district in which he
resides and procure his proper enromnentr
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted. That any person who shall refose or neglect
to comply with the provisions of the foregoing section, or who shall cause, pro-
cure, or shall wiUfolIy attempt to procure an mcorrect or improper enrollment
of himself or any other person, either by misstating his or their name, age, occupa-
tion, or residence, or by committing any act with intent to secure a false enrollment
of himself, or any other person, such person so offending, on being convicted
thereof by a militarv commission, shall pay a fine of not less than two hundred
nor more than one thousand dollars, ana be enlisted and mustered into service as
a soldier, to serve for the period for which the draft is made, if on examination
he be found fit for service; if unfit, then he shall be imprisoned not to exceed one
year nor less than three months. One-half of the fine herein prescribed to be
paid to the informer and the other to the credit of the draft and substitute fond.
Sec 8. And be it further enacted^ That anv person who shall procure himself to
be enrolled as of a sub-district other than his true residence shall not, in the event
of his being drafted, be exempt on the ground of non-residence, but if found fit
for duty shall be held to personal service, and credited on the quota of the sub-
district in which he resides; nor will the fact that he is erroneously enrolled
exempt him from enrollment and draft in the sub-district of his residence.
a See Appendix, Doc. 85.
622 COREESPONDENCB, ETC.
Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That all questions of non-liability to enroll-
ment and draft, on acconnt of nnisnitableness of age or non-residence, shall be
determined prior to draft, and boards of enrollment will not hereafter grant
exemptions to drafted men on the groond of non-residence or being nnder or
OYorage.
It was not proposed, in case these amendments had been adopted,
to abandon the system pursued under the present law, but to retain
so much of the old S3rstem as might be necessary to the full success of
the new.
The total expenses arising under the enrollment act would be reduced
at least two-thirds by the method suggested above.
When once in operation it would be more satisfactory to the people,
as the main source of hardship under the present system is not in tak-
ing by lot those properly subject to military duty, but in the necessity
imposed on the Bureau of drafting and dealing with those who are not
fit for nor liable to duty. Under the plan proposed all this class
would, at their leisure before the dra^, secure certificates which
would prevent their being disturbed.
It has been stated that the population was taken as the basis in set-
tling the accounts of the different States for troops raised prior to
the i)l^ssage of the enrollment act in March, 1863. The apportionments
so made resulted in inequality in the distribution of the calls for
troops in consequence of the great disparity among the different States
in the proportion of males fit for military duty included in their
respective populations. It has been contended by some persons, even
since the enrollment was made, and especially by a boaM which con-
vened in New York City in 1864, that population is the only safe and
proper basis for distributing the Government's demands for volun-
teers. This view is based on the theory that a caU for troops is a
money-tax upon the States and communities, that men can only be
obtained by means of large bounties, and that States and communi-
ties acting upon this theory comi>el, by a direct tax, each man to
contribute his share of money, thus throwing the burden upon
property as directly as if Congress laid a direct tax for the same pur-
pose, and hence, that representative population is the constitutional
basis for an equitable apportionment of quotas. The public interest
would be seriously injured by the adoption of this theory. It is
unsound and cannot be relied on to meet the necessities of a great
war. Its practical application would demoralize the military spirit
of the people and exhaust the finances of the country. The true
principles are embodied in the enrollment acts, namely, that the
country must look to its citizens for its safety and honor; that when
engaged in war, military service may be rightfully required of every
male citizen of proper age and suitable physical and mental condition;
that the number of men to be taken at any one time from a community,
whether they go voluntarily or by draft, shall be in proportion to the
number of men liable to military duty in that community, and not to
the number of its residents, including men, women, and children.
Some statistical information on this subject may be found in the
following table:
UNION AUTHORITIES.
623
T\Me Mhowing the population by 9exea, and the preponderance of either sex in cer-
tain StcUee aooordina to the Vensue of 1860, and the total number enrolled April
SO, 1865, with the ratio of enrollment to mcde and total population.
states.
Mew Hsinp«blre.
Termont
Mjweachiuetta . . .
Rhode Island....
CoBoeetkmt
KewYork
Kew Jtntbj
PeonaylTanfa
Delairare
Maryland
Dial of Colambia
Ohio
Indiana
Ulinois
Kentacky —
HUMmri
Michigan
Wlaeonain....
Iowa
Minnesota —
ai7.189
150,816
168.780
596,713
84.133
335.904
1.933,583
836,045
1.454,310
65.830
306,686
36.400
1, 100, 163
600,300
000,761
470.313
564,841
803,486
407,450
354,503
01.030
60,178
Total 10,706,432 10.466.768
niiLogo
1 ^>-: 257
ir^ ;tl3
9^M87
JU.iS3
1 4^1.796
M.ttao
;<0 5H1
E. 149, 149
"lMJ. LflO
i.Mittao
y^'J. 340
:mK 420
T7.«24
6,000
3,474
3,633
100
ll
§
•a
m
I
3
37,640 I
6,854 j
8.160 I
13.671 I
927 I
41,813
48,002
91. 751
28.433
62,601
40.374
30.027
34.173
14.106
11, 152
' 628.870
6,441 I 326.073
815. 098
^. mt, 736
ti:a, tin
■-1 mm 115
110, 40H
7.->. iiao
I. A'MKi^
i.ittn Lie I
(i:? 1113
Ifttf, 1U.
Iu7 JO*
16,690
4.082
423,618 I 08,064 21,962,100
46,121
26.303
23,836
105,650
16.266
40,706
431,462
70.055
268,436
7,011
56,808
10,725
306,867
158,238
274.400
104,082
133,501
76.348
64.737 ,
88,803
1^656,
83.022
14.53
16.46
14.60
17.70
10.33
18.00
28.31
30.84
18.11
13.56
18.81
80.21
17.29
21.91
30.46
31.71
23.63
10.12
13.43
23.85
20.18
88.00
3,221.317 |aS0.61
III
7.34
8.07
7.40
8.58
0.80
8.84
11.11
10.40
0.06
6.84
0.16
14.28
8.70
11.34
16.04
1L18
12.51
10.07
7.06
12.26
10.81
21.47
al0.61
a Arera^ ratio per oent.
It will be seen from this table and Table 3, Document 6, of
Appendix, that some of the Western States, with quotas under the
calls of 1861 and 1862 (assigned on the basis of population) nearly
the same as some of the Eastern States, furnished all required, and
yet had a much larger proportion of men liable to military duty left
than Eastern States which did not fill the quotas assigned under those
calls, and were, in consequence, charged with a deficiency on sub-
sequent calls. In some instances, therefore, where a deficiency
existed it may be attributed somewhat to excessive quotas in 1861 and
1862, assigned on the basis of population, and the excess of troops
furnished by some States may, on the same principle, be due in a
measure to their surplus of men.
The States showing the larger ratios of enrollment to male popula-
tion are —
First. Those to which the more recent immigration has been most
considerable, meaning immigration both from foreign countries and
that resulting from the movement from the Atlantic States westward.
Under this head Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, and
Kansas are examples.
Second. Those States having large cities, to which all able-bodied
men resort for employment, especially those near the depots of foreign
immigration, in which males from abroad remain upon landing, or to
which they most readily find their way, such as New York, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. The State of New York is the
most striking instance of the above, containing, as it does, the chief
depot of foreign immigration, and, as well, a metropolitian district
624 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
with a population of more than a million of people, to which men are
attracted with a view of finding ready employment in the various
pursuits incident to large cities. The States showing the smallest
percentage of enrollment with reference to male population are those
most strictly rural, such as Maine, 14^ per cent.. New Hampshire, 16^
I>er cent., Vermont, 14| per cent., and Delaware, 12^ per cent. Tliese
are at the same time States affected but slightly by foreign immigra-
tion on the one hand, and from which, on the other, young men are
attracted by the more expansive fields of the West. The District of
Columbia exhibits a large ratio of enrollment to male population,
30^ por cent., which is accounted for by the fact that laige numbers
of enrolled men have been brought to the District by the civil and
semi-military employment incident to the Government business
within and the military operations around it.
By reference to the ratio of enrollment of the entire population in
each State it will be noticed that the ratios obtain in nearly the same
proportion as when compared with the male population only. In the
States of Maine, Vermont, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
and Delaware, the population of the sexes being nearly equal, their
relative proportions are about the same.
The proportion in Kansas and Illinois is noticeable, and is accounted
for by the large excess of males over females. The same is true in a
modified degree of the States of Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan,
Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota, while in the States of New Hamp-
shire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, the relative
proportion is smaller for the inverse reason.
A glance at the table will show the solid column presented by the
Western States under the head of ''Excess of males over femaJes,"
and the corresponding increase in the ratio of enrollment.
Draft of 186S, being the first made under the enrollment acL
It was required that troops should be produced by means of the act
at the earliest possible date. To accomplish this the draft had to be
commenced in each district as soon as it could be enrolled.
But as the enrollment was completed in some districts many months
before it was in others, it was not possible to determine what propor-
tion of any given number the district first enrolled should furnish.
It was therefore decided not to call for a fixed number, but to make
a draft in each and every district as soon as it was enrolled for one-
fifth of its enrolled men of the first class, thus drafting from each
district the same proportion of men found by the enrollment to be in
it. The draft being made in this manner, an order as follows was
issued:
Whenever anv drafted man shall show to the Board of Enrollment of the
district in whicn he mav have been enrolled that he was improperly enrolled,
having been, when enrolled, an alien, a non-resident of the district, not of proper
age, or in the service on the 8d of March, 1863, he shall be dischaiised ny the
Board, and his place in the qnota shall not be filled from the 60 per cent, drawn
in addition to the qnota to snpply vacancies created by exemptions arising under
the second section of the enrollment act.
It was claimed in some localities, especially in New York, that the
quota required was too great, because, as was alleged, the enrollment
included aliens, non-residents, <fec., and was thus excessively large.
That cause of complaint was essentially removed by the above orderi
UNION AUTHORITIES. 625
in connection with the plan of taking as the quota for the draft one-
fifth of the enrollment of each district.
No proclamation was issned for this draft. Serious opposition to
the enforcement of the law, it was thought, would be less likely to
arise if the draft was quietly and successfully made in the districts
where it was first undertaken. As soon, therefore, as a district was
enrolled its quota was ascertained, and the President made an order
in the following form for drafting therein:
Executive Mansion,
WoBhingUm.D. C, , 1863,
I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America and Com-
mander-in-Chief of the Army and Nay v thereof, hayinar taken into consideration
the nnmber of volunteers and militia numished by and from the several States,
inclndin^ the State of , and the period of service of said volunteers and
militia since the commencement of the present rebellion, in order to equalize the
numbers among the districts of the said States, and having considered and
allowed for the nmnber already furnished as aforesaid, and the time of their
services aforesaid, do hereby assign as the first proportional part of the
ouota of troops to be furnished by the district of the State of , under
uiis the first can made by me on the State of , under the act approved
March 8, 1868, entitled *'An act for enrolling and calling out the national forces,
and for other purposes," and, in pursuance of the act aforesaid, I order that a
draft be made in the said district of the State of for the number of
men herein assigned to said district, and 60 per cent, in addition.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the
United States to be afiOzed. Done at the city of Washington this day of
, in the year of our Lord one thousand eij^ht hundred and sixty-three,
and of the Independence of the United States the eighty-eighth.
This order, with the special instructions necessary in the case, was
communicated by me to the pix)vost-marshal of the district, and the
State anthorities were informed as to the action to be taken, and their
co-ox>eration solicited. The firat drawings took place in the State of
Rhode Island. They commenced on the 7th of July, 1863, and were
made there, and soon after in the other New England districts, with-
out difficulty.
On the 11th of July the drawing commenced in the city of New
York. On the 13th the business was broken up by a mob, composed
mainly of foreigners. The headquarters of two of the provost-
marshals were burned and the public property was destroyed, except-
ing the records, which were, fortunately, removed to a place of safety.
The disturbance in New York City was followed by resistance to
the draft in Boston and Troy. The riots in these cities, however,
were but feeble responses to the great effort made in New York to
defeat the execution of the enrollment act. Quiet was promptly
restored in Boston by the local authorities. Though interrupted for
the moment, the draft was not abandoned. On the 17th of July the
following order was issued.*
A large body of troops having been withdrawn from the field and
sent to New York to enforce the law and maintain order, the draft
was resumed on the 19th of August, and was carried through witliout
further resistance.
*See Circular No. 48, Provost-Marshal-General's Office, Vol. Ill, this series,
p. 624.
40 R B— SERIES III, VOL V
626 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
The ix)Hult8 iu detail of this draft are shown in Table 5, Document
6, of Api)endix.
The number of names drawn was 203, 441
FaUed to report W,417
Discharged (qnota of sab-difitrict being full) 447
Discharged per order 13
89,877
Number examined 258, 564
Number exempted 104,394
Number found liable to duty 88, 170
Held to personal service 9,880
Furnished substitutes 26, 00*3
Paid commutation 52, 288
88,170
The examination of the drafted men wascondncted with great faith-
fulness and fairness, and yet out of 252,5G4men examined under this
draft, but 9,880 failed to secure exemption from personal service
under some one of the special provisions of the law, as set forth in
sections 2 and 13 of the enrollment act approved March 3, 1863. a
Of all held to service, only 26,002 furnished substitutes; so that
after drafting 292,441 men, but 35,882 soldiers were obtained. The
proportion of exemptions on account of mental and physical infirmi-
ties under this draft was not unduly large. The following facts appear
from tables herewith : a
Bates r^ted per IfiOO on aoooutU of menial and physioai infirmities.
United States in 1863 316.91
France:
From 1831 to 1843: 824.04
In 1859 817.00
Great Britain:
From 1832 to 1851 318.59
In 1862 401.00
Belgium from 1851 to 1855 320.06
In accordance with section 13 of the act, the Secretary of War, on
the 30th of June, 1863, announced that the amount to be paid by any
I)erson who might be drafted, in order to secure exemption from serv-
ice, was $300.
Fifty- two thousand two hundred and eighty-eight of those exam-
ined under this draft and found liable and fit to perform military
duty secured exemption by paying $300 each.
A fund of $15,686,400 thus accrued under this draft, and, being
appropriated by section 13 for the procuration of substitutes, it was
used as hereinafter explained under the head of **Call of October 17,
1863."
The large proportion of exemptions defeated, in a measure, the
object of the law, and a modification reducing the causes of exemp-
tion was urgently demanded by the public exigencies of that period:
The necessity for a change having been demonstrated by actual test
and practical experience, the more rigid features subsequently intro-
duced as amendments to the law were accepted by the people gener-
ally, and added nothing to the difficulties encountered in carrying
out the measure.
a See Appendix, Doc. 8.
imiOK AUTHOBITIES. 627
This draft, though not directly fruitful in producing men, served
the essential purpose of substituting the reality for the semblance of
conscription, and of establishing the power and determination of the
Government to proceed in the re-enforoement of its armies. When it
was resorted to volunteering had stopped, and would not have been
again started without the spur of the draft. Having applied it and
increased the bounties to the largest practicable limit, a call for vol-
unteers was made on the 17th of October, 1863, a and the 5th of Jan-
uary following was fixed as the day for commencing a second draft in
all localities that had not furnished their quota of volunteers by that
time.
Indefiniteness in certain parts of the law caused misunderstanding
and embarrassment in effecting the draft. The most marked
instances of this were the following: First, an order was issued from
this office on the 12th of July, 1863, in the following terms, to wit:
Anv drafted person paying |800, xmder section 18 of the enrollment act, is
thereby exempt from fnruier liability nnder that draft, but not from any subse-
qaent draft. Any drafted person fnrnishinff an acceptable snbstitate is exempt
m>m military service for the period for which said substitnte is mustered into
the service.
The intention and effect of this order was to encourage the presen-
tation of men instead of money. It was in accordance with the law,
as interpreted by the Solicitor of the War Deimrtment in the follow-
ing opinion:
It has been claimed that persons paying $800 are discharged from farther lia-
bility, not only nnder that anit but nnder all other drafts which may be ordered
dnring the time for which they were originally drafted. This supposed exemp-
tion has been asserted throngh misapprehension of the language and meaning of
the statute.
The liability of certain citizens of the United States to do military duty is
declared in the first section of the act, viz: **A1] able-bodied citizens, &c., between
the ages of twenty and fortv-five (except, Ac.) are hereby declared to constitute
the national forces, and shall be liable to perform military duty in the service of
the United States when called out by the President for that purpose. '' Provisions
are made for enrolling said forces; and *' All persons thus enrolled shall be sub-
ject, for two years after the 1st day of July succeeding the enrollment, to be
called into the military service of the United States, ana to continue in service
during the present rebBllion, not, however, exceeding three years.** These quo-
tations show that the liability of enrolled men to be called into the military serv-
ice exists, and is derived from the declaratory clauses of the statute, and is fixed
and made personal by the enrollment, even if no draft be made or if no persons
are actually called into the service. Liability is not destroyed if no service is
required or rendered, as a debt is not discharged while payment is not called for
or received.
Whenever the President determines to call out a portion of the national forces
the Board of Enrollment must make a draft, or selection by lot; Uie persons
drafted are required to be notified of the draft by a special notice, *' reqtdring
them to appear at a designated rendezvous and report for duty."
The duty or liability imposed upon the citizen oy the drafts, as stated in the
statute, is to appear and report for duty, the liability to serve as a soldier having
been imposed ux>on him, not by the draft, but by the declaratory stetions of the
act above cited; and when he is discharged from liability under that draft, either
by furnishing a substitute, or by paying the commutation monev, or by beuiff
sent home as a supemimierary in accordance with section 16, he is simply releasea
from his obligatiim to " report for duty " under the notice which has been served
on him. In other words, whether a drafted man is discharsred as an exempt, or
released from his obligation to " report for duty" by paying nis money or furnish-
ing his substitute, or mscharged because ** the required number shall have been
obtained," in all these cases he is discharged from further liability under that
draft, and that only. But no discharge takes away his liability to be deemed
part of the ** military forces," nor his liability to be continued as *' enrolled," nor
nis liability to do military duty under any succeeding draft.
a See Appendix, Doc. 86,
628 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
If a person was in the service on the 8d of March, 1868, or has served oat the
period of the first draft, he still belongs to tne '* national forces," and is liable to
anv future draft.
As the draft, notice, and service thereof add to the enrolled man no new lia-
bility, except that of '* reporting for dutj;" and of being treated as a deserter in
case of '* failure to appear and report,** it follows that release from "further
liability under a draft *'^ does not ta&e away liability to do military duty, but only
liability to be punished for failure to appear and report after due service of
notice. The thirteenth section provides two modes of obtaining discharge from
that liability, viz: First, by tendering an acceptable substitute on or before the
day fixed for the appearance of the drafted man to take his place in the draft; or,
seoond, the payment of a sum, to be fixed by the Secretarv of War, for the proc-
uration of such substitute, and thereux>on such person so furnishing a substitute
or paying the money shall be discharged from any further ** liability under that
drwt:" and any person '* failing to r^»ort** after due service of notice as herein
described, without furnishing a substitute or paying the required sum therefor,
shall be deemed a deserter, &c.
This language also strengthens the conclusion that the liability under that
draft means lialnlity to *' report for duty,** a failure to perform that duty subject-
ing the offender to oe treated as a deserter.
It the statute had made no other provision than that found in section 18, there
might have been some force in the suggestion that persons who pay the money
were placed upon the same footing as ^oee who furmsh the substitute, and there
woida be some plausibility in the suggestion that as the money paid for commu-
tation is "for tne procuration of a substitute,** the party paying it should be
placed on an equality of exemption with him who hais actually furnished such
substitute. But if this sugsestion were correct it would be immaterial, because
the exemption provided in the thirteenth sectimi for those who pay money or fur-
nish substitutes is limited in terms to liability xmder that draft, and not extended
to exemption from any succeeding draft, nor to exemption from " military duty.**
All question as to the extent of exemption is removed by reference to the seven-
teentii section, which provides that *' any nerson enrolled and drafted aocordinflf
to the provisions of tnis act, who shall rnmish an acceptable substitute, shall
thereupon receive from the Board of Enrollment a certificate of discharge from
such draft,*' which (certificate) shall exempt him from military duty during the
time for which he was drafted, &c.
This section provides not that the person who furnishes a substitute shall be
free from further liability under that draft, but that he shall be free from aU mil-
itary duty for a given time, and therefore by law free from all suMequent drafts
for the period for which he was originally drafted. This exemption is wholly
different from that provided in section 18, and is in addition thereto. An exemp-
tion from all lialnlify to do military duty for a limited period is quite different
from an exemption from a requisition "to appear and report** at a given tame
and place.
Statutes must be so constructed that all clauses thereof should be operative, and
all parts of the law should be taken into consideration in determining the mean-
ing ctf any particular provision thereof.
The object of the law was to raise men and not to collect money. It was obvi-
ously to give those who procured substitutes a decided advantage over those who
should pay the money, because the money is not what was wanted, and it nugfat
not be sufficient to enable Qovemment to obtain substitutes. If it were suflScient,
ttte burden of getting substitutes is placed upon the Government. Congress may
weU have thought it just to give less advantages to those who avoided fiieir du^
of serving the oountiy in time of war by paying a small sum of money than to
those who performed it by taking the field in x>er8on or by substitutes.
The construction of this statute is made still moreplain by considering the pecul-
iar language' of the seventeenth section. This section provides that the Board of
Enrollment shall give " a certificate of discharge from the draft *' to him who fur-
nishes an acceptable substitute, and that "that certificate'* shall exempt him
from military duty during the time for which he was drafted. It is not the pay-
ment of money nor the furnishing a substitute that exempts the drafted man 6om
" military service ; ** it is " the certificate of the Board of Enrollment ** which has
that effect. That certificate cannot lawfuUy be given to the man who pays
money ; it must be given to him whose substitute is accepted.
To say that one who has only x>aid money is entitled to a " certificate** is to
insert a new provision in the act. To say that he is entitled to the same exemp-
tion as one wno has the " certificate" is to deprive section 17 of that act of its
force and effect. The provision tear exemption in section 17 is important only
UNION AUTHOKITIE& 629
because it gives to tboee who furnish snbstittites an exemption not given them by
the thirteenth section, which had already secured them a discharge from further
liability under that draft.
Hence the conclusion seems undeniable that the seventeenth section must be
ignored as of no effect upon the question of exemption, or else it must add some-
thing to section 13, the thirteenth section having secured a discharge from further
liability under that draft to those who either pay the money or produce the sub-
stitute. Section 17 follows up the subject by authorizing the issue by the Board
of a certificate to those who find substitutes, which certificate shall discharge
them from all liability under all drafts to do any military duty for a given time,
to be stated therein ; while the person who pars money and is discharged from
further liability " under that draft " is released from his duty to enter the service
at that time ; but, not being released from his enrollment, is liable to any subse-
quent draft if such draft should be made.
WILLIAM WHITING.
Solieitor of the War D^fMritneni.
I executed the law thus expounded by the Solicitor until Noyem-
ber 1, 1863, when the subject, still being regarded as one in doubt,
was brought to the immediate notice of the President, who examined
it and ordered as follows:
The State receives the same credit for a man who has paid commutation as if
the drafted citizen had gone in person or furnished a substitute ; and, in like man-
ner, towns which have raised tne money to pay for their ouotas receive the same
credit as if actual substitutes had been furnished. It is oraered that every citizen
who has paid the $900 commutation shall receive the same credit therefor as if he
had furnished a substitute, and is exonerated from military service for the time
for which he was drafted, to wit, for three years.
When the law was amended on the 24th of February, 1864,a the
doubt was removed by a proviso that "if any drafted person shall
hereafter pay money for the procuration of a substitute under the
provisions of the act to which this is an amendment, such payment
of money shall operate only to relieve such person from draft in filling
that quota, and his name shall be retained on the roll in filling future
quotas," Ac.
Writs of habeas corpus, — During this draft the practice of serving
writs of habeas corpus on the officers of the Bureau became so preva-
lent as to interfere seriously with the progress of the business. The
rule of the Bureau in regand to such writs issued by U. S. courts was
to obey the writs and abide by the judgment of the court. In the
cases of like writs issued by State courts the course pursued was in
accordance with the following opinion of the Solicitor of the War
Department.*
The courts, in many cases, still claiming jurisdiction, regarded the
officer making the return as guilty ot contempt. This condition of
things imiK)sed upon the officers of the Bureau difficult and embar-
rassing labors, and materiall}^ impeded the successful performance
of their duties.
A further obstacle was met in civil courts assuming jurisdiction in
cases of claims for exemption from military duty. Section 14 of the
eniollment act says:
• * * All iMrsons drafted and claiming exemption from military duty on
account of disability, or any other cause, shall present their claims to be exempted
to the Board, whose decision shall be final.
The statute thus made the Board of Enrollment the special and
only tribunal before which claims for exemption could be tried, wisely
a See act in Apx)endix, Doc. 85.
* For opinion, see Circular No. 86, Provost-Marshal-Gtoneral's Office, July 1, 1888,
Vol. Ill, this series, p. 480.
630 CORRESPONDENGB, ETC.
prescribing that the decision of the Board should be final. But, not-
withstanding this, certain judges assumed jurisdiction in cases of
claims for exemption, both before and after the boai'ds had given
final decision on them, as required by the statute. According to the
opinion of these judges there was practically no finality in the exam-
ination of drafted men unless they were all exempted by the boards.
In one instance, during the daily examination of men, a judge ordered
the records of the Board of Enrollment to be delivered to him in
eovLYt. The order was not obeyed inasmuch as obedience to it would
have been a violation of the law, and might have delajred for an
indefinite period the business of the Board in that district.
In Pennsylvania an attempt was made to obstruct the draft by
means of a bill in chancery; and an injunction was granted by a
majority of the supreme court of that State, which, however, was
not obeyed.
The action of the civil courts in the foregoing particulars threatened
for a time, in several districts, to defeat, or at least to suspend, the
business of raising troops and of arresting deserters, and either to
throw the officers of this Bureau into custody, or keep them so con-
stantly before the courts as to prevent their attendance upon the
duties for which they were appointed, and thus to defeat the raising
of an army according to the law. These difficulties were subsequently
terminated by the proclamation of the President, dated September 15,
as follows:*
In accordance with the above proclamation I issued Circular No.
85. a It directed that if a writ of habeas corpus should, in violation
of the aforesaid proclamation, be sued out and served upon any officer
in the military service of the United States, commanding him to pro-
duce before any court or judge any person in his custody by authority
of the President of the United States, belonging to any one of the
classes specified in the President's proclamation, it should be the duty
of such officer to make knovm by his certificate, under oath, to whom-
soever may issue or serve such writ of habeas corpus, that the i>er8on
named in said writ '' is detained by him as a prisoner under authority
of the President of the United States."
Such return having been made, if any person serving, or attempt-
ing to sei-ve, such writ, either by the command of any court or judge,
or otherwise, and with or without process of law, should attempt to
arrest the officer making such return and holding in custody such
person, the said officer was thereby commanded to refuse submission
and obedience to such arrest, and if there should be any attempt to
take such person from the custody of such officer, or arrest such
officer, he should resist such attempt, calling to his aid any force that
might be necessary to maintain the authority of the United States
and render such resistance effectual.
The time when drafted men might pay commiUaMon or present sub-
stitules.
Section 13 of the original enrollment act is as follows:
Sbc. 13. And he it further enojcied. That any person drafted and notified to
appear as aforesaid may, on or before the day fixed for his appearance, famish an
acceptable substitate to take his place in the draft; or he may pay to each person
as the Secretary of War may authorize to receive it such sum, not exceedins
three hmidred aollars, as the Secretary may determine, for the procuration ol
a See Appendix, Doc. 24, Art. 2.
• See Vol. UI, this series, p. 817.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 631
BQcli snbetitute, which sum shall be fixed at a nnif onn rate by a general order
made at the time of ordering a draft for any State or Territorv; and thereupon
BQch person so fumishinK the substitute, or paying the money, snail be discharged
from further liability unoer that draft. Ana anv person failing to report after due
service of notice, as herein prescribed, without furnishing a substitute, or paving
the required sum therefor, shall be deemed a deserter, and shall be arrested bv
the provost-marshal and sent to the nearest military post for trial by court-martial ,
unless, upon proper showing that he is not liable to do military duty, the Board
of Enromnent shall relieve him from the draft.
I understood it to be the meaning and intention of the law to limit
the privilege of putting in a substitute, or paying money, to the
I)eriod prior to the time fixed for the drafted man's actual appearance,
and that during this period he should determine which of the three
things he would do — furnish a substitute, pay the commutation money,
or appear in person for duty. According to my construction, the
privil^e of doing either of the first two was to terminate by law with
*Hhe day fixed for his appearance." On or before that day he was to
pay commutation money or present for duty a substitute or himself.
He could do either of the first two things without being troubled to
appear at all. Whichever offer he made the Government was required
to accept. If he presented himself, and upon examination was found
suitable for military duty, I did not consider it in the meaning of the
law or the interests of the service that the case should be reopened,
and that one of the two special privileges expiring by law with the
day fixed for his appearance should be renewed. To allow this would
reduce the number of conscripts, delay the procuring of men, and add
to the labors and complications of the Bureau. The draft was resorted
to only as a stem necessity, after other means of recruiting had failed.
The object was to re-enforce its armies. That object could not prop-
erly be sacrificed or subordinated to the preferences or prejudices
of the x>arties unpleasantly affected by the draft. It was urged that
being an obnoxious measure it should be administered with gentleness
and generosity. The principle thus asserted was not disputed in this
Bureau. On the contrary, it was made to apply to all of our people —
those in front of the enemy as well as those at home. But all ten-
derness (not required by law) to those who stayed at home and waited
to be drafted — all consideration for them which would delay the
execution of the draft and reduce the number of conscripts furnished
by it — ^was clearly harshness and cruelty to the men who had gone
forth voluntarily, and whose safety as well as that of the country
depended on prompt re-enforcements.
The law did not permit the drafted men to provide substitutes or
pay commutation after the day fixed for their appearance. It was
not practicable on the day fixed for their appearance both to complete
their examination and go through the operation of receiving their
money or substitutes. I therefore directed that they must decide
before their examination and abide by the choice. The following are
official opinions rendered by the Judge-Advocate-General on the
subject :
In the catte of a drafted man who fails to furnish a substitute, or pay cotnmvr
tation, on or before the day fixed for his appearance,
OPINION.
Under the thirteenth section of the enrollment act, it is clear that a party drafted
and wishing to furnish a substitute or pay the commutation must do so ^* on or
before the day fixed for his appearance." The privilege ejroires with that day.
If he fails to re];>ort himself, and is arrested as a deserter, he nas still the light to
632 COBRESPOKDENCE, ETC.
So before the Board of Enrollment and prove that *' he is not liable to do military
nty; ** but if, on hearing his claim to exemption, he is held to be liable, he cannot
escape personal service. He is also, under snch drcnmstances, subject to be pro-
ceeded against as a deserter.
J. HOLT,
Judge-Advocate-Oeneral.
• ••••••
The right to famish a sabstitate or nay the commutation is derived wholly from
the enrollment act. That act gives the right only on or before the day fixed for
the party's appearance. It does not exist afterward, simply because the law does
not give it.
• ••««• •
J. HOLT,
Judge-Advooate-OeneroL
On the 18th of July, 1863, the following circular was issued permit-
ting men to pay commutation or provide substitutes after they had
been examined and found liable to duty, with the result that, instead
of doing either, many availed themselves of the opportunity to
abscond.*
T?ie substUtUion of colored for while men under iJie draft of Jvly^ 1863,
This draft was made in order to fill up the ranks of the depleted
regiments in the field, especially those in the Army of the Potomac.
During its progress every variety of artifice was put in practice,
especially by those opposed to the war, not only to escape service,
but to do so at the least possible cost, without regard to the interests
of the Government. One method was to take advantage of the igno*
ranee and necessities of negroes and buy them up at a cheap rate as
substitutes for drafted white men. So far as this practice was per-
mitted to prevail the purpose of this draft, filling up the ranks of
the old regiments (which were composed of white troops), was defeated
The traffic was carried on among those negroes already freed, and
did not benefit those held in bondage, nor was it designed to do so
by the persons engaged in it. In view of these facts, and of the
further fact that the Government could not at that time put negroes
to good use as soldiers, the laws in reference to the status of negroes
were examined to see whether they required that a negro should be
taken as a substitute for a white man under the draft then in progress.
The legislation affecting the status and rights of this class of per-
sons had been gradual and was incomplete. The result of it was
before the Bureau in the following opinion of the Solicitor of the
War Department :
In regard to the employment ofpertons of African descent in the military service,
their pay y and emoluments.
By the eleventh section of the act of Jnly 17, 1863, entitled **An act to define
the pay and emolnments,** &c.. the President was anthorized to employ as many
persons of African descent as ne should deem necessary and proper for the sni^
pression of this rebellion, and to organise and nse them in such manner as ho
jndged for pnblic welfare. No provision was specially made for their comi>en8a>
tion in that act.
By the fifteenth section of the act of Jnlv 17, entitled *An act to amend the
act calling forth the militia,'* Ac., it is provided that each person enrolled under
that act Tauthorizing the raising of 100,000 volunteers for nine months), who
should enlist in the infantry under the provisions of section 8 of that act, uiould
be entiUed to receive his first month's pay and $25 bounty upon thb mustering of
his company or regiment into the service of the United States. (£fee section 8.)
* See Circular Ko. 51, Provost-Marshal-Oeneral's Office, July 18, 1868, Vol. HI,
this series, p. 685.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 633
3. AH persons enrolled under that act are entitled to receive (by section 15)
the pay and rations now allowed by law to soldiers, according to their respective
graaes: Provided, That iiersons of African descent who snonld be employed
.under the law should receive $10 per month and one ration each per day, of
'which $8 might be paid in clothing. By the act of March 8, 1863, cooks of
African descent are entitled to receive for their full compensation |10 x>cr month
and one ration each per day, $8 of which monthly pay may be in clothing.
It seems, therefore, that in accordance with the foregoing acts persons of
African descent received into the service of the United States as volunteers
under said act are entitled to receive as pay $10 -per month and one ration daily,
of which monthly pay $8 per month may be in clothing.
WILLIAM WHTTINa,
Solioitor of the War Department,
April 25, 1868.
Congress made a distinction, esi)ecially in the matter of bounty,
between white and colored troops, and continued it up to July, 1864,
as shown in this report, under the head of "Colored men and their
relation to the military service." It does not appear whether this
resulted only from the general principles governing supply and
demand, or from a supposed difference in the value as soldiers of
these two classes of persons.
The Solicitor, when consulted on the particular point of accepting
negroes as substitutes for white men, under the draft then being
m^e, was of opinion that it would not be in accordance with the
meaning and intention of the laws in force at the time to do so. In
compliance with special instructions from the President, an order
was issued on the 20th of July, 1863, a directing that men of African
descent should only be accepted as substitutes for each other.
Exemption of clergymen and persons of conscierUious scruples, &e.
Under the law as it stood at the time this draft was made, no
exemptions were allowed on account of religious creeds or conscien-
tious scruples against bearing arms. The amendments approved
February 24, 1864, however, granted exemptions to persons of this
class, under certain strict limitations. The action of the Bureau in
this matter is shown in the following report, in answer to a resolution
of the House of Representatives.*
Under the original act embarrassment frequently arose in the
attempt to secure, as required bylaw, military service under the draft
from ministers of the gospel, but more especially from members of
the society of "Friends, or Quakers." The experience of the Bureau,
in this respect, was substantially the same as that of the Government
during the ante-Revolutionary period, with the same class of persons. 6
The coll of October 17, 1863,
As heretofore stated, the draft discussed in the foregoing produced
by its direct operation but 35,882 men, of whom 26,002 were substi-
tutes. This number was far below the re-enforcements required by
the armies, which had been greatly depleted by the campaigns of the
summer. Their commanders being very urgent in their demands for
additional men, a plan was devised under the law to procure them
with the fund accumulated by the payment of exemption money
under this draft. Fifty-two thousand two hundred and eighty-eight
of the drafted men examined, found liable and fit to perform military
a See Aiipendiz, Doc. 24, Art. 1. h See Appendix, Doc. 81.
♦See Pry to Stanton, February 7, 1865, Vol. IV, this series, p. 1154.
634 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
duty, had secured exemption by paj'ing $300 each, making a total of
$15,086,400, which the law required should be usod in procuring sub-
stitutes. The method of employing this money for this purpose was
such as to provide men at the earliest practicable day.
The object being, as under the draft, to procure recruits (substi-
tutes) for the ranl» of the oi^anizations then in the field, detailed
instructions were issued as soon as the business connected with the
draft permitted in any district for the payment of various bounties,
rewards, and premiums.
In addition to these Inducements the spur of an imi)ending draft,
made effective by the remembrance of its enforcement during the
past summer, was deemed necessary to stimulat<e recruiting. Accord-
ingly, on the 17th of October the President issued a proclamation, as
follows:*
The 5th of January was fixed as the day of draft in order to give
Congress time to amend the enrollment act. The plan referred to
above had essentially but two objects: First, to offer a large bounty
to the man presenting himself as a recruit, this bounty being divided
into installments and distributed through the period of his enlist-
ment; second, to secure the services of active and reliable men as
recruiting agents, who, liberally remunerated by the premium allowed
for each man they presented, would devote themselves wholly to the
business, be under the control of the Government, and held responsi-
ble for their behavior.
A dread of the draft on the part of some, and a commendable pride
in having their localities escape compulsory service on th** part of
others, resulted in defeating these two main objects. To fill their
respective quotas and avoid the draft, towns, counties, and States
offered bounties and premiums so greatly in excess of those offered
by the Government as to make the latter of inappreciable effect, espe-
cially as the local bounties were generally paid in full at the time of
enlistment.
In the anxiety of towns and States to fill quotas useful regulations
and wholesome restraints upon fraud and abuse were, in some
instances, pronounced by the public to be unnecessary and vexatious
obstacles to success in recruiting, and were consequently defeated or
disregarded.
Such was the case in relation to the rule requiring that recruiting
agents should be limited in number and under the control of and
responsible to the Government, and should have the monopoly of
the business. It was urged upon the Bureau that the interest of the
people in raising men was destroyed or restrained by a rule which
permitted only certain authorized agents to receive premiums for
presenting recruits and prevented the people at large from doing so.
As the amount of local bounties and premiums (or *' hand money," as
it was termed) increased, and the pecuniary inducements to volun-
teering offered by the Government became more insignificant in com-
parison with those provided by the States and subordinate localities,
and as the impending and dreaded draft could only be avoided by
the action of the people in procuring volunteers, it seemed best to
conform to the popular demand and remove the restriction as to
recruiting agents.
The opportunities for fraud and gain in connection with the
increase of local bounties grew rapidly, and with the business open
*See General Orders, No. 840, Adjutant-General's Office, October 19, 1863,
Vol. lU, this aeries, p. 892.
UKION AUTHORITIES. 635
to the bad as well as the good very soon produced the class of men
known as bounty and substitute brokers. The net-work with which
they covered the country was so well contrived and so skillfully man-
aged that it was difficult for recruits or substitutes to get into the
service without passing through their hands. The result of abandon-
iug the first plan of the Bureau — ^that of selecting and controlling the
recruiting agents and limiting their number — was to throw the busi-
ness into the hands of the brokers, who were generally bad and dis-
honest men, instead of having it conducted by men of good character,
who could be held responsible for their acts.
The wrongs to individuals and the injury to the recruiting service
and the cause of the country, resulting from the operations of these
substitute and bounty brokers and from the large local bounties, are
hereinafter discussed. They are of such character and extent as to
prove the necessity under similar circumstances, if they should arise
hereafter, of an entire suppression of substitute brokerage as prac-
ticed during the late war.
The draft under this call, which was to have taken place on January
5, 1864, did not commence at that time, in consequence of the progress
made in procuring volunteers, and of the fact that the law for draft-
ing remained unamended. The amendments were not made until
February 24, 1864. An account, however, of all troops furnished by
the different localities under this call, and of all obtained by the draft
preceding it, was kept in the manner shown hereafter, in order that
proper credit could be given in any draft which should subsequently
be made.
PABT ui.
TJie calls of February 1 and March Hy 186J^,
On the 30th of January, 1864, I reported to you as follows:
War DbPARTMBNT, PSOYOST-HARSHAL-GENEItAL'S OFFICE,
Washington, D. C, January 30, ISG4,
Hon. Edwin M. Stanton,
Secretary of War:
Sir : I have the honor to recommend that the total qnota of the entire first
draft nnder the enrollment act be fixed at 500,000, and that it be now apportioned
among the different localities in accordance with oi)inion of Hon. William Whit-
ing, Solicitor of the War Depaitment, as contained in Circnlar No. 8, of January
7, 1864, from this of&ce, a and that the apportionment be immediately commnm-
cated to all concerned. I would further recommend that the 10th of March next
be fixed as the time for commencing the draft for all quotas in all localities where
they are not furnished by the Ist of March.
You will observe that as the President's call for men dated October 17, 1863,
was for 300,000, the foregoing proposition to make the total quota for draft 500,000
is virtually making an additional call for 200,000 men, less the number obtained
by the late draft. I think it is best to make such an additional call, and to make
it at this time.
• **•*••
I am, sir, very re8T)ectfully, your obedient servant,
JAMES B. FRY,
Provost-Marshal-OenercU.
Approved.
E. M. STANTON.
On the Ist of February, 1864, the President issued an order for draft
as follows:*
The report above shows the manner in which the quotas and credits
were arranged. The credits allowed on and applied in i-eduction of
a See Appendix, Doc. 26, [Art. 1].
*See General Orders, No. 35, Adjutant-General's Office, February 1, 1864, Vol.
rV, this series, p. 59.
636 COBBK8PONDENCE, ETC.
this call for 500,000 troops embraced all those arising from the tenta-
tive draft commenced in July, 1863, and all those under the call of
October 17, 1863. This call of February 1 was in fact only for
200,000 men, less the number obtained directly by the draft.
To take advantage of the time during which Congress had provided
that large bounties should be paid for volunteers, and to meet an
anticipated reduction in the number of men to be obtained for the
Army under the preceding call, on account of the law requiring that
men going into the Navy should be credited, a call for 200,000 more
men was made, as shown below, and the draft (fixed for the 10th of
March) was po8tiK)ned to allow volunteering under the new call.
The original act of March 3, 1863, was amended Februar}^ 24, 1864.
The first section of the amendment provided that the President of
the United States should be authorized, whenever he should deem it
necessary during the present war, to call for such number of men for
the military service of the United States as the public exigencies
might require.
Under the provisions of this act the Pi-esident, on the 14th of March,
issued a proclamation a in which a call was made and a draft ordered
for 200,000 men for the military service (Army, Navy, and Marine
Corps) of the United States to supply the force required to be drafted
for the Navy, and to provide an adequate reserve force for all con-
tingencies. It designated the 15th of April, 1864, as the time up to
which the quotas assigned to the different wards, towns, townships,
Ac, might be filled by voluntary enlistments, and directed that a
draft should be commenced as soon after that date as piacticable in
each ward of a city, town, Ac, which had not then filled its quota.
It directed that the Government bounties then paid should continue
until April 1, 1864, and that on and after that date $100 bounty only
should be paid as provided by the act approved July 22, 1861.
The draft commenced as required by the foregoing order, and was
completed without serious diflficulty or opposition.
The results of these calls, viz, the draft of 1863 and the call of
February 1, 1864, for 500,000 men, including the 300,000 called for
October 17, 1863, and that of March 14, 1864, for 200,000 additional,
are given in table herewith, h They may be recapitulated as follows:
Nnmber called for 700,000
Bednced by redaction in qnotas after their distribntion among
the States 45,274
Bednced by reduction in credits on account of excess over all
qnotas previously assigned 162,901
Beauced by reduction in credits on account of drafted men who
paid commutation 84,733
Total reduction 292,908
Leaving the number to be obtained 407,092
The whole number of voluntary enlistments under these calls was
489,462, viz:
Volunteers:
White n25,386
Colored 11,878
Veteran volunteers 136,507
Begulars 7,776
Seamen 7,697
Marines 788
Total voluntary enlistments 489,462
aSee Appendix, Doc. 86. 6See Appendix, Doc. 0, Tables 6, 7, and 6.
UNION AUTH0EITIE8. 637
The whole number of drafted men and sabetitates obtained was 48,200,
viz:
Number held to personal Benrioe 18,206
Number of subsatates for drafted men 84,018
48,200
Whole number obtained under these calls* 687,671
Leaving a surplus of 180,570, which was carried forward to call of July 18, 1864.
CaU of July 18, 186^.
On the 18th of July, 1864, a call a was made for 500,000 men for one,
two, or three years' service, with the proviso that said call should be
reduced by all credits which might be established under section 8 of
the act approved July 4, 1864, on account of persons who have entered
the naval service during the rebellion, and for men furnished to the
military service in excess of calls previously made, and by reductions
on account of corrections made in the enrollment after quotas were
assigned.
The results of this call may be recapitulated as follows:
The number called for was _ 500.000
Beduced by-
Excess credits on former calls 180,570
Corrections of enrollment 28, 675
Naval credits, act of July 4. 1864- 64,882
Veterans not before allowed 11,860
Credits allowed by adjustment 85, 290
Paid commutation (section 17, act of February 24, 1864) 878
Total reductions. 265, 678
Total number to be obtained 284, 827
The whole number of voluntary enlistments under that call was
188,172, viz:
Volunteers:
White 146,802
Colored 15,961
Regulars 6,889
Seamen 17,606
Marine Corps 1,874
Total voluntary enlistments 188,172
The total number of drafted men and substitutes obtained under that osJl
was 54,707, viz :
Number held to personal service 26,205
Number of subsntutes for drafted men 28, 502
54,707
Numberof substitutes before draft for enrolled men 20,584
Total 84,291
Whole number obtained under the July call f 272, 463
During the time devoted to filling the call of July 18, 1864, and the
following call of December 19, 1864, the treatment by the rebels of
a See Appendix, Doc. 86, and Doc. 6, Table 9.
♦ But see Vol. IV, this series, p. 1266, for reviaed statement of the total number
of men furnished under these calls.
f But see Vol. IV, this series, p. 1267, for revised statement of the total number
of men furnished under this call.
638 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
oar troops who fell into their hands became generally known through-
out the country. There was probably nothing in all the operations of
the rebel armies or authorities which acted so unfavorably upon our
recruitment as the inhumanity with which the insurgents treated the
prisoners of war held by them. Men who would cheerfully enlist in
the cause of the Union and take all the chances of civilized warfare,
were not so willing to expose themselves to the protracted torture that
awaited them if, by the fortunes of war, they fell into the hands of
the enemy. If it was purposed by the cruelty shown to the victims
of Andersonville and like places of torture to discourage the recruit-
ment of the Union armies, this object was to a certain extent accom-
plished.
Action in certain contingencies under the caU of Jvly 18, 186^,
The thirteenth section of the enrollment act provides that ♦ ♦ ♦
''any person failing to report after due service of notice as herein
prescribed, without furnishing a substitute or paying the required
sum therefor, shall be deemed a deserter, and shall be arrested by the
provost-marshal and sent to the nearest military post for trial by
court-martiwl, unless upon proper showing that he is not liable to do
military duty, the Board of Enrollment shall relieve him from the
draft."
Under this section it was claimed that when the quota of a district
had once been drawn, no additional draft could be made for the defi-
ciency occasioned by the failure of the drafted men to report. It was
urged that men drawn in the draft were, in law and in fact, in the
military service, and that it was the duty of the Gfovernment to arrest
delinquents and not to require new men to make good the deficiency
occasioned by the failure of drafted men to report.
To this I replied that the act of March 3, 1863, declared that all
able-bodied male citizens of proper age, with the exceptions enumer-
ated in the act, were liable to be called upon to perform military duty,
and that by drafting a man the Government acquires a jurisdiction
and control over him to the same extent as if he had voluntarily
enlisted in the service. If he deserts, or if, on examination by the
Board of Enrollment, he is rejected, he is not one of the "required
number obtained " in the language and meaning of the statute. Like
the enlisted recruit, the drafted man is liable to be held to service;
but if, on examination, the one is exempted by the Board of Enroll-
ment, or the other rejected by the mustering officer, no credit could
be given for either, because they are not "obtained" in the meaning
of the law.
The object of the draft is not to fill quotas; it is to raise troops,
and it should be executed with that view; and as every able-bodied
citizen of the proper age is subject to be called under arms, no drafted
man has just cause of complaint because he is required to render his
share of military service. The fact that the "required number" has
already been drawn is no reason why others should not be drawn, if
necessary, to obtain the number required for duty. If the required
number is not "obtained" because some have been exempted and
others failed to report and eluded arrest, or being arrested are found
unfit for service, the object of the law would be defeated if the draft
did not proceed until the required number is obtained.
When a man is drafted in lieu of one who has failed to report, he
is not "required" to fill a deficiency on account of the failure of the
first party to report, because it has not been ascertained that th3
UNION AUTHORITIES. 639
drafted man who has faile<l to i-eport would be accepted, and until
accepted he would not be counted on the quota, and therefore not
being counted, his failure to report creates no deficiency, but leaves
the matter in the same condition, so far as credit is concerned, as if
he had not been drafted. As well might a drafted man claim to be
discharged because an enlisted recruit who has been rejected by a
mustering officer is not credited upon the quota.
The principle here announced is in exact accordance with the legal
opinion a of the Judge- Advocate-General of the Army, given Septem-
ber 10, 1863. Were a different rule to be adopted, it would occasion
manifest injustice to those States in which former drafts have been
made and the quotas filled by men actually put in service, in addition
to those who were drafted and failed to report. Not only that, but
by a different ruling all those who have been drafted to fill the places
of men who failed to report would be illegally held to service and
ought to be discharged.
By the amendatory enrollment act of February 24, 1864, it is pro-
vided that the required number and 100 per cent, in addition shall be
drawn. Now, if it were granted that all drawn are in fact (as well
as in law) in the military service, and if none of those drawn should
report, not only would the quota be filled without the Government
getting a man, but the locality would have an excess equivalent to
the quota assigned and could not be expected to furnish men on
future calls.
Call of December 19, I864.
On the 19th day of December, 1864, a csAlh was made for 300,000
men to serve for one, two, or three years.
Under this call the whole number of voluntary enlistments was
157,058, viz:
Voliinteers :
White 130,690
Colored 10,055
Regnlars 6,958
Seamen 9,106
MarineCorps 819
Total voluntary enlistments 157,058
The whole number of drafted men and substitutes for drafted men was
34,580, viz:
Number held to personal service 12, 566
Number of substitutes for drafted men 12,014
Total 24,580
Number of substitutes for enrolled men 12, 997
Total drafted men and substitutes 37,577
Whole number raised under December call* 194, 635
As the suspension of active military operations occurred while the
business of the draft under this call was in progress, orders were
issued on the 13th of April, 1865, to discontinue the business of
recruiting and drafting; and on the next day all drafted men who
a See Appendix, Doc. 29. b See Appendix, Doc. 86.
*But see Vol. IV, this series, p. 1268, for revised statement of the total number
of men furnished under this call.
640 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
had not been forwarded to general rendezvous were ordered to be dis-
charged, and soon after all who had not been forwarded to the field
were discharged by orders through the Adjutant-General.
Quotas and troops furnished under aU calls.
Tlie aggregate quotas charged against the several States under all
calls ma^e by the President of the United States from the 15th day
of April, 186X, to the 14th day of April, 1865, at which time drafting
and recruiting ceased, was 2,759,049,* the terms of service varying
from three months to three years, as shown in detail in Appendix,
Document 6, Tables 2 and 3.
The aggregate number of men credited on the several calls and
put into service of the United States in the Army, Navy, and Marine
Corps during the above period was 2,690,401,* leaving a deficiency on
all calls when the war closed of 68,648, which would have been
obtained in f uU if recruiting and drafting had not been discontinued.
This number does not embrace the '' emergency men" called into
active service for short periods, amounting in all to over 72,000, and
hereinafter specially noted.
Assignment of quotas December 19, 1864.
Prior to the act of July 4, 1864,a the period of military service was
fixed at three years for drafted men and volunteers. This act, how-
ever, probably with a view to relieve the hardships of the conscrip-
tion, provided that the draft should be made for one year, and
volunteers be accepted for one, two, and three years' service. Shortly
after, to wit, July 18, 1864, a call h was made under it for 500,000
men for one, two, and three years. Under the law each sub-district
had the right to furnish men for one or all of these periods, and it
could not be determined in advance what class of recruits or what
proportion of each class would be furnished. As the three-years'
period embraced both the others, and as all existing excesses and
deficiencies consisted of three-years' men, I deemed it best to retain
that x)eriod as a basis for calculating the number of men required,
reserving the question of the value of the amount of service furnished
until it could be properly determined, after ascertaining what num-
ber of each class had been put in by each locality, when excess of
service could be credited and deficiency could be charged, as here-
tofore. The superiority of three-years' men over one-year men in
service was undisputed, and was recognized by Congress, triple
bounty being paid for that period as an inducement for men to enlist
for it. In accordance with the act of March, 1863, a requiring that in
making up the credits the term of service should be considered, as
well as the number of men furnished, I announced that credit would
be given on future calls for the amount of service furnished under
this call — ^that is to say, the aggregate years of service which the sub-
district furnished would be regarded as the value of the quota raised,
whether composed of one, two, or three years' men, or of portions of
all classes. This admitted of counting each man as a unit in filling
this call, the three-years' basis being retained, and the deficiency or
excess in amount of service furnished being reserved for consideration
a See Apxiendix, Doc. 35. b See Appendix, Doc. 36.
*But see reyised statement, Vol. IV, this series, p. 1269.
UNION AUTH0BITIE8. 641
when quotas under a subsequent call were to be apportioned, as pro-
vided by the act last referred to. This view of the subject was pre-
sented to the Solicitor of the War Department immediately after the
passage of the act of July 4, who, upon examination of the several
acts of Congress bearing upon the subject, fully sustained it, as will
appear by his opinion, dated August 1, 1864. a
The call of July 18,o 1864, contained a proviso directing that '^this
call shall be reduced by all credits which may be established under
section 8 of the aforesaid act, on account of x)ersons who have entered
the naval service during the present rebellion, and by credits for men
furnished to the military service in excess of calls heretofore made."
Under this provision the call was reduced from 500,000 to less than
300,000, rendering necessary an additional call, which was issued by
the President on the 19th day of December, 1864,6 for 300,000 men.
It was known that in addition to the ordinary losses incident to
active operations the Army during the year 1865 would be greatly
reduced by the expiration of the term of enlistment of a large num-
ber of troops, embracing all the three-years' men of 1862 who had not
re-enlisted in veteran organizations, the two-years' men of 1863, and
the one-year men of 1864. To meet this reduction and maintain the
effective strength of the Army the last call was made for actual men,
and embraced no margin for reduction on account of credits for
troops previously raised, as explained in a letter to the Governor of
Vermont, from which the following is an extract:
The pending call is not for 800,000 men subject to fair credits, but it is for
800,000 remaimnff after all fair credits have been deducted : and It is impossible
to concede what Vermont asks without coming out short oz the 800,000 men, or
making other localities pay for the i>artiality shown her.
• ••••••
Yours, truly,
A. LINOOLN.
It was not intended, however, to deprive any district or town of its
proper credit for men furnished under previous calls, nor to release
any district or locality from furnishing its quota under that call in
addition to its deiiciency existing under former calls. The object was
to raise 300,000 men in such manner that the excess or deficiency on
previous calls in every sub-district would be taken into account,
either to diminish or to increase the share of the 300,000 which the
sub-district would be required to furnish. No other proper method
of distribution could have been adopted to carry out the orders of the
President, produce 300,000 men under the call, and do justice to all
sections of the country.
As many districts and towns were in excess — ^that is, had furnished
more than their quotas under former calls — it was evident that they
would have less than a pro rata share to furnish under this call, while
those districts and towns that were deficient under former calls would
be called upon for more than a pro rata share under this.
The exact amount of excess or deficiency depended upon the
amount of service furnished under previous calls. In determining
this I considered not only the number of men raised, but the period
for which they engaged to serve as required by law.c
a See Appendix, Doc. 27, Art. 1.
b See Appendix, Doc. 86.
c Act March 8, 1868, section 12.
41 R Br-SERIES m, VOL V
642 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
In computing the quotas under the December call the correct prin-
ciple adopted by the Secretary of War in ordering the quotas under
the preceding calls was followed. In accordance with the opinion of
the Solicitor of the Department the same basis — three years — ^was
retained, and all men entering the service were counted as units in
filling the December call. The excess or deficiency in amount of
service furnished, resulting from the longer or shorter periods for
which the men filling the call were enlisted, was reserved for consid-
eration at the next call.
In order to ascertain the amount of service furnished prior to the
December call I followed the rule heretofore observed of multiplying
the number of men previously raised by the number of years for
which they were enlisted, regarding the term of enlistment as the
period of service.
It was impossible to follow the individual fortune or history of each
soldier to determine whether or not he had actually served the whole
period of his enlistment, or to make any estimate which would work
so fairly as the rule adopted. But six months had as yet elapsed
since the troops under the July call had been raised, and the precise
length of time any of these would actually serve could not be deter-
mined in advance. It was known, however, that as a rule soldiers
serve out their term of enlistment unless they are killed in action,
die, or are discharged for disability, in all of which cases their term
of enlistment expires as well as their term of service. Deserters do
not go out of service, but are required to make good the time lost by
desertion. Therefore I adhered to the rule which I had always
observed, and which had been adopted by the Adjutant-General prior
to the organization of this Bureau, and treated the "term of enlist-
ment" and the *'term of service" as identical, so far as related to the
question of credit for troops raised, a
Having multiplied the number of men raised by the number of
years for which they enlisted or were drafted, the product was the
number of years of service furnished.
Thus, where a given sub-district had put in service ten three-years'
men, fifteen two-years' men, and twenty one-year men it had fur-
nished in all just eighty years of service, viz:
10 X 3 = 30
15 X 2 = 80
20 X 1 = 30
Total... 80
Having ascertained the amount of service furnished under former
calls, the difference between that amount and the amount required
under former calls was the deficiency or excess.
Thus, if the number required from a sub-district under former calls
was 100, and the amount furnished was 80, that sub-district would be
deficient twenty years of service, which, in order to do justice to other
sub-districts, it would be required to make up.
On the other hand, if the amount furnished by the sub-district was
120, it would then have an excess of twenty years' service, to be
applied to its credit.
The amount of excess and deficiency was readily obtained, but it
consisted of years, while the quotas to be apportioned were to consist
of men for one, two, and three years' service, to be accepted for
a See Appendix, Doc. 27, Art. 2.
UiaON AUTHOBITIES. 643
whichever of these terms the different localities saw fit to present
them. Instead of being a simple proposition requiring but little
calculation to solve, it was an intricate problem attended with much
labor and perplexity.
In the first place, the call was for one, two, and three years' men.
It could not be required of a locality to furnish any particular number
of each class, or any one of the periods in exclusion of the others.
But while it was the privilege of each locality to select the class, or
the number of each class of troops to be raised, it was my duty to
determine the value of the quota furnished (which depended upon the
periods of service as well as the number of men) in order to keep the
accounts of the different districts, and see that each supplied its
proper share.
As the call was for a fixed number of men, with the privilege to
them of enlisting for one, two, and three years, it was proper that
each man accepted, whether for one or another of these periods,
should count as one in filling the call; but In ascertaining subse-
quently the amount of service furnished by the locality each man
would be rated according to the period of his enlistment. It was
therefore necessary to adopt a method of calculation that would
accomplish this object and at the same time take into account the
years of service in which the district was deficient or in excess under
former calls.
In order to do this I retained three years as the basis of calculation.
This has been the rule under all calls, and as remarked by the Solic-
itor of the War Department in his opinion heretofore referred to, 'Mt
is not material what unit is taken as the basis of equalization if that
unit is uniformly the same. It is on the assumption that the mode
of calculation heretofore adopted will be continued bv the Provost-
Marshal-General that the present call has been based.'
Taking three years as the basis, the amount of service required
was the product obtained by multiplying the number of men called
for by 3, making 900,000 years of service required under this call.
This amount the President demanded in addition to all previously
furnished, and it was to be distributed to all the districts and sub-
districts in proportion to the number enrolled in each, and taking
into account the excess and deficiency under former calls. The
aggregate of the excess of all the districts was added to the amount
required in the same manner as if the call had been originally that
much greater, and had been filled or partially filled in such districts
as had furnished excess, and to which extent these districts were now
entitled to credit, leaving still to be provided the 900,000 years of
service.
Having thus added the aggregate excess to the call, the sum was
apportioned to the several districts according to their enrollment,
and then from the share of each district thus found I deducted the
full amount of the excess which the district had actually furnished ;
the remainder was the number of years of service required from each
district under this call, increased by the deficiency or diminished by
the excess it had under former calls.
It will be observed that while the whole of the excess was added to
the call in the first instance it was afterward subtracted by deduct-
ing from the quota of each locality its own excess, the sum of which
excesses forms the total excess added, leaving the aggregate amount
required just 900,000 years of service.
644 COBRESPONDEKCE, ETC.
The following extract from the report of an interview between the
President and a committee appointed by the Legislature of Rhode
Island shows President Lincoln's views on the subject, and gives in
his language a clear illustration of the principle acted upon:
The President at this point interrupted the committee to say that complaints
from several States had already heen made to the same effect, and in one instance
the subject had been so earnestly pressed to his attention that he had jiersonallv
taken the pains to examine for himself the formula which the Provost-Marshal-
(General had adopted for the calculation and distribution of the quotas for the
different States, and had arrived at the conclusion that it was impossible for any
candid mind to doubt or question its entire fairness.
In order that your committee might be fully possessed of his opinion upon this
subject the President read the following paper, the original of which had been
forwarded to His Excellency the Gtovemor of the State of Vermont. *
The committee give the tV>llowing interesting account of further remarks on
the same subject by the President and officers of the War Department.
The President further stated that although the plan that had been adopted by
the Provoet-Marshal-General for the assisnment or the respective quotas met his
entire approval, and appeared to him to be the only one by which exact justice
could be secured, in view of the fact that ^e aggregate of the credits due to all
the States exceeded very considerably the number of men called for, and that
men, and not an adjustment of balances, was the object of the call, he had, for
the purpose of satisfying the minds of aJl iMurtiee, designated a board of ofBcan
to examine into the system and report their conclusions.
Having obtained the number of years of service required from each
locality, I divided that number by 3, to find the number of men.
This gave the quota in men of the districts under the call.
The method followed was this, in substance: The call, 300,000, was
multiplied by 3, making 900,000 as the number of years of service
required; this product, after being apportioned to the different dis-
tricts, was divided by 3, which gave the quotas of the districts,
amounting in the aggregate to 300,000 men.
It is hardly necessary to add that mnltipl3ring the number called
for by 3, and afterward dividing the product by the same number,
neither increases nor diminishes the number called for; nor does the
fact that three years was assumed as the basis of calculation increase
the number of men called for, or in any manner affect the amount of
service required.
The same rule was applied to all the districts and sub-districts
without exception, and whenever the quota of one district was appar-
ently greater than that of another containing an equal number of
enroll^ men, the difference resulted from the fact that the latter was
deficient, or the former in excess, in amount of service under previous
calls.
The deficiency or excess might have been occasioned by a greater
or less number of men, or by the inequality of the periods of service
of the same number of men. Whatever cause produced the one or
the other, it was simple justice and manifest law to equalize the
quotas and require from each locality its full share and no more under
all the calls.
The difference between this call and former calls was this : Hitherto
the calls were intended to be reduced by all existing surplus, as in
the case of the July call already adverted to, while this (December)
call was intended to produce 300,000 in addition to all surplus or
excess.
To illustrate: Supx)ose the entire amount of surplus in the United
States to have been 600,000 years of service,, or its equivalent, 200,000
*See Lincohi to Smith, February S, 1866, VoL-IV, this series, p. 1167.
mnOK AUTHORITISB. 645
men, a call designed to produce 300,000 men, allowing snrplns to be
credited on the call, would necessarily have been for 500,000 men.
Instead, therefore, of making the call for 500,000, the sum of the sur-
plus and the number to be raised, the surplus was excluded, and the
actual number of men required was called for, thus making the deduc-
tion for excess before issuing the call, instead of after, as had been
done formerly.
The latter rule fixed with certainty the number of men to be
obtained, while the former embraced a margin covering all surplus,
and necessarily increased the number called for.
A call for 500,000, which was only intended to raise 300,000 new
men, would not only produce the same effect at home and abroad as
a call designed to put 500,000 men in service, but would mislead com-
manders in the field, who had no reason to suppose that the whole
number called for would not be furnished.
It was the custom of the people to compute the number of men
raised by adding together the different calls, thus showing a much
greater number than had actually been furnished. It is scarcely
necessary to allude to the constant efforts of the enemies of the Gov-
ernment to discourage enlistments for the Union Army, and to inspire
the hopes of the rebel Government and people by magnifying the cost
at which we had thus far prosecuted the war.
According to the formula adopted the proper quotas were arrived
at, and though much of its workings seemed to the people inexpli-
cable, its final results were correct and just. In subsequent calls, if
there had been occasion therefor, this appearance of oppression and
injustice, together with the seeming mystery in the operations of the
formula, would have vanished, and in course of time we should have
had a system of conscription whose symmetrical details and ef&ciency
would have been satisfactory to all.
I have deemed it proper to treat this branch of the subject somewhat
in detail because it has been made the object of criticism and animad-
version by the press, and by parties affected by the rule which
required deficient districts to make good their deficiency. The dis-
cussion of the rule adopted, and the experience had under it, confirm
the fact that not only was the rule the right one, but that it was the
only one which could have been properly used.
Before leaving this subject it may not be out of place to refer to the
judicious guidance derived by this Bureau from the official advice of
the Solicitor of the War Department. The military statutes regulating
the action of the Provost-Marshal-General have been numerous, com-
plicated, and sometimes apparently confiicting. To carry them into
execution many orders had to be issued, and from time to time modi-
fied or entirely withdrawn. Some of these orders may have seemed
arbitrary or illegal; but whenever a doubt was expressed in regard
to the legality of the action of this Bureau the questions of law were
submitt^ to the Solicitor. His opinions were in some instances printed
and promulgated with or as a part of my orders. It is remarkable
that not a single instance occurred in which the correctness of any of
these opinions was disputed, so far as is known to this Bureau. In
every case the legal opinion answered all objections to the order. It
was enough to satisfy the people that the position taken was in accord-
ance with the law. This silenced all further complaints and opposi-
tion. When it is remembered that the questions thus decided affected
the personal rights and duties of many thousands of citizens, no
better proof can be offered of the high moral character of the people
646 COBBE8PONDENCE, BTC.
than their general willingness to fulfill a public duty as soon as they
recognized the legality of its exaction.
Special calls in 1862, 1863, and 186i--€aU of June IS, 1863,
In the early summer of 1863 the principal rebel army assumed the
offensive and entered upon an invasion of the North. In view of this
threatening emergency the President issued a call for 100,000 men,a
to serve for six months, of which the State of Maryland was to fur-
nish 10,000, the State of Pennsylvania 50,000, the State of Ohio 30,000,
the State of West Virginia 10,000. These troops were to be mustered
in as infantry, artillery, and cavalry, in proportions fixed by the War
Department. The States called upon were to be respectively credits,
under the enrollment act, for the militia services rendered under this
call.
Sixteen thousand three hundred and sixty-one men were mustered
Into service under this call. 6
Special force for service in Kentucky,
Under the act approved February 7, 1863,c " authorizing the raising
of a volunteer force for the better defense of Kentucky," said force
not to exceed 20,000 men, rank and file, to serve for the period of
twelve months, there were raised eight regiments of infantry, 7,383;
one regiment of cavalry, 1 , 157 ; two batteries of artillery, 240 ; re-enlisted
for three years.
Troops called out in 1862 and 1863, for periods of three morUhs or
A call was made on the 25th of May, 1862, by the President, upon
the States of Pennsylvania and New York, for three-months' militia,
in consequence of an incursion into Maryland and Pennsylvania
threatened by the enemy, after a successful attack upon our forces at
Winchester in the Shenandoah Valley.
This call was responded to, but previous to the muster in of the
troops offered by Pennsylvania the emergency which seemed to
demand their immediate service passed away, and on the 27th of the
same month the call was countermanded and revoked by the Governor.
The State of New York, however, had furnished 8,588 men, who were
mustered into service for three months.
In September, 1862, 26,000 of the State militia were called out, by
proclamation of the Governor of Pennsylvania, dated September 11,
1862, and by authority of the President's letter of the same date, for
service within the State to repel invasion. These troops were not mus-
tered into service, but were recognized and paid by the United States.
They were discharged and forwarded to their homes September 24,
having been in service two weeks.
In June, 1862, the State of Illinois furnished for special service, in
response to a call from the War Department, five regiments, amount-
ing in the aggregate to 4,696 men, who were mustered into the XT. S.
service for three months.
In the month of June, 1862, the State of Indiana furnished two
regiments, which were raised, organized, and mustered into service
a See Appendix, Doc. 36.
6 For details, see Apx)endix, Doc. 6, Table 8.
e See Appendix, Doc. 85.
UNION AUTHORITIEB. 647
for three months, Tinder 8i)eGial orders, to guard the rebel prisoners
in "Camp Morton," captured at Fort Donelson. An emergency
demanding their services in the interior of Kentucky, the larger part
of them were ordered there in August, and remained until the expira-
tion of their term of service.
On the 21st of June, 1862, Indiana furnished for special service in
Kentucky one regiment for thirty days, consisting of 771 officers and
men, who were raised, equipped, mustered in, and sent forward in
forty-eight hours. The Seventy-eighth Regiment (sixty-days' volun-
teers) was organized for same service as above, and sent forward in
August, 1862. Strength, 621 officers and men.
In June, 1863, New York and Pennsylvania were called upon by the
President for troops to meet the emergency created by the rebel inva-
sion which culminated in the battle of Gettysburg. Under this call
13,971 militia were sent forward by New York between June 15 and
July 3, 1863, to aid in repelling the invasion, who served about thirty
days.
Pennsylvania furnished 25,042 militia, who were mustered into State
service, but paid by the United States, and in addition, 7,062 militia,
who were mustered into the U. S. service.
These troops were discharged during the latter part of August and
first part of September.
The foregoing enumeration of men called out for short x)eriods only
embraces those mustered into the U. S. service, with the exception of
those from Pennsylvania, who were b}^ special agreement mustered
into State service only, though taken up and paid by the United
States. Besides these, some of the States called their militia to arms
to meet emergencies directly affecting them; but as these troops were
not mustered into the service or pay of the United States, they are
not further alluded to in this report.
Instances of the rapidity with which troops were raised by particu-
lar localities.
The following cases are cited as instances of the rapidity with which
troops were furnished by different localities in times of emergency:
Under the call of July 2, 1862, for 300,000 three-years' men, and of
August 4, 1862, for 300,000 nine-months' men, the quota of the State of
Illinois, under each call, was 24,148 [26,148], or an aggregate of 52,296.
The promptness with which these calls were responded to by this
State is without parallel in the history of the war.
The adjutant-general of the State, in his report dated January 1,
1863, says:
The order of the Secretary of War, maUiig the call npon the State, assumed
that a draft womld be necessary; and in anticipatinK that the States would not be
able to contribute their quotas of the call in July for three-years' service,
announced that if any State should not furnish its quota of the three-years* volun-
teers, the deficiency would be made up by a special draft from the militia.
On the evening of the 9th of August, 1862, the Adjutant-Gteneral of the Army
decided, on fixing the quota of volunteers, not to regard those in the field before
the call.
To raise 62,206 volunteers (with perhaps the exception of 1,000 who had
enlisted between July 7 and August 5) but thirteen days were allowed. In the
event of a failure, a ^raft would be made for the deficiency. The floating popula-
tion of the State who would enlist had done so. These new volunteers must come,
if come at all , from the farmers and mechanics of the State. Farmers were in the
midst of their harvest; and it is no exaggeration to say that, animated by a com-
mon purpose and firmly resolved on rescuing the Government, over 50,000 of them
left their harvests ungathered, their tools on the benches, the plow in the furrows,
and before eleven days expired the demands of the country were met and both
quotas filled.
648 COBBE8PONDENCE, ETC.
When the historian shall write the records of these eventful days in August,
1863, no pronder record can be erected to the honor and memory of a tree people
than a plain, fall narrative of actual realities.
The records of this office corroborate the foregoing statement, aiid
show that 58,689 men were put into service by the State of lUinois
ander these two calls.
Under the call for lOO-days' troops in April, 1864, preparatory to
the opening campaigns of that year, the Governor of Ohio offered
30,000 men for active service ' ' for 100 days, unless sooner discharged. '*
He ordered his troops to rendezvons in the most eligible pla^s in
their respective counties on the 2d day of May, and to report by tele-
graph at 4 o'clock of the same day the number present for duty.
Reports were received the same day at 7.30 o'clock that 38,000 men
were in camp, and clamorous to be sent forward. Then came the
labor of consolidation, organization, muster, and equipment. By the
16th of May the regiments were ready to be forwarded.
Between the 6th and 16th of May, a period of twelve days, forty-one
regiments and one battalion of seven companies, in all 36,254 men,
were consolidated, organized, mustered, clothed, armed, equipi>ed,
and presented for transportation to the field.
On the 24th of May, twenty-two days from the time this Ohio force
rendezvoused, all the regiments had left the State for active service.
The greatest number of three-years' men put into service in any one
month under the call of October 17, 1863, was in the month of Feb-
ruary, 1864, viz, 69,533.
The greatest number of three-years' men raised in any one month
under the call of July 18, 1864, was in the month of September follow-
ing, when 115,000 men were put into service.
In the month of February, 1865, pending the draft under the call of
December 19, 1864, 69,000 men were put into service for one, two, and
three years, of which the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Wis-
consin furnished 41,012, viz :
Ohio 10,984
Indiana 11,817
niinoiB 18,696
Wiaconain 5,015
Total 41,013
or 60 per cent, of the entire number raised by all the States.
During the months of February and March, 1865, 136,000 men were
put into service, of which the above-named States furnished 66,934, viz :
Ohio 18,783
Indiana 17,993
niinoifl 22,016
Wisconsin 8,142
Total 66,934
or 49 per cent, of the entire number raised by all the States during
these two months.
It is proper to remark that no troops were required from Connecti-
cut, Iowa, and Kansas under the cail of December 19, 1864, for the
reason that they had a large excess of credits in advance of the call,
while the quotas which would ordinarily have been assigned to the
States of New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island
were reduced by reason of a proportionate excess of credits over former
calls.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 649
Hundred-days^ troops called for in 1864.
During the winter of 1863-'64 the army in the field was strengthened
by new recrnits, and was reorganized, as just shown under the head
of "Veteran Volunteer Force," over 136,000 of the men in service
having re-enlisted for a new period of three years.
As the season for active operations approached, further re-enforce-
inents were deemed necessary, mainly to relieve from garrison and
defensive duty experienced troops, in order that they might take
active part in the great campaign which opened in the East with the
battle of the Wilderness and in the West with the advance on Atlanta.
An offera was therefore accepted by the President on the 23d of
April, 1864, from the Governors of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, and
Wisconsin to furnish an aggregate of 85,000 infantry to serve for one
hundred days, the whole to be furnished within twenty days from the
date of notice of their being required. The results of this recruitment
in the diflPerent States are given in table in Appendix, b The State of
Ohio was particularly successful in this effort. Between the 1st and
24th of May, 1864 (inclusive), a period of twenty-four days, forty-
two regiments raised under this call left the State, fully armed and
equip]^.
In the month of Jaly, 1864, special calls, not embraced in that just
named, were made upon the States of New York and Pennsylvania for
4,000 men for the term of one hundred days.
In addition to the above, the States of New Hampshire, New Jersey,
Maryland, and Kansas offered to furnish stated numbers of one-hun-
dred-days' trooi>s, and authority was given by the War Department
to raise them.
The extent to which men were furnished under these calls and offers
is shown in Appendix, Document 6, Table 4.
Representative recruits.
The commutation feature of the enrollment law was repealed by the
act approved July 4, 1864. In anticipation of its passage and che con-
sequent rise in the price of substitutes it was determined to make an
effort to procure some recruits without a formal call. At this time the
call of July 18, 1864, had not been made, and the business of filling
the call of March 14, 1864, was nearly completed. The draft had borne
heavily in many places upon those liable to it, and the sympathy of
that large class not liable to conscription, but possessed of ample
means, seemed to be aroused in their behalf. An appeal was there-
fore made to their patriotism and generosity in the following order.
Circular ) War Department, Provost-Marshal-General's Office,
No. 25. J Washington, D.C,y June 26, 1864.
Persons not required by law to x>erform military duty have expressed a desire
to be personally represented in the Army. In addition to the contributions they
have made in the way of bounties they i>TopoBe to procure recruits at their own
eniense and present them for enlistment in the service.
Their patriotism is worthy of commendation and encourMjement. Provost-
marshals, and all others actinp^ under this Bureau, are ordered to furnish all the
facilities in their power to enlist and muster promptly the acceptable representa-
tive recruits presented in accordance with the design herein set forth.
a See Appendix, Doc. 18, Art. 2.
h See Appendix, Doc. 6, Table 3.
650 COBEESPONDENCE, ETC.
The name of the person whom each recruit thus represents will be noted on the
enlistment and descriptive rolls of the recruit and will be carried forward from
those ^pers to the other official records which form his military historv.
Certificates of this personal representation in the service will be lorwarded
from this office and issued by provost-marshaLs.*
JAMES B. FRY,
Provost-Marshal-Oenerdl.
The ^' certificate" was prepared on parchment paper, bearing the
arms of the United States engraved. The circular oMer above given
was printed on the face of the certificate, which also bore the following:
To aU who shdU see these presents^ greeting :
Whereas, , of , in the State of , a citizen of the United States,
not being required by law to perform any military service, has voluntarily and at
his own exx)en8e furnished , of » in the State of , as a represent-
ative recruit to serve in his stead in the military forces of the Union, he is, in
accordance with the foregoing order, entitled to this official acknowledgment of
his disinterested patriotism and public spirit.
JAMES B. FRY,
Brigadier-Oeneral and Provost-MarshcU-C^eneral.
By the Provost-Marshal-General :
Captain and Rrovost-MarBhal^ District of -
This appeal, though carefully distributed throughout the United
States and very generally commended, was not attended with mate-
rial success. Only 1,292 representative recruits were put in service, f
The lamented late President, Abraham Lincoln, was one of the first
to answer this appeal and put a personal representative into the ranks.
The names of all persons (including several ladies) by whom- repre-
sentative recruits were furnished are given in the Appendix, Docu-
ment 39.
The re-enlistment and reorganization in 186S and 1864 of regiments
then in service {termed^ after reorganization, ^^ veteran volunteers'^^).
The loss by expiration of enlistment of entire regiments and com-
panies, after they had seen service enough to become valuable sol-
diers, proved a serious drawback to military operations during the
first two years of the war. Soon after the. organization of this
Bureau its attention was directed to the discovery and application of
a remedy for this evil. An examination in the summer of 1863
showed that, of the 956 volunteer regiments, 7 independent battal-
ions, 61 independent companies, and 158 volunteer batteries, then in
service, the terms of 455 regiments, 3 battalions, 38 independent com-
panies, and 81 batteries would expire prior to December 31, 1864,
leaving the Army to consist at that date of 501 regiments, 4 inde-
pendent battalions, 23 independent companies, and 77 batteries, and
such new men in addition as could be raised in the meantime.
The importance of retaining in the field as many as possible of these
experienced organizations was evident.
To effect this a scheme was prepared and submitted by me for the
re-enlistment of three-years' men still in service having less than
one year longer to serve, and of men enlisted for nine months or leas
who had less than three months to serve.
* Some verbal differences exist between this copy and the circular as printed in
Vol. IV, this series, p. 453, which see.
t Subsequently increased to 1,296. See foot-note (*), p. 982.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 651
The induoements held out were:
First. A f urloagh of at least thirty days to both of&cers and men of
the organizations re-enlisting for three years. Where a large propor-
tion re-enlisted the regiment was sent home in a body at Government
expense, and during its stay reorganized and recruited its ranks.
Second. A bounty of $400, anticipated from the commutation fund
and payable in installments, was authorized for every soldier re-
enlisting under this plan. His accounts arising from his first enlist-
ment wore closed up and payment of dues made. The second
enlistment was to take effect at its date, and thus shorten the first
enlistment by so much as had not yet expired. It was stipulated
that, if the Government did not require these troops for the full
period of three years, they should, nevertheless, when honorably
mustered out on that account, be entitled to the whole amount of
bounty remaining unpaid. The rank of the officers was made con-
tinuous from the date of their original muster into service.
Third. The force thus reorganized was termed * * veteran volunteers,"
and, as an honorable distinction, '^service chevrons" were authorized
for it by the War Department.
This plan was not carried into effect until late in the fall of 1863,
when the great campaigns of that year had closed, and the troops,
resting from their labors and looking forward to a season of compar-
ative inactivity, were most anxious to visit the^r homes. That priv-
ilege was guaranteed to them by your general order of November 21,
18f)3,aand eminent success in their reorganization promptly followed.
By this expedient over 136,000 tried soldiers, whose services would
otherwise have been lost, were secured, and capable and experienced
officers continued in command. The exact value of the services ren-
dered by any particular part of the military forces may not be ascer-
tained, but it may safely be asserted that the veterans thus reorgan-
ized and retained performed, in the closely contested campaigns
subsequent to their re-enlistment, a part essential to the final suc-
cess which attended our arms. In his official report of 1864 the
Secretary of War says in relation to this subject, "I know of no
operation connected with the recruitment of the Army which has
resulted in more advantage to the service than the one referred to."
The patriotic determination of these troops who had taken a prom-
inent part in the war to continue it until brought to a satisfactory
close was the foundation of the success which attended this enter-
prise. Its advantages were not only those resulting from the actual
military force thus retained. It produced a favorable effect on the
recruiting service generally, and was as encouraging to the friends
of the Government as discouraging to the insurgents.
Explanation of difference between men called for and men raised.
In estimating the number of troops called into service it has been
the rule of the department to take into account the whole number of
men mustered, without regard to the fact that the same persons may
have been previously discharged after having been accepted and
credited on previous calls.
Under the different calls volunteers have been accepted for various
terms of service, viz, three, six, and nine months, and one, two, and
three years, respectively, and a large number of persons who had
served under one call have subsequently enlisted under another.
a See Appendix, Doc. 25, Art. 2.
652 C0RBS8P0KDENCE, ETC.
Thns a portion of those who enlisted under the call in April, 1861, for
75,000 three-months* men again enlisted under the call in July follow-
ing for three years; others re-entered the service for nine months, or
for one or two years, and at the expiration of these periods again
re-enlisted for three years; and the entire "veteran volunteer" force
consisted of those who, having served two years, re-enlisted for three
years more.
It will be observed, therefore, that a large portion of the number
counted in filling calls has been furnished, first, by the re-enlistment
of those in sei-vice, and, second, by those who have re-entered the
service after a discharge from a former enlistment under which they
had been credited; that is, in filling the different calls each accepted
enlistement was credited, instead of limiting the credit to the actual
number of persons who entered the service anew; and hence, to
determine the number of men actually entering the service for the
first time under the different calls, the number credited should be
reduced in the same ratio that the enlistments of the same persons
have been repeated. The extent of this reduction cannot be calcu-
lated at this time, or even estimated with sufficient accuracy to be
useful.
It follows, therefore, that, on account of a necessary repetition of
credits incident to enlistments, the tax upon the military basis of the
country has been less than would appear by considering simply the
number of men embraced in the different calls for troops, or the
number of credits allowed upon these calls.
But the necessary rex)etition of credits, incident to repeated enlist-
ments properly made of the same men, is not the only cause of dis-
crepancy between the number of men called for and the actual drain
upon the population of the country resulting from the successive
calls. While it was true that the success attained in the recruitment
of the armies resulted mainly from the patriotism of the people, and
was greatly advanced by the labors of many zealous citizens and effi-
cient committees, it is a fact that there were places in which the mil-
itary service demanded by patriotism was entirely or in part evaded,
and that at enormous cost in local taxes.
During the last two years of the war, but more especially under the
last two caUs for troops, the desire to escax)e the draft was so great in
some localities tha* the necessity of providing suitable re-enforce-
ments for the armies was subordinated to the simple object of filling
quotas. Through the fraud and deceit of persons engaged in this
nominal re-enforcement of the Army, substitutes and recruits, morally,
mentally, and physically unfit for the service, were credited, and then
had to be discharged without performing any duty, thus contributing
to the necessity for new calls.
The forgery of enlistment papers was resorted to, and the prepara-
tion of papers for fictitious credits, of a character less criminal,
though as in jurior s to the Army, by depriving it of recruits, was
practiced with sue .*ess in many places.
Committees of citizens, selected and instructed to "fill the quota**
of their respective localities, conscientiously anxious, x)erhaps, to sat-
isfy their fellow-cii izens and relieve them from the draft, apparently
lost sight of the grants of the service, and devoted themselves to
securing credits to the exclusion of enlisting men. This is illustrated
by the official wpori of the committee which was selected by the peo-
ple of the city a ad county of New York to represent and act for them
in this matter, and which continued in operation for two years. In
UNION AUTHORITIES. 663
discussing their proceedings under the call of July 18, 1864, for troops
then needed to strengthen the armies in the field, they say (p. 231):
We obtained what few men we conld by enlistments, bat lent our best efforts
to filling our qnota by other means. * • • Prior to Jnly the subject of credit-
ing men enlisted into the Navy since the rebellion and nn to Febmary 24, 1864,
hsMQ been broached in Concpess. Your committee saw in tnis a means to fill the
quota tmder the present call (Jul;^ 18, 1864). Having been advised that Ck>ngres8
was liliely in some wa^ to authorize these credits, your committee determined to
be forehanded, and, in anticipation of the passage of the law allowing such
credits, they commenced the labor of accumulatinff the necessary evidence on
which to base the claim for New York County, should such a law pass.
It was deemed important to keep this matter quiet until we were fullv pre-
pared to make our claim, backed up with the necessary documentary evidence,
not only because we desired to prevent efforts on the part of other localities to
rob us of our rights, but for the reason that we wished all doubtful points as to
the construction of the law to be settled on the application of some locality other
than New York, whose claim on this behalf could not be so large, but the prin-
ciple of settlement in which case would of necessity equally apply to us. In view
of the very unfair manner in which we believed we had been treated in an appli-
cation for a revision of the enrollment, we feared that New York had little to
expect of the GK>vemment officials in the way of aid in filling our quota, &c.
Again, the labors of certain parties to procure recruits for Han-
cock's corps are depreciated by this committee when compared with
its method of filling quotas. The committee says:
As we were trying only to fill our quota, and they cared nothing for the quota,
but only for the Second Army Corps, it is by no means singular that the county
reaped little benefit from their operations.
It was thus that this committee put itself on record as having been
engaged in filling quotas when the Army waited for recruits.
As New York City and County made frequent complaints to you of
unfair treatment on the part of this office, I beg, in justice to this
Bureau, to introduce two other extracts from the official report of this
committee.
The committee claimed, under the call of July 18, 1864, over 26,000
credits, prepared as shown above, for naval enlistments said to have
been made prior to February 24, 1864. Through the action of a com-
mission appointed to investigate the matter, 19,477 credits were
allowed and went in reduction of the number of men expected and
needed from the county of New York. About 6,000 of the 26,000
naval credits claimed were assigned by the commission to Brooklyn.
In commenting on this the committee says:
In all the injustice of which New York had to complain in the matter of the
last call and the enrollment, in no respect has so great an outrage been committed
upon us as was by this commission when ♦ ♦ • they allowed Brooklyn to
step in and carry off 6,000 men (credits) ** belonging to us.''
This being the greatest cause New York had for complaint, it is
submitted that the others must have been slight indeed. They prob-
ably arose from the action of the Bureau, correctly attributed to it by
the committee in the following extract, made as a complaint, though
in reality a compliment:
It did really seem as if the Provoet-Marshal-GeneraVs department was deter-
mined that, with everv change of law, they would establish the rule which would
draw the largest number of men, &c.
654 C0BRS8P0NDEKCE, ETC.
Under the calls of July 18, 1864, and December 19, 1864, the true
quotas of New York County, determined as the quotas of other places,
were 42,152, viz:
Qaota nnder call of Jnlv 18, 1864, 21,188. Of this nnmber the connty fttr-
nished by enlistments Dut 2,585
And by draft 843
Making a total of only 8,428
The balance being made up by naval credits reported by commission.
Quota under call of December 19, 1864, 21,019. On account of complaints
made, the President reduced this to 15,762. Of this number the county
furnished by enlistments 4,220
And by draft 790
Making a total of 5,019
A very large proportion of the enlistments were ''bounty jumjwrs,"
of no value, but rather a positive injury to the service.
PART rv.
Colored men and their relation to the military service^ cw established
by laws and orders during the laie war^ and their recruitment as
smdiers.
At the commencement of the rebellion, April 15, 1861, the Army
was composed exclusively of white troops. The regulations of the
Army governing the recruiting service (par. 1299) provided that "any
fi-ee white male jwrson above the age of eighteen," Ac, "might be
enlisted." Negro slavery existed in fifteen States of the Union, and
fugitive slaves escaping from one State to another were delivered up
on claim of their owners.
The first legislation by Congress directly affecting colored persons
was the act approved March 13, 1862. a It prohibited all officers or
persons in the military or naval service of the United States from
employing any of the forces under their respective commands for the
purpose of returning fugitives from service or labor who escaiied
from any persons to whom such service or labor was claimed to be due,
and provided that any officer found guilty by a court-martial of vio*
lating this ailide should be dismissed from the service.
This was followed by an act,a approved July 17, 1862, the twelfth
section of which authorized the President to receive into the service
of the United States, for the purpose of constructing intrenchments,
or performing camp duty, or any other labor, or any military or naval
service for which they were found competent, persons of African
descent, and provided that such persons should be enrolled and
organized, under such regulations, not inconsistent with the Constitu-
tion and laws, as the President might prescribe.
The thirteenth section of this act directs —
That when any man or boy of African descent, who by the laws of any State
shall owe service or labor to any person who daring the present rebellion has
levied war, or has borne arms against the United States, or adhered to their ene-
mies by ^ving them aid and comfort, shall render anv such service as is provided
for in tills act, he, his mother, and his wife and children, shall forever thereafter
be free, any law, nsage, or custom whatsoever to the contrary notwithstanding:
Provided, That the mother, wife, and children of such man or boy of African
descent shall not be made free by the operation of this act, except where each
mother, wife, or children owe service or labor to some person who dniing the
a See Appendix, Doc. 85.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 655
present rebellion has borne anou against the United States, or adhered to their
enemies by giving them aid and comfort.
The fourteenth section provides that ''the expenses incurred to
carry this act into effect shall be paid out of the general appropriation
for the Army and volunteers."
The fifteenth section directs that —
All persons who have been or who shall be hereafter enrolled in the service of
the United States nnder this act shall receive the pay and rations now allowed
bv law to soldiers, according to their respective grades: Provided^ That persons
of African descent, who xmder this law shall be employed, shall receive ten dollsfs
per month and one ration, three dollars of which monthly pay may be in clotiiing.
The amount of pay allowed to infantry soldiers (white) at the pas-
sage of this act was $13 per month, and an allowance in clothing of
$3.50 per month, and one ration each.
The act entitled ''An act to suppress insurrection, to punish treason
and robellion, to seize and confiscate the proi)erty of rebels, and for
other purposes," approved July 17, 1862,a provides that whoever shall
commit treason "shall suffer death" and all bis slaves be "declared
free."
Section 9 provides —
That all slaves of persons who shaU hereafter be engaged in rebellion against
the Government of the United States, or who shall in any way pre aid or com-
fort thereto, escaping from such persons and taking refuge witmn the lines of the
Army; and all slaves captured from such persons or deserted bv them and coming
under the control of the Qovemment of the United States, and ^ slaves of such
persons found on [or] being within any place occupied by rebel forces and after-
ward occupied by the forces of the United States shall be deemed captives of war,
and shall he forever free of their servitude, and not again held as slaves.
Section 10 provides —
That no slave escaping into any State, Territory, or the District of Ck>lumbia.
from any other State, shadl be delivered up, or in any way impeded or hindered of
his liberty, except for crime, or some offense against the laws, unless the person
claiming said fugitive shall first make oath that the person to whom the labor or
service of such fugitive is aUeged to be due is his lawful owner, and has not borne
arms against the United States in the present rebellion, nor in any way ^ven aid
and comfort thereto; and no person engaged in the military or naval service of the
United States shall, under any pretense whatever, assume to decide on the vididity
of the claim of any person to the service or labor of any other person, or surrender
up any such person to the claimant, on pain of being dismissed from the service.
Section 11 declares —
That the President of the United States is authorized to employ as many 'per-
sons of African descent as he may deem necessary and proper for the suppression
of this rebellion, and for this purpose he may organize and use them m such
manner as he may judge best for the public welfare.
And by the latter section the authority of the President to receive
into the service persons of African descent is extended, giving him
authority to employ as many of this class of persons as he might deem
necessary for the suppression of the rebellion.
The pay of this class of persons, as fixed by the twelfth section of
the preceding act, was not changed.
Section 12 declares —
That the President of 'the United States is hereby authorized to make provision
for the transportation, colonization, and settlement, in some tropical country
beyond the limits of the United States, of such persons of the African race, made
free by the provisions of this act, as may be willing to emigrate, having first
obtained the consent of the government of said country to their protection and
settlement within the same, with all the rights and privileges of freemen.
a See Appendix, Doc. 85.
656 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Under the authority conferred by the two preceding acts of Con-
gress the President, on the 22d day of July, issued the following
order:
First. Ordered, '^That military commanders within the State6 of
Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi,
Louisiana, Texas, and Arkansas, in an orderly manner, seize and use
any property, real or personal, which may be necessary or convenient
for their several commands as supplies, or for other military pur-
poses; and that while property may be destroyed for proi>er military
objects, none shall be destroyed in wantonness or malice."
Second. ''That military and naval commanders shall employ as
laborers, within and from said States, so many persons of African
descent as can be advantageously used for military and naval
purposes, giving them reasonable wages for their labor."
Third. ^' That as to both property and persons of African descent,
accounts shall be kept sufficiently accurate and in detail to show
quantities and amounts, and from whom both property and such per-
sons shall have come, as a basis upon which compensation can be
made in proper cases; and the several departments of this government
shall attend to and perform their appropriate parts toward the execu-
tion of these orders."
On the 22d day of September, 1862, the President issued a procla-
mation a announcing:
First. ^ *■ That it was his purpose, upon the next meeting of Congress,
to again recommend the adoption of a practical measure tendering
{)ecuniary aid to the free acceptance or rejection of all slave States,
so called, the people whereof may not then be in rebellion against the
United States, and which States may then have voluntarily adopted,
or thereafter may voluntarily adopt, immediate or gradual abolishment
of slavery within their respective limits."
Second. "That the effort to colonize persons of African descent,
with their consent, upon this continent or elsewhere, with the pre-
viously obtained consent of the governments existing there, should
be continued."
Third. "That on the first day of January following all i)ersons
held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people
whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, should
be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the Executive govern-
ment of the United States, including the military and naval authority
thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and
will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any
efforts they may make for their actual freedom."
Fourth. "That the Executive would, on the first day of January
aforesaid, by proclamation designate the States and parts of States,
if any, in which the people thereof, respectively, should then be in
rebellion against the United States; and the fact that any State, or
the people thereof, should on that day be, in good faith, represented
in the Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto at
elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such State should
have participated, should, in the absence of strong countervaUing
testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such State and the
people thereof were not then in rebellion against the United States."
On the Ist day of January, 1863, the immortal decree of emancipa-
tion a proclaimed freedom to the blacks of all the States declared in
rebellion, with the exception of certain parishes in Louisiana.
a See Appendix, Doc. 36.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 657
By an act approved March 3, 1863, it is provided as follows: a
That cooks shall be detailed, in turn, from the privates of each company of
troops in the service of the United States, at the rate of one cook for each com-
pany nnmbering less than thirty men, and two cooks for each company number-
mgoYer thirty men, who shall serve ten days each.
That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to
cause to be enlisted, for each cook, two nnder-cooks of African descent, who shedl
receive for their full compensation ten dolliurs per month and one ration per day,
three dollars of said monthly pay being in clotning.
On the 30th of July, 1863, the President ordered as follows:*
The act of February 24, 1864, a amendatory of the enrollment act,
section 24, provided —
That all able-bodied male colored persons between the ages of twenty and forty-
five years, resident in the United States, shall be enrolled according to the provis-
ions of this act, and of the act to which this is an amendment, and form part of
the national forces; and when a slave of a loval master shall be draft^ and
mustered into the service of the United States, his master shall have a cert^cate
thereof, and thereupon such slave shall be free; and the bounty of one hundred
dollars, now payable by law for each drafted man, shall be paid to the person to
whom such drafted person was owing service or labor at the time of his muster
into the service of the United States. The Secretary of War shall appoint a com-
mission in each of the slave States represented in Congress, charged to award each
loyal person to whom a colored volunteer may owe service a Just compensation,
not exceeding three hundred dollars, for each such colored volunteer, payable out
of the fund derived from commutations, and every such colored volunteer on
being mustered into service shall be free. And in all cases where men of color
have been heretofore enlisted, or have volunteered in the military scnrvice of the
United States, all the provisions of this act, so far as the payment of bounty and
compensation are provided, shall be equally applicable as to those who may be
hereafter recruited. But men of color, drafted or enlisted, or who may volunteer
into the military service, while they shall be credited on the quotas of the several
States, or subdivisions of States, wherein they are respectively drafted, enlisted,
or shall volunteer, shall not be assigned as State troops, but shall be mustered
into regiments or companies as United States colored troops.
It will be observed that the able-bodied male colored x)ersons were
thenceforward to form part of the national forces. But it was pro-
vided, in the case of a slave being drafted, that the $100 bounty then
allowed to drafted men should be paid to his master; and where a
slave entered the service as a volunteer, instead of receiving the bounty
which was allowed to other recruits, the master was entitled to receive
a compensation from the Government, not to exceed $300. It was fur-
ther provided that men of color drafted or enlisted should "be cred-
ited upon the quotas of the several States or subdivisions of States.''
A fair construction of this statute authorizes the payment of $100
bounty to free colored men who might be drafted; and in lieu of
bounty to the slave it gave him his freedom, while his master, if loyal,
received a comi)ensation for the loss of his services.
Up to this time and until the passage of the act entitled *'An act
making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year end-
ing the thirtieth day of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, and
for other purposes," approved June 16, 1864,a there was no law pro-
viding for the payment of bounty to colored volunteers, either free
or slave, and the pay of colored troops still remained at $10 per month,
as fixed by; the act of July 17, 1862.
The act just cited provides —
That all persons of color who have been or may be mustered into the military
service of the United States shall receive the same uniform, clothing, arms, equip-
a See Appendix, Doc. 85.
* Embodied in General Orders, No. 252, Adjutant-General's OfOce, July 81, 1868,
Series II, Vol. VI, p. 163.
42 R R— SERIES ni, VOL V
658 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
ments, camp equipage, rations, medical and hospital attendance, pay and emolu-
ments, other than bounty, as other soldiers of the resnlar or yomnteer foircee of
the United States of like arm of the service, from and after the first day of Janu-
ary, eighteen hundred and sixty-four; and that every person of color who shall
hereafter be mustered into the service shall receive such sums in bounty as the
President shall order in the different States and parts of the United States, not
exceeding one hundred dollars.
This section placed colored troops on an eqnal footing with white
troops in all respects tonching pay and allowances, but withheld the
bounty as hitherto, except in such amount as the President might
order, not to exceed $100.
The third section provided —
That all persons enlisted and mustered into service as volunteers under the call,
dated Octooer seventeen, eighteen hundred and sixty-three, for three hundred
thousand volunteers, who were at the time of enlistment actually enrolled and
subject to draft in the State in which they volunteered, shall receive from the
United States the same amount of bounty without regard to color.
This section was practically inox)erative for the reason that bat few
colored persons were enrolled, drafted, or credited on the call of Octo-
ber 17, 1863. The law directing the enrollment of colored men was
not passed until February 24, 1864, and the colored men raised by draft
or voluntary enlistment prior to this date were credited to the call of
February 1, 1864 (which was being filled when the law directing the
enrollment and draft of colored men was passed), and to the subse-
quent calls.
The fourth section provided —
That all x>ersons of color who were free on the nineteenth day of April, eighteen
hundred and sixty-one, and who have been enlisted and mustered into the military
service of the United States, shall, from the time of their enlistment, be entitled
to receive ^e pay, bounty, and clothing allowed to such persons bv the laws exist-
ing at the time of their enlistment. And the Attorney-General of the United
States is hereby authorized to determine anv question of law arising under this
provision. And if the Attomey-Oeneral aforesaid shall determine that any of
such enlisted x>er8ons are entitled to receive any pay, bounty, or clothing, in addi-
tion to what they have abready received, the Secretary of War shall make all
necessary regulations.
In conformity with this section the Secretary of War ordered as
follows:*
An act approved July 4, 1864,a provided —
That the President of the United States may, at his discretion, at any time
hereafter, call for any number of men as volunteers, for the respective terms of
one, two, and three years, for military service; and any such volunteer, or, in case
of draft, as hereinafter provided, any substitute^ shaU be credited to the town,
township, ward of a city, precinct, or election district, or of a county not so sub-
divided, toward the quota of which he may have volunteered or engaged as a
substitute; and every volunteer who is accepted and mustered into the service for
a term of one year, unless sooner discharged, shall receive and be paid by the
United States a bounty of one hundred dollars; and if for a term of^two years,
unless sooner discharged, a bounty of two hundred dollars ; and if for a term of
three years, unless sooner discharged, a bounty of three hundred dolUu^, one-third
of which bounty shall be paid to the soldier at the time of his being mustered
into the service, one-third at the expiration of one-half of his term of service, and
one-third at the expiration of his term of service. And in case of his deat^ while
in service, the residue of his bounty unpaid shall be paid to his widow, if he shall
have left a widow; if not, to his cnildran; or if there be none, to his mother, if
she be a widow.
a See Appendix, Doc. 85.
♦See Circular No. 60, Adjutant-General's Office, August 1, 1864, Vol. IV, ^
series, p. 564,
UNION AUTHORITIBB. 659
This section authorized the payment of like bounty to all persons
enlisting, omitting the distinction hitherto observed in regard to col-
ored troops, and was evidently intended to allow the same amount to
both classes, and bounties were paid accordingly.
Section 3 provides *'That it shall be lawful for the Executive of
any of the States to send recruiting agents into any of the States
declared to be in rebellion, except the States of Arkansas, Tennessee,
and Louisiana, to recruit volunteers under any call under the provis-
ions of this act, who shall be credited to the State and to the respective
subdivisions thereof, which may procure the enlistment," but was
repealed by the act of March 3, 1865. a
Section 14 of an acta approved July 4, 1864, provided —
That the widows and children of colored soldierft who have been, or who may
be hereafter, killed, or who have died or may hereafter die of wonnde received
in battle, or who have died or may hereafter die of disease contracted in the
military service of the United States, and in the line of dnty, shall be entitled to
receive the pensions now provided by law, without other proof of marriage than
that the parties had habitually recognized each other as man and wife, and lived
together as such for a definite ];)eTiod neztpreceding the soldier's enlistment, not
leas than two years, to be shown bv the affidavits of credible witnesses: Provided,
however, That such widow and children are free persons: Provided further, That
if such parties resided in any State in which their marriage may have hwn
legally solenmized the usual evidence shaU be required.
Section 5 of an act approved March 3, 1865, a provided —
That all persons of color who were enlisted and mustered into the military
service of tne United States in South Carolina, by and under the direction of
M^or-Gtaneral Hunter and Brigadier-Gtoneral Saxton, in nursuance of the author-
ity from the Secretary of War, dated Auxust twentjr-flftn, eighteen hundred and
sixty-two, "that the persons so received into service, and their officers, to be
entitled to and receive the same {my and rations as are aUowed bv law to other
volunteers in the service **— 4Uid in every case where it shaU be made to appear to
the satisfaction of the Secretary of War that any regiment of colored troops has
been mustered into the service of the United States, under any assurance by the
President or the Secretary of War, that tiie non-commission^ officers and pri-
vates of such regiment should be paid the same as other troops of the same arm
of the service-HUiaU, from the date of their enlistment, receive the same pay
and aUowances as are allowed by law to other volunteers in the military service;
and the Secretary of War shall make all necessary reen^^ons to cause payment
to be made in accordance herewith.
Section 22 provided —
That the third section of the act entitled "An act [further] to regulate and
provide for the enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other pur-
poses.** approved July fourth, eighteen hundred and rizty-four, be, and the same
IB hereby, repealed.
The foregoing embraces the entire legislation and the most imjior-
tant Executive orders touching the relation of colored men to the
military service.
The classes of colored persons who received bounty under the fore-
going laws and the amounts respectively paid to them are shown by
the following order of the Paymaster-General, viz:
PATMASTKR-OSNEaAL'S OFFICB,
Waahinfftim, D, C, May $6, 1866.
BOUNTIES TO OOLORBD TROOPS.
1. All perBons of color who have been enlisted and mustered into the service of
the United States, and are mustered on the rolls as '' free on or before April 19,
1861," are entitled to bounty as follows, viz :
If enlisted prior to October 24, 1868, $100.
a See Appendix, Doc. 86.
660 CORBE8PONDENCB, ETC.
If enlisted in an old organization after October 24, 1863, and prior to April 1,
1864, $aoo.
If enlisted in a new organization after December 24, 1863, and prior to April 1,
1864, $300.
If enlisted between April 1, 1864, and July 17, 1864, inclnrnve, $100.
2. All persons of color enlisted and mastered into service nnder the President's
call for 300,000 volunteers, dated October 17, 1863, who were at the time of enlist-
ment enrolled and subject to draft in the State where enlisted, are entiUed to
bonntj as follows, viz :
Enlisted in any organization of colored troops between October 17 and October
24, 1868, $100.
Enlisted in an old organization after October 24, 1863, and prior to April 1,
1864, $300.
Exxlisted in a new organization after December 24, 1863, and prior to April 1,
1864, $300.
Remark to be entered on the mnster-roll: " Ehirolled and subject to draft in the
enrollment district of the State of at time of enlistment.**
3. All enlistments of colored men after July 18, 1864, for one, two, or three
years, entitle them to bounty of $100, $200, and $300, respectively.
4. Colored soldiers who have been, or hereafter shall be, discharged by reason
of wounds received in battle, on skirmish or picket, or in action, or in the line of
duty, and who are otherwise entitled under existing laws to bounty, are entitled
to receive the same bounty as if they had served out the full term of enlistment
5. All persons of color drafted under the act of March 3, 1863, and prior to Sep-
tember 5, 1864, and their substitutes, are entitled to a bounty of $100, provided
they serve two full years. They have alf o the same pay and aUowance as white
soldiers.
6. Under section 2, act of June 15, 1864, no bounty was ordered by the President
for persons of color who should enlist between that date and July 19, 1864, unless
free April 19, 1861.
7. For colored persons, when discharged, the final papers should contain the
same data for bounty as was required to elucidate their claims upon the muster-
rolls. Paymasters, when they can consistently do so, should aid in conveying
information on this point to all interested.
B. W. BRICE,
Paymaster-Oeneral,
The following brief outline of the recruitment of colored persons
is taken mninly from the reports and records of the Bureau for
Colored Troops, and is inserted here In connection with the foregoing
recapitulation of the laws and orders on the subject.
The acceptance of colored men as soldiers in the service of the
United States began in Louisiana by the muster in, on the 27th of
September, 1862, of the First Louisiana Native Guards, subsequently
designated Seventy-third Regiment U. S. Colored Troops.
Four other regiments were raised in that military department and
mustered in prior to March 7, 1863, two of them before the Ist of
January, 1863.
The efforts made in the early summer of 1862 to raise colored troops
in South Carolina did not result in the muster of an organization until
January 31, 1863, when the First South Carolina Volunteers, subse-
quently designat.ed Thirty-third U. S. Colored Troops, was mustered
into the service as soldiers. Three other regiments were mustered in
in that department prior to July 1, 1863.
In April, 1863, a regiment was completed in Kansas, called the
Firet Kansas Volunteers, subsequently designated Seventy-ninth
U. S. Colored Troops. Another regiment then in process of organiza-
tion wiis some time after completed.
Early in the spring of 1863 the organization of colored troops was
commenced in the Mississippi Valley under the personal supervision
of the Adjutant-General of the Army. His first regiment was mus-
t(M'od into service on the 1st of May, 1863, as the First Arkansas
Volunteere of African Descent, jifterwai'd designated Forty-sixth
UNION AUTHORITIES. 661
Regiment XT. S. Ck>lored Troops. Five other regiments raised in like
manner were mustered in prior to June 30, 1863.
The Fifty-fourth and Fif ty-flfth Regiments of Massachusetts Vol-
unteers were colored troops. They were organized in Massachusetts,
and were mustered into service between March 30 and June 22, 1863.
Tliey were organized, officered, <Jbc., by the State authorities, like
other regiments of volunteers, and so continued until mustered out.
The foregoing colored troops were raised prior to the commence-
ment of the operations of the Bureau for Colored Troops, which was
created by General Orders, No. 143,a dated May 22, 1863.
Under the immediate sux)ervision of that Bureau, a regiment desig-
nated the First IT. S. Colored Troox)s was mustered into service in the
Diatrict of Columbia on the 30th of June, 1863, and simultaneously
with this a regiment was mustered in in North Carolina.
At this period, June, 1863, the recruitment of colored trooi)s was
going on all over the country, and so continued until stopped by
orders on April 29, 1865, in consequence of no more troops being
required.
With the exception of the two Massachusetts regiments above men-
tioned, the military organizations composed of colored men were
mustered directly into the service of the United States, and were
organized and officered by officers acting under the authority of the
United States, and not of any particular State.
Since March 27, 1865, all appointments of officers for these troops
have been made exclusively by the War Department, and after an
examination by a board of officers. Prior to that time the Adjutant-
General of the Army, in the Mississippi Valley, made appointments,
in the name of the Secretary of War, to the regiments which he
organized; and department commanders made, subject to the approval
of the P^resident, provisional appointments to the regiments organized
by them.
The recruitment of men of color by draft and substitution was
exclusively under the control of this Bureau, but their recruitment as
volunteers was mainly under the Bureau for Colored Troops, espe-
cially established for that purpose. To present together the entire
results of these operations, which, however, were produced in the
main b^ the action of the Bureau for Colored Troops, the following
extract is made from the report of the chief of that Bureau:
On the 15th of JtQy, 1865, the date on which the last organization of colored
troops was mustered in, there were—
In the service of the United States 120 regiments of infantry, nnmbering
intheag^gate 98,088
Twelve regmients of heavy artillery 15,602
Ten companies of light aroUery 1,811
Seven regiments of cavalry 7,245
G^rand aggregate 128,156
The foregoing is the largest number of colored troops in service at
any one time during the war.
The entire number of troops commissioned and enlisted in this
branch of the service during the war is 186,017. b
a See Appendix, Doc. 26, Art. 1.
6 See Api^dix, Doc. 8, for the opinions of surgeons of boards of enroUmont as
to the physical fitaiess of colored men for military service.
662
COBRESPONDEKCE, ETC.
The States in whioh this force was recruited or drafted are as fol-
lows, viz:
Maine 104
New Hampshire 125
Vennont 120
Bhodelsland 1,837
Masaachusetts 8,966
Ck)nnecticat 1,764
New York 4,125
New Jersey 1,185
Peimsylyaiiia 8,612
Delaware 954
Maryland 8,718
District of Columbia 8,269
Virginia 5,723
North Carolina 5,085
West Virginia 196
South Carolina 5,462
Georgia 8,486
Florida 1,044
Alabama 4,969
Mississippi 17,869
Louisiana 94,062
Arkansas 5,586
Tennessee 80,188
Kentucky 23,703
Michigan 1,387
Ohio 5,092
Indiana 1,537
Illinois 1,811
Missouri 8,344
Minnesota 104
Iowa 440
Wisconsin 165
Kansas 2,080
Texas 47
Colorado Territory 96
Atlarge 733
Not accounted for 5,083
Officers 7,122
Total* 186,017
Recruiting of men in States in rebellion to be credited to loyal States,
(Under section 8 of the act approved July 4, 1864.)
The law authorizing recruiting in the rebel States was published on
the 6th of July, 1864; on the 9th regulations to carry it into effect
were issued. Every facility which the War Department could con-
trol was afforded to make the law effective for raising troops. The
results were as follows:
Total number of recruiting agents appointed by Gk>yemors of loyal States
to recruit in rebel States 1,045
Total number of recruits credited through these agents 5,053
These recruits are embraced in the preceding enumeration of volun-
teers mustered into service. They were credited to the States by
whose agents they were obtained.
The authority granted under this act was repealed by section 22,
act of March 3, 1865, and on the 8th of March a a circular was issued
from this office announcing the fact for the information and guidance
of all concerned.
No material advantage to the service resulted from this undertak-
ing. All, or nearly all, of the recruits to be had in the rebel States
were being obtained through the proper military officers and i^ents
of the War Department. Without increasing the number of men
enlisted, the law enabled States in the North to lay claim to credits for
the men enlisted in the South, and thus reduce their quota for draft.
To obtain these credits local bounties were lavishly provided. They
were unnecessary, and did not have the effect of increasing the num-
ber of recruits obtained, but in many instances enriched bounty
brokers and corrupted military officers.
a See Appendix, Doc. 26, Art. 2.
*But see Foster's report (October 20, 1865), giving an aggregate of 186,007,
p. 138.
imiON AUTHORITIES. 663
PART V.
Erdistmenis for the naval service and Marine Corps.
On the 3d of May, 1861, the PresideDt issued a call, in which he
directed the enlistment of 18,000 seamen.
Section 8 of the act approved July 4, 1864, 1'equired that all persons
in the naval service of the United States who entered said service
during the present rebellion, and who were not credited to the quota
of any town, district, ward, or State, by reason of their being in said
service and not enrolled prior to February 24, 1864, should be enrolled
and credited to the quota of the town, ward, district, or State in which
they respectively resided, upon satisfactory proof of their residence
made to the Secretary of State.
In carrying into effect this law of Congress the Secretary of War
decided that men enlisted in the Navy should be credited to the State
in which they enlisted, unless it was proved that they properly
belonged elsewhere; and for the purpose of determining what credits
the several Stittes were entitled to, under the law given above, the
Secretary of War appointed commissioners, consisting of the Governor
of the State and an officer of the Army. The aggregate of credits
allowed by the commissioners for enlistments in the Navy from April
15, 1861, to February 24, 1864, was 67,334. The distribution among
the different States appears in a table presented on the following
page.
Section 9 of the act approved February 24, 1864, and section 3 of
the act approved July 1, 1864, required that credits should be given
for enlistments into the Naval service or Marine Corps, in the same
manner as for enlistments in the Army.
Under these acts credits were allowed aa follows, viz:
For men enlisted into the naval service between Febmary 24, 1864, and
June 80,1866 85,078
For men enlisted into the Marine Corps between February 24, 1864, and
June 80, 1865 2,586
Total... ,- 87,609
On the 24th of February, 1864, a joint resolution was passed by
Congress, entitled ^'A resolution relative to the transfer of persons in
the military service to the naval service. " This resolution provided —
First. **That the Provost-Marshal-General be, and he is hereby,
directed to enlist such persons as may desire to enter the naval service
of the United States, '^ &e. ; and
Second. "That tJie President of the United States may direct the
transfer of x>ersons in the military service to the naval service," &c.
In accordance with the first branch of this resolution, a circular was
issued from this office directing provost-marshals, in addition to
their other duties, to recruit for the naval service and Marine Corps,
and establishing rules for this purpose.
This resolution was repealed by act approved June 3, 1864, and
instructions were issued accordingly.
From this date enlistments were made and credits given as required
by section 9 of the act approved February 24, 1864, and section 3 of
the act approved July 1, 1864, nothing further being required of this
Bureau than to ciedit on the quotas assigned for draft the enlistments
reported by the Navy Department as having been made by it for that
branch of the service. The fact that the recruitment for the two
664
CORRE8POKDEKCE, ETC.
branches of the service was conducted according to entirely different
rales and forms, and that in the matter of credits to be allowed on
the draft for naval enlistments there was a divided responsibility
between the War and Navy Departments, contributed materially to
the frauds and abuses in filling quotas from which the service suffered,
especially during the last year of the war.
Number of naval eidiatmenU allowed by commiasioners under section 8, act
approved July 4, I864.
Maine 8,097
KewHampahire 871
Vennont 108
MassachiiBetts 16,884
Rhode Island
Connectictit 1,804
New York (soathem division) . . 26, 000
New York (northern diyision) . . 787
New York (western division) ... 1, 600
New Jersey 1,858
Pennsylvania (eastern division) . 7, 618
Pennsylvania (western division) 1, 016
Delaware 79
Maryland 2,817
WestVirainia
District of (yolnmbia 558
Kentucky. 5
Ohio 1,076
Indiana 71
Dlmois 1,171
Missouri 184
Total* 67,884
PART VI.
Casualties in the mUiiary forces, j
As this Bureau was required to supply recruits to fill the gaps caused
by casualties in the Army, and to increase from time to time its
numerical strength, I have deemed it proper to ascertain the causes
of loss to which the Army has been subjected, and the extent to which
each cause has prevailed.
The casualties which occurred to the military forces of the Nation
from the outbreak to the suppression of the rebellion have therefore
* For total nnmber of sailors and marines famished during the war, see Vol.
IV, this series, p. 1370.
t Since the date of this report the acquisition of muster-rolls, muster-cut rolls,
returns, and other official papers affording evidence of death, discharge, and
desertion not accessible to the Provost-Marshal-G^neral, together with amend-
ments of personal records, have materially changed the statements and infer-
ences herein given. Up to the present time no compilation has been made by tiie
War Department which enables it to publish an accurate statement of these
casualties. The latest compilation of the number of deaths, made in 1885, gives
the following result, viz :
Segular Army,
I
KiUed In action
Of wounds reoolyed in Miion
Of dtooiM
▲ooidenttJ (ozoept drowned)
Drowned
Mordered
Killed after captnre
Snioide
Sxecnied by U. S. military anthoriti^fl.
Sonattoke
Other known eaoaea
Canaes not stated.....
85
69
107
1
4
1
Aggregate.
877
2.065
103
m
15
1
S5
e
7
105
6,S»
1,347
938
3.0«
IM
93
16
1
n
6
7
68
106
5,768
tmiOK AUTHORlTtSfi.
665
been compiled from the official muster-rolls and returns into Tables
I, II, and ni, herewith presented. a
It is to be especially observed that these tables have been drawn
entirely from a careful examination of the re^lar monthly returns
and muster and pay rolls of the Army. The rolls, made up by the
company commanders on blanks furnished by the Adjutant-General's
Office, and according to directions printed on the blanks themselves,
are the forms on which the members of the companies are paid, the
record on which the military history of each man is required to
be stated, and one of the principal authorities to which the War
Department refers for official information concerning the final dispo-
sition of every soldier. As the penalties against f ^se musters and
returns are exceedingly severe, applying not only to the company
commander, but also to the mustering officer, and as all means within
the limits of Army discipline are used by superior officers to insure
correct knowledge of the condition of the troops under their com-
mand, the muster and pay rolls are usually a trustworthy, as they
are an official, source of information concerning Army statistics.
It is, however, certain that all the casualties which have occurred
do not appear on the rolls, just as it is equally certain that they are
not aU to DC found in any one set of records. The accompanying sta-
tistics are presented as derived from this source alone, and as con-
taining only such percentage of error as may have crept into a system
of record which was intended to be perfect, and which was unques-
tionably brought to a high standard at least as early in the war as
any other.
One of the advantages which may be fairly expected from the pub-
lication of these tables is, that attention will thereby be drawn to
such imperfections as exist in the rolls, and that this will lead to their
correction by a comparison with other sources of official information.
Volunteer Army,
XiUad in aotiOD
Of wonnds recaiTed In aotion
Of diaeue
▲ccidenUl (ezoept drowned)
Drowned
Muiderod
Killed after captnra ,
Saicida
Exeeotad by U. S. military anthorltlea.
Executed by eoemy
Sunstroke
Other known cauiea
Caoaea not stated ,
▲gcregate
Grand agKregate regnlara and Tolnntaera. .
i.087
2,164
2.688
141
102
86
14
24
61.654
39,912
218,806
3,869
4,749
468
89
340
261
60
801
1,910
11.987
65,711
42,076
221,494
4,010
4,851
604
108
864
261
64
806
1.971
12,016
9,324 I 344.406 i 353.730
0,S84~ 349.944 fsaS.Stt
The foregoing fl^nree, however, are only approximative and shonld not be
accepted as conclnsiye. RevisioBi of the death records is still in progress. In
addition to the officers of the Begnlar Army reported on page 664, there were 27
killed in action, 14 died of wounds received m action, 8 died of disease, and 1
drowned, a total of 50, who, at the time of death, held commissions in the Volun-
teer Army, with which they are counted. These added to the Regular Army
would make a total loss therein of 310 officers and 5,538 men.
a See pages 78-83 [671] of Report.
666 CORRESPONDENCE, EtC.
The tables exhibit the ntiinber of casualties, and also the ratio per
thousand to the total of men in service, under the following hea^s:
1. States and groups of States. 2. Regulars, volunteers, and colored
troops. 3. Annies and arms of service. The ratios have been calcu-
lated by proportioning the total casualties to the total number of men
credited, and each item of casualty to the corre8i)onding figure of
total credit.
Highly interesting and valuable facts are deducible from these tables.
Final deductions cannot, however, be drawn until additional and col-
lateral information is obtained. For example, the comparative zeal
and efficiency of the troops of the different arms and States cannot
be inferred from the ratio of casualties in action, without considering
in addition the more or less x>erilous character of the service demanded
of each of them. Again, at respective x>eriods, the proportion of
deaths from disease should be considered in connection with the rela-
tive salubrity of the regions in which the troops from different sec-
tions of the country served, the exact nature of the service, whether
field, camp, or garrison, and their supply, equipment, and discipline.
Certain conclusions, however, can already be correctly drawn from
this statistical exhibit, and these it will not be premature to state.
Comparative mortality of officers and erdisted men.*
From a careful compilation of the rolls, and without including
deaths after muster out, which resulted from military service previ-
ously rendered, it apx>ears that 280,739 men and officers have lost
their lives in the Army. Of this number 5,221 commissioned officers
and 90,886 enlisted men have been killed in action or died of wounds,
while 2,321 commissioned officers and 182,329 enlisted men have died
of disease or, in some few cases, from accident.
It will be observed that of killed in battle and died of wounds,
there is one officer to every eighteen enlisted men, showing somewhat
greater mortality on the part of the officers, who, supposing the organ-
izations to be full, constitute about a twenty-fifth part of the forces.
On the other hand, only one officer to ninety men has died of disease.
This remarkable disproportion, so greatly to the advantage of the
commissioned class, is owing to several causes. Officers are better
sheltered than men; and their food is generally better in quality and
more varied in kind, so that they suffer less from diseases of the
digestive organs. They are not so much crowded together in tents
and quarters, and are therefore less subject to contagious and epi-
demic maladies. They have superior advantages in regard to per-
sonal cleanliness. As prisoners of war, too, they were generally
treated more leniently, and so furnished fewer names to the mortality
lists of Andersonville, Salisbury, and other similar dens of death.
Another favoring circumstance, and by no means the least potential,
was the superior morale, the hopefulness and elasticity of spirit,
which is given to a man by investing him with a commission and its
accompanying authority, resix)nsibility, and chances of advancement.
It is worthy of note that in the colored troops the disproportion
between commissioned officers and enlisted men under these heads is
still more remarkable. In killed or died of wounds the officers lost
one in about forty-two, while the men lost but about one in sixty-six.
But under the head of deaths by disease the officers show a loss of
only one in seventy-seven, while that of the men rises to the enor-
* But see foot-note (f), pp. 664,665.
UNION AUTHOBITIES.
667
moos proportion of nearly one in seven, which is bv far the highest
mortality from this cause exhibited in the records of the Army. The
general proi)ortion of deaths from disease among white troops is less
than one in seventeen.
Deaths in acHon a/nd from woimda,*
The proportion per thousand which each loyal State and group of
States furnished to the item of mortality appears in the following
table:
Michigan 44.88
Wifloonrin 48.01
Ifinnesota 26.88
Iowa 45.44
Kansas 61.01
Califoniia 18.84
West Virginia 87.90
Eentacky 85.10
Misaonri 81.74
New England States 44.76
Middle^tes 81.79
Loyal States (general ratio) 85. 10
BorderStates 85.88
Western States 86.81
Colored troops 16.11
Maine 44.87
New HampshiTe 47.87
Vermont 58.88
MassachnsettB 47.76
Rhode Island 88.84
Gonnecticnt 85.48
New York 85.68
New Jersey 85.81
Pemtsylyania 81.75
Delaware 86.68
Maryland 17.04
Districtof GolmnUa 8.68
Ohio 86.65
Indiana 80.01
Illinois 84.80
It is observable that in general the battle mortality ranges highest
in the northern tier of States, whether Eastern or Western. The high
ratio of New England under this head, 44.76, is correlative with me
ratios of Iowa, 45.44, o^ Michigan, 44.82, and of Wisconsin, 42.01.
Even New York, notwithstanding the enormous number of bounty
jumpers who swelled its credit without going to increase its field mor-
tality, exhibits the projwrtion of 35.68 killed or died of wounds,
which is slightly above the general ratio of the loyal States. On the
other hand, the ratio of the Border States is but 25.32, which is 9.78
below the genenJ ratio and 19.44 below that of New England ; and as
a rule the ratio of the southern tier of loyal States is either below the
general ratio or not far removed from it.
As an explanation of the superior battle mortality of the extreme
northern section of the country I suggest the fact that, this region
being far removed from the seat of war, it was not necessary for any
portion of the troops raised in it to remain at home on garrison duty,
and they were therefore kept almost constantly at the front. Hence
also, at least in part, the high ratio of this section under other heads
of casualty resulting in an especial manner from field service, such
as deaths by disease and dischiBirges for disability.
A remarkable exception to the rule above noted is Kansas, which
was a frontier State during nearly the whole contest, and which,
nevertheless, shows the highest battle mortality of the table. But
the population of Kansas is a peculiarly pugnacious one, rendered
such by its origin and history. The same singularly martial disposi-
tion which induced above half the able-bodied men of the State to
enter the Anny without bounty, may be supposed to have increased
their exposure to the casualties of battle after they were in the
service.
Deaths hy disease,^
The variations of figures to be considered in connection with this
subject resulted in part from the varied nature of the service required
♦But see foot-note (f), pp. 664,665.
668 COBBESPONDEKCEy ETC.
of troops drawn from different localities. For instance, an nndne
proi)ortion of New England troops was used in the unhealthy Depart-
ments of the South and Gulf; and to this circumstance we may attrib-
ute in a measure the fact that 70.45 per thousand of the men credited
to the Eastern States died of disease. The men of the West were
poured into the feverish valleys of the Mississippi and its south-
em tributaries; and this aided, no doubt, to swell their mortality
by disease to the proi>ortion of 71.55 x>er thousand. The Border
State contingents, serving mainly in the same localities, lost from this
cause 66.76 per thousand. All the above ratios are higher than the
general one of the loyal States, which is but 59.22. On the other
and, the Middle States, whose men fought to a large extent in the
Army of the Potomac, suffered under this head to the amount of only
37.88 per thousand, which is 33.67 below the ratio of the Western
States and 21.34 below the general ratio. Virginia was a healthier
field of service than the bottoms of the Tennessee or the lowlands of
Louisiana and South Carolina; and it seems certain, moreover, that
the Army of the Potomac was the best provided of all our large
armies.
Again, it is to be noted that those States which show large mortality
on the battle-field likewise show large mortality by disease. Gener-
ally, a battle is but the culmination of preceding physical exertions
and hardships, such as severe marching, want of rest, exposure, hunger,
Jbc., all of which are causes and conditions of sickness. Moreover,
where there are many deaths in battle, there must be a proportionate
number of wounded; and men enfeebled by gunshot injuries natu-
rally sink all the easier under subsequent maladies and luirdships.
Discharges for disability,*
This branch of the subject is in a measure correlative with the infer-
ences under the foregoing heads. Wherever the table shows a large
ratio of deaths b}^ disease and deaths by battle it usually exhibits a
similar proportion of discharges for disability. In New England it is
97.07 per thousand; in the Western States, 91.50: in the Border
States, 65.99; in the Middle States, only 58.53.
Desertions.*
It appears beyond dispute that the crime of desertion is especially
characteristic of troops from large cities and of the districts which
they supply with recruits. The ratio per thousand of desertions to
credits throughout the loyal States is 62.51. In the State of New
York it rises to 89.06, and in the small States near New York City it
is still higher. In New Jersey it is 107.00; in Connecticut, 117.23;
in New Hampshire, 112.22. Yet the general ratio of New England is
but 74.24, the ratio of Massachusetts being 66.68, that of Vermont
51.75, and that of Maine 43.90. In the West, where large cities are
rare, the average ratio sinks to 45.51.
It is probable that a more minute examination of the statistics of
the Army than has yet been made would' reveal the fact that deser-
tion is a crime of foreign rather than native birth, and that but a
small proportion of the men who forsook their colors were Americans.
It is a notorious circumstance that the great mass of the professional
bounty jumpers were Europeans. In general, the manufacturing
♦But see foot-note (t), p. 664.
UNION AUTH0BITIE8. 669
States, as, for instance, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island,
New York, and New Jersey, rank high in the column of desertion;
and this result is to be attributed not only to the fact that such
States are dotted with towns and cities, but to the secondary fact
that these towns and cities are crowded with foreigners. The respect-
able and industrious part of this population did, indeed, produce a
mass of faithful troops; but with these were mixed a vast number of
adyenturers, unworthy of any country, who had no affection for the
Republic, and who only enlisted for money.
In general, those States ^hich gave the highest local bounties are
marked by the largest proportion of deserters. The bounty was
meant to be an inducement to enlistment; it became, in fact, an in-
ducement to desertion and fraudulent re-enlistment.
It is a singular and at first sight a puzzling fact that two extreme
Western States, Kansas and California, are distinguished, respec-
tively, by the high ratios in desertion of 117.54 and 101.86. But it
must be remembered that more than half the male population of
Kansas entered the service, and that consequently its contingent
contained an unusually large i)ercentage of men whose presence
was necessary to the subsistence and protection of their families.
In further explanation of this fact something may be attributed to
a lax state of discipline natural in border regiments serving for the
most XMurt in a somewhat irregular defense of their own frontiers. As
for California, it is to be observed that a i>ortion of the contingent of
that State consisted of men levied in the large cities of the East or of
adventurers from all quarters of the globe collected in the cosmoi>ol-
itan thoroughfares of San Francisco.
CasitaUies of cdored troops.*
In the casualties among the colored troops the most striking cir-
cumstance is the enormous proi)ortion of deaths by disease. The
ratio is no less than 141.39 per thousand, while the highest ratio on
the volunteer list is 114.02 (Iowa), and the general volunteer ratio is
59.22. This disparity is the more remarkable because the colored
troops were not so severely exposed during the war to the hardships
of field service proper, as is evident from the fact that their batUe
mortality is but 16.11 per thousand, while that of the volunteers is
35.10. The ratio of deaths by disease among the colored troops com-
pares still more unfavorably with that of the regulars, which is but
42.27 x>er thousand. It seems to indicate that the negro, in the con-
dition in which the war found him, was less able than the white to
endure the exx)Osures and annoyances of military service. It may be
assumed that where one man dies of disease at least five others are
seriously sick, so that a large proportion of the colored troops must
have been constantly upon the sick-list. The cause of this difference
of stamina in the two races is worthy of more space than can here be
given to it. It is merely suggested that it is moral rather than phys-
ical; that the greater susceptibility of the colored man to disease
arose from lack of heart, hope, and mental activity, and that a higher
moral and intellectual culture would diminish the defect. This view
is supported by the opinions of surgeons of boards of enrollment on
the abstract question of the physical fitness of the colored men exam-
ined by them. (See Appendix, Doc. No. 8.)
•But see foot-note (f), pp. 664, 665.
670 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
It is singular at first sight that in dischaiges for disability the ratio
of the colored troops is less than half that of the volunteers, the for-
mer being 37.92 per thousand and the latter 75.99. A smaller pro-
portion of the negroes than of the whites were wounded; but this
fact alone will not, it is believed, explain the whole difference. It
will prove, probably, that the colored soldiers rarely applied for dis-
charge on the ground of disability, and, secondly, that their diseases
were usually of an acute and mortal rather than of a chronic and
merely enfeebling nature.
In desertion the loss is 67.00 per thousand, which is slightly above
the general volunteer ratio of 62.51.
Casualties of Regular Army.*
The most fruitful source of casualties in the Regular Army is deser-
tion; it reaches the high ratio of 244.25 per thousand, while in the
volunteers it is but 62.51. The inference is irresistible that the men
who enlisted in the regular service were far inferior in character to
the troops furnished by the States; and it will probably be found on
examination that they were more commonly levied in the large cities
and embrace a far larger proportion of foreigners. The regular serv-
ice did not secure that noble class of native-bom soldiers which local
pride and State patriotism poured into the volunteer organizations.
In discharges for disability the regulars and volunteers do not
greatly vary, the former showing a loss of 75.99 i>er thousand, and the
latter 78.81. The slight difference here is fully accounted for by the
fact that the battle mortality of the volunteers (35.10) is somewhat
higher than that of the regulars (30.55).
Under the head of deaths by disease the influence of superior disci-
pline in securing cleanliness and other conditions of health is appar-
ent. The loss of the regulars is only 42. 27, while that of the volunteers
is 59.22.
In honorable discharges both regulars and colored troops contrast
advantageously with the volunteers. Here the regulars lose 17.88 per
thousand, the colored troops 15.08, and the volunteers 67.24. Honor-
able discharge indicates influence of friends, of members of Congress,
&c.y exerted to obtain the release of a man from service who is phys-
ically able to remain in it.
Explanaiion of section Sy Table IIL
The proportional analysis of the table of casualties by services and
arms of service, marked section 3, shows the ratios which each serv-
ice—regular, volunteer, and colored troops — and each arm of service —
cavalry, artillery, and infantry — furnished to each thousand of casu-
alties, and also to each thousand of every species of casualty. In
examining this table, each column must be considered by itself, inas-
much as each is based on a different element of the total of casualties.
For instance, under the head of ''killed or died of wounds," ^e divisor
used is the total "killed and died of wounds" of the entire Army,
while under the head of "died of disease" the divisor used is the total
"died of disease" of the entire Army.
Thus the first colunm simply exhibits the fact that of every thou-
sand men killed in battle and died of wounds 21 were regulars, 948
(nearly) were volunteers, and 31 were colored; also the fact that of
♦But see foot-note (f), pp. 664, 665.
UNION AUTHOBITIE8. 671
the same thousand 123 (nearly) were cavalry, 32 were artillery, and
845 (nearly) were infantry.
The proportions which the cavalry, artillery, and infantry of the
three services separately furnished to this same battle mortality of
one thousand are also eidiibited.
The ratios, comparing the three services — ^regulars, volunteers, and
colored troops — with each other, are not only interesting, but become
important when viewed in connection with the fact that the ratios i>er
thousand of men furnished to the Army by the three services were:
Regulars, 25.29; volunteers, 904.13; colored troops, 70.58. Thus it
appears that to every thousand of men killed in battle or died of
wounds, the volunteers contributed forty-three more than their pro-
X)ortionate number, the regulars four less, and the colored troops
thirty-nine less.
It should be stated, however, that the proportion of men furnished
18 based partly, so far as the regular and volunteer services are con-
cerned, on estimates, it being impossible as yet to give the numbers
with perfect accuracy.
In this connection I take occasion to repeat that none of these tables
and none of the inferences derived from them are advanced as abso-
lutely exhaustive or incontrovertible, and that I simply oflPer them for
consideration as being derived from the most complete data yet com-
piled on the subject, and as in the main correct. I am confident that
they will be found of great value when they shall be used as compara-
tive data in constructing and correcting other similar tables which
may be prepared by other bureaus.
Table I.
St€Uement of casucUtiea in the volunteer and reaidar armies of the United States,
and the colored troops, divided by States and independent organizations , from
the commencement of the rebellion up to August i, 1866.*
Table II.
Recapitulation of casualties in the regular and volunteer armies and colored
troops.*
Table III.
Section 1 .^Proportional analysis of the table of casualties by States ; ratioy 1,000.*
Section 2. — Proportional analysis of table of ccufualties.*
Section 3. — Proportional analysis of table of casualties by armies and arms of
service.*
PART vn.
Botmty.
Prior to March 3, 1863,a the Government was dependent upon volun-
tary enlistments for the recruitment of its armies. It was soon judged
necessary by Congress to stimulate recruiting by offering to recruits
inducements intended to compare favorably with the price of ordinary
labor and at the same time provide means for the support of the family
a See Appendix, Doc. 85.
* These tables (here omitted) are published in House Executive Document No. 1,
Thirty-ninth Congress, first session, Vol. IV, pp. 78-83. See also foot-note (f),
pp. 6(^, 665.
672 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
or others dependent on the labor of the recruit. With this object
bounties were allowed from time to time by the United States as
follows: a
From commencement of war to July 18, 1864, by the act of July 22,
1861, a bounty of $100 was allowed to all volunteers who served a
period of two years or during the war, $25 of which was paid upon
muster in under the act of June 21, 1862, and the remainder at expira-
tion of service.
From June 25, 1863, to April 1, 1864, in accordance with General
Orders, No. 191, of June 25, and No. 305, of September 11, 1863, a
bounty of $400 was paid to all veterans enlisting and re-enlisting for
three years or the war, in installments, as follows:
Upon being mtutered into service $85
At the first regular pay-day, or two months after muster in 50
At the first regular pay-day after six months' seryice 50
At the first regular pay-day after the end of the first year's service 60
At the first regular pay-day after eighteen months' service 60
At the first regular x>ay-day after two years* service 50
At the first regular pay-day after two and a half years' service 50
At the expiration of three years' service, if honorably discharged 75
General Orders, No. 324, of September 28, 1863, increased the pay-
ment on muster in to $60, and reduced the last payment to $40.
From October 24, 1863, to April 1, 1864, in accordance with circular
of October 24, 1863, from this office, a bounty of $300 was paid to all
new recruits enlisting for three years in old organizations, in install-
ments, as follows:
Upon being mustered into service $00
At first regular pay-day, or two months after muster in 40
At first regular pay-day after six months' service 40
At first regular pay-day after the end of the first year's service 40
At first reg^ular pay-day after eighteen months' service 40
At first re^ar pay-day after two years' service 40
At the expiration of three years' service, if honorably discharged 40
From December 24, 1863, to April 1, 1864, in accordance with tele-
gram from the Adjutant-General's Office, dated December 24, 1863, a
bounty of $300 was paid to new recruits enlisting for three years in
any three-years' organization in service or in process of completion.
Authorized by the acts of January 13 and March 3, 1864.
This bounty was paid in installments, in the same manner as pre-
scribed in circular of October 24, 1863, from this office, for the pay-
ment of bounty to new recruits enlisting in old organizations.
From July 19, 1864, to end of war, authorized by the act of July 4,
1864, bounty was paid as follows:
To recruits enlisting for one year $100
To recruits enlisting for two years 200
To recruits enlisting for three years SOO
This bounty was paid in installments, as follows:
One-third of the bounty at the time of muster in, one-third at the
expiration of one-half of term of service, and the remaining one-third
at the expiration of term of service.
From November 28, 1864, to the end of the war, in accordance with
General Orders, No. 287, of November 28, 1864, a special bounty of
$300 from the draft and substitute fund was paid to men enlisting in
the First Army Corps upon being mustered into service.
This bounty was in addition to that authorized by the act of July
4, 1864.
a See Doc. 6, table of bounties.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 673
In addition to the foregoing, the following bounties were authorized,
but were only paid in exceptional cases:
The act of July 17, 1862, authorized the payment of $25 bounty to
men enlisting for nine months under that act upon muster in. The
same act authorized the payment of $50 to men enlisting for twelve
months under that act, one-half to be paid the recruit upon joining
his regiment, and the other half at the expiration of service.
The act of March 3, 1863, authorized the payment of a bounty of
$50, one-half to be imid upon re-enlistment, and the balance at the
expiration of the term of service, to such of the volunteers and militia
then in the service of the United States as should re-enlist for one
year.
Under the operation of the enrollment law, localities which had
recruited the least number had, in addition to their proportion of
future quotas, to make good their former deficiencies, and it became
necessaiy for them to adopt some plan that would stimulate recruiting
to that extent, or submit to the enforcement of the draft.
The law a regulating Government bounty provided *'that every
volunteer accepted and mustered into the service for a term of one
year, unless sooner discharged," should '* receive and be paid by the
United States a bounty of $100; and if for a term of two years, unless
sooner discharged, a bounty of $200; and if for a term of three years,
unless sooner discharged, abounty of $300; one-third of which bounty"
was to be '^paid to the soldier at the time of his being mustered
into the service, one-third at the expiration of one-half of his term of
service, and one-third at the expiration of his term of service. And
in case of his death while in service, the residue of his bounty unpaid "^
was to be " paid to his widow, if he shall have left a widow; if not, to
his children; or if there be none, to his mother, if she be a widow."
A recruit enlisting for one year receives the one-third of $100 on
being mustered in, another third in six months, and the remainder at
the expiration of his term of service.
If we compare this witli the exorbitant bounties paid in advance by
local authorities as hereafter explained, its comparative insignificance
will readily demonstrate how little the Government bounty effected in
raising volunteers.
It should be remarked that while the Government always paid
bounty by installments, the local authorities almost uniformly paid in
advance, the tendency of the former system being to obtain men and
keep them, of the latter, mainly to obtain men to fill the quotas.
Experience had taught that men would more readily enlist for a
moderate bounty paid in advance than for a much greater one payable
in installments.
Under the pressure of the draft the local authorities did not stop to
consider the encouragement large cash bounties offered to desertion.
They saw that bounty paid in hand would secure recruits, and they
replied upon the Government to arrest desertei*s, forgetting that for the
sake of exorbitant bounty one man might enlist and desert a dozen
difTei*ent times, or as often as opportunity occurred, and the more
money he received the greater the facility for desertion. If, on the
other hand, the inducement to desert was removed by paying the
bounty in installments, the inducement to enlist was also diminished,
because, to be attractive, bounty must be paid in advance; but if
paid in advance, then the objections above stated will attach.
a See Appendix, Doc. 85.
43 R R — SERIES III, VOL V
674
This inangnrated the local bounty system. The localities mentioned
began with offering a moderate amount, which proved sufficient at
first to attract the attention of recruits, who felt themselves at liberty
to select their place of enlistment. With the development of this
system this amount was rapidly increased, owing to the fact that the
several localities became comx>etitors, and that success depended upon
the amount offered. The amount was the more readily increased in
consequence of the general impression that every call was the last.
Persons proposing to enter the service would seek the largest bounty,
and the locality that paid the highest price secured the most recruits.
This increase continued until, at the end of the war, in some localities,
the bounty. Government, State, and local, had reached $1,500 per man.
How much it would have increased if additional troops had been
called for it is difficult to say, but enough was developed to demon-
strate the ruinous effects of the system upon the country and its
resources.
After conscription became necessary, the quota of each district was
based upon its enrollment. The enrolled men constituted the material
with which its quota was to be filled. Any infiuence calculated to
raise recruits in one district for the benefit of another, that is, to
attract them from the one to the other, was unjust to the Government
and to the district from which the men were taken. Where District
No. 1, for instance, could induce the men of District No. 2 to enlist
to its own credit, it to that extent deprived District No. 2 of the means
of filling the quota for which it was liable, and as No. 1 could not be
required to furnish more than its quota, the Government lost all that
No. 2 was unable to furnish.
In many of the districts exorbitant bounties were paid, while neigh-
boring districts were unable to pay, perhaps, one-half as much, and
the enrolled men of the latter were induced to enlist to the credit of
the former, which, by this means, would escape the draft. The latter,
with no material left with which to fill its quota, except that which
the country could least afford to spare — the actual producers — men
fixed to the soil — was compelled to abide the issue of the draft.
This injustice became so flagrant that the attention of Congress was
directed to the subject, and an effort was made to prevent the evil by
a law requiring all volunteers to be credited to their places of actual
residence.
The attempt to carry out this provision was only partially successful.
Where recruits or substitutes were presented as rapidly as the interest
of the service required them, it was difficult to prove that they were
not residents of the locality to which they claimed to belong and desired
to be credited. If collateral proof was required t^ support their claim,
it was readily afforded by the adroit management of recruiting agents
or substitute brokers. Besides, men who were induced to enlist for
the sake of bounty were generally those who sacrificed but little in
changing their actual residence a day or two previous to enlistment,
thus defeating, by a literal compliance, the spirit of the law.
Under these circumstances the business of recruiting assumed a
mercenary character.
The enormous profits which the system yielded to those engaged in
it soon developed a class of persons known as ''substitute brokers,"
who sprang up in various towns and cities, and who soon, to a great
extent, monopolized the business of presenting volunteers and
substitutes.
UKION AUTHOBITIE& 675
The object of these partieB being to enrich themselvcB, it mattered
little to them whether the men they furnished were fit for service,
already deserters from the Army, or persons known as professional
*' bounty jumpers" — that is, men who made enlisting and deserting a
vocation. Again, the anxiety of the citizens to have their respective
quotas promptly filled induced submission to the evil, or at least for
the time being prevented proper effort for its detection and preven-
tion. By this system profligate and corrupt men amassed fortunes
from the money raised for the purpose of paying local bounties to sol-
diers, and thus diverted it to the l^nefit of those who were least of all
entitled to receive it. While enriching themselves they, on the one
hand, appropriated the money which heavy taxation had produced,
and on the other they furnished, in many instances, men whose only
object was to obtain a Government and local bounty, and then desert
or seek to be discharged. It is scarcely necessary to allude to th€
effect upon a regiment when the places of even a few of its slain vet
erans were filled with such material. Veterans who had enlisted
early in the rebellion, without expectation of bounty, had good cause
to murmur when late in the war unworthy recruits came among them
rich with bounty for one year's enlistment.
After the call of December 19, 1864, General L. C. Baker, then
sx)ecial agent of the War Department, was at my request ordered t<i
investigate, under my direction, frauds in the recruiting service.
These abuses could not be thoroughly probed if his operations
were limited to that branch of business x>^rtaining to my Bureau
(draft and volunteer recruitment^, and his operations, therefore,
reached the naval recruiting service, which was controlled by the
Navy Department, and the recruiting service of the Regular Army,
which was controlled by the Adjutant-General. The character and
extent of the frauds and abuses in each of these branches of the gen-
eral recruiting service appear, so far as they were developed by this
investigation, in General Baker's official report. General Baker is
entitled to special credit for the zeal and ability with which he con-
ducted the investigation.
A plan of recruitment, based upon the bounty system, will neces-
sarily be more expensive than any other, and, as a rule, produce
soldiers of an inferior class; and although bounty is unquestionably
calculated to stimulate recruiting, it does not always accomplish that
object at the proper time. For when it is visible, as it was during
the late war, that in the anxiety to obtain recruits the bounties offered
constantly increased, the men who intend to enlist at one time or
another are induced to hold back, with the hope, at a later day, of
receiving a higher compensation and having to serve for a shorter
period.
In time of peace a sufficient number of recruits to meet the require-
ments of the service can usually be procured without the aid of
bounty, and in time of war the country can least afford the cost,
besides needing the service of better men than those who enter the
Army simply for mercenary motives.
I beg leave to submit that for the purpose of maintaining or
increasing the Army the law of Congress, as embodied in the act
kno^vn as the enrollment act and its amendments, with the single
additional amendment hereinbefore mentioned, is ample in itself for
any emergency which the country has witnessed or is likely to meet
in the fntiire, without resorting to any system of bounties by the
Government or local authorities. It has seemed the more necessary to
676 CORBBSPONDENCBy BTC.
present these views and facts, because it is absolately essential that
they be properly weighed and considered when a war begins, and
before a system of bounties is inaugurated, for once involved in the
system it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to escape from it,
or even restrict the rapid growth of its evUs.
PART vin.
Desertion.
Thdre can be no cause so just or so beloved that war in its behalf
will not be attended by desertion among its defenders. The extent
of the evil is governed by circumstances, but is always directly affected
by the relative leniency or severity with which the crime is treated.
Our experience in this regard during the late war has been costly and
extensive, and is worthy of sx>ecial note.
Prior to the commencement of the war in April, 1861, the Army
Regulations authorized a reward of $30 for the arrest and delivery of
a deserter to an officer of the Army. It was then and is still the duty
of every officer to arrest deserters, but the duty did not belong speci-
ally to any class of officers and the arrests made were generally by
the i>olice of cities for the reward offered. Daring the spring and
summer of 1861 large bodies of volunteer troops were called into service,
and desertion became frequent. Looking back by the light of experi-
ence, it would seem that this fact should have induced an increase of
the reward offered or the adoption of other measures to check the evil;
but, on the contrary, few arrests were made, the severity of punish-
ment was not increased, and an order was issued from the Adjutant-
General's Office on the 7th of September, 1861, reducing the reward
from (30 to $5, the latter amount to cover all the expenses of appre-
hension and delivery. This proved prohibitory to action, and the
economy practiced was found in the end to have been expensive. The
evil grew, and on the 7th of April, 1862, by General Orders, No. 36,
from the Adjutant-General's Office, the duty of collecting stragglers
and deserters was especially assigned to the military commanders of
citieS) but both their authority and means were so limited that little
impH^ement resulted, notwithstanding that in June and July, 1862,
general orders were published requiring and commanding all absentees
to return under severe penalties, and calling upon the civil as well as
the nkilitary authorities to contribute their services to this end.
On the 24th of September, 1862, a general order was issued api)oint-
ing Simeon Draper, esq., Provost-Marshal-General, and authorizing
various assistants, with a view to checking the evil from which the
service was then seriously suffering. I have no data from which to
determine the extent of this effort or its true results, but it is certain
that the abuse was not removed.
Sections 5, 6, 7, 24, and 26 of enrollment acta approved March 3,
1863, laid the foundation of a system for correcting the evil of deser-
tion. It was made the duty of a provost-marshal-general in Wash-
ington to ascertain and communicate to a provost-marshal appointed
in each Congressional district such facts connected with the desertion
of the different men of that class as would be likely to facilitate their
arrest, and the law required the provost-marshals to seek out, arrest,
and return deserters. Any person procuring or enticing a soldier to
desert, or harboring, concealing, giving employment to, or aiding in
carrying him away was made liable to imprisonment and fine.
a See Appendix, Doc. 8S.
UNION AUTHOBirnSB. 677
Section 21 of the act approved March 3, 1865, provided that, in
addition to the other lawful penalties for the crime of desertion, all
deserters who did not return within sixty days should be deemed to
have relinquished their right of citizensMp and their right to become
citizens, and were disquaMed from holding office under the United
States. The same penalties were prescribed for all who might subse-
quently desert either from actual military service or to escape the
draft.
The Articles of War prescribe the death penalty for the convicted
deserter in time of war. The law on the subject is therefore sufficient.
The business in my office relating to deserters has formed a distinct
branch, as heretofore shown in statement of the organization of the
office. It received the earliest attention of the Bureau, and was con-
tinually looked after with special care. The report of the officer
lately in immediate charge of it is in Appendix, Document 7.
On the 16th of July, 1863, the reward for apprehending a deserter
was increased to $10, and in September, 1863, it was further increased
to $30, at which it remained until March 11, 1865, when an order was
issued by the Secretary of War discontinuing all rewards for the
arrest of deserters; this order having, however, been since modified
so as to allow the reward of $30 for the arrest of deserters from the
Regular Army.
As required by orders, the various commanders of troops made to
this office, from time to time, reports of the desertions from their
commands. From these documents, which, however, are not entirely
complete, it appears that 268,530 desertions have taken place since
the war commenced in 1861. But it must be borne in mind that
many of those embraced in this return were not deserters in fact, but
men who, without the knowledge of their officers, became unavoid-
ably absent from various causes — sickness, injuries, accidents, inten-
tionally or unintentionally oversta3ring their furloughs, A;c.— and,
being rei>orted to this office as deserters, went to swell the aggregate,
notwithstanding that their absence was afterward satisfactorily
accounted for. This aggregate is further increased by the fact that
the same men deserted and were reported more than once.
In the war just closed there was too much marching and fighting
to permit regimental and company commanders to make full and
accurate returns, covering all points; but from the best data fur-
nished, it is thought that the aggregate of desertions, 268,530, should
be reduced 25 per cent, on the above account, leaving the actual
desertions 201,397. This includes drafted men who deserted after
being examined and held to service, but does not include the drafted
men who failed to report in response to the draft.
It will be observed from the table a that of those reported as
deserters, 92,095, or nearly two-fifths of all reported, deserted prior
to April 1, 1863, when the duty of their arrest was assumed by this
Bureau. It is not known how many deserters were arrested between
the beginning of the war and April 1, 1863. Since that date 75,909
have l^en arrested through the instrumentality of this Bureau, mak-
ing an average of about 3,000 per month. Thus nearly two-thirds as
many deserters have been arrested by this Bureau and returned to
the service as have deserted since the Bureau was established. When
it is remembered that some of these criminals joined the enemy and
more went to foreign parts, it is fair to conclude that no large propor-
tion remained with impunity within our jurisdiction. It is known,
a See Appendix, Doc. 7.
678 CORRB6POKDEKCB, STC.
however, that many have returned, sinoe, with the close of the war,
danger of arrest and punishment passed away.
Special causes operaiing to produce desertion in the U. 8, Army
during the laie rebellion.
In the late war of rebellion there seem to have been some special
causes operating to produce desertion, which it is well to mention in
detail:
First. For the first two years of the war the Government had to
depend on the services, voluntarily presented, of men who, with
abundant patriotism, had no knowledge of military law and obliga-
tion and no conception of discipline; men who had always freely
acted according to their own ideas and wishes, restrained by no other
legal requirements than those of the civil law governing a fi^ee people.
It is not strange that among such men many should have al^nted
themselves, in the beginning of the war, from ignorance as to their
duties and obligations and become technically deserters, but without
really deserting the flag or abandoning the cause. It is a well-ascer-
tained fact that numbers who desert^ the commands to which they
belonged in the early part of the war subsequently joined other
branches of the service without the inducements of bounty and
proved to be good and faithful soldiers. The mode of organizing
troops was fruitful of evil in this regard. The men elected their offi-
cers generally without knowledge as to the requirements of the places
to be filled or the fitness of the persons chosen. The majority ruled
in the election, and issues not connectied with the military service
often governed it. A dissatisfied and often highly intelligent minority
was frequently the result, and desertion, both before and after suffi-
cient trial to prove the fitness or the unfitness of the officers, occurred,
and was regarded by the parties resorting to it more as a refusal on
their part to ratify a contract than as the commission of a grave
crime. The remedy for this was only to be found in abandoning the
system of electing officers, and adopting that of having t^em appointed
by those comx^etent to judge of their qualifications for the duty
required.
Second. The large bounties paid to recruits both encouraged and
facilitated desertion, as explained in the chapfier on bounties.
Third. The want of adequate means for the arrest of deserters in the
early part of the war, and the consequent impunity with which they
returned to and remained at their homes, and the failure to adminis-
ter prompt and adequate punishment for the worst phases of the
crime, when occasion offered, contributed more, perhaps, than any-
thing else to the evil of desertion.
The evils of desertion do not need enumeration. There was one,
however, which may be mentioned as particularly observable during
the war, viz, the discouragement to volunteering that resulted from
the exaggerations indulged in by deserters as to the harsh treatment
they had met with, and the false stories they spread abroad of the
cruelty and unnecessary hardships to which the men were subjected
by their officers.
Lives sacrificed, battles lost, and war prolonged, in consequence of
the depletion of thd ranks of the armies by desertion, were the
natural fruits of the want of rigor in dealing with this evil in the
early sti^s of the war. Undue mercy to deserters was in reality
harsh cruelty to those who remained true to their flag.
UinON AtJTHORlTIES. 679
PAST IX.
Medical examination and statistics.
For the proi)er instruction of surgeons of boards of enrollment,
and establishment of a uniform understanding of the prescribed
medical regiilations, it became necessary to oi^anize a branch to
which all medical questions should be referred. For this purpose the
medical branch of this Bureau was organized January 11, 1864.
Forms for medical record books of the examination of recruits,
substitutes, drafted and enrolled men, were at once prepared and
forwarded to the surgeons of the several boards of enrollment, with
circular letters containing full information as to the appropriate con-
struction of the several sections of paragraph 85 of the Revised
Regulations of the Bureau, which defines the diseases and infirmities
that disqualify men for military service.
Medical oflBcers were detailed as in8i)ectors of boards of enrollment
and instructed in reference to their duties. During the operations
of the draft these officers made frequent tours of inspection and con-
tributed largely to the establishment of a uniform system of medical
examination.
Monthly medical reports, containing the date of examination, name,
age, occupation, residence, nativity, height, color of eyes, hair, and
complexion, chest measurement, married or single, white or colored,
physique, and results of examination, were required from surgeons
of boards of enrollment, and examined and tabulated by the medical
branch of the Bureau.
By means of these records a complete history of the medical exam-
ination of 1,014,776 men has been preserved. It afforded the means
of examining into complaints as to improper action in holding to
service or enlisting men physically unfit, with an intelligent under-
standing of the facts in the case, and insured a radical discovery and
exposure of attempts at fraudulent enlistment.
The medical statistics which the Bureau has thus been able to col-
lect, a x)ortion of which accompanies this report, a are greater in
extent, and believed to contain in a minute and available form more
valuable information, than this or perhaps any other country has
hitherto possessed.
PART X.
The Vetercm Reserve Corps.
As heretofore stated, the laws for enrolling and drafting the national
forces and arresting deserters, under which this Bureau was insti-
tuted, were adopted solely from the necessity of strengthening the
armies in the field to an extent sufficient to insure success against the
enemy. To realize this purpose in the fullest measure it was desira-
ble to avoid any weakening of the force then in the field by employ-
ing a portion of it in enforcing these laws. The first steps toward
a See Appendix, Doc. 8.*
* Here omitted; but see Executive Document No. 1, House of Bepresentatives,
Thirty-ninth Congress, first session , Vol. IV, pp. 258-699. Attention is also directed
to a later official compilation, entitled ''Statistics, Medical and Anthropological,
of the Provofit-Marshal-General^s Bureau,*' by Col. J. H. Baxter, chiez medioal
purveyor, U. S. Army, and published by authority of Congress in 1875.
680 CORBESPONDENCE, ETC.
organizing this Bureau, however, showed the indispensability of a
military force of some kind for the efficient execution of the varioas
'provisions of tlie enrollment act.
A plan was therefore submitted by my letter of April 17, 1863, by
which it was proposed, first, to retain the military services for garri-
son, hospital, and provost duty of that class of deserving officers and
men who, from wounds received in action or disease contracted in the
service, were unfit for further duty in the field, and who would other-
wise be discharged, but were still able to perform light duty; second,
to bring back for like purpose those who had previously been dis-
charged on similar grounds, were unfit for active service, and not
liable to draft.
The necessity for the action taken on this plan was not limited to
the wants of this Bureau. The drain caused by the war on the able-
bodied men of the country had been so severe that an intelligent
economy of the public strength demanded that some portion of the
vast numbers of soldiers unfit for field service should be utilized for
military purx>oses. To enlist or conscript disabled men, except under
the extremest pressure of necessity, would have been cruelty and
folly; but to keep in service experienced soldiers, who were simply
disabled for the march ; to relieve with them at least an equal number
of able-bodied men, who could thus be sent to the front; to provide
the Government with a reliable military police force, urgently needed
in time of raids, riots, and the like, and to constitute a garrison force
with unity of organization and purpose, and of high military esprit,
and all this without the expense of recruitment or the severity of con-
scription, seemed to be a most desirable object. That the object was
attained to an extent not at first even hoped for, the history of the
Veteran Reserve Corps fully attests.
It is proper to state that prior to the organization of the corps the
practice of discharging partially disabled soldiers had been somewhat
limited, and that some of the invalids were required to perform light
duties. Being, however, retained on the rolls of their respective com-
panies, they weakened the Army, for, though absent in person, their
places could not be filled by recruits, as they formed part of the author-
ized strength of the organizations to which they belonged.
The plan of organization for the Invalid or Veteran Reserve Corps
was announced in General Orders, No. 105, dated April 28, 1863. a
The Provost-Marshal General was charged with the execution of the
order, and the troops raised under it were placed under his control.
Stringent measures were adopted with a view to admitting only such
disabled officers of good habits as were well indorsed for good con-
duct in the field, and possessed of the industry, education, and intel-
ligence necessary to make efficient officers and form an honorable as
well as useful corps.
Competent boards were instituted to examine the officers applying
for admission, the question of disability being determined by medical
men in the service of the Government. No applicant was examined
for appointment until he had filed in this office satisfactory recom-
mendations from his superiors in the field as to good character and
behavior in active service.
There were three sources from which the material for the formation
of the corps could be drawn: (1) Men still in the field w*ho had been
disabled by wounds or by disease contracted in the line of duty; (2)
men absent from their colors in hospitals or convalescent camps, or
a See Appendix, Doc. 23.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 681
otherwise under the control of medical officers; (3) men who had been
honorably discharged on account of wounds or other disability result-
ing from military service. Officers as well as soldiers were received
from these three classes, and from these alone.
The material thus obtained was at first organized into companies
and battalions of infantry. The companies were composed of men
from various States, and often from all the different arms of the serv-
ice, thus adding to the ordinary difficulties of oi*ganization, discipline,
and instruction. These were, however, rapidly overcome through the
industry, zeal, and ability with which the instructions of the Bureau
were carried out by the officers of the corps, who were selected with
great care and i*egard both to gallantry and fitness.
Before the end of June, 1803 (prior to the commencement of the first
draft), sixteen companies of the Firat Battalion and six of the Second
Battalion were in readiness for duty. The number rapidly increased
until the returns of October 31, 1863, showed the corps to consist of
491 officers and 17,764 enlisted men.
The First Battalion companies were comx)Osed of men capable of
carrying muskets and performing garrison duty. The Second Battal-
ion companies were composed of men of an inferior degree of phys-
ical ability, but who were fit for hospital duty, as guai^s, clerks,
attendants, Ac. They were armed with swords and pistols.
On the 5th of September, 1863, the organization of regiments was
authorized. Each regiment was made to comprise six companies of
the First Battalion and four of the Second, the design being that each
regiment thus constituted should be able to furnish proper details at
anj'^ point where it might he stationed for garrison and hospital duty.
After trial it was found best to have the regiments composed only
of First Battalion companies, and their organization was modified
accordingly. The second battalion companies were retained as sep-
arate organizations, and were finally, March 21, 1865, turned over to
the Medical Department of the Army, for which they had always
been mainly intended.
On the 1st of October, 1864, the corps consisted of 764 commis-
sioned officers and 28,738 enlistefl men, organized into 24 complete
infantry regiments of the First Battalion and 153 unassigned com-
panies of the Second Battalion.
On the 31st of May, 1865, the corps consisted of 762 commissioned
officers and 29,852 enlisted men.
As soon as it was ascertained, in April, 1865, that the rebellion was
overcome, the appointment of officers and the enlistment and transfer
of men to the corps were discontinued. The orders of the War
Department for the i*eduction of the vast Volunteer Army were made
so far applicable to the Veteran Reserve Corps as to allow the dis-
charge of all who desired it. This resulted in reducing the corps by
the 31st of December, 1865, to 644 commissioned officers and less than
1,000 enlisted men. The men were consolidated into independent
companies and officered, and the remainder of the officers not on
special service were oi'dered to their homes to await instructions.
Two hundred and ninety-five of the officers are on duty in the Freed-
men's Bureau.
On the 13th of December, 1865, a resolution passed the House of
Representatives requesting the Secretary of War to suspend action as
to mustering out the officers of the corps until the subject could be
considered by Congress.
Over 60,000 men entered the Veteran Reserve Corps, and at one
time it was twice as large as was the entire Regular Army at the com-
682 COBRE8PONDEKCE, ETC.
mencement of the war. The discipline and instmction acquired by
the corps were highly creditable. Its services were always valuable,
bat were too varied to be briefly enumerated, inasmuch as, where one
regiment escorted thousands of prisoners, convalescents, recruits, and
conscripts, whose numbers can be given with accuracy, another sim-
ply defended and held important military lines and positions, aided
in the enrollment and draft, or guarded vast depots of public prop-
erty, thus performing duty which, from its nature, is not capable of
exact definition. During its entire existence the corps was in the
performance of duties which would otherwise have been necessarily
{performed by as great a number of able-bodieid troops detached from
the ai*mies in the field. Its career has been one of usefulness as well
as of honor; it has accomplished all that could have been hoped of it,
and more. Men who could no longer endure a full day's march, but
who could still garrison important positions, hold lines of defense, and
otherwise promote the public interests, have held its commissions
and filled its ranks. Of every 100 of its officers, 82 were disabled by
gunshot wounds, 13 by disease, 5 by accidental injuries, and all in
the service of their country in her time of need. TVied on their
entrance to the corps by the requisites of good character, meritorious
military histoiy, and invalidism contracted in the execution of
soldierly duty, the officers and men have performed their varied and
responsible labors with zeal, integrity, ability, and educated intelli-
gence. To the justice and magnanimity of the Nation, in the claims
they may present for further military service or other suitable
employment, I recommend the many officers and men of the corps
who have so far suffered for their country that they can no longer
put forth their full strength for their own support.
PART XI.
CommiUation money, a
The thirteenth section of the original enrollment act, March 3*
1863,& provided that a drafted man might secure exemption from
service under the draft by paying to such person as the Secretary of
War might designate to receive it such sum, not exceeding $300, as
the Secretary might determine.
In June, 1863,c preparatory to the first draft^^the Secretary of War
fixed $300 as the sum to be paid, and designated the Provost-Marshal-
General as the person to receive it. It was collected in accordance
with the following plan:
By direction of the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the
Ti*easury, the collector of internal revenue in each district was
required to collect the commutation money from drafted men who
desired to pay it for the purpose of securing the exemption authorized
by law. Receipts given to the drafted men by the collector for the
money so paid were presented by the drafted man to the Board of
Enrollment, who gave him in return a certificate of exemption, accord-
ing to form subscribed by the Bureau.
The Board of Enrollment was required to make to this office weekly
abstracts of exemptions, and to accompany the same with the
receipts for the commutation, in consideration of which the men
nam^ in the abstract had been exempted.
The receipts thus obtained through the Board of Enrollment
a For details as to this fond, see Appendix, Doc. 0.
h See Appendix, Doc. 85, Art. 4.
cSee Appendix, Doc. 24.
t^HlOK ATITHOBITIBS. 683
acquainted the Bnreaa with the exact liability on this aoconnt of the
different collectors.
The collectors were required, by the orders of the Secretary of War,
to deposit these funds to the credit of Col. James B. Fry, Provoet-
Marshal-General, in the designated U. S. depositories, according to
the rules governing them as collectors of internal revenue, and to
forward to this office weekly summary statements of commutation
moneys received and deposited, accompanying the same by a copy of
the certificate of deposit and an abstract, showing the names of the
drafted men who paid the money, the date and amount of payment,
with such remarks as were pertinent.
These returns were compared with those received from the boards of
enrollment, and it thus appeared whether or not the collectors had
deposited all the money received by them.
Deeming it proper to make myself accountable to the Treasur}*
Department for this money, the same as if I had receipted to that
Department for it, I forwarded to the Treasury weekly returns of the
f nnds, showing the collectors through whom it had been received, the
XT. S. depositories in which it was placed, and the amount disbursed
and remaining on hand.
The sum of $15,665,476.96 was received and deposited to my
credit a prior to February 23, 1864. The accounts relating to the
receipt and disbursement of this sum have been examined and finally
approved by the Comptroller of the Treasury.
On that date a joint resolution of Congress was approved, requiring
that the money which had been paid by drafted i>ersons under the
enrollment acts, or which might thereafter be paid under any act for
like purposes, should be paid into the Treasury of the United States,
and drawn out on requisitions like other public monejrs, and should
be used for the expenses of the draft and for the procuration of sub-
stitutes, for which purposes this resolution especially appropriated it.
Subsequent to the announcement of this resolution the money was
collected by the same process as theretofore, but it was deposited to
the credit of the Treasurer of the United States.
The whole amount of commutation money received was:
FxomMaixie $610,200.00
New Hampshire 208.500.00
Vermont 603,400.00
MassachnsettB 1,610,400.00
Rhode Ida&d 141,800.00
Connecticut 457,200.00
New York 5.485,709.25
New Jersey 1,265,700.00
Pennsylvania 8,684,800.00
Delawaie 416,100.00
Maryland 1,181.900.00
District of Columbia 96,900.00
Kentuclqr 997,630.00
Ohio 1,978,087.68
MisBonri
Illinois 15,900.00
Indiana 285,500.00
Michigan 614,700.00
Wisconsfai 1,583,600.00
Iowa 22,500.00
Mhmeflota 816,800.00
Total 26,866,816.78
a For full statements of accounts of this fond and their settlement by the
Treasory Depiurtment, see Appendix, Doc 9.
684 CORBESPONDENCE, ETC.
This sum was collected by the Bureau at an expense of less than
seven-tenths of one per cent., and without the loss of a dollar through
neglect, accident, fraud, or otherwise.
It has been disposed of as follows:
Disbursed on account of enrollment and draft, procuration of substi-
tutes, Ac,^ $16,976,211.14. (For details, see Appendix, Document 0.)
Balance to the credit of the Bureau in the Treasury of the United
States, January 1, 1866, $9,390,105.64.
There are yet outstanding accounts to be paid from this fund.
The act of February 24, 1864, required that a just compensation be
allowed from this fund to each loyal person to whom a colored volun-
teer owed service at the time he entered the Army. The amount nec-
essary for this purpose is not known.
Disbunrsementa^ accounts^ dkc.
The appropriations for the regular supply departments of the Army —
Subsistence, Quartermaster's Department, Ac. — ^being properly appli-
cable only to the support of soldiers after they have been fully received
into the military service, could not be used to defray the expenses of
this Bureau for raising troops.
The small annual appropriation for the recruitment of the Regular
Army was only sufficient to meet the demands upon it for that pur-
pose. In August, 1861, an appropriation of $20,000,000 was made by
Congress for ''collecting, drilling, and organizing volunteers." Fur-
ther appropriations for this purpose were subsequently made, as shown
hereafter.
The enrollment act was passed March 3, 1863, without an appropria-
tion of money for its support.
The small sums found to be immediately necessary in putting the
Bureau into operation were obtained by temporary transfer from the
contingent fund of the War Department.
In May, 1863, the volunteer recruiting service, including the con-
trol of the fund for ** collecting, drilling, and organizing volunteers,''
and the appropriation for "pay of bounty" (made July 5, 1862), and
by subsequent acts, was transferred to this Bureau.
Under the first draft, which commenced July 7, 1863, the commu-
tation money paid by drafted men to secure exemption began to accu-
mulate, and soon became available for the expenses of enrollment and
draft and the procuration of substitutes.
The funds, therefore, which have been under the control of the
Bureau are the following:
1. The fond for collecting, drilling, and organizing volnnteers :
Appropriation for fiscal year ending-
June 30, 1862 $20,000,000.00
June 30, 1868 5,000,000.00
June 30, 1864 10.700,000.00
June 80, 1865 5,000,000.00
Total 40.700,000.00
2. The fund for pay of advance bounty :
Appropriation for fiscal year ending-
June 80, 1868 7,500,000.00
June 80, 1864 5,000,000.00
Amount appropriated December 23, 1863, to supply deficiencies
in former appropriations 20,000,000.00
Appropriation for fiscal year ending June 30,1865 6,000,000.00
Total 37,500,000.00
UNION ▲UTHOBinSS. 685
8. The fond for enrollment and draft and proonration of snbeti*
tatee:
Beceived from payment by drafted men of commntation money—
Up to October 81, 1868 10,518.000.00
Prom November 1,1868, to October 81,1864 15,188,8W.a5
From November l,1864,to December 81, 1865 669,917.58
Total 26,866,816.78
By seotion 17 of the act approved February 24, 1864,a members of
religious denominations who f uliilied the conditions prescribed in the
act secured exemption from service under the draft by paying 1300
each.
This money was collected in the manner heretofore explained for
collecting commutation money, but as required by law it was depos*
it'Cd in the Treasury for the benefit of sick and wounded soldiers, and
in order that it might be applied to that purpose it was placed sub-
ject to the requisitions of the Medical Department of the Army.
The total amount of this fund collected and deposited by this Bureau
was $463,987.63.
llie disbursements from these funds have been as follows:
From the fund for collecting, drilling, and organizing volnnteers:
Diebarsed during the fiflcal year ending Septeniber 80, 1862
(prior to the organization of thisBorean) $18,779,897.27
Distrarsed daring the months of October, November, and De-
cember, 1862, and January, February, March, and April,
1868 (prior to the organization of this Bureau) 6,782,802.40
Total disbursed prior to the oiganization of this Bureau. 20, 512, 699. 67
Disbursed during the months of Sfay, June, July, August,
and September, 1868 (subsequent to the orgamzanon or this
Bxtteau) .^ 1,086,891.00
Disbursed during the fiscal year ending September 80, 1864
(Bubseouent to the orflcanization of this Bureau) 4, 164, 741 . 51
Disbursea during the fiscal year ending September 80, 1865
(subseouent to the organization of this Bureau) 1 , 422, 281. 78
Disbursed during the months of October, November, and De-
cember, 1866 (subsequent to the organization of this Bureau) . 281 , 278. 00
Total disbursed subsequent to the organization of this
Bureau 6,905,192.24
Fund for pay of advance bounty :
Disbursed during the fiscal year ending-
June 80, 1863 2,175,975.00
June 30, 1864 18,000,897.00
June 80, 1865 6,176,696.43
Total bounty fund disbursed by this Bureau 26,858,668.43
This Bureau paid only the first installment of bounty due the recruit
at date of muster into service. The remaining installments were paid
by the Pay Department as they became due.
llie fund (arising from commutations) for enrollment and draft and
procuration of substitutes:
Disbursed during the years 1863, 1864, and to December 81, 1865. $16,976,211.14
Total disbursements from the fund for enrollment and draft
and procuration of substitutes 16,976,211.14
Total amount of funds which have been subject to control of the
Bureau on all accounts $104,566,816.78
Total disbursements on all accounts 70,747,641.49
Total unexpended balance of all funds 83,818,645.29
a See Appendix, Doc. 85.
686 COBRE8PONDEMGE, ETC.
The disbursements from the first two named appropriations, to
wit, ** Collecting, organizing, and drilling volunteers," and "Pay of
advance bounty," were made by officers of the Regular Army, assigned
e6X)ecially to that duty, and stationed at convenient points in the dif-
ferent States. They were supplied with funds by requisitions on the
Treasury, and made their returns to that Department in a manner
similar to that of disbursing officers in the regular supply departments
of the Army, acting under the direction of the Adjutant-General until
May 1, 1863, and of the Provost-Marshal-General from that date io the
present time.
In organizing the Bureau of the Provost-Marshal-General it was of
course foreseen that the business would require in every district the
expenditure of money for a great variety of purposes. There were
many strong reasons why the accounts should, if iiossible, be paid
without putting money into the hands of the provost-marshals as dis-
bursing officers. Accordingly, a plan differing from that pursued by
other bureaus was adopted. Provost-marshals were instructed as to
what indebtedness they could properly incur, and were furnished with
the forms of vouchers and returns to be used. They were directed,
after preparing and certifying the vouchers, to send them for payment
to the P^vost-Marshal-General at Washington. With a view to their
prompt settlement, a special branch was established in this office, con-
sisting, besides the necessary clerks, ACy of one officer in charge and
four assistants, as disbursing officers, each in charge of a division.
The accounts of the Bureau were distributed for examination and
payment as fast as received among these four divisions, as follows:
First Division, i>ayment of employ^; Second Division, payment of
employes ; Third Division, payment of travel pay to drafted men, post-
age, telegrams, advertising, subsistence and lodging of employ^ not
in military service, and expenses of arrest of deserters; Fourth Divis-
ion, payment of expenses in purchase of public property and of rents
and transportation.
The officers in charge of these four disbursing divisions were fur-
nished with funds by requisition on the Treasury. They kept deposits
in the various U. S. depositories throughout the region of country in
which they had to make imyments. As soon as the accounts received
from provost-marshaLs were examined and found to be correct the dis-
bursing officers paid them by checks on the mostisonvenient depository,
drawn in favor of the party entitled to the money. (For details see
Appendix, Document 9.)
This system had various advantages, among which may be men-
tioned the following, viz:
1. No accounts were paid until the Provost-Marshal-General (who
was required by law to audit them) was satisfied that they were correct.
An immense saving of money unquestionably resulted from this. As
the accounts had to be examined in Washington and pronounced cor-
rect and just according to the rules of this Bureau and the Treasury
Department before they could be paid, the officers and parties inter-
ested were thereby stimulated to promptness and accuracy in their
preparation.
2. The Treasury Department had to keep accounts with only four
officers instead of nearly 200, as would have been the case if provost-
marshals had been made disbursing officers. Uniformity in the pay-
ments was secured and the chances for loss were greatly diminishe<l
by using a few instead of many disbursing officers, and having them
in Washington under the immediate supervision of the Bureau, and
requiring that their time be given exclusively to this business.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 687
3. By relieving the provoat-marshals of the responsibility of dis-
bursing public money, not only was the Government saved from loss
that would necessarily have resulted from their inexperience, but
these officers escaped complications which would probably have
embarrassed them for years in their settlements with the Treasury.
4. Under the plan pursued the persons to be employed, the leases
to be made, <fec., had to receive the approval of the Bureau before
payments were made, and thus unnecessary and improper contracts
for services and property were prevented.
APPENDIX.*
PART XII.
Document No. 1.
Strength of the Army at various daiea.
Table No. \,-^trength of U. S. Army January i, I86l,f
Table No. 2.Strength of the Army at various dates, compiled by the Adjutant-
^ " of the An ^ -»
Oeneral of the Army, after a thorough revision of his records^
Document No. 2.
Recruitment of European armies,^
Document No. 3.
Recruiimfient of the British urmy,^
Document No. 4.
RecrwUment of the French army,^
Document No. 5.
The organization of the rebel armies.
Although it was found impossible to obtain suf&ciently comprehen*
sive data from which to prepare a complete history of the creation
and recruitment of the forces that confronted our own armies for
four years, all the laws and general regulations issued by the rebel
authorities 'relative to this subject, and some general informatioii
connected therewith, have been collated and are submitted, a
a The f oUowing stai^ments in regard to the organization of the rebel armies are
based upon data obtained mainly from the *' Archive Bureau of the War Depart-
ment." The data are authentic, and the facts and figures herein given afford
means for interesting and valuable deductions.
* For such of the documents embraced in this Appendix and which are not,
under their respective heads, indicated as being elsewhere printed in this publi-
cation (and are here omitted), see Executive fiocument No. 1, House of Repre-
sentatives, Thirty-ninth Ck>ngre8s, first session. Vol. IV. See also explanatory
foot-note (•) p. 679.
1 Omitted, but see Vol. I, this series, p. 22.
Omitted, but see later revised statements in Vol. I, pp. 801, 775 ; Vol. n, pp.
185, »57 ; Vol. IH, pp. 179, 460. 1 198 ; Vol. IV, pp. 465, lOM, 1288, aU of this senes.
g Omitted; see explanatory foot-note (*), p. 679.
688 COSBE8PONDENCE, ETC.
TUB COMMAND OF THE BEBEL ARMIES.
By the second section of the constitution adopted by the rebel Con-
gress at Montgomery, Ala., the President of the Confederacy was
Commander-in-Chief of the militia of the several States when called
into the actual service of the Confederate States. In his military
capacity as Commander-in-Chief he was authorized by section 4 of the
act approved August 21, 1861, to appoint for his i>ersonal staff two
aides-de-camp, with the rank, pay, and allowance of colonel of
cavalry. By act of April 2, 1862, the number authorized was Increased
to six.
Prior to March, 1862, the President does not seem to have shared
with or delegated to any of his subordinates the duties of Greneral-in-
Chief of his armies.
On the 13th of that month, however, an order was published assign-
ing " General Robert E. Lee to duty at the seat of Government," and
he was charged, " under the direction of the President, with the con-
duct of the military operations in the armies of the Confederacy."
On the 25th of the same month an act was passed providing specially
a staff for a general assigned as above.
On the 24th of February, 1864, an order, as follows, was published,
viz:
General Orders, No. 23.]
General Braxton Bragg is assigned to dnty at the seat of the Government, and,
nnder the direction of the President, is charged with the conduct of military
operations in the armies of the Confederacy.
This superseded General Lee.
On the 6th of February, 1865, an order and a law, as follows, were
published, which continued in force until the downfall of the Confed-
eracy:
General Orders, ) Adjxttant and Inspector General*s Office,
No. 3. ) Richmond, February 6, 1S6S,
I. The following act of Congress is published for the information of the Army:
**AS ACT to proTide for the appuiiitment of a General-in-Cliief of the armies of the Confederate
States.
** Section 1. The Conflpress of the Confederate States of America do enact that
there shiJl be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of
the Senate, an officer who shall be known and designated as * Gkneral-in-Chief ,*
who shall be ranking officer of the Army, and as such shaU have command of
the military forces of the Confederate States.
" Sec. 2. That the act providing a staff for the general who may be assigned to
duty at the seat of Government is hereby repealea, and that the General-in-Chief
who may be appointed nnder the provisions of this act shall have a staff not less
than that now allowed a general in the field, to be assigned by the I^-esident, or
to be appointed by him, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
"Approved January 23, 1805."
II. General Robert E, Lee having been duly appointed G«neral-in-Chief of
the armies of the Confederate States will assume the duties thereof, and will be
obeyed and respected accordingly.
III. General Orders, No. 28, of 1864, is hereby revoked.
By order: S. COOPER,
Adjutant and Inspector Oeneral.
PREPARATIONS FOR WAR MADE BY THE SECEDING STATES PRIOR TO
THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CONFEDERACY.
The different States that undertook to rebel against the authority
of the Federal Government commenced to call out and equip troops
*or the field, under their militia laws, before the organization of the
UNION AUTHOBITIEB. 689
Provisional Confederate Government, as it was termed, on the 8th of
February, 1861. The extent to which this preparation was carried is
indicated by the statements in the following letters relating to Vir-
ginia and South Carolina:
Headquabtkrs Statk op South Carouna,
March 6, 1861.
Maj. Qen. M. L. Bonham,
Commanding Volunteer Forces of South Carolina :
General: The nnmber of companies organized and received under the act of
General Assembly of December 17, 1860. is 104— in the aggregate amonnting to
8,835 rank and file, constitnting ten regiments of ten companies each. The force
is divided into four brigades, constitnting one division.
RespectfoUy, S. R. aiST,
Ad(ftUant and Inspector General of South Carolina.
HEADQUABTERSt Richmotidj June 16, 1861.
His Excellency John Letcher,
QovemoTof Virginia:
Sir: Agreeably to yonr reanest, I submit the statement of the military and
naval preparations for the defense of Virginia from the period of her separation
from uie united States Government to the date of transfer of the military oper-
ations of the State to the Confederate Government. Arrangements were first
made for the establishment of batteries, to prevent the ascent of an enemy by
hostile vessels. As soon as an examination was made for the selection of sites
their construction was begun, and their armament and defense committed to the
Virginia navy.
Preparations were also begun for receiving into the service of the State vol-
unteer companies, and for orsanizing, armins, and equipping them. Mustering
officers were appointed, rendesvous established, and provision made for their
subsistence and snelter. The primarv estimate of the number of troops of all
arms required, based upon the points to be defended, amounted to 51,000 men.
The estimated quota of each portion of the State has been furnished except from
the western section. Arrangements were made for calling out volunteers from
the western section at the same time and in the same manner as from the eastern
section, but as yet it has been feebly responded to.
Complete returns from the troops in tne field have not, and from the nature of
things cannot, for some time, be received; but from the best source of informa-
tion within our reach the number of Virginia troops is about 85,000. This amount
probably falls below the real number, for, referring to the report of the colonel
of ordnance, it will be seen that he has issued 2,054 rifles and carbines and 41,604
muskets, in addition to pistols and sabers to the cavali'y . Thirteen thousand arms
have also been issued from Lexington, and several thousand from the arsenal at
Richmond have been issued to troops from other States; but many of the Vir-
ginia companies, sunposed to be about 5,000 men, were armed and equipped
when received into the service of the State. Should the number of unarmed
companies from other States not differ materially from the number of armed
companies from this State, the number of Virginia troops in the field may be
assumed to be about 40.000. When it is remembered that tnis body of men were
called from a State of profound peace to one of unexpected war, yon wiU have
reason to commend the alacrity with which they left their homes and families
and prepared themselves for the defense of the State.
The assembling the men, however, was not the most difficult operation. Pro-
vision for their instruction, subsistence, equipment, clothing, shelter, and trans-
E^rtation in the field required more time and laix>r. Ammunition of every
nd had to be manufactured; carriages of the guns for river, land, and field
service had to be made, with the necessary implements, caissons, batteries,
wagons, &c.
Guns.
One hundred and fifteen guns for field service have thus been provided, from
which twenty-eight batteries of four guns each have been furnished, with
the reauisite horses, harness, &c 115
For the defense of James River, two batteries and two steamers have been
provided, mounting altogether forty gxroR, ranging in caliber from 82-pound-
ers to 8 and 9 inch colutobiads. Arrangements' are also in process for mount-
ing sixtv guns of different weights on the defenses around Richmond, and
a naval oattery of six Id-pound howitzers is in process of organization — 40
44 R B— SERIES III, VOL V
690 COBBESPOMDBNCEy ETC.
On York Biver three batteries have been constructed, monnting thirty guns
of calibers similar to the guns of James River 30
Sites for batteries on the Potomac have also been selected, and arrangements
were in process for their constmction, bat the entire command of that
river being in the possession of the United States (Government, and larger
forces required for their security than could be devoted to that purpose,
the batteries at Aquia Creek have only been prepared. Twelve guns are
in position there 12
On the Bappahannock River a four-gun battery of 82-pounders and 8-inch
columbiacb has been erected - 4
Six batteries have been erected on the Elizabeth River to guard the approaches
to Norfolk and the navv-yard. They mount eighty-five guns, 83-pounders
and 8 and 9 inch columbiads 85
To i>revent the ascent of the Kansemond River, and the occupation of the
railroad from Norfolk to Richmond, three batteries have been constructed
on that river, which will mount nineteen fipns 19
The frigate United States has been prex>area for a school-ship, with a deck
battery of nineteen guns, 82-pounder8 and 9-inch columbiads, for harbor
defense 19
Total.
The frigate Merrimac has been raised and is in the dry dock, and arrangements
are madefor raising the Gtermantown and Plymouth.
In addition to the batteries described, other works have been constructed for
the land defense, exceeding in many instances the works on the batteries them-
selves. An extensive line of field-works has been erected for the security of
Norfolk on the sides toward the bay. Redoubts for the same purpose have been
constructed at Jamestown Island, Gloucester Point, Yorktown, and across the
neck of land below Williamsburg.
I have confined myself to a general narrative of operations, and for the details
refer you to tibe reports of the several chiefs of staff,
very respectfully, &c.,
R. E. liEE,
GenercU, Commanding.
Thus as early as the months of December, 1860, and January and
February, 1861, the seceding States put themselves in readiness to
answer promptly the first call for troops made upon them by the
so-called Provisional Confederate Government. When organized,
February 8, 1861, that Government found an army awaiting its call.
THE FIRST ACTION OF THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT IN RAISING
AN ARMY.
On the 28th of February, 1861, an act was approved "to raise pro-
visional forces for the Confederate States of America, and for other
purposes." It provided:
That to enable the Government of the Confederate States to maintain its juris-
diction over all questions of peace and war, and to provide for the public defense,
the President be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to assume control of
all military operations in every State, having reference to or connection with
questions between said States, or any of them, and powers foreign to them.
That the President is hereby authorized to receive from the several States the
arms and munitions of war which have been acquired from the United States,
and which are in the forts, arsenals, and navy-yards of the said States, and all
other arms and munitions which they may desire to turn over and make charge-
able to this Government.
That the President be authorized to receive into the service of this (Government
puch forces now in the service of said States as may be tendered, or who may
volunteer, by consent of their State, in such number as he may require, for any
time not less than twelve months, unless sooner discharged.
That such forces may be received, with their officers, by companies, battalions,
or regiments, and when so received shall form a part of the Provisional Army of
the Confederate States, according to the terms of their enlistment; and the Prt'^i-
dent shall appoint, by and uith tde advice and consent of Congress, such general
officer or officers for said forces as may be necessary for the service.
UKION AUTHOBmEB. 691
Thftt said forces, when receiyed into the serrioe of this Gk>yeTnment, shall have
the same pay and allowance as may be provided by law for volunteers entering
the service, or for the Army of the Confederate States, and shall be subject to the
same roles and government.
Approved Febmary 28, 1861.
The arms, Ac.^ referred to in aection 2 of the above act as acquired
from the United States, and the requirement in section 3 that the
troops should not be accepted for a less period than twelve months,
were importa.nt features in the organization of the first rebel armies.
Action was commenced under this law as early as March 9, 1861, as
shown by the following letter:
CONFBDSBATB STATES OF AMBBICA, WaB DBPABTMBNT,
Montgomery, March 9, 18S1,
His Excellency A. B. Hoobe,
Mofnigomery, Ala.:
Sib: Under the act of Congress *' to raise provisional forces for the Confederate
States," a copy of which I had the honor to indose to yon a few days ago, this
Government now needs for immediate service, at Charleston, 8,000 troops; Fort
Palaski, 1,000 troops; Fort Morgan, 1,000 troops; Pensacola, 5,000 troops; Missis-
sippi River, below New Orleans, 700 troops; Texas, 1,000 troops.
1 therefore reqaest that Alabama shall fnmish for Fort Morgan 1,000 and for
Pensacola 1,000 mfantry, the troops to be sent forward to these pointe with as
litUe delay as possible, and on their arrival they will be mnstored into the service
of the Confederate States.
If yon can snpply this requisition immediately without the publication of your
order, it would m better to do so, as it is advisable, as far as nracticable, to keep
our movements concealed from the Qovemment of the Unitea States.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
L. P. WATiKKR,
Secretary of War,
A similar letter was addressed to the Gk)vemor of each of the fol-
lowing States, calling for troops to serve at the points named below:
Mississippi to furnish for Pensacola 1,500 infantry; Florida to
furnish for Pensacola 500 infantry ; Georgia to furnish for Pensa-
cola 1,000 infantry, and for Fort Pulaski 1,000 infantry; Louisiana
to furnish for Pensacola 1,000 infantry, and for the Mississippi River,
below New Orleans, designed to garrison Forts Jackson and Saint
Philip, 700 infantry.
On the 6th of March, 1861, ''An act to provide for the public
defense" was approved, authorizing the President to employ the
militia, military, and naval forces of the Confederate States of
America, and to ask for and accept the services of any number of
volunteers, not exceeding 100,000, Ac.
Additional calls for troops, dated April 8 and April 16, 1861, were
made under this act, as shown by the following letters:
CONFBDERATB STATES OF AKSBICA, WaR DKPABTMENT,
Montgomery, AprU 8, 1861,
His Excellency F. W. Pickens,
Charleston, 8. C:
Sib: The discontinuance by the United States of negotiations with the commis-
sioners representing this Gk>yemment, of which doubtless you have before this
heen made aware, leaves no doubt as to the policy we should pursue. A large
force wiU prohably, and if at all, almost immediately, he needed to resist the
coercive measures of the Washin^n Administration.
To meet this condition of affairs this Department, acting with reference to
the ^wer vested in the Executive by the act of the Congress entitled " An act to
provide for the public defense," suggests to Your Excellency the necessity of
calling at once for 8,000 volunteers, to be drilled, equipped, and held in instant
readiness to meet any requisition from this Department.
These troops will, of course, not be receiving pay until they shall be mustered
into service, but the emergency is so pressing that Your Excellency will fully
692 CORBESPONDENOE, ETC.
aiypredate the great importanoe of thorough preparation, especially in renrd to
instant capacity to move. A similar request iias been addrased to the Sxecn-
tive of eacn of the Ck>nf ederate States. Asking an early reply to the suggestions
above made,
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
L. P. WALKER.
A similar letter was addressed to the Governor of each of the fol-
lowing States, calling for the number of volunteer troops appended:
Florida, 1,500; Georgia, 3,000; Louisiana, 3,000; Texas, 3,000; Ala-
bama, 3,000; Mississippi, 3,000.
Confederate States of Ambrica, War Department,
Montgomery^ April 16, 1861.
His Excellency the Governor of Florida,
TdUahasaee, Fla.:
In addition to the 1,500 troops for which I had the honor, under date of the 8th
instant, to make a conditional call upon the State of Florida, I now beg leave to
request Tour Excellency to hold in readiness for instant movement 2,000 voltm-
teer troops, armed and equipped, or as nearly so as practicable, and subject in all
respects to requisitions from this Department as the troops called for in my letter
of the 8th instant. This call is predsely similar, except as to number, and in
addition to that of the 1,500.
The importance of holding the entire force now and previously called for in
absolute readiness Your Excellency will fully appreciate, in view of the hostile
purpose of the Washington Government, as mdicated in the recent procla-
mation of the President of the United States, which has just reached this
Department, and which, in the opinion of this €k>vemment, makes this additional
caU necessary.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
L. P. WALKER.
A similar letter was addressed to the Gk>yemor of each of the fol-
lowing States, calling for additional volunteer troops, as follows:
Georgia, 5,000; Louisiana, 5,000; Mississippi, 5,000; South Carolina,
5,000; Texas, 5,000; Alabama, 5,000.
So far as appears by the foregoing letters, the Confederate Govern-
ment had called into its military service 36,900 men before the attack
on Fort Sumter, April 12, 1861, and on the 16th of April, immediately
after the surrender of that post, this number was increased by 32,000.
Besides the militia and volunteers placed at the disposal of the
rebel leaders by the foregoing acts of their Congress, an act was
approved on the 6th day of March establishing the Regular Anny of
the Confederate States of America, which was to be composed of one
corps of engineers, one corps of artillerj% six regiments of infantry,
one regiment of cavalry, and the staff departments already estab-
lished by law. Subsequent acts authorized a zouave regiment and
light artillery. The rules governing the recruitment of this force
were taken verbatim from the Regulations for the Army of the United
States, edition of 1857. To what extent this Regular Army was
recruited does not appear.
On the 8th of May, 1861, an act to raise additional forces to serve
during the war was approved, empowering the President, in addition
to* the volunteer force already authorized, to accept the services of
volunteers who might offer themselves without regard to the place of
enlistment, either as cavalry, mounted riflemen, artillery, or infantry,
in such proportion of these several arms as he might deem expedient,
to serve for and during the war unless sooner discharged, and to
accept the volunteers so offering in companies, to be oiiganized by him
into squadrons, battalions, or regiments, and to appoint all field and
staff officers, except the company officers, who were to be elected by
the men composing the company; and if accepted, the officers so
elected should be commissioned by tlie President.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 693
The act of February 28 gave to the President authority only to
receive into his service such forces then in the service of the States
as might be tendered, or as might volunteer by consent of their
States. The next act, of March 6, removed these two restrictions and
authorized the President to employ the militia, military, and naval
forces of the Confederate States of America, and to ask for and
accept the services of any number of volunteers not exceeding
100,000, <fec. The act of May 6 removed the limitation as to numbers
and gave to the President the power to appoint the field and staff offi-
cers for the organizations accepted under it. By the act of May 11 the
President was relieved of the delay of a formal call, was authorized
to prescribe the term of service for which the volunteers offering
under the act should be accepted, and was empowered to commission
all officers entitled to commissions.
By the act approved May 11, 1861, the President was authorized to
receive into service such companies, battalions, or regiments, either
mounted or on foot, as might tender themselves, and he might require,
without the delay of a formal call upon the respective States, to serve
for such time as he prescribed, and '^ to commission all officers entitled
to commissions of such volunteer forces as may be received under
the provisions of this act," Ac.
These acts and the subsequent legislation on recruitment, to be
found in full in Appendix to this rei)ort, give evidence of the imme-
diate decline of the regard for State rights after the organization of
the Confederacy, and establish the fact that the rebel leaders recog-
nized the necessity of cogent military legislation sooner than the
loyal people.
PrioT to December 11, 1861, there was no law to enlist men in the
Provisional Army of the Confederate States for a longer period than
twelve months. On that date an act was approved providing for
converting the troops then in service into three-years' troops, and the
enlistment for that period of all troops thereafter. A bounty of $50
was allowed by this act to all soldiers enlisting or re-enlisting in
accordance with it.
For the purpose of filling up with three-years' recruits the com-
panies then in service, the rebel authorities sent recruiting parties
from the different regiments and companies to tl\e neighborhoods
where their commands were raised to procure volunteers. These
efforts do not seem to have met with success. On the 23d of Janiiary,
1862, and on the 29th of Januaiy, 1862, acts were approved, the first
of which required regular contingents of troops fro^ the different
States, while the second indicated that State drafts were necessary to
obtain them.
With the exception of an act approved April 21, 1862, to organize
bands of ''partisan rangers," no important legislation was had for
recruiting the rebel armies by volunteers sul^quent to that last
referred to.
CONSCRIPTION RESORTED TO BY THE REBELS.
On the 16th of April, 1862, an act of the rebel Congress was
approved to ** further provide for the public defense," the preamble
to which recites **the exigencies of the country and the absolute
necessity of keeping in the service our gallant Army, and of placing
in the field a large additional force to meet the advancing columns of
the enemy invading our soil." This act established conscription. It
authorized the President "to call and place in the military service,
694 COBBESPONDEKOE, ETC.
for three years, nnless the war shall have sooner ended, all white
men who are residents of the Confederate States, between the ages ^
eighteen and thirty-live years at the time the call or calls may be
made, who are not legaUy exempt from military service;" and it
farther required that ''all of the persons aforesaid who are now in
the armies of the Confederacy, and whose term of service will expire
before the end of the war, shall be continued in service for three
years from the date of their original enlistment," Ac. The ninth
section of this act provided, ''That persons not liable for military
duty may be received as substitutes for those who are, under sud^
regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of War."
The method of enrolling and collecting the militaiy force under
this act was prescribed in orders from time to time. It was strict
from the beginning, and became more summary under subsequent
acts as the war progressed. The earlier orders did not require or
authorize the enrollment of the persons entitled to exemption bylaw,
but trial seems to have proved the inexpediency of this mode of pro-
cedure, and subsequent orders required enrollment of all, and left
the question of exemption to be considered only after enrollment.
EXEMPTIONS.
No exemptions were allowed in the act above referred to. On the
21st of April, 1862, however, an act was passed exempting various
classes of persons. This was subsequently repealed by act of Octo-
ber 11, 1862, which greatly enlarged the list of exempts, permitting,
among other things, the exemption of one man as agent or overseer
on a plantation of twenty negroes, and an additional man for every
twenty negroes on two or more plantations within five miles of each
other, Ac. In addition to the enumerated exemptions "the Presi-
dent" was authorized to exempt such as he thought proper, on the
ground of justice, equity, or necessity.
On the Ist of May a further extension of the privileges of exemption
was made to owners of plantations, but was coupled with the con-
dition that for every person so exempted and during the period of such
exemption the owners should pay into the Treasury $500 per annum.
On the 17th of February, 1864, all laws granting exemptions were
repealed and a new list was enacted which reduced the number of
exempted classes, but introduced the system of "details," as it was
termed, by granting power to the " Secretary of War, under the direc-
tion of the Prenident, to exempt or detail such other persons as he may
be satisfied ought to be exempted on account of public necessity," ^bc.
Exemption was granted by this act to one man on each plantation
having over fifteen able-bodied field hands between sixteen and fifty
years of age, on condition that the exempt should, within twelve
months, under a security and penalty to be fixed by the Secretary of
War, deliver to the Gk)vernment 200 i)ounds of meat for each slave on
the planta^iion between the specified ages.
Camps of instruction were established in the different States for the
persons enrolled for military service and placed under the command
of officers specially appointed for that purpose. The enrolled men
were first required to assemble at a designated place in their respec-
tive counties, parishes, i&c., where they were subjected to a mental and
physical examination by surgeons detailed by "the President" for
that duty. If found fit for military duty they were sent to the camps
of instruction.
UHION AUTHORITIES. 695
On the 27th of September, 1862, this conscpiption act was amended
by an act authorizing "the President" to call out "white men who
are residents of the Confederate States, between the ages of thirty-flve
and forty-five," ^c, thus making the limit of age eighteen and forty-
five years.
Notwithstanding the sweeping rigor of the conscription created by
these laws, its results do not seem to have been satisfactory to the
rebel leader of the Army of Northern Virginia, as appears from the
following letter:
HSADgUAKTBRS ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA,
Febmary 11, 1863,
Hon. James A. Seddon,
Secretary of War:
Sir: I think it very important to increase the strength of all onr armies to the
maximnm by the opening of the next campaign. Details of officers and men
have been sent from all the brigades of this army to collect deserters and absen-
tees. By the retnm of last month, forwarded to the Department to-day, yon will
perceive that our strencrth is not much increased by the arrival of conscripts.
Only 421 are reported to nave joined by enlistment, and 287 to have returned from
desertion, making an aggregate of 708, whereas our loss by death, discharges, and
desertions amoxmts to 1,878. Now is the time to gather all our stren«rta and to
prepare for the struggle which must takejplace in the next three monuis. I beg
you to use every means in your power to fill up our ranks.
I have the honor to be, with great respect, your obedient servant,
R. £!. LEiB,
Qeneral,
On the 28th of December, 1863, an act was approved prohibiting
substitution.
On the 5th of January, 1864, an act was approved canceling the
exemptions previously granted to persons liable to duty who had fur-
nished substitutes.
On the 17th of February, 1864, an act was approved declaring "that
from and after the passage of this act all white men residents of the
Confederate States between the ages of seventeen and fifty shall be in
the military service of the Confederate States for the war."
NO DRAFTING UNDER REBEL CONSCRIPTION.
It will be observed that under the mode of conscription adopted by
the relwls no drafting was necessary. All were declai-ed by the law
to be in the military service and were required to enroll themselves
accordingly (excepting those entitled to exemption), and the duties of
the Conscript Bureau were therefore greatly simplified. Neverthe-
less, great dif&culties were still encountered, as shown by the following
report of the chief of the rebel Bureau of Conscription, which also
gives interesting information as to the state of the military resources
of the rebels at the time the report was made:
Bureau of Conscription,
Richmond^ April SO, 1864>
Hon. James A. Seddon,
Secretary of War:
Sir: I have the honor to submit my report concerning the operations of the con-
scription service from tlie Ist of January to the Ist of April, 1864. This report
indicates but a very meager portion of the work which has been performed. The
results are the scanty gleaning from an almost unlimited and nearly exhausted
field of labor, every inch of which has to be searched, analyzed, and classified in
every relation to the great problem of recruiting and maintaining the armies.
No attribute which pertains to society or civil economy but has been subjected
to the scrutiny and action of this Bureau and its agencies. With the incomiMtent
696 COBBESPOKDENCEy ETC.
means iindar its control all has been done which conld be effected by xeal and dil-
igence. The results indicate this grave consideration for the Government, that
fresh material for the armies can no longer be estimated as an element of future
calculation for their increase, and that necessity demands the invention of devices
for keeping in the ranks the men now borne on the rolls. The stem revocation d
all details, an appeal to the patriotism of the States claiming large nnmben of
able-bodied men, and the accretions by age, are now ahnost the onlj nnezhansted
sources of supply. For conscription from the general population, the functions
of this Burean may cease with the termination of the year 1864.
Papers A, B, C, andD are the reports of the officers of this Bureau relative to
matters with which they are respectively charged and exhibiting statements and
views which I deem worthyof your consideration.
Papers E, F, G, H, I, J, &, L, M, and N, hereto attached, exhibit the various
operations of the conscript service in the diverse functions allotted to it. From
these, however, are excluded an immense mass of work which it is not deemed
necessary to r^^rt, because it is of a character not demanding record in this
Burean. The returns furnished are unavoidably incomplete, and I respectfully
refer to the latter portion of this report for the explanation.
Papers O and P will exhibit very valuable reports from Colonel Blake, the reg-
ister of this Burean, in regard to the military capabilities of G^rgia and Virginia.
Within a few days I exmct to receive from the same intelligent and zealous
officer similar reports on North Carolina, Sonth Carolina, and Alabama.
Paper Q is a list of the enrolling officers whose commissions have been vacated.
The case is fully stated below. These various exhibits show that mnch good
work has been done, althongh the numbers recorded in this Burean do not mani-
fest a large increase to the Armv. A rigid and universal inspection, not only of
company rolls, but personal ana also pay rolls, will prove that more men have
been received into the service irre^r^ilarly since the 1st of January than have gone
through the conscription authorities.
The results of conscription since the Ist of January have not been equal to the
anticipations of the country, and, perhajM, not quite up to the calculations of this
Bureau.
I. The act of Consress entitled ** An act to put an end to the exenmtioii from
military service of those who have heretofore furnished substitutes,*^ approved
Januarv 5, 1864, has not furnished the number of men which it was supposed
would be brought into the service by that law. It has been found that a number
of persons having substitutes come within the classes exempted by the act of
February 17, 1864, and other lar^ numbers belongto those classes who are the
subjects of detail for the industrial productions. Wealthy farmers, enterpxising
manufacturers, and mechanics were the persons chiefly furnishing substitutes.
Besides these many patriotic persons of feeble health, but within the conditions
of the regulations, sent in substitutes, and on being enrolled have been detailed for
service out of the field. The Bureau, under your instructions, has been very
cautious in allowing such details. I reKret to state that there seems to have been
a general effort to keep principals of suostitutes out of the Army.
It is proper to add that the calculation of enrolling officers is, that a lari^
number of this class have gone into the Army without reporting to the enrolhng
officers than have been passed b;^ them through the camps. The result of tiie law,
therefore, has been better than is exhibited by the records of this Bureau.
n. It has been found exceedingly difficult to interpret the *' Act to organise
forces to serve during the war,'* so as to adapt its provisions to just adminis-
tration under the agencies provided for conscription. The purpose of the law
seems to be that while all men are made liable to military service the isrod^^^ti^®
industry must be maintained as necessarv to the public defense. Under the
classes of exemption there are but a limited number engaged in production. Of
persons *' owning fifteen able-bodied hands** a very smul minority produce more
than they consume, rarely having a surplus of grain or meat to sell, and a large
majority of such persons oetween the ages of seventeen and fifty are already m
the service. The surplus producers, those on whom the country and the Army
must depend for supplies, are the classes having much less than ** fifteen hands,
and down to single laborers on farms. As numerous as this class is, it has already
been drained of men to a point which requires great caution in making further
abstractions. My opinion is that the affriculture of the country cannot safely
spare more than a very small additional draft. I am not sure that the public
defense would not be strengthened instead of weakened by adding to the labor
thus employed.
in. In manufactures and mechanical arts the like necessity seemed to exist
Perhaps no civilized country was ever so barren of manufactures and mechanical
arts as the States of the Confederacy at the beginning of the war; and certainly
UNION AUTHORITIES. 697
no ooTintry since the blockade was established has needed them more. No one
article of clothing or mechanical production was snpplied within these States, so
that, nnder the blockade, it has become an absolute necessity, even for the
meager supply now existing, that every manufacturer and mechanic should be
kept to his art. As the stock which existed at the beginning of the war approaches
absolute e^diaustion this necessity of course increases. lYudence reouires great
caution in further diminishing this class. The Armv and the people must be
fed and clothed, and the mumtions of war must be lumished, and the persons
engaged in thesepurposes are already too few for the ends. It is in the class of non-
producers tiiat the enrolling officer must chiefly look for his recruits to the Army,
and it is in determining who these non-producers are that the conscript authorities
are engaged in hourl v contest with every authority, every prejudice, every interest,
and every fear which exists in the Confederacy. Governors and judges demand
some local convenience; others, pecuniary or other interests, and the needs of
every occupation are magnified into public necessities. Towns and cities demand
able-bodiea men for police; banks and brokers, for clerks; charitable institutions,
for wardens; public functionaries, for subalterns, and all on the plea that such
are necessary for the public good. There is one universal effort to keep men
from the field. Since 1 took charge of this Bureau no authority, association, or
individual has offered one man to the military service. Against all this the con-
scription authorities are daily contending. The results evince that the officers
have been doing their duty.
TV. I regret that I am compelled to report that in no department of Government
has t^e law been rigidly complied with m the matter of details. The plea of pub-
lic necessity has been so strenuously urged and so distinctly proved that connnu-
ations have been allowed beyond the contemplation of law. t respectfully recom-
mend that as soon as the reserves are organized the law be rigidly enforced.
V. The functions of conscription are now narrowed down to a system of delicate
gleaning from the population of the country, involving the most laborious, patient,
cautious, and intelligent investigation into the relations of ever^ man to the pub-
lic defense. There are but few left whose appropriate duties in those relations
have not been defined, and it thence becomes the province of the conscription agents
to weigh and determine whether those relations may not be disturbed for the
purpose of sending more men into the field and distributing them for the general
service.
The efficiency of the Bureau in these investigations has been seriously impaired
by the failure to retain in office about seventy officers, selected by you for their
peculiar fitness for and accurate training in those duties.
These officers (paper <^) were selected by you with great care and accurate
discrimination and appointed or assigned to enroUins service. With few excep-
tions, all other officers m that service were assigned oy accident or by reason of
unfitness for other duties; and from this cause, when I came to the Bureau, I
found the service confused and lan^d, and the administration of the conscript
laws necessarily unsatisfactory. Chiefly by the ssealous and intelligent aid of these
seventy officers thus selected, the system was or^^anized and the administration
became fruitful, not onl^ in men for the field, but in managing the external police
of the armies, and also m furnishing a large amount of information on which to
base the military policy of the country. These officers were the chiefs who con-
trolled, informed, and energized the ungenial agencies filtered into the conscript
from the debris of the general service. They were the practiced and trained sm-
diers and judges on whom I relied to sustain me in my hard dutv of v^nging
from the wasted population the scanty remnant of men, and at the same time
to preserve, as far as our military need would permit, the enfeebled productive
energies of the country. These officers have been discharged by the o];>eratlon of
a law which does not provide adeauate compensation to the public service.
In the States of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina these officers
were the principal agents of conscription, and in these States conscription has
been eminently successful. In Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida the
officers were altogether casual, and from these States came all the complaints of
the evils and failures of conscription.
The Invalid Corps bill has furnished no substitutes for these officers, and I have
no authority to asx or receive officers from any other source except such as may
be sent by the casualties of the field, or on declarations of incompetence. I can-
not too s&ongly express my dismay at the almost certain prospect of the utter
failure of the conscription service during the coming vital campaign if it is made
dependent on the accidental officers who are fitfully and irre^larly assigned to its
duties. On the 1st day of April no branch of the public service was working witli
more order and efficiency than that under the control of this Bureau. All obstacles
and impediments— and they were of the gravest character— were yielding to the
698 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
intelligence, the indomitable sseal and devotion of the officers. On the Ist day of
May over a large portion of the Confederacy the service will be paralyzed. Leav-
ing ont the plea of harsh and cruel dealing with these officers, alar^ majority of
whom are disabled by wonnds and disease, and have resigned higher to take
inferior commissions, I regard this statement I have made as sufficient warrant
for me to suggest a recommendation that Con^ss make some provision for rein-
stating these officers in the enrolling service with their proper commissions.
VI. Another grave interruption nas come, of the occasional but too frequent
assignment of officers commanding in the field, to the duty of conscription and
recruiting in particular localities. In every instance this has tmduly disturbed
the production of the country — ^has violated legal rights— has failed to send men
into the field— and has been unjust to the general service. In no instance has
an officer commanding in the field, charged with local conscription, sent a con-
script out of his department. The assumption by local authorities to determine
liability to service has uniformly been detrimental, keeping unnecessarily many
from the field and impeding and delaying the conscript officers in sendin^^ others.
Vn. In my report of December 5, 1863, 1 estimated that nearly one-third more
men went into the field directly under the compulsion of the law than passed
through the camps of instruction. My belief is that the proportion has been
increased since the passage of the acts of 5th of January and 1 Ttn of February — ^that
is, that the conscript rolls and assignments will not exhibit one-half the number
of men who have gone into the service since the 5th of January. Proper returns
to the Adjutfmt and Inspector GeneraVs Office should make an accurate exhibit
of these accretions. Oeneral orders have been inoperative to prevent this mode of
direct volunteering; and reouisitions for the men by enrollm^ officers and tiiis
Bureau have been unheedea. The abuse exists in every mihtary department.
Your attention is respectfully and earnestly invited to this matter, and a rigid
inspection of company rolls is recommended.
Yin. The applications for details in the various departments of the Qovemment
and in other pursuits have increased and are daily increasing. The allegation of
Sublic necessity is generally set forih, and it is very diffictut for this Bureau to
etermine. I have endeavored to limit such details as rigidly as possible, but
have not succeeded to the extent which it appears to me the public service
demands. My opinion is that all proper labor, except of mechanical experts and
agriculturists, can, by due effort, be furnished from the exempt classes, the
I^serves, the Light-duty Conscripts, and the Invalid Corps, and tnat there is no
absolute necessity, at tnis time, for one detail in ten of the able-bodied men
between eighteen and forty-five. I believe stem adherence to a rule embracing
this conclusion would not diminish the vigor of the productive industry to any
appreciable extent.
The exceptions are very rare which involve a permanent necessity of depart-
ing from the provisions of sections 8 and 9 of the act of February 17, 1864. At
present there is not one department of the Qovemment or one enterprise in the
country which is not clamoring for such departure. The various Dureaus of
(Government ask over 12,000 able-bodied men. The railroads ask at least one
brigade beyond the allowance of exempts. The express comx>aiiiee demand nearly
a regiment, and State authorities fully 10,000. Wherever a contract is made with
the Government in which a lara^e profit is provided, the Government is imme-
diately called upon to do the work for which it pays. Thus a railroad, an express,
telegraph, or manufacturing company contracts with the Gk)vemment ana lays
its profits; it then asks the Government to detail from the Army or abstain from
the military use of all the labor necessary to fulfill the contract. The evil is an
enormous one. The authority of this Bureau is not competent to the remedy.
IX. In many localities it has been found expedient Jndeed necessary, to suspend
wholly or partially the operations of conscription. This has been done in locali-
ties between the lines of our armies and those of the enemy — so far as the reserve
classes are concerned — for the obvious reason of preventing those classes from
becoming prisoners of war, and it has been extended to all classes within the
enemy's lines from the impossibility of the enrolling officers operating. In the
First Congressional District of North Carolina the whole matter has been turned
over to the Governor of that State, the men to be used for State defense.
X. Frequent complaints are made of the inefficiency and corruption of the
enrolling officers. Such complaints are made against the generals in the field
and all the departments of the Gk)vemment. In the case of enrolling officers
they are sometimes well founded, and active efforts are made to remedy the evils.
In general, however, these complaints are the results of ignorance, or the baffled
endeavor to escape the service, or of malice, because the duty of the officers of
conscription requires them to exempt certain persons for sufficient legal reasons.
I can congratuliate you on the assurance that the chief officers in the enrolling
UNIOK AXTTHOBITIES. 699
aeirice diBcluirge their dntieB with as much zeal, intelligence, and efficiency as
any officers in ^e Gk>yemment. There mav be defects in the administration of
the conscript laws and dereliction among tne officers, but I have no hesitation in
asserting that the oonntry and the Gtovemment has jost reason to be satisfied both
witii the system and the officers. As to the officers of this Borean immediately
nnder mj eye, 1 have, withont nndne assnmption, great pride in testifyinjg^ to their
seal, their apt intelligence, their nntiring industry and absorbing devotion in the
public service.
In view of the important and delicate service yon have confided to my admin-
istration, I cannot refrain from the expression of my grateful acknowledgment to
you and to the eminent public servant who acts as vour assistant for the patient
and courteous consideration you have given to all my applications, and lor the
enlightened, judicious, and prompt instructions by which you have authorized and
enabled me to execute your orders. Of the nature, the extent, the intricacy, and
the delicacy of the duties to be ]^rf ormed by the conscription authorities, ^ou
have, and what is extremely rare in the countSry, a full and clear comprehension,
and in their performance yofa have generously pezmitted me to avail myself habitu-
ally of your direct and minute counsels.
JOHN S. PRESTON,
Colonel and Superintendent,
The results of the operations of the Recruiting or Conscript Bureau
of the rebels, between April, 1862, when it was created, and February,
1865, are given in detail in the following report:
House of REPiUESBNTATrvBS,
Fetnmary «, J8G5,
Laid on the table and ordered to be printed.
By the Chair—
MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT.
Richmond, Va., February fl, 1866.
The House of REPEESENTATivas:
In response to your resolution of the 90th ultimo I herewith transmit for your
information a communication from the Secretary of War relative to the acces-
sions to the Army from each State since April 16, 1862; to the number of persons
liable to conscription who have been exempted or detailed, and to the number of
those between the ages of eighteen and forty-five, and not unfitted for active
service in the field^ who are employed in the several States in the manner indi-
cated in yonr inquiry.
JEFFERSON DAVIS.
COMMUNICATION FROM THE SECRETARY OF WAR.
Ck)NFEDERATB STATES OP AMERICA, WaR DEPARTMENT,
Richmond f Fa., February go, 18G5,
The President of the Confederate States:
Sir: I have received the following resolution of the House of Representatives,
adopted on the SOth ultimo, and referred by Your Excellency to this Department
for attention:
**i2eso/ved. That the President \^ respectfullv requested to communicate to this
House: First, the number of soldiers from each State added to the military serv-
ice bv enrollment, volunteering, or otherwise since the enactment of the act of
April 16, 1868, commonly known as the * conscript act;' second, the number of
those within the conscript aoe exempt or detailed, discriminating as to the classes
of each in each State; thira, the number of those within the ages of eighteen
and f orty-five years not disabled or unfit for active service in the field who are
employed in the respective States in executing the law of conscription, or in con-
nection with x>ost commissaries and post quartermasters, or otherwise, in deroga-
tion of existing laws." ^
In response 1 have the honor to transmit herewith a report from the superin-
tendent of conscription containing the information called for by the House.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JOHN C. BRECKINRIDGE,
Secretary of War,
700 GORBESPONDENCE, ETC.
BXFOBT OF THB SUPBBINTKNDKNT OF BUBBAU OF OONSCBZFTION.
Ck>NFEDEaATE StATBS OF AMERICA,
War Dbpartmknt. Bureau of Conscription,
Richmond, Va., Febmary — , 1S6S,
Hon. J. C. BBBOKINRIDaE,
Secretary of War:
Sm: I have the honor to invite yonr attention to the papers herewith inclosed,
respectively marked A, B, C, D, £, F, G, H, I, K, and L, in response to a call for
information of the 80th ultimo by the House of Repreeentatiyes of the Confeder-
ate States, by the following resolntion, which was referred by yon to this Borean,
with instmcuons to fomisn the information required.*
The paper marked A shows the number of persons enrolled and assigned to the
Army since the passage of the act of Congress approved April 16, 1802.
B gives an approximate estimate of the number who have volunteered since the
passage of saia act. These persons, for the most part, regarded it as disffracefnl
to be conscribed, and went oirectly to the Army, avoiding enrollment ana assign-
ment from the camp of instruction. There is, therefore, no record of than at the
camps and no means of making an estimate. Though called ** volunteers," their
joimng the service was compulsory, and should be accredited to the energv
exhibited in the enforcement of conscription. This estimate is regarded as much
too small.
C exhibits the number of persons ascertained by the Medical Board to be inca-
pable of performing service m the field, who have been assigned under the eighth
section of the act oi Congress approved February 17, 1864, to the various branches
of service for which they were recommended by said Board.
D exhibits the number of persons exempted of the several classes of exempts
enumerated in the said act ox Consress.
E exhibits the number of agricultural details.
F exhibits the number of details allowed for reasons of public necessity.
G exhibits the number of details allowed the several bureaus and departments
of service upon the certificates of the chiefs or heads thereof that the persons
applied for were indispensable to the public service, exclusive of the d^ails of
contractors, artisans, mechanics, &c., for Government service.
H exhibits the details of contractors with the Government to furnish supplies:
also allowed upon certificates of heads of departments that the persons applied
for were indispensable.
I exhibits the number of details of artisans, mechanics, &c. These are also
allowed upon certificates of the chiefs or heads of departments that the ^rsons
applied for are experts, skilled, and indispensable to the public service, in con-
formity with General Orders, No. 77, Adjutant and Inspector General's Office,
of 1864.
K exhibits the number of deserters returned to the Arm^ by the a^;encies of
conscription. This statement is not called for by the resolution, but it is deemed
important for the information of Congress.
L is a recapitulation of the several statements furnished.
The records of the Bureau do not show that any persons between the ages of
eighteen and fort^-five years, capable of service in tne field, are employed in the
business of conscription except officers whose commands have been consoUdated,
and have, therefore, no appropriate service in the field, and the drill-masters
assigned to the bujEdness of conscription. Conscripts employed as enrolhng
officers are takem. tram the list of those unfit for field service.
This Bureau has no means of showing the number of persons between eighteen
and forty-five years of age, capable of field service, who are in the employment of
post quartermasters or post commissaries. It is not informed, and it is not usoallv
stated, where the commissaries or quartermasters applying for details are stationed.
The details under existing orders can only be granted upon the certificate of the
Quartermaster and Commissary Generals that uie persons applied for are experts
and indispensable to the public service, and the place or post of employment is
not regaraed as an element of the necessity which demands the detail. Hence
the Bureau institutes no inquiry upon the point.
In order to render the report as accurate as the imperfect agencies allowed to
the enrolling service will aomit, it has been delaved till the present time to obtain
the latest information from the commandants of the various States, furnished by
their monthly consolidated returns.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JNO. S. PRESTON,
BrtQadier-Oeneral and Superintendent.
* Resolution (here omitted) embodied in next, ante.
UVION AUTHORITIES.
701
A.— Miin5er of eonmsHpU enrolled and auigned to the Army from oampa of
tfuirueticn tinee the act of Congrem, April 16^ 18&t.
Viiginia 18,088
North Caroliiui 21,848
South Carolina 9,120
Georgia 8,098
Alabama, ezcliuiTe of the operationa of Qeaenl Pillow 14,875
MiBHifwippi, excltisiye of the operations of G^eral Pillow 8,061
Florida, suspended and nnder General Cobb till Jannary, 1868 862
East Louisiana, from September report, commenced in August, 1864 81
East Tennessee 5,220
Total 81,998
B.— Approximate estimate of men tbho have Joined the Army nnoe Aprils lS6i^
without passing through camps of instruction,
Virginia 15,000
North Carolina 8,000
South Carolina 6,800
Georgia 26,400
Alabama 10,060
IfissisBippi 8,082
Florida 2,000
East Louisiana .. 500
East Tennessee 600
Total 72,292
This is merely an approximate estimate, and the exact number can only be
obtained from the Adjutant and Inspector General's Office. This number is
regarded as being too small.
C. — Assignments under section 8 of the act of Congress of February 17, J864.
Oooacriptton Mrrioe
QoartamiMtar'a Depftrtment . .
ComniiMarr DepftrtmeDt
Orduanca DepttTtment
Bngiaeer Departnieiit
Kavj Department
PoevOfBoe Depertment
Hodloia DepertmeDt
TnMQrj DepertmeDt
loiter and Mining Department.
Provoet guard
Poatgovd
Camp guard
Hoapital gnaid
Bridge gnard
Simiuir gnard
i
a
I
725
1&4
56
B
6
25
978
74
8
100 I
44
2
83
884
88
18
7
1
52
2
43
48
20
7
73
271 I 11
Tol;.I 2,790
I
718
188
94
18
0
10
4
84
14
8
108
222
73
88
1,128
187
150
85
75
7
8
188
8
58
144
271
100
48
0
8
87
189
40
1.046
164
254
12
1
31
1
1
126
17
7
2 I
865
l.OH
91
61
681
818
854
7,788
702
CORRBSPONDENCE, ETC.
•PHOI
! S :
S :
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S ::: I
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ij
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8
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S
•x»roq««jprK>i»^»ia
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i S§8 §
E 8SS
i
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43 and 60
Total
18 and 45
17 and 18
45 and 60
Total
18 and 45
17 and 18
46 and 60
18 and 46
Hand 18
45 and 60
Total
i
^
1
j
i
1
UNION ▲OTHORITIKS.
703
{ s §■
^S 1 s
i« § i
ii S
3
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704
COBBESPOHDENGEy ETC.
E.—AgricuUurdl detaOs.
BUte.
Ag..
I
i
9
o
i
i
•a
1
J
1
^
Virginia
18aod45
8
10
1
29
53
1
81
9
201
147
17 and 18
10
45 and 60
3
448
Total
«
40
288
291
102
8
68
6K
18 and 45
Knrth rurvUna. . , .
7
40
v.y.'.'.'.'.
149
17 and 18
3
46 and 50
1
8
77
Total
8
48
173 1
)S9
18 and 46
South Caiolina . . .
12
14
1
23
18
1
90
8
5
«8
ft
a'
55
17 and 18
7
45 and 60
17
234
Total
39
37
116
»i
»
296
18 and 45
Q«orgto
312
7
M
157
8
106
218
1
224
93
10
196
56
10
59
836
17 and 18
31
45 and 50...
Total
6«S
418
966
443
258
125
1,9W
18 and 45
i^i»ilMunft ..T,
8
6
14
14
37
17 and 18
45 and 50
1
1
Total
4
8
14
14
88
18and45
M4a«fMlnvk1
8
8
9
15
17 and 18
45and50
6
5
Total
3
8
14
20
18 and 45
___— ^
Florid*
2
2
17 and 18
45 and 50
5
2
7
2
18
Total
6
2
9
2
18
18 and 45
1
1
3
Total
1
1
2
Grand total
2,717
KOTB.— Since Oeneral Orders, No. 77, Adjutant and Inspector Goneral's Office, only x
"Ugbt duty" have been detailed as agriculturists.
I found ftr
•w»x
UmOK AUTHOBITIBS.
706
S39
'iimdowo Mudzs IS;::
9inS}viii
•82
'U03|«Qi ao9«^
•s9q'Kiif99qM
•oomXxio^
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•U9aa«x
••miivindoqs
^
^
I
I
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'n(ioii MO
'^nonqjudop 99\\o^
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•«}iio«in{mn«9M 8af|ai4j
••9|jpaiioj
*M|JO|ovjiiinni aoxi
••in« J»d«i
-«»|2O|0«j looii pa* n<n900
-wfindaioo iiofi«<|A«x
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•wfimdiiioo pvaxii«3{
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46 B Rr— SBBESS lU, VOL V
706
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
•pnoi
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52
IT
8 a
ii 1 i
11 1
5!8 S
11
i
'
•
4
1
1
UNION AUTHOBITIBB.
707
Q.— Details for Oovemmeni service, bureaus and departments (not including conr
tractors or artisans, mechanics, dbc).
Stota.
ClMS.
&
Hi
TirglBla.
SoathCaroUa*.
Georgia.
AUmbui.
M iMiatippl .
Florid*..
18Rnd45..
17 and 18.
45 and 00..
Total.
8
14
197
135
5
256
86 1,U8
8
801 68
41
700
18niid45.
17 and 18..
46 and 50..
ToUl.
214
l48
'ioo
885
308
18 and 45...
17 and 18...
45 and SO...
Total.
18 and 45..
17 and 18..
45 and 50..
103
**40
IM
2
242
Total.
18 and 45..
17 and 18..
45 and 50..
Total.
18 and 46.
17 and 18.
45 and 50..
Total.
63
18
Total
Onnd total
18
le
206
12
40 I 32
7 I 15
'i'l::::
8| 5
'21:::;
166 1.104
86
4
2.421
827
6
69
8 I 15
161
2
80
202
82
31
51
208
""4
5 I 5
li iUl
,... 2
4 7|
40
1 I 658
27
"5',
17 I 52 I
12
10
176
8
6
17 I 10 , 184
795
16
205
1.016
206
3
9
218
2
....
220
"55
275
102
1
19
4,612
KoTB.— ThoM in the cooacriptlon senrice bave been found flt only for light dnty. DeUila granted
on oertifioatas of heads of depoftmenta that the persona are IndispensabM, in conformity to Ueneral
Orders, Kos. 77 and 82, AdJotant and Inspector General'a Office, 1864.
708
COBRE8POMDENCB, ETC.
H. — DetaiU of cotUractars to fumish suppUea,
State.
Clua.
•
1
1
}
&
1
&
t
1
s
1
1
1
1
yfrgfnf% - r-
18 and 45
17 and 18
41
8
81
19
A
,
87
221
' '
45 and 80
Total
18aBd46........
17 and 18...'
•
_ ^ _
2|....
20
>1
' , '
50
8
81
....| i.|....
6| 1
87
252
Kortta CacoUn*
•
2| 4
1
4
28
27
79
■
45 and 60
...J
2
::::::i::::
12
14
Total
18 and 45
17 and 18 r
'
1
0
2
4
6
1
45 1 27
91
South CftrolliiA
20
4
10
-.„
1
» 1 1 O
* ' 1
45 and 60
Total
18aad45
17 and 18
2
....
2
1 ....
6| io
1 1
22
4
12
ii 1
n\ 1 72
Oeorsla
59
22
00
8
7
20
8 I 0
7
....
»l
215
1
4
45 and 50
Total
18 and 46
17 and 18
6
4
1
1
21
06
20
100
29
4
6
8
....
2 1
240
AhlMiinft,,.
10
1
6
2
....
17 i
41
45 and 50
Total
18 and 45 . .....
1
1
....
1 1
9
17
1
5
s
18 ,
44
!:
Saat TcnnoMoo
14
u
17 and 18. .
45 and 60
1
1
Total
15
IS
Oraad total
=
...J
717
1 1
1'""'
KoTB.— Detailed on certifloatoa of heads of denartmento that theae penone are aktlled and indispentt-
ble, iu oonfonaity with General Otden, Moe. 77 and 82, Adjutant and Inapeotor General'a OSoe, 1894.
XmiON AUTHORITIES.
709
4
g
5
•|»lox
; 3
gst
!f'
" 'P
=« S|l'
58 I
•^nrdop t.iaitvauaiJTOb ^ins
s-^
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r«
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i 1 3
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s i*
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r=
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7
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n i i
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710
COBBESPOMDKRCE, ETC.
4
I
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I
rnox
r
• I
i
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i 1
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is
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25
9
^
UNIOK AUTHORITIES. 711
K,—De9erter9 returned totkeAmiy,
THrginia 8,696
North Carolina 8.882
Sonth Carolina, since SeptembeT, 1882 2,514
Georgia 5,178
Alabama, since February, 1864 6,055
Mississippi, since Pebniary» 1864 2,031
Florida 220
East Louisiana, since August, 1864 75
East Tennessee, since November, 1863 560
Total •21,056
Jj,—RecapiMation.
Number of conscripts assigned to the Army from camps of instmction .. 81,903
Deserters returned to the Army •21,056
Assignments under section 8 of the act of February 17, 1864 7,733
Approjdmate estimate of men who have joined the Army without passing
through camps of instmction 76,206
Total number of exempts 66,586
Agricultural details 2,717
Details on account of public necessity 5,803
Gtovemment details—bureaus and departments— not including artisans
and mechanics 4,612
Detail of contractors to furnish supplies 717
Detailsof artisans and mechundcs 6,960
REBEL LEGISLATION RELATIVE TO THE EMPLOYMENT OF NEGROES
FOR MILITARY PURPOSES.
On the 17th of February, 1864, the first action was taken by the rebel
Congress for employing colored men for military purposes by the pas-
sage of the act *'to increase the efficiency of the Army by the employ-
ment of free negroes and slaves in certain capacities."
By this act the free negro men in the Confederacy between the
ages of eighteen and fifty were "held liable to perform such duties
with the Array, or in connection with the military defenses of the
country in the way of work upon fortifications, or in Gk)vemment
works for the productiOB or preparation of material of war, or in
military hospitals, as the Secretary of War or the commanding gen-
eral of the Trans-Mississippi Department may from time to time pre-
scribe; and while engaged in the performance of such duties shall
receive mtions and clothing, and compensation at the rate of $11 a
month, under such rules as the said Seci*etary may establish," Ac.
Authority to employ for like purposes slaves to the number of 20,000
was granted by the same act, the wages of this class being paid to
the owners of the slaves, and their impressment being authorized if
they were not offered in sufficient numbers.
'*An act to increase the military forces of the Confederate States,"
approved March 30, 1865, authorized the employment of negroes as
soldiers. It recited —
That if, tinder the previons sections of this act, the Presidant shall not be able
to raise a sufficient nnmber of troops to prosecute the war successfully and main-
tain the sovereignty of the States and the independence of the Confederate States,
then he is hereby authorized to call on each State, whenever he thinks it expedi-
ent, for her quota of 300,000 troops, in addition to those subject to military
*So in copy, but the factors (if correctly stated) make the sum of 33,050.
712 CORRESPOKDENCEy ETC.
service under existing laws, or so many thereof as the President may deem neces-
sary for the purposes herein mentioned; to be raised from snch of the popolation,
irrespective of color, in each State, as the proper anthorities thereof may
determine.
The surrender of the rebel armies and the overthrow of the so-
called Confederate Government in April, 1865, followed so close upon
this le^^islation that no negro soldiers were recraited under it.
In connection with this legislation the following order is of Interest:
General Orders, ) War Dept., Aixjt. and Insp. General's Office,
No. 60. f Richmond, August f i, 1S62.
I. Whereas, Major-Gtoneral Hnnter, recently in command of the enemy*8 forces
on the coast of South Carolina, and Bri^adier-Gtoneral Phelps, a militarv com-
mander of the enemy in the State of Louisiana, have organized and armed negro
slaves for military service against their masters, citizens of this Confederacy;
and whereas, the Gkivemment of the United States has refused to answer an
inquiry whether said conduct of its officers meets its sanction, and has thus left
to this Government no other means of repressing said crimes and outrages tl^
the adoption of such measures of retaliation as shall serve to prevent their
repetition:
Ordered, That Major-Gtoneral Hunter and Brigadier-Ctoneral Phelps he no longer
held and treated as public enemies of the Confederate States, but as outlaws, and
that in the event of the capture of either of them, or that of any other com-
missioned officer employ;ed m drilling, organizing, or instructing slaves with a
view to their armed service in this war, he shall not be regarded as a prisoner of
war, but held in close confinement for execution as a fdon, at such time and
place as the President shall order.
By order:
S. COOPER,
Ad{jutant and Inspector Oeneral.
Partial statement of easvaltiea in the rebel armies from April, 2S61, to JlforcA, JS65,
compiled from incomplete returns in possession of the Oovemment {Archive
Bureau),*
Document No. 6.
Historical report — Enrollment Branchy Provosi-Marshal-OeneraTs
Bureau.
War Dept., Provost-Marshal-Genbral's Bureau,
Washington, D. C, March 17 y 2866.
Bvt. Maj. Gen. James B. Fry,
Provost-Marshal' Oeneral United States :
General: In obedience to your instructions I have the bonor to
submit this as a history of the business and operations of the Enroll-
ment Brancb of the Provost-Marsbal-General's Bureau from its organ-
ization to date.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEO. E. SCOTT,
Ma/jor, Veteran Reserve Corps.
organization, officers, etc.
This branch was organized about the 1st day of June, 1863, and
Capt. Henry E. Maynadier, IT. S. Army, placed in chaise, with a
small force of clerks.
* Omitted; see explanatory foot-note (*), p. 687. It is published on p. 141 of
the Elxecutive Document therein referred to.
UNION AUTH0B1TIS8. 713
To this branch was assigned the duty of superintending the oper-
ations of boards of enrollment in making the enrollment of their
districts, and in keeping accounts with such districts of all volunteers
recruited and credited. In case of a draft the quotas were worked
out in this office and transmitted to the acting assistant provost-mar-
shals-general of State or division, to be by them in turn transmitted to
their provost-marshals. Also to keep all reports relating to the
enrollment and draft, so that information could at any time be
obtained of the number of men charged to a State or district, and the
offsetting credit for men raised.
On the 20th of May, 1864, Capt. (now Maj.) T. A. Dodge, Veteran
Reserve Corps, took charge of this branch, relieving Captain May-
nadier, and continued in charge until December 5, 1864, when a
transfer was made by assigning Major Dodge to the Deserters' Branch,
and Capt. (now Maj^ George £. Scott, Veteran Reserve Corps, to
the charge of the Enrollment Branch Provost-Marshal-General's
Bureau.
ENROLLMENT.
At the time this branch went into operation boards of enrollment
had been very generally appointed and commenced operations.
The first duty of the boards was to appoint deputy provost-marshals
and to make an enrollment of their districts. In order to do this they
first subdivided their districts, generally making a township or each
ward of a city a sub-district. At first, in some instances, where the
towns or wards were small, two or more were included in one sub-
district, but experience soon dictated that each town and ward should
be a distinct locality upon their record, and changes were gradually
made accordingly.
As soon as this subdivisioh was made enrolling officers were
appointed, one for each sub-district, and the enrollment was at once
commenced. Each enrolling officer was furnished with a full set of
instructions, printed sheets, and a portfolio, and directed to make
the enrollment. The sheets contained columns for the residence,
name, age, occupation, color, and previous military service (if any)
of the person enrolled.
This enrollment was at first divided into two classes. The first class
comprised all those between the ages of twenty and thirty-five years,
and all unmarried men between the ages of thirty-five and forty-five
years. The second class comprised all other persons subject to do mili-
tary duty. By the provisions of the act of March 3, 1863, the first class
was to be entirely exhausted before the second class could be called
upon. From the tenor of the act it was found necessary to create a
third class, comprising those who were in the military service at the
date of its passage. Enrolling officers were required to enroll all
persons between the prescribed ages, and wei-e allowed no latitude
whatever, it being reserved for the boaitls of enrollment to determine
who of the enrolled men should be exempt when properly brought
before them. Where possible these officers were i-equired to hand in
the names enrolled to the boards at the end of each day, not less than
one sheet (twenty names) being considei'ed a day's work. If at a
distance from the headquarter of the Board they handed the sheets
to the deputies, who forwarded them at least as often as twice a week.
The deputies in all cases exercised a supervision over the enrolling
714 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
officers. The work of consolidation was commenced as soon as the
sheets began to arrive in the office by entering the names alphabetic-
ally upon the sheets ruled and printed for the purpose. Each of the
three classes was consolidated separately, and, upon completion, a
fair copy was made and transmitted to the Provost-Marshal-G^neral.
Much difficulty was experienced in obtaining the services of reliable
men to make the enrollment, this duty in some imrts of the country
being dangerous to life from the disaffection of the inhabitants. The
"conscription act," as it was very generally called, was regarded by
the disloyal portion of the people as arbitrary and inhuman, and their
passions and feelings were worked upon by the disloyal "press" to
such an extent that violence was frequently offered to the enrolling
officer. In some instances these officers were attacked and badly
beaten, the sheets destroyed, and the work before done neutralized.
Some of these officers were murdered, and others could do nothing
unless protected by a strong military force. Many men, on the
approach of an enrolling officer, left their homes, and their wives,
mothers, or children gave false names, or grossly misrepresented the
age of thie person to be enrolled.
Every effort was made to obtain a correct list of all liable to do
military duty by the examination of the State enrollment sheets of
1862; poll lists and assessors' lists were examined and compared with
the lists taken by the enrolling officer; and in mining districts, where
the greatest difficulties were encountered, the enrollment was some-
times necessarily made entirely from the pay-rolls of the mines.
In the face of all these difficulties it is not to be wondered at that
the original enrollment was very defective. The first draft developed
the fact that in some localities it was excessive; in others it appeared
that but few, if any, men capable of or liable to do military duty were
drawn.
As these facts were developed measures were taken to have the
enrollment corrected, and on the 17th of November, 1863, Circular
No. 101 was issued by the Provost-Marshal-General to boards of
enrollment, directing that lists of those heretofore enrolled be printed
and publicly posted throughout the district, and all persons were
invited to assist in their correction. A list of the causes for which
names could be stricken from the lists was appended, and persons
were invited to see that those not enrolled in their neighborhood,
though liable, had their names entered on the lists. In case of alien-
age, non-residence, unsuitableness of age, &c,, boards were to require
the same evidence before striking a name off the list which would be
required to exempt the person if drafted. In case of physical dis-
ability a personal examination by the surgeon of the board was
required.
These instructions resulted in striking from the lists a large num-
ber of names, though but few were added.
Section 6, amendment to enrollment act, dated February 24, 1864,
provided for the enrollment of all persons liable to draft whose names
had been omitted by the enrolling officers; all i)ersons who shall
arrive at the age of twenty years before the draft; all persons dis-
charged from the military or naval service of the United States who
had not been in such service two years during the present war, and
all persons who had been exempted under the provisions of the second
section of the act to which this is an amendment, who were not
UNION AUTHOBITIES. 715
exempted by the provisions of this act, and directing the release of
all persons who, between the time of the enrollment and draft, shall
have arrived at the age of forty-five years.
Section 11 of the same act provided for the consolidation of the
classes as provided by section 3, act of March 3, 1863, and which was
accordingly done.
By Circular No. 8, Provost-Marshal-GeneraFs Ofiice, March 1, 1864,
the enrollment of all colored persons (slaves) held liable to military
duty was ordered, and provost-marshals were directed to furnish the
persons to whom the said persons owed service a list of all so enrolled,
specifying name, age, and date of enrollment. This circular applied
only to the then slave States of South Carolina, Maryland, Kentucky,
and Missouri, and the instructions were immediately carried out.
June 25, 1864, Circular No. 24, Provost-Marshal-General's Office,
was issued, calling the attention of boards of enrollment to the first
section of the act above quoted, and to Circular No. 101, series of
1863, making the commissioner directly resi)onsible for the correct-
ness of the enrollment, and informing the boards that the duty of
revision was continuous. Civil officers, clergymen, and prominent
citizens were invited to assist the officers of this Bureau, and the
importance of having a correct list of all liable to do military duty,
and none others, was particularly impressed upon them.
It was not until about this time that the people became awakened
to the importance of this duty to themselves and the Government,
and in many localities the proper spirit began to be manifested.
Boards of enrollment of widely extended and thinly i)opulated dis-
tricts were requested and directed to hold sessions at remote points
to revise the enrollment sheets of those sections. Civil officers inter-
ested themselves to have the names of deserving persons stricken off
and others added to the lists, and gradually the enrollment was
brought to a point as near perfection as it can well be made in a
population so largely '^ floating " as is that of the United States.
Boards of enrollment were appointed in the State of California and
the Territories, and instructed to make an enrollment in accordance
with the provisions of the enrollment act, and these instructions were
carried out so far as practicable, but the difficulty of obtaining
reliable enrolling officers at the rate of compensation offered, the
great extent of country covered by the said State and Territories,
the constant changing of the population, and the resistance offered in
the mining districts, all combined to render the labor performed void
and without effect.
The enrollment upon which quotas under the various calls were
based is as follows:
Draft of July, 1863, for 20 per cent, of persons enrolled in Class I.
Quotas under call of March 14, 1864, based on 3,112,279.
Quotas under call of July 18, 1864, based on 3,024,429.
Quotas under call of December 19, 1864, based on 2,485,475.
The enrollment as reported to this Bureau April 30, 1865, the date
upon which all corrections ceased, is 2,254,063. There can be no
doubt that the latter figures showed the true military strength of the
United States liable to draft at that date, as both boards of enroll-
ment and civil officers had for months been laboring in every con-
ceivable manner to have the lists corrected. Between December 31,
1864, and April 30, 1865, 189,124 men had been credited on the call
716 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC,
of December 19, 1864, and that number deducted from the enrollment.
Add that number to the number enrolled April 30, 1865, and we have
2,443,187, showing a difference of only 43,288 between those figures
and the enrollment upon which quotas under the call of December 19,
1864, were based. I am satisfied these quotas were equitably distrib-
uted, so far as the enrollment affected them.
Before closing this report I shall offer a few suggestions on the
subject of enrollment, based upon experience and the remarks con-
tained in the rejwrts of provost-marshals.
DRAFTING.
Four drafts have been made under the direction of this Bureau.
First. Commencing about the Ist of July, 1863, for one-fifth of the
persons enrolled in the first class; made under the provisions of the
act of March 3, 1863, entitled *^An act for enrolling and calling out
the national forces, and for other purposes."
Second. Commencing about the 15th of April, 1864, for deficiencies
under calls for 700,000 volunteers; made under provisions of the act
of March 3, 1863, and amendment thereto, approved February 24,
1864.
Third. Commencing about 19th of September, 1864, for deficiencies
under call of July 18, 1864, for 600,000 volunteers; made under pro-
visions of act of March 3, 1863, and amendments thereto, approved
February 24 and July 4, 1864.
Fourth. Commencing about February 20, 1865, for deficiencies
under call of December 19, 1864, for 300,000 volunteers; made under
provisions of act of March 3, 1863, and amendments thereto, approved
February 24 and July 4, 1864, and March 3, 1865.
MODE OF DRAFTING, ScC.
The general rule observed in drafting has been as follows: Immedi-
ately upon the completion of the enrollment of a district the name
of each person enrolled was written on a card, together with the
number of the sub-district in which enrolled and his number on the
enrollment sheet. These cards were uniform in size and color, and
when all the names had been written the cards were compared with
the names on the sheets, and if found correct were carefully filed
away in envelopes, by sub-districts, until the draft was ordered.
Upon receipt of orders to draft a wheel or box was prepared,
according to instructions contained in the Regulations of the Provost-
Marslial-Generars Bureau. Public notice was given through the
newspapers and other sources of information. Civil officers and
prominent individuals were invited to attend and witness the pro-
ceedings. On the day before the draft took place the cards were
taken out of the packages and again compared with the enrollment
sheets, and all necessary corrections made to correspond with the
changes in the enrollment. The draft was made as publicly as possi-
ble. When all was prepared the name of the first sub-district to be
drawn was called and two representatives from that locality wei-e
invited to test the correctness of the cards with the enrollment sheets.
The cards were placed in the wheel (or box) and well shaken up; a
blindfolded man then placed his hand in the wheel and drew there-
from a single card, passed it to the commissioner of the Board, who,
UNION AUTHORITIES. 717
in a lond tone, read out the name and locality written thereon, and
then passed it to a clerk, who entered the name and residence (sub-
district) upon a previously prepared sheet, numbered the name and
card 1, and then passed the card to another clerk, who filled out the
notice of draft and filed the card away. So on until the required
number were drawn. The remaining cards were then taken out of
the wheel, counted, and the representatives of the sub-district
requested to sign an acknowledgment that the draft had been con-
ducted in a fair and impartial manner. The next sub-district was
then drawn, and so on until the number required from the district,
with the per cent, allowed by law, was drafted.
Upon the completion of the drawing the notices were served upon
those drafted with all possible dispatch. From 75 to 125 men were
required to report each day, commencing upon the third day after
draft.
When a drafted man reported he was required to show his "notice,"
and if possible be identified by others from the same sub-district.
He was then asked if he claimed exemption, and if so, upon what
grounds. If for physical disability he was turned over to the surgeon
of the Board for examination ; if for alienage, unsuitableness of age,
Ac, his claim was heard by the whole Board. If he desired to furnish
a substitute or to pay commutation money he was allowe4 five days
in which to carry out his intentions. In some instances bonds were
required of the drafted man before the furlough was granted. Sub-
stitutes were accepted after a rigid examination by the surgeon to
discover physical defects, and the commissioner to discover the " moral
status" of the person presented.
When a drafted man was "held to sei-vice" he was at once prepared
for the rendezvous by being put in uniform and f urnishe<i with one
knapsack, haversack, canteen, and blanket; also with a knife, fork,
spoon, and tin cup and plate, and sent to securely guarded quarters
until such time as he should be sent away.
Substitutes, if accepted, were at once uniformed and never fur-
loughed.
When a squad of convenient size was collected, duplicate extracts
of their names, <&c., were made from the muster and descriptive rolls
of drafted men and substitutes, and the squad forwarded under guard
to the rendezvous, where one copy of the roll of the squad was left
with the commandant and the other receipted and returned to the
provost-marshal.
The above formula, required by the Regulations, was observed in
the districts under the first draft, and has not been changed under
any of the subsequent drafts.
Draft of Jvlyy 1863.^This draft was ordered about July 1 in all
the districts of the loyal States w^here the enrollment had been com-
pleted on that date, and as it was completed in other districts they
also were oi-dered to draft.
As the enrollment was reported to the Bureau in numbers, quotas
were assigned, being for about 20 per cent, of those enrolled in the
first class. In drafting, 50 per cent, was added to the number required
to allow for exemptions. Drafted men electing to commut-e or furnish
substitutes were at first required to pay the money to the receiver,
or present the substitute to the Board on or before the day fixed for
their examination, as seemed to be i-equired by the terms of the law;
but the rule was subsequently changed so as to allow them to be
examined, and if held to service they could then commute or famish
718 COBBBSPONDENCEy ETC.
substitute. Under the first ruling of this Bureau many xMrsons i»id
commutation money who subsequently, on examination, were ex-
empted. The amounts so paid have been refunded.
The order for this draft was the signal for violent disturbance in
many portions of the loyal States, and much blood was shed before
these disturbances were quieted. In some portions of the country,
particularly in the city of New York, certain districts in Pennsylvania,
Indiana, and Illinois, the draft was conducted under the protection
of troops sent there to overawe the lawless, and in other districts the
draft was deferred until troops could be furnished to protect the
officers.
This draft was not completed until late in the year and produced
but few men for the service. Its practical operations, however, were
of much value in pointing out the defects of the act under which it
was made, the provisions of which were strictly complied with.
A large number of persons were exempted under this draft by the
payment of *' commutation money," many localities entirely clearing
themselves by raising money and advancing it to the persons drafted.
This appeared to be the favorite method adopted by disloyal sections
to prevent the re-enforcement of the armies in the field with men.
Draft under call of March U, ISd^.—The second draft was com-
menced about the 15th day of April, 1864, and was for deficiencies
under the calls of the President of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 vol-
unteers for three years' service; February 1, 1864, for 200,000 men
(in addition to the call of OctobBr 17, 1863) for three years* service,
and March 14, 1864, for 200,000 men to supply the wants of the Navy
and to provide for contingencies, or, the calls being added together,
for 700,000 men for three years' service.
The product of the draft of 1863 was credited upon the call of
October 17, 1863 (no call having been made for any specified number
when that draft was ordered), and all volunteers recruited under the
call were credited up to the day of draft. This latter proviso stimu-
lated recruiting to a wonderful extent, and many sub-districts having
the fear of draft before them entirely filled their quotas before the
day of draft. To this fact more than any other must be attributed
the small number of men produced by draft under these calls.
At this time there appears to have been a conflict of opinion as to
whether the amendment of February 24, 1864, authorized the drawing
of 50 per cent, in addition to the number required from the districts,
and in some districts in Pennsylvania and Kentucky this x>er cent,
was drawn; but upon the opinion of Solicitor Whiting being obtained
that the said amendment did not authorize the drawing of more than
the number required, those so drawn in the per cent, were discharged.
But few, if any, disturbances of the peace occurred during the
progress of this draft, the people having learned to look upon the
draft as a military necessity. The abolition of many of the objec-
tionable features of the original act by the amendment of February
24, 1864, also tended to produce this result.
Over 30,000 persons paid commutation money during the progress
of this draft, though the number was considerably below the previous
draft, ''substitution" having the preference.
This draft was very generally wound up by the 1st of July, and the
enrollment having been revised, a further call was made by the Presi-
dent as follows:
Draft under caU of July 18, 1S64, — This call was made under the
provisions of the amendment to enrollment act, approved July 4,
UNION AUTHORITIES. 719
1864; was for 600,000 volanteers for one, two, or three years' service,
and fifty days was to be allowed in which to fill quotas by volunteering
before the draft took place.
The quotas under this caU were to be reduced by all naval enlist-
ments occurring from the commencement of the war up to February
24, 1864, and men furnished in excess of all previous calls.
Quotas were immediately assigned froih this office, and the draft
ordered to commence upon the 5th of September following. Commis-
sioners were appointed to decide upon the claims of the several States
for tiie naval recruits mentioned above, and when they reported the
proper ** naval credits" and excesses on previous calls were allowed
each State and district in reduction of the quotas previously assigned.
Drafting commenced September 19, 1864, in all districts which had
not filled their quotas. One hundred per cent, additional was drawn
to allow for exemptions under the provisions of the amendment under
which this call was made, and in accordance with the provisions of
the same act, only those persons belonging t<o religious denominations
mentioned in section 17, act of February 24, 1864, were allowed to
procure exemption by the payment of commutation money.
Provost-marshals were required to ascertain and report the period
of service of each man credited upon this call, and an ''account of
terms of service" was established and kept with each sub-district and
district.
Operations under this draft had been very generally wound up by
the 19th of December, 1864, when another call was made by the
President for 300,000 volunteers.
Draft under caU of December 19^ 1864, — This call was also for vol-
unteers for one, two, or three years' service; fifty days to be allowed
in which to fill quotas by volunteering before draft took place, in
accordance with the act of July 4, 1864.
In assigning quotas under this call the requirements of the last
clause of section 12, act of March 3, 1863, were carried out. All sur-
pluses on calls prior to July 18, 1864, were considered as representing
three-years' men. These, together with the terms of service of all men
enlisted and credited upon the July call, were reduced to a one-year
basis; the call of July 18, 1864, was deducted therefrom and the
remainder considered as representing the surplus in years of service,
furnished by the loyal States over all calls. To this surplus was
added the call of December 19, 1864, multiplied by 3 (to reduce it to
a one-year basis), and the product was called the ''gross quota" of
the United States. Then as the enrollment of the United States was
to its "gross quota," so was the enrollment of any State to its "gross
quota." From the gross quota of any State was deducted its surplus
after satisfying the call of July 18, 1864, and the remainder divided
by 3 to reduce it to the number of men to be furnished by the said
State as its ratio of the 300,000 men called for. The same principle
was followed in regard to districts. The net quotas of States and
districts were worked out in this office and sent to the acting assistant
provost-marshals-general of States and divisions upon a printed for-
mula in which the principle was explained.
The "people" did not understand this principle. All previous
quotas had been assigned by the simple rule of pi*oportion, and the
process could be readily understood by the meanest intellect. This
new principle, rendered necessary by the very terms of the law, filled
them with wonder and dismay, and almost every district in the loyal
720 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
States sent forward a committee to inquire into its workings and to see
if they had had full credit for all surpluses in "years of service,"
which they seemed to consider as equivalent to so many men. For
weeks this branch was kept busy both day and night explaining to
committees the modiis operandi by which results were arrived at, and
I believe that with one exception every individual and committee
left the department satisfied that the quota of his or their district was
equitable.
Immediately upon the assignment of quotas under this call the work
of recruiting was commenced and prosecuted rapidly in every part of
the country. Provost-marshals were required to report the number
of men recruited each day and all interested were given to understand
that so long as boards of enrollment were kept busy mustering in
recruits the draft in their district would be delayed. Drafting, how-
ever, generally commenced between the 20th day of February and the
15th day of March, 1865, though the deficiencies in most districts were
but small and the men were reporting in large numbers when the final
successes of our armies in the field prompted the order of April 14
[13], 1866, to "suspend recruiting and drafting."
The same day an order was issued by telegraph to " discharge all
drafted men not forwarded to rendezvous," and all operations under
this draft were ordered to be closed on the 30th of the same month.
This Bureau has continued to allow credits upon this call for all
enlistments not reported in time to be contained in report for April,
1865, and for enlistments of regulars and colored troops up to June
30, 1865.
The following table will show the number of men obtained by draft,
and the number who paid commutation money, under each call:
Cidls.
Men tat' Paid
Draft of July, 1868 85,882
DnftniidwoiJltof FebnMTv and liwoh, 1804 13,808
DnflniideroaUof July 18, 1864 84.281
Draft under call of December 18, 1864 1 86,178
82.678
1.898
ToUl 166.648
88. TM
The column ' ' men furnished " includes substitutes for enrolled men.
DUTIES OF THE OFFICE, REPORTS, RETURNS, ETC.
Up to the date of the organization of this branch of the Provost-
Marshal-Grenerars Bureau accounts had been kept with States only
of volunteers called for and recruited, in the office of the Adjutant-
General of the United States. Quotas had been assigned, based upon
the male population of the loyal States as shown by the census of
1860, and credits allowed the States from reports of mustering officers.
Immediately upon the organization of this branch accounts were
oi)ened with each district of the loyal States; they were charged with
all quotas assigned from the Adjutant-General's Office, and credited
with all troops furnished as shown by the records of that office.
From organization of the Provost-Marshal-General's Bureau up to
July 1, 1864, quotas on which draft was to be made were assigned by
this office, and as mustering officers reported credits to the Adjutant-
General they were transmitted to this office and allowed to the proper
UNION AUTH0RITIK8. 721
localities by reporting the same to the acting assistant provost-inar*
shal-general of the proper State or division.
On this date, July 1, 1864, the whole system of keeping accounts
was changed. Mustering officers were required to report tri-monthly
and monthly the enlistments and musters made by them during these
periods to the acting assistant provost-marshal-general of the State or
division to which the recruit was to be credited. The monthly report
was accompanied by the proper muster and descriptive roll of the men
borne in numbers on the said monthly report, and the acting assistant
provost-marshal-general, in his capacity as superintendent of recruit-
ing service, issu^ the order to credit to the proper provost-marshal.
At the end of each month a '* retuim of credits to districts" was made
to this office, showing the number and class of credits to each district
during the month; also showing the quota assigned and the surplus
or deficiency of the district at that date. From these returns the
information necessary for the records of this office was extracted.
Provost-marshals were required to keep accounts with each sub-
district in their districts, charging them with quotas, and crediting
them with all men raised to their credit by enlistment or draft. They
made a return monthly to this office, showing the exact standing of
each sub-district on the last day of the month.
After a draft was completed provost-marshals were required to for-
ward a muster-roll of all men drawn in the draft. During the progress
of a draft they forwarded a ''weekly abstract of exemptions," show-
ing for what cause each man was exempted. At the expiration of the
time for drafted men to report a " final report of the draft" was ren-
dered, showing the number drawn, the number exempted for each
cause, and the number who failed to report. Also a muster and
descriptive roll of ''drafted men held," and a "statement of substi-
tutes accepted and enlisted" during the progress of the draft.
The necessary information was extracted from these reports, and
they were then filed away for future reference. Various other tem-
porary reports have been received as the exigencies of the service
required.
This branch is also the repository of the enrollment sheets of the
loyal States, consisting of the original enrollment made in "May and
June, 1863 (bound in book form) ; corrections to the same made from
November 17, 1863, to January 6, 1864; a revision of the same made
during the months of May and June, 1864, and monthly corrections
made "from July 1, 1864, to April 30, 1865. These sheets make an
enormous bulk, weighing several tons. Owing to a want of space
they are merely tied up and marked with the name of the State, num-
ber of the district, date of corrections, and whether stricken from or
added to, and then filed away by States. A report of corrections to
the enrollment is made by each provost-marshal monthly, showing
the number enrolled in each sub-district at date of last report*, the
number added to or stricken from each during the month, and the
number enrolled at the date of the report. From these reports is
extracted the figui'es upon which quotas are based. Tri-monthly
reports of business and general transactions have always been ren-
dered by provost-marshals. These reports are in the form of a let-
ter, and often contain valuable information and suggestions.
A full set of record books is kept by the branch, consisting of "let-
ters received," "letters sent," "indorsements and memoranda,"
" quotas and credits by States," and " quotas and credits by districts."
46 R R— SERIES III, VOL V
722 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
An average of about 500 communications have been received
monthly, fully nine-tenths of which require to be answered by letter
or indorsement. Those not returned with indorsement are neatly
filed away.
Communications to this branch relate principally to questions of
enrollment, disputed credits, requests for certificates of credit to
obtain local bounty, and applications for return of commutation
money, each involving much time and labor in their proper investi-
gation.
Applications for return of commutation money receive the most
rigid scrutiny, and require a close examination of the papers pre-
sented in connection with orders and circulars, and a careful consid-
eration of the circumstances attending each case. In all cases before
a claim is decided upon a report and opinion of the Board of Enroll-
ment of the district in which the claim originated is required.
The following wiU show the number of applications heretofore
received by this branch and the disposition made of them.
Whole number of applications received, 767; number approved and
ordered to be paid, 311; number disapproved and filed, 297; number
now on hand, 149.
The general result as to the number of men. obtained for the Army
and Navy by this Bureau since its organization may be summed up
as follows:
Prodnctof thedrafts (men) 168,M9
Number who paid commntotion money for the procuration of substi-
tutes, under act March 8, 1883 85.457
Number who paid commutation money under section 17, act of Feb-
ruary 24, 18&4 (conscientiously opposed to bearing arms) 1,267
Volunteer recruits (Army and K^avy, and Regulars) ^ 1,076,558
Total 1,881,281
In connection herewith I have the honor to submit a statement of
the number of men called for by the President of the United States,
and the number furnished by each State, Territory, and the District
of Columbia, from April 15, 1861, to April 30, 1865; also a table con-
taining the results as shown by the final reports of the draft under
calls of July, 1863, March 14, 1864 (which includes calls of October 17,
1863, and February 1, 1864), July 18, 1864, and December 19, 1864.
I will here conclude the report of the branch under my charge and
respectfully submit the following general remarks:
Several suggestions present themselves in relation to enrollment,
recruiting, substitution, bounties, <fec., among which the following
are offered as worthy of attention:
Enrollment, — In a population so largely floating as is that of the
United States much trouble will always exist in securing an accurate
enrollment; and in order to do so as far as practicable it is recom-
mended that enrolling officers be appointed only after a carefal
examination into their capacity and integrity, and that all persons
between the prescribed ages be compelled, by such laws as mAj here-
after be enacted, to appear before the enrolling officer of their sub-
district or Board of Enrollment of the district and enroll themselves,
giving age, residence, and occupation, or be exempted if not liable to
do military duty; and all those who voluntarily fail to report should
be subject to such penalties and liabilities as Congress may prescribe,
and men arriving at the designated age for liability for military duty
UNION AUTHORITIES. 723
shonld, with those passing beyond and once enrolled, be compelled to
report the fact to such officer connected with the Board of Enrollment
of the district as may be designated for the locality in which they
reside. In like manner let it be made the dnty of all persons liable
to do military dnty coming into a district for the purpose of acquir-
ing a residence, or removing from a district with intention to reside
el^where, to report as aforesaid to the proper officer for enrollment;
and it should be made the duty of each district provost-marshal to
furnish the provost-marshal of the district from which such new resi-
dent had removed with a certificate that he had been duly enrolled,
and until such certificate is received let it be unlawful to strike the
name of such person from the list. It should be made the duty of
the local authorities to furnish the boards of enrollment within whose
district they exercise jurisdiction with a monthly or quarterly report
of the death of such persons as were liable to the performance of mil-
itary duty in order that the rolls may be kept continuously correct.
Enrolling officers, assuming them to be men of fidelity and integ-
rity, might safely be instructed not to enroll persons manifestly and
permanently disabled, as, from "total blindness," "loss of right
eye," "deafness," "loss of a limb or limbs," "permanent lameness,"
^c. ; the particular disabilities which he might act upon could be
enumerated after the manner of the list of "disqualifying diseases"
now enumerated in the Regulations, or he might be instructed to
report the names of such x>ersons upon separate rolls, stating the dis-
ability in full for the action of the proper authority. Duty and inter-
est would be combined to secure a reasonably correct enrollment;
and by the enactment of a statute making it obligatory upon every
male person in the United States who had reached the age rendering
him liable to military duty to report himself for registry (or enroll-
ment), as above, and making the neglect to do so a penal offense,
punishable, for instance, with disfranchisement until the law was
complied with, and in case the names of such persons failing to report
for registry should be communicated to the Board through other
sources, requiring them if drafted and accepted to serve x>ersonaUy,
the desired end might be attained.
The foregoing should apply to all aliens, to x>ersons having con-
scientious scruples against bearing arms, and to all classes and
description of persons, without distinction, whose ages are within the
prescribed limits.
The interests of the General Government demand that the enroll-
ment should be kept well up. The migratory character of the popu-
lation of this country, especially in the Western States, and the
anticipated changes in the population of and migration to the South-
ern States, renders this necessary if it is expected to arrive at the
true or even approximate military strength of the Union.
The enrollment and corrections thereto up to April 30, 1865, is as
near perfect as possible, under the present system, in the States not
engaged in the late rebellion; but, as whatever legislation is taken on
the subject of enrollment hereafter must embrace all the States and
Territories, it would, in my opinion, be as well to start with a new
general enrollment as a basis upon which continuous corrections
could be made from time to time and in the manner above contem-
plated.
The enrollment law was at first considered by a large majority of
the people as arbitrary and unjust, and all those concerned in its
724 COBBESPONDEVCBy STC.
execution were regarded with prejudice and distroBt. This law with
its Tarious amendments is now recognized as necessary, libera^ and
humane, and fnll confidence is expressed in the integrity and impar-
tiality of those who were appointed to administer it.
The laws governing the Provost- Marshal-General's Bureau are well
adapted to its workings, and the amendments adopted have been sug-
gested by exx>erience and have proved practically beneficiaL
SubsiUiUion. — By act of Congress (sections 4 and 5, act of Febni-
ary 24, 1864) any x>erson enrolled may furnish at any time previous to
a draft an acceptable substitute who is not liable to draft, nor at the
time in the military or naval service of the United States, and such
person so furnishing a substitute shall be exempt from draft during
the time for which such substitute shall have been accepted; and
any person drafted into the military service of the United States
may, before the time fixed for his appearance for duty at the draft
rendezvous, furnish an acceptable substitute who may or may not be
liable to draft. If liable to draft, the name of the principal shall
be again placed on the roll, and shall be liable to draft on future
calls, but not until the present enrollment shall be exhausted; if the
substitute is not liable to draft, the principal shall be exempt during
the time for which such substitute is not liable to draft. In either
case the exemption shall not exceed the term for which such person
shall have been drafted.
Section 16, act of March 3, 1865, provides that persons who were
drafted for one year and who furnished substitutes for three years
should be exempt from military duty during the time for which such
substitutes were not liable to draft, not exceeding the time for which
such substitutes were mustered into service, anything in the act of
February 24, 1864, to the contrary notwithstanding.
The system of substitution is, within itself, very simple, and is
doubtless the most practical and equitable way of avoiding personal
service by those who, from inclination, business interests, or other
causes, were unwilling to give personal response to the calls of the
Government. The services rendered by a large number of substi-
tutes have been valuable, while in some instances the reverse of this
is true, owing in part to the disreputable character of the substitutes
themselves and to the bad influences brought to bear upon them by
an unprincipled class of men usually termed '^ substitute brokers,"
who tempted and instructed them in the arts of desertion and
"bounty jumping."
To guard against the enlistment of this class of men boards of
enrollment should be required to conform strictly to the requiremeuts
of paragraph 7, Circular No. 33, Provost-Marshal-General's Office,
series of 1863, which reads as follows:
All persons who may he drafted and who desire to present substitates shall
give notice in writing to the Board of Enrollment that on such a day they will
present a substitute, giving his name, residence, age, and state whether he is an
alien or citizen.
The principal should be required personally to present his substi-
tute, who should undergo a rigid examination with a view to his
moral as well as physical qualifications, and if accepted the principal
should pay the sum agreed upon between them to the mustering offi-
cer, who in turn should deposit it in the U. S. Treasui^y, to be paid
to the substitute as hereinafter recommended.
Substitute brokers should not be allowed access to the office of the
provost-marshal during the examination of the substitute unless
UNION AUTHORITIES. 725
accompanied by the principal, nor be permitted to see the substitute
after enlistment.
With few exceptions these brokers are the most reckless and dis-
reputable class of men to be found in the country, and were they
allowed free access to the recruits or substitutes after enlistment they
would entice and aid them to desert by the use of every artifice a
fertile imagination could invent.
Bov/ntiea. — It is respectfully recommended that instead of paying
large local bounties ''in hand" to recruits or substitutes, it be paid
into the Treasury of the United States, and that provisions be made
for its payment by installments extending through the term of service
for which the man enlists, and that the amount retained and unpaid
should be forfeited to the United States in the event of desertion, and
thus avoiding the inducements to desert for the purpose of jumping
other bounties, to those who enlist merely for bounty with a determi-
nation to escape on the first opportunity.
While Grovemment bounties only were paid the men enlisted were
of a good class and could be relied upon, but as soon as large local
bounties were offered and paid in advance a set of desperate charac-
ters presented themselves who would enlist and ''jump" bounties as
often as opportunities presented. A man now in the Albany Pen-
itentiary undergoing an imprisonment of four years confessed to
having "jumped the bounty" thirty-two times.
General Orders, No. 305, Adjutant-GeneraFs Office, series of 1864,
goes far toward preventing desertion up to the time that the recruit
arrives at his regiment and receives his first payment. With the first
payment he receives the bounty (retained until the recruit arrives at
his regiment, and paid at the time he receives his first payment, as
required by the terms of the order^, and with this usually la^ge
amount of money at his disiK)sal, if oi the class alluded to, he deserts
immediately.
Reporting and distributing credits. — ^Under existing orders monthly
reports of commissaries of musters and muster-in rolls are forwarded
to the acting assistant provost-marshal-general of the State or division
to which the musters are to be credited, and he (the acting assistant
provost-marshal-general), after taking the necessary data for credit,
is required to transfer the reports and rolls to the adjutant-general
of the State.
Credits are given from the reports, verified from the muster-in rolls.
It has frequently happened that the roll arrived before the report,
or vice versa. As a general rule the roll seldom accompanies the
report. To remedy this objection it is respectfully recommended
that, if practicable, the commissaries of musters should be required
to forward the rolls and reports together; otherwise there is no way
of verification, as the credits are distributed as soon as reports are
received by the acting assistant provost-marshal-general.
As the reports and accompanying rolls are both transferred to the
adjutant-general of the State, there is nothing left in the office of the
acting assistant provost-marshal-general to support his accounts in
the matter of distribution of credits, or for reference to settle ques-
tions concerning disputed credits.
The muster-in rolls contain all the information required by the
State authorities, and it is recommended that in case it is impracti-
cable for the commissary of musters to forward the report and rolls
together, the report be retained by the acting assistant provost-
marshal-general for his voucher, and that discretion be given him to
726 CORBESPONDENCE, ETC.
allow credits from the rolls in ease they arrive before the correspond-
ing reports are received, and that mustering officers be instructed to
indorse ui)on their rei)orts the name, place of credit, period of service,
organization for which mustered, and date of muster of each man
borne in numbers upon the report. This appears to me to be the
only method by which correctness in crediting men can be attained,
as, should errors be discovered in the numbers or names borne upon
the report, it can be immediately referred to the proper officer for
correction.
This method would require more time ia making up the report, but
the loss of time would be amply compensated by the facility with
which discrepancies could be discovered and remedied. Credits could
be satisfactorily distributed from the reports or rolls, whichever came
first to hand, and all questions of credits, bounties, ^c, adjusted
from them, names and locations being borne upon each. Numbers
alone afford no clue in an investigation.
Proposed amendmerU to section 23^ act of March 3y 1865, — ^The
following is respectfully suggested as an additional provision to sec-
tion 23, act of March 3, 1865: That when a call shall have been made,
and the quota of a sub-district assigned under such call, the percent-
age of the number required to the number enrolled in said suhhdistriot
be determined, say one in six, eight, or ten, as the case may be, and
that such number of men from the same sub-district, associating
themselves together and furnishing an acceptable substitute, enrolled
and liable to draft, or otherwise, he dischaiiged from further liability
under such call, and their names be kept out of the ''draft wheel''
should a draft take place.
Proposed amendment to section i-4, a/^t of March S, 1865. — ^It is
also recommended that section 14, act of March 3, 1865, be so far
modified as to allow persons to volunteer from a sub-district after it
shall have filled its quota under au}^ call, and be credited to any
locality within the district that they may select. By this action the
call would be more promptly fiUed, and no injustice done the sub-
district where the recruit resided, as, before a quota would be
assigned under a succeeding call the enrollment of the sub-district
would be corrected and reduced by reason of the above-mentioned
class of recruits being in the service, and quotas would be assigned in
accordance 'with such correction.
Draft, — It is not believed that any improvement can be made in the
method of conducting the draft as prescribed in the Revised Regula-
tions for the Government of the Provost-Marshal-General's Bureau,
and fully set forth in my report proper, under the head of "Drafting."
Experience teaches that the several calls made by the Government
since January 1, 1863, would not have been filled without resort to
the draft, and that the most effective mode of recruiting was by an
announcement of a call for troops, and the assignment of quotas to
the respective sub-districts, followed by a notice that unless the quota
was filled by volunteering within a fixed time a draft would be made.
The fifty days' grace allowed by law to fill quotas by volunteering
has in no instance proved sufficient. The fear of the draft has,
within the past two years, been the moving incentive in filling up the
Army and Navy with volunteers and substitutes for enrolled men, as
they are offered more freely because of the pressure of the draft in
abeyance. As soon as a call is satisfied, all efforts to recruit for the
credit of localities invariably cease, although convinced that another
UNION AUTHORITIES. 727
call must soon follow until renewed under the stimulus of another
call and the certainty of another draft.
In the opinion of the most loyal and intelligent men throughout
the country, the establishment of the Provost-Marshal-G^eneraPs
Bureau as the connecting link between the Government and the people,
placing the entire military resources of the country immediately in
the hands and at the disposal of the General Government, has proved
a most wise and effective measure for the suppression of the rebellion
and in the preservation of the Government against the machinations
of open enemies as well as the wiles and intrigues of secret foes; the
condition of the country being such at the time of its inauguration
that it would have been impossible without this measure to have fur-
nished men in available numbers to meet the pressing emergency
forced upon us.
The historian who would trace accomplished results to their true
and genuine causes must assign to the law constituting this Bureau
a most important place among the agencies by which the great work
of restoring the national authority has been so happily accomplished.
The true turning point of the war was reached when the first "draft
wheel" began to revolve, under the provisions of the act of March 3,
1863. The general effect of this law throughout the country has been
highly favorable to loyalty. No one department has brought its
operations so directly and closely home to the people, or has given
such a feeling of security, such a confidence in and such assurance of
the i)ower of the Government to preserve itself, conquer its enemies,
and protect all its citizens. Next to the success of ite arms, the abil-
ity of the Government to bring men into the field at its call, and the
manner in which it has been done by this Bureau in the execution of
the "enrollment act," in spite of innumerable and apparently insux)er-
able difficulties, has best demonstrated that power.
By the continuance of this Bureau the National Government would
not again become dependent upon the will and caprice of the various
State Governors, some of whom might, as in times past, be disposed
to cripple and break down rather than aid the national authorities.
In the services of a single officer in each district might be secured
the enumeration of the inhabitants, the enrollment of such as are
subject to do military duty, and the recruitment of the Army; and if
Congress should continue or establish an office in each Congressional
district throughout the country, combining in it the duty of collect-
ing and collating statistics for the Census, Pension, and other bureaus,
the interests of the whole country would be advanced, and Govern-
ment would have machinery in operation that could always be
depended on, either for collecting valuable statistics in time of peace
or recruiting its armies in time of war, and would be able to know
and to use its whole military strength at any moment.
It is impossible to review the history of the Provost-Marshal-Gen-
eral's Bureau without being impressed with the extent and importance
of its operations, and the skill and labor required to establish the
system throughout the land, and conduct it from nothing to its pres-
ent position of power and success, whereby the authority and
influence of the Government is felt in every ward and township
throughout the loyal States. Established in the darkest hour of the
struggle, the outgrowth of a stem and vital need, it has seen the dark-
ness disappear and the Nation saved, and once more on the high road
to prosperity and i)ower. How great has been its influence in bringing
728 COBBESPONDENCEy ETC.
about this result cannot yet be rightly determined. We can esti-
mate in words and figures the material force which it has brought to
bear upon the struggle, but how much influence it has exerted in
bringing into action the latent patriotism of the people, and to
strengthen their determination to fight the fight through te victory,
cannot yet be calculated nor resolv^ by statistics.
Too much credit cannot be claimed for the officers acting as assist-
ants to the Provost-Marshal-General for the various States and
divisions, and the district provost-marshals, who undertook their very
difficult and arduous duties amidst dangers, opposition, and almost
total want of sympathy on the part of the people, and yet by their
firmness, prudence, and constant labor were enabled to overcome all
opposition, and contributed largely toward establishing the Bureau
in the confidence of the people.
Boards of enrollment, with rare exceptions, were composed of men
of high character, respectability, and worth. By their unceasing
attention to their duties they have proved their earnest devotion to
the work assigned them. Having no precedent established by which
to be governed — the field being entirely new — the result of their two
years' labor establishes the practicability of the system under which
they were ordered to work.
As the people became better informed of the perplexing and respon-
sible nature of the duties pertaining to the position of the Provost-
Marshal-General, they have been convinced of the integrity and fair-
ness of his administration; and it is but just to add that his subordi-
nate officers, without exception, testify to his fair and decided man-
agement in instituting and organizing a new system, under new laws,
and the complete development of this system to its present practical
working perfection. They have been granted every facility necessary
for a faithful execution of their duties, and while the Provost-Miurshal-
General has exacted diligence and efficiency, he has maintained
toward them the highest official courtesy and forbearance, rendering
the service under him agreeable and satisfactory. Under extraordi-
nary trials he has borne himself with patience, courage, and nerve;
the world can never know or understand the many difficulties that
surrounded the chief of this Bureau, or how successfully they have
been met and overcome by him and his subordinates.
In conclusion I will add that the details of this branch (enrollment)
of the Bureau have been complicated and laborious, and the discharge
of the various duties pertaining to it has required industry and
intelligence.
The chief clerk, Alva L. Morris, and assistants have rendered
valuable aid in the prompt dispateh of business, and in the accurate
compilation of the records of this office, now in progress of comple-
tion. This work is unremitting and has been done with fidelity.
Respectfully submitted.
GEO. E. SCOTT,
Mqjor, Veteran Reserve Corps.
UNION AUTHORITIES.
729
Table 'NoA.—StcUement showing the enroUment of each ditMct in the loval
States on the 30th day of AprU, 1865, the date upon which eorrections eeaeed,*
RBCAPITULATIOBT.
luiM 4G, lii
NewHampthire ^.30i
V«nnoDt 23. :»
MuMMbiuelto tt^. S60
KhodelsUnd 14^ JM
CoBoeetioiit 4':,^
N«w York 4:SL4«I
NewJeney 70,085
PeimsylTttii* 21^.486
DeUware 7.l>11
Maryland Tm.,^
DiatrlotofCbliUDbia ]l^725
Waat Ytrgfaiia »1, 74«
Kantnoky 104, 0e2
Miaaonri 183,601
Ohio a0ft,M7
Indian* 153.288
nUnoU 874,400
Iowa 88,808
Michigan 75.848
Wlaoonaln ...-. 54,787
Minneaoto 18,568
28,028
Aggregate 2,254,063
Table No. 2.~~Chronological stcUement of the number of men called for by the
President of the United States, the periods of service, total quotas assigned, and
total number of men obtained under each call, from AprU 16, 1861. to December
19,1864,\
Table No. S.—StcUement of the number of men called for by the President of the
United States and the nuTnber furnished by each State and Territory and the
District of Columbia from April 16,1861, to June 30, 1866. \
* Detailed statement omitted in view of the recapitulation following,
t Omitted; bnt see later compilations, showing nnal adjustment of quotas and
credits, Vol. IV, this series, pp. 1^64-1269.
730
COBRESPONDENCEy ETC.
Table No. ^.-Statement of troqpa muBtered into the aerviee of the United8tate»
for a lees period than eix months (indtuUng all three-months^ men) not hereto-
fore eredued on any quota, since the commencement of the r^)eUion, but whkh
would have been proper credit upon a subsequent call, in accordance with pro-
visions of section 16, act of March 3, 1865,*
Periods of sonrioe.
1
ii
ll
0
:!8
SUttm
1
1
1
SB
UaiM
771
9SI2
782
4.068
8.147
2.402
16,022
8.128
20,176
1
771
782
11.918
8.147
2.402
22.562
8.892
27.850
1,297
900
4,720
48.611
18.606
20.944
781
"•S
4,816
10,591
1.091
198
279
195
8,157
787
6r«
•^s
7.147
865
22S
1.180
18,022
8.674
^ts
784
282
1.298
04
If 0W HamiMhire
i67 |!"II.*
91
▼emioiit
K
6,809
m
1.W
Khml^ TaUod
Ooimeftiftnt
209
KewYork
7,675
1,297
1.925
881
KewJeney
2.881
118
Haxylnd
WMtVinrinU
900
4.720
12,857
6.409
9,616
781
817
990
916
10.691
660
IS
PtetrkftofOolmnbiii
888
Ohio
86.264
7,197
11.828
......
4.841
1,191
in*
IndlaBA
niiooU
llkhigmi T . T.T
•
WlMfffliain r , , . .
2,184
281
MiaiiMoto
77
low*
MiMonri . ...
8.901
4»
883
^^^^^^***
441
91
ToUl
101.828
88,612
m
186,556
48.404
16,181
Table No. 6.—Final reports of the draft of July, 18e3,\
Table No. ^,— Recapitulation, draft of July, 1863,
StotM.
MaIm
New Hampehire.
Vennont • • .
ICaMMhaaetto...
BbodeldADd
Connactloat
Mew York
Penaeylrtiii*....
MaryUod
District of ColninbiA .
Miohigan
WiaoonaiB
16.080
8,002
7,074
82.077
4,821
11,539
95.705
82,814
2,454
5,619
5,798
6,424
14.935
1,729
329
385
2,880
240
938
15,772
11, 173
275
886
1,170
1.032
2.697
6
1
4
1
40
803
1,729
835
885
2,886
253
939
15,820
11.476
275
886
1,170
1,060
2.761
Total 292.441 89.415 447 13 30.875 252,666 9.881 26.002 61288 88,171
I
a
14.860
7.667
6.780
20.101
4.068
10,600
70,076
70,838
2,170
4.788
4,628
5,364
12.174
Held toaenrioe.
842
181
400
807
117
181
2,800
3,472
207
100
840
290
627
I
I
e
1.749
2,240
631
2.822
619
2,288
6.998
6,968
227
868
701
651
246
2
1,986
571
1.885
3,703
463
1.518
16.912
17.672
485
1,106
818
1.644
6,080
* These credits (as finally adjusted) are embraced in the abstract printed in
Vol. IV, this series, pp. 1264-1269.
t Omitted in view ox the recapitulation following in Table No. 6.
UNION AUTHORITIEB. 731
Tablb No. a.— Recapitulation, draft of JtUy, 186S—Continned.
Xzomptad for the foUowioK oauaas :
!
8
0,085
1,M7
2,109
.12,547
.' 1 824
CoBiMetleot !l silW
New York 25,701
PeBBaylTUiU 20,280
607
1,120
1,124
1.617
2,786
Delaware
Merrlftod
Distriet of Coliimbto . . .
Mkhtffui
226
125
876
146
884
2,724
2,020
100
278
280
88
264
ToUl 81,181 I 7,800 6,711
682
870
250
614
70
246
2,200
1,641
87
72
62
122
624
844
08
863
128
168
705
1,107
15
85
8
17
70
107
117
74
864
88
Ml
035
023
27
74
01
80
135
3,576 154 8,191 1,827
09
27
47
138
82
84
009
617
20
14
6
84
100
858
94
88
505
228
185
1,221
2,421
60
250
145
60
150
102 15,728
8i7
225
857
8,867
861
1,261
8,848
4,706
110
588
489
889
847
21,410
I
^
9
I
2
105
98
42
102
2,403
Kxempted for the following t
8Utee.
Maine.
New Hampehire. .
Rhode lalaad.
ConnecUcat
New York
PennayWaaia
Delaware
Maryland
Dietrict of ColamhU. <
Michigan
Total 4,796
I
09
54
85
235
68
160
2.038
1,413
80
165
180
48
177
447
258
183
1.017
236
820
2,515
1,410
43
16
413
67
228
7. 147 1 70
27
15
12
7 30
ii
8
*7i2
735 70
827
in
220
1.010
145
478
5.611
4,203
110
320
347
117
764
14,031
71
13
267
o ®
if
119
119
782
C0BRE8P0NDENCE, ETC.
Table No. d.—ReoajriitUatian, draft of July j i^^— Continued.
8tote«.
Maine
New Ham]Mhire .
Yennont
MaMaobiiMtto
BliodelaUDd
Oonneotieiit
New York
PenneylTanlft
DeUwftre
MarjUnd ,
Diitriot of GotambU.
WiMMMMin.,
Total..
Exempted for the foDowlDg c
I
72
.... 7
n
® 8 ()
m
1^§
1 I 7
118
UB
81
....i lai
10 S48
10 S17
Exempted for the following c
SUtea.
« i
I
6 P
I
1^
1^
h
I
New Hampahlre .
Vermoiit
Maaaaohoaetta . . .
M
'849
1»
Coonectioat
New York
PennaylTaniA
Delaware
Maryland
Diatriet of Colombia..
MIobigan
WlaoonaiB
11
213
46
97
126
1 6
tilt
54.111
42»?fL
Mia
Km
Total..
9 924
19
16
172
126
4 6
164«IK
RECAPITULATION, JULY. 1862.
Whole namber drawn 2n,441
Tailed to report 19,415
Diacharged, quota foil 447
Diacbarged per order 12
891875
Number examiaed 8S1S6I
Total Dumber exempted 164,386
Held toperaonal aerrioe..
Fnmlahed aabetitntea . . .
Paid commutation
9,881
26,602
52.288
88,171
I. in
UKION AUTHORITIES. 788
Tablb No. 7,^Final repartt of the draft of March Ut I864,*
Tablb No. 8.— iieoapthitofion, draft under eaU of March 14, IS64,
State*.
Kew HampslUra.
Mawrhnawtte...
New York
KewJeney
PsmiflylTaiii*
DdAwan.
Maryland..
Kmtoeky.
Ohio.
Miehigan.
I
I
1.573
847
9.605
11,713
18,620
23,384
2,081
11.408
0,186
18,648
2,087
4,004
Total.
. 118,440
182
47
2,287
2.656
2.552
7.890
889
3,812
2,072
8,103
740
879
17.100
82
1
44
100
107
448
6
4
801
67
27
1.227
164
102
2,881
2,852
2.0SO
8,801
889
8.818
2,«J77
8,477
818
J
1.400
145
7,174
8,861
10,861
21,088
1,009
7.880
0,509
15, 171
1,224
8,086
88,489
84,967
Held to •ervlce.
24
18
105
168
880
070
421
606
112
8,410
I
•a
I
500
27
748
2,008
2,488
006
16
848
581
943
92
71
8,911
121
89
1.615
1.167
4,170
10,040
061
2,588
8,241
0,290
828
1,087
82,078
741
128
1,408
4.488
0,968
11.880
1,007
8,806
4,198
7.829
627
1.401
45,000
State*.
Hew HMDpehin
Vemiont
ICMMehoMtte..
Hew York
Hew Jersey
PenneylTMita...
Delaware
Maryland
Kentnoky
Ohio
Michigan
Minneaota
Total
Bxompted far the following eaoaea :
423
94
2,006
2.888
2,079
5,090
369
2.150
1,392
8,900
515
1.060
21,478
15
2
1,083
082
602
1,228
84
402
242
037
95
118
5,125
54
5
894
824
000
966
075
807
096
27
218
I
I
42
404
90
154
90
85
4
18
I
i
12
5
177
200
244
547
87
45
873
26
86
1,810
17
3
48
87
190
402
42
131
102
Ml
11
123
2.124
118
118
10
1
U
22
88
81
00
6
24
270
* Omitted in view of the recapitulation following in Table No. 8.
734 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Table No. 8.—RecapittUcUion, draft under eaU of March 24, i^.f— Oontiiraed.
State*.
New Hampshire .
Vennimt
MaMaohosetta...
New York
New Jera^
PemiayWania . . . .
Delaware
Maryland
Kentucky
Ohio
Michigan
Minneaoto
Total
Exempted for the fidlowing
ll
534
612
1 27
42
15
112
7
301
I
il
•5
e
&
11 1
1
203
88'
I
61 { 19
166 I lis
30 12 I 111!
,.|.
201
1 G6
135 . 181
Stotea.
Sx«Mnpted for the following canaee :
u
i
r
?«5
ll
§
a
a
New Hampahire .
Vermont
Maaaachnaetta . . .
New York
New Jersey
Pennaylvania . . . .
Delaware
Maryland
Kentucky
Ohio.....
Michigan
MinneeoU
Total.
10
11
500
117
4.711
4.438
S.R7S
0.703
635
S.815
S.31I
7.842
607
1,637
10 I 7 I 24
11 I I 14
80.062
BECAPITULATION. MABCH 14, 1864.
Whole number drawn 113,446
FaUed to report 27,1«3
Discharged, quota full 1,»7
Diacharged, per order 60
2S.480
Number examined 84.857
Total number exempted 80,038
46,006
Held to personal serriee 8,418
Furnished subeUtutea 8,011
Paid commutation 32,678
45,008
Table No. d.-^Final reports of draft under call of Jidy 18, I864*
* Omitted in view of the recapitulation following in Table No. 10.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 735
Table No. lO.^RecaptttUation, draft under call of July JS, I864.
H<5lil to service.
States.
Haiae
New HampAhlre
Yermont —
Connectlciit
New York
If ew Jersey
PennsyWuia
Delairare
Maryland
Dlstriot of Columbia
We«t Virginia
Ken tacky
Kiaeoari
Ohio....
Indiana.
nUnois
MioMgan
Iowa
Wisoonain
Minneaota
Exempted for the following cauaea:
SUtea.
i
•5
1
i
1
1
1
a
c
•
^
1
i
!
u
0
1
1
a
i
1
P.
1
3
8
1
a
C
i
0
-0
g
s,
5
>q
<
fi
0
131
P
21
8
88
£
1^
H
8
M
Maine
1.993
15
7
76
2
72
8
1
5
KewHampakire
Yermont
64
f>
8
16
1
1
14
1 '
25
88
1,024
632
...
5
18
220
2
5
54
Connecticnt
1
6
4
3
51
17
212
2
43
*B*
2
19
....
New York
g
Mew Jeraey
17
3
115
259
1
198
31
88
142
11
....
Pennsylvania. .......
4,642
49
187
1,370
503
7
728
6
1,008
213
8*1
617
1,026
28
Delaware
678
1,492
7
4
13
195
148
385
38
81
65
17
ii2
107
72
4 '....
Maryland
44
19 : .
District of Columbia..
440
107
50 ....
12 ....
295
5
....
262
16
80
19
16
4
223
14
...... ie'::::
Weat Virginia
5
2| 1;....
Eentncky
2.557
2,811
34
6
109
17
578 481
202 ....
246
1.118
7
62
613
880
101
96
60
73
162
194
235
Miaaouri.
'ia';:::
Ohio
4,905
7,501
5,487
1,244
1,687
4,239
43
92
35
7
17
26
115
49
I
12
2
50
1,108 ....
495 ....
251 ....
248 ....
45
632
173
1.082
157
262
842
5
813
699
794
91
183
1,143
156
103
168
25
38
134
97
27
12
14
20
59
944
614
571
96
183
607
sii 1 22
Indiana
, 10 1 4
Illinoia
23 ....
Michigan
20' 3'....
Iowa.7
2 1 3
Wiaeonain
585
12' 4 1....
MinneaoU
978
11
406
....
125
....
273
12
19
211
157 1 |....
Total
42,589
375
556
6, 153 '490
6,455 1 84
7,882
1,362
580
4.744
2,111 •190, 9
736 G0BRB8PO1ID1&NCB, ETC.
Table No. lO.—RecapUtUation, draft under caU of July IS, 1^4— ContinTied.
BUtM
Exempted for the following
I
p
$
^1
1
I?
K
Mftine
Mew HampehfTe
YennoDt
Connectioat
VewYork
New Jeney
PeoDtylTaal*
DeUware
MarylMid
DUtriot of Columbia.
West VirgiiiiA
Kentocky
lilMonri
Ohio
Indian*
nUnoia
Michigan
Iowa
Witoontin
Hinneaota
107
111
1,873
1,538
2.790
Total.
11
146
97
35
12
144
113
874
6
14
12
173
21
22
41
45
7 6
10 102
1
246
574
348
Exempted for the foUowing o
i:
Statea.
it
1
a
M
1
1
5
j
1
1
fa
•el
"a
1
1
1
a
M
i
•cl
m
OQ
1
1
i
1
M
•
1
jf^ne
1 "" "
1.4tt
Naw TIamnahire . .
1
iS
Vermont "
1
143
ConneotJont. ..........
1
131
New York
1
1,671
1 966
New Jersey
• 1
■
Pennaylvania ....
« 1 1 "
2
6
12.016
Delaware
iS
Maryland
1
2.401
District of Colombia. .
1
^?S
West Virginia
Kentooky.
20
[
38 1 18
1 1 230
18
5 flO
Missoari.
....
5^493
Ohio
1
ta
11.094
Indiana
1
4
12.T36
Illinois
a
70
8.546
Miobican
1
17
Ssu
Iowa
2.446
Wiaoonsin
63
2
1
......
7 775
MinnesoU
2i430
. ^
**
,
Total
24 1 SJl
80
3
480 1 n
18
15
4
70
2
1
70
82.581
UNION ▲UTHOBITISS. 737
BBCAPITULATION.
Whole numbeir drmmi S31,918
Failed to report aa,lM
DtochATfBd, quote fkill 96,416
DlechATged, per order H07
- 93, sn
Komber exaBined 188,536
Totel nomb«r ezenpled 88,581
66)006
Held to perMMud aenriee 86,806
Furaished sabetitutee 86,608
Paid oommatafeion 1,896
56,006
Tablb No. 11,— Final reports of the draft under call of December 19, 1864.^
Table No. 12,-'Reoapitulationt draft under call of December 19, I864,
Maine
New Hampablre
Vermont ••
New rork
New Jersey
I'ennay iTania
Delaware
Maryland
Diiitrlct of Columbia
West Virginia
Kentucky
Miteouri
Ohio
Indlann
Illinois
Michigan
Wiaoonain
Minnesota
•as
Total
I
I
§
3, fiO
130
ige
Z\, 763
rf:.B97
], 130
r>. ];3
4.170
1.7M
\i20
4. r.74
I.IM
: 110
5.872
6.291
2.656
2,271
1,420
139.084 28,477
856
1
18
9,880
2,657
8,926
289
1.920
2.740
858
1,075
678
848
1,432
715
1,144
22
410
607
293
52
3,716
2,247
5,852
2
7
50
847
1,027
1.850
1,209
206
41
5
18,011
1.0
4
9.673
3,542
16.904
48
1,126
682
8,330
3,181
504
1,195
886
2,064
843
1,642
880
46,406
I
74
28,275
8.446
86,682
839
3.053
2,740
1,034
8,330
4,256
2.029
8.070
4,178
3.988
1.593
1,705
804
92,896
Held to service.
* Omitted in view of the recaintnlfition following in Table No. 12.
47 R R— SERIES ni, VOL V
738 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Tabls No. 12.—ReeapittUaHon, draft under call of December 19, /^.f^— Cont'd.
Statea.
Maine
Kew Uampahire
Vennont
New Turk
KewJerney
Peunaylvania
Delaware
Maryliind
DifttrictorCuluiiibia
W eat Virginia ,
Kentacky
Miatouri
Ohio
Indiana
lllinole
MicbiKftn
Wiaconitin
Minnesota
MS
Total
Szempted for the foUowlsg c
I
•a
K
1
'9
i
J^
1 i^
s
1 \s
5
1
22
6
2,934
1,385
3,672
365
716
280
189 I
87
177 1
418
1.002
727 ,
884 i
438
180 ■
162 I
14,210 I 104 1.049
Exempted for the following
oanaes:
SUtoa.
1
Drafted twice.
Deserters.
i
J
1
1
All other caaaea.
Promoted.
1
I!'
0'&
Ili^ue
1
1
1 '
1
Mew Hampshire
:::;:;i::::::
Vennont
New York
8
1
17
15
27
2 ( 1
1 1 1
»4
2091 1| 6
New Jer»ey
Pennsylvania
Delaware
1
! »
■«|:::::.
67
...... ;.^....„.
5 i
Maryland
23
1
1
... 1
DiMtrictol'C!olunibia .
14
37
3
I
1
j
"mI::::::
WeetVirnlnia
Kentucky
1
1
1 u
Misaoorl . ..
:.::::l..."
Ohio
5
14
8
** ** i
a
2
Indiana
!
Illinois
1
1
Michigan
90
7
Wisconiiin
Minnesota
1
Kansaa
2
'
:::::*:::':::::::::::!
Total
131 • 1J>
28
2
G
20
1
71
243
1
50
61 ! 12
1 "I
UNION AUTHORITIES. 739
Table No. 12.— Recapitulation, draft under coil of December 19, 186Jh-Cont'di.
Xvempted for tbe following causes:
SlalM.
•8
i
•a
OD
1
1
1
1
j
R
M
1 .
1
^
1
1
%
i
.
\
^i^fn^
1 1
781
lifeY HiMDpfthf fv
*'
25
Vennont
22
New York
...
7,182
New Jersey
1
2,792
8,448
PenBsylTMiia
I^ln^i^f^ ^^
19
5
1
...J
1
570
Maryland
2
11 j 46
1
4
::: 'i;:::':
1,505
845
DlAtriotof Colombia
2
9
1
1
West Virginia
::::i::::::
1
847
Kentucky
i
^
1
00
Miseoorl
1
288
Ohio
...J
,
1,815
2,742
) 008
Indiana
48
2
....
28
»
812
Illinois
Michigan
1
12
1 ......
u
1 330
Wisconsin
735
Minnesota
18
378
Kansas ..........
1
I
.4^
1
2ST
"T""'"
ToUl
19
8
54
«
11
99
1
4
2
11
1 1 nil
u
SB.tttJ
RECAPITULATION.
Whole number drawn 189,024
Failed to report 28.477
Discharged, quota full 18,011
Discharged, per order 48,408
02.898
Nnmber examined 48,128
Total nnmber exempted 28,831
Held to personal service 0,845
FumUhed substitutes 10,192
Paid commutation 400
17,497
17,487
Table No. 18. — Estimate of the number of men to whom U. S, bounty hoe been
paid, tlie amount paid each man, and the total amount paid, from May S,
1861, to tlie end of the uxir,*
♦Omitted ; see explanatory foot-note (♦), p. 687.
740
CORBE8PONDBNCE, ETC.
Table No. H.—Table of bounties, other than U. 8.
OslUoflflSS.
CaU of Much 14, 1884.
Call of July 18,
W64.'' 1
8totMMiddii«rfoU.
a
0
e
t
i
r
it
S
0
1
1
s
0
-5
i
MAurx.
Pint District
$200.06
384. 0S>
$108.86
684&14
808.84
366L23
488.00
848L18
Second Dtatrici
Third District
208.88
lV>arth District
208.00
1
Fifth District
106.80
100.28
Total
1
mw BAiipmiRB.a
First District
8417.00
446.00
401.00
$1,045,818.00
087.674.00
807,028.00
848. 0(
486.00
8878.188.00
876,024.00
344.823.00
$883.08
788.08
Second District
Third District
797 08
ToUl
First District
241.11
812. (12
145.82
274.67
28118
100.75
608.106.00
767,868.00
464,570.28
610.41
j
Second District
68&85 704.88
Third District
643.6a 7«i«k
Totsl
MASaACHUSBTTB.
First District
800.00
88.00
117.22
160.00
158.58
40.00
40.00
148! 00
262.50
118.78
208.06
482.81
171.82
182.44
8.87
101.84
8.(«
185.00
110.61
116.60
206.98
188.88
166.00
208.00
226.00
'
Seeond District
Third Didtrict
Fonrth District
225.00;
187.001
331.00'
Fifth District
Kixth District
127.00
880.00
71.22
800 00
402.74
Seventh District
58.58
57.52
800.00
74.12
488.50
Eighth DUtrict
Ninth District
224.86, 187 88
804. 56 864. 88
Tenth District
488.44 9fltM
Total
1
Gmnd total
BRODB ISLAHD.
First District
i
Second District
Total
1
OONNBCnCCT.
First District
661,486.61
6258.87
646,832.17
e891 07^
S«KMnid District
158. :«,
43X SO
Third District
Fourth District
207.86.
Total
RBW TOKK.
KPOwcasm XAviSwik
First District
278.58
800.00
800.00
800.00
88,060.00
108.600.00
138.100.00
824.88
8oo!oo|
850.00
284.82
248.82
806,888.57
678.000.00
1,210.600.06
688.36
284.72
286.23
568.38
Second District
Third District
in.00
2l3w08
a Inolndes oalla of
frAyerageoost,
of October, 1888. and February 1, 1884.
indadinf colls of 1868 and FeWaaiy, 1864.
UNION AUTHORITIEB.
boumty^ pcM from the beginning to the end of the late tear.
741
CMlofJaly
18. ISM.
CaUof
«.l
li
i
h
867.51
8IQ.a2
40B.OO
$3,533,388.68
1.444,848.88
3.064,366.00
642.137.00
1,134,406.00
7,887, 6a. 07
$1,880,074.00
1.388.675.00
1.310,310.00
8646.00 8441.00L00
637.00 438,834.00
686.87i.00
086,463.00
885,887.81
1.081,333.17
1,601,888.01
188, 86a 00
838,16a 00
606.06
653.81
476.51
3,481,076.00
3,045.506.00
3.088.730.00
The aetiDK ,
BUinbal of KAine r«porto bit
•Utement incomptoto tma hto
Inability to obuin infoniiAtioii
fron nuiy townt.
Airerace nader call of 1863. 8tfli
nnidw liar. 14, 1864. 8406; iind«r
1,313.00
Jolv 18, 1864, 8745; under Dee.
1, 1864, 8888. Avenge ooei per
rallealU.|W7.88.
18.1
4X1,036.00
586.74 401,684.00
483.87 183,686.78
146.46
175.00
178.00
171.00
186.00
160.00
833.80
808.88
414.75
188.86
138.54
164.01
14a 08
175.34
304.
186.
808.86
808.03
83a 13
74a 18
383.38
318.88
74a 18
8iaoo
1.411,084.00
3,144.60a 00
973.054.86
4,8Ba774.8B
872.
1.479,
1.300.
1.908,
1.070,
1.461.
1.888,
1.110.
1,876.
1,814,
68a 83
790.04
81
m
00
987.87
500.88
904.00
618 00
144.00
Under call of Mar. 14, 1804. an
Indnded callaef Oot.. 1888, and
Feb. 1864.
Tbe aTerege ooet per man ia ;
correet at tbe information oi
13.109.486.41
10.766,184.95
88,966,560.36
330.79a 88
489. 97a 38
880. 76a 60
8,139.100.31
1.134,80a74
a 839, 839. 10
l,383.80ai3
Aggtegate additional bonntlea
paidby tbe Stete wbicb <
be apeofled by districts.
In tbis State the amounts cannot
be divided under the diflbrent
calls. This aggregate is taken
from tbe report of tbe adjutant-
general of tbe State.
Acting assistant proYost-marsbal*
general reports that this is all
the information he can obtain.
a887.654.87
811,869.67
406,475.00
446,800.00
8,088,fi0a45
1,469,885.00
bounty paid, call of 1888,
; Mar. U; 1884,8388.481
8, 141, 560. 00^ July la 1864, 8889.38 ; Deo. 19,
iwil
8897.
« Arerage ooet, ineladiag all calls of 1888 and 1884.
742
COKBB8FONDENCB, ETC.
Tablb No. 14.— TViMe ofUmMm^ cither
StetMuddirtrleto.
Cdkofisai.
H
t
(MlofKanhU,UM.
CaUorjvlyU,
Li
mw TOiuC'-cointinned.
Fourth DUtriot
Fifth Distriet
Sixth Diatriot
Sereath District
Eighth District
Kinth District
Tenth District
1800.00
800.00
800.00
( 800.00
800.00
800.00
|M^700.00
14»,7OO.0O
100.800.00
90,100.00
118,100.00
64,900.00
801,800.00
800.00
800.00
800.00
800.00
800.00
1800.00
[(348.981
800.00
800.00
800.00
968.600.00
916. 000. 00
} 144,900.00
180.
117.000.90
116.100.00
l,806»60O.00
«I30.77
999.80
999.89
971.72
976.99
Total.
JTofCk^m Diviiion.
mcTonth District —
Twelfth District
Thirtsenih District..
Foortesnth District..
Fifteenth District....
Sixteenth District....
Serenteenth District.
Eighteenth District..
Kineteenth District..
Twentieth District...
849,016.46
46,668.62
800.00
/a812.S0
\ 140. 18
ra806.66
L 821.691
raaoo.oo
1168.66
178.41
84, in. 44
48.28
160.00
18,200.00
189,806100
ra844.96
[ 800.00
286. 6i
ra986.06
[766.97
487.84
ra8oa.oo
[800.00
Total.
VMfsm DfvMon.
Twenty-iirtt Dietrict . .
Twenty-second Die-
Twenty-third District
Twen^-fonrth District
Twenty-fifth District. .
Twenty-nixth District.
Twenty-scTenth Die-
Twenty-eighth District
Twenty-ninthDistrict.
Thirtieth Dlntrict
Thirty-first District...
60.00
146,280.00
182,900.00
106.060.00
177,114.11
880.00
122.72
792.400.00
876.00
298L00
87. SO
74.42
244,967.28
108,060.00
280.000.00
81L80
226.60
800.00
Totsl.
First District . . .
Second District .
Third District...
Fourth District .
Fifth District...
900.00
L00\
62&00
282.66
86129
814.06
872.14
TMsl..
.FMtem DMaion.
First District...
Seeond District.
Third District..
Fourth District .
Fifth District...
SUth District...
9,690.00
12100
900.00
• Cell of Febmsry 1.
171.000.001
964.48
280.00
284.69
288.68
816.86
810.861
6
616.600.00
613,803.74
787,626.00
628,220.00
884.848.11
448,70100
1,175,927.00
646.796.04
1.197,900.00
687,909.001,006.00
480.00
88147
748,600.00
706.766.86
1,406.096.00
927,666.00
625,000.00
408,460.00
544,000.00
660.700.00
66L4
700.00
799,99104
999,500.00
996.68100
998,089.16
724,918.60
996.99190
It77
(1188)
17179
297.66
290.80
4m 09
660.66
L17
72108
74100
67188
917.77
600.00
425.27
50174
691 97
60199
41191
47175
il7.~
UNION AfrrHOBrriBs.
Ukm U. 8. hownitfi, ^te.— Continued.
748
Cftllof Jvly
18.18M.
Oin of DMMibw 19« liM.
9 .
a
r
13.
27,200.00
96,400.00
12.000.00
81000.00
16,000.00
1. no. 800. 00
$401.97
418.87
494.04
419.85
861.76
868.18
700.00
791,445.00
1,705.558.84
2,060,025.00
» 88. 875. 00
2,501.812.81
078,566.78
1,104,006.00
J. 488. 558. 00
1,784,078.76
1,064,000.00
1.502,800100
988,000.00
1,011,575.
2,227.514.20
2,281,900.00
1.811.150.00
1,718,886.00
9.464,160.72
1.263,189.00
800.000.00
1,415,100.00
207,000.00
772,800.00
427.405.00
452.008.80,
560,300.71
1,007,683.00^
$408.87
419.87
484.94
(472.76)
419.85
854.50
868.18
477.
$61,000.00
190,200.00
184,000.00
169.20a00
61.50^.00
64,800.00
1,011.500.00
$148,200.00
588.100.00
r 464,800.00
[aO,504,89L68)'
406,500.00,
828,600.00
261.100.00
4,188,600.00
33,610,875.18
497.00
568.98
688l46
569. $2
258 .00.00
779,090l56
700,800.00
680.5(10.00
898,182.00
1,582,045.00
8. 841, 159. 60
8.544,018.82
149.085.00
4,986,066.45
617.95
506.70
618.40
668.42
56a 00
980,852.60
817,706.00
081,450.00
888,898.00
702,411.84
798,900.00
1,728,588.78
1,871,504.00
81,450.
8,497,478.00
3,04«,47«.64
4,078,800.08
27.158,68L00
500.00
574. 18
700.00
700.00
571.75
550.00
806.31
660.00
769,112.00
719.600.00
740,685.00
886.106.76
670.000.00
728.000.00
648,218.00
680.868.00
464,941.00
600.000.00
568,560.00
2,965,589.00
2,708,800.00
3.505,760.00
8,996,592.98
8,860,900.00
4,455,575.00
8,284,868.00
8,984,480.00
2, 239, 64a 00
2,374.000.00
2,659.650.00
36,960,221.88
635.00
029.82
508.64
643.85
794.49
497.81
409.18
418.91
475.76
504.80
551.67
479,600.00
461,518.00
855,894.68
603,651.44
883,226.12
e Paid by Steto.
748,195.44
1,305,075.04
2,141.800.00
1,814,811.00
2.295.902.69
].889,(»31.66
3,187,214.19
Ftgnna within the Imtmo ohev
only aoKnint* paid to rMrulto
pat into Mrrice throof h d1*>
> triet proTMt-inanlwU.
Flgnno in ( ) an taken fhraa re*
port of O. filnnt, eeq., and in*
clnde aTerage and anregate
ezpenditorea for booaUee for
the county ofNew York ( Fonrth
to Ninth Diatrieta, ineloalva).
Thia statemtet
. la _. _
to obtain,
All the information wbioh could
be obtained from the anthori-
ties by tbia Boreaa. The total
or grand aggregate la an eati-
mate of the comptroller of the
treaaoxy of the State.
Amount paid by the oity of Phil-
adelphia through citiaena and
veteran bounty oommitieM, Ao.
744
CORKE8PONDEKCE, ETC.
Tablb No. 14.— Table of bounties, oiher
Calls of 1863.
CaU of March 14. 1664.
Call of July 18,
1864.
SUtM ADd distrioto.
<
t
h
E
G
<
1
Y
1
a
d
t
<
r
It
t
<
pBicmTLVAifiA— cont'd.
Seven th Diairlot . .
1
a|64,24O.00'
76,108.00
103,028.00
60, 2oO. 00
1300.00
26H.43
255.00
801.82
811.84
804.26
61 067 100 00
1
6B4.2S
339 6-.
Slffhth District
f 115.61
807.559.00
492,281.00
781,320.00
Ninth Diatriet
681 36
Tenth District
60.00
166.62
437.43
Eleventh DUtrict
Twelfth District
6 $61. 10
0143,402.80
608.042.16
827,884.00
440.6»
4M.71
Total
Fefttm Dfvifion.
Thirteenth DiKtr let . .
6250.00
260.00
260.00
lUO.OO
217 00
130.00
250.00
200.00
100.00
125.00
«» mi
6475.00
440.00
450.00
500.00
862.00
435 Otf
340.00
440.00
K-jii rt f** nth Dint rift . . .
Fi n O01] I ?i Difttr ic t . . . . .
450.00.
&Jiit««ijLbi DkHtrict ....
flOOLOii'
8evf!ntcvnlh Iti-irLct.
V^^
KlffhtM^ntJi l>JBtri'rt
265 OU
MSR <kn
K^inetef'iith iVI^tiif t ..
3UO.OO! 800. 00
500. OUi 600 QO
Tweiitlvili DJiftrici ..
250. Oo' 350. 00
150.00 ISA Mk
Tw('ntT-rtr>it Ui«iTrit;t. .
160. 00 200. 00
475.00
447.00
500.00
450.00
50o'o6>'
194. OU 814.94
200. OOi 205. 00
275.00' 800.00
251 0&
Twenty third DlHlrlut.
T w«jit J foil rtb Die triot
Total
605. QO
47S.(lO
DBLAWARK.
Delaware
71.26
345,715.68
361.01
First District
Second District
,
837.57
571.21
104.82
9.00
848,963.50
1.428,017.50
413,066.00
29.990.00
4JU 1A
Third District
57ft. Q
Fourth District
154.78
Fifth District
30-51
Total
1
DIBTBICT OF COLUMBIA.
District of Columbia. .
WWT vuwunA.
First District
188.00
134.00
80.00
226.00
175.00
88.00
804.00
816.00
Second District
Third District
'"1
Total
KKRTUCKT.
Sfrst District
■ ■■ i
Second District
1
Third District
V.W.'.VS'"""
Fourth District
Fifth District
Sixth District
1S7.06
3.48
Seventh District
Biffhth District
Ninth District
85iMS
Total
1
a Call of 1862, bounty paid to 124th Pennsylvania Volunteers.
6 Cans prior to 1866.
UNION AUTHOSITIES.
U, 8. bounty, dte, — Cantlnned.
746
Call of July
u^imT^
CiOlof I>ManlMrlt,1864.
[
1
i
't
1
Rflmtfki.
$481,160.00
1,128.874.00
825.887.00
807.603.00
6sB0.044.00
088.216.00
0680.84
866.18
616.18
486.68
472.96
487.63
0513.900.00
748,582.00
843,443.00
671. 158. 00
588,808.00
287,211.00
02,126,800.06
2.762.623.00
2.204,588.00
2,410.881.00
1,068.851.96
1,143.810.00
26,000.314.06
1626.00
585.00
600.00
600.00
400.00
475.00
600.00
700.00
525.00
512.00
.V0.00
626.00
680.00
685.00
500.00
600 00
53a 00
476.00
600.00
500.00
660.00
636.07
566.00
650.00
864,700.00
A Ati n 9 HflA imt«n t tvrt%vamt.mmrmhml.
2,200,000 00
1,148,268.00
927.838.96
1.221.730.00
1,438.906.00
035,100.00
1.210.350.00
2.200.877.00
8.220.600.00
1.100,400.00
M utu oorreot as can be ob*
Uioed.
17.164.671.06
774,708.01
282.06
116,175.37
1.136.590.06
All tb« inrormatioii which cab be
obtoined. The grand asgre-
gate U nearly oorreet, butthe
aggregates ander the diffBreni
All tbe information which can be
1,756; 477! 50
8,605.472.60
1,401.256.00
130.787.00
66i645.60
887,066.00
148.287.00
20,000.00
868.48
227.70
368. 800. 66
900 iilA m
obtained. Tbe grand aggre-
gate is nearly correct, bnt the
aggregates under the different
oaDa cannot be exacUy divided.
570.02' 84s!ai'Iuo
120.10
78,807.00
6,271,802.00
75.00
461.00
880.00
200.00
184,010.00
laoh, only bounties paid was
076 per man (no oall suted).
City still disboTsing.
This information inomdes only a
portion of the State. The act-
general thinks it wttl be im-
poesible to obtain any IVirther
bf^mation.
6e6,866w00
214,570.00
68,805.00
864,787.00
4.00
80.06
8,400.00
16,800.00
8,400.00
15,800.00
the State.
177.77
184.01
.80
282.856.06
96,080.00
1,017.00
282,856.66
886,810.00
7.817.00
280.880.00
0,800.00
s2,ooaoo
88.78
16,800.00
47.900.00
002,6n.00
e Indndes amonnt paid prior to 1868.
746
OOBRiSSPOHDEVCK, BTC.
Table No. 14.— TtaUc vf tomfje*. oOcr
CUb of UK.
I
|l
I
Cfef] «« Mweh u, ia«^
Odt«f Ja^ia
1
^1
t
-*s
rf rat Di<itrict .
Second District .
Third DUtrict.
Foiiitli Diatrict .
Fifth DUtrict .
Sixth DUtrict.
Seventh DUtrict.
Eighth DUtrict
Ninth District .
Tenth DUtrict.
EUrenth District..
Twelfth DUtrict.
Thfrteeath DUtrict .
Fourteenth DUtrict.
Fifteenth District.
Sixteenth DUtnrt.
Serenteentb DUtrirt.
KieliteenthDiMri«t..
Vineteenth DUtrict .
TotiJ
HTDIAITA.
First DIstriet
Seeond DUtrict
Third DUtrict
Fourth DUtrict...
Fifth District
Sixth DUtrict
Serenth District ..
Eighth DUtrict...
Ninth District....
Tenth District....
Elerenth DUtrict .
Totid
iLLorois.
First District
Second District
Third District
Fourth District
Fiah District
Sixth DUtrict
Seventh DUtrict....
Eiehth District
Ninth DUtrict
Tenth District
Eleventh District...
Twelfth District ....
Thirteenth DUtrict .
Total
MICBIOAir.
First District ...
108.20
Second DUtriot .
Third DUtriot...
Fourth DUtrict .
Fifth DUtrict...
Sixth District . . .
Total.
100.00
102.00
150.00
S0A.0O
154.00
150.00
SSflt 587.45
809,150.45
75,825.00
84,800.00
70.20
50.84
70.071
49.11
55.26
298.4
221.2
121.^
188.00
18L(
110.84
118.30
98.07
25.00
125.00
275.00
800.00
40.89
/al50.00
\ 150. OU
/al38.00
\ 155.00
fa200.00
i 950.00
ra204.0O
i 190.00
/al70.
\ 188.00
/al75 00
A 190.00
298.40
221.20
121.72
188.88
18L00
50.
40.00
25.00
45.00
10.
•18l^4a&.09 8aS.8M 8IM.77'
177.708.8» 868. 0« 2HL42f
997,980l80' 98.8M 98L09
288,8681001 480.M 480.0»
119,900.00 250.001 258. OOi
114.400.00 386.00' 888.00
78.900.00 500.00. 500.001
224.014.00; 445.00; 445^00^
190.400.00 40a00 400.081
219.800.00 125.00^ 129l00i
181,088.00 8i8.2»; 814.81
190.450.00 278.00^ 111.M
261.500.00 800.0M 800.001
92.400.001 800.0« 800.001
150,140.00' 879.561 188. OOi'
185,980.00 450.00; 247.00
198.500.80 40a00 400.00
I
29, 900. 00 285. OOI 28Su 00
87.501 87.50
10,876.00' 281.02' 28L9K
12,272.00! 278.48 t7C48^
48.878.10{ 818.85. 818.05;
820. OO! 820. 00
444.10 444.10
121.40 121
252.00^ 8n.00|
14.520L0O
81800.00 282.75 282.75
445,214.40
809,800.00
175,750.00'
725.00
18,825.00
560.00
8,100.00
also. 89 \
185.76r
al81.71\
191.02/'
0205. 10 \
282. 571/ •
al54.06j\
181.3llr
0242. 87 \
283.15/'
O180.48
175.
I.48\
.92/
477.881
579.85
504.00
880.51
739.11
400.00
.065.96
850.00
25.07
882.50
470.00
274.20
800.00
325.00
800.00
87SwOO
300.00
287.00
250.00
275.001
2saooi
250L00
800.00
275.00
270.00^
225. Od
2oaoo'
250.00
175.00
125.00
345.14
350.81
88119
800.07
88144
20198
aCoU of February 1. 1884.
UNION AUTHOSrriBS.
tktm U. SL bonaUg, <ftc— Ckatinaed,
747
c»u«rj«i7
OfeUofDMMBbwl*. 1864.
1
1
1
-4
i
<
\
Brnvk*.
$ft73.979.00
8880.00
8881.22
8848.480.00
81.006.180.00
68l.M0.00
878.00
881.00
473.600.00
1,268.100.00
974.085.00
428.00
426.00
638.57&00
1,282.080.00
as, 400. 00
400.00
400.00
808,000.00
888,400.00
70S. 000. 00
442.00
442.00
512.048.00
1,477.048.00
oiT.ooaoo
510.00
510.00
641.190.00
1.878,000.00
228,004.00
487.00
487.00
272,848.00
828,009.00
281.400.00
610.00
510.00
288.160.00
646,460.00
OKI. 006. 00
646.00
545.00
926,212.00
1.872.751.00
447.000.00
86a 00
860.00
897.800.00
1.085,800.00
486,078.00
800.00
800.00
806,000.00
963.676.00
006.187.00
474.26
468.60
688,651.00
1.569,881.00
081.000.00
600.00
500.00
525.000.00
1.085. 86a 00
440.100.00
500.00
600.00
478.000.00
l,8ia360.00
268.660.00
475.00
600.00
663.280.00
989.200.00
aao.168.00
516.18
604.00
68&,176.00
1,746,804.00
748.060.00
800.00
600.00
406.760.00
l,468,50a00
647.900.00
460.00
450.00
476,160.00
1.400, 76a 00
028.106.00
460.00
400.00
683,000.00
1.786.906.00
28. 607. 878. oJ
846.76
845.75
626,235.40
814.722.85
100.00
200.54
200.54
31.160.00
31,860.00
854.02&8S
834.10
834.10
614.208.32
879,506.04
282.801.00
888.50
838.60
418.870.00
721,462.00
144.228.78
862. 2^
862.25
146,002.06
046.160.82
890.460.00
872.40
872.40
662.209.21
1.461.740.21
808.470.00
446.10
446.10
810,000.00
1.203,530:00
126.000.00
488.25
488.25
1.075,000.00
1.200,000.00
204,880.00
405.25
406.26
885,818.00
604,168.00
**"B66,'66d.'oo
iiL'ob
iii'oo
""886,'9i5.'66
"i,'6i9,'2i6.'66
9,188,864.08
876.386.26
687.27
400.00
1,860,735.64
8,182,886.29
In this toUe the iTttace oMt per
642.480.00
608.08
480.00
1.126.520.00
2, on. 600. 00
627.484.00
600.47
460.00
1,876.801.88
2,306,861.01
M oomet M it eoald be givon.
08.600.00
862.62
820.00
911.908.00
971.228.00
672,905.00
606.56
400.00
1,770.700.00
8,348.674.00
456.000.00
600.00
4oaoo
648,600.00
1.050,425.00
188,785.00
845.88
500.00
1,068,002.00
1,272.287.00
844.750.00
850.00
800.00
706,850.00
1,111,000.00
8,400.00
374.00
280.00
418,200.00
421.000.00
20,700.00
886.27
200.00
686,748.00
616.409.00
821.06
200.00
288,800.00
292.80a 00
"*"*»i.*286'66
400.00
350.00
496,000.00
1,886.860.00
84.660.00
800.00
200.00
140,400.00
174, 06a 00
17,290,206.80
875.00
506.06
1,610.809.00
828.00
440.22
i.49e.ooaoo
876w00
606.65
1.846, 06a 00
1,48a 172. 00
400.00
364.15
370.00
888.06
1.662.618.00
885.00
804.06
1.662,400.00
9,084,866.00
748
COBBBSPONDBNCE, ETC.
Table No. 14.— TVi&fe ofbomMet, oiher
Galls of laet.
OaIloriCaMhl4,U64.
GaUorJnlyU.
1884.
BtatM and dtmieU.
a
0
o .
i
<
it
•5
g
li
1
0
0
e .
F
l|
First District
a$107.535.44
0282,845.00
0120.288.63
S28S.287.00
8$2]7.54
Second District
$76,556.00
888.628.23
Third District
Foorth District
$180.00
100.00
12S.0O
Fifth DiNtrict
$100.00
•/SO.0O
800.00
800.00
Sixth District. -
Total
IOWA.
First District
$21.56
82.06
131.55
64.87
78.53
179.01
81.974.00
26.160.20
41.418.00
128.016.00
66.807.00
62,700.00
$30.68,
260.72^
446.79^
117. OBj
5&17
Second District
87,186.00
218.686.00
Third District
Fkrarth District
Fifth District
8,666.66
also, 223. 00
Sixth District
$171. 20
Total
MOfNiaOTA.
First District
200.00
200.00
100.00
800.00
100.00
800.00
800.00
275.00
800.00
Second District
S7S.0i-
Total
mubouri.
FlntBiatrict
188.08
75.86
•7,726.00
19L18
gerand Di^trlot
Third UiBtrJHt
5a 00
Ftturtli Dliitr1j?t
Firtrb Hivitrlct
100.00
tt.44
124.31
Sirth Diitiict
. .. . ..
B«T&nth l>f»rrict
100.00
100.00
18.100.00
Kiffbth District
Ninth District
1
lOLM
Total
1
KAMSAB.
Northern District
1
1
Sonthem District
1 ::
Total
I
1
ainolndes hoontiea paid in 1861, 1862, and 1868.
6SeeJaly.l864.
UNIOH ▲UTH0BITIB8.
than U. S. bounty^ <fte.— Continaed.
749
Call or July
18.1804.'
Can of D«M0mlMr 18. 1804.
1
■*»
0
a
i
1
Banarlu.
$484. 814. 23
331,786.00
356,758.29
8304.58
0314,874.64
481,347.00
440.347.28
d 1,224. 882. 00
8917.824.31
/ 255,545.50
\ 1,172.534.00
/ 697.871.00
). 257, 067. 38
06,866.00
1.458.148.00
AmooBt iMdd by tax and private
Amoant which eannot U sUtad
885.63
300.00
325.00
under aepamte caUa.
Paid snbctituteii.
5.855.366.18
Impoeaible to obtain ftirther ia
formation
2.540.00
48. 828. 50
403.780.00
80.517.00
6. 050. 00
77.080.00
$104.41
319.78
18.080.00
64,278.50
54.584.00
224.504.29
668,818.00
217.848.00
89, 440. 00
865,032.00
182.33
120.18
876.76
14.285.00
18.583.00
106,030.00
1.615.171.20
300.00
275.00
800.00
275.00
1.087,462.00
068,002.00
2,000,464.00
406,826.00
67.23
476.661.60
1.142.95
2,000.00
genoral reporto that thia is the
1,142.85
3,000.00
17.700.00
84,480.00
148.800.00
88,864.00
100,875.00
88.86
800.00
883.56
8,810.00
85,400.00
147.785.00
03.200.00
117.660.00
21,610.00
60.880.00
315,685.00
177,164.00
218.025.00
201.45
1.282,148.65
203.86
200.00
170.00
37.83
58,207.00
4.200.00
58.207.00
4,200.00
Mo boantlM paid in State, ezoept
nnder call of Dec. 19, 1884.
57,406.00
tflnelndee prior oalla.
d Includea all calls fbr the year 1864.
760 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Document No. 7.
Report of ^'Deserters* Branch,'^
Pbovost-Mabshal-General's Office,
Washington, D. C, December SI, 1866.
Brig. Gen. James B. Fry,
Provost-MarshaJrGeneral, Washington, D. C:
General : I have the honor to submit my report of the proceedings
of the ''Deserters' Branch" of your Bureau since its organization in
the spring of 1863, and have prefixed a few pages about the arrest of
deserters before its establishment.
The *' paper work" of arresting deserters (to which this branch has
been confined) has not been liable to many changes, and I have had
but few improvements to suggest, considering that, as now consti-
tuted, the branch is in an effective condition. I have given a sketch
of its working, which will suffice to reorganize it if needful, and
which forms an index to its records.
Until September, 1861, arrests of deserters were made in conformity
with section 152, Army Regulations, which offered $30 reward for the
apprehension and delivery of a deserter to an officer of the Army at
the most convenient post or recruiting station; and at that time Gen-
eral Orders, No. 73, substituted a reward of $5 instead of $30. This
sum included all expenses, and but few deserters were arrested—
these chiefly by citizens.
In April, 1862, General Orders, No. 36, Adjutant-Greneral's Office,
laid the duty of ** collecting stragglers " and deserters on the military
commanders of cities, nothing being ordered with regard to coun-
try districts. This was the first organized attempt to arrest and pun-
ish the many deserters from our volunteer forces then at large.
In June, General Order 61 called attention to the great number of
officers absent on leave, and notified all such that they would be con-
sidered ''absent without leave" unless found at their posts within
fifteen days from the date of the order, or excused by the Adjutant-
General on prox>er certificate of disability. Those still unfit for duty,
but able to travel, were to report at Annapolis, or Camp Chase, Ohio,
for examination and medical treatment, or discharge.
General Order 65 forbade commanding officers of companies or
regiments to give "furloughs on any pretext whatever," as such fur-
loughs would not relieve a soldier from the charge of desertion and
the consequent penalty; and called upon military commanders to
publish in some newspaper a notice requiring all soldiers in the vicin-
ity, not on treatment in a U. S. hospital, to report without delay, on
penalty of being considered deserters.
General Order 72 revoked all furloughs granted to paroled prison-
ers and ordered them to report without delay to certain specified ren-
dezvous or be considered deserters and dealt with accordingly, and
directed all commanding, mustering, and recruiting officers, and
requested Governors* of States, to make known the order as far as
possible.
In July, General Order 78 called attention to the full medical
facilities afforded to all soldiers in U. S. hospitals, and said that ''the
unauthorized removal of soldiers from under the control of the U. S.
authorities by any agents whatever subjects them to loss of pay and
otiiier penalties of desertion."
UNION AUTH0BIT1E8. 751
General Order 92 called upon all officers and soldiers absent with-
out proper aathority to return to duty before August 11, and pre-
scribed a muster of each regiment and corps on the 18th of August,
all absentees from the same to be considered deserters; and further
said:
The U. S. xnarahals in the respectiye districts, the mayor and chief of police in
any town or city, the sheriff of the respective counties in each State, all post-
masters and justices of the peace, are authorized to act as special provost-
marshals to arrest any officer or private soldier fit for duty who mav be found
absent from his command without just cause, and convey him to the nearest
military post or depot. The transportation, reasonable expenses of this duty, and
$5 will be paid for each officer and soldier so arrested and delivered.
By Greneral Orders, No. 140 (September 24), there was instituted a
corps of provost-marshals, to be controlled by a provost-marshal-
general, whose duty was to arrest deserters, spies, Ac. To perform
this they were to call upon any available military force at hand, or to
employ the assistance of citizens, constables, sheriffs, or police officers.
Col. S. Draper was made Provost-Marshal-Gleneral under this order.
There are no available records to show how many deserters were
arrested by this organization, but they were undoubtedly few.
The above shows the difficulties encountered, and the ineffectual
remedies adopted before the establishment of your Bureau. With an
anny as large as ours, it has been found cheaper to have a regular
system of provost-marshals throughout the coun^^ry, by whose means
at least two-thirds of the deserters have been returned to duty and
their comrades deterred from following their example.
On the 3d of March, 1863, the first enrollment act became law. It
provided, inter alia^ for the appointment of a provost-marshal for
every Congressional district, and a provost-marshal-general, who
should furnish them with the name and residence of all deserters
from the Army and Navy when reported to him by their commanding
officers, and made it the duty of provost-marshals to arrest all such.
Under section 26 of this act the President, on the 10th of March,
issued a proclamation pardoning all deserters who should voluntarily
report before April 1. The number who returned is not on record.
On the 24th of March, 1863, General Orders, No. 72, required com-
manders of regiments, independent battalions, companies, and bat-
teries, surgeons in charge of hospitals or detachments, and all persons
in the military service controlling detached parties, to report on the
last day of every month to the Provost-Marshal-General the names
of all men of their command who had deserted during the previous
month, or who had not been already reported. This report was to be
made in the form of a descriptive list, setting forth, also, their place
of residence, and such available information as might lead to their
arrest.
On the establishment of your Bureau, Maj. Chauncey McKeever
was ordered to receive the reports called for by the above order and
attend to all official correspondence relating to deserters. This branch
was thus organized April 8, 1863, with a force of eight clerks.
The reports of deserters began to come in early in April. At first
the originals were forwarded to the acting assistant provost-marshals-
general of the States to which the regiments of the deserters belonged.
But it was found after a few weeks' experience that this system was
inadequate, and about the beginning of May the clerical force of the
branch was increased, and a copy of the descriptive list of each
deserter was sent to the provost-marshal of the district in which the
752 CORBB8PONDENCE, BTC.
deserter was 8api)osed to reside, the original reports being kept on
file. This system has since that time been adhered to.
Considerable difficulty was experienced in procuring the reports
from commanding officers, and many had to be notified time and time
again before the reports were obtained. Even at this date, despite
numerous notifications, some reports are missing, and, as the delin-
quent regiments have mostly been mustered out, the record of desert-
ers can never be entirely completed.
It was constantly found necessary to urge the provost-marshals to
energy in arresting deserters by means of circulars and letters. Until
the reward was increased to $30, however, few arrests were made.
The reward was a powerful stimulus to exertion on the part of both
citizens and special officers, many of which latter elected to relinquish
their monthly pay and take the reward instead.
The manner in which the pa3anent of the reward of $5 and expenses
incurred was made was intricate. The vouchers necessary to secure
the piyment of the reward from a disbursing quartermaster were a
certificate from a provost-marshal, or officer commanding a military
post, that a deserter (identified in the certificate by name, company,
and regiment) had been received by them, and that the person appre-
hending the same (whose name and description were also given) was
entitled to the proper reward. Exi)enses incurred were given in
detail, specifying to whom paid and for what the expense was neces-
sary. Examining and testing the correctness of the expenses incurred
was too complicated a system to work well.
Considerable trouble was experienced in the beginning of 1863 in
the issue by State courts of writs of habeas corpus in the case of
deserters arrested, provost-marshals in many instances giving the
deserters up to the civil authorities, whereby they often escaped pun-
ishment. To obviate this difficulty. Solicitor Whiting gave an opinion
on the legality of the writ in such cases, which was made public in
Circular 36 from this office. It instructs provost-marftals to make
due answer to the writ whenever issued, apprising the State court from
which it issued that the prisoner was under custody of the United
States, whereupon they could proceed no further. If an attempt were
made by the State coiirt to control the provost-marshal, he was
authorized to resist by force. The language of Chief Justice Taney
was quoted in support of this authorization. The answer of the
provost-marshal to the writ was to specify that he was provost-marshal,
api)ointed by the President, under authority of an act of Congress;
that the prisoner was a deserter, held under the act, and that his pro-
duction in court would be in violation of his (the provost-marshal's)
duties. To this any other material facts were to be added which he
might consider necessary. Since the issue of this circular no farther
cases have occurred.
By General Orders, No. 222, Adjutant-General's Office, July 16,
1863, the reward of $5 was increased to $10 — a decided improvement
Enrolled and drafted men have frequently sought to evade service
by changing residence and absconding, believing that they could not
be arrested; and accordingly, in Circular 47 (July 17), the opinion of
Mr. Whiting was issued, to the effect that '' there is no way or manner
in which a person once enrolled can escape his public duties, and,
when drafted, the rights of the United States against him are secured,
and it is only by performance of his duty to the country that he will
escape liability to be treated as a criminal." A notification of draft
left at his last place of residence was held to be enough to convict
UMIOK AUTHORmSS. 753
him of desertion unless he answered it in person or by payment of
commutation. Many of these men hereux)on reported volnntarily,
and more were arrested and held to service.
Many eases of deserters being furnished as substitutes having
occurred, Circular 64 (August 16) made principals furnishing such
still liable to service, unless a second and acceptable substitute was
put in his place.
It was decided by the General-in-Chief (and promulgated in letter
from Adjutant-General's Office, August 28, 1863) that men arrested
as deserters from regiments mustered out of service should be exam-
ined, and, if found to be such, should be assigned to some regiment
of the same State to serve out all the time lost by desertion. This
has been since the invariable practice.
Circular 82 ordered that drafted men failing to report, and arrested,
would he held to service, unless disability were clearly proved to the
Board of Enrollment, in which case they would be discharged.
Finally, in September, 1863, (General Orders, No 325, Adjutant-
General's Office, increased the reward for arresting deserters to 130,
which was to include all expenses. This increase of reward made
both more uniformity and less trouble in the payment for arrests of
deserters, and also considerably increased the number of arrests.
Some persons were arrested who proved upon strict examination (as
ordered by Circular 94, from this office) not to be deserters. These
were, of course, at once discharged, and no reward was paid. In
other cases rewards were paid and afterward returned to the dis-
bursing officer when the arrest was proved wrongful. No rewards
were allowed for the arrest of drafted men failing to report, unless
they were held to service.
Some minors who have deserted have been screened from punish-
ment by issue of writ of habeas corpus. In the case of Leroy Whit-
man (March 16, 1864) it was adjudged that he was guilty of desertion,
though he had enlisted as a minor, because with the knowledge and
without the objection of his father. Since then no such writs have
been issued. At the time the act approved February 13, 1862,
repealing all laws authorizing the discharge of minors, though pro-
mulgated, did not seem to have been generally understood.
To facilitate arrests, post commanders and surgeons in charge of
U. S. hospitals were instructed (Circular 46, Adjutant-General's Office,
June 21, 1864) to report desertions as soon as ascertained to the nearest
provost-marshal.
By Circular 85, Adjutant-General's Office, November 28, 1864, it
was decided that deserters who had returned under the President's
proclamation of March 10, 1863, must make good the time lost by
desertion, in addition to their unexpired term of service, although
relieved from punishment.
By an order consequent upon an opinion of Mr. Whiting, of Jan-
uary 5, 1865, it was decided that all persons gaining exemption by
fraud were liable to be proceeded against as deserters. This was to
remedy an extensive evil, all manner of frauds being attempted in
order to evade service. In the case which especially called forth this
opinion a drafted man gave his brother $300 to pay his commutation,
who, instead of doing so, presented himself as the principal, and was
exempted on the ground of ** physical disability." This is but one of
the many instances of sharp practice.
By enrollment act approved March 3, 1865, all principals aiding
their substitutes to desert were made a second time liable to service.
48 R R— SERIES III, VOL V
754 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Under the same act all deserters failing to rex)ort under the Presi-
dent's proclamation authorized thereby were disfranchised. No steps
have yet been taken to carry out this provision.
The following officers have been in charge of this branch:
Maj. Chauncey McKeever, assistant adjutant-general, from April 8,
1863, to October 1, 1863.
Capt. W. R. Pease, Seventh Infantry, from October 1, 1863, to
November 23, 1863.
Capt. Henry Stone, assistant adjut-ant-general of volunteers, from
November 23, 1863, to February 9, 1864.
Capt. W. R. Pease, Seventh Infantry, February 9, 1864, to May 2,
1864.
Capt. Greorge E. Scott, Veteran Reserve Corps, from May 2, 1864.
On the 5th of December I relieved the last named, since which date
I have been in charge.
It has not been found advisable since May, 1863, materially to
change the manner of informing provost-marshals of the descriptions
and whereabouts of deserters. The commanding officer of a regi-
ment reports to this office the deserters during a certain month on a
blank, which gives descriptive list, residence, supposed whereabouts,
and any other facts which may tend to identify them. This report is
received, and a copy of the description of every deserter thereon is
forwarded to the provost-marshal where he is probably to be found,
and the report filed away. When there are several places which he
would probably frequent, descriptive lists are sent to the several
provost-marshals. This work (as desertions have averaged 5,000 or
6,000 a month) is necessarily large, and it has been sometimes neces-
sary to employ from twenty to thirty clerks at copying. It has also
been inculcated upon provost-marshals and acting assistant provost-
marshals-general diligently to interchange descriptive lists of deserters
when they are known or sup'posed to be in another district or State.
Every possible care has been taken to keep provost-marshals advised
of the whereabouts of deserters; and it is believed that the arrests,
which are nearly two-thirds of the desertions, show that the work has
been well done.
The clerks have mostly been detailed men, generally from the
Veteran Reserve Corps.
Experience has proved that the best method of arresting deserters
is to offer $30 reward, to include all incidental expenses. Fewer
deserters are arrested when the reward is smaller, and the necessary
expenses incident to their arrest, which are paid in addition to the
smaller reward, generally swell the whole amount to more than $30,
not to mention the additional labor necessitated in examining
vouchers, A;c.
In the payment of rewards provost-marshals were instructed to
examine each case to ascertain whether the deserter was culpable, or
the victim of misapprehension of duty. Frequent cases have occurred
of soldiers being arrested by having overstayed their sick-leaves
through ignorance of what steps to take to protect themselves, in
most of which no rewards were paid. The prompt payment for
arrests, more than any other circumstance, tends to make them fre-
quent; and in some districts, where few arrests have been made, it
has been owing to the time taken to get the reward paid (often from
three to six months), the nearest disbursing quartermaster being
hundreds of miles distant from the provost-marshal's headquarters.
X7VI0N AUTHOurriBa 755
The PreBident's proclamation of March 10 [11], 1865, did not meet
with the response anticipated. It was extensively published every-
where, and constant attention was called to its provisions through
the public press by editorials and otherwise; still, only 1,755 availed
themselves of it. At the expiration of the sixty days allowed for the
voluntary return of deserters orders were issued to recommence their
arrest; but as almost all deputies and special agents had before that
time been discharged and the reward discontinued, but few arrests
have since been made.
The large bounties given to volunteers have undoubtedly been an
inducement to many to desert for the purpose of re-enlisting; but a
still greater inducement has been the leniency with which the most
culpable deserters have been treated. Had the extreme penalty
attached to desertion been invariably carried into execution, bounty-
jumping and desertion would not have reached such gigantic projwr-
tions. The time elapsing, too, between arrest and trial* give Uie
reckless and often skillful deserter opportunity to escai)e. In the
ease of desperate and weU-known offenders, a speedy trial and short
shrift would have exerted a salutary influence.
It is curious how the stories circiUated by deserters gain credence.
To palliate their crime they tell tales of hardships endured by them,
and of barbarities practiced upon them by their officers; and, though
generally false in every resi)ect, these stories are retailed through the
country by themselves and friends, exaggerated in every possible way,
and believed by many. Being tied up by the thumbs, though not a
severe punishment, sounds to those who suppose it means ''hung up
by the thumbs" like a most barbarous proceeding. These stories
would seem, from the reports of provost-marshaLs, to have been
among the most serious obstacles to recruiting.
Of the deserters regained, about 42 per cent, have been arrested
by special officers, 33 per cent, by citizens, and 25 per cent, have
voluntarily surrendered themselves, including those under the Presi-
dent's proclamations.
The work of this branch needed at the season of hardest labor
(December, 1864), besides about fifteen copyists, a clerk for sui)erin-
tendentof the roll-room; one for examining and preparing reports
from regiments' copyists and keeping the list of work done by them;
one for briefing the reiwrts; one having charge of the files of reports;
one having charge of the book in which the regimental reports and
number of desertions therein reported are entered, and one to keep
the ''deserters-arrested" book, in which a summary of the monthly
return of the provost-marshals is entered; besides which the current
business required a chief clerk and two or three clerks to keep the
letter book, "letters-received" books, and indorsement book.
This force seems to have been necessary to do the work of this branch
at a time when desertions reported averaged about 6,000 a month, and
deserters arrested 4,000.
It is thought that no better suggestions can be made as to the mode
of carrying on the bureau of deserters (if it should ever again be estab-
lished), than to sketch the modus oi)erandi which has been adopted,
after two years' experience, as the best calculated to secure the prompt
arrest of deserters.
Monthly returns are made by the "commandants of regiments, bat-
talions not included in regiments, independent companies or batteries
and detachments, surgeons in charge of hospitals and detachments,
and all persons in the military service commanding or controlling
766 C0BBB8P0ND8NCE, VtC
oommiflsioned officers or enlisted men on special or detached service,"
of the names of all deserters from their respective commands who
have deserted since their last report. The first report is called the
''Organization report," and is to give the desertions from the organi-
zation of the command till the day of rendering it, osually the end of
any specified month. (Our organization reports were dated March
31, 1863.) This report must ''be made in the form of a descriptive
list, setting forth in the case of each deserter, his name, rank, regi-
ment or company, description, place of birth, residence, occupation,
place of enlistment, date of last payment, account of bounty due, date
and place of desertion, and the place where he can probably be found,
with such remarks as may be pertinent in the matter, or may aid in
the arrest and punishment of the offender. " They will be made in trip-
licate, one copy to be forwarded direct to the Provost-Marshal-Genend,
with "deserters" indorsed under "official business" on the envelope,
and one through the usual channels to the Adjutant-General, who
remits them to the Provost-Marshal-G^neral. In the case of surgeons,
the duplicate will be sent through the Surgeon-General. The triplicate
should be retained.
It has been found convenient to cause the men returned from deser-
tion to be entered on this report under a separate heading.
It is very difficult to obtain these reports, notifications to those who
should render them being generally ineffectual. In case repeated
orders are disregarded, a request to the Adjutant-General to stop the
pay of the delinquent officers until all returns are made is usually
successful in causing the reports to be sent.
When received these reports are first uniformly folded and the date
of receipt marked on the lower edge, and then' briefed, giving merely
regiment, number of desertions, and number returned from desertion;
and then the numbers in the brief are entered in a book kept for the
purpose, where each command from which returns are due is allotted
a separate space. This enables the number of reports and deserters
for any ffiven month to be ascertained at a glance. The reports are
then "districted," i. e., a note is made in a marginal column of the
report giving the district in which each deserter is likely to be found.
A special clerk must be employed on this work, as a directory is con-
tinually needed to ascertain in what district any place specified in the
column "where probably to be found" is situated. A copy of the
descriptive list of the man is then made out and forwarded to the
provost-marshal of that district, and a consolidated copy of all
descriptive lists sent to provost-marshals of a State or division to the
acting assistant provost-marshal-general of that State or division.
FinaUy, the regimental return is filed away (each command having s
separate pigeonhole), systematically arranged by States and regi-
ments, so that easy reference can be made to them.
Reports are sent tri-monthly by provost-marshals of the number
of deserters arrested by them and the disposition made of them; and
accompanying the third tri-monthly report is a monthly report $^ving
the names, rank, company, regiment, date of arrest and by whom
arrested, expenses incurred, reward paid, date of disposal, and how
disposed of. With this return is sent a receipt for each man turned
over to the military and other authorities on a "descriptive list of
deserters." The name of each deserter is recorded alphabetically in
the "deserters-arrested" book, and then the reports are filed away by
districts, so that the name of any man being given, the history of his
arrest can at once be found, or the arrest by any provost-marshal at
any date can be at once ascertained.
UNION AUTHOBTTIBB. 757
There are nineteen volumes of deserters arrested. In 1864 they
were kept by States alphabetically, which was not as good for reference.
There are five volumes of records of the number of deserters reported.
Two volumes contain the record of the number of descriptive lists
sent from this of&ce to provost-marshals, and in one volume is entered
date of receipt of the return of deserters arrested.
Letters of transmittal received with reports, and letters acknowl-
edging receipt of descriptive lists sent to provost-marshals, are filed
separately.
It has been suggested that on every man's descriptive list at enlist-
ment there be entered such marks as he may have about him, to facili-
tate his identification in case he should desert. Such marks as many
men have tattooed on their forearms and hands, birthmarks, scars,
^c, might be noted under ^'remarks" on every enlistment paper.
The miscellaneous business pertaining to the arrest of deserters
J answering comniunications about exceptional cases, Ac.) is con-
iucted in strict accordance with the Adjutant-Generars pamphlet of
instructions.
The blank department has been under the control of the officer in
chai^ of the '' Deserters' Branch," and it may be weU to give a sketch
of its business.
As soon as the blanks are received from the Public Printer they are
carefully counted, and a colored strip of paper inserted to mark every
hundred, so that the number on hand can at any time be ascertained
at a glance. They are then piled up and a record made of the exact
number in an appropriate volume.
Provost-marshals make quarterly requisitions for the estimated
number of blanks needed during the ensuing quarter, and such other
requisitions from time to time as may prove necessary. These requi-
sitions go through the acting assistant provost-marshals-general and
are approved by them. They are filled as soon as received and then
briefed and filed. An invoice is sent by mail at the same time with
the blanks and a receipt from the provost-marshal to sign and return,
which is then briefed and entered in the letters-received book and
filed.
Attached to this report will be found two tabular statements, one
of ''deserters reported," from Mav, 1861, to December 31, 1865, and
the other of "deserters arrested,'^ from May, 1863, to December 31,
1865. They are both as correct as the records of the Bureau can make
them.
Since the organization of this Bureau the desertions reported have
been 278,644. This number is much too large. Many of those reported
as deserters are not so in reality, but are men who became unavoid-
ably absent from their commands by falling sick on the march, being
injured in action without the knowledge of their officers, and reported
''missing" and subsequently "deserted," and by intentionally or
unintentionally overstaying their furloughs, Ac. Most of this class
afterward voluntarily reported, but having been placed in the "return
of deserters" have swelled the aggregate.
It will be observed that 91,088 (or nearly two-fifths of those reported
as deserters) deserted prior to the organization of this Bureau. It is
not known how many of these were apprehended prior to that time.
The aggregate of arrests is 77,181, an average of about 2,412 a
month. Allowing 25 per cent, (which is a small estimate) for desert-
ers reported who are not deserters in reality, it appears that the
number of arrests made by the employes of this Bureau is nearly
two-thirds of the number of deseitions during the same period.
758 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
In 1863 the monthly desertions averaged 4,647; in 1864 they aver-
aged 7,333; in 1865 they averaged 4,368.
The deserters of 1864 include all drafted men who have been
assigned to regiments and deserted en ronte to the field, and nome
who, being held to the draft, have deserted before reaching general
rendezvous. This accounts for the increase of desertions during that
year.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
T. A. DODGE,
Major y Veteran Reserve CorpSy and Bvt Col, of Vols,
Table No. \. -Statement of deserters reported by regimental and other eomr
manders to the Provoet-Marshal-^jfenerare Bureau from their organi»aHon to
December SI, 1S6S,*
Table Ko. 2,— Statement of the number of deeertere arrested in the several States
and Territories, induding the District of Columbia, from May 7, 1S6S, to Decem-
ber SI, 186S,\
DOOUHENT No. 8.
Report of Medical Branch,
War Dbpt., Provost-Marshal-Oenbral's Bureau,
Washingtany D. C, March 17 ^ 1866,
Bvt. Maj. Gen. James B. Fry,
Provost-Marshal' Oeneral:
General: In compliance with your order dated September 2, 1865,
I have the honor to submit for your information the following his-
torical report of the operations of the Medical Branch of your Bureau
from its organization to the present date, and a preliminary report of
the medical statistics on file therein.
I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient
servant,
J. H. BAXTER,
Suraeon and Brevet Colondy U, 8, VdunieerSy
Chief Medical Officer Provost-MarshalrOeneroTs Bureau,
HISTORICAL REPORT OP THE MEDICAL BRANCH PROVOST-MARSHAL-
GENERAL'S BUREAU.
Section 6 of the act approved March 3, 1863, for enrolling and call-
ing out the national forces, and for other purposes, made it the duty
of the Provost-Marshal-General, with the approval of the Secretary
of War, to institute rules and regulations for the government of his
subordinates, and to require stated reports of all proceedings on their
part. In pursuance of the above, surgeons of boards of enrollment
were called upon to furnish rex)orts of the results of their examina-
tion of men for the Army, and in order to establish uniformity among
them it was deemed necessary that a commissioned medical officer
should be detailed for service under the Provost-Marshal-General,
whose duty it should be to advise and direct surgeons of boards of
enrollment in the performance of their duties, and who should have
the custody of all reports and returns from them, for the purpose of
their proper preservation and discussion.
* Detailed statement (here omitted) shows an aggregate of 878,644.
t Detailed statement (here omitted) shows an aggregate of 77,181.
imiOV AUTH0BITIB8. 759
The oi^anization of a medical branch of your Bureau had not been
completed prior to the date of your order assigning me to duty as
chief medical officer, a copy of which is as follows, viz:
War Department, PaovosT-MARSHAi^ENERAL^is Bureau,
WcuhinffUm, D. C, January 11, I864.
SxxTg, J. H. Baxter, IT. S. Volunteers, having reported for duty in accordance
with Speeud. Orders, No. 5, AdJutaat-GeneraTs Office, War Department, 1864, is
hereby assigned to duty as chid medical officer.
JAMES B. FRY,
Provo9t-Mar8hal-Oeneral,
Upon the receipt of the above order, which created the Medical
Branch of this Bureau, I immediately opened an office in quarters
assigned for that purpose.
Under the previous able administration of Lieut. Col. R. H. Coolidge,
medical inspector, U. S. Army, all medical matters pertaining to your
Bureau had been conducted with rare skill and executive ability.
A list of diseases and disabilities, for the government of surgeons
of boards of enrollment, had been prepared by a medical board, of
which Medical Inspector Coolidge was president, and medical ques-
tions in regard to the formation of the Invalid Corps had received his
assiduous care and attention. I take this occasion to express my per-
sonal and official obligations to this exi)erienced and patriotic officer
(whose recent death has deprived the medical corps of one of its most
zealous and accomplished members) for his valuable counsel so freely
tendered me in the establishment of this branch of your Bureau.
By xiersonai inspection of many boards of enrollment and by cor-
respondence I acquainted mjrself with the difficulties under which
surgeons of boards labored, and by circular letters and forms for
medical record books and reports, issued from this branch, a uniformity
of action was established which resulted not only to the good of the
Bureau, but rendered less onerous and more correct the performance
of the duties devolving upon the surgeons of boards of enrollment.
The i-ecord books are similar to those prescribed in the pamphlet
issued by the Adjutant-General entitled ^'Instructions for Officers of
the Adjutant-Generars Department, and Others of Kindred Duties;"
t. 6., "letters received," "letters sent," and "indorsement and
memoranda;" and the method adopted in keeping said books has not
differed in any material point from that laid down in the work referred
to, which is so universally followed that I do not deem it necessary to
detail it in this report. The medical reports accumulated so rapidly
and were of such size that it was thought necessary to opeu a separate
book in which to record their receipt. This book is entitled " Record
of Medical Reports Received."
Immediately upon the receipt of the mail f;*om the office of "general
and miscellaneous business" it was opened and examined by the chief
clerk of this branch, and all letters pertaining to this office or involv-
ing medical questions, with the exception of letters of transmittal
of the regular "medical reports," properly indorsed and entered in
the book of "letters received;" after which those letters requiring
the attention and action of the chief medical officer were submitted
to him and disposed of according to his dii*ection.
The "medical reports" were first entered in the "record of medical
reports received," submitted to the chief medical officer or to one of
the medical officers on duty in the branch, by whom they were exam-
ined as to the medical points involved, after which they were sent to
the "examining room," where they passed through a thorough exam-
760 COBBB8PONDBNCE, ETC.
ination by a corps of competent clerks, and if no errors were detected
after this second examination, they were placed in wrappers and filed
by States and districts to be tabulated in future.
If, however, the surgeon making the report had not complied strictly
with instructions previously issued, the report was returned io him
through the acting assistant provost-marshal-general of his State,
with indorsement enumerating the errors, and with directions to
either forward a new report or the original carefully revised and
corrected.
The stated medical reports are of two kinds, viz: '* Monthly medi-
cal reports" an4 '^Reports of the medical statistics of drafts" (Form
58); the former received monthly, and the latter at the close of each
draft from each Congressional district.
The "monthly medical reports" were made by the surgeons of
boards of enrollment upon blanks furnished from this office, being
copied from the * ' medical record books " kept by the surgeons. These
reports contained a complete and minute record of the physical exam-
ination of all recruits, substitutes, drafted and enrolled men during
each month. The following data, given in the case of each man
examined, will show more clearly the value of these reports, viz:
Date of examination, number ditto, name, age, height, complexion,
color of eyes and hair, nativity, residence, occupation, measurements
of chest, white or colored, married or single, 'ph}rsique, and result of
examination, stating also the disease or disability for which the man
was rejected or exempted.
"Reports of medical statistics of drafts" were rendered at the close
of each draft, and were also made upon blanks furnished from this
office (Form 58). Each of these reports comprised a series of four
tables.
The first table exhibited the number of drafted men of each occu-
pation physicaUy examined, the number exempted for each distinct
disease or disability alphabetically arranged, the number appearing
before the Board, also the number of each occupation exempted under
each section of paragraph 85, Revised Regulations Provost-Marshal-
General's Bureau.
The second table exhibited the total number of drafted men
exempted under each section of the above-mentioned paragraph and
the ratio exempted under each section per 1,000 examined.
The third table by nativities embraced the vital statistics of aUmen
examined under the draft for which the rei)ort was rendered, and the
fourth table being a consolidation of the ttiird.
The whole number of clerks employed or detailed for duty in this
branch from its organization to the present date is forty-two; great-
est number employed at any one time, seventeen; average number
employed per month, eight.
A large proportion of the clerical force of this branch have been
soldiers detailed from the Veteran Reserve Corps. A large majority
of the citizen clerks had served in the Uaion Army or Navy previous
to their appointment. Out of sixteen clerks on duty in this branch
at present date, twelve have served in the Army or Navy and have ren-
dered a total of forty-two years and seven months' service, ™^Ving
an average of three years and six months, or an average of two years
and eight months for the whole force.
By a reference to Schedule A, a list of all commissioned medical
officers who have been on duty in this branch since its organization
may be found; dates when each officer was detailed and relieved, to
what duty assigned, ^c.
UNION AUTHOBITIE& 761
TIRWB IN RBFBRBNCB TO THE LIBT OF DISBA8B8 AND INFIRlf ITIBS FOR
THB BXBMPTION OF DRAFTED MEN AND CHANGES RECOMMENDED.
The several sections of paragraph 85, in which are enumerated the
diseases and disabilities for which drafted men should be exempted,
have proved, as a general rule, acceptable, and but few cases have pre-
sented themselves deserving exemption which could not be classified
under its requirements.
Of course no precise enumeration of all the particular diseases or
disabilities which could disqualify drafted men for military service
was possible, but paragraph 85 was given as a general guide, yet
directing, as far as practicable, the judgment of examining surgeons.
By rendering as definite as possible the list of disqualifying mental
and ph3n9ical disabilities, much trouble and annoyance were saved to
surgeons of boards and promptness of decision facilitated. Moreover,
the drafted man seemed better satisfied if it was possible to iwint out
to him that the surgeon, in his decision not to exempt him from serv-
ice, simply obeyed the instructions received from higher sources.
Experience has proved some few alterations necessary, and I respect-
fully submit the following changes which present themselves to my
mind as desirable and worthy your consideration. For the purpose
of making these changes the more readily comprehended, I write out
in full the section as, in my opinion, it should read after all amend-
ments:
PARAGRAPH W.
Section 1. No change.
Sec. 2. No change.
Sec. 3. Epilepsy. For this disability the statement of the drafted
man is insufficient, and the fact must be established by the duly
attested affidavit of a physician in good standing who has attended
him in the disease within six months immediately preceding his
examination by the Board, or in default of such evidence, the affida-
vits of at least three respectable citizens who have seen him in a
convulsion within six months, and have personal knowledge of his
being subject to repeated attacks.
Sec. 4. Paralysis, general or of one limb, or chorea; their existence
to be adequately determined. Decided atrophy or hypertrophy of a
limb.
Sec. 5. No change.
Sec. 6. No change.
Sbc. 7. No change.
Sec. 8. No change.
Sec. 9. No change.
Sec. 10. No change.
Sec. 11. Chronic rheumatism, involving change of structure or
distortion.
Sec. 12. Total loss of sight of either eye; cataract of either eye;
loss of crystalline lens of either eye.
Sec. 13. Partial loss of sight of both eyes, vision being so greatly
impaired as to leave no doubt of the man's inability to perform
military duty. Serious permanent diseases of the eye or eyelids, so
manifestly affecting the use of the eyes as to leave no doubt of the
man's incapacity for military service. Near-sightedness does not
exempt, unless excessive and confirmed.
Sec. 14. Loss of nose; deformity of nose so great as seriously to
impede respiration; ozena with caries.
762 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Sec. 15. Decided deafness, dependent on organic change, or proved
by other satisfactory evidence, so decided as to leave no doubt of the
man's unfitness for military service. Chronic purulent otorrhcea.
Sec. 16. Incurable diseases or deformities of either jaw, which
greatly impede mastication or speech — anchylosis of jaw; caries of
the bones of the face, if in progress; cleft palate (bony) ; extensive
loss of substance of the cheeks, or salivary fistula.
Sec 17. No change.
Sec. 18. Loss of tongue, or diseases thereof sufficient to interfere
seriously with the use of that organ.
Sec. 19. No change.
Sec. 20. Loss of a sufficient number of teeth to interfere seriously
with mastication.
Sec. 21. Tumors or wounds of the neck, impeding respiration or
deglutition. Torticollis, if of long standing and well marked.
Sec. 22. Deformity of the chest, curvatui'e of the spine, or caries
of the spine, ribs, or sternum, sufficient to prevent the carrying of
aims or military equipments.
Sec. 23. Hernia, except small umbilical.
Sec. 24. Artificial anus, stricture of the rectum, prolapsus ani,
fistula in ano, if extensive or complicated.
Sec. 25. Old and ulcerated internal or external hemorrhoids, if in
degi*ee sufficient to leave no doubt of the man's unfitness for military
service.
Sec. 26. Loss of penis; epispadia or hypospadia.
Sec. 27. Chronic organic stricture of the urethra, which seriously
impedes the passage of urine, or which is complicated with disease of
the bladder, urinary fistula. Recent or spasmodic stricture of the
urethra does not exempt.
Sec. 28. Incontinence of urine, stone in the bladder, or gravel,
ascertained beyond doubt, absolutely disqualifies.
Sec. 29. Confirmed or malignant sarcocele; hydrocele, if compli-
cated with organic disease of testicle. Varicocele is not disqualifying
unless excessive and severe.
Sec. 30. No change.
Sec. 31. No change.
Sec. 32. No change.
Sec. 33. Loss of right thumb. Loss of third phalanx of all the
fingers of either hand. Loss of index and middle finger of same
hand. Permanent extension or contraction of two fingers of either
hand. All the fingers adherent.
Sec. 34. Permanent defects or deformities of the feet, such as will
necessarily prevent marching.
Sec. 35. No change.
Sec. 36. No change.
I i*espectf ully recommend that paragraph 87 should be amended to
read as follows:
The sui-geon of the Board of Enrollment will keep three medical
record books, in which he will record the following results of his exam-
inations of all men he may inspect —
First. Of drafted men. Date of examination, number, name, where
drafted (town or county), age, nativity, occupation, height, weight,
color of eyes, hair, and complexion, chest measurements at inspiration
and expiration, married or single, white or colored, and result of
examination. He will also recorti under head of remarks, if exempted,
the disease or disability for which exemption was granted; if not
UNION AUTHOBITUfiS. 763
exempted, the diseaee or disability for which exemption was claimed.
Second. Of enrolled men the same, except ^' where enrolled" (town
and county) in place of '* where drafted." If stricken from the enroll-
ment lists, state under head of remarks the particular disease or
disability for which the enrolled man was found unfit. If not stricken
therefrom, the disease or disability for which he claimed unfitness.
Third. Of recruits and substitutes. Date of examination, number,
name, age, nativity, occupation, height, weight, color of eyes, hair,
and complexion, chest measurements at inspiration and expiration,
married or single, white or colored, recruit or substitute, and result
of examination. Under remarks, if rejected, state the reason why;
if accepted, record some mark or sear which may be on his person by
which he may hereafter be identified.
The surgeon of the Board of Enrollment will also forward a monthly
medical report of the drafted and enrolled men and recruits and
substitutes he has examined. This report will be a copy of the
medical record books above enumerated, and will be forwarded in
duplicate the Ist day of each month; one copy direct, and one copy
through the acting assistant provost-marshal-general.
Immediately on the completion of a draft in any district the sur-
geon of the Board of Enrollment will compile and forward to this
office the statistics of the causes of exemption on account of physical
or mental disability from such draft iu his district (Form 58). This
report will be accompanied by a detailed statement of such other
facts as may be of scientific importance to the medical profession.
This rei)ort will also be forwarded in duplicate, one copy direct, and
one copy through the acting assistant provost-marshal-general. In
tlie keeping of his recoitls and preparation of reports the surgeon of
the Board will be entitled to a clerk whenever the services of one
may be necessary.
MBDICAL EXAMINATION OF MEN FOR MILITART SERVICE AND FRAUDS
TO BE GUARDED AGAINST.
The medical examinations of men for the military service were made
in a large, well-lighted room, where they could be exercised briskly,
and with the windows so arranged that the light fell equally ujwn
every portion of it.
Ui)on entering the room the recruit, substitute, or drafted man was
directed to divest himself of all his clothing. This was usually done
in the presence of the surgeon, for this reason, that he was not then
expecting to be noticed, and should he feel disiwsed to conceal any
existing defects, as stiff joints, <fec., he would in this way be thrown
off his guard, and the attempted fraud at once detected without
further examination.
He was first questioned in regard to his name, age, nativity, occu-
pation, his general health and that of his family, whether any heredi-
tary taints existed, and if he had ever suffered from any disease or
accident, and if so, what; thus endeavoring to obtain all the informa-
tion i)ossible concerning him and at the same time enable the surgeon
to judge of his mental as well as his physical qualifications.
He was then placed under a stationary measuring rod, directed to
stand erect while his height was accurately noted, and a graduated
tape was passed around the chest over the inferior angles of the
scapula and directly over the nipple, and the measurement taken both
at inspiration and expiration. After this the color of the eyes, hair,
764 COBRE8PONDEKCE, ETC.
and the complexion were noted, and a general inspection of the whole
body was now made, noticing the muscular development and general
appearance, aX the same time looking carefully for any tumors, ulcers,
varicose veins or chronic swellings of the extremities, or any defect
that could disqualify him for the service.
The head was then examined for any depressions or irregularities
that might exist; the eyes, eyelids, ears, nose, teeth, palate, and
fauces carefully noticed.
The chest was then inspected; respiration and the action of the
heart observed, and anything that could be discovered by inspection,
auscultation, or percussion noted.
He was next directed to stand erect, place his heels together, and
mse his hands vertically above his head, the backs together, and was
told to cough and make other expulsive movements, while the
abdomen, inguinal rings, and scrotum were examined for hernia; the
penis was then examined for epispadia, hypospadia, and venereal
disease; the groin for glandular enlargements, and the testicles for
atrophy, induration, or other diseases.
He was then directed to bend over, the fingers touching the floor,
the legs straight and widely distended, and separating the nates,
the fissure, for hemorrhoids, fistula, prolapsus, or any disease of the
anus, was carefully inspected ; and while in this position firm pressure
was made on different portions of the spine to discover any disease or
tenderness, if such existed.
Next he was directed to extend his arms straight from the body and
then bring them together on the same level, behind and in front, pro-
nate and supinate them rapidly, strike out from the shoulder, flex the
arm upon the shoulder, and the forearm upon the arm, and open and
close the fingers rapidly. In this way almost any defect of the upper
extremities were discovered.
He was then told to walk rapidly, and then to run around the room
several times, hop first on one foot and then on the other, with his
heels together to raise himself upon his toes, then fiex and extend the
thigh, leg, and ankle, kick first with one foot and then the other, and
make several leaps in the air. While thus excited he was again
examined for chest diseases and also for hernia.
The eyesight was next tested by placing him at one end of the room
while the surgeon stood at the other, and asking him the number or
color of objects displayed to each eye separately. The hearing was
also tested at the same time by modulating the tones of the voice
while conversing with him, and covering one ear while endeavoring
to discover any defects that might exist in the other.
The remaining portion of the record was then made out, result of
examination recorded, and in case of rejection the disease or infirmity
for which he was found unfit for military service written out in full.
In case of recruits and substitutes, when accepted, some mark or
scar which was on their body was recorded for the purpose of future
identification.
The number of men that can be examined per day with accuracy
depends not only ux)on the character of the men examined, but
whether or not they are drafted men, as much more time must be
devoted to them in answering all their questions and listening to and
deciding ux)on their claims for exemption than in the examination of
recruits or substitutes. Forty, however, is a fair average,'Of all classes
of the number of men that can be examined per day with accuracy.
UNION AUTHOBITIES. 765
Various modes were adopted for the deteotion of frauds practiced
by recruits and substitutes to enter, and by drafted and enrolled
men to escape the service.
The volunteer and the drafted man are governed by veiy different
motives in presenting themselves for examination; for while the for-
mer tries to conceal every physical defect, the latter is equally anxious
to magnify every slight ailment. If the volunteer resorts to false
teeth, hair-dye, and falsehoods to conceal his age, bandages for vari-
cose veins, and the application of ice for hernia, the drafted man also
feigns deafness, blindness, liver and kidney complaints, or any other
disease that will avail him in his extremity.
When deafness is feigned, the following method was found useful
for detectiifg it: The man was seated directly in front of the surgeon
and dose to him; a watch was then placed against one of his ears
and he was asked in a loud tone '4f he could hear it;" to which he
usually answered in the affirmative. The watch was then withdrawn
a few inches, and the question repeated in a low tone several times,
gradually withdrawing the watch and sinking the voice until it was
scarcely more than a whisper; while his attention was fixed upon the
watch he did not notice how far the surgeon had moved from him, or
in what tone he was speaking.
The would-be blind man was detected by telling him that he must
accompany the surgeon to a place prepared to test the eyesight; and
taking him up and down .stairs, over logs, boxes, and impediments of
all kinds, and if he avoided all these his blindness was not considered
sufficient to unfit him for Xhe military service.
Cardiac disease is often feigned, and men frequently present them-
selves for examination after having undergone violent physical exer-
cise; in such cases they should be allowed to wait and sit quietly for
at least half an hour, and then by careful examination the attempted
fraud can usually be detected at once.
The frauds against which the examining surgeon has to guard, it
will be seen, are as various as the characters of the men examined, and
no rules can be given to govern in such cases; but to guard success-
fully against these frauds, aside from professional skiU, he should be
conversant with the frailties and idiosyncrasies of human nature and
be able to turn his knowledge to account, for he must rely to a great
extent upon his own judgment.
SUBGBONS OF BOARDS OF BNROLLMBNT, WITH RBCOMMBNDATIONS AS
TO THBIB FUTUBE APPOINTMENT AND STATUS.
Medical, like all other talent, should not be expected without proper
compensation; and, although this Bureau obtained it, it is neverthe-
less true that the great majority of the late surgeons of boards con-
tinued in the position from a patriotic desire to serve their country,
or a personal feeling of pride (that, having commenced, they would
continue to end), fearing, perhaps, that in the case of resignation
their enemies would ascribe it to the fact that they were oblig^ to do
so for faults committed in the performance of their duties.
Many surgeons of boards received the appointment unsought, hav-
ing been recommended by their respective members of Congress on
account of their high standing in community. They were men of
ability and honesty, and, inde^, in their recommendations of physi-
cians for the position of surgeons of boards of enrollment, members
766 C0BBE8P0NDENCE, ETC.
of Congress seem to have selected, as a rule, only those who, on
acoonnt of attainments, experience, and honesty, they considered
best fitted for the position.
The position of the surgeon on boards of enrollment has been one
of much responsibility.
Maligned by those whom he failed to consider entitled to exemp-
tion, and accused of exempting those not disabled, he has been placed
between two dilemmas. If he exempted too great a proportion he was
liable to censure from his official superiors. If the number of ex-
empted men was small, the community accused him of forcing crip-
ples and men at the x>oint of death into the Army. Should he reject
a large i)er cent, of substitutes or recruits, the district, being anxious
to fill the quota and thus escape the draft, accused him of being
hypercritical in his examinations, and said that he rejected abl^
bodied men.
On the other hand, he was liable not only to official censure in case
he accepted disabled substitutes and recruits, but his pay was liable to
be stopped, and all expenses attending the enlistment of the disabled
man deducted therefrom.
His position being then one by no means enviable, it is a matter of
no little surprise that the services of medical gentlemen of such ability
in their profession were secured or retained.
I would recommend, instead of the present method of appointing
surgeons of boards of enrollment, that they be supplied by detail of
those medical officers in the service who, by experience and talent,*
are evidently fitted for the position. I would also suggest that thej
have, while serving on boards of enrollment, the rank, pay, and
emoluments of surgeons in the Army.
Should this be found impracticable, I would recommend that sur-
geons of boards of enrollment be appointed and commissioned as such
only after due and careful examination as to their abiUtfy to perform
the duties pertaining to the position, and that they have the rank,
pay, and emoluments of surgeons in the Army.
It is also imx)ortant that they be stationed in other States and dis-
tricts than those in which they reside, and that their stations be
changed at least once in six months, or after the completion of each
draft.
This would obviate the great difficulty with which surgeons of
boards of enrollment have had to contend, viz, the pressure of sec-
tional feelings, and their being stationed where a proper discharge of
duties would not interfere with their future professional prospects or
their individual feelings.
There also should be detailed upon the staff of each acting
assistant provost-marshal-general a commissioned medical officer of
experience and ability to act as medical inspector, and, under the
direction of such acting assistant provost-marshal-general, to have
supervision of all medical matters pertaining to boards of enrollment
in the State or division to which he may be assigned.
Such medical officer should examine and forward all medical reports
of surgeons of boards, and report at least monthly the result of his
labors. He should be guided in his decisions by the regulations of
this Bureau, and by such other instructions as might be sent him by
order of the Provost-Marshal-General.
The detail of such an officer would obviate many of the difficulties
which have been encountered in the past experience of this Bureau.
UmON AUTH01UTIE8. 767
KKDICAL BOABDS OF RB-BXAMINATION AND RENDEZVOUS CAMPS.
I am convinced that no little injustice has been done surgeons of
boards of enrollment by medical boards of re-examination at rendez-
vous camps. Surgeons pf boards of enrollment, for instance, decided
not to exempt drafted men with whom they were personally acquainted,
and knew that there existed no physical or mental disability sufficient
to entitle them to exemption. Yet, upon the arrival of these men at
rendezvous camps, their representations of physical unfitness appeared
so well founded that the boards of re-examination, although perfect
strangers to the applicants, have recommended the men for discharge
and reported the surgeon of the Board as negligent in the discharge
of his duty.
This has also been the case with recruits and substitutes who
received large bounties, and on their arrival at rendezvous camps
feigned or produced such disabilities as to secure their discharge.
Ill is has been a subject of much complaint from surgeons of boards,
who have produced evidence in particular cases of this kind to prove
their complaints well grounded. Circular No. 15, Adjutant-General's
Office, 1865, corrects this difficulty, but, unfortunately, it was issued
but a few days before all drafting and recruiting were stopped.
It will, however, be a matter of great importance to the interest of
the service, should any future recruitment of the Army become nec-
essary by draft or through boards of enrollment, that the require-
ments of this circular be strictly observed and carried into effect, viz.*
IMPORTANCE AND EXTENT OF RECORDS ON FILE IN THIS BRANCH.
The final reports of surgeons of boards of enrollment give the
medical results of the examination of 605,045 drafted men who were
examined during the progress of the several drafts, exhibiting the
distinct diseases for which these men were found unfit for military
service.
A grand total of the drafted men examined and exempted is as
follows:
Drafted men examined - 605,045
Drafted men exempted for physical or mental disability 155, 780
Ratio exempted per 1,000 examined 257.38
There are also, in addition to the above records on file in this branch
of your Bureau, monthly medical reports, giving the minute medical
examination, including name, age, nativity, occupation, height, chest
measurement at inspiration and expiration, complexion, color of eyes
and hair, white or colored, married or single, phyHique, and result of
examination of 508,735 recruits, substitutes, dmfted and enrolled
men, and the reports of boards of examination showing the disabili-
ties for which enlisted men were recommended for transfer to the
Veteran Reserve Corps.
In addition to the statistical records already enumerated, able and
valuable reports have been received from surgeons of boards of enroll-
ment, giving, as the result of their experience, infoimation upon the
following subjects:
First. Experience in the examination of men for military service
and number examined.
•See Circular No. 15, Adjutant-General's Office, April 7, 1866, Vol. IV, this
series, p. 1250.
768 GORRE8PONDBNGE, ETC.
Second. General geographical description of Cong^ressional district,
with prevalent diseases and causes conducive thereto; character of
its inhabitants, their modea of life, and occupations.
Third. Reasons why any particular diseases or disabilities have
disqualified a greater ratio per 1,000 from military service.
Fourth. Views in reference to the list of disqualifying diseases and
disabilities, as given in the Revised Regulations Provost-Marshai-
G^neraPs Bureau, and what changes recommended.
Fifth. Statement in minute detail of method of examining men for
military service.
Sixth. The number of men that can be physically examined jwr
day with accuracy.
Seventh. Frauds most to be guarded against, which are practiced
by drafted and enrolled men to escape, and by substitutes and
recruits to enter the service, and other obstacles contended with in
the discharge of duties, with suggestions as to the best method of
avoiding or overcoming these difficulties in future.
Eighth. What nationality presents the greatest physical aptitude
for military service.
Ninth. Experience as to the ph3n9ical qualifications of the colored
race for military service.
Tenth. Views as to the operation of the enrollment law as it now
exists, with recommendations and suggestions thereto.
These reports cover 2,000 pages in manuscript, and have evidently
been carefully prepared, and the important information and useful
suggestions contained therein are of great interest and value, not
only to the medical profession of our own, but to that of other
nations.
From all this data much important medico-scientific information
can be deduced, not only in reference to the natives of this country,
but of many others.
More than fifty different nativities are included among these records
of the examination of men for the Army.
Of the most important questions which can be discussed I would
mention the following:
First. The physical condition of each State or Congressional dis-
trict of the United States.
Second. The prevalence of certain-diseases and causes conducive
thereto in any section of the United States.
Third. Influence of geographical situation on disease, as climate,
hydrological condition, geological formation.
Fourth. Influence of occupation on disease.
Fifth. Influence of age on disease.
Sixth. Influence of height on disease.
Seventh. Influence of temperament.
Eighth. Influence of marriage on disease.
Ninth. What nationality presents the greatest physical aptitude for
military service.
Tenth. Physical qualifications of the colored race for military
service.
Eleventh. Frauds practiced by drafted and enrolled men to escape,
and by recruits and substitutes to enter military service, and the best
method of detecting, avoiding, or overcoming these difficulties in
future.
Twelfth. Height of the inhabitants of each Congressional district in
the United States; the average height in each State and in the United
UNION AUTHOBITIEB. 769
States; also the same information in regard to each of the different
nativities.
Thirteenth. The chest measurement of the inhabitantjs of each
CJongressional disMct in the United States; the avei*age in each State
and in the United States; also the same information in reference to
each of the different nativities.
Fourteenth. Comparison between mental and physical diseases.
Fifteenth. Practical experiences and suggestions.
Sixteenth. Medical statistics of the Veteran Reserve Corps.
It will be observed that the tables presented with this report relate
only to the prevalence of certain diseases in each Congressional dis-
trict of the United States, in each State, and in the United States; the
number of drafted men, recruits, and substitutes examined, and
number exempted, together with ratio exempted per 1,000 examined;
the more minute discussion of the subject being impossible for want
of time.
Of the importance of the information to be derived from the records
on file in this branch of your Bureau I need not speak in extenso.
The medical records of foreign countries relate only to the natives
of those x>articular countries, and do not equal in extent or minute-
ness those on file in this branch.
The medical reports of recruiting the armies of Great Britain treat
almost exclusively of Englishmen, Irishmen, and Scotchmen, from
whom those armies are recruited.
Reports of conscription in France and Belgium relate to the natives
of those countries alone.
Our own country containing numerous representatives of all other
nations, presents the rare opportunity of comparing the physical con-
ditions and aptitude for military service of nearly every nation in the
world, for among the recruits and substitutes nearly all nations were
represented.
The medico-military history of this country may properly be divided
into three divisions:
First. The physical aptitude of the entire Nation for military serv-
ice, and the character and degree of frequency of disqualifying dis-
eases among its inhabitants of military ages.
Second. The disqualifying causes which render unfit for military
service that comparatively small portion of the Nation who have
entered the Army.
Third. The records of that still smaller portion who, having been
disabled in military service, have been discharged therefrom.
In the Medical Branch of your Bureau are filed medical records relat-
ing to the physical aptitude of this Nation for military service.
The important and highly interesting medical records, showing in
what way the soldier has been disabled, are on file in the Surgeon-
General's Office, and when published will doubtless present to the
world highly scientific medical results never before equaled in refer-
ence to the hygiene of armies.
The Pension Bureau contains the records of those who, having been
discharged from service on account of wounds or diseases, return to
civil life.
The imx>ortant question relating to the physical aptitude of the col-
ored race for military service can be discussed, as also the question as
to whether the colored race are more subject to any particular diseases
than the white race.
49 R R— SBBISS ni, VOL V
770 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
From the result of all these data and experience thus gained, fixed
rules can be deduced for the government of future recruiting. For
example, the relation of weight to height; the relation of chest cir-
cumference to height and weight; the relation of height, chest meas-
urement, and weight to age.
The health statistics of this Nation can now from these records be
to a very great extent made known, and medical questions of great
importance in reference to the beneficial effect of different sections of
the United States on disease, or the effect of occupation thereon, be
ascertained and made public.
PREFACE TO TABLES.
In presenting the following tables I have the honor to call your atten-
tion to the fact that they are submitted without comment. The period
of time which has elapsed since the organization of this branch of your
Bureau has scarcely permitted the completion of tabular views of the
prevalence of disease. In order to carry out the original plan it would
require another year at least in which to finish the report. All of those
questions which have been referred to, in speaking of the extent and
value of the records on file here, remain untouched, or have been
made the subjects of such incomplete investigation as will preclude
the opinions that may have been formed from admission into this
rei)ort.
It is scarcely necessary, now that the attention of the world has been
so generally directed to the subject of vital statistics, to insist upon
the importance of data more comprehensive and extensive than any
other government has as yet collected.
It is beyond dispute that these tables exhibit a more complete view
of the physical condition of this Nation than has been heretofore com-
piled; and it is not unreasonable to expect that when they shall have
been more completely discussed they will be found to throw light upon
the causes of many of the more common diseases to which mankind
are subject.
The only condition under which any researches of this nature can
aspire to a true scientific value is that in which the investigator, pro-
ceeding from the observation of phenomena, arrives finally at the laws
regulating their manifestation. Whether this could be done in the
case of these records has not been tried by the test of experience. It
would not be premature, however, to declare that the accompanying
data afford an opportunity never surpassed for the determination of
the truth of some of the most imi)ortant principles which the science
of health has ascertained. This is the case, because, both on account
of their magnitude and the variety of the conditions they embrace,
they afford the opportunity of comparison with the varied but less
extensive tables of European statisticians.
In the future elaboration of the records on file in this branch it may
be expected that the results which will be deduced will be ascertained
and compai-ed with each other.
That a series of tabular illustrations of the various conditions of
race, age, height, complexion, occupation, geographical position, Ac,
will be presented and an explanation of them attempted, and that Ib
the future these labors will enable the Government of the United States
to publish a work more complete in its character than has yet been
issued by any foreign power.
Among the questions that have been already referred to as possibly
capable of solution through a more complete study of the records of
mriON AUTHOBITIB& 771
this office, there are some which have not as yet attracted the atten-
tion of statistical writers. Of these, '^what nationality presents the
greatest aptitnde for the military service" is the first.
In allndingto it in this jyreliminary report all snbseqnent remarks
are baaed solely upon the opinions expressed by the surgeons of boards
of enrollment to whom the question was proposed. It is needless, then,
to say that the following criticisms are not presented as demonstrable
truths.
For the most -pari these officers have given it as the result of their
experience that the physical, moral, and intellectual characteristics of
the American gave him the precedence over other nations in respect
to his fitness for war. A smaller proportion have recorded their opin-
ion in favor of the Germans. Still fewer decide for the Irish ; one or two
for the English and Scotch.
It is believed that, from its nature, this point is one which it will be
exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, to determine definitely.
For this opinion several reasons may be assigned. Among these it
might be urged that the data upon which a decision must be founded
embrace not the nations (whatever they may be) with which the com-
jMurison is made, but that portion residing in this country — ^not, per-
haps, the best specimens of the race — and men who certainly have
experienced or are in the transition state of those multifarious modi-
fymg influences known under the generic term of acclimation.
It has been frequently asserted (and not without foundation in his-
tory for the remark) that ceteris paribusy all first-class nations excel
their enemies upon their own soil. However this may be, it would
afford a ground for the opinions expressed by the great majority of
the surgeons that, because of his physique ilan^ and intelligence, the
American was the best type of the soldier on this continent.
The last subject to which I shall refer in these concluding remarks
is embraced in the question concerning the '^physical qualifications of
the colored race for military service."
In reference to this question, which, in order that it may be prop-
erly decided, involves a comparison between the two most widely dif-
ferent types of mankind, viz, the Caucasian and the negro,* a few
prefatory remarks can alone be presented. The materials which would
enable us to discuss this subject more fully exist, but, as was before
said, no time has been permitted for their elaboration.
A sufficiently careful investigation, however, of the vital statistics
relating to negro substitutes and recruits has already been made to
enable me to say that when they shall have been tabulated the con-
clusions at which ethnologists have arrived in regard to the typical
physical characteristics of the race ¥rill be found to be borne out in all
imx)ortant particulars. Excluding all hyjiotheses concerning the origin
and iwrmanence of type, and solely basing these criticisms upon the
data which we possess, it may also be proper to say that, according
to the information we have been able to obtain, it may be doubted
whether the moral idiosjmcracies which anatomists have founded upon
their peculiarities of structure can be shown to exist to so great a
degree as most anthroiK>logists have supposed.
That the organization of the negro differs from that of any other of
the great races of men no one, perhaps, will be hardy enough to dis-
pute; but that this difference and those anatomical peculiarities that
form the contrast between this and other types involve an unfitness
for the service, does not appear to be the case. A study of the
opinions expressed by 116 surgeons engaged in the examination of
772 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
both black and white recruits and snbBtitateB goes to substantiate an
idea which is common among ethnological authorities, yiz, that no
race is equally adapted to aU circumstances of life; that mankind
obey the same general laws that govern the distribution of flor» and
faunsd upon the earth, and that the isotherms between which are
limited the health and development of the negro do not comprehend
less space upon its surface than those within which the others are
confined.
It may be confidently afibmed that the statistics of this office which
refer principally to physico-geographical infiuences and to the effects
of the intermixture of blood upon the negro, when taken in oonnec-
tion with those parts of the Surgeon-General's forthcoming report in
which he is regarded as amenable to the vicissitudes of war, will form
a more complete and reliable physical history of this race than exists
at this time.
It would not be in accordance with the plan of this report to enter
upon a discussion of the comparative aptitude for military service
exhibited by the two types of mankind of which I have been sx>eak-
ing, without the accompanying tables as evidence of the data upon
which my opinions were based.
It appears, however, that, of the surgeons of boards of enrollment,
five have given their opinion that the negro recruits and substitutes
examined by them were physically a better class of men than the
whites; nineteen that they were equal; two that they were inferior.
A favorable opinion as to their fitness for the army is expressed by
seventeen; a doubtful one, because of insufficient data on which to
ground the decision, by forty-three; an unfavorable opinion by niae,
and by twenty a statement of not having come to any conclusion upon
the subject.
The question of the prevalence of disease among the negro inhab-
itants of different sections of the country is one upon which at pres-
ent no specific opinion can be expressed. As in the case of the white
race, it may be shown hereafter that their maladies conform to those
general principles which have been heretofore established. The dis-
cussion of the physical characteristics of the negro, as involving the
propriety of his use in war, only belongs to this department. It is
difficult and, in the present state of science, most uncertain to erect
upon any general characteristics of organization anything but the
most general rules concerning the effect of that structure upon the
moral and intellectual nature. It may be said, however, that there
are not more instances of disqualifying causes of this nature among
the negroes, in proportion to the number examined, than are to be
found in the records of exemption among the white race.
A r^um^ of the points upon which the completed results of the
statistics of this Bureau may be expected to bear will comprehend the
physical history of all recruits and substitutes of this race, viz, the
height, age, weight, capacity of chest, health, Ac. In the form of
tables the comparison of equal numbers of both races will be made,
exhibiting the resemblance or contrast between the two and their
approach toward the ascertained standard of physical perfection; the
effect of climatic causes upon the race, as evinced by the prevalence
of disqualifying diseases in different localities; also the results of the
intermixture of the races, as shown by the comparative healthfulness
of the pure negro and the mulatto, as well as the most common
infirmities to which both are subject; the moral status of the races,
as far as disqualifying conditions are shown to result from infracUonB
of the prevailing laws of propriety and temperance, dbc.
UNION AUTHOBITIES. 778
The foregoing oompiehend, jwrhapsy all the points which belong to
the province of the statistician and physician to determine, but it is
plain how mnch will be accomplished for the ph3rsical history of man-
kind when these results shall have been made known with those
already referred to in the archives of the Surgeon-GeneraFs Office.
The historical and political significance of such a work addresses
itself to the reason without the necessity of an explanation. But, in
conclusion, it might not be inappropriate to say that, whatever the
exigencies of the state may be, there are laws of the natural world
which heretofore and in all conceivable conditions have and must
supersede the legislation of mankind.
To utUize and control successfully any animal it is indispensable to
know the vital and physical necessities of his being; not less so in the
government of men.
The physical history of a race illuminates not only the past but the
future, and is alike indispensable to those whose profession it is to
8ui>erintend the phenomena of the body or the mind. No rational
expectation can be entertained that the accidents of legislation can
be eliminated until the knowledge of those laws which inevitably
sway the destinies of the world are known, and no hope exists that
the history of races can have other than an empirical value unless the
causes which produce their idios3aicracies can be ascertained.
It is not only in these departments that accuracy is to be expected
to attend the completion of the physical history of humanity. It is
alike applicable to the efforts of hygienic science to preserve the
health of the world and to the physician who combats the diseases of
individuals. There lies hidden within this domain the nature of
those occult physiological forces that preside over the growth,
maturity, and decay of nations.
ENUMBRATION OF TABLES.
I respectfully submit the following statistical tables, illustrative of
the mental and physical disabilities occurring under the first, second,
third, and fourth drafts made under the enrollment act, showing the
number of drafted men exempted and ratio per 1,000 of those
exempted to the number examined by the several boards of enroll-
ment, and comparing these statistics with those of foreign countries.
Tables are also given showing the number of recruits and substi-
tutes examined, the number rejected by surgeons of boards of enroll-
ment, and the ratio rejected per 1,000 examined during the months of
September, October, November, and December, 1864, and January,
February, March, and April, 1865; in addition to which tables giving
the average height and chest measurements at expiration and inspira-
tion are annexed.
These statistical tables are 158 in number, and are divided as
follows.*
Tables Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 relate to the medical statistics of the first
draft, under call of July, 1863, viz:
Table No. 1, showing, by Congressional districts of each State, the
distinct diseases and disabilities, alphabetically arranged, for which
drafted men were found unfit for military service; also the total
number examined, total number exempted, and the ratio exempted
per 1,000 examined in each district, under the draft of 1863 (being the
first draft under the enrollment act).
*A11 tables here omitted; see explanatory foot-note (*), p. 679.
774 GORBESPOHDENCBy ETC.
Table No. 2, showing, by States, the distinct diseases and disabili-
ties, alphabetically arranged, for which drafted men were found nnfit
for military service; also the total number examined, total number
exempted, and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined in each State,
under the draft of 1863 (being the ftrst draft made under the enroll-
ment act).
Table No. 3, showing, by Congressional districts of each State, the
distinct diseases and disabilities, classified, for which drafted men
were found unfit for military service; also the total number exempted
in each district, total number examined, and the ratio exempted per
1,000 examined in the United States, under the draft of 1863 (being
the first draft made under the enrollment act).
Table No. 4, showing, by States, the distinct diseases and disabili-
ties, classified, for which drafted men were found unfit for military
service; also the total number exempted in each State, total number
examined, and ratio exempted per 1,000 examined in the United
States, under the draft of 1863 (being the first draft made under the
enrollment act).
Table No. 5, showing the total number examined, the total number
exempted, and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined for each dis-
tinct disease or disability, alphabetically arranged, in the United
States; also the total number examined, the total number exempted,
and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined for each disease or dis-
ability, alphabetically arranged, in each State, under the draft of 1863
(being the first draft under the enrollment act).
Table No. 6, showing the total number examined, the total number
exempted, and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined for each class
of diseases and disabilities in the United States; abo the total number
examined, the total number exempted, and the ratio exempted per
1,000 examined for each class of diseases and disabilities in each
State, under the draft of 1863 (being the first draft made under the
enrollment act).
Tables Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 contain the medical statistics of the
second draft, made for deficiencies arising under call of March 14,
1864, being the second draft under the enrollment act, as follows:
Table No. 7, showing, by Congressional districts of each State, the
distinct diseases and disabilities, alphabetically arranged, for which
drafted men were found unfit for military service; also the total num-
ber examined, the total number exempted, andiihe ratio exempted per
1,000 examined in each district, under the draft made under the call
of March 14, 1864 (being the second draft under the enrollment act).
Table No. 8, showing, by States, the distinct diseases and disabili-
ties, alphabetically arranged, for which drafted men are found unfit
for military service; also the total number examined, the total number
exempted, and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined in each State,
under the draft made under the call of March 14, 1864 (being the
second draft made under the enrollment act).
Table No. 9, showing, by Congressional districts of each State, the
distinct diseases and disabilities, classified, for which drafted men
were found unfit for military service ; e^ao the total number exempted
in each district, the total number examined, and the ratio exempted
per 1,000 examined in the United States, under the draft made under
the call of March 14, 1864 (being the second draft made under the
enrollment act).
Table No. 10, showing, by States, the distinct diseases and disabil-
ities, classified, for which drafted men were found unfit for militazy
UNION AUTHOBiriSS. 775
service; also the total nnmber exempted in each State, the total num-
ber examined, and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined in the
United States, nnder the draft made under the call of March 14, 1864
(being the second draft made nnder the enroUment act).
Table No. 11, showing the total nnmber examined, the total nnm-
ber exempted, and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined for each
distinct disease and disability, alphabetically arranged, in the United
States; also the total nnmber examined, the total number exempted,
and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined for each disease or dis-
ability, alphabetically arranged, in each State, under the draft made
under the call of March 14, 1864 (being the second draft made under
the enrollment act).
Table No. 12, showing the total number examined, the total num-
ber exempted, and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined for each
class of diseases and disabilities in the United States; also the total
number examined, the total number exempted, and the ratio exempted
X>er 1,000 examined for each class of diseases and disabilities in each
State, under the draft made under the call of March 14, 1864 (being
the second draft made under the enrollment act).
Tables Nos. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 present the medical statistics
of the third draft, made under call of July 18, 1864, and contain the
following data:
Table No. 13, showing, by Congressional districts of each State, the
distinct diseases and disabilities, alphabetically arranged, for which
drafted men were found unlit for military service; also the total num-
ber examined, the total number exempted, and the ratio exempted
per 1,000 examined in each district, under the draft made under the
call of July 18, 1864 (being the third draft made under the enrollment
act).
Table No. 14, showing, by States, the distinct diseases and disabil-
ities, alphabetically arranged, for which drafted men were found unfit
for military service; also the total number examined, the total num-
ber exempted, and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined in each
State, under the draft made under the call of July 18, 1864 (being the
third draft made under the enrollment act).
Table No. 16, showing, by Congressional districts of each State, the
distinct diseases and disabilities, classified, for which drafted men
were found unfit for military service ; also the total number exempted
in each district, the total number examined, and the ratio exempted
per 1,000 examined in the United States, under the draft made under
the call of July 18, 1864 (being the third draft made under the enroll-
ment act).
Table No. 16, showing, by States, the distinct diseases and disabil-
ities, classified, for which drafted men were found unfit for military
service; also the total number exempted in each State, the total num-
ber examined, and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined in the
United States, under the draft made under the call of July 18, 1864
(being the third draft made under the enrollment act).
Table No. 17, showing the total number examined, the total num-
ber exempted, and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined for each
distinct disease or disability, alphabetically arranged, in the United
States; also the total number examined, the total number exempted,
and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined for each disease or dis-
ability, alphabetically arranged, in each State, under the draft made
iinder the call of July 18, 1864 (being the third draft made under the
enrollment act).
776 GORRBSPONDENCEy ETC.
Table No. 18, showing the total number examined, the total num-
ber exempted, and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined for each
class of diseases and disabilities in the United States; also the total
number examined, the total number exempted, and tJie ratio exempted
per 1,000 examined for each class of diseases and disabilities in each
State, under the draft made under the call of July 18, 1864 (being the
third draft made under the enrollment act).
Tables Nos. 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24 relate to the fourth draft made
under the call of December 19, 1864, and give the following informa-
tion:
Table No. 19, showing, by Congressional districts of each State, the
distinct diseases and disabilities, alphabetically arranged, for which
drafted men were found unfit for miUtary service; also the total num-
ber examined, the total number exempted, and the ratio exempted
per 1,000 examined in each district, under the draft made under the
call of December 19, 1864 (being the fourth draft made under the
enrollment act).
Table No. 20, showing, by States, the distinct diseases and disabil-
ities, alphabetically arranged, for which drafted men were found unfit
for military service; also the total number examined, the total num-
ber exempted, and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined in each
State, under the draft made under the call of December 19, 1864 (being
the fourth draft made under the enrollment act).
Table No. 21, showing, by Congressional districts of each State,
the distinct diseases and disabilities, classified, for which drafted men
were found unfit for military service; also the total number exempted
in each district, the total number examined, and the ratio exempted
per 1,000 examined in the United States, under the draft made under
the call of December 19, 1864 (being the fourth draft made under Ihe
enrollment act).
Table No. 22, showing, by States, the distinct diseases and disabil-
ities, classified, for which drafted men were found unfit for military
service; also the total number exempted in each State, the total num-
ber examined, and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined in the
United States, under the draft made under the call of December 19,
1864 (being the fourth draft made under the enrollment act).
Table No. 23, showing the total number exempted, the total num-
ber examined, and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined for each
distinct disease and disability, alphabetically arranged, in the United
States; also the total number exempted, the total number examined,
and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined for each distinct disease
and disability, alphabetically arranged, in each State, under the dorsit
made under the call of December 19, 1864 (being the fourth draft
made under the enrollment act).
Table No. 24, showing the total number exempted, the total number
examined, and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined for each class
of diseases and disabilities in the United States; also the total num-
ber exempted, the total number examined, and the ratio exempted per
1,000 examined in each State, under the draft made under the call of
December 19, 1864 (being the fourth draft made under the enrollment
act).
In Tables Nos. 25, 26, 27, and 28 will be found the consolidated
medical results of all the drafts made under the enrollment act, and
from these tables may be learned the following statistical information:
Table No. 25, showing, by States, the distinct diseases and disabil-
ities, alphabetically arranged, for which drafted men were found unfit
UmON AUTHOBmBB. 777
for military service; also the total number examined, tlie total num-
ber exempted, and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined in each
State, under all the drafts made under the enrollment act.
Table No. 26, showing, by States, the distinct diseases and disabil-
ities, classified, for which drafted men were found unfit for military
service; also the total number exempted in each State, the total num-
ber examined, and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined in the United
States, under all the drafts made under the enrollment act.
Table No. 27, showing the total number exempted, the total num-
ber examined, and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined for each
distinct disease and disability, alphabetically arranged, in the United
States; also the total number exempted, the total number examined,
and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined for each disease and disa-
bility in each State, under all the drafts made under the enrollment
act.
Table No. 28, showing the total number exempted, the total number
examined, and the ratio exempted per 1,000 examined for each class
of diseases and disabilities in the United States; also the total num-
ber exempted, the total number examined, and the ratio exempted
jwr 1,000 examined in each State, under aU the drafts made under the
enrollment act.
The tables from No. 29 to No. 140, inclusive, exhibit by angular
lines the prevalence of diseases and disabilities for which drafted men
were exempted under all drafts, and are given for the purpose of
facilitating the study of Table No. 27, and render unnecessary a
minute examination and comparison with each other of the ratios indi-
cating the prevalence of diseases in each State and the United States.
Tables Nos. 141, 142, 143, 144, and 145 show the number of recruits
examined and rejected for physical or mental disabilities in the fol-
lowing manner:
Table No. 141, showing, by Congressional districts of each State,
the distinct diseases and disabilities, alphabetically arranged, for
which recruits were found unfit for service; also the total number
examined, total number rejected, and the ratio rejected per 1,000
examined in each district, for the months of September, October,
November, and December, 1864, and January, February, March, and
April, 1866.
Table No. 142, showing, by States, the distinct diseases and disabil-
ities, alphabetically arranged, for which recruits were found unfit for
service; also the total number examined, the total number rejected,
and the ratio rejected i)er 1,000 examined in each State, for the months
of September, October, November, and December, 1864, and January,
February, March, and April, 1865.
Table No. 143, showing, by Congressional districts of each State,
the distinct diseases and disabilities, classified, for which recruits were
found unfit for service; also the total number rejected in each district,
total number examined, and the ratio rejected per 1,000 examined in
the United States, for the months of September, October, November,
and December, 1864, and January, February, March, and April, 1865.
Table No. 144, showing, by States, the distinct diseases and disa-
bilities, classified, for which recruits were found unfit for service;
also the total number rejected in each State, total number examined,
and ratio rejected per 1,000 examined in the United States, for the
months of September, October, November, and December, 1864, and
January, February, March, and April, 1865.
778 COBRESPONDENCEy ETC.
Table No. 145, showing the total number of recruits examined, the
total number rejected, and the ratio rejected per 1,000 examined for
each distinct disease or disability, alphabetically arranged, in the
United States; also the total number examined, the total number
rejected, and the ratio rejected per 1,000 examined for each disease
or disability, alphabetically arranged, in each State, for the months
of September, October, November, and December, 1864, and January,
February, March, and April, 1865.
In the same manner as in the case of recruits. Tables Nos. 146, 147,
148, 149, and 150 illustrate the medical results of the examination of
substitutes.
Table No. 146, showing, by Congressional districts of each State,
the distinct diseases and disabilities, alphabetically arranged, for
which substitutes were found unfit for service; also the total number
examined, total number rejected, and the ratio rejected per 1,000
examined in each district, for the months of September, October,
November, and December, 1864, and January, February, March, and
April, 1865.
Table No. 147, showing, by States, the distinct diseases and disa-
bilities, alphabetically arranged, for which substitutes were found
unfit for service; also the total number examined, total number
rejected, and the ratio rejected per 1,000 examined in each State, for
the months of September, October, November, and December, 1864,
and January, February, March, and April, 1 865.
Table No. 148, showing, by Congressional districts of each State,
the distinct diseases and disabilities, classified, for which substitutes
were found unfit for service; also the total number rejected in each
district, total number examined, and the ratio rejected per 1,000
examined in the United States, for the months of September, October,
November, and December, 1864, and January, February, March, and
April, 1865.
Table No. 149, showing, by States, the distinct diseases and disa-
bilities, classified, for which substitutes were found unfit for service;
also the total number rejected in each State, total number examined,
and ratio rejected per 1,000 examined in the United States, for the
months of September, October, November, and December, 1864, and
January, February, March, and April, 1805.
Table No. 150, showing the total number of ^substitutes examined,
the total number rejected, and the ratio rejected per 1,000 examined
for each distinct disease or disability, alphabetically arranged, in the
United States; also the total number examined, the total number
rejected, and the ratio rejected per 1,000 examined for each disease
or disability, alphabetically arranged, in each State, for the months
of September, October, November, and December, 1864, and January,
February, March, and April, 1865.
Tables Noa. 151, 152, 153, 154, and 155 have been compiled from
the latest statistical records that could be obtained of Great Britain,
France, and Belgium, and are given for the purpose of comparison
with like statistics of the United States.
Table No. 151, showing the causes of rejection of the recruits
found unfit for service at the headquarters of each of the recruiting
districts in Great Britain, in the ten years from April 1, 1842, to
March 31, 1852.
Table No. 152, showing the number of young men exempted from
military service on account of physical unfitness in France in each
year from 1831 to 1843, inclusive, and si)ecifying the various causes
UNION AUTHOBITIE8. 779
of exemption. (Compiled from the '^ Gomptes Bendus au Roi snr le
Reeratement de rArm^.")
Table No. 153, showing the number of enrolled militia and differ-
ent causes of exemption during the period of five years from 1851 to
1855 in each of the provinces of Belgium. (Document '^Statistiques
publics par le Ministre de Tlnt^rieur:" Bruxelles, 1857.)
Table No. 154, showing the number of recruits examined, the num-
ber rejected for physical and mental disability, and the ratio rejected
per 1,000 examined in Great Britain, for each year from 1832 to 1851,
and from 1860 to 1862, inclusive; also giving the total examinations,
total rejections for physical and mental disability, and the ratio per
1,000 rejected.
Table No. 155, showing the number of young men examined, num-
ber exempted for physical and mental disability, and the ratio per
1,000 exempted in France in each year from 1831 to 1843, inclusive.
(Compiled from the ^'Comptes Rendus au Roi sur le Recrutement de
FArmie.")
Table No. 156, showing the ratios of exemptions or rejections from
military service for mental and physical infirmities in the United
States, France, Great Britain, and Belgium.
Table No. 157, showing, by nationalities, the average height and
chest measurements at expiration and inspiration of 340,179 drafted
men, recruits, and substitutes examined by the several boards of
enrollment of the United States for military service.
Table No. 158, showing, by States, the average height and chest
measurements at expiration and inspiration of 233,806 drafted men,
recruits, and substitutes, natives of the United States, examined for
military service.
In preparing the statistical tables of height and chest measurement
it is to be regretted that sufficient time was not permitted in which to
oompUe them in the more preferable and scientific manner which is
now adopted by statisticians, viz, the number examined of each
nationality of each particular height or chest measurement. It is,
however, believed that they will be of interest and practical value in
the form in which they are presented.
In conclusion, I have the honor to state that some discrepancy will
be observed in the results of the number examined and exempted,
given in the tables herewith submitted, and those submitted by the
Enrollment Branch of your Bureau. It does not, however, materially
affect the ratio of exemptions, and arises from the fact that, in a few
cases, later retui-ns have been received by the Enrollment Branch than
those on file in this office.
In a few districts the reports are not incorporated in the tables pre-
sented on account of being imperfect.
The ratio exempted for physical or mental disability per 1,000
examined in the fourth draft may seem disproportionately small when
compared with the results of the other drafts. In the fourth draft
many men who reported to boards of enrollment were discharged by
the order discontinuing recruiting and drafting, and although they
are counted in the total examined by the Board, yet numbers who
would probably have been exempted for physical disabilities were not
examined by the surgeon, such examination being unnecessary, as the
drafted men were discharged by the order above cited.
It is respectfully submitted that the valuable and interesting
information contained in the reports and records on file in this branch
of your Bureau should not be lost, and that it would be not only of
780
OOBBESPOHDBNCB, ETC.
interest, but scientific importance, that minute reaulta deduced there>
from should be made public.
I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient
servant,
J. H. BAXTER,
Surgeon and BvL Col. U. S. Vols,y and
Chief Medical Officer Provost^MarahairOenerdra Bureau.
ScHSDULB A.^Lui of offieerM who have been on diUif under the Medieal BramA
of the Provo9t-Marthal-Oenerar9 Bureau Binoe ite orgamzaUon,
Va
K«
Under whoM
aothority.
Bftxter, J. H. (brevet oolooel) Sarg^n, IJ. aVol- SecreteryofWsr
MeXibbin, D. J
ttt«wftrt.W.D
Moeee. IwmIa
C«]itweU,J.T
Fiaber.J. C
Mnnlck, Oeorge A. a..
MoDtfnao^W.J.b .
DeUnj.Alfreda....
BiidoUflre,B.J.a
8taatoii,J.0.6
Biier.M
8teTeoe,Joeeph..
B6ynoldi,F
MoDoweU, A. W .
Mcrritt,DftTide..
OTeelj,G.P
Hftrrie. E.B.6....
WoBMtler, G. e . .
MoKlUen, G. W . .
MoUlDrd^W.C....
Miltor.G.W
Tniatma]i,C.T...
Cainiiiiiin,G. W.
Paine, RTB
.do.
.do.
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.do.
▼olanteen.
..do.
Burgeon, First
Army Gorpe.
... do
....do
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Aeaietantsi
FlratArm:
inrveon,
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Date of •■•
•ifnnent
to duty.
Jan. ]1,1MA
Feb. 10.ia64
Aug. 8.
Sept-li.
Sept.M.
Dee. »,
Har. 18.
Har. ».
ICar. 8.
ICar. 18,
Mar. 18,
Mar. 24,
Mar.2S,
1884
1884
1884
1886
1886
1M6
1886
1886
1886
April 8,
April 8,
1866
1886
AprilKl
Mar. lfi.1
Mar. 16.
Mar. 18,
Mar.tt.
Mar. 88,
1886
1886
Dalaoferdv
relioTiBf
Jane 2,1866
Dec 21,1884
May 22.18a
Oei. 28,1864
Get. 28.18»
Get. 81,1866
Sept. 2.18»
Mar. 24.1816
Mar. 94.18a
Jaaal8Cl866
Mar. 81.18»
JaBel«,]8»
Get. 18.1866
Aprfl 7.1864
AptU22.1866
Jane 18^ 18a
Mar. M.]8»
Mar. M.18K
Mar. Sl,18»
Mar. n. 1866
• Tbeae offioers were on daty for short periods with boarda appointed for the irrnminatitni «f
enlisted men for transfer to the veteran Beeerre Corps, bat no copies of the spedal orders reUeTiag
thmn have evar been famished this office.
b Mastered oat d serrioe. e Reported for da^, bat not aasigned.
DOCUMSNT No. 9.
Report of the Disbursing Branch of Provost-Marshal-GeneraTs
Bureau.
Bvt.
War Department,
Provost-Marshal-General's Office.
Washington^ D, C, January 7, 1866.
Maj. Gen. James B. Fry,
Provost-Marshal' General United Stales :
General: In obedience to yonr instmotiGns I have the honor to
submit the following report of the operations of the Disbursing Branch
of this Bureau:
In conformity with the act approved March 3, 1863, creating a Pro-
vostrMarshal-General's Bureau, and making it the duty of the Pirovostr
Marshal-General *' to audit all accounts connected with the service
under his direction," a disbursing branch was organized, and a chief
officer placed in charge, with four assistant disbursing offioers, whose
uiaoN AUTHOBmsa. 781
duties were the examination and payment of all aooounts pertaining
to the Bureau.
Funds were deposited at principal points throughout the country
with the several assistant treasurers and designated depositaries, and
held subject to the order and for the payment of checks drawn by the
disbursing officers above mentioned.
This course was deemed safer, more expeditious and economical,
and was adopted instead of the more expensive mode of appointing
disbursing officers at numerous points, or intrusting public moneys
in the hands of provost-marshals, who, however trustworthy, were
from their inexperience thought to be unfitted for such responsible
and intricate duties, and whose time, moreover, would doubtless be
fully occupied with the other duties of their office.
A geographical division of labor, each division paying all classes of
accounts incurred in its section, was the course pursued until July 1,
1864, when the system was entirely and advantageously changed.
Since that date the salaries of all employes have been paid by the
First and Second Divisions, the former pa3ring the districts of the
Eastern and the latter those of the Western States. The payments
of all other accounts have been divided between the Third and Fourth
Divisions as follows:
Third Division : Travel pay of discharged drafted men, postage, tele-
grams, advertising, subsistence, and lodging, and expenses incurred
in the arrest or pursuit of deserters.
Fourth Division: Purchases of public property of this Bureau, rent,
and transportation; the latter class of accounts being very large and
involving more labor than those first mentioned.
Since April, 1865, reductions have been made both in the divisions
and Uie clerical force employed therein, as rapidly as the public
interests would admit; and at this date but one of the four di^bsions
remains for the payment of outstanding claims.
A statement (No. 1) giving the names, date of assignment, <fec., of
all officers detailed for duty in this branch will be found annexed to
this report
The internal arrangement of this branch is similar in most respects,
as far as regards the hours and division of labor, classification of
clerical force, amount of compensation, <fec., to that of the other
military bureaus.
The largest number of clerks on duty at any one time was during
the month of January, 1865, when there were seventy-one employed.
The number as shown by the report for October, 1865, was thirty,
and a careful computation shows an average of fifty-four per month
for the entire period of the operations of this branch.
In order to form some idea of the duties discharged by this clerical
force, the following statement is submitted, which, when it is con-
sidered that every letter and account received has been subjected to
a careful examination and to all the checks that secure complete
action, it will be seen that the force employed was as limited as the
circumstances would possibly admit.
Of letters received, indorsements made, letters sent, and accounts
examined and paid from May, 1863, to January, 1866, there were —
Letters received 69,867
Letters sent 20,659
Indorsements made 20,929
Accounts examined and paid 106,898
Checks drawn 156,127
782 COBBB8PONDBNCE, ETC.
BMPLOYiS.
All appointments of employ^ for duty in the offices of provost-
marshal and acting assistant provost-marshals-general have been
made by this branch since the date of its organization, ¥rith the
exception of those for California, Nevada, and Oregon, and Wash-
ington Territory, which on account of their remoteness have been
made by the acting assistant provost-marshals-general of the States
and Territory referred to.
The course pursued, and which has proved entirely satisfactory,
has been to require provost-marshals to submit the name of the
employ^, the necessity for the employment, and whether permanent
or temporary, and in the latter instance the probable duration of the
same; and in the case of regular clerks to submit also a si>ecimen of
their handwriting. The approval or disapproval of the acting assist-
ant provost-mar^Lal-general has been required in every instance, and
though not accepted as final, it has proved of material assistance in
deciding upon the merits of or necessity for the appointment. The
several employes of provost-marshals are designated and known as
clerks, deputy provost-marshals, special agents, assistant surgeons,
enrolling and notifying oficers, civil guards, and janitors.
The duties of deputy provost-marshals and special agents are
similar in character, viz, the pursuit and arrest of deserters. The
former, however, are held to be more i>ermanent and reliable officers,
frequently assisting the provost-marshals in other duties, such as
the correction of enrollment lists, instructing enrolling officers when
remote from headquarters, &c., whilst the latter are confined to the
one line of duty, and their employment often of a temporary char-
acter, many of them accepting the authorized reward for the arrest
of deserters in lieu of a stated compensation.
The duties of the other employ^ are sufficiently indicated by their
several designations, and are fully set forth in the regulations of the
Bureau.
The average number employed in each district has been about three
clerks, five temporary clerks, four deputies, three special agents, one
assistant surgeon, and one janitor.
To include the members of boards of enrollment, civil guards,
enrolling officers, and persons whose services were only occasionally
required, would show during active operations an average estimate of
twenty-five persons to each district.
Although every effort has been made to keep the number of employ^
within the limits prescribed by regulations, circular, dkc, yet experi-
ence has conclusively shown that while a general average might be
maintained, no positive standard could be adopted without manifest
injury to the interests of the service; for what would more than
suffice for the proper performance of the duties of one district, would,
from local and other causes, be wholly inadequate in another.
On the 31st day of October, 1864, the total number of officers and
employ^ of the Provost-Marshal-Generars Bureau was 4,716, at a
cost per month of $311,868.40.
Alx>ut the latter part of April a diminution was commenced, and
by the 31st day'of October, 1865, the force was reduced to 383, at a
cost per month of $35,050.32.
On the 31st day of December last all provost-marshals and their
clerks were discharged, and all expenses connected with the enroll-
ment and draft fund dosed except the pajrment of outstanding claims.
UKION AUTHORITIES. 788
AppointmentB under this Bureau have been to a great extent filled
by discharged soldiers — they being always preferred when found
capable of performing the duties.
Appendix Ko. 2 will show the number and classification of all per-
sons employed in the offices of provost-marshals and acting assistant
provost-marshals-general thix>ughout the States on the 31st day of
October, 1864 and 1866.*
PAYMENTS.
The jMincipal business of this branch, with its divisions and subdi-
visions as heretofore described, may be divided into two classes — ^pay-
ments of employ^ and payments of all other accounts. All x)ersons
employed by provost-marshals and acting assistant provost-marshals-
general, with the exception of commissioned officers and enlisted men,
are paid monthly on receipt rolls, or on vouchers in cases where it has
been found impracticable to bear their names on the receipt roll for
the month in which the services were rendered. The rates of pay
allowed the several grades of employes of this Bureau are as follows:
Clerks per month.. $75.00 to $160.00
Depnty prov ost-marshals do 100. 00
Special agents do 65.00 100.00
Assistant surgeons do 100.00
Janitors do 40.00
Clerks, temporary perday.. 2.00 8.00
Enrolling onlcerB do 8.00
Civilian guards do 1.50 2.50
In consequence of the very high rates of all kinds of labor, cost of
living, <jbc., in the States and Territories on the Pacific Coast, and in
order to maintain some degree of uniformity with the same class of
expenditures in the Eastern and Western States, instructions were
given in August, 1864, to pay all employ^ in gold at the rates above
mentioned.
The total amount disbursed by this branch from date of oxvanisa-
tion to January 1, 1866, was, on account of enrollment anddraft. $8, 067, 487. 27
Incidental expenses Quartermaster's Department 119, 204. 89
Total 8,186,642.16
Of this amount there was paid —
Forservices $6,205,994.73
For rent 210,680.97
For transportation 508,942.93
For purchase of public property 144, 788. 22
For mcidental expenses Quartermaster's Depart-
ment 119,204.89
For advertising 150,466.85
For stationery and printing 308, 025. 31
For miscellaneous accounts 529, 593. 26
8,186,642.16
The amount paid for services as above set forth does not include
the pay of provost-marshals, commissioners, and sui-geons, who were
paid by the Pay Department of the Army to the extent of about
$1,740,000.
For amounts i-eceived and disbursed by each disbursing officer of
this branch, see Appendix No. S.f
* Statement (here omitted) shows 8,248 on October 81, 1864, and 806 on October
81, 1865. *'0n December 81, 1865, all these employte were discharged with the
exception of a limited number of clerks transferred to the offices of the several
acting assistantprovost-marshals-general."
t Omitted. The total amount disbursed was $8,186,642.16, as shown above.
784 COBBE8PONDENGE, ETC.
The Bystem of making all payments in one office has been found,
after an experience of three years, to possess decided advantages over
that of making payments through the medium of disbursing officers
stationed at different x>oints throughout the country. Some of the
advantages which the practical administration of the system has
shown may be enumerated as follows :
First. It secures greater expedition, for the reason that a large pro-
X)ortion of the claims are for contingent expenditures, and which it
would be necessary to refer to the Bureau for approval before paying,
and so incurring unnecessary delay.
Second. It is more economical, it being well understood that the
reduction of any of the forms of labor to a specialty secures not only
superior i-esults, but the greatest possible saving.
Third. It is more equitable to the parties in interest, for by the
consolidation of all payments in one office all precedents and other
evidence upon which to base a decision are within immediate reach,
to the full extent of its financial operations, thus securing uniformity
and correctness of action.
COMMUTATION MONEY.
Section 13 of the act for enrolling and calling out the national forces,
and for other purposes, approved March 3, 1863, provided that "any
I)erson drafted and notified to appear ♦ ♦ ♦ may pay to such
person as the Secretary of War may authorize to receive it, a sum for
the procuration of a substitute, not exceeding three hundred dollars,"
and this maximum sum was accordingly fixed as the amount of com-
mutation money to be paid by a dra^d man to secure exemption
from military service.
In order to avoid the large expense of making special appointments
of persons to receive this money, the collectors of internal revenue
wei*e directed, in addition to their other duties, to act as "receivers
of commutation money," subject to such instructions as might be
prescribed by the Provost-Marshal-General.
The whole amount of commutation money received up to January
1, 1866, was $26,366,616.78.
The whole expense of collecting these twenty-six millions of com-
mutation money was the comparatively trifling sum of $176,758.37, or
less than seven-tenths of 1 per cent. This includes all incidental
expenses and the percentage paid receivers on the sums received, the
latter being graduated as follows:
On the first $10,000, 2^ per cent. ; on the next $15,000, 2 per cent.;
on the second $25,0(X), 1 per cent. ; on the third $25,000 one-fourth of
1 per cent. ; on all sums above $1()0,000, one-eighth of 1 per cent.
By the last clause of section 2, act approved July 4, 1864, the pay-
ment of commutation money, except by "non-combatants," was
abolished, each able-bodied drafted man being required to serve in
person or furnish an acceptable substitute.
The persons known as "non-combatants," and further described in
section 10 of the act first mentioned, were exempted on payment of
$300, which money, amounting in the aggregate to $463,987.53, was
deposited to the credit of the fund for "sick and wounded soldiers."
There is no commutation money remaining in the hands of receivers,
all such funds having been deposited in the U. S. Treasury, and the
accounts closed.
ximov AUTHORinEg. 785
Beoeivers have, with but few exoeptions, promptly deposited with
the aflsistant treasurers and designated depositaries the sums received
by them, and have rendered statements of the same with commenda-
ble accuracy.
REMARKS.
The leasing of premises required for the use of provost-marshals
has from several causes involved considerable labor and correspond-
ence. The dificulties arising from it have, however, in some meas-
ure, been obviated by the adoption of a form of lease, the terms of
which are thought just and equitable, and so far simplified as to be
readily comprehended, and by requiring all provost-marshals to show
the necessity for agreements made by them, the specific purpose for
which the premises are to be used, and whether temjwrarily or other-
wise. All expensive dwellings, excessive rates, and vague or indefi-
nitely worded leases have invariably been disapproved.
Any discrepancy or informality appearing in accounts has been
made a matter of immediate investigation, no incorrect voucher being
filed away to await the action of the claimant.
A large number of disallowed claims have been transmitted for
reconsideration and adjustment, and in cases where additional and
satisfactory evidence of the validity of the claim has been adduced
payment has been allowed.
During the early part of last year accounts of several of the disburs-
ing offlcera of this Bureau were referred, by the Second and Third
Auditors U. S. Treasury, for "oflftcial examination;" but, in conse-
quence of the pressure of current business of the office, this examina-
tion was not commenced until quite recently, but is now rapidly
progressing, and is likely to be completed at an early period. These
accounts, as well as those lately received, are rigidly scrutinized, in
order that it may be ascertained that the regulations, circulars, Ac,
have been properly complied with.
The Bureau (so far as pertains to the enrollment and draft) may
properly be termed self-sustaining, for the reason that not a single
dollar has been appropriated by Congress for its supx)ort, or for the
liquidation of any part of the large expenditures that have been
incurred thereby during the entire period of its operations.
The •26,366,616.78 commutation money received from drafted men
for the procurement of sAbstitutes has probably been as profitably
and successfully employed as any similar amount obtained by contri-
bution or legislative enactment.
Not only have the expenses incident to the employment of a vast
corps of clerks, deputies, special agents, enrolling officers, and the
miscellaneous expenditures pertaining to the whole machinery of the
draft been defrayed from this fund, but it has placed 168,649 drafted
men in the Army, besides enlisting, through the instrumentality of
its provost-marshals, over 1,000,000 of volunteers and substitutes.
The value of these results and of the great saving to. the Govern-
ment will be more clearly understood when it is considered that the
money received from the 87,874 men who paid commutation money
was ostensibly for the procuration of a similar number to fill their
places; whereas this Bureau has not only placed twelve times that
number in the Army, and defrayed the entire expenditure of the draft,
as before stated, but has now remaining to its credit (or the credit of
the fund) several millions of dollars — more than sufficient to cover
HO R R— SERIES ni, VOL V
786 OORBESPONDENGE, ETC.
the whole amount expended by the Pay Department for pay of pro-
voBt-marshalB, commissioners, surgeons, and officers detailed for duty
in the Bureau.
It may, therefore, be claimed that every man placed in the Army by
this Bureau, over and above the 87,874 above mentioned, were placed
there without expense to the Grovemment and furthermore, that the
draft itself did not cost the Nation a single dollar.
Attention is respectfully invited to the ''historical report" of this
branch, recently submitted, in which will be found a detailed exhibit
of its affairs, together with many items of exclusively bureau interest
which are of necessity omitted in so brief a statement as this.
I would not do justice to my own feelings if I were to conclude this
rex>ort without acknowledging my great indebtedness to the officers
and employes of this branch for their cordial and zealous assistance,
or if I were to omit to bear testimony to the faithful and efficient
manner in which they have invariably performed their arduous and
responsible duties.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
H. R. RATHBONE,
Capty Twdflh Irdhf.^ and Bvt. Mc^., U, 8, Armyy md
MoQ. and A. A. O, of Vola,^ in Charge D' '
\ Diabvo'sing Branch,
UKION A0THORITIS8.
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COBBESPONDENCE, ETC.
COMHUTATION.
The amounts of oommutation money received by receivers thereof
(collectors of internal revenue) under the act of March 3, 1863, and
aex>osited by them with the U. ». Treasurer, assistant treasurers, and
designated depositaries, Ac, to your credit, as Provost-Marshal-Gen-
eral, from July 18, 1863, the date of the first transaction, to Febro-
ary 23, 1864, the date at which the final balance remaining in your
hands was turned over to the Treasurer of the United States in com-
pliance with the joint resolution aforesaid, are as follows.*
ReoapitukUian of commutation moneg by States.
Steto.
NewHftinpthin
Vermont
MMuehtuetto
Rhode UUnd
Conneoticat
KeirTork
New Jersey
PenniylTAnia
DeUwftre
Ihrylaod
District of Colnmbift. .
KeDtneky
Ohio
MiniMMtft
niinoie
IndiAoa
Miohtgan
Wisoonsin
lowft
Total 15,408,800.00 10,M2,609.S6
Deposited to the cndttof—
Mar8hal.G«ii-
enL
Tnmaxfst
United StiOee,
Not. 1,1864.
TrsMorsr
United States,
Deo. 81. 1805.
0682,300.00
171.300.00
581.000.00
1,061,800.00
138.800.00
460.800.00
4,714,500.00
5.880.800.00
128.700.00
284.100.00
05,400.00
405.00a00
1.400,100.00
016,800.00
87,800.00
31,200.00
648,000.00
1.500.00
6,000.00
753,280.25
1,100.700.00
8.801,800.00
287.100.00
818.800.00
800.00
942.300.00
1,035.800.00
807,800.00
8,100.00
48,800.00
101.700.00
28,600.00
011,100.00
800.00
12,000.00
1,600.00
1.200.00
18.000.00
06,000.00
142.200.00
300.00
28,600.00
000.00
55,280.00
42,787.68
0,000.00
7. 800.00
186,000.00
17,400.00
6,000.00
22,800.00
660,217.58
TotaL
9610,900.00
S06.5OO.0O
608,400100
1,610.400.00
141,8001 00
457.50a00
5.485.780.25
1.906.70a00
8| 634. 800. 00
410,100l00
i.isi,ooaoo
06.800.00
007.580100
1,878,087.58
816,800100
IBwOOOiOO
»S.500l00
614.700.00
26,866,616178
Total oommntetion money reoeired 080; 866, 616. 78
Add donations and amount left by deserters, 4ko 1,675.86
Total reoeiTed 86.866, 28in
Deduct—
Depoeited for aiok and woanded soldiers 0468.887.58
Disbursed on aoconnt of enrollment and draft 4,870,706.15
Disbursed on aoooant of premiams and bonntlea 11,886,070.88
In hands of officers 111,042.10
Returned by dlsbnxsing officers to Treasury 78.828.00
Unaooountedfora... 85,028.80
16.066.000.28
BaliiBce arailable in Treasury, as shown by books of thla Bttxeaa 0.41S.2S8.46
Deduct settlements by Second Auditor 186.880.00
8,270.868.45
111,042.19
In bands of officers .
Total avaiUble January 1,1866 0,800,405.04
sKOTB.— Two hundred and seventy dolUrs deposited by Capt J. MoL.Hildt to the cndit of the
Treasurer of the United States (III T, 06) has not been included In the above amount, altbouch the
oertiticates are on lile in this office, for the reason that the amount should be credited to appropiiatioB
for "pay of volunteers," as appears firom information on file in disbursing branoh.
Duburaementa by officers of the ProvoBt-Marshal-OeneraVs Bureau from itt or-
ganization to December SI, 1865 {being itemized from July i, 186J^, to December
Sly 1866 y inclusive), \
* Details omitted; see general snmmary in report of Provost-liarshal-Gteneral
nnder the heads " Commutation Money" and " Disbursements, Acconnta, etc,**
pp. 083, 684, and the recapitulation following.
t Details omitted in view of the recapitulation following.
UNION AUTHOBITIBB.
789
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790 OOBRESPONDBNCB, ETC.
Document No. 10.
Historical report of the disbursements in the Volurdeer Recruiting
Branchy Provost-Marshal-QeneraPs Bureau.
War Dkpt., Provost-Marshal-Gbnebal's Office,
Washingiony D. C, February i, 1S66.
Bvt. Maj. Gen. James B. Fry,
Provost-Marshalr General :
General: I have the honor to submit a historical report of the
operations of this branch of your Bureau from its organization to
January 1, 1866:
ORaANIZATION OF OFFICE.
The first appropriation for collecting, drilling, and organizing vol-
unteers was made by Congress August 5, 1861, the disbursement of
which was placed under the control and direction of the Adjutant-
General of the Army, but the records do not show that any separate
branch was established for the purpose of managing the disbursement
of this fund untU May, 1862, and the records of the office did not get
fairly under way until the middle of June, 1862.
Lieut. Col. W. A. Nichols, assistant adjutant-general, was placed
in charge at the opening of the office, and remained so until May 1,
1863— the date upon which the recruitment of the volunteer forces
was placed under your control — when he was relieved by Maj. O. D.
Greene, assistant adjutant-general.
Major Greene was relieved by me August 26, 1863, since which time
I have remained in charge of the office.
RECORDS.
At the opening of the office the record books prescribed by the regu-
lations of the Adjutant-General's Department were established, but as
the business of the office increased it became necessary from time to
time to introduce other books of record, which will be described in
their proper places hereafter, in connection with the subject-matter
to which they appertain.
APPROPRIATION FOR COLLECTINO, DRILLINO, AND ORGANIZING VOL-
UNTEERS.
The total amount appropriated by Congress for collecting, drilling,
and organizing volunteers is as follows:
For fiscal year ended Jtine 90—
1862 120,000,000.00
1863 6,000,000.00
1864 10,700,000.00
1805 6,000,000.00
Total amoimt appropriated 40,700,000.00
Total amount expended to January 1,1866 $27,427,126.62
Total amonnt in hands of disborsmg officers Janu-
ary 1, 1866 1,164.188.00
Total amount drawn from the Treasury January 1, 1866 28, 501, 814. 68
Bemaining in the U. S. Treasury January 1, 1866 12,106,685.88
Total amount of expenditure for fiscal year ended September 90—
1862 $18,770,897.27
1868 7,819,603.40
1864 4,164,741.51
1865 1.482.281.73
UNION AUTH0EIT1E8.
791
General Orders, No. 68, of August 15, 1861, from the Adjutant-
GeneraPs Office, appoint the officers of the Regular Army on mustering
duty throughout the United States disbursing officers of the funds
appropriated by Congress for collecting, drilling, and organizing
volunteers, and charge them with the payment of all proper claims
duly authenticated and certified by the various recruiting volunteer
officers. This order also directs disbursements to be made in the
manner prescribed for the recruiting service of the Regular Army.
General Orders, No. 70, of September 3, 1861, from the Adjutant-
General's Office, announce what this appropriation is intended for,
and define and prescribe the accounts and expenses which shall be
paid from it.
In accordance with these orders requisitions for funds were made
by the officers charged with disbursements, and for the purpose of
keeping a correct record of all requisitions drawn upon the Secretary
of War from the fund, a book, known as " Register of Requisitions,
Volunteer Service," was opened, headed as follows:
Ko.
Bulk.
NMDMofoffloen
for whom f^ds
an required.
Begimenta.
SUtione.
Date of reqnifti-
Amonnt.
Remarke.
It was found necessary to open an account with each officer to whose
credit funds had been placed. For this purxK)se a book, known as
"Volunteer Disbursing Service, Monthly Statements," was oi)ened,
headed as follows:
Date.
Amonntoa hand
laat month.
Amomit reoaived.
Amonnt expended
and aocounied for.
Amonnt on hand.
Remarks.
EXAMINATION OF CLAIMS PRIOR TO MAY 1. 1863.
Disbursing officers continued until December, 1862, to pay accounts
of recruiting officers and others, in accordance with General Orders,
No. 70, of 1861; but owing to their inexperience in this line of duty
many claims were paid which had been made up and presented by
unprincipled parties for the purpose of defrauding the United States.
In order to put a stop to this nefarious business, and to protect the
Government against such frauds, it was found necessary to issue
General Orders, No. 198, of December 3, 1862, from the Adjutant-
General's Office. This order prohibited disbursing officers from pay-
ing any accounts for expenses incurred in collecting, drilling, and
organizing volunteers prior to July 1, 1862, unless such account had
been audited and ordered paid by the War Department.
In consequence of this orde^ numerous claims of this class were
referred to this office by disbursing officers, which greatly increased
the business of the office. Brig. Gen. W. Scott Ketchum was desig-
nated by the Secretary of War to audit this class of accounts, under
792 OO&RESPONDENCE, ETC.
special inBtrnctions from him. The manner of procedure in examin-
ing them is as follows: When an account is received at this office it
is entered in the book of '* Letters Received," the amount of the
account, the company and regiment for which the ezi>en8e was
incurred, and the nature of the service rendered, or the expense
incurred, is stated. The account then passes into the hands of the
examining clerk, who gives it a critical and thorough examination,
comparing all dates, ^c, given therein with the muster-rolls and other
records of the Adjutant-General's Office which are likely to throw
any light upon the case. When subsistence, lodgings, and transpor-
tation of recruits are charged, and the names of the recruits are given,
reference is made to the muster-in rolls to see if said recruits have
been mustered into the U. S. service, and the dates of enlistment and
muster-in are compared with the dates given in the accounts, so that
any expense incurred for a recruit prior to enlistment, or subsequent
to muster into the IT. S. service, may be deducted or disallowed.
When the signature of the officer certifying to the account looks
suspicious, or forgery is suspected, it is compared with the same
officer's signature on any muster-roll or other official paper on file in
the Adjutant-General's Office. Where the reg^nlations have not been
complied with in every particular, such fact is noted. The result of
the examination is briefly stated, and with the account is submitted
to G^eneral Ketchum for official action. When the account has been
acted upon, indorsed by that officer and returned to this offioe, it is
copied in the '* Indorsement Book," and when the account is ordered
X>aid it is referred to the proper disbursing officer for payment.
Where exceptions are taken to the account it is referred to the
disbursing officer nearest the residence of claimant, with instructions
to furnish him or his attorney, as the case may be, with a copy of the
indorsement of the War Department, in order to give him (claimant)
an opportunity to perfect his claim and establish its justness.
Where a claim has been found fraudulent and rejected it is referred
to Bvt. Col. L. C. Turner, judge-advocate, U. S. Army, in order
that the rejection may be confirmed, or, in case there be good grounds
for prosecuting the parties presenting the same, under the act of
Congress approved March 2, 1863, to prevent and punish frauds upon
the Government of the United States, that proceedings may be insti-
tuted against them by the U. S. attorney for that district. Should
the claim be returned to this office by Colonel Turner as rightly
rejected, it is filed and not reconsidered or returned to claimant wi^out
special instructions from the Secretary of War.
All claims for expenses incurred in connection with the recruiting
service prior to May 1, 1863, are audited by General Ketchum.
DRAFT ACCOUNTS, 18®.
The Secretary of War having ordered that certain expenses incurred
in enrolling and drafting 300,000 militia for nine months' service,
under the order of the Pi^ident of the United States of August 4,
1862, be paid from this appropriation, all accounts for expenses
incurred under this call are examined in this office, under the regula-
tions of the Army and General Orders, No. 99, of August 9; No, 121,
of August 29, and No. 201, of December 8, 1862, from the Adjutant-
General's Office, and submitted to the War Department. When acted
upon and returned they are disposed of in the same manner as
accounts of recruiting officers, heretofore described.
Separate books were opened to keep the record of this class of
accounts, but they were found impracticable, unnecessary, and they
UNION AUTHOWTIEB. 793
were abandoned. The book of "Letters Received," "Indorsement
Book," and "Letter Book" give a full history of such accounts.
The number of claims of recruiting officers and others for expenses
incurred in recruiting volunteers prior to May 1, 1863, examined in
this office and acted upon by the War Department, to January 1,
1866, IS 4,402. Of this number 745 were rejected and referred to
Bvt. Col. L. C. Turner, judge-advocate, U. S. Army.
The draft accounts of the following States have also been examined
in this office: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, New
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Indiana,
Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, Iowa.
These account.s were forwarded by the Governors of the resi)ective
States to the Adjutant-General of the Army, in compliance with
General Orders, No. 201, of December 8, 1862, from the Adjutant-
General's Office. In order to give some idea of the amount of labor
expended on them, it may be well to state that some of them consisted
of over 6,000 vouchers, and that each voucher received a separate
examination.
EXAMINATION OF CLAIMS SUBSEQUENT TO MAY 1, 1868.
The recruitment of the volunteer forces of the United States having
been placed under your control May 1, 1863, all claims of recruiting
officers and others for expenses incurred in recruiting subsequent
to that date are examined and acted upon in this office.
The examination of these claims is conducted in the same manner
and under the same general rules and regulations as those for
expenses incurred prior to May 1, 1863, to November 13, 1863,
when the regulations were somewhat modified by Greneral Orders,
No. 366, of November 13, 1863, from the Adjutant-General's Office,
and subsequently by General Orders, No. 131, of March 31, 1864,
from the same office, which last order rescinded General Orders,
No. 75, of 1862. The number of claims of recruiting officers and
others for expenses incurred in connection with the recruiting
service subsequent to May 1, 1863, examined and acted upon in
this office to January 1, 1866, is 4,603; of this number 674 have been
rejected or disallowed.
Large numbers of claims for expenses incurred, both prior and sub-
sequent to May 1, 1863, still continue to be presented.
PREMinMS.
General Orders, No. 74, of July 7, 1862, from the Adjutant-Gen-
eraPs Office, authorized the following premiums to be paid from the
fund for collecting, drilling, and organizing volunteers, viz: For vol-
unteer recruits for old regiments, $3 ; for new regiments, $2 ; to be x>aid
either to the person bringing the recruit or to the recruit in person,
in case he presents himself, as soon as the recruit had been inspected
by the surgeon and mustered in.
The payment of a premium of $4 to recruits for old regiments was
authorized by letter from the Adjutant-Greneral's Office July 26, 1862,
for the purpose of rapidly filling up old volunteer regiments.
These premiums were, as a general rule, paid by the disbursing
officers; but when not paid by them General Orders, No. 90, of April
7, 1863, direct that the premium shall be entered on the muster-in
roll, and so continued upon every subsequent muster and pay roll
until the soldier is paid by a paymaster.
794
CORRESPONDENCE! ETC.
Premiams continued to be paid in accordance with the foregoing
orders and instructions until June 4, 1863, when Qeneral Orders, No.
163, of that date, from the Adjutant-General's Office were issued,
which limited the premium to volunteer recruits to $2. In accord-
ance with the last-mentioned order this premium was x>aid until Jan-
uary 11, 1864, when General Orders, No. 16, were issued, annulling
all orders previously issued authorizing the payment of this premiunL
This order, however, was not intended to apply to colored recruits,
and a premium of $2 was continued to be paid to them until July 19,
1864, when Circular No. 27 from this office was issued prohibiting the
payment of all premiums for the presentation of recruits.
Circular of October 24, 1863, from this office, authorissed the pay-
ment of premiums for the presentation of accepted recruits from draft
tod substitute fund, as follows:
For the presentation of an accepted "veteran" recruit, $26; for the
presentation of an accepted recruit, not 'Veteran," $15.
These premiums were paid in accordance with the above-mentioned
circular until March 1, 1864, when they were reduced as follows:
(See telegram of February 29, 1864, from this office.)
For the presentation of an accepted "veteran" recruit, $15; for the
presentation of an accepted recruit, not "veteran," $10.
These premiums were paid until July 19, 1864, the date of Circular
No. 27, of that year, from this office, which prohibited the payment of
all premiums.
DISBUBSBMBinS FROM APPROPRIATION FOR COLLBCTINQ, DRILLINO,
AND ORGANIZING VOLUNTEERS.
Under the act of Congress approved January 31, 1823, disbursing
officers were required to render their accounts quarter-yearly to the
proper accounting officers of the Treasury, and in compliance with
this act accounts were so rendered until the passage of the act of
Congress approved July 17, 1862, which required disbursing officers
to render their accounts monthly to the proper accounting officers of
the Treasury.
As the officers disbursing this fund were acting under the direct
instructions of this office so far as related to the disbursement of this
fund, it was considered expedient as well as necessary that their
accounts should first receive an administrative examination in this
office before action was taken on them in the office of the Second
Auditor, and for this purpose they are sent to this office as soon as
received at the Treasury.
EXAMINATION OF DISBURSING OFFICERS' ACCOUNTS.
The mode adopted for the examination of disbursing officers* ac-
counts under the appropriation for collecting, drilling, and organis-
ing volunteers is as follows:
As soon as the account is received at this office it is entered in a
book kept for that purpose and headed as follows:
of dtolmning
Rank.
Regiment.
Wbea reoelyed and aeknowl.
edg«d.
MoDili or qiiar>
tar.
UNION AUTHOBITIEB. 795
The aooonnt is then placed on file until its proper tnm for exami-
nation shall have arrived, when it is delivered to the examining derk.
Each voucher is then carefully examined under the orders and regu-
lations in force at Uie time the expenditure was made; and where any
expenditure was made not in accordance with regulations, such fact
is noted and placed upon the list of exceptions taken to the account.
In order to ascertain the precise amount pekid out on account of the
different items chaj^geable to this fund, an analysis of each account is
made by the examining clerk. In order to keep a correct record of
this, and also to show exactly how each officer's account stands for
each month, a book, known as "Volunteer Service Expenditure," is
kept, headed as follows:*
So that a correct record might be kept of each account, from the time
it is received at this office until it is sent to the Second Auditor, it was
found necessary to open a book known as " Record of Accounts of
Disbursing Officers, Volunteer Service," headed as follows:*
The property return of each disbursing officer, accounting for all
property received and expended during the month, is also examined
at the same time and then filed with the account.
When the exceptions taken to the account are completed and copied
into the Exception Book, they are filed with the account, officially
acknowled^d, and the account is then referred to the Second Audi-
tor of the Treasury for final settlement.
A copy of the exceptions taken is also sent to the disbursing officer,
and in case he makes explanations to the exceptions, they are for-
warded to the Second Auditor of the Treasury.
The nmnber of monthly and quarterly acoomits received at this office
pertainingtotUsanpropriation to January 1,1866, is 2,685
Nnmber examined to May 1,1868 144
Nmnber examined from May 1,1868, to JaiiTiary 1,1866 1,801
Total nmnber examined and sent to Treasury to January 1,1866 1,946
Total nmnber remaining in office January 1, 1866 690
APPROPRIATION FOR PAY OF BOUNTY.
The total amount appropriated by Congress for the pay of advance
bounty to volunteers since the commencement of the war is as fol-
lows:
Fiscal year ending June 80, 1868 17,600,000.00
Fiflcal year ending June 80, 1864 6,000,000.00
Amount appropriated December 28, 1868, to supply deficiencies in
jreviouB appropriations 20,000,000.00
Fiscal year ending June 80, 1866 6,000,000.00
Total amount appropriated 87,600,000.00
Balance remaining in Treasury January 1,1886 11,296,018.83
Total amount expended 26,208,981.18
All funds belonging to this appropriation in the hands of disbursing
officers July 1, 1865, when the x>ayment of bounties ceased, were
promptly covered into the TJ. S. Treistsury, as directed by you.
In order to keep a correct record of all requisitions drawn upon the
Secretary of War from this appropriation a book, known as '^ Register
of Requisitions for Bounties," was opened, headed as follows:*
It was also found necessary to open an account with each officer
* Forms omitted.
796 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
disbursing this f nnd, and for that purpose a book was oi>ened, known
as ^'Monthly Statement — ^Pay of Bounty to Regulars and Volunteers
on Enlistment," headed as follows:*
The act of Congress approved June 21, 1862, promulgated in Gen-
eral Orders, No. 74, of July 7, 1862, from the Adjutant-GeneraPsOfftoe,
authorized the pajrment of $25 of the $100 bounty authorized by act
of July 22, 1861, to volunteer recruits on enlistment and muster in.
This advance bounty was paid by the disbursing officer as soon as
the recruit, if for an old regiment, was in8X>ected and mustered into
the U. S. service; and if for a new regiment, as soon as the company
to which he belonged was organized and mustered in.
When this advance bounty was not paid at the time the recruit was
mustered in it was entered on the muster-in roll and so continued upon
every subsequent muster and x>ay roll until the soldier was paid by a
paymaster, as provided by Greneral Orders, No. 90, of April 7, 1863,
from the Adjutant-General's Office.
All volunteers who enlisted under the call of the President of July 18,
1864, were entitled to bounty as follows, under the act of July 4, 1864:
Becmits enliBting for one year $100.00
Recruits enlisting for two years 200.00
Beomits enlisting for three years 800. 00
The first installment of this bounty was paid by disbursing officers
to recruits on muster in as follows:
To recruits enlisting for one year $S8.8S
To recmits enlisting for two years 60. 06
To recmits enlisting for three years 100.00
This advance bounty was paid in the same manner and under the
same regulations as the $25 advance bounty previously discussed.
DiSBURsmo officers' accounts under appropriation for pat of
BOUNTY.
These accounts, like those under appropriation for collectin|^, drill-
ing, and organizing volunteers, are sent to this office for administra-
tive examination as soon as received at the office of the Second
Auditor. They are taken up in their regular turn, examined under
the orders and regulations in force at the time the expenditures were
made, and disi)osed of in the same manner as accounts under appro-
priation for collecting, drilling, and organizing volunteers.
For the purpose of keeping a correct record of the analyses of dis-
bursing officers' accounts under the appropriation for pay of bounty,
a book, known as ^'Volunteer Service Expenditures," is kept, headed
as follows:*
Another book is kept for the purpose of keeping a correct record of
these accounts from the time they are received at this office until they
are sent to the Treasury, known as '^Record Book of Accounts of
Disbursing Officers, Volunteer Service," an<l headed as follows:*
The nnmber of monthly and quarterly acconnts of disbursing offtcers per-
taining to the appropriation for pay of boimty received at this office to
January 1, 1886 1,875
Number examined to May 1, 1868 5
Number examined between May 1, 1868, and January 1, 1866. 1,411
Total number examined and sent to Treasury to January 1, 1866. 1, 416
Remaining in ofSoe 459
♦Forms omitted.
UNION AUTHORITIE& 797
DRAFT AND SUBSTITUTE FUND.
Statement of the condition of the draft and wbetitute fund Deeeniber Sl^ 1866.
Amonnt drawn from the Treasury In favor of miutering and dis-
baranffoffloers $14,424,845.00
Amount disbtirsed to December 81, 1865 $10,042,804.48
Amoont transferred to officers not aooonnting to
thisoffice 4,209,485.00
Amonnt nnacconnted for by disbursing officers a . . 86, 929. 00
Amonnt covered into the U. S. Treasury by disburs-
ing otBoers 78,828.00
Amonnt in hands of mastering and disbursing offi-
cers December 81,1865 8,858.52
14,424,845.00
DI8BUB8BH1CNT8 FROM DRAFT AND SUBSTTTUTS FX7ND.
BotmOes paid from this frmd. — Circular of November 4, 1863, from
this office, airects the {laymeiit of $35, a part of the $60 advance
bounty authorized by Qeneral Orders, No. 324, of September 28, 1863,
from the Adjutant-General's Office, and circular of October 24, 1863,
from this office, from this fund. Letters from the War Department,
dated November 29, 1863, to Maj. Gen. B. F. Butler, and of December
22, 1863, to Maj. Gen. Q. A. Gillmore, authorized the payment of a
bounty not to exceed $10 i)er man for colored recruits. This bounty
was also i>aid from this fund.
General Orders, No. 287, of November 28, 1864, from the Adjutant-
General's Office, authorized the payment of a special bounty of $300
to men enlisting in the First Army Corps (General Hancock's), and
direct that said bounty shall be paid from tnis fund.
Premiv/ms paid from draft and substitiUe fund. — Circular of Octo-
ber 24, 1863, from this office, authorized the pa3rment of premiums for
the presentation of accepted recruits from this fund, as follows:
For the presentation of an accepted * * veteran " recruit $26
For the presentation of an accepted xecroit not **yeteran** 15
These premiums were paid in accordance with the above-mentioned
circular until March 1, 1864, when they were reduced as follows: (See
telegram of February 29, 1864, from this office.)
For the presentation of an accepted " veteran " recmit $15
For the presentation of an accepted recruit not "veteran" 10
These premiums were paid until July 19, 1864, the date of Circular
No. 27, of that year, from this office, which prohibited the pa3rment of
all premiums.
That a correct record might be kept of all moneys of this fund
placed in the hands of disbursing officers, a book was opened for that
purpose, headed as follows:*
DISBUBSINQ OFFICERS' ACCOUNTS tJNDKR DRAFT AND 8UBSTITUTB
FUND.
Accounts of disbursing officers under this fund are received,
examined under the orders and regulations governing them at the
time the expenditures were made, and disposed of in the same manner
a One of these officers has heen dismissed the service, another is deceased, and
the accounts of the third are now undergoing investigation.
* Form omitted.
798 COBBE8PONDENCB, ETC.
as disbnrsing officers' accounts under appropriations for ** collecting,
drilling, and organizing volunteers," and '^x>ay of bounty."
The number of disborsi^e ofifioers' monthly acoonnts, appertaining to this
fnnd, received at this office to January 1,1S66, IB 880
Number examined and sent to Treasury to January 1, 1866 539
Bemainingin office 91
CLBBKS AND BMPLOYJftS OF DI8BUBSINO OFFICSB8.
The selection of clerks and other employ^ necessary to the trans-
action of public business in the offices of mustering and disbursing
officers has been left entirely to the discretion of such officers, but the
number and the salary have in all cases been fixed by this office.
As a general rule, tiie {layment of a greater salary than $100 per
month to clerks has not been authorized, and where this has been
exceeded it was only to chief clerks.
The greatest number of officers on mustering and disbursing duty
at any time was 195, and the number on that duty February 1, 1866,
was 40.
BOUNTIES PAID BT THB UNITBD STATES DURINQ THE WAR.
The act of Congress approved July 22, 1861, authorized the payment
of $100 bounty to volunteers. This was the only bounty paid by the
United States to June 25, 1863, the date of General Orders, No. 191,
from the Adjutant-General's Office, which authorized the payment of
a bounty of $400 to all veterans re-enlisting for three years or the
war, to be paid by installments as directed in said order.
This bounty ($400) continued to be paid to all veterans re-enlisting,
in accordance with General Orders, No. 191, of June 25, No. 305, of
September 11, and No. 324, of September 28, 1863, until April 1, 1864.
Circular letter of October 24, 1863, from this office, authorized the
payment of a bounty of $300 to new recruits enlisting in old organiza-
tions, to be paid by installments as directed in said circular. This
bounty was paid in accordance with the conditions of the above-
mentioned circular until April 1, 1864.
An order from the Adjutant-General's Office, dated December 24,
1863, authorized the payment of the $300 bounty to new recruits
enlisting in any three-years' organization in service or in process of
formation. This bounty continued to be paid in accordance vrith this
order until April 1, 1864.
The only bounty paid by the United States between March 31, 1864,
and July 19, 1864, was the $100 authorized by the act of July 22, 1861.
Circular No. 27, of July 19, 1864, from this office, authorized the
payment of bounties as follows, in accordance with the act approved
July 4, 1864:
To recmlts enlisting for one year $100
To recruits enlisting for two years 200
To recmlts enlisting for three years 300
A sx>ecial bounty of $300 was paid from the draft and substitute
fund to men enlisting in the First Army Corps, in addition to the
bounty authorized by Circular No. 27, of July 19, 1864, from this
office, in accordance with General Orders, No. 287, of November 28,
1804, from the Adjutant-General's Office.
With this exception, the bounty authorized by Circular No. 27, of
July 19, 1864, from this office, was the only bounty x>aid by the United
UNION AUTHOBITIES.
799
States from the date of said oiicnlar to the end of the war. Drafted
men and substitutes for drafted men were paid the tlOO bounty until
the passage of the act of Congress approved July 4, 1864, when it was
decided that all authority for the payment of bounty to drafted men
and substitutes had been rescinded by that act.
Letters from the War Department, dated November 29, 1863, to
Maj. Gen. B. F. Butler, and of December 22, 1863, to Maj. Gen. Q.
A. Gillmore, authorized the payment of a bounty not to exceed $10
per man for colored recruits. This bounty was also paid from this
fund.
General Orders, No. 116, of June 16, 1866, from the Adjutant-
GeneraPs Office, fixed July 1, 1866, as the date upon which the United
States should cease to pay bounty to recruits for the military service.
TabuUxr statement thowing the bounties paid by the United States during the war.
By whAt antliority paid.
To whom paid.
AiOtof July 22, 1861 [ AU Tolanteen,
GenenJ Orders 191, of Jnoo 25,
1088, Adjntant-Oenenl'sOiBoe.
CtraoUr, October 24, 1M3, Pro-
▼oot-Marabal-GenenU't Office.
Telegraio, December 24, 1888,
from Ad()ataat-GeiMr»l't Office.
Act approred July 4, 1864, uid
Ciroalar Mo. 27, oflSM, from Pio>
Toei*ll«nfa«l>OeaerAr8 Offloe.
General Orders 287, Adintant-
Oeneral's Office, November 28,
1864
Letters of War Department,
Korember 29, 1868, and Decem-
ber 22. 1863, to Generals Butier
and GUlmore.
Veterans
New recruits enlisting in
old organizations.
New recmlts enlisting in
any tbree^ears' organi-
sation antborixed by the
War Department.
fVolnnteers enlisting for one
year.
Volnnteers enlisting for
^ two years.
I Volnnteers enlisting for
I three years.
Men enlisting in First
Army Corps.
Colored reomits ,
Between what dates paid.
From commencement of
wartoJalyl8,1864.
From Jnne 2S, 1868, to
April 1, 1864.
From October 24, 1868, to
April 1. 1864.
From December 24, 1863,
to April 1.1864.
From Jnly 19. 1864, to
July 1, 1866.
.do.
.do.
From November 28, 1864,
to Joly 1, 1866.
Amonnt.
$100
a400
800
100
200
800
»80O
a Veteran
»8peoial.
SECOND AUDITOR'S AND PAYMASTBR-GENERAL'S CASES.
Numerous letters of inquiry as to the paymeot of advance bounty
to certain soldiers are sent to this office by the Second Auditor of the
Treasury and the Paymaster-General of the Army.
Each inquiry is examined and reported upon separately and con-
sumes much time and labor.
These reports are based upon information obtained from the
muster-in rolls on file in the Adjutant-General's Office, and from
the bounty accounts of mustering and disbursing officers on file in
this office. In many cases all the rolls of a regiment have to be
examined to find the name of the man about whom inquiry is made;
and where there was more than one officer disbursing in the State
at the time the man was mustered in, each one of these officer's
bounty accounts has to be examined to ascertain whether the man
was i)aid or not.
To give some idea of the amount of labor exx>ended on these reports
I will state that the number reported on and returned to the Second
Auditor and Paymaster-General from January, 1864, to January 1,
1866, is 6,268. These inquiries are increasing daily in number.
800 00BRE8P0HD8M0E, ETC.
0ONTRACT8.
For the purpose of keeping a record of all contracts approved for
sabeisting and lodging reoraits, rent of recmiting offices, Ac^ a book
known as '* Contracts, Collecting, Drilling, and Organizing Volun-
teers,^ was oi)ened, headed as follows:*
The nnmber of contracts approved in this office to January 1, 1866,
is 1,241, as follows:
Ntmiber approyed to May 1, 1888 48
Number approved between May 1, 1868, and January 1, 1866 1,188
Total number approved 1,841
One copy of each contract is filed in this office, and another copy is
sent to the Second Comptroller of the Treasury.
BBPOBTS.
The reiMrts required from mustering and disbursing officers are as
follows:
First. Weekly report of all public funds on hand pertaining to the
appropriations for collecting, drilling, and organizing volunteers, pay
of bounty, and draft and substitute fund; for the purpose of con-
densing and keeping a record of these reports, a book, known as
"Book of Weekly Reports," is kept, headed as follows:*
Second. A monthly report of "persons and articles hired and
employed." This rei)ort gives the name of each employ^, the salary
paid, the date and source of the approval. It also gives a list of all
articles hired, with the rate of hire, and the source and authority for
hiring. These reports are filed in the office.
CLERKS AND EMPLOY^.
Continual changes have taken place in the clerical force of this
office from its organization to the present time. Only six clerks were
employed in the beginning, but as the business of the office increased
the force was increased, and on the 1st of May, 1863, there were
eighteen clerks employed. The greatest number employed at any
time was forty-five, and the number borne on the register of the office
at the present time is twenty-three; two of these are not on duty in this
office — one being in the bureau of rebel archives, and one in General
Eetchum's office.
Until very lately the majority of the clerks employed in this office
were enlisted men detailed from the general service and Veteran
Reserve Corps.
The clerks now employed in this office are classified as follows:
One of class four, $1,800 per annum; one of class three, $1,600 per
annum; one of class two, $1,400 per annum; seventeen of class one,
$1,200 per annum; one enlisted man, sergeant, general service; twoen-
listed men, privates, Veteran Reserve Corps. The other employ^ now
engaged in this office are: One messenger, private, general service;
one janitor, $60 per month; one fireman and laborer, $50 per month.
To give an idea of the amount of labor performed by the clerical
force of this office from its opening to the 1st of January, 1866, the
following figures are submitted:
* Form omitted.
UNION AUTH0SITIE8. 801
Total number of monthly and quarterly accoonts examined to May 1 , 1863 140
Total number of monthly and quarterly accounts examined from May 1,
1863, to January 1,1866 3,751
8,000
Total number of claims of recruiting officers and others connected with
the recruiting service examined to May 1, 1863 051
Total number of claims of recruiting officers, &c., examined from May 1,
1863, to January 1,1866 8,354
9,005
Total number of Second Auditor's and Paymaster-G^ene^a^s cases 6, 268
Total number of contracts approved prior to May 1. 1863 48
Total number of contracts approved from May 1 , 1863, to January 1 , 1860. 1 , 108
1,341
Total number of letters sent prior to May 1, 1863 y,213
Total number of letters sent from May 1, 1868, to January 1, 1866 7, 025
10,238
Total number of letters received prior to May 1, 1863 4,416»
Total number of letters received from May 1, 1868, to January 1 , 1866 18. 553
22.960
Total number of indorsements prior to May 1. 1863 1,933
Totsd number of indorsements from May 1 , 1863, to January 1, 1866 18, 749
20.681
Total number of telegrams received to May 1, 1863 HI
Total number of telegrams received from Sfay 1, 1863, to January 1, 1806. 354
465
Total nimiber of telegrams sent to May 1, 1863 140
Total number of telegrams sent from May 1 , 1863, to January 1 , 1866 470
610
GENERAL REMARKS.
In the early part of the war the recruitment of volunteers was
almost entirely under the control of the Governors of States, and so
continued until this branch of the service was placed under your
control, when superintendents of volunteer recruiting service were
appointed for each State. The great disadvantage to the Govern-
ment, and the unnecessary expenses incurred in the recruitment of
volunteers, under the system then in force, became every day more
and more obvious, and steps were at once taken to correct this evil
and place the whole matter under tlie exclusive control of the officers
of the General Government.
With this view the recruitment of volunteers for old organizations
was first placed under the control of the superintendents of volunteer
recruiting service in each State, and in the latter part of March, IS^H,
the recruitment of all volunteers, both for new and old organizations,
was placed under their charge. The advantages arising from this
change can be seen upon an examination of the records of this office.
Under the new system all recruiting oilieern wcro required to report
to the superintendent of volunteer recruiting service, to be by him
51 R R— SERIES m, VOL V
802 COBBESPONDEKCEy ETC.
assigned to duty; they were not allowed to incur any expense withont
his authority, and no accounts were to be paid unless approved by
him. The necessity for recruiting officers to paytor expenses incurred
by them in the subsisting, lodging, and transportation of recruits was
entirely obviated, and h^ they all followed the regulations governing
the recruiting service and the special instructions given them there
would have heen no claims for reimbursements since March, 1864.
While the recruitment of volunteers was under the control of the
State authorities it was exceedingly easy for dishonest parties to make
out and present fraudulent claims, and it is believed that many
accounts of this kind were paid by disbursing officers. This became
so apparent that General Orders, No. 198, of December 3, 1862, were
issued, prohibiting disbursing officers from paying any accounts for
recruiting expenses incurred prior to July 1, 1862, until theyliad been
audited and ordered to be paid by the War Department.
Under the present system but few, if any, fraudulent claims have
been paid.
The total amount expended from the fund for collecting, drilling,
and organizing volunteers, for the recruitment of volunteers
from August 5, 1861— the date of first appropriation— to April
80, 1863,wa8a 116,512,999.97
Amount expended by the several States in raising volunteers in
1861 and 1862 and for which claims for reimbursement have been
presented to the Third Auditor 29,631,185.99
Total amount expended for the raising of volunteers from
the commencement of the war to April 30, 1863 46, 143, 885. 66
Total number of men put into the service during the same time. . 1, 356, 59.)
Average cost per man $34. 01
The total amount expended from the fund for collecting, drilling,
and organizing volunteers for the recruitment of volunteers
fromMay 1,1863, to January 1,1866, was 6,905,192.24
Amount expended in recruitment of volunteers and enrollment
and draft from draft and substitute fund from June 1, 1863, to
January 1, 1866, was 4,122,522.97
Total amount expended in the recruitment of volunteers
and enrollment and draft from May 1, 1863, to January 1,
1866 11,027,715.21
Total number of men put into service by draft and volunteering
during the same time .' 1,120,621
Average cost per man $9.84
In arriving? at the foregoing statement no consideration has been
taken of the amount paid by disbursing officers since May 1, 1863, for
recruiting expenses incurred prior to that date, as it is believed that
that amount is certainly as gi-eat, most probably greater, than the
amount now due for recruiting expenses incurred since May 1, 1863,
but not yet paid.
It will be seen by this statement that, although the premium on
gold and cost of subsistence, lodgings, rent of offices, stationery, ike,
was much higher in 1804-'65 than in 1801-62, yet the expense of put-
ting each man into the service was nearly four times greater during
the first two years of the war than it was during the liwt two years.
I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient
ser\'ant,
CHAUNCEY McKEEVER,
Brevet Brigadier- General and Afisistant Adjutant- Oeneral.
a The actual amount expended during this time was $20,512,699.67. but of this
amount $4,000,000 was used for paying bounties by order of the Secretary of War.
UNIOK AUTHORITIES. 803
DOCUIOSNT No. 11.
Historical report of the operations of the Office of AcJing Aasistxini-
Provost-marahalr Oeneraly lUinois.
Office Actg. Asst. Pro v. Mar. Gen., Illinois,
Springfiehly August P, 1806.
Brig. Gen. James B. Fry,
Provost-MarshalrOeneralj Washington, D. C:
General: In compliance with the request contained in your com-
manication of April 27, 1865, 1 have the honor to submit the following
historical rejwrt of the operations of this office since it commenced
business, with such remarks and suggestions as my experience and
observation may seem to warrant.
Your letter directing me to require similar historical reports from
the several district provost-marshals in my jurisdiction was received
May 5, 1865, and the necessary instructions were immediately issued.
My own report has been delayed partly on account of the tardy
return of the district reports, the reception of which was necessar}'^
to the completeness of my own. The last remaining district reports
(Fifth and Tenth Districts) are only just received. The delay has been
further caused by the necessity of temporarily transferring a portion
of the clerical force of this department to that of the chief mustering
and disbursing office, in order to meet the great pressure caused by
the return of large numbers of detachments and regiments to Camp
Butler for payment and final discharge, and also by the onerous
duties connected with the muster put, <fec., of batteries of artillery
sent to the State for that purpose, men discharged from hospitals,
paroled prisoners, <fec. This demand upon my clerical force still con-
tinues, and is not likely to be diminished for some weeks to come.
It will be my aim to conform this report as closely as possible to
the objects specified in your letter requiring it, and to keep steadily
in view the great object of the Government in calling for these final
statements, namely, that it may hereafter have the full benefit of the
experience of your Bureau during the war.
Accordingly, I shall not dwell upon points of minor or casual
interest, but endeavor to explain fully the organization and practical
workings of the different business departments of these headquarters,
giving special prominence to such features as are more difficult and
intricate in their nature, a knowledge of which would be of particu-
lar value should ox)erations ever be resumed.
In order that the body of the report may proceed continuously to
the close, all tabular statements, consecutively arranged and num-
bered, will be found in the form of an appendix, to which reference
will be made as occasion requires.
office rooms.
In obedience to orders, I took post in this city as acting assistant
proyost-marshal-general for the State of Illinois and established my
office April 27, 1863. As you are aware, the field was to me wholly
new and untried, and I was obliged to feel my way along as circum-
stances required, perfecting myself in the requirements of my new
position as rapidly as possible, and adapting means to ends with such
skill and judgment as I could command.
804 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
The Bureau of the Provost-Marshal-General had just been estab-
lished, and its practical operation, as well as its adaptation to meet
the great national exigency which called it into being, had yet to lie
tested. The gigantic proportions whicli the war had assumed, the
recent reverses to the Federal arms, and the enormous expansion of
the military policy of the Government, together with the hitherto
untried expedient of raising men by conscription, had, at the time I
assumed the duties of my office here, conspired to create a state of
feverish excitement and apprehension in the public mind, all of which
added to the embarrassments already referred to.
Two small rooms, not very accessible or commodious, sufficed for a
few months for the comparatively limited requirements of the office;
but by the close of the summer of 1863 the rapidly expanding busi-
ness of the position made it necessary to secure larger quarters, and
I accordingly rented a small frame building, consisting of four rooms
with ample grounds attached, and much more eligibly situated than
the place at first occupied. I had scarcely become established in my
new quarters when the inauguration of the vigorous s^^stem of recruit-
ing adopted in September, 1803, of which I was made superintendent
for Illinois, required a still further increase of office accommodations,
which was for the time being supplied by an additional building con-
taining seven rooms, conveniently situated immediately opposite the
one just referred to. These two buildings answered the purpose
until the spring of 1864, when the continued and rapid increase of
the business of the office demanded a still further enlargement of
office facilities, and i*esulted in the transfer of my headquarters to
the building which I now occupy, being a large brick structure con-
taining fifteen rooms, with ample grounds, and most eligibly and
pleasantly situated. While referring to this subject I would add
that my experience in the use of office rooms and facilities, through
all the gradations from the poorest up to the best, is decidedly in
favor of the last, even on the score of economy to the Governnient,
the increased amount and improved quality of the work that can l)e
done in an office possessing all necessary conveniences more than
counterbalancing the additional expense.
CLERKS.
For about a month after opening the office I managed to transact
the business with the assistance of but one clerk, and during the next
three months I had but two; after which, the great expansion of the
work of the office already referred to i^equired a corresponding increase
in my clerical force. The largest number of clerks on duty at any
one time in my office, as acting assistant provost- marshal-general of
Illinois, was ten. For a full tabular view of the several clerks on duty
in this department, with the dates of their several contracts, dates of
approval, and discharge or resignation, rates of compensation, and
the duties to which each was assigned, see Schedule No. 1, in the
Appendix to this report.
The Provost-Marshal-General is aware of how much depends upon
the ability and fidelity of the necessary clerical force in the effective
conduct of any business, but especially in the discharge of duties
requiring such promptitude and accuracy as those connected with the
suboixlinate departments of his Bureau. In this respect I cannot but
consider myself as having been peculiarly fortunate, and refer with
especial pleasure to the devotion and faithfulness, and to the spirit of
UNION AUTHORITIES. 805
oheerfnl and hearty co-operation, which have always chara^cterized
tbo clerks in my employ. They have never hesitated to work beyond
hours, and without regard to hours, including nights and even Sun-
days, whenever requested to do so by me, and oftentimes without my
solicitation, when the known exigencies of their several departments
of the public business seeme<l to them to require it; while their capa-
bilities and adaptation to the duties of their several desks have been
such as to leave me nothing to desire.
OFFICERS.
From the opening of my office till June 4, 1863, I was without the
assistance of any commissioned officer. June 4, 1863, First Lieut.
James W. Davidson, Forty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, under
Special Orders, No. 221, Adjutant-General's Office, dated May 18, 1863,
reported to me for duty, and remained till August 8, 1863, when he
was relieved. This officer proved capable and efficient, and rendered
valuable service, especially in connection with the Veteran Reserve
Corps, then known as the Invalid Corps. Other officers were assigned
to me from time to time as the demands of the service required.
Tlie whole number of officers reporting to me for duty in this depart-
ment fi-om the organization of the office to the present time is six-
teen, varying in rank from major to second lieutenant. For list of
these officers, including name and rank, arm and regiment, date of
rei)orting, authority, date of relief, and the particular duties which
each had in charge, see Schedule No. 2, Appendix.
While I am i)ermitted to say of these officers, in general terms, that
they have acquitted themselves well, it is proper to refer with especial
commendation to Maj. Addison S. Norton, additional aide-de-camp;
Capt. John A. Haddock, Twelfth Regiment Veteran Reserve Corps;
First Lieut. James W. Davidson, Forty-ninth Ohio Infantry; First
Lieut. Charles E. Hay, Third U. S. Cavalry; First Lieut. John F.
Cleghom, Twenth-second Regiment Veteran Reserve Corps; First
Lieut. B. F. Hawkes, Seventeenth Regiment Veteran Reserve Corps;
First Lieut, and Bvt. Maj. Harry C. Egbert, Twelfth U. S. Infantry,
and Second Lieut. Simeon G. Butts, Twelfth Regiment Veteran
Reserve Coi-ps, to whose ability and steady faithfulness I am much
indebted for the successful management of the respective branches
of business to which they were severally assigned, as well as for their
valuable aid in the prosecution of the general business of the office.
BUSINESS DEPARTMENTS.
As soon as the nature and scope of my duties were sufficiently devel-
oped to admit of it I commenced to systematize and classify the sev-
eral branches of the public business connected with the office. The
sulKlivision was at first necessarily but partial, and the boundaries
of each department not very clearly defined or strictly adhered to.
But as the work progi*essed, and the assistance of a corps of trained
clerks rendered it practicable, the work of classification was gradually
perfected. The smoothness, promptitude, and efficiency of the opera-
tions of the office have been commensurate with the completeness of
the divisions of labor and the distinctness of the lines of demarcation
defining them. It is believed that the different departments and desks
among ^hich the work was finally distributed, and which have been
in operation since the removal of the office to the present building.
806 COBBE8PONDBNCE, BTO.
are as complete and as well adapted to the prompt and thorough
transaction of the public business as the nature of the ease and the
clerical force and number of officers at my disposal will admit. The
present arrangement is as follows:
1. General and miscellaneous business.
2. Accounts.
3. Deserters.
4. Enrollment quotas and credits.
6. Returns and reports.
6. Veteran Reserve Corps.
7. Medical branch.
A brief account of the mode of conducting each of these depart-
ments, and of the character and extent of the business committed to
each, is hereto subjoined :
1. Oeneral and miscellaneous biLsineaa.^At the opening of the
office this dei>artment was the only one, and, of course, comprehended
all the business. As the work became systematized, and separate
dei>artments were organized, the general or unclassified business of
the office naturally fell to this branch. Its relation to the whole work
was of a very intimate and important character, and the duties devolv-
ing on the chief clerk in charge of it were onerous and responsible,
requiring much discrimination and good judgment. In the distribu-
tion of the mail matter received at the office, all such miscellaneous
correspondence and documents as did not properly fall within the
province of any other desk was sent, by the officer in charge of mails
received, to the chief clerk of the general department, and by him
examined and disposed of as each case required. Such papers as
demanded my personal attention were placed by themselves and sent
to my room, others to the co-ordinate clerks of the department, with
the necessary memorandum indicating the tenor of the replies to be
made, or other proper disposition thereof, while such as seemed to
require a more careful investigation and guarded answer received the
attention of the chief clerk himself. Most of the general correspond-
ence with the office of the Provost-Marshal-General, special reports,
&c., were also in charge of that clerk, who was expected to keep him-
self familiar with the general progress of the business of this branch
of the office in all its relations, and to be prepared to furnish such
information and data as I might from time to time require, and to
refer promptly to any letters or other records of the office that I might
wish to consult.
A reference to the amount of labor performed in this department
may not be out of place. In the month of July, 1864, there were sent
from this desk 710 letters and 215 indorsements, amounting to 925
documents, or an average of over 34 for each working day. The number
of papers received was about the same, making an aggregate of over
1,800 communications and other papers, or nearly 70 for each work-
ing day, which were canvassed and properly disposed of at this desk
alone. The record of business at this desk for the month of January,
1865, which may be taken as about an average month in the amount of
labor required, shows that 308 letters were received, and 228 letters
and 443 indorsements were sent from this department, the indorse-
ments covering 266 pages, medium, making a total of 671 communi-
cations acted on in that month, or about 25 per day. If to the above
estimate 14 circulars are added, of which an average of 14 copies each
were made, it gives an aggregate of 867, or more than 32 per day for
the working days in that mouth.
umoi^ AUTttoBiTifis. 807
The aggregate number of letters sent from this desk in 1864 was
5,520, and of Indorsements sent in the same period 1,510, making a
total of 7,030. The number of letters received at this desk in 1864
was 7,154, making a grand total of 14,184 communications and papers
which passed under notice and received proper attention in this
branch alone during that year. This estimate does not include a vast
number of mere letters of transmittal, which, while they required but
little thought, necessarily consumed, in the aggregate, much time.
The letters sent required no less than 460 quires of letter paper.
The foregoing statements are not made because of any intrinsic
importance which they are Bupix)sed to possess, but to convey some
idea of the magnitude of the work required to be done, and to indi-
cate the necessity which has constrained me from time to time to ask
your approval of my employment of additional clerks.
The chief clerk of this branch was also charged with the prepara-
tion of such general circulars to the district provost-marshals in my
jurisdiction as were required to carry out the orders of the Provost-
Marshal-Greneral, or to meet the various circumstances arising in the
progress of the work in this State. These circulars were numbered
consecutively for each year, for convenience of reference. A copy
was made for each provost-marshal, and a manuscript copy retained
for file, in addition to the copy taken in the impression book, making
at least fourteen manuscript copies of each circular, the average length
of each of which has not been less than three letter pages. The number
of these circulars for the year 1863 was 81; for 1864, 266; for 1866,
to the present time, 80; making a total of 426 different circulars, con-
taining 1,278 pages, or 17,892 pages for the fourteen copies which were
made of each circular. This total should, in fact, be largly increased to
include the additional copies which were often made for other parties,
such as mustering and disbursing officers, recruiting officers, Ac;
and the whole should be considered in connection with my previous
statement of the amount of labor necessarily performed in this branch.
It has been my aim not only to convey your instructions, when
i*eceived, to my subordinates through the medium of the general cir-
culars above described, but also to anticipate, as far as possible,
through the same medium, such exigencies or difficulties as could
plainly be foreseen; thereby preventing misunderstandings at district
headquarters, avoiding the necessity of correspondence on their part,
and preparing them to meet each emergency as it arose. I cannot
too highly commend the practical utility of such a system of circular
instructions.
As already intimated in speaking of the business which fell within
the province of this department, many of the questions to be decided
were not only entirely new to myself, but some of them were of so
difficult and intricate a character as to require great care and laborious
examination before any action could be safely taken.
This department was in charge of Mr. Newton Bateman from May
12, 1863, to January 9, 1865, when he resigned to assume the duties of
the office of superintendent of public instruction for this State, to which
office he was elected in November, 1864. To Mr. Bateman's superior
business ability, zeal, and diligence I am deeply indebtiCd. I ever
found him an invaluable assistant in all the varied duties he was
called upon to discharge while in the office. Upon the resignation of
Mr. Bateman, Bvt. Maj. Harry C. Egbert, first lieutenant. Twelfth
U. S. Infantry, was placed in charge of the department, the duties of
which, although at first comparatively new to him, he discharged with
808 CORBE8PONDENCE, ETC.
jorreat ability, promptitude, and Adelity, and to my entire satisfaction
until April 29, 18G5, when he was relieved from duty; since which
time, the business of that character having gi-eatly deere:ised, the
department has been in charge of a clerk in this office.
The books of this department are as follows:
Letters received, in which is entered an abstract, or in case of
an important letter, the entire communication, eacli letter being
numbered, and, when recorded, note being made of the volume in
which the i*ecoi'd is made.
Indorsement book, which is kept in accordance with the i-egulations
prescnbing the same.
Impression books, which, for the sake of convenience, ai-e of three
kinds — one for letters to the Provost-Marshal-General, another for
district provost-marshals, and the third for miscellaneous letters.
Book of telegrams received, in which are copied verbatim all
telegrams received at this office.
Book of telegrams sent, in which all telegrams sent fi-oni this office
are copied accurately and fully.
(Each of the above-named books has an index, generally in separate
fonn, that being found in practice the most convenient way of
keeping the same.)
Book of appointments, in which have been recorde<l all appoint-
ments made in this office and in each of the offices of the district pro-
vost-marshals, giving date of appointment, i*ate of compensation, date
of approval, and date of discharge.
2. Department of accounts. — The depaHment of accounts was made
a distinct subdivision of this office July 14, 1864, and to it were
assigned such papei's and records peitaining to accounts and con-
tracts as could be separated from other records; but as the i-ecords
in the early history of the office were so limited, compared with what
the greatly increased business of the department has since cause<l
them to become, much of the information concerning these branches
of business must be sought in the general records of the office, at least
for the fii'st twelve months of my service as acting assistant provost-
marshal-general for Illinois.
The duty of auditing or examining such accounts as passed, through
the office was, upon the establishment of this department, assigned
to its chief clerk and his assistants, and, in addition to the accounts
of the Pi-ovost-Marshal-Generars Department, all accounts to be
approved by me as superintendent of volunteer recruiting service for
Illinois have been audited in this department.
The record books used in this department are such as are requii^
by a circular from the Bureau of Accounts under the appropriation
for ** collecting, drilling, and organizing volunteer,'' Provost-Marshal-
Geueral's Office, dated September 24, 1803, including record book of
claims, book of lettei-s received, and indorsement book. These books
liave been kept as nearly in accordance with the published directions
of the Adjutant-General of the Army as we have been able to under-
stand them, and are believed to have been very accurately and neatly
kept. Besides these the letter impression book, in which are taken
copies of all letters sent, and a record of checks received, have been
in use; the latter showing the date and number of the cheek; by
whom and in whose favor drawn; where payable; on what account;
and a reference to the folio where the account is recorded, and the
date of delivery to the claimant, and his signature acknowledging
the receipt of the same.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 809
A record of employes, embracing all peroons employed by me, as
well HS by the district pravost-marshals iu this Statis was made iu a
book Hciit from the office of the Provost-Marshal-General for that pur-
pase, and is a very complete history in most cases of the employes in
the several districts. Nearly or quite three months' time was occupied
in perfecting this record.
Attention is respectfully invited to Schedules 3, 4, and 5, Appendix,
which give in concise and tabulated form some information of interest
compiled from the records of this department.
Schedule 3 shows the number of claims placed on record in this
department and the amount of the same; also the amount to which I
have given my approval.
Schedule 4 shows the diffeieut it^ms of expense attendant upon the
conduct of this office, exclusive of pay of officers, with the amount
of each.
Schedule 6 is a very suggestive exhibit of the amount of service
alleged to have been performed in taking and revising the enrollment
of the State, given by months and by districts and reduced to years
and days.
3. Department of deserters. — From the opening of my office to
August 13, 1863, the business connected with deserters was a part of
the general transactions of the office and conducted as such by the
clerk in charge. The rapid increase, however, of this branch of the
business and the urgency of my instructions from Washington in
relation to it rendered it necessary to constitute it a separate depart-
ment, which was done on the above date, and the same was placed in
charge of First Lieut. Charles E. Hay, Third U. S. Cavalry, with one
assistant, who continued to manage the affairs of the desk with
marked efficiency until Februaiy 20, 1864, when, Lieutenant Hay
having been assigned to duty in the office of superintendent of vol-
unteer I'ecruiting service, the desk of desertera was turned over to
Mr. John C. Reynolds, one of my earliest and best clerks, who con-
ducted its affairs with great assiduity and energy until November 18,
18G4, when the depailment was assigned to First Lieut. B. F. Hawkes,
Seventeenth Regiment Veteran Reserve Corps, in whose charge it
remained until he was relieved from duty and ordered to his regiment,
when the desk was again returned to the efficient and successful
management of Mr. Reynolds.
The aggregate number of descriptive lists of deserters from Illinois
oi^anizations received at this office from that of the I^vost-Marshal-
General is 13,357 ; from other sources some 620 lists have been received,
making a total of 13,977 lists.
Of each of these lists twenty copies have been made iu this office,
as follows:
One copy to each provost-marshal of rHinois 18
One copy to the acting assistant provost-roarshals-general of the States of
Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Michigan, and Indiana 6
One consolidated copy 1
Total 20
Making the enormous numl>er of 279,540 lists which have been
transcribed, mailed, and deposited in this office.
Of the 13,977 desei-tcrs rei>orted to this office, 5,805, or over 40 per
cent., have been an-ested, as shown by Schedule No. 6, Ap^jendix.
It is proper to observe that arrests for the year 1803 did not com
mence in most districts until June 10 of that year, although the time
810
CORfifiSPONDENCfiy ETO.
embraced in the schedule for 1863 dates from May 18. The table
includes arrests for the year 1865 only up to May 31. For the first
twenty days of June, 1865, six arrests have been made, being two in
the Third District, and one each in the First, Fourth, Sixth, and
Thirteenth Districts.
The data from which Schedule No. 6 is compiled have been taken
from the duplicate tri-monthly reports of provost-marshals, on file in
this office. The clerical force employed in copying the lists has, with
one exception, consisted of members of the Veteran Reserve Corps.
When the many obstacles hereinafter referred to are considered, it
is submitted that the percentage of arrests actually made is not dis-
creditable to the energy and sk^ll of the officers and others who have
had the business in charge, the results being the return to the Army
in the space of two years of about six full regiments of men, or an
averi^ of 242 per month for the whole time.
4. Department of quotas and credits, — The department of quotas
and credits was organized August 1, 1864. To it has been assigned
the recording of the enrollments; the calculations of quotas; the
reception, record, and disposal of all papers sent to the acting assist-
ant provostrmarshal-general of IllinoiB, under Circular 52, Adjutant-
GeneraPs Office, series of 1864; the recording of quotas and credits;
the periodical and special reports of the same, both to the Provost-
Marshal-General and to the provost-marshals; the accounts with the
sub-districts for men due and furnished, and all correspondence relat-
ing to the matters under its charge. It has required from one to six
clerks, and on extra occasions has drawn in to its assistance all avail-
able force in the joint offices under my control. Its average has been
three clerks.
Books of department of quotas and credits. — ^The books kept are the
usual books of corresi>ondence, namely, letters received, indorse-
ment and impression book of letters sent, besides those peculiar to
this department, which are next described.
I. Enrollments A and B are records of the enrollment and its
revisions. The former shows in tabular form by districts and sub-
districts the original enrollment by classes; then the first revision,
ordered November 17, 1863, showing number dropi)ed and added, and
net result; then the second revision, ordered May 5, 1864, showing
number added and dropped and net result, "fhe latter book records
the monthly revisions in the same way, as shown by the printed
heading, thus:
Monthly revisions.
CongreAsioniil district.
January, 1W5.
February,
IMS.
Sub-
district.
Designation of
nub district.
County.
Prior.
Added.
Droiiped.
Remain-
ing.
Added.
Dropped.
Remain-
ing.
II. Credits L is a record of the reports or other vouchers upon
which credits are authorized to be given by regulations and instruc-
tions. Such papers are recorded in this book in such a way as to
arrange the credits of any one report in the regular order of dis-
TTKION AUTHORITIES 811
tricts and sub-districts, as known in this office, and at the same time
to show the class of each credit, and the term of service for which
the men credited are mustered in. This is the original book recoi'd
of the credits, from which all others are made up and with which
they must accord.
The rei)orts, after entry in book L, are filed away by months, all
relating to the credits of any one month being so indorsed, and filed
togethdT.
A sample of book L will be found in the Appendix, marked Schedule
No. 7.
III. From credits L entries are made into the books in which
accounts are kept directly with sub-districts, a page being allowed
for each of the 1,476 sub-districts, and the set of books making four
volumes this year. A sample page is given. (See Appendix, Sched-
ule No. 8.)
The first column refers to the book of entiy of the items contained
in the lines. As the account of each sub-district is reported at the
close of each month to the provost-marshal of the district, the column
of "periodical reports" shows what number of credits were reported
in any given month, while the columns headed "due" and "over"
show the balance on the account from time to time. The column
headed "equivalent in one-year men" shows how many years* service
go to the credit of the sub-district, as the other columns show the
men, their classes, and terms of service. These books are credits E
and F, for 1864; credits G, H, I, K, for 1865.
IV. From the columns of "periodical reports" in these books
entries are carried to another book in which the sub-districts are
grouped by counties, and in which the monthly credits are entered in
successive columns, so as to show the credits of the sub-districts of
a county consolidated. This book (credits D) merely collects in
closer form the results of the accounts with the sub-districts.
V. There is also made up from the books of accounts with sub-
districts a book of monthly statements of credits, which consolidates
all the credits of £ month by districts and counties, and also by
classes and terms of service. This is credits M, a sample of which
will be fouDd in Appendix, marked Schedule No. 9.
Another book belonging to the series has been begun, but never yet
completed, owing to the constant demands of the current work of the
department of quotas and credits. It is book N, consisting of his-
torical and tabular statements of the assignment of quotas and
credits in 1864 and 1865.
Sub-disiricis. — The original division of the districts into sub-
districts for purposes of enrollment and draft was left to tlie pro-
vost-marshals. Every county is oi'ganized for school purposes into
Congressional townships of six miles square. Some have a further
organization into what are called towns, the limits of which are not
always coincident with those of the townships, but often include two
or more whole townships, and still more frequently embrace parts of
townships, the boundaries of the towns being wholly arbitrary. In
many other counties, particularly in the southern part of the State,
the only division besides the townships is into election precincts, the
boundaries of which are also arbitrary and variable. The different
views of the provost-marshals led to various methods of division and
enrollment. In the Ninth, Tenth, and Thirteenth Districts only were
the townships and precincts at once made the units of the division;
and these remained unchanged except that some cities were after-
ward divided into sub-districts by the wards. In the Twelfth and
812 CORRE8POKDENGE, ETC.
part of the Eleventh the Hub-districts were mndo of the townships of
the (Jiiite<l States land survey, singly or in groups. In other dis-
tricts two or more towns were grouped together. The First and
Second Districts changed to the S3rstem by single towns upon the sec-
ond revision of ihe enrollment, under orders dated May 5, 1864; and
ux)on i)ermissiou of the War Department I attempted to make a uni-
form S3rstem of division by the smallest civil units of territory, in
preparation for the draft under the call of December 19, 1864. To
effect this an entirely new enrollment was made in the Twelfth Dis-
trict. It was not effected in four counties of the Eleventh District
because of the resignation of the provost-marshal just after instruc-
tions for the change were given. Before the change could be com-
pleted under the new officer the new quotas were to be assigned
without delay.
Tiie best division in this State is that attempted by me as above
said, with some modifications. Some of the smaller cities prefer not
to be divided or to be set off from the townships in which they are
situated. In all cases where the local organizations are such that the
people and authorities desire no division into wards or parts, I would
ascertain and respect their wishes. In some cases it happens that a
town or village lies upon the very line of division between two town-
ships, in consequence of which any division of credits by volunteer-
ing from the town is arbitrary, and it is better for the two townships
to go together. In the Sixth District two such unions wera made dur-
ing the pendency of the last draft. In fine, I regard the last system
ado[>ted as the best for convenience in this office, for convenience in
eni*ollment, for proper distribution of credits, and for stimulating the
local authorities to activity in filling quotas.
Schedule 10, Appendix, shows the number of sulMlistricts at various
timos, as practically in use.
Quoias and credits, — So far as this office is concerned, the first
dealing with quotas and credits followed upon the call of July 18,
1864, for 500,000 men. A settlement between the War Department
and the State of Illinois was first had in the early part of August,
1864, in consequence of which it was arranged that the standing of
districts and sub-districts in Illinois should be ascertained and
declared hei*e, with the use of the records in the office of the adjutant-
general of Illinois.
From his records were obtained the statements of quotas of 1861
and 1862, calculated to counties only. The quotas of February and
March, 1864, under the call for 700,000 men, and the quotas on the
call of July 18, 1864, were calculated in this office, and the county
quotas of the tables of the adjutant-general's office, Illinois, were
canned out to sub-districts in proportion to the enrollment. The
quotas under the call of December 19, 1864, were calculated in this
office in the manner directed by the Provost-Marshal-General. In
no case has the calculation of quotas or the keeping of accounts of
ci*edits been referred to the provost-marshals. It would have been
necessary to furnish them all the data for the calculations, and it was
deemed much better for accuracy, and even for economy, to have the
work done at this central office, and by a few clerks, rather than to
burden the district offices with work for which each would need extra
clerks, and which would not then be done with approximate uniform-
ity and correctness. Besides, in practice it was found most equitable
to calculate directly from the State quota to the local quotas, which
oould be done here only.
UNION AUTflOBITIKS. 813
This equity appeared most plainly on the last caU, when, if the cal-
culation had been made from the State to districtH and then to sub-
distncts, it would have come to pass that sub-districts which had not
furnished their due proportion of recruits would have been exempted
from all claim, because their neighbors in the same district had done
more than their own share; and whatever was gained by such delin-
quent sub-districts in one part of the State would have fallen as an
additional burden upon sub-districts in other parts of the State where
martial ardor or patriotic zeal had been more equably manifested.
For the several quotas, aggregated by districts, see Schedule No.
11, Appendix.
While this table of quotas is strictly correct as to the numbers
given out as quotas for the several dates named, yet it is practically
wrong, owing to the fact that the State of Illinois had really filled up
the number claimed of her up to December 31, 1864, and had fur-
nished 1,158 men more. These 1,158 men were not credited to the
State on the new quota under the call of December 19, 1864, but were
taken into consideration in assigning the quota, thereby decreasing
it; so that if the State had gone on to fill exactly the last quota of
32,902, she would have furnished 1,158 men more than the sum total
of all quotas assigned. Hence the practical sum of the quotas is 1, 158
larger than the result of the table referred to, being 231,420 instead of
230,262.
DiMrtbviixyii of credits. — By the settlement between the War De-
partment and the State of Illinois, in August, 1864, spoken of above,
the number to be credited to Illinois up to July 1, 1864, was fixed at
181,178. Of this number, 144,086 were credits prior to October 1,
1863, and for the distribution of them recourse was had to the records
of the adjutAnt-general's office, Illinois, which furnished a distribu-
tion of them to counties only. From the same office were obtained
records showing the 'distribution to counties, towns, ifec, of 16,186
veterans, 1,120 recruits mustered in the field, 405 regulars, and 21
naval recruits, all enlisted and mustered between O'^tober 1, 1863, and
July 1, 1864. The rolls of the associate office of chief mustering and
disbursing officer for Illinois famished the evidences for the distribu-
tion of the remainder of the total credits allowed.
The particulars of this distribution were fully reported in my letter
to the Provost-Marshal-General of September 7, 1864. Briefly, it may
be said that all credits were assigned to sub-districts as far as possi-
ble from the records, with i-evision of manifest errors and careful
judgment in doubtful cases; that credits inuring to the State at large
without assignment of residence were distributed pro rata on the most
recent enrollment and added to the credits to the counties at large;
that the county credits were again distributed pro rata in like manner
to the sub-districts. As stated in the letter of September 7, 1864,
only 35,191 wei*e specifically assigned to sub-districts; the remainder,
145,987, were assigned by pro rata calculations.
The credits above named were all for three-years* men.
An interval of one month elapsed between the settlement with Illi-
nois and the beginning of the system of recording and declaring
credits initiated by Circular No. 52, Adjutant-General's Office, series
of 1864. For that month the ci-edits distributed were 144 recruits
reported to me from the War Department, 762 veterans reported by
the adjutant-general of Illinois, and 1,035 naval recruits, ascertained
by commission, consisting of His Excellency Governor Richard Yates
and myself, apx)ointed July 14, 1864, to ascertain the naval credits due
814 CORRESPONDEMCE, ETC.
to Illinoi8 for enlistments prior to Febromy 24, 1864. These amount
to a total of 1,941, which were distributed by the same rules as were
used in the greater distribution preceding. These credits were for
one, two, and three years — viz, 761, 9, and 1,171, respectively.
From the 1st of August, 1864, when the system of Circular No. 52
began, to December 31, 1864, which closed credits on calls prior to
December 19, 1864, credits were distributed for 15,399 men of various
classes and terms of service, as shown from time to time in my regular
and si>ecial reports. Of these, 8,392 were drafted men and substitutes
and 7,007 were voluntary enlistments.
Credits since December 31, 1864, to May 31, 1865, have been 27,658,
of which 2,053 are for drafted men and substitutes and 25,605 are
from voluntary enlistments.
For a tabular statement of the credits of these various periods by
districts, see Schedule No. 12, Apjiendix.
A noticeable fact appears from comparison of the preceding para-
graphs. It appears that of the men raised during the last five months
of 1864, 54^ per cent, were drafted men or substitutes for drafted or
enrolled men, while during the first five months of 1865 the same
claanes are less than 7^ per cent, of the number raised, though the
number of the later period is 80 x>er cent, larger than that of the for-
mer. This great difference arises from the greater popular interest
during the latter period, and the organized efforts of counties and
towns to fill their quotas by volunteering. Where the civil authori-
ties had not power or inclination to act, citizens' committees in many
instances raised money by subscription and paid local bounties. Had
the call continued, it would have required but little drafting, which
would nowhere have been heavy, to fill the whole quota of the State.
It should be stated also that while I have been limited in the allow-
ance of credits by regulations and laws excluding certain credits until
the quotas on the present call should be full, papers have passed
through my office showing men enlisted and mustered for whom it is
certain no credit had ever been given, and other papers bearing names
for which it is probable that credit has not been allowed. The num-
ber of these I have not recorded, but they are probably some hun-
dreds, which should be added to the total of credits in the schedule
(12), diminishing in equal number the deficit of Illinois at the close
of the call. A few credits have come in since May 31, up to which
date the tabular statements are. made.
Balaywe of quotas and credUs, — ^It would be expected that the dif-
ference between the total quotas and total credits, whether the whole
State or separate districts be considered, would be the deficit or sur-
plus, as reported in my monthly return of credits for May 31, 1865,
but in no instance is this true. Table 13 (Appendix) compares in
columns 1 and 2 the final columns of the tables of quotas and of cred-
its, as given in Schedules 11 and 12, and shows in columns 3 and 4 the
apparent deficits and surpluses; then gives in columns 5 and 6 the
deficits and surpluses of my return of May 31, and in columns 7 and
8 the discrepancies between the apparent and reported deficits and
surpluses. There is also added in columns 9 and 10 the total of defi-
cits and surpluses obtained by adding the footings of accounts with
sub-districts, without offsetting one against the other, as is done in
obtaining the district balances.
When the discrepancy columns are footed and compared, it will be
seen that the difference between them is 1,158 surplus, which is
exactly the number spoken of in the remarks concerning the table of
UNION AUTHORITIES. 815
quotas (Table 11), as deducted in advance from the quota, instead of
being counted against it. Thus the quota under the call of December
19, 1864, might have been 34,060 (32,902 + 1,158) and the 1,168 sur-
plus of the whole Stat-e (as its accounts stood on December 31, 1864)
might have been allowed to count against the quota, as it is made to
count against the sum of the quotas, by including it in the total
credits, and taking the difference of the sums. In that case the bal-
ance of appai'ent deficits and surpluses and the balance of reiiorted
deficits and surpluses would be the same number, 5,244 (5,567 — 323),
which is also the sum of 4,086 (difference between apparent deficits
and surpluses) and 1,158 (the difference of discrepancy columns).
And as 1,158, the difference of the discrepancy columns, is the sur-
plus of the whole State on December 31, 1864, so the numbers corre-
sponding to the districts in the discrepancy columns, from which this
difference of 1,158 is derived, are themselves the balances of deficit
and surplus of the several districts, the total result arising from off-
setting the surpluses of some districts against the deficits of others.
These are, in fact, the district balances of December 31, 1864, which
were in turn made up from balancing the surpluses and deficits of
sub-districts.
The accounts of quotas and credits in this office are kept, in the first
place, with sub-districts, and totals for districts are obtained gen-
erally by aggi'egating the numbers relating to sub-districts. Except
in the monthly return of credits, the surpluses of some sub-districts
do not offset the deficits of others; hence there may be a large sur-
plus in the district, taken as a whole, while there are still due sundry
quotas from sub-districts. This will explain further how the Thir-
teenth District has still due 557, according to my monthly return of
May 31, or 619, according to my account with sub-districts, while the
district, as a whole, has a large surplus. The quota on the call of
December 19, 1864, having been distributed directly from the State
quota to sub-districts, 831 men were demanded from the sub-districts
in the Thirteenth District, which had furnished the smallest propor-
tion of men. Since then the district has furnished 274 men, 212
of which have gone to the credit of the delinquent sub-districts,
and the other 62 have gone to increase the surplus of sub-districts
owing nothing; hence the real deficiency by sub-districts is 619. The
deficiency remaining upon subtracting from the quota of the district
all men furnished by it since December 31, 1864, is 557; while it
appears by the table that if the total credits were allowed to offset
the total quotas directly, the district, as a whole, would have a large
surplus, viz, 4,410.
The paramount importance and peculiar intricacy and difficulty
attaching to the duties of the department of enrollment quotas and
credits have seemed to warrant the foregoing minute and extended
account of the manner in which the records have been kept. It is
believed that they are as correct and reliable as the nature of tlie case
will admit. Great labor and pains have been l>estowed upon these
recoi'ds, and it is believed that scarcely an inquiry can be made rela-
tive to the transactions of this department touching any district, sub-
district, or the State at large to which these records will not furnish
a satisfactory answer. The desk since its first separate establishment
has been in charge of Dr. Samuel Willard as chief clerk, who has
discharged its difficult and responsible duties with great fidelity and
distinguished ability.
816 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
0. Returns and reports. — During the progress of the draft under
the call of July 18, 1864, which commenceil in September of that year,
the difficulty of securing correct reports of the draft, in obedience to
the urgent orders of the Provost-Marshal-General, was so great that
it was found absolutely necessary to make a specialty of reports and
returns, which was accordingly done, and the desk placed in charge
of Mr. Thomas R. Bryan, whose whole time was fully employed in
the performance of its duties, which he continued to discharge in a
very competent and satisfactory manner, until the close of the war so
diminished the number of reports and returns as to render it prac-
ticable to discontinue the department as a specialty, which was done
on the 13th of May, 1865, it being then merged into the general busi-
ness department and its duties transferred to Mr. John C. Reynolds.
The duties of Mr. Bryan while in charge of this branch will be
readily understood from its designation. He was required to make
himself perfectly familiar with the forms and instructions issued by
the Provost-Marshal-General; to see that the district provost-mar-
shals transmitted their reports punctually; to compare them with tlie
prescribed forms, and return for correction such as were not in
accordance therewith; to give proper instructions to such provost-
marshals as i*equired Lhem, and to hold himself in readiness at all
times to furnish me with such information as I might call for con-
cerning the conditions and operations of his department. The results
fully justified my expectations in establishing the desk, greatly
facilitating the dispatch of the public business during that period of
extreme pressure.
6. Veteran Reserve Corps, — On the 13th day of June, 1863, Capt.
John A. Haddock, of the Invalid Corps, reported for duty at these
headquarters, and immediately took post as general recruiting officer
for that corps, and to assist in its organization in Illinois. Captain
Haddock entered with great energy and success upon the duties
assigned him, enlisting up to the time that he was relieved, February
8, 1864, fifty-four men, besides rendering me valuable assistance in
the general business connected with the organization of the corps m
this State. He was a most worthy, capable, and efficient officer, of
whose services I greatly regretted to be deprived.
In July, 1863, Capt. Wells Sponable and Lieuts. James W. David-
son and Benjamin B. Baker, of the Invalid Corps, imported for duty,
and were placed on recruiting service, the net results of which
amounted to eleven men.
In August, 1863, all recruiting at detached stations was, by order
of the Provost-Marslial-General, discontinued, and thereafter, until
April 27, 1864, recruiting for the corps was restricted to the succes-
sive recruiting officers at these headquarters, who have obtained in all
nine recruits.
July 2, 1864, Capt. E. R. P. Shurly, Eighth Regiment Veteran
Reserve Corps, by authority of the Provost-Marshal-Greneral, was
placed on general recruiting service for the corps, with post at Chi-
cago, where he remained until the 7th of the following September,
and obtained four recruits.
April 27, 1864, district provost-marshals wei^e empowered, by
authority from Washington, to enlist men for the Veteran Resen-e
Corps, but without effect, except in the First and Third Districts,
where nineteen i*ecruits were obtained.
The fc)i\»going is a summary of the general recruiting service for
the cor|>s up to the present time, showing the enlistment of ninety-
seven men.
UNIOK AUTHORITIES. 817
Under the provisions of the War Department allowing recruits for
the First Battalion, Veteran Reserve Corps, to be credited to theii*
place of residence, and under the influence of the large local bounties
paid in certain localities, many were induced to enter the corps, an .1
were enlisted by regimental recruiting of&cers at Camp Douglas and
Rock Island. But all such enlistments immediately ceased upon
receipt of the order of the Provost-Marshal-General of February 24,
1865, disallowing credits for enlistments in the Veteran Reserve Corps.
It is ascertained from the monthly regimental returns of the super-
intendents of recruiting service for the Fourth, Eighth, and Fifteenth
Regiments Veteran Reserve Corps stationed in this State, that tho
total enlistments and re-enlistments in said regiments for the year
1864 were 189 men, and for the first four months of 1865 36 men.
Four men have also been enlisted for the Eleventh Regiment Veteran
Reserve Corps, making a total of 229 men from the regimental recruit-
ing service, which, added to the 97 already reported, makes an aggre-
gate of 326 as the number enlisted and re-enlisted in this State since
the organization of the Invalid Corps.
Many causes have conspired to lessen the number of men transferred
from hospitals to the Veteran Reserve Corps in this State. The
largest proportion of men of Illinois regiments in the military depart-
ments bordering on the Mississippi who have been sent to hospital
have been absorbed in the immense general hospitals at Memphis and
Saint Louis. The same is true of Illinois soldiers in the Departments
of the Cumberland and Tennessee, most of them being retained in the
extensive hospitals at Nashville and Louisville. From these hospitals
great numbers of IlUnois soldiers have been transferred to the Veteran
Reserve Corps, not entering the State, however, until organized into
companies. To the same effect is the fact that the surgeons in charge
of the general hospitals at Camp Butler and Mound City have been
rei)eatedly instructed to forward their convalescents to Cincinnati ami
Saint Louis, for transfer to the Veteran Reserve Corps, thus depriving
companies in this State of the men to which they were rightfully
entitled. It is but just to state, however, that as soon as the attention
of the proper authorities was called to the unfair workings of the
system practiced it was discontinued.
The number of men transferred from hospitals in this State to the
corps under my supervision and orders amounts to 730, being 169 for
the year 1863, 211 in 1864, and 360 in 1865.
Two companies have been organized in this State by authority not
emanating from these headquarters, having at the time of organization
about ninety men each ; and two companies have been organized under
my direction belonging to the First and Second Battalions, respectively.
The former numl^rc^ eighty men, and was originally known as the
First Company, First Battalion, Invalid Corps, but afterward received
the Bureau designation of the One hundred and sixteenth Company,
First Battalion. It was subsequently incorporated into the Twenty-
third Regiment Veteran Reserve Corps, as Company E. The Second
Battalion company, numbering eighty-eight men, was originally known
as the First Company, Second Battalion, subsequently receiving the
Bureau designation of the One hundred and seventh Company, Second
Battalion, by which it is still known.
Enough men have been enlisted and transferred in this State to
constitute a maximum regiment, and but for the fact that large num-
bci'S of men have constantly been requii'ed to re-enforco companies
whose ranks were being I'eduCvHl by expiration of service and dis-
52 R K— SERIES III, VOL V
818 COBRESPONDENCE, ETC.
charged, many more companies would doubtless have been organ-
ized.
One hundred and seventy-one applications from former officers and
eight from enlisted men for commissions in the Invalid Ck>rps and
Veteran Reserve Corps have been forwaixied through these headquar-
ters to the Provost-Marshal-General, showing that whatever disinclina-
tion has existed on the part of enlisted men to enter the corps, no
such backwardness has been displayed by resigned and discharged
officers to obtain commissions therein.
While the results of recruiting for the Veteran Reserve Corps, as
now detailed, are confessedly small, the causes which have conspired
to this end are obvious, among the more potent of which may be men-
tioned the following:
First. The extraordinary bounties paid by the Government, espe-
cially to those who had previously seen service, as an inducement for
them to re-enter active service, while all bounties have been withheld
for enlistments in the Veteran Reserve Corps.
Second. The high wages for all kinds of manual labor incident to
the withdrawal of such vast numbers of men from the agricultural
districts of the State to supply the demands of the Army, the wages
thus paid far exceeding the compensation received by an enlisted
man (without bounty) in the Veteran Reserve Corps.
Third. The causeless and senseless jealousy and dislike manifested
toward the corps by soldiers of active regiments in the field, and which
have been communicated to many who, having been discharged for
disability, would have been proper candidates for the corps.
In view of these difficulties, and others to which I have referred, it
is hoped that the results obtained, though far less than wei*e antici-
pated, will not be considered as discouraging, and that my efforts to
carry out the views of the Government in this most laudable depart-
ment of the public service will not be regarded as lacking in earnest-
ness and energy.
7. Medical branch, — This branch was organized April 10, 1865, and
Surg. Martin Rizer, First Army Corps, placed in charge. The first
duty assigned Sui*geon Rizer was the inspection of the medical records
and proceedings of the various district boards of the State. Owing
to the fact that I had previously had no officer competent to the duties
of such inspection and supervision of the medical departments of the
district provost-marshals' offices, many irregularities and imperfections
were found by Surgeon Rizer to exist in some of said departments.
The results of his various inspections have been reported to this office
in writing and forwarded to the Provost-Marshal-General.
It is to be regretted that the services of Surgeon Rizer, or some other
generally equally competent medical officer, could not have been
secured at an earlier period, to take supervision of the medical branch
of the bureau. It cannot be doubted that very many remissnesses
and irregularities would thereby have been avoided, and the final
results of the examination of recruits, drafted men, Ac, would have
been presented in a much more full and accurate form, thus render-
ing the experience of this branch of the service far more av^ailable to
the Government for future use. Surgeon Rizer has done all Le could
under the circumstances, and has done it weU.
ORGANIZATION OF DISTRICT BOARDS OP ENROLLMENT.
It being important that the machinery of the Bureau of the Provost-
Marshal-General should be completed and set in operation as soon as
nossible, instructions were issued from this office, immediat-ely aft4»r
UNION AUTHOBITIEB. 819
opening the same, to the varions district provost-marshals, to consum-
mate their arrangements and report their organizations at the earliest
practicable peric^. The dates of the respective district organizations,
with headquarters, as reported to this office, the same being arranged
in the order of time, are as follows:
Sixth District, organized May 18, 1863, headquarters Joliet.
Fifth District, organized May 26, 1863, headquarters Peoria.
Ninth District, organized May 26, 1863, headquarters Mount Ster-
ling.
Third District, organized May 28, 1863, headquarters Dixon.
Fourth District, organized May 28, 1863, headquarters Quincy.
Twelfth District, organized May 28, 1863, headquarters Alton.
Thirteenth District, organized May 28, 1863, headquarters Cairo.
Seventh District, organized May 29, 1863, headquarters Danville.
Eighth District, organized May 29, 1863, headquarters Springfield.
First District, organized June 1, 1863, headquarters Chicago.
Tenth District, organized June 1, 1863, headquarters Carlinville.
Second District, organized June 4, 1863, headquarters Belvidere.
Eleventh District, organized June 9, 1863, headquarters Salem.
The headquarters of the Second District were subsequently removed,
by order of the Provost-Marshal-General, to Marengo; those of the
Tenth to Jacksonville, and those of the Eleventh to Olney, the
change in each case being greatly to the benefit of the service.
ITie provost-marshals of the First, Second, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth,
and Ninth Districts have continued in office as originally appointed
down to the present time.
The provost-marshal of the Third District resigned, for special rea-
sons; but was reinstated at his own request in about a week, that
brief interval being filled by Mr. Seymour E. Treat, as acting provost-
marshal.
In the Fourth District Capt. James Woodruff resigned March 24,
1864, and was succeeded by Capt. Henry Asbury, who resigned
March 24, 1865, and was succeeded by Capt. William H. Fisk, the
present incumbent.
In the Fifth District Capt. James M. Allan was relieved January
20, 1865, by Maj. A. S. Norton, who served till March 23, 1865, as
acting provost- marshal of that district, when Capt. C. C. Mason, who
was appointed March 8, 1865, entered upon the duties of the office,
and still holds the position.
In the Tenth District Capt. William M. Fry served until January
17, 1865, when, he having resigned, Capt. George W. Hamilton was
appointed, who served until May 6, 1865, when his appointment was
revoked; and Maj. A. S. Norton was ordered to take post as acting
provost-marshal of that district, which pasition he still holds.
The first provost-marshal of the Eleventh District was Capt. Morti-
more O'Kean, who resigned March 7, 1864, and was succeeded by Capt.
E. S. Condit, who served until November 25, 1864, when, upon his resig-
nation, the present incumbent, Capt. John C. Scott, was appointed.
Capt. George Abbott was first commissioned as provost-marshal of
the Twelfth District, and held the position until December 28, 1864,
when he was allowed to resign, and was relieved by Maj. A. S. Nor-
ton, who served as acting provost-marshal until January 11, 1865,
when Capt. William H. Collins, the present incumbent, assumed the
duties of the office.
In the Thirteenth District the commission of Capt. W. C. Carroll,
the original appointee, was revoked May 27, 1863, and the present
incuml^nt, Capt. Isaac N. Phillips, was commissioned in his stead.
820 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
For a full statement of the original composition of the resx>ective
boards of enrollment and all subsequent changes see Schedule No. 14,
Appendix.
ENROLLMENT.
In obedience to pressing instructions from Washington, the provost-
marshals in my jurisdiction were directed by Circular No. 3, from
this office, dated June 5, 1863, to convene their respective boards of
enrollment, establish their sub-districts, and to push forward the
enrollment with all practicable vigor and dispatch. Information and
instructions had been previously issued from this office to some of the
provost-marshals, and the enrollment was already in progress in sev-
eral of the districts, but the above was the earliest date at which any
detailed instructions respecting the enrollment were issued from this
office to all of the provost-marshals.
The instructions from the Provost-Marshal-General and from this
office were carried out by most of my subordinates in letter and
spirit, and with great energy and success.
In compliance with Circular No. 101, Provost-Marshal-Generars
Office^ series of 1863, I issued a circular letter of instructions to my
provost-marshals under date of November 27, 1863, directing them to
proceed at once to the correction of their enrollment lists; and in
accordance with my said circular and subsequent instructions the
lists were revised in the various districts of the State during the
month of December, 1863, and the early part of the year 1864.
In obedience to the orders of the Provost-Marshal-General instruc-
tions for a second revision of the enrollment were issued from this
office May 6, 1864, in Circular No. 61, series of that year. Your
orders for monthly revisions of the enrollment were communicated to
the provost-marshals in my jurisdiction, with detailed instructions
for the same, in Circular No. 90, from this office, dated July 7, 1864.
For a tabular statement showing the date of the completion of the
original enrollment, and of the first and second revisions ordered
by me November 27, 1863, and May 6, 1864, see Schedule No. 15,
Appendix.
In order to facilitate the keeping up of the enrollment and to lessen
the expense to the Grovernment, I applied for and received from the
Provost-Marshal-G^neral authority to cause an enumeration to be
made throughout the State of all persons between the ages of seven-
teen and twenty, and forty-two and forty-five years, noting the year,
month, and day of birth of each person so enumerated; and full
instructions to that effect were issued from this office to all district
provost-marshals in Circular No. 67, dated May 27, 1864. The object
of said special enrollment, as stated in my communication requesting
leave to make the same, was to furnish each board with a record from
which all persons arriving at and passing beyond the line of liability
to military service could be ascertained in their respective offices, and
that the names of the former might be added to the lists, and those of
the latter dropped therefrom, by the clerks in the office, thereby greatly
diminishing the number of special eni*olling officers required to purge
and perfect the lists, and lessening the expense in very nearly a cor-
responding ratio. Such special enumeration was accordingly made,
with results, in most crises, cori-esponding to my anticipations.
Deeming it for the interests of the service, and that it would con-
tribute to economy and promptitude in keeping up the enrollment, I
also requested aixl obtained penuissiou to appoint a superintendent
of eurollmeut for eacli county, who should seek out and ivcouiniend
UNION AUTHOBITIE8. 821
Hnitable persons for assistant enrolling officers, and exercise a general
snpervision over the work in their resi)ective counties. Instrnctions
t<o that effect were issned from this office in Cii'cular No. 66, dated
May 23, 1864. The plan worked well and contribnted largely to the
prompt and economical maintenance of the enrollment.
On the 7th of July, 1864, district provost-marehals were instructed
that, in order to carry into effect the provisions of Circular No. 24,
ProvostrMarshal-General's Office, series of 1864, they would be
required to make continuous corrections of the enrollment lists and
report the same on the last day of each month, beginning with July.
To this end they were directed to complete the preparation of the
special lists of persons between the ages of seventeen and twenty, and
between forty-two and forty-five, already I'eferred to, and to refer to
the said lists when completed, to facilitate their monthly revisions.
They were further required to impose upon each deputy and salaried
special agent, in addition to his other duties, the constiant revision of
the enrollment of one county.
Where the number of deputies and special agents were not equal
1o the number of counties in a district, provost-marshals were directed
to appoint an enrolling officer for each of the remaining counties,
and, in accordance with the authority above refeiTed to, it was made
the duty of these deputies, special agents, and other county enrolling
officers to keep up the enrollment in their respective counties. To
H!d them in this copies of the enrollment lists of his county, with full
in.stmctions for the discharge of his duties, were required to be fur-
nished to each officer intrusted with the enrollment of a county.
Provost-marshals were required to forward their monthly reports
promptly at the end of each month, with duplicate copies of the reca-
pitulation of the same.
I repeatedly enjoined upon my district provost-marshals the strict-
est practicable economy in the execution of their duties, the most
watchful supervision over the conduct of their subordinates and
c mploy^s, and the prompt discharge of all persons engaged in the
enrollment who failed to render to the Gk>vemment a just equivalent
of service for the pay received.
In oiTler to systematize the work and prevent confusion, provost-
marahals wei*e required to set apart certain days in each month for
healing and determining claims for exemption from enrollment, for
which purpose they were directed to allow a sufficient time, and were
authoiized to decline the consideration of claims for exemption on
any other than the specified days. Adherence to this rule was for a
portion of the time absolutely essential in order to enable district
boai-ds to transact their necessary current business. Pix)vost-mar-
shais were directed to recommend suitable places for holding exami-
nat ions, to be approved by the Secretary of War, in accordance with
the provisions of section 14, amended enrollment act, February 24,
1864.
In granting exemptions provost-marshals were enjoined to be gov-
erned strictly by the instructions of the Frovost-Marehal-General, and
to use great care to avoid fraud, imposition, and injustice. No exemp-
t ions were permitted to be granted except for the causes specified in
the circular of the Provost-Marshal-General, viz, permanent phys-
ical or mental disability, alienage, non-residence, unsuitableness of
age, and two or more years of service in the present war. Persons
removed from one sub-district to another, in the same district, were
not allowed to be stricken from the rolls of the former sub-district
822 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
tintil their names were entered upon the rolls of the latter; and per-
sons removing fi-ora a district were not to be stricken from the rolls
until the Board should be duly certified that said persons were enrolle<l
in their new place of residence. Provost-marshals were also directed
to hold their lists constantly subject to public inspection, as required
by the Provost-Marshal-G^Bneral.
For a more detailed statement of the various methods adopted for
taking, revising, and maintaining the enrollments in the respective dis-
tricts, and the comparative excellence of the several plans pursued,
attention is respectfully invited to the reports of the several district
prevost-marshals, which have already been forwaixled.
DRAFT.
It became apparent soon after the call of the Pi'esident of July 18,
18G4, for 500,000 men, that the quota of Illinois under that call could
not be filled without a draft, and in compliance with intimations from
Washington I had admonished the various boards of enrollment to
complete all their preparations and hold themselves in readiness to
commence drafting as soon as orders were received from me to that
effect, but on no account to begin operations until so notified. I had
been myself directed not to begin the draft in any district until so
owlered by the Provost-Marshal-General, and discretion was given me
to commence drafting, when orders should be received, in such dis-
tricts of the State as to me might seem most expedient.
At length, September 12, 1864, 1 received a telegraphic order direct-
ing me to begin the draft without delay, and in the exercise of the
discretion above mentioned, and for reasons which seemed to me sat-
isfactoiy, but which need not be here enumerated, I selected the
Fourth, Eighth, Tenth, and Twelfth Districta as those in which oper-
ations should first be initiated, and I immediately telegraphed the
provost-marshals of said districts to begin the draft promptly on the
19th day of September, 1864, following my telegraphic order with a
oireular letter of instructions dated September 15, 1864.
The districts next ordered to draft were the First, Fifth, Sixth, and
Seventh, the provost-marshals of which were directed by Circular
No. 172, from this office, dated September 21, 1864, to commence
drafting September 26, 1864.
September 23, 1864, instructions were issued to the remaining dis-
tricts of the State, to wit, the Second, Third, Ninth, Eleventh, and
Thirteenth, to commence the draft on the 29th of September, 1864.
The orders of the Provost-Marshal-General and from this office
found the several boards of enrollment fully prepared, and the draft
began in each case promptly as ordered, and was prosecuted with
vigor.
Under the call of December 19, 1864, for 300,000 men, no draft was
ordered in the Finst, Third, Fifth, and Eighth Districts of this State.
To the provost-marshals of the remaining districts orders to draft
were issued as follows: To Seventh District, March 18, 1865, to com-
mence March 21, 1865; Eleventh and Thirteenth Districts, same date,
to commence March 23, 1865; FouHh and Tenth Districts, March 24,
1865, to commence March 28, 1865; Second, Sixth, Ninth, and Twelfth
Districts, April 6, 1865, to commence April 12, 1865.
The Second District had drawn but fifty-four men, when, in conse*
quence of the sudden and total overthrow of the rebel armies and the
virtual close of the war, orders were received to discontinue recruit-
UNION AUTHOBITIES. 823
iug and drafting hikI to discharge all drafted men not forwai-ded to
rendezvous. The fifty-four men are accordingly reported as dis-
charged. In like manner the men drafted in the Ninth and Twelfth
Districts were discharged by order before any had been forwarded to
general rendezvous. Ordera to arrest the draft were received by the
provost-marshal of the Sixth District before he had actually com-
menced drafting.
For a summary tabulated statement showing the proceeds of the
draft under each call in each district, giving separately drafted men
held to service and substitutes, see Schedule No. 17 in the Appendix
to this report. Said schedule presents the net results of the draft,
and of course only includes those drafted men and substitutes who
were forwarded to general rendezvous and actually put into service.
A complete consolidated statement, showing in detail the results of
the draft in each district and for the whole State, with the number
discharged for the various causes authorized by regulations, the num-
ber who paid commutation, Ac, will also be found in the Appendix
hei-eof, Schedule No. 18.
For a tabulated summary of the statistics of the draft in Illinois in
1864 and 1865, including all supplementary drafts, and showing, by
districts, first, total number drawn; second, whole number report-
ing; third, whole number failing to report; fourth, whole numlxjr dis-
charged without examination; fifth, number examined as to physical
fitness for service; sixth, whole number examined; seventh, number
discharged for physical disability; eighth, number dischai^ed for
other causes; ninth, whole number discharged after examination;
tenth, number held to service; eleventh, number furnishing substi-
tutes; twelfth, number serving personally, see Schedule No. 19,
Appendix.
The column (No. 4) headed " discharged without examination " in-
cludes those discharged by reason of the quota of sub-district being
full and those dischai'ged under oixler of the Provost-Marshal-Gen-
eral of April 14, 1865, directing the dischai-ge of all drafted men not
then forwarded to general rendezvous.
The average enrollment of the State on which the quotas under calls
of July 18 and December 19, 1864, were based was 306,349. The fol-
lowing interesting and suggestive facts and percentages are deduced
from the recorded statistics of the draft on file in this office:
Enrellment basis of the State, 306,349; whole number drafted,
32,279, hemg 10.53 per cent, of enrollment.
Of the number so drafted (32,279)—
Kiimbcr. Per cent
Beported 22,439 69.26
Failed to report 9,840 80.75
Discharged without examination 3,899 12.07
Examined : 18,640 57.12
Discharged on examination 9,595 29.72
DiBcharged for other causes than physical disability 3, 381 10. 47
Examined as to physical fitness 15.159 46.66
Discharged for physical disability 6,214 19.25
Held to service upon examination 8,945 27.40
Served personally 3,541 10.66
Furnished substitates 5,404 16.74
Of those examined (18,540) —
Number. Per ceDt.
Discharged for other causes than physical disability 3, 381 1 8. 23
Examined as to phyfrical fitness 15,159 81.77
824 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Of the whole number physically examined (15,159) —
Momber. Par mbL
Discharged for physical disability 6,214 40.98
Held to sei-vice 8,945 59.02
Of the whole number held to service (8,945) —
Nomber. Per oast
Furnished snbstitntes 5,404 60.41
Served personally 8,541 89.59
While the order to stop recruiting and drafting was hailed with
iinivei-sal I'ejoicing, yet, &s elsewhere observed, most of the communi-
ties in which the quotas were still unfilled had become so thoroughly
aroused, and the local appliances to stimulate volunteering were in
such vigorous and successful operation, that but little more drafting
would anjnvhere have been necessary to clear the State of her entire
obligation under the last call.
PERSONS ARRESTED — NOT DESERTERS.
As was t^ have been expected, it became necessary from time to
time in the prosecution of the work to make arrests of various per-
sons in differant parts of the State for violations of the enrollment
act and sundiy other offenses. Although the number of such arrests
has not been large, yet it is deemed proper to the completeness of this
report that reference should be mmle to the subject.
A summary statement, showing the number of such arrests iu each
district and the grounds upon which the an-ests were made, will be
found in the Appendix hereof, and attention thereto is respectfully
invited. (See Schedule No. 20.)
EXPENSES.
I have constantly endeavored faithfully to carry out the urgent
instructions received from Washington from time to time relative to
the iniiK)i'tance of practicing the most rigid economy consistent with
the effective prosecution of the work and the true interests of the
service, both at these headquarters and in the offices of the respective
pi-ovost-mai*shals of my jurisdiction. The views of the Provost-Mar-
shal-General on this subject have been by me repeatedly and ear-
nestly impressed upon all of my subordinates, who have, I think, as
a general rule, faithfully endeavored to conform their expenditures
to instructions i^eceived, and to contribute by careful circumspection
to lighten the burdens of the Government as much as possible. The
total expenditures of this office since its organization, exclusive of
pay of officers, was referred to while discussing the business depart-
ment of these headquarters, and will be found in Schedule No. 4 of
the Api)endix. In order to ascei'tain the total expenditures in each dis-
trict, and the gmnd aggregate for the whole State since the organiza-
tion of the machinery of the Provost-Marshal-General's Bureau in
Illinois, I addressed a special circular toeach district provost-marshal,
requiring them to transcribe from their records the necessary dataand
report the same to this office. The results, tabulated by districts, and
showing, first, total expenditui'es; second, cost of transportation; third,
net cost; fouHh, number of men furnished, including deserters; fifth,
cost per man, will be found in the Appendix to this report. Schedule
No. 21. The column headed "net cost'Ms found by deducting the cost
of transportation, Ac, from ** total cost" in each district. The com-
parative smaUness of expenditures in the Fourth District is explained
UNION AUTHORITIES. 825
by the fact that the men raised in that district were mostl}' trans-
ported and subsisted by the quartermaster's and commissary depart-
ments, so that those items of expense do not appear in the records of
the provost^marshal of that district. The cost per man in the dif-
ferent districts varies very widely, varying from $8.97 in the Fourth
District to $34.58 in the Thirteenth; or, leaving out the Fourth Dis-
trict for reasons above given, from $11.20 per man in the First Dis-
trict to $34.58 in the Thirteenth District, as aforesaid. Many causes
have contributed to these great variations of comparative cost, among
which should be mentioned the different degrees of business ability
and tact characterizing the respective provost-marshals, but the prin-
cipal cause is to be found in the widely different circumstances and
facilities for the transaction of business in the different portions of
the State where the district headquarters are located.
It will be seen from Schedule No. 21 that 52,221 men, including
deserters and drafted men, have been raised and put into the mili-
tary service of the United States from Illinois since the organization
of this office (April 27, 1863), at an aggregate cost to the Government
of $702,891.37, being an average cost i)er man for the whole State of
$13.40. This estimate, as before remarked, is exclusive of the cost
of transportation, <fcc., including only those items of expenditure con-
nected with the provost-marshals' offices, and appearing upon their
records. When all other expenses are taken into the account, includ-
ing premiums paid for procuring recruits, &c., the average cost per
man for the whole State will, of course, be greatly enhanced; but it is
hoped that the exhibit, taken upon the basis assumed in the schedule,
will not be considered discreditable to the practical economy mani-
fested by the officera of your Bureau in this State.
I have thus briefly traced the organization, progress, and results of
the work intrusted to me as acting assistant provost-marshal-general
for Illinois. It i^emains, in compliance with the invitation of 3'our
letter of April 27, 1865, to which this report is responsive, to add some
general observations suggested by my experience in this field for the
past two yeai-s, in the hope that they may prove of some value should
it, unfortunately, be necessary to resume operations.
GENERAL BEBiARKS.
1. Centralization. — No fact has been more clearly demonstrated by
my experience in this work during the past two years than that the
intei-ests of the service require a greater concentration of all the more
material and responsible elements of the business at the office of the
acting assistant provost-marshal-general. All data essential to the
cori-ect computation of quotas, credits, <fcc. , should be sent to the cen-
tral office. Duplicate copies of the original enrollment lists should
also be forwarded to this office. In like manner, duiing the progress
of a draft, the names of persons drafted each day, and all other
important data, should be transmitted to the central office, instead of
only numerical statistics, as heretofore, which afford no means of veri-
fication in respect to individuals should misunderstandings arise.
Many cases have occurred in relation to the enrollment and draft
which could have been satisfactorily adjusted with far less labor and
time had such facilities of verification been at hand; while for lack
of them many other questions of much importance to sub-districts
and individuals could not be placed in a satisfactory light to the par-
Ides interested. As you have already been apprised, I did not at the
826 COBBESPONDENCE, ETC.
first deem it expedient to intrust the calculation of quotas and
credits, or any part thereof, or of any other important data requirinir
great circumspection and accuracy, to the district boards of enroll-
ment. All of such calculations have been made in this office, and I
am entirely convinced that any other course would have resulted in
irretrievable errors and difficulty. The nice and intricate calculations
required by instructions can be safely made only by a corps of trained
and reliable experts, such as it has been my good fortune to have in
my employ in this department.
It is further obvious that the acting assistant provosts-marshal-
general, being appointed directly by the Government of the United
States and amenable for his official acts only to the department at
Washington, is not only less liable to be unconsciously warped by the
pressure of local influences, or to be affected by the importunities of
individuals, than district provost-marshals and their associates, but,
moreover, a knowledge of these facts and of the independent and
unbiased position of the Government officer strongly predisposes the
people to acquiesce in his opinions and abide by his impartial judg-
ments, even in preference to leaving the determination of difficult
questions to their own local officers.
Several instances have occurred which strikingly confirm the state-
ment just made. I was importuned to allow the provost-marshal of
the Second District, in conjunction with the civil authorities, to read-
just the quotas and credits of a certain county in said district, and
qualified permission to do so was obtained from the Provost-Marshal-
General. But after a few days of ineffectual effort to harmonize the
conflicting views and interests of the citizens they acknowledged their
inability to effect a satisfactory adjustment and voluntarily referred
the whole matter back to me, and from my action in the premises no
disposition to appeal was ever manifested. Similar instances cor-
roborative of the opinion here advanced occurred also in the Sixtii
and several other districts.
The paramount importance of requiring duplicate copies of the
original enrollment lists to be transmitted to this office for file, and
also full reports of the names of drafted men, will further appear in
connection vrith the matter of credits, hereinafter considered. In no
other way, it is believed, can the fraudulent practices which have
largely obtained in the matter of credits be effectually prevented.
As related to the idea of a strongly centralized administration of the
affairs of your Bureau in each State, I would also earnestly recom-
mend that, in case operations should ever be resumed, the account of
the Government should be kept with States only, disregarding all
minor subdivisions, as Congressional districts, counties, precincts,
&G,, and that the calculation of quotas and credits and the manage-
ment of all the details of the draft for each State be intrusted to the
respective acting assistant provost-marshals-general. Your attention
has already been frequently called to the discrepancies between the
records of your office and mine, arising from the fact that while the
Washington basis has been the Congressional district the unit of cal-
culation in this office has of necessity been the sub-district.
Let the Government ascertain the number of men required to be
raised and apportion the same among the respective States as quotas,
leaving it to the respective acting assistant provost-marshals-geneml,
with such aid as can be obtained from the State and local authorities,
to adjust and apportion the State quota among such units of torritoiy
as may by law be established as sub-districts, and to execute tb^
UNION AUTHORITIES. 827
draft whenever one may be neoessaiy, and account to the Grovem-
ment for the proceeds, to be applied as credits on the quota of the
State. Each State thus becomes debtor to the Government for so
many men, and is credited from time to time by volunteers, drafted
men, <fec., furnished, until the account is balanced. Whenever the
books at Washington show that any State is in arrears let requisition
be made through the acting assistant provost-marshal-general for
the number of men due, and let him, with a full knowledge of all the
facts and circumstances of the case, proceed to make the necessary
assessment upon the delinquent sub-districts and raise the men by
draft or otherwise.
It does seem clear to me that this plan would greatly simplify the
work both at the Washington office and in the respective States, while
it would avoid many previously existing causes of perplexing discrep-
ancies of record. All that the Government wants is the men, and all
that the x)eople of the different States want is a simple, direct, and
palpably just and intelligible distribution of the burden. It is mani-
fest that the apportionment of quotas from the Staters indebtedness
directly to the ultimate sub-district unit, instead of circuitously
through the Congressional district, is an immense saving of labor and
greatly enhances the probability of accuracy, while it is not seen that
a single valid objection can be advanced against so simple a plan of
oi)erations; and it is entirely certain that, taking this State as an
example, the one end in view — the filling of the prescribed quota —
would have been more promptly, smoothly, and effectively accom-
plished.
I would further recommend in connection with the point under
advisement that not only all books and other stationery be furnished
by the acting assistant provost-marshal-general to the district boards
of enrollment, as is now the case, but also that all necessary circulars,
advertisements, and other official printing be executed, as far as i>os-
sible, under the direct supervision of the acting assistant provost-
marshals-general of States, and that a uniform system of keeping all
accounts and records be prescribed by your Bureau and enforced
through your assistant in each State. The benefits arising from the
application of this principle to the matter of books and stationery
have been very marked, and have resulted in great economy of
expenditure, and there is no doubt that like advantages would follow
the application of the same rule to the matters above indicated. With
a strict uniformity of records and accounts we should know precisely
what information could be furnished at once upon requisition and
what could not, and unity, instead of diversity, would characterize
all the detailed business transactions of the Bureau.
2. Enrollment, — The starting i>oint and basis of the whole S3r8tem
of replenishing the National Army through the agency of the Bureau
of the Provost-Marshal-General is the enrollment of the arms-bearing
population of the country. Upon its completeness and correctness
dex)ends the equity of credits allowed and quotas imposed. If the
enrollment is right, all is right; if wrong, all is wrong. To no other
subject have I given more attention and thought. It cannot be denied
that the enrollments made under existing laws were far from being
X)erfect, and it is equally undeniable, I think, that the errors con-
tained in said enrollments were not due so much to remissness on the
part of enrolling officers (some of whom, doubtless, were incompetent
and unfaithful) as to grave defects in the laws themselves under
which they acted. In fact, it is believed that most of the imx>erfeo-
tions can never be avoided under the present system.
828 COBRESPONDENCE, ETC.
It is not intimated that the Heveral enrollment acts were not as
carefully matured and as wisely adapted to the end in view as was
possible at the time; much less is it intended to challenge the wisdom
and necessity of the policy of military conscription or the adminis-
trative ability of the Provost-Marshal-G^neral.
The organization of the Bureau was, in my estimation, an absolute
necessity of the (rovemment, and contributed to an incalculable
extent toward the final overthrow and destruction of the rebellion.
Its aid was essential and invaluable not only on account of the vast
accessions to the Army secured through its direct agency, but also,
indirectly, through the significant revelation which it afforded to our
enemies at home and abroad of the ability of Ihe Government to
summon to the national defense the whole military strength of the
country, and that, too, by the stern ordeal of the draft. And the
conduct of the Bureau has, in my judgment, been characterized by
great ability, energy, and prudence. The defects of the present laws
are, for the most part, such as no forecast could anticipate, and which
could only be develoi>ed by experience and time.
I am therefore clearly convinced that a radically different policy
should be adopted in case the agency of your Bureau should again
be called into requisition. Instead of endeavoring to search out and
hunt up every person liable to military service through the agency of
a vast multitude of petty enrolling officers, upon whose capacity and
fidelity it is not possible in all cases to rely, I think the Government
should impose its supreme demands directly upon the people them-
selves, and require them, under the sternest x)enalties, to report
themselves for enrollment. If the Government has a right to the
military service of its citizens in times of public peril, rebellion, and
war, it has a right to securo such services in the simplest, cheapest,
and most direct manner.
The iK>liGy advocated is not new; it is as old as the principles and
method of Federal, State, and local taxation. It is the duty of tax-
payers to call at the office of the collector and discharge their indebt-
edness, or, in default, to suffer their proiierty to be sold by public
auction. The collector does not go to the tax-payer, but the tax-
payer comes to the collector, and so I think it should be with a
military enrollment.
As soon as the emergency requiring a conscription can be fore-
seen let the acting assistant provost-marshals-general of States be
required, through their respective district provost-marshals and oth-
erwise, to give general and emphatic public notice through the news-
papers, ciroulars, handbills, &c., that a draft is impending, and that
all persons between the prescribed ages must appear before the Board
of Enrollment of their district and be duly enrolled or exempted for
cause, as the case may be, or suffer the consequences. Let the several
boards be required to hold meetings for that purpose in a sufficient
number of places in each county for the proper and speedy accom-
modation of all liable to enrollment, and let a sufficient time be
allowed for the purpose at each point. Immediately upon tiie ter-
mination of the period assigned for reporting, let public notice be like-
wise given that the lists will be finally closed within a certain time-
say ten days — after which all voluntarily failing to report shall be
subject to the penalties and liabilities provided by law. Let it be
enacted that any person liable to enrollment, and finally failing or
refusing to report to the proper officers for that purpose, shall be
heavily fined, or imprisoned, or both, as Congress shall prescribe, and
UNION AirrHORITlES. 829
that all such persons so failing to report^ but whose names may be
communicated throogh other sources to the Board of Enrollment,
shall, if drafted and accepted, be compelled to serve personally.
Let the foregoing rule apply to aliens, to iiersons having conscien-
tious scruples against bearing arms, and to all classes and descrip-
tions of persons, without distinction, whose ages are within the
prescribed limits.
In like manner let it be made the duty of all persons coming into a
district for the purpose of residence, or removing from a district with
intention to reside elsewhere, to report as aforesaid to the proper
officers for enrollment, and make it the duty of each district provost-
marshal to furnish the provost-marshal of the district from which
such new residents have removed with a certificate that they have
been duly enrolled; and until such certificate is received let it be
unlawful to strike the names of such persons from the lists.
As already remarked, no enrollment should be ordered until it is
clearly foreseen that a draft must be made, taking care, however, to
allow a sufficient time between enrollment and draft for the thorough
and careful perfection of the lists, so that none can plead that oppor-
tunity was not afforded them for compliance with the law.
It will be seen that under the operation of such an enrollment act
as is here proposed not only is the original enrollment made with
incomparably less difficulty, time, and expense, but it becomes there-
after throughout the whole continuance of the war, and without any
additional expense whatever, self-revising, so that each State will
thereafter be always ready for any new assignment of quotas and any
additional drafts. It is also morally certain that an enrollment made
under the provisions of such a law would be far moi*e complete and
reliable than by the present or any other system; for, beyond all
question, just as but a very small percentage of the tax-payers of a
community incur the hazard of losing their estates by neglecting to
pay their taxes, so a like unimportant portion of the arms-bearing
population of any sub-district would voluntarily incur the stem pen-
alties of imprisonment and fine by seeking to evade the requirements
of such a military enactment; and not only would the number of
delinquents be very small from the nature of the case, but it would
be constantly and rapidly reduced by the hearty assistance rendei^ed
by all who had themselves complied with the law, every one of whom
would be urged by the strongest incentives of personal interest to
bring forward such delinquents or rei>ort them for punishment.
As already intimated, I am fully convinced that it is not only the
indisputable right of the Government in time of war to secure the
services of its citizen soldiery in the summary manner here recom-
mended, but that the justice and reasonableness of the exercise of the
right would be generally acquiesced in by the people, especially in
view of its impartial fairness, simplicity, and economy, and the swift
retribution which would by it overtake tories and cowards and
skulkers of every name and class. In respect to the superior economy
of the proposed measure, a glance at the expense account connected
with the enrollment in this State, and I doubt not equally in every
other State, is conclusive. By reference to Schedule No. 5 of the
Appendix to this i-eport it will be seen that the Government has paid,
in the various enrollments and revisions which have been made in
this State, for 47,282 days* service, at $3 per day, amounting to
$141,840, being about (IG per man for each of the 8,041 men obtained
by the draft. And by comparison of the cost of enrollment alone, as
830 GOBRESFONDEKCEy ETC.
above stated, with the grand aggregate of all the ezpenditiires
incnrred by the district provost-marshals of Illinois, $702,891.37 (see
Schedule No. 21), it will be seen that the former amoanto to more
than 20 per cent, of the latter. In other words, the Grovernment has
paid for the single work of making and revising the enrollment lists
in this State more than one- fifth of the entire sum required to keep in
ox>eration the whole machinery of the bureau from its organization
until now. A further comparison of the schedules referred to shows
that the enrollment expense averages more for each man obtained by
the draft than the grand average per man of the whole 52,221 men
sent to the field from this State during my administration.
Not only would the advantages already enumerated inevitably flow
from the proposed amendment, but the cumbrous machinery of the
district offices would be at once relieved and simplified by the dis-
charge of a vast number of enrolling officers, amounting to over 1,000
in the State, with the laborious and perplexing duties connected with
the proper selection, instruction, and supervision of so large a force of
employes.
I have not considered it necessary or proper to indicate, in detail,
the provisions of such an enrollment act as would secure the fore-
going most beneficial results. Such details belong to the Provost-
Marshal-Creneral and to Congress, to whose wisdom it is my province
to leave them, in full confidence that they would be judiciously and
effectively adjusted; but I would earnestly recommend, by the high
considerations of national sovereignty in time of war, by the com-
pleteness and reliability which should characterize the vital work of a
military enrollment; by the pains and penalties which should be
meted out to those who would Ignominiously shrink from bearing a
part in the public defense, and by the necessity of rigid economy of
exi)enditures, that, should operations ever be resumed, the enroll-
ment act should be amended in accordance with the suggestions which
I have made.
Should the present mode of enrollment be continued, substantially,
I should still have some suggestions to make by which its practical
operation could be, I think, materially improved; but my senate of
the necessity of a radical change is so strong and my conviction is
so clear that the Provost-Marshal-General and Congress would never
again rely upon a method of enrollment so unwieldy and inefficient
as the present, that I have foreborne to advert to the means by which
the working of the existing system might be rendered more satis-
factorv.
3. Place of credit, — I would recommend that existing orders and
regulations be so modified as to make the place of actual residence,
as shown and verified by the enrollment lists, the only and inflexible
rule of credits. To this end let each district provost-marshal furnish
the Board of Enrollment of every other district in the State with a
duplicate of his em-oUment lists, in addition to the copy forwarded to
the acting assistant provost-marshal-general, as hereinbefore recom-
mended; or, let acting assistant provost-marshals-general be required
to consolidate and publish the enrollment lists of the whole State and
furnish each district board of enrollment with a copy. Wit^ these
records before it each board could at once determine the truth or fal-
sity of every allegation of a recruit or substitute as to his particular
place of residence. If the statement of the man should be verified by
the enrollment list of the proper sub-district, he should be enlisted
and ci'edited accordingly; but if the enrollment list does not sustain
said statement, then the desired credit should be refused.
UNION AUTH0RITIE6. 831
It is believed that such a rale, properly guarded, would effectually
prevent the grievous and unanswerable complaints which have come
up to this office from sub-districts in the agricultural portions of the
State, and from small settlements and villages, that they were robbed
and depleted of their arms-bearing population by the wealthy cities
and towns under the temptation of enormous bounties, with which
they could not ix>ssibly compete, being thus compelled to fill quotas
based upon an enrollment a large percentage of which, having been
credited elsewhere, could not be present to bear their portion in the
resi)onsibility of a draft.
Next to the errors of the enrollment, the practical injustice of the
loile and manner of credits which has very extensively prevailed in
this State, and no less, I presume, in other States, has been the most
prolific source of irritation and hard feeling. It is simply impossible
to convince the honest people of a sub-district that it is right or just
to place them at the mercy of their wealthy neighbors, to be stripped
of their young men and left to meet the emergencies of the draft with
but a fraction of their rightful resources. It is confidently believed
that the only true principle is, first, to obtain a complete and reliable
enrollment, and then make each sub-district responsible for its own
quota, insuring it credit for every man enlisted from it, making
actual residence, as shown and verified by the enrollment lists, the rule
and test of the place of credit in every case. It is further believed
that the same rule should apply in the case of the enlistment of aliens,
minors, persons over age — in a word, in the case of all persons who
may for any reason not be liable to enrollment, so far as the question
of residence can in such cases be determined, proper evidence of
which could easily be prescribed and required.
I am aware that the adjustment of this matter upon a basis that
shall be just alike to the public interests of the sub-district and the
private interests of the individual is extremely difficult; but the num-
ber and enormity of the wrongs which have been committed and
endui'ed under existing permissive regulations, or, rather, in spite of
the spirit and intent of existing orders, call loudly for a remedy; and
I do not see that any other would be more effective and, in the main,
just than the one suggested.
4. Substitute brokers, — In my judgment the strong hand of the
Government should be laid upon the whole heartless crew of substi-
tute brokers, whether as principals or subordinates, and all others
who would make merchandise of the necessities and calamities of the
country. The whole business is founded upon a supreme and sordid
selfishness, and prosecuted with a degree of unprincipled recklessness
and profligacy unparalleled in the annals of corruption and fraud.
The traffic is too odious to be engaged in by resx)ectable men, or, if
such persons do embark in it with honest intentions at first, they soon
become so corrupted by the nefarious practices to which competition
compels them to resort as to lose all claim to the character of hon-
orable men. The whole thing is demoralizing to those engaged in it,
whether as agents or subjects, and a disgrace to the people who con-
nive at it and the Government that tolerates it. It presses into the
service, by devices which no vigilance can wholly prevent, great num-
ber of men wholly unfit for military duty. It disgraces the honest
soldier and the service by conferring the dignity of the Federal uni-
form upon branded felons; upon blotched and bloated libertines and
pimps; upon thieves, burglars, and vagabonds; uponthe riff-raff of cor-
ruption and scoundrelism of every shade and degree of infamy which
can be swept into the insatiable clutches of the vampires who fatten
832 COBBBSFONDENCE, ETC.
upon the profits of the execrable bnsiness. It is the parent and sup-
port also of the herd of bounty jumpers who have prowled the country
during the last twelve months, scandalously selling themselves again
and again to the highest bidder, regardless of their plighted faith and
the solemnities of their oaths to the Government.
The enormous gains of the business clothe its agents with a power
of bribery against which there is reason to fear that not a few of the
commissioned officers of the Government have proved unable to stand.
Many well-known facts render this more than a mere surmise. Mem-
bers of boards of enrollment who were penniless when they received
their commissions have retired from the service with a display of
means utterly incompatible with the assumption of their honesty, and
yet so adroitly has the business been conducted that no clue can be
obtained whereby to prove their guilt.
A business that thus interferes with the military operations of the
Government, demoralizing and corrupting both people and soldiery,
and bringing the force of a tremendous temptation to bear npon the
very officers of the Government to swerve them from rectitude—a
business that makes bounty jumpers by hundreds, a set of dastards
who, to the crime of desertion, add the meanness of constructive theft
and robbery — a business that tends to stain the proud name of the
soldier of the Republic, and entail, by vilest fraud, an expense of
untold thousands. Such a business not only cannot be right, but muht
be considered as falling within the sphere of the national authority in
time of war.
I. therefore suggest and recommend that substitute brokerage be
suppressed by proper authority, as a military offense, and that all per-
sons found guilty of engaging therein be liable to summary trial and
punishment by court-martial or military commission; and that any
provost-marshal, commissioner, surgeon, or other officer of the Pro-
vost-Marshal-GeneraFs Bureau who shall countenance and encour-
age, or in any manner aid and abet any system of substitute broker-
age, or the agents thereof, or who shall receive any bribe from, or
have any pecuniary or other connection with, substitute brokers, shall
be dishonorably and summarily dismissed the service.
5. Deserter H. — The number of deserters arrested and returned to
the service from Illinois during my administration as acting assistant
provost-marshal-general is 5,805, as shown by Schedule No. 6, Appen-
dix. While it is believed that this result will compare favorably
with that attained in any other State of like geographical situation
and general circumstances, yet I am persuaded that under a differ-
ent policy the number of arrests would have been very largely
increased.
This topic has been so fully presented in several of the historical
reports of my district provost-marslials, and the views therein
advanced are, in many instances and particulars, so just and practi-
cal, that I need here do but little more than advert to and indorse
them.
Incalculable evil has resulted from the clemency of the Govern-
ment toward deserters. By a merciful severity at the commencement
of the war the mischief might have been nipped in the bud, and the
crime of desertion could never have reached the gigantic proportions
which it attained before the close of the conflict. The people were
then ardent and enthusiastic in their loyalty, and would have cheer-
fully and coidially assented to any measures deemed necessary to the
strength and integrity of the Army. They had heard of the ** Rules
UNION AUTHORITIES. 833
and Articles of War," and were fully prepared to see them applied in
their sternest rigor to every miscreant who should basely desert the
flag. They understood that it was war with which the Gk)vemment
had to deal, and they expected and desired that an earnest and inflex-
ible war policy would be at once inaugurated and carried out, and
that deserters from the Army would be remorselessly arrested, tried
by court-martial, and, if guilty, be forthwith shot to death with
musketry.
This was unquestionably the almost universal attitude of the pub-
lic mind when hostilities began, and the just expectations of the i)eo-
ple should not have been disappointed. Arrest, trial, and execution
should have been the short, sharp, and decisive fate of the first
deserters. All the people would have said amen, and the crime of
desertion, except in rare instances, would have ceased, just as it did
in Mexico as soon as the deserters who fought us at Cherubusco were
captured and hung. This is human nature, and it will ever remain so.
Let the grim but indispensable code of war be enforced by a few
examples of death by musketry or hemp, and the lesson will not need
to be repeated, while mere paper penalties soon come to be disre-
garded and despised.
I trust that these remarks will not be considered in the light of an
irrelevant homily upon an abstract theory, or as the utterance of
mere truisms. I make them as being germane to the main purpose
of the department in calling for these final rei>orts, which is to gather
up the fruits of our past experience for future use. And I deliber-
ately declare my conviction that the people were ready for the most
rigid and, if necessary, the most sanguinary enforcement of the Rules
and Articles of War upon all military criminals; and that by a swift
visitation of death upon convicted deserters in those early and deci-
sive months of the war the habits of desertion and of contempt for
penalties threatened but never executed never could have prevailed
to the frightful extent that they now do. The Govefnment was far
behind the people in this matter, and so continued until long and cer-
tain impunity had thrown such swarms of deserters and desperadoes
into every State that it was then too Late to avert the calamity. It
was impossible to hang or shoot all of them, and so none were shot
or hung, and thus the terrible evil went on with steadily increasing
rapidity to the end.
I state these things so that if we have another war the Government
may start right — ^put deserters to death, enforce military law, strike
hard blows at the outset, tone up the national mind at once to a real-
ization that war is war, and to be sure that such a policy will be
indorsed and sustained by the people.
There are other suggestions to be made in respect to deserters, but
the one I have already advanced — the non-enforcement of the penalties
provided by the military code for the crime of desertion, especially at
the beginning — is, beyond all question, the grand fundamental cause
of the unparalleled increase of that crime and of the inability of dis-
trict provost-marshals, with their whole force of special agents and
detectives, to rid the country of deserters. They came nearly as fast
as, and sometimes faster than, they could be caught and sent back to
tJie field. The supply seemed inexhaustible. The same deserters
were arrested, sent to the rendezvous, forwarded to the front, put
into the ranks without the pretense of trial or investigation, only to
desert and return to the State, to be again arrested and put through
53 R R— SERIES ra, VOL V
834 COBBESPONDENCEy ETC.
the same mockery as before. The same men have been arrested and
rearrested for desertion from two to five times. (See reports of
Captains James, Eustace, and others.)
Not only should the extreme penalty be meted out to deserters
found worthy of it, but far heavier pecuniary losses should attach
than are now authorized. The reward allowed for the arrest of
deserters has proved in this State entirely inadequate. Coupled, as
it is, with the liability that the person arrested will not prove to be a
deserter, and with the risk and danger attending capture, a sufficient
number of the right kind of men cannot be found to engage in the
business — in Illinois, at least — for the reward offered by the Govern-
ment; and since even that has been withdrawn, no deserters are now
arrested.
In my judgment the reward should not be less than 1100 for each
deserter arrested and restored to the service, the agent to bear all the
expenses of every kind connected with the arrest and delivery at gen-
eral rendezvous. This seems a large bounty, but I am satisfied that
it would be in the end more economical even than the inadequate
sums heretofore allowed. It would at once place a large and formida-
ble force of detectives in the field, a knowledge of which, in addition
to the heavy amount charged against deserters, would oi)erate as a
powerful check to desertions, the number of which would rapidly
diminish. With such a stimulus I am satisfied that scarcely a
deserter would have remained in Illinois after the end of the first
year of the war. It is true that higher motives should enlist the serv-
ices of citizens in such a work, but in point of fact such is not the
case, and we must take things as they really are. I would also recom-
mend stringent measures in the case of officers who restore deserters
to duty without even the form or pretense of trial, as required by reg-
ulations. My attention has been called again and again to instances
of that kind, the whole effect of which is discouraging to provost-
marshals and demoralizing to the discipline of the Army.
6. Bounties, — It has seemed to me that if the Grovemment deems it
expedient to offer large bounties as an inducement to volunteer, it
would be more prudent not to pay any part or installment of such
bounties in advance. The large amount received from the Govern-
ment by the soldier before he leaves the general rendezvous, added
to the local bounty, which is often still larger, constitutes a very
strong temptation to desert — too strong in many instances for resist-
ance. I would therefore recommend, should the policy of large boun-
ties be hereafter continued, that no part be paid until after the
soldier has served a certain time.
But I am of the opinion that a still better policy would be, in future
wars, to dispense with Government bounties alt(^ether as a means of
promoting volunteering, and, instead, to increase the regular pay of
the soldier to such an extent as would enable him, with prudence and
economy, to support his family or dependents while in the Army,
relying upon the spirit of the i)eople and such local bounties as par-
ticular communities might offer to secure volunteers, and when these
resources failed, call in the aid of the draft.
The drain upon the National Treasury to pay such large bounties
to such vast numbers of men is prodigious, and if continued would be
absolutely ruinous. The amount of bounty necessary to secure a
given result at successive stages of a war is, moreover, necessarily
greater and greater. A sum that secures volunteers enough to fill
one call will prove inadequate for the next call; and so the amount
UNION AUTH0R1TIB& 835
must be increaeed as the war goes on, until the resources of the Fed-
eral Treasury become unequal to toe demand. Nor is this the only
evil. Those who re8i>ond to the first call of their country and enter
the service without any stimulus but patriotism regard with disfavor
those who could only be induced to take up arms by the pressure of
pecuniary motives, while those who subsequently receive a still larger
bounty are disliked in turn by their predecessors, to whom a less
amount was paid; and so the effect is not only to engender bitter and
jealous feelings among the soldiers, but also to induce those not yet
enlisted to wait for still greater offers, and thus defeat the very end
in view.
The bad effects above mentioned have been realized in this State
to a large extent. The ill-nature produced by the disparity of bene-
fits received by different i>ortions of the regiment has, in many
instances, been injurious to the morale of the whole command, while
taunts and retorts, criminations and recriminations, have impaired
the efficiency of the men by diverting attention from duty to angry
disputations. I am convinced that, upon the whole, the evils of large
Government bounties are greatei* than the benefits, and do not doubt
that a different i>olicy should obtain in case great armies are again to
be called into service.
7. Terra of service — Short enlisimenis. — Although not directly called
for by the scope of this report, I may be allowed to express my sense
of the inexpediency of enlisting men for short periods. In my opinion,
all enlistments should have b^n, from first to last, for three years or
the war. The evils of short enlistments are too obvious to require
mention. They are not only expensive and vexatious, but involve the
hazard of the defeat and miscarriage of the most skillfully planned
cami>aign, or even the loss of a battle, on the very eve of victory.
The spectacle described by General McDowell in hLs report of Bull
Run — ^that of regiments whose time had expired ''marching to the
rear to the sound of the enemy's cannon'* — should never be possible
in time of war. It would seem that our experience of the miserable
effects of short enlistments in the Mexican war should have been
sufficient.
I know that there is no diversity of opinion at the War Department
as to the iK>licy of short enlistments, and that the only question there
has been in reference to the practicability of filling up the Army with
three-years' men. On this point I believe that if 'Hhree years or the
war " had been the watchword of the Government at the outset, and
steadily persisted in, there would have been no serious difficulty in
raising the men.
It is known that the patriotism of the country flamed so high in
1861 that tens of thousands of volunteers were rejected after the call
was filled, and that thousands who could not get in in their own States
sought admission to the Army through the organizations of other
States. No questions were asked in those months of ardent feeling
about the term of service; they would have gone iu for five years or
the war if it had been so required. Then was the time to have ini-
tiated the rule of long enlistments, which could, in my opinion, have
been successfully adhered to throughout the war. I am sure that
this opinion is entertained by the great mass of loyal men of this
State.
My purpose in commenting upon this subject would not be com-
pleted if I failed to notice the jealousy and bad feeling created iu the
Army by the presence in the same regiment of three-yeai-s' men who
836 CORRB8PONDENCB, ETC.
had enlisted without bounty, and recruits having but six or nine
months or a year to serve, for which brief term they had received heavy
bounties. In the adjustment, too, of the quota and crodit accounts
of the respective States the whole business would have been infinitely
simplified, and innumerable obscurities and complaints avoided, 'd
one uniform rule of three years' service had been adopted and enforced
in all the States.
It would be easy to multiply arguments on the subject, but I will
only add that, knowing long enlistments to be the true policy of Uie
Gk>vemment in time of war, and fully believing that, if begun in
time, such x>olicy could be practically carried out, it should by all
means be the settled rule of enlistments in the future wars.
8. Resistance. — ^At the time I was ordered to take post in this city,
as acting assistant provost-marshal-general of Illinois, no signal
success had crowned the national arms, and the public mind was
much depressed and in a state of feverish apprehension. Advantage
was taken of this discouraging asi)ect of affairs by the enemies of the
Gk>vemment, and threats of resistance and defiance to the provisions
of the enrollment act, then just i)assed, were freely made in various
parts of the State, eliciting much uneasiness on the i>art of good men.
Though not sharing in the fears that were entertained respecting the
imminence of an actual outbreak, I deemed it prudent to enjoin
upon my subordinates the exercise of great circumspection and for-
bearance and the careful avoidance of all unnecessary irritation whUe
in the discharge of their duties. The measure about to be inaugu-
rated by the Government was not only new and hitherto untried in
this country, but one against which the people had conceived a most
violent prejudice, and common sagacity dictated the pursuance of
such a course as would allay the excitement and fears of the people
and lead them gradually to a more rational view of the nature and
necessity of conscription, while the infiexible purpose of the Crovem-
ment to enforce the law regardless of all opposition and menace was
at the same time firmly exhibited.
Under instructions in harmony with the foregoing i>olicy the work
began and progressed rapidly and satisfactorily in almost eveiy dis-
trict. The disloyal elements of the State, which were not lacking in
numbers or virulence, were awed by the calm strength and quiet
determination exhibited by the Government, and shrank from open
collision, while the friends of a stem prosecution of the war rapidly
discarded their fears and prejudices and ranged themselves firmly on
the side of the Government and its officers.
At a very early period after the work commenced an enrolling officer
was assaulted and almost killed in the streets of Chicago; but the
summary arrest and condign punishment of the miscreant settled the
question at once in that city and district, and exerted a wholesome
influence upon the disaffected in other portions of the State.
At a later period more serious resistance was made in the Ninth,
Tenth, Eleventh, and Thirteenth Districts, in each of which the aid
of the military was at different times called to the assistance of the
provost-marshals. One county of the Thirteenth District (William-
son) was obliged to be enrolled in the presence and by the aid of a
company of cavalry, and a bitter and dangerous spirit was for a time
manifested ; but the certainty of invoking upon themselves the prompt
and irresistible strength of the military arm dissuaded the insurgents
from the hazards of actual collision, and the excitement gradually
died away.
UNION ADTH0BITIE8. 8S7
A military force had also to be sent into Fayette, Clark, Coles, Mor-
gan, Fulton, and some other oonnties, and a few men were killed and
wonnded on both sides before the disturbances were quelled. The
most serious outbreaks occurred near Manchester, Scott County,
Tenth District, and at Charleston, Coles County, Seventh District, to
both of which places I was obliged to send a strong force, and many
prisoners were taken and variously disposed of, as provided by regu-
lations and laws. In each case the insurgents dispersed ui>on the
appearance of the military. Full reports of my action in those affairs
have been forwarded to the office of the Provost-Marshal-GeneraL
The difficulties above mentioned nearly all occurred in connection
with the enrolljnent. The only serious opposition after the draft was
connected with the service of notices upon drafted men, and occurred
chiefly in Fulton, Clark, and Fayette Counties. But the presence of
troops held the leaders in check, and the notices were finally served
in every instance.
Although but few actual collisions have occurred in the State, a
bitter and dangerous temper has frequently been manifested, and
formidable combinations have existed in various localities, with the
avowed purpose of armed resistance to the enforcement of the laws;
and I am entirely satisfied that the presence in the State of the requisite
military force was all that prevented the bloody culmination of their
threats in many localities, if not a general and formidable insurrection,
especially toward the close of the year 1864.
My experience has demonstrated the comparative uselessness of
infantry in dealing with roving bands of deserters, assassins, and
desperadoes, such as have infested portions of this State the past two
years. These gangs are usually well mounted, familiar with idl the
woods and swamps and byroads of the country, and can of course
successfully elude the infantiy and defy their pursuit. I would there-
fore recommend, should occasion require the resumption of operations
under the enrollment act, that a sufficient force of cavalry be placed
at the disposal of the acting assistant provost-marshals-general to
meet all emergencies likely to arise in connection with the enforcement
of the enrollment and draft.
It is not needful to look for the causes of nearly all the opposition
which I have encountered in this State. It is due mainly to the (as I
think) mistaken clemency of the Gk>vemment in dealing with deserters,
upon which I have elsewhere remarked, and the machinations of a
few disloyal political leaders, aided by the treasonable utterances of
corrupt and profligate newspapers. The swarms of deserters whom
assured impunity brought to the State exerted a most baleful and
contaminating influence both in preventing enlistments and also in
giving head and venom to the lawless gangs that attempted to resist
and defy the authorities.
But the grand cause— the only really guilty and formidable source
of the dangers through which Illinois has passed — is to be found in
the steady streams of political poison and arrant treason which have
been permitted to flow from the wicked, reckless, and debauched
newspaper press of the State. But for this the enrollment and dra^
would have passed off with scarcely a ripple of disturbance. The
terrible effect of such daily teachings upon the iguorant and deluded
masses can well be imagined. The Government, with all its officers,
aims, and purposes, has been maligned, calumniated, aspersed, and
defied with a persistent fiendishness and a truculent hatred that
would have seemed incredible and impossible. And chief among
838 COBRE8PONDENCB, ETC.
these instigatorH of insnrreotion and treason, the fonl and damnable
leservoir which supplied the lesser sewers with political filth, false-
hood, and treason, has been the Chicago Times — a newspaper which
would not have needed to change its course an atom if its place of
publication had been Richmond or Charleston instead of Chicago— a
sheet which has been bought by tens of thousands by Soutiiem emis-
saries, with Southern gold, for gratuitous Southern distribution, to
keep alive the delusion and spirits of the Southern people, and pro-
tract the war — ^a paper that rebel leaders have ever regarded as their
best Northern ally in Illinois, and whose editorials have been read
with delight by Davis and his fellow-traitors since the war began.
The pestilent influence of that i>aper in this State has been simply
incalculable. I have not the slightest doubt that it is responsible for
the shedding of more drops of the patriot blood of Illinois solders
than there are types in all of its four images of i>olitical slime and
scandal. The conspiracy that came so near wrapping Chicago in
flames and drenching her streets with blood was fomented and encour-
aged by the teachings of the Chicago Times. Without that paper
there would have been no conspiracy. In my opinion, without desir-
ing in the least to abridge the regulated liberty of the press, it is as
much the duty of the Government to suppress such newspapers in
time of public danger and war as it is to storm the fortresses, sink
the navies, and destroy the armies of the common enemy; and should
war again breakout I would urge the prompt adoption of that poli<^.
In illustration of the truth of this estimate of the Times, attention is
respectfully invited to the special report of Capt. William James,
provost-marshal of the First District, a copy of which has been for-
warded to the Provost-Marshal-GtoneraL
9. Medical officers,--! would recommend that in any future organ-
ization of the Bureau of the Provost-Marshal-General a competent
medical officer be assigned to duty at the headquarters of acting
assistant provost-marshals-general of States, to direct and supervise
the transactions of surgeons of boards of enrollment, attend to the
prompt rendition of correct medical rei>orts, and take the general
resi>onsibility of the right conduct of the medical branch of the
bureau in their respective States. The importance of such an addi-
tion to the corps of permanent officers at these headquarters became
evident to me as soon as the draft had developed the imperfect
manner in which the medical records of district surgeons hsid been
kept, and my conviction of the utility and necessity of such a chief
of the medical branch has been confirmed by the good effects which
have followed the arrival and services at this post of Surg. Martin
Rizer, who has greatly contributed to the efficiency of this branch
since he has been on duty here.
As previously intimated, it is much to be regretted that the policy
of attaching a medical officer to the staff of acting assistant provost-
marshals-general of States was not adopted at an earlier day, espe-
cially in view of the severe loss that will accrue to the Government,
and to the cause of medical science, from the very meager and imper-
fect final medical reports which, I regret to say, have, in most
instances, been forwarded from district surgeons, and which it was
already too late to remedy, except in part, when Surgeon Rizer
rei>orted for duty at these headquarters. Such an opportunity of
enlarging the boundaries of medical science and enriching the pro-
fession with an almost boundless profusion and variety of curious
facts and interesting statistics, as the experience of the last foor
years has afforded, will hardly oorni' asrain in many generations.
UKION AUTHOBITIEB. 839
A glance through the excellent rei)ort of Surg. Moses F. Bassett, of
the Fourth District, will show how exceedingly valuable an equally
f uU statement of results and opinions from each of our thirteen dis-
tricts would have been, while with proper supervision in the past
even that report could have been made much richer and better. I
would earnestly advise that the results of past exfierience in the
medical branch be still saved to the country, as far as possible, in the
form of special reports, <fec., to be made by competent officers detailed
for that purpose.
10. Ghvemment aMomey. — I would also respectfully recommend to
the Provost-Marshal-General the expediency of designating, should
operations be resumed, a legal adviser of approved ability and dis-
cretion, to take post at the headquarters of the acting assistant
provost-marshals-general of States during the progress of drafting,
to whom questions involving principles of a purely legal character
might be referred for his opinion, counsel, and advice. The expense
to the Government would be iDconsiderable, as the time during which
the services of such a person would be needed would not be long,
while the benefits of a prompt and reliable determination of legal
questions, in the midst of the huriy and excitement of a draft, would
be of the greatest value.
The Provost-Marshal-General is aware that legal points, upon which
the military officers of the Government are not supposed to be pre-
jmred to give an authoritative opinion, are constantly arising, and dur-
ing the progress of a draft it is often impossible to submit such points
to the F^vost-Marshal-General in time to answer the emergency.
11. Medical examinations, — It is with deference submitted that the
minute description and detailed statement of the disqualifying and
nondisqualifying diseases and infirmities, the presence or absence of
which is made by regulations the test of the fitness or unfitness of a
recruit or drafted man for military duty, should be abolished ; and
that instead it should simply be provided that all men found upon
careful examination to be, in the judgment of the surgeon, mentally
and physically capable of active military service, shall be accepted
and enlisted, and all not found to be so capable shaU be rejected.
In my estimation the minuteness and prolixity of existing instruc-
tions relative to medical examinations perplex and embarrass more
than they aid the judgment of surgeons. A conscientious surgeon
will reject a man of whose actual ability for duty he has no moral
doubt, because the regulations seem to him so to require, while a dis-
honest surgeon will, for a consideration, reject a man under pre-
tense of some technical disability having no existence in fact, but to
which his construction of the prescribed rules give color of truth.
And, worst of all, under a similar plea of technical necessity a bad or
malicious surgeon may send to the field a man more fit for a hospital
than for the Army, and thus perpetrate a crime against humanity
little better than constructive murder.
I am satisfied that many instances have occurred under each of the
three classes above described, especially under the first and second
classes, while it has been impossible, as the rules stand, to correct
the error in the first case, or to detect and pnnish the crime in the
second and third cases. It would seem plain that competent and
honest surgeons do not need such minute sx)ecifications, while on the
other hand dishonest or incompetent surgeons are as likely to be mis-
led by them as to be assisted, or to willfully misconstrue or abuse them
for their own private ends.
840 COEBSaPONDBMCEy ETC.
The impoitaiioe of secaring professional ability of the highest avafl-
able order and at least an average degree of integrity for the position
of surgeon to boards of enrollment can hardly be overestimated. The
opportunities of bribery and fraud enjoyed by those officers in time
of draft (and improved by not a few) are innumerable, and of such a
character as to defy detection^ although the moral evidence of guilt
may be most conclusive. I would therefore further recommend that
no district surgeons be hereafter commissioned except upon examina-
tion and award duly made by a commission of suigeons of approved
honor and ability, to be designated and appoint^ by the Grovem-
ment for that purpose. I have no Utopian expectation that such a
change would be a radical cure of the evil, but I am sure fJiat it
would greatly lessen it, and throw some additional safeguards about
the interests of the Government and of the people.
12. Railroads and war. — ^Most of the railway companies in this State
have manifested a praiseworthy disposition not only to carry out
their covenants with the Government in good faith relative to the
transportation of trooxm, military stores, and munitions of war, but
jtiave also shown a spirit of generous co-operation and patriotism,
cheerfully submitting to temporary interruptions of their regular
business and to all the annoyances and losses incident to a state of
war. I regret that there should have been any exceptions to the
above statements, but there have been such exceptions, and of so
marked a character as to require a notice in this report. During the
most active period of recruiting my provost-marshals on the lines of
some of the roads have frequently been unable to induce the compa-
nies to halt their trains at the points and hours necessary for the
proper accommodation of detachments of recruits that were waiting
to be forwarded to general rendezvous, thus adding to the expense
of subsisting and lodging, or compelling the shipment of the men at
an hour that would bring them to the rendezvous in the night. The
same evil has also occuired during the progress of the draft, result-
ing in the escaiie and desertion of many drafted men and substitutes.
It is true that in most cases the officers of the roads have promptly
repudiated the acts of their subordinates when informed thereof, and
directed them to afford all necessary facilities to provost-marahals
for the transi>ortation of their men; but great inconvenience and
detriment to the service nevertheless occurred during the interval
between the reception at this office of the provost-marshars report of
the difficulty and my reference of the matter to the proper railroad
authorities. In a few cases no active measures were taken to remedy
the evil, and no disposition was manifested to co-operate with the
officers of the Government in their efforts to push forward troops to
the front.
I have also to rei>ort instances of needless and shameless inhuman-
ity on the part of some companies in the character of the accommo-
dations furnished to soldiers. Brave men, including many sick and
wounded, have been crowded into common box-cars in the dead of
winter, without fires, or fuel, or lights, or any other conveniences that
had been enjoyed by the cattle that occupied the cars before
them, and in this condition the poor fellows were compelled to make
journeys of hundreds of miles. In other instances the same class of
cars were used in the hottest weather, and without having been
cleansed of the filth left by the cattle, hogs, and other stock* Many
deaths have occurred from diseases caused by the cold, suffocation,
and stench endured in those trains, while a few were not able to hold
out to the end of the route, and were taken out dead.
UKION AUTHORTTIBS. 841
Tha Gk>v6mment oannot afloid to permit the i)08sibility of such
cmel and brutal treatment of good soldiers and brave men to gratify
the heartless avarice of corporations which have been enriched by the
war. I would therefore recommend that such changes be made in
the regulations touching the use of railway lines for military pur-
poses in time of war as shall preclude the possibility of a recurrence
of conduct BO disgraceful to humanity and so prejudicial to the
interests of the service. The remedy should be sharp and summary.
In making this suggestion I would not forget tibe great and signal
benefits which the Government has derived during the late war ^m
the use of the railroad lines built up by private enterprise; but it is
held that nothing can justify such wanton and heartless abuses.
13. Exodus from the State — Passes, — Some effective means should
be provided to prevent the exodus from the country of persons liable
to enrollment and draft. Many thousands of such persons left this
State for the remote Western Territories, California, Oregon, <fec., on
the eve of the late drafts, leaving their places to be filled by others,
and thus adding to the burdens of those who remained at home. I
am aware of the popular irritation caused by a general system of
passes, but it is not seen in what other way the interests of the serv-
ice and the rights of those who will not sneak out of the country to
avoid their just share of military obligation can be adequately pro-
tected. The Provost-Marshal-General \b assured that the evU had
become in this State one of very serious magnitude, and it is there-
fore recommended that, should a draft be hereafter necessary, some
system of passes should be adopted that would effectually check the
wholesale withdrawal of the arms-bearing population from their
resx>ective States and localities. Should the suggestions elsewhere
made in this report, relative to the manner of future enrollments, be
carried into effect the necessary duration of the restraint of the pass
system would be greatly lessened and its inconveniences be propor-
tionally diminished.
CONCLUSION.
In closing this report I would refer with a high sense of obligation
to the prompt assistance and generous confidence which have ever
been extended to me by the Provost-Marshal-Creneral, and to the
uniform courtesy and co-operation of the officers of his Bureau, as
well as those of the other branches of the War Department with
which I have been in official relations. I believe it due to truth to
say that the complicated affairs of the Provost-Marshal-General's
Department, with its vast theater of operations, its wilderness of
details, its gigantic system of agencies and co-ox)erative machinery,
and its immense and i)erilous responsibilities, have been conducted
with signal ability. The difficulties which have environed the head
of the Bureau in the inauguration and successful prosecution of a
military measure of such stupendous magnitude, and one hitherto
untried in the history of the Government, can only be appreciated by
those who have had some practical acquaintance with the subject.
It is my pleasant duty also to refer to the diligence, patriotic fidelity,
and marked ability with which most of the provost-marshals in my
jurisdiction have performed their imi)ortant and perplexing duties.
Their responsibilities have often been of a very grave character, call-
ing for the exercise of high qualities of prudence, nerve, and tact.
They have usually met every emergency with commendable sagacity
and skill, and acquitted themselves in a manner alike honorable to
842 COURE8PONDENCB, ETC.
the state of which they are citizens and beneficial to the interests of
the Government.
I may particularly mention Oapts. William James, of the First
District; A. B. Ck)on, of the Second; John V. Easta^e, of the Third;
James Woodruff and his successors, of the Fourth; Isaac Keys, of the
Eighth; William M. Fry, of the Tenth; John C. Scott, of the Eleventh,
and William H. Collins, of the Twelfth, all of whom have shown
themselves eminently capable and efficient, and displayed marked
administrative and executive abilities as officers.
It is to be hoped that the great lessons of this war will not be lost
upon the country. Aside from its glorious termination, the rich
exx)erienoes and teachings which it has left as a legacy to us and our
children are not few or small. It has accustomed our x>eople to the
disabilities and hardships incident to a state of war. It has demon-
strated to the world the invincible power of citizen soldiery in a just
cause, and how soon they may acquire the discipline and steadiness
of veterans. It has especially taught us how to raise, arm, equip,
muster, organize, drill, and employ great armies. And if these
lessons are wisely improved the Nation would embark in another war,
whether foreign or domestic, with incomparably greater advantages
for its successful prosecution than were possessed at the commence-
ment of the late rebellion.
I am sensible of the imperfections of this report. It has been
impossible to speak of many subjects worthy of notice without
extending the paper to an unwarrantable length, and equally so to
do full justice even to those matters which I have treated of. I have
only aimed to advert briefly to such considerations as seemed to be
of greatest practical interest, and to have a more important bearing
ui)on the efficiency of the Bureau of the Provost-Marshal-GJeneral
should operations ever be resumed.
Trusting that it may be regarded as at least partially resx>onsive to
the tenor of the letter in obedience to which it has been prepared,
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JAMES OAKES,
Bvt Brig. Oen,, U. 8. A,, Adg. Asst. Prov. Mar. Oen.^ lUinais.
lAst of schedules.*
1. List of clerks.
2. List of officers.
3. Number and amount of claims recorded.
4. Statement of expenses.
5. Service rendered by enrolling officers.
6. Deserters arrested.
7. Sample of book of credits, L.
8. Sample of book of accounts with sub-districts.
9. Sample of book of credits, M.
10. Table showing number of sub-districts.
11. Table of district quotas.
12. Table of district credits.
13. Comparative view of quotas and credits, deficits, and surpluses.
14. Boards of enrollment.
15. Dates of enrollment and revisions.
16. Result of the several enrollments and revisions.
17. Net proceeds of each draft, by districts.
•All omitted. See explanatory foot-note (♦), p. 687.
UNION AUTHORrriBa 843
18. Statement of results of draft.
19. Statistics of the draft.
20. Statement of persons arrested, not deserters.
21. Statement of expenses of districts.
DOOXTXBNT No. 12.
Historical report of the operations of the office of the provost-marshal
of the Fourth Congressional District of Maryland^ from the date of
lis commencement of business.
Office of Pbovost-Marshal, Fourth Dist. Maryland,
Frederick, August 20, 1865,
Brig. Oen. James B. Fry,
Provost-Marshal- Oeneral, Washington, D, C:
General: I have the honor, in obedience to instructions from the
acting assistant provost-marshal-general for Maryland and Delaware,
dated April 29, 1865, directing this office to prepare and submit
through that office to the Provost-Marshal-General a complete his-
tory of the ox)erations of this office since it commenced business, to
submit the following history, to wit:
provost-marshal.
Pursuant to the act of Ck)ngress approved March 3, 1863, ''for
enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes,"
James Smith, of Cumberland, Alleghany County, Md. , a lawyer by pro-
fession, was appointed by the President provost-marshal of the Fourth
Congressional District of Maryland, to date from May 16, 1863, with
the rank of captain of cavalry.
Capt. James Smith having been susjiended by order of the Provost-
Marshal-General, Capt. Jonathan W. Barley, Veteran Reserve Corps,
inspector at the office of the acting provost-marshal-general of the
State, was assigned to duty as acting provost-marshal, by Sx)ecial
Orders, No. 66, dated Office of the Acting Assistant Provost-Marshal-
General for Maryland and Delaware, August 20, 1864, and entered
upon duty August 22, 1864.
Capt. James Smith having been discharged, Henry Clay Naill, of
Sam's Creek, Frederick County, Md., a surveyor by profession, was
appointed by the President to succeed him as provost-marshal Sep-
tember 12, 1864, and having duly qualified, pursuant to Special
Orders, No. 77, dated Office of the Acting Assistant Provost-Marshal-
General for Maryland and Delaware, Baltimore, Md., September 20,
1864, entered upon the discharge of his duties September 21, 1864.
The provost-marshal conducted all of the correspondence of the
office, examined all deserters who were apprehended and brought
before him, and heard and determined all claims as to prox)erty seized
in the hands of unauthorized x>ersons and delivered at his head-
quarters, and directed the general business of the office.
COMiaSSIONBR OF ENROLLMENT.
John J. Thomas, of Hancock, Washington County, Md., a merchant
by occupation, was appointed by the President commissioner of the
Board of Enrollment of the Fourth Congressional District of Mary-
laud May 16, 1863, and, having taken the oath of office, eutei'ed upon
duty May 26, 1863.
844 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
The duties of the commissioner were to snx)erintend the enroUment
and keep the lists corrected, and prepare all reports appertaining
thereto, and also to attend the sessions of the Boani of Enrollment.
Recruiting and drafting having been suspended April 14, 1865, and
there being no further need of his services, he was honorably dis-
charged the service April 30, 1865.
SURGEON OF THE BOARD OF ENROLLMENT.
Charles J. Baer, M. D., of Middletown, Frederick County, Md., was
apiwinted by the President surgeon of the Board of Enrollment of the
Fourth Congressional District of Maryland May 16, 1863, and having
qualified, entered upon duty May 24, 1863.
The duties of the surgeon of the Board were to make the medical
examinations of draft^ men, substitutes, and recruits, to keep a
record of the result of the examinations, and report the same to the
Provost-Marshal-Gfeneral, and to attend the sessions of the Board of
Enrollment.
Drafting and recruiting having been discontinued, and there being
no further need of his services, he was honorably discharged the
service June 15, 1865.
ESTABLISHMENT OF HEADQUARTERS.
By direction of the Provost-Marshal-General, the provost-marshal
established his headquarters at Frederick City, Md., June 1, 1863.
The provost-marshal found it very difficult to lease a building suit-
able for the transaction of the business of his office. This was attrib-
utable to the fact that proi>erty holders were apprehensive that any
building occupied by an officer of the Government for Government
purposes would, in the event of an invasion of Maryland by the Con-
federate army, be more liable to be destroyed by the enemy. The
provost-marshal succeeded, however, in procuring such accommoda-
tions as enabled him to proceed with the business of his office.
The business of the office as it continued greatly increased, and the
provost-marshal found the accommodations at his headquarters totally
inadequate for the transaction of the public business, and he accord-
ingly procured another building at the earliest day possible, which
was fitted up in such apartments as were adapted to the prompt trans-
action of business, which was found to be advantageous to the service.
It is the opinion of this office that three rooms do not afford suffi-
cient accommodations for the successful transaction of the business
of a provost-marshal, and I would respectfully state that the experience
of this office convinces me that the duties of the provost-marshal and
the Boaurd of Enrollment cannot be satisfactorily performed with less
than five rooms; and I would further state that a building with five
rooms can be leased with very little additional expense.
The provost-marshal should have a medium-siased room, and it is
highly imiwrtant that the Board of Enrollment should have a laige
and well-lighted room for the examination of recruits, substitutes,
and drafted men. There should be one large room for the clerical
force of the office, and a room in which to keep clothing, so assorted
that the proper-sized articles may be promptly selected when needed
for uniforming men. There should also be a room for the reception
and accommodation of the people who are seeking admission to the
pi*ovost-marshal or the Board of Enrollment. This is found idmost
indispensable in inclement weather and in the winter season.
UNION AUTHORITIEB. 846
NOnCE CONYBNINO THB BOASD OF ENBOLLMBNT.
The provost-marBhal having established his headquarters, notified
the commissioner of enrollment and the surgeon of the Board that the
Board of Enrollment would convene for the transaction of business
on the 10th day of June, 1863, and hold a session each day thereafter,
except Sundays.
BOABD OF BNBOLUiBNT.
The Board of Enrollment was eomiwsed of the provost-marshal,
who was president, the commissioner, and the surgeon.
The provost-marshal designated one of his clerks as recorder of the
Board of Enrollment.
The Board of Enrollment held a session every day, except Sunday,
and usually convened at 9 a. m., and continued in session until all of
the business before it was transacted.
When recruiting was active, or a draft in progress, the Board sat
without reference to hours. All recruits and drafted men were
examined in the presence of the Board.
TEBRITOBY BICBRACED IN THB FOURTH CONQBESSIONAL DISTRICT OF
MARYLAND.
The Fourth Congressional District of Maryland is composed of that
portion of Western Maryland embracing Alleghany, Washington,
Frederick, and Carroll Counties.
Pursuant to instructions from the acting assistant provost-marshal-
general of the State, dated December 21, 1863, the Congressional dis-
trict was resubdivided by the Board of Enrollment into fifty-nine
sub-districts, each election district constituting a sub-district.
APPOINTMENT OF ENROLLING OFFICERS.
The Board of Enrollment having subdivided the Congressional dis-
trict into sub-districts, one enrolling officer was appointed for each
sub-district.
The enrolling officers having received their appointments, subscribed
to the oath of office prescribed in Circular 24, Provost-Marshal-Gen-
eral's Bureau, series of 1863, before a justice. of the peace of the county
in which they resided, to which oath was attached a 5-cent stamp, and
the oath in each case forwarded to the Provost-Marshal-General.
The names of the enrolling officers were borne upon the monthly
report of i>ersons employed and articles hired; and they were paid at
the rate of $3 per day on duplicate vouchers (Form 19), by the Pro-
vost-Marshal-General's Bureau, for the time actually employed.
Great difficulty was encountered in procuring the services of men
who were competent to make the enrollment correctly, and much delay
was occasioned thereby.
ENROLLMENT.
The Board of Enrollment having subdivided the Congressional dis-
trict into forty sub-districts, and appointed an enrolling officer for
each, who had duly qualified, the enrolling officers were furnished
with the proper blanks (Forms 35 and 36), and proceeded to enroll all
846 CORRESPONDBNGS, ETC.
able-bodied male citizens of the United States, and rsBidents of for-
eign birth who had declared on oath their intention to become citizens,
between the age of twenty and forty-five years, as follows:
First doss. — ^The first class embraced all x>er8ons between the ages
of twenty and thirty-five years, and all unmarried jiersons above the
age of thirty-five and under forty-five years. This class was enrolled
on Schedule I, Class I, Form 35.
Second doss, — ^The second class included all married persons
between the ages of thirty-five and forty-five years. This class was
enrolled on Schedule II, Class II, Form 36.
The number enrolled in ClasB I 12,890
The nomber enrolled in Glass II 6, 451
Total 19,110
The number of men enrolled in Classes I and II who were in the
military service of the United States March 3, 1863, was 2,559.
This enrollment was commenced July 20, and completed October 5,
1863.
An additional enrollment was made in March and April, 1864, in
pursuance of sections 6 and 24 of the act approved February 24, 1864,
amendatory to the act of March 3, 1863.
This enrollment embraced all men whose names had been omitted
by the enrolling officers; all persons who had arrived at the age of
twenty years before the draft; all aliens who had declared their
intention, on oath, to become citizens; all x>6rson8 discharged from
the military or naval service of the United States who had not been
in such service two years during the present war, and all persons
who had been exempted under the second section of the act approved
March 3, 1863, but who were not exempted by the provision of the
act approved February 24, 1864; also all colored persons held to
service (slaves) who were liable to military duty.
The latter class was enrolled in accordance with instructions con-
tained in Circular No. 8, Provost-Marshal-General's Bureau, series of
1864.
The number of colored x>^r8on8 held to service, enrolled, was 571.
CONSOLIDATION OF THE ENROLLMENT.
The names of all persons enrolled in Classes I and 11 (Forms 35 and
36) were transferred in alphabetical order from the partial lists to
the consolidated lists, except such as were in the military or naval
service of the United States March 3, 1863.
Those of Class I were consolidated on Schedule I (Form 37); those
in Class II, on Schedule II (Form 38), and those who were in the
military service of the United States on the 3d of March, 1863, were
borne on the consolidated enrollment lists in a class by themselves:
The nnmber consolidated in Class 1 11,400
The number consolidated in Class n 5,151
The number consolidated who were in the service March 8, 1863 8,569
Total 19,110
The consolidated enrollment lists were forwarded to the Provost-
Marshal-G^neral as soon as they were completed, and the partial lists
were retained by the district provost-marshal.
The names of all persons who were enrolled under the provisions
of section 6 of the act approved February 24, 1864, were reported to
UNION AUTHORITIES. 847
the Provost-Marshal-General upon sheets of consolidated enrollment
lists at the end of each month for the purpose of correcting the lists
on file. (See Circular, Nos. 24 and 39, series of 1864.)
The enrollment of colored persons held to service, made pursuant
to section 24 of the act approved February 24, 1864, was not consoli-
dated, but a list with a recapitulation of the number enrolled was
made for each sub-district and forwarded to the acting assistant
Srovost-marshal-general of the State for transmission to the Provost-
[arshal-General.
Copies of these lists were retained by the district provost-marshaL
CARDS BBARINO THB NAMES OF ENROLLED MEN.
The consolidation of the enrollment having been completed, the
provost-marshal caused the names of each person enrolled to be
written on cards of uniform size, shape, and color.
These cards were then assorted by sub-districts, verified by com-
parison with the enrollment lists, numbered and placed in an envelope
marked with the number of the sub-district and the number of cards
contained in it and sealed.
After all the sub-districts had been thus prepared the envelopes
were put into one, which was sealed up and put away until the day
of the draft.
REVISION OF THE ENROLLMENT.
In compliance with Circular No. 101, Provost-Marshal-GeneraPs
Office, series of 1863, the Board of Enrollment had printed lists of
the names of all persons enrolled in Class I posted in five or more
places in each sub-district, and gave notice as required by said
circular, and proceeded to examine the claims of all persons who
applied to be stricken from the enrollment lists on account of alien-
age, non-residence, unsuitableness of age, and permanent physical
disability.
These examinations were continued until December 20, 1863, after
which time no cases were to be heard; but as there were many appli-
cants whose claims had not been considered, the time for hearing such
cases was extended to January 5, 1864, by direction of the Provost-
Marshal-Gtoneral, and the examinations were accordingly continued
until that period.
The number borne on the enrollment lists was considerably reduced
by this process; but as my predecessor kept no record of the number
examined and the number exempted, except those exempted for
manifest permanent physical disability, I am unable to give the result
of these examinations.
The number stricken from the lists for manifest permanent physical
disability was 322.
Instructions were received in May, 1864, to make further corrections
of the enrollment lists by striking therefrom the names of such
persons as were not liable to military duty, and adding thereto the
names of such as were, who had not been enrolled.
To effect this the commissioner of enrollment and an assistant
surgeon of the U. S. Army, detailed by the acting assistant provost-
marshal-general of the State, proceeded to Westminster, the county
seat of Carroll County, Md., to hear the claims of persons enrolled in
said county to be stricken from the enrollment lists; and the provost-
marshal and surgeon of the Board heard applications of the other
counties of the district at the district headquarters.
848 COBRE8PONDENCB, ETC.
The examinations under said instructions were closed June 29, 1864.
The number stricken from the enrollment lists during this period
was 1,206.
Circular No. 24, dated War Department, Provost-Marshal-General's
Office, Washington, D. C, June 25, 1864, having been received early
in the month of July, 1864, inviting the attention of boards of enroll-
ment to section 6 of the act approved February 24, 1864, and calling
attention to paragraphs 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, and 62, Revised
Regulations for the Bureau of the Provost-Marshal-General, and
making the correction of the enrollment lists a continuous duty to
which the labors of the Board of Enrollment must be directed, the
Board, in compliance with said circular, had copies of the enrollment
lists open to the examination of the public, and gave public notice
that any x)erson enrolled might appear before the Board and claim to
have a name stricken from the list if he could show to the satisfaction
of the Board that the person named was not properly enrolled on
account of, first, alienage; second, non-residence; thud, over age;
fourth, permanent physical disability, ^c.
Civil officers, clergymen, and all other prominent citizens were
invited to give the Board their co-operation in the correction and
revision of the enrollment lists.
The Board devoted all the time that could be spared from other
less pressing duties to hearing and acting ui)on claims for exemption.
The draft under the call of July 18, 1864, being in progress, very
little was accomplished by this effort to correct the enrollment.
Attention was again called to the necessity of correcting the enroll-
ment lists in every sub-district in the district bv Circular No. 39,
dated War Department, Provost-Marshal-General s Office, Washing-
ton, D. C, November 15, 1864; and while the Board was responsible
as a body for the enrollment, the commissioner of the Board was
required by this circular to give his particular attention to the cor-
rection, revision, and preservation of the lists, and to the preparation
of all reports and returns in regard to them, and to promptly forward
to the Ptovost-Marshal-General's Office monthly reports of the correc-
tions made in the enrollment.
Circular No. 39, series of 1864, is a reproduction and revision of
Circular No. 24 of the same series.
The importance of correcting the enrollment lists had at that time
become apparent to every one, and it was the interest, both of the
United States and of the citizens, that all who were liable to military
duty should be enrolled, and all who were unfit for duty should be
stricken off. A universal interest in this matter prevailed in the dis-
trict, and immediate steps were taken to i)erfect the enrollment lists.
By direction of the acting provost-marshal-general of the State,
dated November 21, 1864, a copy of the enrollment lists of each sub-
district was made and placed in the hands of a committee composed
of the most worthy and reliable citizens in each of the several sub-
districts, and public notice given in the newspapers published in the
several counties comprising the Congressional district, notifying the
citizens that a deputy provost-marshal be sent to each county to
confer with them as to the most practicable mode of correcting the
enrollment lists, and furnish them with full information in the
premises.
Alleghany County being remote from the district headquarters, it
was deemed advisable to send the assistant surgeon of the Board
with the deputy provost-marshal of said county to the several sub-
districts thereof, with instructions to examine persons claiming to be
XnaON AUTHORITIES. 849
stricken from the enrollment on account of physical disability and
all other causes, and notice was accordingly given that they would
attend at certain places on certain days to examine the claims of all
persons applying to be stricken from the enrollment lists.
By this means Alleghany County was thoroughly canvassed.
The deputy provost-marshal of Washington County operated among
the committees constituted as aforesaid in said county, and where
claims were made on account of physical disability they were referred
to the Board of Enrollment for their examination.
The deputy provost-marshal of Carroll County oi)erated in a similar
manner in said county, and the Board had immediate supervision of
Frederick County, as the district headquarters was in said county.
When the various committees had completed the revision of the
enrollment in the several sub-districts they reported their result in
writing, under oath duly attested before a justice of the i)eace,tothe
Board of Enrollment, and the Board, in the presence of the deputy
provost-marshal of the county and the respective committees, care-
fully examined and decided upon each case reported in the respective
sub-districts.
This mode of correcting the enrollment was found to be effective,
and if conducted with proper care and scrutiny by the Board of
Enrollment I can see no objection to it.
ASSIGNMENT OF QUOTAS.
The following is a tabular statement of the quotas assigned to the
Fourth Congressional District of Maryland under the several calls
for which drafts were made in said district, viz:
The qnota under the call of Haroh 14, 1864, and deficiencies nnder former
ckUa 1,578
The quota under the call of July 18, 1864 3,068
The quota under the call of December 19, 1864 1,750
RBCON8TRUCTION OP THE QUOTAS.
The quota under the call of July 18, 1864, as originally announced
by the acting assistant provost-marshal-general of the State, on the
26th day of July, 1864 (2,069 men), was reduced to 1,843 men by
reconstruction of said quota, based upon the corrected enrollment as
reported August 31, 1864.
THE MODE OF MAKING THE DRAFT.
The quota under the call for which a draft was to be made having
been ascertained and announced, the provost-marshal gave public
notice in the newspapers that a draft would be made on a certain
day, and notified the Governor of the Stat-e, by telegraph and by
mail, that a draft would be made, giving the day, the hour, and the
place, and requesting him to acknowledge the receipt thereof by
telegraph and by mail.
He also invited all prominent military and civil officers on duty in
the vicinity, and some of the most prominent citizens, to be present
to witness the drawing.
On the day of the draft the Board of Enrollment opened the
envelopes containing the packages of tickets of the several sub-
districts in the presence of those in attendance, and opened t^e
envelope containing the cards of the first sub-district.
54 R R--SBRIES III, VOL V
850 C0RBE8PONDEN0E, ETC.
These cards were counted as they were placed in the box, for the
purpose of ascertaining whether they agreed with the number written
on the envelope.
This having been done, the commissioner announced that the draft
for the first sub-district for so many men would commence.
A trusty person was selected by the provost-marshal and blind-
folded, and drew from the box a single card, which he handed to the
commissioner, who read aloud the name on it.
The clerk immediately entered the name drawn on a list previously
prepared, opposite No. 1.
Thus the draft was continued until the required number of names
was drawn, when the cards remaining in the box were taken out and
counted, so as to verify the whole number originally put in.
Great care was taken to enter the names on the roll exactly in the
order in which they were drawn.
The remaining sub-districts were proceeded with in like manner.
DRAFTS UNDER VARIOUS CALLS.
Draft under the caU of March Uy 1864. — The quota of the Fourth
Congressional District of Maryland, after deducting all credits for
enlistments up to May 10, 1864, under the call of March 14, 1854,
and deficiencies under former calls, being 1,463 men, the acting
assistant provost-marshal-general of the State directed, by a commu-
nication dated May 16, 1864, that a draft for that number of men be
made on the 19th day of May, 1864.
This number (1,463) was assigned to the several sub-districts in the
Congressional district in proportion to the number enrolled therein,
allowing all additional credits that may have accrued to the sub-
districts entitled to them.
The arrangements having been completed, a draft was made, in
compliance with the instructions of the acting assistant provost-
marshal-general of the State, May 19, 1864, for 1,362 men, that num-
ber being the deficiency remaining to be raised under said call, and
the drawing was continued from day to day until the 28th instant,
when the whole number had been drawn.
The number obtained from this drawing not being sufElcient to fill
the quota, a second drawing was made June 23, 24, and 25, 1864, for
632 men.
The number obtained from the 632 men drafted in the second
drawing still being insufficient to fill the quota, a third drawing was
made July 29 and 30, 1864, and August 5 and 6, 1864, for the remain-
ing deficiency, which was 294 men and 100 per cent, in addition.
The quota was not entirely filled in some of the sub-districts from
this draft, but no additional drawing was made.
Draft under the call of July 18, 1864. — The quota under the call
of July 18, 1864, was 1,843 men, which number was distributed
among the several sub-districts in proportion to the number enrolled
in each.
Orders having been received from the acting assistant provost-
marshal-general of the State, under date of September 13, 1864, to
draft for the deficiency under the call of July 18, 1864, commencing
with the deficient sub-districts, where there was the least volunteer-
ing, a draft was made September 19, 20, and 21, 1864, for 472 men
and 100 per cent, in addition, to fill the quotas in said sub-districts.
UHIOV AUTHOBITIE8. 851
Not having obtained a sufficient number of men to fill the quota
by said drawing, a neoond drawing was made Deoember 7 and 16,
1864, for 159 men and 100 per cent, additional
The number obtained from this drawing still being insufficient to
fill the quotas, a third drawing was made Januaiy 23, 1865, for forly-
one men and 100 per cent, in addition, to fill the quota of the remain-
ing deficient sub-districts.
It having become apparent that sub-district No. 41 (Hauvers) could
not fill its quota by recruiting, a draft was also made in said sub-
district for five men and 100 per cent, additional.
The quota under this call having been furnished by most of the
sub-districts by recruiting and otherwise, no additional drawing was
made.
Drafl tmder cdU of December 19, 186J^ — ^The quota under the call
of December 19, 1864, as announced by the acting assistant provost-
marshal-general of the State January 25, 1865, was 1,750 men.
This number was assigned to the several sub-districts of the Con-
gressional district in proportion to the number of persons enrolled in
each.
Great activity was displaced in recruiting for this call, and the
quotas of most of the sub-districts were rapidly filled.
A draft was made, however, on the 5th and 6th of April, 1865, in
those of the deficient sub-districts where little or no effort had been
made to fill the quotas, for 355 men and 100 i^t cent, in addition.
While the examination of these men was progressing an order was
received from the acting assistant provost-marshal-general of the
State, dated April 14, 1865, susx)ending recruiting and drafting, and
all examinations were immediately suspended.
KOmnCATION OF DRAFTED MEN.
Previous to the day of draft a sufficient number of blank notices
were filled up as far as possible.
As soon as the drawing commenced a clerk designated for the pur-
pose inserted the names of the drafted men in the proper place in the
notice.
As soon as the drawing was completed the Board of Enrollment
determined upon the time for drafted men to report, care being taken
to notify ];)er8ons drafted in such manner that the drafted men would
be required to report for examination in squads of manageable size
and at successive convenient periods, so as to avoid the confusion
incident to too great a number reporting on the same day.
It was found exx)edient to require 120 men to report each day. Of
this number from 50 to 75 would usually report, wnich was about as
many men as could be examined with proi)er care.
To avoid embarrassment it was necessary to notify those drawn in
the quota to report considerably in advance of those drawn in the x>er
centum, in order to allow time to look up the delinquents in the
quota, and thereby protect those drawn in the per cent, from being
improperly held to service, it being the intention of the Bureau to
hold drafted men in the order in which they were drawn.
As soon as the notices for drafted men were prepared and signed
they were placed in the hands of the deputy provost-marshals of the
respective counties, who were made responsible for their prompt
delivery to the proper enrolling officers, and they were also required
to see that they were served on the proper parties without delay.
862 00BBE8P0NDEN0E, ETC.
All persoiiB serving notices were required to reiK>rt the names of
the persons notified, the day on which the notices were served, and
the place where served, and whether delivered to the party or left at
his last place of residence; and if drafted men were absent, where
they conld probably be found, together with any additional informa-
tion that might be useful in enforcing the draft.
It was also made the duty of deputies, special agents, detectives,
and enrolling officers to see that drafted men reported promptly on
the day stated in their notices, and if they failed to do so to arrest
them and deliver them to the provost-marshal.
It was also enjoined on all good citizens to aid these ofElcers in the
{performance of this duty.
THE MANNER OF BBOEIVING ANB EXAHININa DRAFTED KEN.
When the drafted men reported their names were registered in a
book for the purpose in the order in which they presented themselves,
and they were received in a private room in squads of three men at
a time and stripped, and the first man on the list was admitted to the
examining room, where the Board of Enrollment was in session.
The man to be examined was asked his name, age, where he resided,
in what sub-district he had been drafted, and whether he made any
claim to exemption.
If he made a claim which did not require an examination as to his
physical or mental condition, the provost-marshal proceeded to inves-
tigate the nature of the claim; and having heard the statement of the
claimant, and taken the proof, if any was offered, he submitted the
case to the Board for its action.
If it was a case requiring a physical examination, the man was
examined by the surgeon in the presence of the other members of the
Board, and the result of the examination was reported by the surgeon
with his views, and the Board made a decision.
If the man was granted an exemption by the Board, a record of the
examination and action of the Board was made and the proper
papers furnished to the man.
If held to service, he was asked whether he desired to furnish a
substitute; and if so, what extension of time he wished.
If he elected to furnish a substitute and desired an extension of
time, he was granted a few days if he was known to be a reliable
man, or had reliable men to vouch for him; otherwise he was uni-
formed and sent to rendezvous, and was allowed to furnish a substi-
tute at any time before being sent from the general rendezvous.
The examination of drafted men was conducted with great care, as
the Board of Enrollment was constantly exposed to impositions
attempted to be practiced by drafted men who would feign diseases
and disqualifications when none existed.
The Board strived, on the other hand, to avoid doing injustice to
those who, from inexperience and total ignorance of business, were
unable to present their cases with faithfulness to themselves, and
who, although they may have had a good claim to exemption,
were ignorant of it, and were often disposed from a false delicacy to
waive an examination.
It was the practice of the Board to examine every man and deter-
mine for themselves his fitness or unfitness for military duty, thereby
avoiding complaints and applications for redress by diafted men who
might afterward conceive the impression that if they had been exam-
ined they would have been exempted.
UNION AUTHOBITIS8. 853
It is the opinion of this office that drafted men should not be
allowed to waive an examination.
THE MANNER OF BISPOSINO OF DRAFTED MEN.
When drafted men were held by the Board and elected to render
I)er8onal service, their descriptive rolls were made out in triplicate,
as required by paragraph 73, Revised Regulations, and they were
uniformed and sent under guard to the rendezvous, where they were
comfortably quartered, subsisted, and guarded by the commandant
of the post until a sufficient number had accumulated to forward a
squad to the general rendezvous.
Where they offered substitutes and the substitutes were accepted
the record in their cases was completed, and they were furnished with
the proper certificate of exemption and released.
THE MANNER OF FORWARDINQ DRAFTED MEN.
When a sufficient number of drafted men had accumulated at the
rendezvous to justify' forwarding a squad to the general rendezvous
descriptive rolls were made out in duplicate for the party.
A sufficient guard was detailed to take charge of the men and con-
duct them to general rendezvous and deliver them to the commandant
thereof with the rolls, one copy of which was retained by him and the
other returned with a receipt for the party as delivered to him on
the back.
The returned copy was forwarded to the Provoet-Marshal-Oeneral's
Office at the end of each month. (See paragraph 74, Revised
Regulations.)
DETAILS OF THE OPERATION OF SUBSTITUTION.
Enrolled and drafted men were authorized by law to furnish sub-
stitutes.
Enrolled men were allowed to furnish prior to draft substitutes
not liable to draft nor at the time in the military or naval service of
the United States. (See section 4, act approved February 24, 1864.)
Drafted men could, before the time fixed for their appearance for
duty at the draft rendezvous, furnish acceptable substitutes under
the following rules and regulations, viz:
That if the substitute was not liable to draft the person who fur-
nished him was exempt during the time the substitute was not liable
to draft, not exceeding the time for which he was drafted; and if
such substitute was liable to draft the name of the i)erson furnishing
him was again placed on the rolls and he was liable to draft on future
calls, but not until the enrollment was exhausted, and his exemption
could not exceed the term for which he was drafted. (See section 5,
act approved February 24, 1864.)
When substitutes for enrolled or drafted men were presented to the
Board of Enrollment the provost-marshal put the substitute on oath
and gave him a careful examination as to whether there was any
impediment to his entering the military service, and if no objection
was found to exist he was stripped and examined as to his suitable-
ness in every respect for the military service, which was determined
by the enrolling Board in the manner prescribed for examining
recruits.
854 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
If the substitute proved to be acceptable he was then enlisted into
the service of the United States, and the Board gave the person who
furnished the substitute a certificate of exemption. (See paragraphs
96, 97, 98, and 99, Revised Regulations Provost-Marshal-General's
Bureau, and Circular No. 33, series of 1863.)
As soon as the substitute was enlisted the money received by him
was counted in his presence, put in an envelope, and sealed up, the
amount and the name of the substitute indorsed on the envelope, and
the amount also entered in the column of *' remarks*' on his descrip-
tive roll.
The money was kept by the provost-marshal until the substitute
was forwarded to the general rendezvous, when he put it into the
hands of the officer in charge of the squad, who delivered the money
with the men to the commandant of the general rendezvous and took
his receipt for the same.
Section 16 of the act approved March 3, 1865, provided that per-
sons who were drafted for one year and who furnished substitutes for
three years were exempt from military duty during the time for
which such substitutes were not liable to draft, not exceeding the time
for which such substitutes were mustered into the service, anything
in the act of February 24, 1864, to the contrary notwithstanding.
Substitutes were forwarded to the general rendezvous in the same
manner as drafted men.
RECRUITING ASSOCIATIONS.
Section 23, act approved March 3, 1865, provided that any person
or persons enrolled in any sub-district could, after a notice of a draft
and before the same had taken place, cause to be mustered into the
service of the United States such number of recruits not subject to
draft as they deemed expedient, which recruits stood to the credit
of the persons thus causing them to be mustered in and were taken
as substitutes for such persons or so many of them as were drafted
to the extent of the number of such recruits and in the order desig-
nated by the principals at the time such recruits were Uius, as afore-
said, mustered in.
When the number of recruits furnished by the association exceeded
the number of men drafted from such association the excess, though
credited to the sub-districts, created no claim for the exemption of
any x>erson whomsoever.
Members of these associations who were drafted and secured exemp-
tion under the twenty-third section aforesaid were exempt from that
draft, but were liable to be drafted on future calls.
Recruits furnished by associations and taken as substitutes for
drafted men who were members of the association were credited at
the time of muster in to the sub-district to which the association
belonged.
The recruits presented by said associations were received, exam-
ined, and disposed of as volunteers.
REPRBSBNTATTVB RECRUITS.
Representative recruits were received and enlisted in aooordanoe
with Circular No. 25, Provost-Marshal-General's Office, series of 1864,
and were disposed of as substitutes.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 855
VOLUNTBBRING— THE MANNER OF PROCURINQ RECRUITS.
Various means were resorted to when the different calls were
announced to encoarage reci*uiting. Large posters, setting forth the
inducements offere<l to enter the service, were displayed throughout
the district, and patriotic appeals were made through the columns of
the newspapei-s.
I^ttei-s were written to prominent citissens urging them to give the
matter their attention.
Deputies and special agents were sent among the people to exhort
them to renewed efforts. But tlie most effective mode of recruiting
was the announcement of the call for troops and the assignment of
the quotas to the respective sub-districts, followed with a notice that
unless the quota was raised by volunteering a draft would be made.
This being done, in most instances draft committees were formed in
each of the sub-districts, a local bounty offered, and the business of
furnishing substitutes prior to draft and procuring i*eeruits to the
credit of the respective sub-districts was pushed forward with spirit
and energy for the purpose of filling the quotas of the sub-districts so
as to avoid the draft.
The experience of this office shows conclusively that bounties paid
in hand at the time the recruit entered the service 0];)erat>ed as the
greatest stimulant to volunteering. But I would here state that it is
all important to the service that men should be restrained from
deserting by making bounties payable in installments, one install-
ment payable at the termination of the term of service.
The premium of $25 and $15 paid to any person who would present
an acceptable recruit, which was authorized by circular letter dated
War Department, Adjutant-General's Office, October 24, 1863, was,
in my judgment, a judicious arrangement.
These premiums afforded to persons a fair compensation for serv-
ices rendered, and energetic men were induced to engage in procuring
recruits.
I would respectfully state that in the spring of 1864 recruiting was
successfully prosecuted in this district by this means.
It has also been found advantageous to recruiting to send i*ecruit-
ing parties into the district when a draft is pending.
These paities formed a nucleus, and by the co-operation of those
who were liable to draft they were enabled to recruit successfully.
THE MANNER OF EXAMINING RECRUITS.
The Board of Enrollment was guided in the examination of recruits
by the regulations for the recruiting service.
It was found necessaiy, however, from circumstances developed by
the progress of the war to exercise the greatest amount of caution and
throw every safeguard it was possible around this branch of the serv-
ice in order to prevent improper and fraudulent enlistments.
To this end it was the practice of the Board of Enrollment when
the recruit was presented to put him on oath and subject him to a
close examination, with the view of learning his histoiy before having
him stripped for a medical examination.
If the man proved to be acceptable in all other respects, he was
then stripped, and the examining surgeon gave him a most cai*eful
m^ical examination, in the presence of the Board of Eni-ollment only,
in the daytime, in a large and well-lighted room, where he was required
866 COBBESPOKDBNCE, ETC.
to walk about and exercise his limbs briskly. If he was rejected by
the surgeon as physically unfit for service, his descriptive list was
taken, and any prominent marks on his person were noted, together
with any information that might be useful in making up the medical
statistics of examinations.
If the man was found to be suitable for the military service, his
descriptive list was taken in a book for that purpose, and a full
and complete record of his examination was taken by the examin-
ing surgeon. The recruit was then sent into an adjoining room for
enlistment.
ENLISTING RECRUITS.
The recruit having been accepted, his enlistment papers were made
out in triplicate and properly signed, and he was duly enlisted into
the sei'vice of the United States, in accordance with the recruiting
regulations, and his enlistment pai>ers were disposed of as directed by
Circular No. 22, Provost-Marshal-Grenerars Oflftce, series of 1864.
A record book was kept of all enlistmentfi into the service of the
United States. (See Circular 22, Provost-Marshal-General's Office,
series of 1864.)
THE MANNER OF HUSTEBINQ VOLUNTEERS.
The recruits having been examined and duly enlisted, the provost-
marshal then explained to them the nature and duties of the service
and mustered them into the U. S. service in accordance with the mus-
tering regulations.
Muster and descriptive rolls were made out in quadruplicate and
disposed of as required by Circular No. 22, Provost-Marshal-General's
Office, series of 1864.
THE MANNER OF PROVIDING FOR VOLUNTEERS.
As soon as volunteers were mustered into the U. S. service they
were sent under guard to the rendezvous, where they were quartered
in a commodious building and subsisted and guarded by the comman-
dant of the post until a sufficient number had accumulated to forward
a detachment to the general rendezvous.
THE MANNER OF FORWARDING VOLUNTEERS.
When a sufficient number of i*ecruits had accumulated to justify
forwarding a squad, a muster and descriptive roll was made in dupli-
cate for the detachment and sent with the party to the general ren-
dezvous. One copy was retained by the commandant and the other
was receipted by him on the back for the number of men delivered
and returned. Volunteers were in all cases forwarded under guard.
Any money received by volunteers at the time they enlisted was
counted in their presence and placed in an envelope, and the amount
and the name of the recruit indorsed on the envelope.
The amount of money was also entered on the muster and descrip-
tive roll of the man in the column of remarks, and the money was
retained by the provost-marshal and sent to the general rendezvous
with the man by the officer in charge of the detachment, who turned
it over to the commanding officer and took his receipt.
Many of the volunteei*s who were raised in and credited to this dis-
trict were mustered into the service by the different assistant com-
missaries of musters who were at the time on duty within the district
UNION AUTHORITIES. 857
THB KANNER OF CREDITING VOLUNTBBRS.
ToltiBteers who were not liable to draft were credited to the local-
itj'^ to which they elected to give their credit. Persons who were lia-
ble to draft were credited to the locality in which they were enrolled.
The sub-district, town, connty. Congressional district, and State to
virhich they were credited were noted in the column of remarks on
tbeir muster and descriptive rolls. All credits for volunteers were
reported to the acting assistant provost-marshal-general of the State
every ten days.
THB MANNER OF ARRBSTINQ DESERTERS.
The importance of securing the arrest of all deserters and strag-
glers from the Army was so apparent that especial attention was given
to this branch of the service.
The deputy provost-marshals of the respective counties and the spe-
cial agents were required to give this part of their duties careful atten-
tion and see that deserters were not permitted to pass through the
district without being apprehended.
In order to provide against their escape it was found advisable to
authorize a large number of citizens to arrest deserters, whose remu-
neration was the $30 reward allowed for the apprehension and deliv-
ery of deserters.
The persons so authorized operated in various parts of the district,
under the supervision of the deputy provost-marshals, who were
required to see that all places through which deserters would likely
attempt to escape were diligently guarded, and that a sufficient force
was on hand to intercept them and insure their apprehension and
delivery to the proper officer.
Great care had to be exercised in the selection of persons of cour-
age, integrity, and energy to arrest deserters during the last year of
the war, as large bounties were paid to persons entering the Army,
and there was constant danger of deserters offering to the persons
authorized to arrest them a larger amount than the $30 paid for the
arrest of deserters; and it was found prudent and judicious to hold
those making arrests to a strict accountability for their conduct.
All persons who were delivered as deserters at this office received
a careful and fair examination as to their intention to abandon the
service, and when they alleged with any reasonable show of truth
that they could prove their innocence, the proper officers were com-
municated with and the merits of the case ascertained before final
action was taken.
When there was a reasonable doubt it was the practice of this office
to give the prisoner the benefit thereof and turn him over as a stnig-
gler, instead of a deserter, with proper explanatory remarks in the
column of remarks on the descriptive list forwarded with him.
Special care has been exercised not to oppress any soldier arrested
by extorting from him admissions which would criminate him, b>
inflicting punishment, or examining him with unreasonable severity.
It was of rare occurrence, however, that soldiers who were arrested
as deserters failed, upon examination, to give correct information as
to the company and regiment to which they belonged.
I could easily conceive the importance and necessity of announc-
ing the instructions relative to the examination of deserters, con-
tained in the communication dated Provost-Marshal-Generars BureaUi
January 26» 1866.
858 OOBBEBPONDENCBy ETC.
It is the opinion of this office that the reward of $30 allowed by
General Orders, No. 325, dated War Department, Adjntant-Generars
Office, Washington, D. C, September 28, 1863, is a fair remuneration
to the party making the arrest, and that a less amount would have
proved detrimental to the service.
All deserters delivered at this office were turned over, immediately
after their examination, to the commandant of the post, with dupli-
cate descriptive rolls, one of which was receipted by him and returned
to this office and forwarded, with the monthly report of deserters
arrested, to the Provost-Marshal-G^neral.
In every case where a soldier was arrested and brought to this
office as a deserter, and found upon examination to be such, duplicate
vouchers (Form 21) for the reward of $30 were made out in favor of
the person delivering the deserter, and that amount was in each case
charged upon the descriptive list forwarded with the deserter.
Since the organization of this office the following number of desert-
ers and stragglers have been apprehended and turned over to the
military authorities, viz:
Dewrters arrested 978
Stragglers arrested 55
Total 1,08$
I am convinced from experience and observation that the prompt
arrest of deserters, and their speedy return to their regiments, and
the stoppage of the $30 reward against their pay, had the most salu-
tary effect in restraining enlisted men from abandoning the service.
THE MANNER OF KEEPINQ RECORDS.
Record of deserters arrested.— A book was kept in which the
descriptions of sAl deserters received were entered, with such dates
and remarks as were proper to complete, as far as practicable, the
histories of the arrests and disposition made of the men.
Stragglers were arrested and disposed of and reported in the same
manner as deserters, but with proper explanatory remarks in each
case.
No reward was allowed for the arrest of stragglers.
Record of drafted men. — ^A book was kept in which an exact and
complete roll of persons drawn in the draft was entered.
This book was ruled and headed to correspond with the descriptive
roll of drafted men. (Form 33.)
The disposition which was made of drafted men was noted in this
book in the column of remarks, and as far as practicable their
military history completed.
Record of public property seized. — ^A book ruled with the following
headings was kept, in which to record all public property seized in
the hands of unauthorized persons, and turned into the Quartermas-
ter's Department by this office, viz:
Number or quantity, articles seized, when, where, from whom, by
whom, condition, estimated value, disposition, to whom turned over,
when, where, remarks.
Record of the enrollment. — ^The enrollment was consolidated on con-
solidated enrollment lists, by sub-districts alphabetically arranged,
and bound in volumes of suitable size for convenient reference.
Record of the proceedings of the Board of EnroUmenL — ^Af air record
of each day's proceedings of the Board of Enrollment was kept by
the recorder of the Board in a book for that purpose.
mnON AUTHOBITIBS.
859
Record ofJeifers sent. — A letter book was kept \n which all letters
sent were recorded and numbered in the order of their dates.
This book was kept in accordance witli instructions for officers of
the Adjutant-General's Department.
Record of letters received. — A book was kept in which a record of all
letters received was made, in accordance with the mode adopted by
the Adjutant-General's Office.
This book also contained reference to the indorsement book in all
cases where a record of indorsements was made in the indorsement
book, and was indexed.
Record of indorsements. — A book of indorsements and memoranda
was kept, in which all indorsements on communications referred to
this office and those made by this office were recorded.
Record of telegrams. — A book was kept in which all telegrams
received were recorded and numbered in the order of their dates.
Record of special orders. — ^A book in which all special orders issued
from this office were recorded was kept, in the usual form of preserving
such records.
The orders were recorded in the order of their number and date.
MEDICAL RECORDS.
Record of the examination of volunteers. — A book was kept by the
surgeon of the Board, in which a full record of the description of all
recruits who had been examined by the Board of Enrollment and the
result of such examinations were recorded, together with any addi-
tional information that mi^ht be useful to the Bureau.
Record of the examination of enrolled men. — A book was kept by
the surgeon of the Board, in which was recorded the description of the
enrolled men who applied to be stricken from the enrollment lists,
with the result of the examinations and the decision of the Board in
each case.
Record of the examination of drafted men. — A book was kept by the
surgeon of the Board, in which the oescription and result of the exami-
nation of drafted men were recorded in each case, care being taken in
all eases where the persons examined had been exempted to give the
particular section of paragraph 85, Revised Regulations Provost-
Marshal-General's Bureau, under which he was exempted.
Record of the examination of sitbstitiUes. — A book was kept by the
surgeon of the Board, in which the record of the description and
result of the examination of all substitutes was made, and if accepted
the name of the principals for whom they became substitutes.
TaXmiar statement of the examination of voltrnteera, enroUed men, drafted men^
and mwstitutes.
ClMSM.
.a a
El
831
2.IM3
2,654
704
82
1.829
1,042
143
7»
Knrolled nieu
1,114
Dralled men
1,612
Subntltutaa
001
Total
7,133
8,070
4 006
For further information on tliis subject attention is invited to the
medical reports of the surgeon of the Board of Enrollment.
860
COBREBPONDENCEy ETC.
MANNER OF KEEPING AND SETTLING ACCOUNTa.
The following mode of keeping and settling accounts has been
adopted as. best suited to the business of this office:
The accounts having been examined and ascertained to be a proper
charge against the United States, they were made out on the proper
blank forms furnished by the Provost-Marshal-Gteneral's Bureau, in
the manner prescribed by the Revised Regulations.
The following form has been adopted by this office for keeping the
account of vouchers transmitted to the Provost-Marshal-Qeneral's
Office for payment, and of checks received in payment thereof.
This form embraces a list of all vouchers forwarded during the
month, each month being kept separately:
United States to vouchers, Dr.
1)«teor
voucher.
No. of
voucher.
Nmuo of olAiflunt.
Nature of
Amount.
When forwarded for
pajmant.
United States by cheeks, Cr.
Date of
Toucher.
No. of
check.
Name of receiver.
Nature of
account.
Amount of
check.
▲mount of
aeoonnt.
of receipt of
ebeck.
In mldition to tlie above form the following has lieen adopt«<l for
keeping the accounts of each individual separately, viz:
Name of peraon.
Dr.
Cr.
Date of receipt of check.
Date of voucher.
Nature of account.
To check.
By voucher.
The receipt of all checks issued by the Provost-Marshal-General's
Bureau in payment of accounts transmitted from this office was
immediately acknowledged on the proper form and the date of receipt
recorded.
The checks were immediately transmitted to the iiersons in whose
favor they were drawn, whose receipt for the same was obtained and
filed in this office.
THE MANNER OF KEEPING ACCOUNT OF VOUCHERS ISSUED FOR APPRE-
HENDING DESERTERS.
The following form was adopted to account for vouchers given for
the apprehension and delivery of deserters, viz:
Datiiof
vouchor.
No. of
voucher.
Name of claimant.
When delivered.
UNION A17THOBITU8.
861
Vonchers for the reward of $30 for the apprehension and delivery
of deserters were given only in case the party arrested was found
upon examination to be a deserter.
The vouchers were given to the persons who delivered the deserters
to the provost-marshal.
Vouchers were not given to commissioned of&cers, deputy provost-
marshals, special agents, nor salaried officers for the arrest of de-
serters.
Vouchers for the reward of $30 for the arrest of deserters were paid
by the nearest disbursing quartermaster of the United States.
I would respectfully state, in connection with this subject, that the
delay which usually attended the payment of vouchers for arresting,
securing, and delivering deserters made it very difficult to secure the
services of suitable persons for that duty. Those who were engaged
in arresting deserters were compelled to dispose of the vouchers at a
heavy discount to brokers, in order to obtain means to defray the
current expenses incurred in making the arrests and transporting the
deserters to the nearest provost-marshal, which was, in many
instances, very great.
I would therefore respectfully suggest that the interest of the serv-
ice, in my judgment, requires that provision should be made for the
prompt payment of this class of vouchers, as the duty of arresting
deserters is attended with great privation and risk and the reward of
$30 greatly reduced by the expenses incurred.
It seems to me that this difficulty could be obviated by having
these vouchers paid by a disbursing officer of the Provost-Marshal-
General's Bureau instead of the disbursing quartermaster of the
United States.
THB MANNBB OF REPORTING CRBDTTS AND DBFICZSNCIBS.
Credits from all sources and deficiencies remaining were reported
every ten days to the acting assistant provost-marshal-general of the
State on the following form, to wit:
s
2
&
Source of ondlu.
"S
It
S
Si
2
1^1
II
-I
ri
H
If
s
Kanber of men who
have been tent to
ceneral rendesvotis
for whoDi reoeipta
have been oktained.
s
SB
3
s
i
ii
Number of men
who have been
accepted into
the Navy for
whom reoeipta
have beim ob-
Uined.
I
I
i
1
I
862 COBRESPONDENCEy ETC.
BBTURN OF QUOTAS AND CBRDTTB.
A return of quotas and credits was made monthly on the blank
form furnished for that purpose by the Provost-Marshal-Generars
Bureau.
This return embraced an exhibit, by sub-districts, of the quotas and
deficiencies on the first day of the month for which it was made, the
credits arising from all sources during the month, and the deficiency
or surplus, as the case might be, at the end of the month.
THE MANNER OF PROVIDINQ, STORING, ISSUING, AND ACOOUNTINQ FOR
CLOTHING.
A large quantity of clothing was received from the Quartermaster's
Department soon after this office was established and receipted for
by the provost-marshal.
This clothing was stored in a secure and dry store-room, from
which it was taken in small quantities as it was needed for uniforming
men.
A small quantity of each variety of clothing was kept on band at
the office of provost-marshal, where it was issued to volunteers,
drafted men, and substitutes entering the service.
All persons to whom clothing was issued were required to sign
receipt rolls (Form 52, Quartermaster-General's Department) in
duplicate.
Returns of clothing were made to the Quartermaster-General'B
Departmeht at the end of each month, on Form 51, Quartermaster-
Greneral's Department, accompanied by the receipt roll of clothing
(Form 52, Quartermaster-General's Department) issued to men enter-
ing that month, as a voucher.
MONTHLY RETURNS AND REPORTS RENDERED TO THE PROVOST-MAR-
SHAL-GENERAL.
The reports and returns required by paragraph 108, Revised Regu-
lations of the Provost-Marshal-Greneral's Bureau, were rendered by
this office to the Provost-Marshal-General at the time and in the
manner therein prescribed.
MONTHLY REPORT OF SUBSTITUTES AND RECRUITS WHO DESERTED
FROM HEADQUARTERS.
Monthly reports of all substitutes and recruits who deserted from
headquarters and en route to general rendezvous were made by this
office, in compliance with Circular No. 30, Provost-Mar^al-General's
Office, series of 1864.
TRANSPORTATION.
Transportation was furnished by railroad companies and stage-
coach lines on blank requisitions furnished by the Provost-Maishal-
General's Office, properly filled up by this office.
After the requisitions were taken up by the company furnishing the
transportation they were returned to this office, where they were
examined, and if found to be correct the proper vouchers were made
out on the proper blanks in favor of the company furnishing the
transportation and given to the claimant for collection.
UNION AUTHOBITIES.
863
Transportation was furnished to drafted men on requisitions at-
tached to the bottom of the notice of draft, signed by the provost-
marshal.
Vouchers were made out for the transportation furnished on these
requisitions in the same manner as those furnished by the Provost-
Marshal-General, as above stated.
RBPORTS OP DEBrrS AND CREDITS.
Tri-monthly and monthly reports of debits and credits were ren-
dered to the acting assistant provost-marshal-Keneral of the State,
giving the "credits for voluntary enlistments,^' "credits for enlist-
ments in the Navy and Marine Corps," "credits by draft," "miscel-
laneous credits," Jbc, on blank forms furnished for that purpose.
ASSISTANT SURGEONS.
The duties of the surgeon of the Board of Enrollment having
become too onerous, it was deemed necessary by the Provost-Marshal-
General to assign to duty with him an assistant surgeon.
The following-named persons have been on duty in that capacity in
tbisofSce:
Actg. Asst. Surg. H. M. Drach was assigned to duty June 14, 1864.
Actg. Asst. Surg. Robert H. Goldsmith relieved Actg. Asst. Surg.
H. M. Drach June 23, 1864.
Actg. Asst. Surg. H. M. Drach relieved Actg. Asst. Surg. Robert H.
Goldsmith August 2, 1864, and was relieved , 1865, and ordered
to reiM>rt to the medical director Eighth Army Coips, Baltimore, Md.
James Williard, M. D., was appointed assistant surgeon of the
Board of Enrollment March 20, 1865, under the thirteenth section of
the act of Congress approved February 24, 1864, but never entered
upon duty.
A record of substitutes furnished by enrolled men prior to draft was
kept in a book prepared for that purpose in the following form, viz:
Name of principal. Nameofsabatltote.
Amy or
Kary
Masterod or onliaied.
When. Where. I By whom,
Where
credited.
Remarks.
DEPUTY PROVOST-MARSHALS.
The following -named persons were appointed deputy provost-
marshals in the Fourth District of Maryland from time to time, to wit.*
See paragraph 11, Regulations Provost-Marshal-General's Bureau,
and paragraph 138, Revised Regulations Provost-Marshal-General's
Bureau.
SYSTEM OF SUBSTTTUnON.
The system of substitution authorized by the enrollment act of
March 3, 1863, and the acts amendatory thereof operated, in my judg-
ment, greatly to the detriment of the service. In intelligence, moral
♦Omitted.
864 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
character, and indeed in almost every respect, the principals were
greatly superior to the substitutes furnished by them for the military
service.
Men of character would not enlist as substitutes; hence a very
unreliable and worthless class of persons offered as such, and the
result was that a large number of very inferior men thus entered the
service and either deserted or became a burden to it; and in many
instances where they deserted it was for the sole object of re-entering
the service with a view to obtain an additional bounty.
Another objection to substitution was the temptation held out by
it to persons to engage in the business of furnishing substitutes, and
thereby fall into eveiy 8x>ecies of villainy to reap the reward that the
business might yield, directing their operations exclusively to their
own emolument.
It is a well-established fact that persons have entered the service a
number of times within a very brief period and for a large sum each
time. In this fraudulent procedure I have no doubt they were often
prompted and aided by a class of men known as ''substitute brokers."
And it has been equally well established that substitute brokers as
a class were unscrupulous men, having an eye exclusively to money-
making, and with very few exceptions felt no interest in the good of
the service.
That substitute brokers and their runners oppressed the principals
and robbed the substitutes as far as they could without detection is
equally true.
The runners, as they were denominated, were employed by the sub-
stitute brokers to procure substitutes for their agencies, and were the
most odious and detestable class of men known to the service.
The system of furnishing substitutes was denounced by the ablest
officers of the American Revolution as very injurious to their cause,
and I have no doubt it will be discovered to have proved equally so
in the recent war.
SPECIAL AGENTS.
The following-named persons were appointed special agents in
accordance with paragraph 12 of the Regulations for the Government
of the Provost-Marshal-General's Bureau for 1863, and paragraph 138,
Revised Regulations Provost-Marshal-General's Bureau, to wit.*
In addition to the above eighty-four men were authorized to arrest
desertera, whose compensation was only the reward of $30 allowed for
the apprehension and delivery of deserters. These men were author-
ized with the understanding that they were also to collect public
property, &c., in addition to arresting deserters vdthout any addi-
tional pay.
STATEMENT OF PUBUC PROPERTY SEIZED.
The following is a statement of the property belonging to the Gov-
ernment which was gathered up by this office and restored to the
proper officers, as required by section 23 of the act of March 3, 1863.*
There were many articles of little or no value recovered, in addition
to what is above reported, which it is deemed impracticable to report
in this statement.
♦Omitted.
UNIOH AUTHOBinSB. 865
THE DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED.
The prinoipal difficulties encountered in performing the duties of
this office consisted in obtaining suitable quarters for the transaction
of the business of the office (which has been treated at length under
the head of establishment of headquarters), and in procuring enroll-
ing officers.
The chief difficulty, however, was that of obtaining enrollinff offi-
cers, but I am unable to discover any more practicable mode of
making the enrollment than the one adopted. Surely no one could
be more competent to make the enrollment than a person who resides
in the locality and is familiar with the names and residences of those
to be enrolled; and it only remains with the provost-marshal in mak-
ing the appointment to select the officer with reference to strict integ-
rity and capacity and urge upon him the importance and necessity of
accepting the appointment.
It is my opinion that the enrolling officers should be examined
by the provost-marshal as to their fitness before entering upon the
duties. This would, in my judgment, have prevented much of the
embarrassment which has been the result of incompetency.
MERITS AND DEMBIOTS OF THE LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND ORDERS
GOVERNING THE PROVOST-MARSHAL-GENERAL'S BUREAU.
I have not been able, as far as my experience and observation have
gone, to discover any serious defects in existing laws, regulations,
and orders governing the Provost-Marshal-Generars Bureau. On the
contrary, I have been impressed with their practical adaptation to
the wants and interests of the service.
The only defect, in my judgment, which I have discovered in the
laws which I deem of sufficient importance to mention is the restric-
tion imposed by section 14, act approved March 3, 1865, touching
credits to sub-districts, Ac, This section reads as follows:
That hereafter aU persone mustered into the military or naval service, whether
as Yolanteers, sabstitntes, reDresentativee, or otherwise, shall be credited to the
State, and to the ward, township, precinct, or other enrollment sub-district where
snch -permma belong by actual residence (if snch iwrsons have an actual residence
within the United States), and where such i)ersons were or shall be enrolled (if
liable to enrollment).
• •••••
This section, if I give it a correct interpretation, disqualifies per-
sons who have an actual residence in one sub-district, or persons who
have been enrolled, from being credited to another under any circum-
stances. The protection afforded to persons enrolled in one sub-
district against the encroachments of the people enrolled in others
is, in my judgment, proper until the quota of that sub-district, under
the call then pending, has been filled, but after this has been accom-
plished it is my opinion that all persons residing or who may be
enrolled in such sub-district should be allowed to enlist to the credit
of any other locality they may elect in the Ck)ngressional district.
The reason which prompts me to make this suggestion is that the
citizens of most of the sub-districts have heretofore offered local
bounties as an inducement to persons to enlist to the credit of their
respective sub-districts until the quotas thereof under the pending
call have been filled, and the State and the several counties have
also offered large bounties to persons who would enlist and be cred-
ited as i>art of the quota under said call.
55 R R— SERIES lU, VOL V
866 COBBE8PONDENCE, ETC.
When the quota of any snb-district has been filled persons enlist-
ing to the credit thereof in excess of the quota receive no bounty
from these sources.
The bounties in sub-districts, the quotas of which have been filled,
having ceased, persons residing or enrolled therein have no induce-
ment to enlist to the credit thereof, and if they are not permitted to
enlist to the credit of localities where the quotas have not been raised,
and when bounties are still being offered, they will remain out of the
service, and it will thereby suffer.
And if persons enrolled in one sub-district should, after the quota
thereof had been filled, enlist to the credit of another, their names
would then be stricken from the enrollment list and no injury could
be done to the sub-district in which they were enrolled in assigning
quotas under future calls.
I have no suggestions to make in ^regard to the regulations and
orders in addition to those already expressed in preceding portions of
this rexK>rt.
RBBULTS OF DRAFT UNDER THE DIFFERENT CALLS.
Call of March 14, 1864, and d^lciencie9 under former oaUa.
Credits:
By white volunteers 85
By colored yolnnteers 8
By veterans 60
By seamen 48
By draft 1,245
By Btibstitiites for enrolled men 8
Total 1,458
Call of Jidy 18, I864.
Credits:
By snrplns under former calls 191
By reconstruction of quotas— by revision of enrollment 236
By naval enlistments 621
By white volunteers 289
By colored volxmteers 203
Byseamen 81
Bymarinee 27
By regulars 8
By representative recruits 1
By drafted men 120
By substitutes for drafted men 186
By substitutes for enrolled men 169
By veteran volunteers 80
Total - 2,127
Call of December 19, 1864,
Credits:
By white volunteers 906
By colored volunteers 21
By enlistments in the Regular Army 8
By seamen 67
By drafted men held to service 42
By drafted men who paid commutation 24
By substitutes for drafted men . 48
By substitutes for enrolled men 878
Total 1,481
Whole number of men credited 5,064
I am, general, very respectfully, yonr obedient servant,
HENRY C. NAILL.
Captain and Provost-Marshal, Fourth District of Maryland.
UNION AUTHORITISg. 867
DOOUMXNT No. 13.
Final report of ilie surgeon of the Board of Enrollment oj the Twelfth
District of Ohio^ Cirdeville, June 16y 1866.
Prov. Mar.'s Office, Twelfth Distmct of Ohio,
Cirdeville^ June 15, 1865.
GENBRAii: In obedience to instnictionB I have the honor to submit
the following report:
My experience as surgeon of the Board of Enrollment of the Twelfth
District of Ohio dates from May 10, 1864.
The first drafting <1one in this district was commenced on the 12th
of May, 1864, to fill a deficiency of 654 men under the call of March
14, 1864.
Since the date of this connection with the department, under the
several calls of March, July, and November, 1864, the following num-
ber of physical examinations of recruits, substitutes, drafted men,
and enrolled men have been made, and the results of which are shown
by Tables Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.
Table No. 1 shows the total number physically examined, the
total number actually appearing before the Board, the total number
actually and constructively examined, and the ratio rejected and
exempted for all causes, and for physically disability of each class,
respectively.
Table No. 2 shows the number of each class and total examined,
the number of each class, total number and the ratio rejected and
exempted per 1,000 examined under each section of paragraph 85, the
number and ratio rejected and exempted for other causes, and total
number and ratio rejected and exempted.
Table No. 3 shows the nativity, average measurements of the chest,
average heights, and ages of recruits, substitutes, and drafted men
examined from July 4, 1864, to April 30, 1865.
Table No. 4 shows the number of recruits and substitutes examined
from July 4, 1864, to April 30, 1865; the average measurements of the
chest and average heights and ages of those accepted as compared
with the rejected; the number, average measurements of the chest,
heights, and ages of the natives of Ohio accepted and rejected as
compared with the natives of other States and countries, and the
average measurements of the chest, heights, and ages of the total
number examined.
Table No. 5 shows the total number physically examined, the num-
ber exempted for hernia and its classification, and the ratio rejected
per 1,000 physically examined of recruits, substitutes, and drafted and
enrolled men.
Table No. 6 shows the number of recruits and substitutes, natives
of Ohio, of less age than twenty years; the number, twenty and not
exceeding forty-five years of age, and the ratio rejected per 1,000
examined of each; the number of drafted men examined of forty and
less than forty-five; the number under forty years of age, and the
ratio exempted per 1,000 examined of each class.
Table No. 7 shows the colored recruits and substitutes examined
from July 4, 1864, to April 30, 1865; the number rejected; causes of
rejection and ratio rejected per 1,000 examined.
Table No. 8 shows the number examined, the average measure-
ments of the chest, height, and age of colored Americans and white
Americans; colored aliens and white aliens; total number examined,
and average measurements of the chest, height, and age.
868 COBRESPOimENCE, ETC.
In the presentation of these observations the classification and
order of disability as given in paragraph 85, Revised Regulations
Provost-Marshal-GeneraPs Bureau, for drafted men, has been adopted
for recruits and substitutes. In doing so it is understood to embrace
the diseases, but not in that specific degree as applied to dnufted men.
The ratio of rejections of substitutes has been much greater than
recruits, or the exemptions of drafted men. A large per cent, of
this class of applicants for the service has been composed of bounty-
jumpers, convicts, alien thieves, deserters, half-starved paupers,
broken-down libertines, and drunkards — ^persons having no principle
in themselves or interest in the Qovernment, and who have b^n
spirited from place to place as mere chattels in the hands of specula-
tors and unprincipled brokers; while recruits are mostly from the
young and resident class of laboring population, and have to some
extent been selected by a partial examination of the recruiting officer
previous to enlistment.
The ratio of exemptions of drafted men for physical and mental
disability will always appear much greater than the rejections made
of recruits if based upon the number physically examined, but much
less if made upon the number appearing before the Board, or number
constructively examined. The difference in the number actually
reporting or constructively examined and the number physically
examined is a material one. In all calculations upon the former it
is presumed that the disabled drafted man never fails to report for
examination; and all others appearing before the Board, furnii^ng
substitutes, evidence of alienage, unsuitableness of age, incorrect
enrollment, and other causes, are physically not disqualified for mil-
itary service; and to base the comparative ratio of physical disquali-
fication upon numbers not physically examined may erroneously show
a much less degree of infirmity than really exists, while the latter
always exhibits an excess of the correct number.
If the object is to obtain the ratio of disqualification in any
given number of enrolled or drafted men, it then becomes neces-
sary to embrace all disqualifying causes in the determination of
that number.
In these reported rejections of recruits and substitutes there are
included other causes than physical and mental — as want of stature,
under age, over age, and bad character; all which are denominated
legal and moral causes. Quite a large per cent, of rejected recruits
and more than half of all the rejections of substitutes come under
this head. Therefore, to place the several classes seemingly ui>on
the same basis, a column of ratios rejected per 1,000 for physical and
mental disability of all actually, as well as a column of all actually
and constructively, examined is given. But the inequality ia not
removed, as a large i)er cent, of drafted men entering into reports as
exempted, and consequently examined, include the ^^100-days' men,"
those paying commut<ation under draft prior to the act approved July
4, 1864, and drafted men released by voluntary enlistments, all of
whom are examined constructively; and while they greatly diminish
the ratio exempted for physical and mental causes by increasing the
number examined, fail to add their just proportion of existing physi-
cal and mental disability. The number examined, including coily
recruits, substitutes, and drafted men, amounts to 5,484. Of thiis
number 743 were rejected and exempted for physical and mental dis-
ability, showing a ratio of disqualification of 135.4 per 1,000 exam-
UNION AUTHOBITIE8. 869
ined. Separated into classes, tbe ratios rejected and exempted per
1,000 examined are as follows:
Recruita 128.8
Substitutes 156.8
Draftedmen 185.1
This shows a less ratio rejected for physical and mental causes of
drafted men than actually exists, and but for the reasons stated
would appear greater than that of substitutes. (See Table No. 1.)
The ratio of rejections of recruits and substitutes differs from that
of drafted men under the several sections of the paragraph embrac-
ing the causes of exemption. The difference is explained by the
voluntary and involuntary nature of the presentations of the appli-
cants, and by the ruling applied to the different classes. The decid-
edly feeble man, the confirmed consumptive, the paralytic, the deaf,
and those having ulcers of long standing seldom enlist; while indif-
ference and negligence on the part of this class to be relieved
from enrollment places their names in the wheel, and many times
their persons before the Board of Enrollment for examination as
drafted men.
Under sections 8, 20 and 29, diseases of the skin, loss of teeth, and
hydrocele, the ratio rejected of recruits and substitutes is greater
than for drafted men.
Table No. 1.— Showing the number physieaUy examined, the number appearing
before the Board, the number actuaujf and oonetructiveltf examined, the ratio
r^eeted and exempted for aU eaueea, and for phyeioal disabUity of each does,
respectivdy**
Table No. 2,^8howing the number of eaeh clasa, and the ratio refected and
exempted per l/fOO examined, under each aecHon of paragraph S5, and the
number and ratio rejected for other oaueee, and the total number and ratio
rejected and exempted.*
Table No. S,— Showing measurements of chest, heights, and ages of recruits,
substitutes, and drafted men examined from July 4, X864, to April SO, 1S66,
in the Twelfth District of Ohio*
THE TWELPFH DISTRICT OF OHIO.
The Twelfth District is composed of six counties, Pickaway, Boss,
and Pike forming the western, and Fairfield, Hocking, and Perry the
eastern x>ortion of the district. The western counties embrace sixty
miles in length of the Scioto Valley, the corn-growing Eden of Ohio.
The eastern counties are composed of elevated table-land and mount-
ains; the former is well adapted to agriculture, and the latter abound
in iron, coal, building stone, oil, whortleberries, hoop poles, and
shingles.
The district is divided into eighty-five sub-districts, containing a
total population in 1860 of 139,456.
June, 1863, 18,371 names of persons of twenty years of age and
under forty-five were enrolled as liable to do military duty; one in
seven and five-tenths of the total population.
•Omitted.
870 CORBESPO|n)£NCE, ETC.
The principal towns are the county seats, and contain a population
as follows:
Ciicleville aty 4,500
ChiUicothe 7,000
Waverly 1,000
Lancaster City 4,800
Logan 1,500
New Lexington 800
Total 10,700
Total population of the county towns, 19,700; a little more than
one-seventh of the total population of the district.
Health. — ^The elevated and mountainous nature of the eastern
counties renders this portion of the district remarkably exempt from
endemic and epidemic forms of disease, while the valley, comprising
the western counties, is equally noted for the prevalence of marsh
miasmatic fever and the hydra manifestations of this subtle i)oison.
This inexplicable endemic constitution of locality, constantly emanat-
ing and administering a poison to the nervous centers and the
secreting organs, causes a much larger per cent, of permanent walk-
ing invalids than is found in sections exempt from this influence.
Typhoid fever, pneumonia, bronchitis, diphtheria, and intermitting
fever embrace the principal sporadic and endemic acute diseases
incident to this locality. Since the prevalence of diphtheria in the
autumn of 1860 no epidemic form of disease has been manifest.
Inhabitants, — Politically, a majority of the district is decidedly,
and perhaps not honestly, adverse to the present administration. At
one time, organizing and publicly drilling in several sections, they
viciously contemplated resistance to law and the enforcement of the
draft under the call of July 18, 1864; and looking upon every man in
the service of the Government as a public enemy, they made threats
of great violence and committed numerous private injuries. This
continued until reasons, best known to the property holders enlisted
in the hazardous enterprise, induced a change in the conduct of
this disaffected class, becoming in sentiment suddenly and greatly
improved; and under the stimulating influence of large local bounties
and impending draft many of the most infatuated entered the service
by voluntary enlistments, and others relieved the district of their
molestation and influence by making a change of residenoe unaooom-
I>anied by any change of enrollment.
SociaUy, — With a fair system of public schools, four chartered
institutions of learning, a State farm, and the ideopoietic power of
the draft, there still exists a great deflciency of the rudiments of
common information and mora£.
Many of the elder portion of the present inhabitants are natives of
other States — Pennsylvania, North Carolina, South Carolina, and a
few of the flrst families of Virginia. These form the basis and give
cast and character to the society, institutions, modes of business, and
manner of living.
The interests of the district are principally agricultural, and the
inhabitants are industrious and economical. All can, and most do,
obtain comfortable homesteads; and some have accumulated wealth
and live in the full consciousness of the superior advantages and
influence of the American Union. Of the total number enrolled
13,628 are farmers and 4,743 embracing all other occupations.
The aggregate amount of land under cultivatiom is about 600,000
Acres. Of this 150,000 is devoted to wheat and 260,000 to Indian
T7NIOK AUTH0BITIB8. 871
corn, and which yields annually over 1,500,000 bushels of wheat and
10,000,000 bushels of com. Nearly 200,000 acres are seeded with other
crops — rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, potatoes, and meadow. Total
yield annually, 14,000,000 bushels of grain and 120,000 tons of hay—
an income on these of more than $10,600,000.
In addition to the agricultuml resources are the mining and manu-
facturing interests of no small importance. The former is yearly
becoming of greater significance. Perry and Hocking Counties, far
inferior in agricultural products, are rich in undeveloped mineral
resources, and are fast competing in wealth with other seemingly more
favored portions of the district.
Excepting the manufacture of whisky, flour, and leather, little
else beyond local consumption is produced. The revenue paid on
whisky for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1864 (most of which was
assessed at 20 cents per gallon), amounted to $558,183.36.
Physical, — ^The physical development of the inhabitants is com-
mensurate with the demand for labor and the agricultural and min-
eral resources; and the soldier from this class of yeomanry should,
from habits of life, be able to endure great fatigue; and the Gk)vem-
ment may weK accept with pride and satisfaction the men elected to
fill the quotas of this district, as they have been furnished from the
best physical development produced in this locality. (See Table
No. S.) Although the number examined shows nativities of thirty
nine States and countries, a great majority are natives of Ohio, and
have enjoyed a country life, not of an easy, indolent, or luxurious
character, but one subject to and requiring great physical endur-
ance. In the heat of summer and cold of winter they have been
accustomed to active laborious duties.
Table No. i.^Shomng mecuuremenia of cheat, heights, and ages of recruits and
substitutes physiixUly examined from Juiy 4, 1864, to April SO, 1865,*
Of the total number, 2,568 were farmers and farm laborers, and 572
including other occupations; 2,204 natives of Ohio, and 936 including
the natives from all other States and countries.
The average physical development of the natives of Ohio is equal
to that of all other States and countries collectively, although many
were youthful, reducing the average age of those accepted to twenty-
three seven-tenths, or five years below the average of those from other
States and countries; and the ratio rejected per 1,000 examined is con-
siderably less than other nativities collectively. (Table 4.)
Batio rejected per 1,000 examined, recniite and snbstitntes :
Natives of Ohio 858.1
Other States and countries 480.»
Total number 891. 4
The greatest number exempted for physical disability under any
one section of paragraph 85, Revised Regulations, or for disability
referred to therein (Table No. 2), has been for hernia; and, contrary
to the commonly received opinion, more cases of right than left
inguinal hernia are met with.
Table No. ^.—Showing the number rejected and exempted for hernia, and
physically examined, from May 10, 1864, to April SO, 1866, 6,528,*
Table No. 5 shows the number physically examined, and the relative
frequency of the classification, as found in applicants for service, and
as cause of exemption of enrolled and drafted men.
♦Omitted.
872
COBBESPONDEKGE, ETC.
The influence of malaria, causing chronic change of function or
structure of the internal organs (section 5), and the youthful exposure
to accidents, dislocations, and fractures (section 37) in the rural
districts, and which are frequently unattended by medical or surgical
skill, leaving the sufferer with an unnecessary permanent deformity
and disalHlity, may to some extent account for the large ratios under
these two sections.
For causes other than physical and mental disability, the rejections
exhibit a still much greater proportion . Seventy-seven per
1,000 examined of recruits have been rejected for want of physical
development, implying a deficiency of age. And the exi>erience
attaint in this department tends to confirm that of others made in
the field, that the minimum age is too low for recruits, and the maxi-
mum at least five years too great for drafted men, to obtain efficient
and enduring soldiers. Few boys of eighteen years of age are suffi-
ciently matured to endure fatigue, exposure, and change of living
consequent to the soldier, while the age of forty with the laboring
man in this climate brings many ills unknown or uncared for below
this period. The former is shown in the examinations of those under
twenty years of age, and the latter is manifest in the exemptions of
drafted men. In the examination of 752 recruits and substitutes
under twenty, and natives of Ohio, the ratio i*ejected per 1,000 exam-
ined amounts to 355, while 911 examined of twenty, and not exceed-
ing forty years of age, natives of the same State, shows a ratio
rejected of only 183 per 1,000 examined. In the examination of 1,396
drafted men, 138 of the number were forty and under forty-five years
of age. The ratio exempted per 1,000 physically examined of tho^o
under forty is 284, and those forty and under forty-five amounts to
369, and the greater number of the accepted, or not exempt, bearing
evidence of an inferior class. As an established consequence, the
greater the ratio rejected of any class, comparatively the more it
increases the suspicions of the character and efficiency of those
accepted.
Table No. ^.—Showing the number of nat%ve9 of Ohio of leas than twenty yean
of aaet and the number more than tv^enty years of age^ of recruits and sub-
stitutes examined from July 4^ 1864, ^o April SO, 1866, and the number of
drafted men less than forty, avid the number forty and less than fcfrim-ftoe
years of age, physioaUy examined, and the ratio rejected and exempted for
eath class*
Ohio reonilU Mid ralMtitatM :
Lms Uun 10 yean
More than 20 yean
ToUl
Dfmltedmen:
Lass than 40 yean of ace
Mora than 40 and leea than 46
Total
^1
752
Ml
188
287
lf7
IS9l«
18X3
fOBLf
2815
28^6
408 , 28&5
UNION ▲UTHORinB& 878
Paraqraph 85 of the Revised Regvlationa of the Provost-Marshal-
OenercS's ^ureauj section 3. — Of the numerous claims for exemption
under section 3, paragraph 85» Revised Regulations, only two and
three-tenths per 1,000 of all examined have been exempted for epi-
lepsy. **The statement of the drafted man being insufficient," the
affidavit *'of a physician in good standing who has attended him in
the disease within the six months immediately preceding his exam-
ination" can but seldom be procured. Epileptics do not usually
employ a physician in the disease; most certainly so in the country
among the poorer class, who soon become accustomed to know they
will recover from the attack before medical aid could be obtained.
And in many instances, no doubt, injustice is done parties affiicted
with this unhappy malady. And I would suggest, as *^fits," or epi-
lep^, could be determined as a matter of fact by duly attested affi-
davits of two or more respectable witnesses, requiring a description of
manner, duration, and character of the same, leaving the medical
inspector to determine the nature of the manifestations might work
greater justice toward this unfortunate class, without opening wider
than now the door for fraudulent practices.
EXAMINATION— ''MINUTE DETAIL."
The examination of men for the service is conducted in the follow-
ing manner and in the order herein stated :
A record is made with pencil in a small book ^4} bv 7^), writing
day and date, name of the person to be examined m full; age, nativ-
ity, occupation, social i-elation, complexion, eyes and hair, where
credited or where drafted, and if a substitute, the name of the person
for whom he is a substitute, the sub-district where drafted or enrolled,
with full descriptive list.
The following diagrams will more intelligibly explain the form
and manner of making these most useful entries (marked No. 2 and
No. 2.)«
Four books of this kind are kept in the examination room, marked
upon the back of each the character of the entries, thus: "Recruits
examined from February 16, 1866, to , 1866."
Books for substitutes, drafted and enrolled men are, in like manner,
also marked, and when filled with names, the month and day thereof
is written, completing the indorsement upon the back and showing
the period of examinations contained in each.
One applicant only is recorded on a single page, and when a sufficient
number of entries have been made spectators are required to leave
the room; the doors are closed and locked, preventing all egress and
ingress, and the men divest themselves of all clothing excepting pants
and drawers. The first name i^corded in any one of the books 'is
called, and the man is placed with his back to a stationary measure,
and the height taken in feet and inches, which is recorded at the right,
filling the descriptive list; he is then measured by means of a grsuiu-
ated tape around the chest, at the lower border of the pectoralis major
muscle, and the number of inches obtained at the termination of
ordinary expimtion; he is then requested to take a full, prolonged
inspiration, and the measurement is again recorded. These measure-
ments are always placed at the terminus of the name. Having
measured in like manner all to be examined, the men divest them-
selves of the remaining clothing, and the surgeon proceeds in the
•Omitted.
874 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
same oraer of names, by a rehearsal of questions, euciting answers to
the statements contained in the record, with snch other interrogatories
as may tend to establish a correct opinion of the age, nativity, alienage,
intelligence, health, and liability to x)eriodical diseases; and qualifica-
tions, legal, mental, and physical, required of recruits, substitutes,
and drafted men.
Any marks, scars, or change of conformation is next observed and
noted. This being satisfactory, the head, eyes, ears, nose, teeth, and
throat are inspected. The cranium is examined by tact; the eyes,
eyelids, ears, nose, teeth, palate, and fauces by ocular inspection.
The sight is tested by reading, or small objects at proper distances,
with the right and then the left eye.
The hearing is tested by conversation. If a recruit or substitute,
in a low tone of voice; if a drafted man claiming deafness, in a loud
tone, coming down the scale rapidly, at the same time interesting him
with answers relating to himself, and which will most always detect
attempted imposition.
Any disease or peculiarity of the head, eyes, ears, teeth, or i>alate
is now noted in the book, immediately under the description of the
applicant or previous remarks.
llie chest and organs contained are next in order of examination.
The symmetry, development^ and subclavian regions are carefully
inspected; the frequency of respiration and the heart's action are
observed, and any deviation from a normal standard is noted. The
man is now required to walk briskly several times around the room,
throwing the heels against the gluteal muscles each step, then to cross
the room, first on one foot and then upon the other; to throw the
arms erect over the head and to place the back of the hands together
in this position; to fiex and extend the forearms, hands, thumte, and
fingers; to pronate and supinate the hands, and to extend and flex
the toes. He is now again examined with reference to the organs of
the chest, and any material change in respiration and circulation
from this exercise is noted, also all other causes tending to disability
observed.
The abdomen is next in order. The gastric and hypochondriac
regions are examined by tact ; the finger is introduced into the inguinal
space, and the party required to pass the arms over the head, to cough,
and stooping, Uft at dead weight, &c. Where hernia is claimed but
not apparent, or where the state of the abdominal rings creates the
least suspicion of this disability, if a recruit or substitute, he is
required to lean forward upon his hands, placing his feet widely
apart, that hemorrhoids, fissures, or fistula may, if in existence, be
discovered. The drafted man can tell his own ills. The result of
this is now recorded.
The spine and extremities are examined, and any deformity, scar,
or mark is noted ; and any disability found minutely described. After
this, any remark calculated to identify the party by association is in
order. The result of the examination is determined at any stage
when a disqualifying cause is found to exist, by writing after a
description of disabilty the words "rejected," if a recruit or sul)stitute;
and ''exempt," if a drafted or enrolled man, completing the examina-
tion as represented in Diagram No. 2.
The certificate of examination on triplicate enlistment papers of
the recruits accepted is now signed by the surgeon, and the enlist-
ment papers of those not accepted are marked upon the face ' ' rejected.'*
The records of examination are passed to the clerk of the examina>
UNION AUTHORmxa.
876
tion Tooniy who prepares two liBts of those accepted or not exempt,
giving the sub-district where credited and regiment for muster, if a
Tecrait; if a sabstiate, the name, and also that of the party for whom
he is a substitute, and where enrolled or drafted; and if a drafted
man, when and where drafted. (See Lists Nos. land 2.)
List No. 1 is given as a certified requisition for muster to the provost-
marshal, who proceeds to muster the recruits and enlist the substitutes
upon this evidence of physical fitness.
The drafted men not exempt sign duplicate clothing receipts and
separate receipts for the spoon, knife, fork, and plate, and which is
required to be witnessed by the surgeon.
The drafted men exempted are furnished with a certificate of exemp-
tion (Form 31 or 32), signed by the members of the Board of Enroll-
ment; the substitutes accepted sign their enlistment papers (Form 39)
and their clothing receipt.
The names ui)on the lists are now called, and the men answering
stand in file in the order in which the names occur, and those rejected
and exempted are discharged from the room. The mustering officer
now musters the recruits and enlists the substitutes.
IM JVb. i.
CiBOi^viLLB, Ohio, February IS, 18S6,
Tor mtiBter, enlistment, and service:
No.
Name.
Where credited.
Jamee WUliMnwm.
JoehoAF. Whip...
WUU«mSh«nui
DsDielD. Hayley..
JamMS. Brown...
SfirlBffleld Township and Boas . .
Perry TownaUp and Hooking . . . .
Jackson Township and Pickaway
Wayne Township and Pickaway .
HanUncton Township and Boaa. .
Benton Townabip ana Pike
184th Bagimont Ohio Volunteer In-
fantry.
ITMh Begiaont Ohio Volunteer In-
fantry.
Subetltnte for John Hammel. enrolled.
Snbatitote for Thomas Foster, drafted.
Drafted Dec. 21, 1M4.
Drafted Not. 10, 1M4.
List No, e.
CiBCLEViLLB, Ohio, February 18, 1866,
John B. Botkin, accept, subsist, and lodge the following-named men :
Bocmit...
Do ...
Snbatitatu
Do ...
Drafted...
Do ...
Thomas Bowers ..
James WllllanuioD
JoahnaF. Whip..
William Sheran ..
Daniel D.Hayley.
James B. Brown..
I
Springfield, Boas, 184th Regiment.
Perry, Hocking, 179th Regiment.
Jaokson. Pickaway, for John Hammel.
Wayne, Piokaway, for Tliomas Foster.
HnntfDgton, Boss, Dec. 21, 1884.
B«ntoD,l»lka, Kov. If, 1884.
By order: GEOBGE W. BOBY,
Captain and Provo8t-Mar$hal, Twelfth Ditiriet of Ohio,
The recruits mustered sign duplicate clothing receipts, which are
witnessed in due form; after which the names are again called, and
the men, placed two and two, are marched to the clothing room to
obtain their new purchase, and from thence to the barracks, where
they are by the orderly turned over, with list No. 2, to the person in
charge of the premises.
876 COBBEBPONDBNCEy ETC.
All this portion of the servioe is necessarily transacted in the exam-
ination room, and constitntes a part of the details of the examiaatioii.
Much time and great care is required to make those primary steps in
the record and lists correctly, as they are to be used in making the
muster and descriptive rolls, and constitute the basis of the records
of the offtoe.
Nwmber eacarained, — ^With the limited facilities afforded the snigeon
for making those examinations, fifty men is the average number that
can be physically examined i>er day with accuracy. With three rooms
instead of one, 120 could be examined in ten hours, if all were present
at the proper time.
More time is consumed in the examination of drafted men than
either recruits or substitutes; it is so necessarily. To treat them
kindly, the surgeon must show every attention, hearing every manner
of claim; must look at affidavits and medical certificates, and hear
parol testimony, &c., although he remains, if possible, more the same
opinion stiU. The recruit or substitute may be rejected upon hearing
an answer to a single question, while a drafted man in justice can
make no statement nor answer to any question having tlie least
weight or influence in his case.
At the end of each day the entries made in the memorandum books
of recruits, substitutes, and drafted men are transcribed into a book
ruled for the pyrpose in the manner designated by Form A.^ From
this book or blotter the monthly reports are made and forwarded.
The contents are also transcribed into the Medical Record in full.
The drafted men are again transcribed into the Medical Record for
Drafted Men. The names of enrolled men examined are passed
through a sex>arate set of books in like manner, and are transcribed
into the Medical Record for Enrolled Men. Tlie footings for each
day of each class, in the Medical Record for Recruits, Substitutes,
and Drafted Men, is made in red ink below the terminus of the last
name for that day in the space "Remarks," and footings of each page
in like manner is made at the margin, the one acting as a check upon
the other; and at the end of each month the sum of the two footings
are arranged in separate tables, and, if free from error, will show like
results. These tables are recorded at the page ending the month for
the purpose of aiding in obtaining information in future reference.
It being practically inconvenient to keep a medical-record book for
recruits and substitutes and one separately for drafted men, I have
carried forward in separate columns recruits, substitutes, and drafted
men, showing a complete record in one place [of] the business of
each day.
As enrolled men are not examined during recruiting and drafting,
they appear upon books for that piirpose only.
The measurement of the chest will differ materially if made at dif-
ferent points, and in the absence of any positively established rule
the measurements have been made around, at, or immediately above
the origin of the pectoralis major muscle. Expiration at ordinary
and not forced contraction of the chest, and inspiration at full inflsr
tion. Many subjects with good lungs will not make that free inspira-
tion their ability would permit, and are indifferent to the request;
while boys of eighteen and too youthful to be accepted, having
imagined or been informed that success depended upon the size of the
chest, will inflate themselves with an elasticity almost equal to JSsop's
toad.
* Omitted.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 877
If the foroed voluntary expalsion of air from the lungs and the free
and forced inspiration oould be obtained, these measurements would
show much nearer than now the true mobility of the chest. But it is
not possible in the dispatch of business to obtain full consent by
making the subject understand the object, it being to them a species
of novelty. Therefore forcible expiration has not been insisted upon,
and the inspirations have not in all cases been satisfactorily forced.
FRAUDS.
The frauds most to be guarded against as practiced by enrolled and
drafted men, to escape service, are those sustaining claims of insan-
ity, imbecility, general physical disability, and deafness.
These are generally subjects of contract, secured by some enter-
prising firm engaged in the business, and which usually is composed
of an active, venerable, and experienced attorney at law and an
elastic country doctor. With these legal qualifications as a firm, the
claim of the drafted man is presented with an overwhelming array of
aflftdavits, and which always renders the statements more or less sus-
picious; and if by counter-testimony the claim is decided untrue as
to degree or nature of the disability, it is frequently pressed at gen-
eral rendezvouato a successful termination, greatly to the detriment
and influence of the district Board. £xi)erience has determined that
af&davits procured for drafted men by this class of ^' friends of the
Gk>vemment" are generally unreliable, and should be accepted with
great caution and due allowance.
The medical partner of one of these firms presented a drafted man
with the oral statement that the party was an ''idiot," and had been
one for a number of years. He was armed with a bundle of affidavits,
his ovm among the number, fully establishing insanity, with liability
to a recurrence. Upon investigation of the case the whole sworn
insanity or ''idiocy" was founded upon an attack of mania a ix>tu a
number of years since. While in this state of phrensy he made an
attempt to kill his wife, the after reflection of which reformed him
of the habit of intemperance, but could not release him from the
draft. Many varieties of analogous illustrations might be given,
showing the character of the great mass of evidence in those contract
claims of premeditated fraud by parties who no doubt labor for a stip-
ulated compensation.
Some of these claims are so strongly fortified and ingeniously man-
aged by counsel that in the absence of other and more reliable testi-
mony they would be accepted as any other established matter of fact.
For this reason it would be much better not to hear those claims at
general rendezvous than to decide them merely ui>on the testimony
presented by persons having a i)ecuniary interest in the success of the
same.
By section 21, amended act, approved March 24, 1864, these
attempts are made a i>enal offense, knowing the claims to be false;
yet many experts are willing to engage in a business, for a liberal com-
pensation, directly opposed to the spirit of the act.
It would relieve the surgeon (as well as the Board of Enrollment)
of this special annoyance if every man presenting the claim of a
drafted i)erson, and those writing or obtaining af&davits, or in any
other way assisting in the procuration of the release of the drafted
I)erson, were required to flle in every instance their affidavits that
they have not and never exi>ect to receive, and never will receive,
878 COBBESPONDENCB, ETC.
directly or indirectly, any compensation for the act or services ren-
dered in the case. And the drafted man should also be required to
file a similar affirmation that he has not paid, directly or indirectly,
any person or persons money or other valuable consideration; that
he has not made any gift or present to any person in consideration of
services rendered, or that may be rendered, in his behalf as a drafted
man, and that he never will, upon any contingency, or otherwise, so
pay, donate, or give anjrthing in consideration thereof.
It is not easy to prove an attorney knows a claim to be false, while
perjury might readily be established in the continuation of these
fraudulent practices.
The frauds most to be guarded against in recruits and substitutes
are of a legal character, as age, alienage, &o. Substitutes, to relieve
persons furnishing them for a definite period of time, must be pro-
cured from that class of persons not liable to enrollment and dnift
And to admit alienage of parties upon their own affirmation, or the
same supported by substitute brokers, or others pecuniarily inter-
ested, ''to the best of their knowledge and belief," has not been sat-
isfactory, and the Board has required official certificates, if recently
from another Government, and if residents of the United States, the
additional affidavits of two or more freeholders of respectability,
embracing the following points: Length of time known the party; his
residence and occupation; that he never at any time assumed the
rights of a citizen, by voting or other act, and this to be certified by
the clerk of the court of the county claiming residence in. This most
effectually prevented bounty-jumping, by deterring agents engaged
in the business from presenting for examination those unable to sus-
tain a satisfactory i*ecord.
Minors are of two classes — ^those eighteen years of age, who appear
sufficiently developed fortwenty-one, and thoseeighteen whoare young
enough to be classed at fifteen. The former are mostly applicants as
substitutes for two years; and many times, to their great surprise,
when residents of the district, find their names upon the enrolCnent
lists in time to prevent the crime of x>erjury.
PHYSICAL APTITUDB.
Physical aptitude for military service must be derived from actual
observation. And the information contained in this brief space is in
some particulars at variance with the statements of Prof. Robert
Barthelow, who claims a decided preference for the white, and pre-
fers the pure negro to any admixture, and offers the reason, that "in
the United States the pure African is rarely found," and " few negroes
having admixture with white blood are free from scrofula, independ-
ently of locality." This statement is not sustained by the examina-
tions made at this office of 296 colored men of all shades, from the
black wool to the blue eyes, fair skin, and Hght hair, embracing
natives of twelve States and Canada.
Not more than two of this number were rejected for causes involving
a reasonable supposition of a scrofulous diathesis.
Physical examinations also demonstrate the admixture with the
white, " while it elevates his intellectual i)owers and gives symmetry
to his form," does not lower his health and efficiency.
Table No. 7, which has been carefully and accurately prepared,
shows the causes of rejection, and the ratio rejected -per 1,000, of all
oolored recruits and substitutes physically examined, from July 4,
nVION AUTHORITIES.
871)
1864, to April 30, 1865, and which shows the ratio rejectea of colored
recruits to be a small fraction more than half as great as that of the
same class of examinations of white applicants; and while the rejec-
tions have been much less, the physical development of those accepted
is equal to the white of this nation, and better than that of all other
nations collectively.
Colored men are well muscled, have good eyes, good teeth, good
] lings, and a digestion seldom a source of torment from coarse food.
They are active, are inured to hardships, are not liable to experience
ill effects from malaria and the heat of summer sun; they sustain
well and recover readily from injury or disease, and will not " freeze,"
or lose the powers of "reproduction," nor "become extinct" much
sooner than the white man. (See Table 8.)
Table No. 7, Showing the number and the ratio per 1,000 of colored men refected,
TWELFTH DISTKICT OF OHIO.
Colorod men examined from July 4, 1864, to April
30, 18«5.
Orgsnlo dlienee, intemnl organs..
Diseaaee of the akin
Chronic rhenmatism
E vee and eyelida, dia« SM of
Cnest and apine
Hernia .
Teatlclea. diaeasea of .
Jointa, diseaaea of.
Ftet, deformity of .
Varlcoee Toina. lower extremitiea .
Ulcers, chronic
Want of phyeioal derelopment —
Legal eansee
Total.
Number of
reomita ex-
amined, 207.
Total number
examined, 2M.
101.8 218.7
880
C0BBE8P0NDBNCE, ETC.
Table No. %,Shomng measurementa of cheat, heights, ana ages of rtenuts and
substitutes accepted, as classified into Amencans and aliens, white Americans
and colored Americans, white aliens and colored aliens, examined from July 4,
1864,toApraS0,JS66,
The miiscular development of the limbs of those examined has been
good. If there is a deficiency of the gastrocnemius peculiar to this
race, those having this distinctive mark have failed to appear before
the Board.
Their feet are flat, but not of a nature to disqualify them from
performing well active infantry service.
This experience touching their physical qualifications and the com-
parisons that may justly be drawn would tend to establish the con-
clusion that they present a greater physical aptitude for military
service than any other nation, and even greater than the white popu-
lation of the same nation.
ENROLLMENT LAW.
Several sections of the present enrollment act as amended might be
subject to some improvement in their working operation; and no one
stands more at fault perhaps than section 21, amended act, February
24, 1864.
This section is intended to prevent or punish the fraud before the
Board of Enrollment; and nineteen-twentieths of all violations come
under the observation of the sui^^n, and who must become informer
or chief witness; and a few cases and the attendance upon subpoenas
at long distances will satisfy any reasonable pei'son or any other
man that few prosecutions or convictions, however prevalent this evil
may exist, as it has existed before every board of enrollment in this
country, will ever be made.
The experience obtained in prosecutions under this section has been
satisfactory upon one point at least — ^that there should be a provision
fully compensating witnesses for the time and expense neceBsarily
UNION AUTHORITIES.
881
incurred in the attendance upon the requisite legal proceedings in
these cases.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
N. E. JONES,
Sfwrgeon Board of EnroUmerdy Twelfth District of Ohio.
Diaptmiion of Documents 14 to 39, accompanying the final report of the Provost"
MarthaJtrOeneral,
[Compited in the War fiMordii Offloe.]
No.
14
16
16
17
18
Art.l
18
Art. 9
19
20
▲rt.l
20
Art. 2
21
22
23
24
Art.1
24
Art. 2
24
Art. 8
24
Art. 4
25
Art.l
25
Art.2
26
Art.1
26
Art.2
27
Art.1
27
Ari.2
28
29
ao
81
88
88
84
Desorlptloii.
GeiMnI Ontort. No. Ill, A^JntanUOMMral's Offlo^ .Tano 10. 1865
iieMrtlOrdera, No. 1ft, AfUntaDt-Oenenirii Office, Mny 4.1861
0«ii«na OrdAra, No. 88 (par. Ill), AtUutant-QoDeral's (>fflo^ April 8. 1862
Oeneral Ordera, No. 60, A^Jntant-Oeneral'a OAoa, Jane 6, 1882
iQovenoraof SUtea to the Praaident, Jane 28, 1868
/The Pnaident to the Uoveniora,Jalj 1,1862
OoTemora of Ohio, Indiana, Ulinoia, Iowa, and TVlaoonain t4> the Praai-
dent,
jdrealarl
}cin
}Cin
}a
}General(
jCireolarl
21.1864.
a oall for aOOfOOO militia for nine montha
General Ordera, Na 90, A^Jntant-Oeneral'a Offloe, Aag. 9, 1862 ,
-Oeneral Orden, No. 121, A4Jatant.Qeneral'a Offloe, Aug. 29, 1868
Oeneral Order*, No. 67, A4iaiant.0eneral'a Offloe, Mar. 17, 1868
Oeneral Ordera, No. Ill (par. I), Adjotant-Genernl'n Offloe, Mav 1,1868 ... .
Oeneral Ordera, No. 105, A4)atant-General*a Offloe, Apr. 28, 1868
No. 54, ProToet.Marahal.OeneTal'a Offloe, Jnly 20, 1868
>Clrealar Na 85, ProToat-ICarahal-<3enerara Offloe, Sept 17. 1868
ireolar No. 101, ProToet'Hai«hal-(9enerara Offloe, Nor. 17, 1863
\Ciroalar No. 84, ProToat-Hai*hal-(^norara Offloe, Jane 30, 1863
enerml Ordera, Mo. 148, A4jatant.O«nerara Offloe, May 22, 1868
Ordera, No. 876, A^atant<}eneral*a Offloe, Nov. 21, 1868
No.8,ProToat-Manlial-Q«neriraOffloe,Jan.7,1864 ,
Cironlar No. 6, ProToat-Marahal-General'a Offloe, Mar. 8, 1865. (Seotiona
t 18^. act of Mar. 3, 1865.)
[Opinion of Solicitor of War Department, Aag. 1, 1864
[Opinion of Attoraey-Oeneral, Feb. 9, 1865
Order of ProToat-Marahal-Oeneral atopping reerniting, Apr. 29, 1865
Opinion of Judge- AdTocate-General, Sept. 10, 1863
Onneion'a call for ten eompaniea ofmilltU fhnn the Diatriot of Golamhia.
Seotion24ofaet approved Mar. 8, 1803
General Ordera, No. 49. A^Jutant^Oeaeral'a Offloe, Aog. 8, 1861. (Act
approred Jaly 22, 1861.)
Aot for relief or the Oliio and other Tolnnteen
Act of Jaly 25, 1861
Oeoenl Ordera, No. 54, AdJatanVQeneral'a Office, Aag. 10, 1861. (Aot of
Jaly 29. 1861?)
General Ordera, No. 48. Adiatant-Oeneral'a Office, Jaly 81, 1861
Act of Aag. 8, 1861. (Pablic— No. 88) .
Aot of Aog. 5, 1861. (PabUo^No. 52) .
Act of Aog. 6, 186h (PabUo-No. 68) .
Act of Aog. 6, 1861. (Publio-No. 58) .
Where pabllahed-
General OfSera, No. 15. Adiatant-Oeneral'n Offloe, Fteb. 15, 1862. (Appro-
priation ftir eompleting nefenaea of Waahington.)
Aotof Mar.ia,18n
General Ordera. No. 81, A4intaat-Oeneral*a Office, Mar. 27, 1868.
General Ordera, No. 43, Ad}atant-(3eneral'a Office, Apr. 19, 1862.
4
8
(a)
(a)
51 i
(•)
<•)
(a)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
!
52
161
2
109
654
180
187
287
291
888
482
74
ITU
170
818
1074
427
215
1084
12
1284
068
1158
1282
784
821
878
401
402
987
652
28
a Follows herein.
56 R R— SERIES m, VOL V
882 COKEE8PONDENCE, ETC.
DispoHtion of Documents 14 to 39^ accompanying the final report of the Provoti-
Marehal-Oenerat^-Cxmiiimea,
Ko.
Descriptioii.
Where pubUahad.
I
67
81
237
282
175
271
27»
280
282
3
4
39
a
»
tt
n
M
88
UM
88
IS
8U
471
1204
1228
1223
12M
1227
1227
67
80
122
14S
4<6
417
14
184
31
33
42
188
274
684
567
2
m
108
111
124
188
880
817
817
S7
859
892
a>
M
Geot^rnL Ordfim, ^V ^/^ Uttf. Ii, Ailkuiiint Genend's Office, May 18, 1802..
Geatfijil Ofdfvr*, No. E^ tptr. l). AtlJuLunt-Oenerftl't Office, May 24, 1882..
Actor Jnljr 2. 1S&3- < AilJ itlnti*t tiK^llciiil officers)
Act af July £; 1SB2, (OAthof «Eflc«^ &c 1
B*HOlutif»nof July 12. 1M2. (Poljlk- .Si 42)
Actof July 17. Itjft2. (ruUlk—No.lOOJ .
Joint reftolution of July 17, 1HC2. (Public -No. 64)
Actof JglyH, ISflS. (Ssction £0) . .
Actof July 17, IWa, <Publl&-No. IM)
Actof July 17. 1«0^. (PubUp— N*. lfj:>
GMcral Orrt*:ri, Ko*S, Adjutant General* Office, J an. 8, ld63
iivn&ral OM«<r^, K*, 7. AdJa^*ut-tjfiiJPral« Oflloe, Jan. 7, 1803
Aotof Feb. 7, 18*3, (PuliJic— Kq. Hi...
Aetof Feb.«. laoa. (Pabllc— NoSlK..
jDLntreaoIutiDiiufFvbrnHrylti. 1303. (Pnblic~No. 0)
iustof Mw. a, ISflS. iPablfc-Nd.47)..
Aetof Mar. 3. 1BC3. <Publk— Ko. fi7r
Actcif Mar. 3, 1H«3. (Public— No. Wj
Act <if XlJir. 3, im. (PubIic^>'o,64t....
G«Deril Onlfi'rA, Nit. 4(M), Ai^utaiit-Ge^acrBl'a Office, Deo. 28, 1863
IWMluUnnof Jao, Ifl, 1864... *.*,*,,.-...
Act of Feb. 24. IWW.,......,,
Oeuisral Onlem, Kit. 202. Adjutazit^GeDenl's Office, May 26. 1864
General QrAvtn, No. 215, A<0utuit-OeiHTiil*t Office, Jane ^ 1864. (Sec-
ai>na 2-b, Art cf Jane U, 1S6I.}
Act of JuJy ^^ lft«4. jPublSr— Ko. 171)
A^tof July 4. im^. (Pnliilts— Na. 108)
General Grdf^ni. No. 29, Ai^nraDt.Giitiiiral'a Office, Feb. 28, 1866
Bwolutionof Mar. ^. 1SS5, (I'ubllc— Nrt.25)
General Unliifi. Nu. 31, AdJiltATlt-G^De^al'• Office, Mar. 8, 1865)
Actof Maf.3, 1865. ^Publk- No.flU
Actof Mar. 3. 1*65. (Publics- Nu. Itl>
Actof Mftr. 3, IMS. (Public— No. 71)
Preflident i proclamatton of Apf. IS. ISK
Fre»iiWnt'a proclaiiiMtiDu of Apr. 19, ISfll
Preaidpn^Ji proclamation of Apr. 27^ IMl
Prealdi'Ut'ii procljuciatioit of May 3, IPOl
Pr««Jd«»Dt'apr«luDBticiii<}f Aug, J^^lBdl
Preafdebl'aproolanationuf An^^ 18, 1S81
Pr6ald*tit* proolamatiun of .<pr. 1(J,1W2
PrMliif dt'ft proclimiAlioTi of May JO, lASl
PrCflidivn t a proclazDailon of May 13, 1S02
Trade npilHtionn. Mnv 12. IMB
PniiaideciL AproolarDatJon of May 19. IB^S
PreAiduisl'a proclamation of July 1, ISflU
PreAldpDt a proctaioAtlon ftf Julv 25, \M2-
rreeWentsprwUmattouDf S*'ifT.22JJWJ
FreridentaproclamattDDftf Sf-pt.24, lHtt2
PreeldHi^'i proclamatioa of Jiin. I. 1BC;[
Prettdftot 4 prooluDfttion of Mar. in, 1M3
l*t««tdeiiL'iproclaiDatJ(»iiof Mar- 30, 1SQ3
Pi'eALdeDt ■ prodamatioa of Apr. 2, iaC:L
Pr^ldentaprootaiaAtioZkof Apr;20, IflfH.
rYMldeniaproclamatiot] of MAy e,1SS3.
rMldeDtapi-oclauiatioQiOf JiLtiol^. lliG3
General Orfifa, No. 315, ArUutant-General** Otiice, Sept. 17, 1868 ,
PmideDt'aproclaoiatlooofSr'pt. 1^ lft6J-
rreaidcnfa proclAuiatiou of fkipt. 24, 1893.
Prmideiii'a prorlaiuation of Oct. 3, 1803
PnaUMsfapTDciamaLioaufOct. IT, iMi
Pnatdent ji pnKlaniation of l*ec. 6, l^ca
Pnakdeut'n proclanaatlnn af Dw, 10, iSGa, diaoontlnalng dieoriminating
dutka Qft^juuaire. (Stc m r*'*'petrtft YORHela of Kicaragaa.a
Prwldeot sproclftinatioaof l'<^k Itt, ISW.
PrHJdeuL'B|vroclamatiotiorMiir. 26, JA04
Onierof Ibe Fre«<fdt?ut of M^iy in, IK'll, vithdrawiDg ooniinlar functions
from Cburlea Hunt, couptil f'or Hfllicmrii at Saint Loaia, Mo.a
rrveldoDt'apracUmatJomof July 5. l^£U . *
rr*^deijl»proclaniatioiicfJuIy 7, lfl64
PresldQDt'« prodamaUon of July ^ ^EU
Frasld^nt's proolamaUon of July IS, 18*4 ,
PrenidCTil » proclamation of Aug. 18, IS&l, making Newport, Vt., a port
of exporfation a
Fnaldenl'i pnclaoiatioa of Oct. ::e>, ISIU ,
1»
1113
38 U 189
4 ; 475
4 I 477
4 ' 515
788
a Omitted.
UNION AUTHOBITIES.
883
Di^poaition of Documents U to 99, accompanying the final report of the Prowmt'
Marshal-Oeneral — Continaea.
No.
DeioripUoii.
Where pabliahed.
i
PTeiiide]ii*tproola3iMtkmofOet.Sl, 1S64, admltAiBicKevMUa
PrMidMit'ipf<DolMMti<mofNoT.19,lM4
Preddent'sproolametionof Dec. 19. 1M4
Preeident'i'prooljuiiAtion of Jan. 10, 18«, making Saint Albana, Yt., aport
ofexportallon.a
GeD«ralOrderi.Ko.».A^ntant.Oenena'a()Aoe,7eb.l7,1866
Preaident'aproolamAtSonofMar. 11, 1M6
Praeiden t' a proeUmatlon of If ar. 17, 1 865
Bewardaforarreatof felona, Apr.4, 1865o 4
PraaldenVaprooUmationof Apr. 11, IMft
FraaideaVaproeUuBallonof Apr. 11, 1865
Px«aident*a proolamation of Apr. 11, 1865 ,
ExecntlTe order of A nr. 29, 1865
PreaideDt'aproclamatumoflfaya, 1865
Oriirr naolsdingngnlatliina prohltiltlofc mxportation of arma, Jtc., May 8,
Earf^cuti^oorderof May t, 1155, ,,.„.,,.-,
PrMkd(«qt> jiTDcl&iEutioii of ISity 10, 1)^5 ,
Frasidf^nfa prDclajDHtlou oTMay 23, IJ^ .
Frfiiild'tDt'a procLnniiiiJDD nf Miiy ^ I@C5
G«Pf<r«l Oriifn*, Ni>. 107, Atyiitant GftD^^rBla iL^flloe, June 2, 1865
G«m«rLl Ord enj, >" o , J ] P, A (Q u i an t Gen«rai '» Office, June 7, 1866
Prp^idtMjt'ii i>roclamntiaD of Juiia 13, liCfi.i, ,
Prt«ldi?Dt'iipToeJaruati(^ii nT jui]«ia, IMdb
Previdtiut'A firociamaUod of June It, iS^b *..,
Pr«#ld«nt'A proclamation of Jum&l^, lBffl56 „.
Prtsidenl i pPOCIamallTjti of JanuiSl, 1W5& ,.,
Preflldcut'a proc1ftruAtJi>D of JFiDi^£3, ISW,,.
PnaldeELt'q prriclAnjaLk.c of JuisflSK IMo
PreiJdeDra proclaniatibo of Arii^d;^ 20, Id^.. ,
PrMldent'n proi'lamfttUjij of i)c t 12, lM&.
l'rf*njdfl|jE's pftxIamAtion of Ajsr. 3^, JPtifl ,
Kovirtfrtl Koj^uliUoim, ProvoitMarnbal G**ii(T3ira BoYeao, Sept. 1, 1864* .,
CaatialcJeala JProvunt-MAmhal Ueji^ml'aJJureaao
Liat of peraonawbo put inrepreaentatire recmita, and namea of recmita e
•41
1002
1177
1220
1242
5
5
4
6
49 U
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
107
107
1200
105
660
4
18
18
106
87
49
61
108
87
87
87
87
100
104
108
126
1007
061
a Omitted. b Same aa May 29, 1865, with neceaaary changea.
Document No. 80.
tfFoUowa herein.
Necessity for a change in the method of raising troops.
From the results of the draft above disciissed and of the call pre-
ceding it for 300,000 volunteers, it became apparent that, without
further legislation, the armies could not be sufficiently strengthened
to prosecute the war successfully and that in the re-enforcements
which had been and were being furnished a ruinous inequality was
arising among the different States and districts.
The necessity for a change of system in raising troops was recog-
nized by President Lincoln, as shown by a letter from him dated
August 4, 1862, to Count A. de Gasparin, from which the following is
an extract:
Hence onr sreat Army • • • has dwindled rapidly, brin^^ing the neceesity
for a new call earlier than was anticipated. We shall easily obtain the new levy,
howeyer. Be not alarmed if yon shall learn that we shall have resorted to a draft
for i^rt of this. It seems strange even to me, but it is trae, that the Gk>yemment
is now pressed to this coarse by a popular demand. Thonsands who wish not to
personally enter the service are nevertheless aiudous to x>ay and send sabstitntes,
*As published with the final report of the ProYost-Marshal-G^eneral, these
Regnlanons differ in some respects from those printed in Vol. IV, this series, n.
651 ef 9eq. A comparison with Honse Ezecntiye Document No. 1, Thirty-ninth
Congress, first session, Vol. IV, Part II, p. 276 et seg, will disclose the differences.
884 COBBBBPONDENCE, ETC.
nroyided ^bej can hAve assorance that unwilling persons similarly situated will
oe oompellea to do likewise. Besides this, Tolnnteers mostly cnooee to enter
newly nnrmed regimento, while drafted men can be sent to fill the old ones,
wherain, man for man, they are qnite doably as valnable.
This subject reoeived the early attention of the Congress which
assembled in December, 1862. The following extracts from the
remarks of distinguished Senators and Members of the House present
correctly and forcibly the importance of the subject:
To fin the thinned ranks of onr battalions we mnst again call upon the people.
The ^Tww|«n«ft numbers already sommoned to the field, the soaroity an^ high
rewards of labor, press npon all of ns the conviction that the ranks of our wasted
resiments cannot be filled asnin br the old system of yolnnteering. If rolimteers
wul not respond to the call of tne country, then we most resort to the involnn-
tarv system. (Senator Henrv Wilson. )
Yolnnteers we cannot obtam and eyerrthinff forbids that we shonld resort to
the temporary expedient of calling out the mmtia. Such a call would waste the
resources ana absorb the energies and increase but little the military forces of the
country. The needs of the Nation demand that we should rely not upon volunteer-
ing, nor upon cidling forth the militia, but that we should fill the regiments now
in the fiela, worn aaci wasted by disease and death, by enrolling and drafting the
popoulation of the country under the constitutional autiiority to raise and sup-
port armies. (Senator Henry Wilson.)
I agree with the Senator from Massachusetts that it is necessary to fill up the
ranks of our Army, and that it is necessary there should be a conscription bilL
(Senator Richardson.)
Now, in refoad to this conscription question, I will say, for myself, that I
regretted much, when this war was first organized, that the conscription rule did
not obtain. I went from the extreme east to the extreme west of the loyal States.
I found some districts where some bold leaders brought out all the young men
and sent them or led them to the field. In other districts— and they were the
most numerous— the people made no movement toward the maintenance of the
war; there were whole towns and cities, I may say, where no one volunteered to
shoulder a mudrot and no one offered to lead them into the service. The whole
business has been unequal and wrong from the first. The rule of ooD8criptio&
shotdd have, been the rule to bring out men of all classes and make it equal
throughout t^e country; and therein the North has failed. (Senator McI>ouga]L )
The necessity for a bul of the character of that under consideration has long
existed. I think it would have been far better for the country if it had been
enacted at the extra session in July, 1861. For a want of a general enrollment of
the forces of the United States and a systematic calling out of thoee farces, we
have experienced all the inconveniences of a volunteer system, with its enormoos
expense, ill discipline, and irregular efforts, and have depended upon spaamodie
efcorts of the people, elated or depressed by the varying fortunes of war or the
rise or fall of popular favorites in the Army. I believe I hazard nothing in saying
that we should have lost fewer men in the field and from disease and been much
nearer the end of this destructive war had we earlier availed ourselves of the
power conferred by the Constitution and at last proposed to be adopted by this
Dill. For short and irregular efforts no force can oe better than a volunteer army.
With brave and skillful officers and a short and active term of service, volunteer
troops aro highly eiBcient. But when a war is to last for years, as this will hays
done, howler soon we mav see its termination, it must depend for its succen
upon regular and systematic forces. Thinned regiments must be filled up; othei^
wise we may have the spectacle of a vast array of troops noon paper, nominally
representing an enormous force, while little but the sheU of an organization
remains. Such filling up is not possible to an^ defijee under the volunteer system.
as the Government has had occasion to know in this war, because fresh volunteers
g refer to organize into raiments of their own forming, whero they have a voice
1 ate creation of their ofSoers, and hence some hopes of immuni^ from the toils
of war, or a blindness to many faults destructive to military discipline. The
consequence is that, by means of discharges, sick-leaves, deathis, and the varions
aooidcaits of war, it will in many cases take four or five regiments, if consolidated,
to make one full one. Supemumeriuy officers are x>aid out of the public purse
for sendees they are not called upon to perform, and new officers, lacking experi-
ence, are in charge of the new and, hence, full regiments, when the older and
experienced officers would be moro efficient and make more effective use of the
new troops if they had the disciplining and leading of them.
UNIOK AUTHORITIES. 886
These consideratioiis show the inherent weaknees of the Tolonteer system. Our
Government is the only power on earth that depends upon volnntoer foroes
to oondnot a protracted war. £yen the rebels, ox the same political traditions
with onrselves, severed from this Republic, early in the war discarded the idea of
inaintainiTig the war by volunteer forces, and resorted to a dnft. thus imitating
the XSnropean governments, who have brought the art of war to toe perfection of
a positive scienoe. It has been repeatedly insisted by eminent BnropiBan military
gentlemen that our Government must fau if it relied upon the volunteer force for
the protracted effort needed to subdue the flames of this vast civil war. Aside
from the enormous cost entailed, absorbing the monetary resources of the Govern*
ment, they insisted that the necessary discipline could not be had; that however
Cmt our volunteer soldiery— and none nave ever disputed that qualify— the
est efficiency of the soldier could only be secured when he was under the
complete control of the oiganising power, and had learned to know what vol-
unteers can never be taught— that obedience is as necessary a qualify as courage.
Perhaps it is too late to learn the lesson of experience and remedy the defects
of the present system. It is certainly not too late, unless it is too late to save the
Republic.
The practical operation of the volunteer system has been that the earnest lovers
of the country among the people, the haters of the rebellion, the noblest and best
of our citisens, have left their homes to engage in this war to sustain the Oonsti-
tution; while tiie enemies of civil liberty, those who hate the Government and
desire its failure in this struggle, have staid at home to embamuss it by discon-
tent and clamor. By this system we have had the loyal States drained of those
who could be relied upon in all political contests to sustain the Government;
going forth to fight the manly foe m front, the covert foe left behind has opened
a fire in the rear. Under the garb of democracy, a name that has been so oefiled
and prostituted that it has become synonymous with treason and should hence-
forth be a byword and hissing to the American people, these demagogues in this
hall and out of it have traduced the Government, misrepresented the motives of
loyal men, gnashed their teeth at measures designed to crush out treason and
punish traitors, and, by misrepresentinff the objects of the war, led ignorant snp-
i sorters and constituencies to refrain nrom enlistments and into an attitude of
loetilify to the Administration that must cause glee in Jeff. Davis' dominions and
in hell itself. Even the measores of taxation necessary to raise tiie means to imv
the soldier Ids hard-earned pittance have been made the subject of stereofyped
harangues, calculated to excite sectional discord and inaugurate the " revolution
in the North," which these men have over and over threatened acnUnst the Gov-
ernment and by such jmbUo proclamation in effect promised to Jeff. Davis toad
that part of his supporters operating in the rebel States. The system of voluntary
enlistments has Im these men full scope for their nefarious work, and it would
be strange if this bill found favor in their eyes. The operation of the bill would
be to cause the burden of this onerous jnxbUo service to fall evenly upon the
country, and require of the semi-loyal that he perform his duty. The Duoness of
discouraging enlistments would be done away with. It is a pity that our mistaken
system has ever given it scope. The bill goes uixm the pTesumjption that every
citizen not incapacitated by physical or mental disability owes military service to
the country in its hour of extremity, and that it is honorable and praiseworthy to
render such service. (Hon. Mr. Sargent.)
In a letter to the Gk)vemor of New York, dated Augnst 7, 1863,
President Lincoln says:
We cannot match the rebels in recruiting our armies if we waste time to
re-exp«riment with the volunteer system, alziady deemed by Congress, and pal-
pably, in fact, so far exhausted as to be inadequate.
The replies from the Governors of several of the States to the Presi-
dent's first call for troops, dated April 15, 1861, are further testimony
as to the insufficiency of the laws then governing for raising tromis
and the necessity for legislation of the kind subsequently had. The
replies are as foUows, viz:
From Grovemor Letcher, of Virginia:
The militia of Yizginia will not be furnished to the powers at Washington for
any such use or purpose as they have in view. Your object is to subjugate the
Southern States, and a requisition made upon me for such an object— an object,
in my judgment, not within the purview of the Ck>nstitution or the act of 1790 —
886 COBBBBPOHDENCrX, ETC.
win not be complied with. Toa hare chosen to inaugurate ciTil war» aiid« haT-
inff done bo, we will meet it in a spirit as determined as the Administoafeioa hss
euibited toward the Sonth.
From Governor Ellis, of North Carolina:
Yonr dispatch is received, and, if gennine— which its eztraoirdinary chancier
leads me to doubt— I have to say in replythat I regard the levy of trooiM made bj
the Administration for the purpose of subjugating the States of the South as in
violation of the Constitution and a usurpation of power. I can he no party to
this wicked violation of the laws of the country and to this war upon the nberties
of a free people. You can get no troops from North Carolina. I will reply mora
in detail when your call is received by mail.
From Governor Magoffin, of Kentucky:
Your dispatch is received. In answer I say, emphatically, KentucW win fnr^
msh no troops for the wicked purpose of subomng her sister Southern States.
From Gk)vemor Harris, of Tennessee:
Tennessee will not furnish a single man for coercion, but 50,000, if necessary,
for ^e defense of our rights or those of our Southern brethren.
Governor Jackson, of Missouri:
Your requisition is illegal, unconstitutional, revolutionary, inhuman, diabol-
ical, and cannot be complied with.
From Governor Rector, of Arkansas:
None will be furnished. The demand is only adding insult to injury.
It may be interesting to state the fact that, notwithstanding the
positive refusals contained in the foregoing replies to furnish troops
for the €k>vemment service, the people of the States named furnished
troops for the U. S. service as foUows:*
Virginia (including what is now West Virginia) 81,888
North Carolina 4,858
Kentucky 75,514
Tennessee 98,787
Missouri (in addition to a large number of home guards, Missouri State
MiUtia) 104,884
Arkansas 5,478
DOCUXSNT No. 81.
^'On the 9th day of the eighth month, in the vear 1757, at night,
orders came to the mHitaiy officers in our county (Burlington) direct-
ing them to draft the militia and prepare a number of men to go as
soldiers to the relief of the English at Fort William Heniy, in New
York government. A few days after there was a general review of
the militia at Mount Holly, and a number of men chosen and sent off
under some officers. Shortly after there came orders to draft thi«e
times as many, to hold themselves In readiness to march when fresh
orders came; and on the 17th day of the eighth month there was s
meeting of the military ofQcers at Mount Holly, who agreed on a draft,
and orders were sent to the men so chosen to meet their respective
captains at set times and places — ^those in our township to meet at
Mount Holly, amongst whom were a considerable number of our
society. My mind being affected herewith, I had fresh opportunity
to see and consider the advantage of living in the real substance A
religion, whore practice doth harmonize with principle. Among the
officers are men of understanding, who have some regard to sincerity
where they see it; and in the execution of their office, when they have
*But see revised statements, Vol. IV, this series, p. 1M8.
UKIOH AUTH0RITIB8. 887
men to deal with whom they believe to be upright-hearted, to put them
to trouble on account of scruples of conscience is a painful task, and
likely to be avoided as much as easily may be. But where men pro-
fess to be so meek and heavenly-minded and to have their trust so
firmly settled in God that they cannot join in wars, and yet by their
spirit and conduct in common life manifest a contrary disxKisition,
their difficulties are great at such a time. Officers, who in great
anxiety are endeavoring to get troops to answer the demands of their
superiors, seeing men who are insincere pretend a scruple of con-
science in hopes of being excused from a dangerous employment, ai*e
likely to handle them roughly. In this time of commotion some of
our young men left the parts and tarried abroad till it was over;
some came and proposed to go as soldiers; others appeared to have a
real tender scruple in their mind against joining in wars, and were
much humbled under the apprehension of a trial so near. I had con-
versation with several of these to my satisfaction. At the set time
when the captain came to town, some of those last mentioned went
and told him, in substance, as follows: That they could not bear arms
for conscience sake; nor could they hire any to go in their places,
being resigned as to the event of it. At length the captain acquainted
them all that they might return home for the present, and required
them to provide themselves as soldiers and to be in readiness to march
when called upon. This was such a time as I had not seen before,
and yet I may say, with thankfulness to the Lord, that I believed
this trial was intended for our good, and I was favored with resigna-
tion to Him."
888
CORRESPONDENCE, Bl'C.
O ffi n ^
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UNION AUTHORITIES.
889
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COBBBHPONUENCE, ETC.
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893
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896
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896
C0BRE8P0NDBNCE, £TC.
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UNION AUTHOBITIES.
897
i ill ii'ii Hi i 1 1 i mi ti iUiiu Uiiuii
^ _^^5(5 ^^SS< ..^35-^ ^.^ ;fl -<j ^ P«<S'^ W*^ S^iid^Sl^SS ii^-^caS^Ra^ii
f alii aflacSa£c?*2 = MfS£*e(^°a.sadpfigdP
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iiiiiiiiiSiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiliiiii
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i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i il ! i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
57 B B^-SBRIBS III, VOL V
898
C0BRB8P0NDENCB, ETC.
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899
il i uitiii
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900
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COSBKSPONDBNCE, £10.
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906
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906
COBBESPONDEMCK, ETC.
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907
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908
COBBESPONDKNCE, ETC.
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UHION AUTHORITIES.
909
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COBBESPONDENCE, ETC.
I
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UKION AUTHORITIKS.
911
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912
DOCUMBMT No. 85.
Laws relative to the raising of troops,
(Section 24 of act approved March 8, 1808.)
Sbc. 24. That the President of the United States be aathorized and
empowered, on an invasion, or insurrection, or probable prospect
thereof, to call forth such a nnmber of militia, and from such county,
and in such a manner, whether by routine of duty or otherwise, as he
may deem proper; and for the accommodation, equipment, and sup-
port of the militia so at any time to be called forth, the Pi^esident of
the United States may appoint such quartermasters, commissaries,
and other staff as to him shall seem proper, and to fix their pay and
allowances, and shall also take such measures for procuring, trans-
porting, and issuing all orders which may be necessary. Orders for
the militia to be called forth as aforesaid shall be sent to the com-
manding officer of the District of Columbia, with a notification of the
place or places of rendezvous, who shall immediately take measures
for detaching the same, with the necessary number and ranks of offi-
cers, by detail and rotation of duty or otherwise, as he may be ordered.
Whenever any militia shall be called forth into actual service as
aforesaid, they shall be governed by the Articles of War whicii govern
the troops of the United States. And courts-maitial shall be held as
therein are directed, to be comiKXsed of militia officers only, for the
trial of any person in the militia; but to the cashiering of any officer,
or capital punishment of any person, the approbation of the P^'esident
of the United States shall be necessary. And when any militia shall
be in actual service, they shall be allowed the same pay and rations
as are allowed to the militia of the United States. If a sudden inva-
sion shall be made into either county in this District, or in case of an
insurrection in either county, the commanding officer of the militia of
the District, or of such county, is hereby authorized and required to
order out the whole or such part of the militia as he may think neces-
sary, and in such manner as he may think best, for repelling or sup-
pressing such invasion or insurrection; and shall call on Sie com-
manding officers of the adjacent counties for such aid as he may
think necessary, who shall forthwith and in like manner furnish the
same; and in the event of any militia ordered out by a commanding
officer of the county, or of the District, as herein authorized, such
officer shall immediately notify the same, and the cause thereof, to
the commanding officer of the District, or to the President of the
United States, as the case may require.
Document No. 88.
Casualiies.
CatualUes among the employ of the Provost-Marahal-OeneraVa Bureau, wkSe
in the performance of their legal dutiee, apprehending deserters, enirMng and
drafting the national forces, dte.
Killed 88
Wounded , 60
Total 96
Injured in proi)erty in addition to the above 12
The above includes only the employes proper of the Bureau, and
does not embrace the losses among ti*oops and special forces employed
in suppressing riots, and whose i*eports of casualties have been made
through the ordinary military channels.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 913
DOCXTMSNT No. 80.
List of persons who put in representative recruits, and names of recruits *
MAINB.
District
Flpmt...
Fifth...
Ttni..
Do.
Do.,
Do..
Fonrtli.
Fint...
Do..
Do..
Do..
8«ooDd .
Fourth .
Do..
Do..
Do..
Fifth...
Fizvt ...
Do..
Fifth...
Fint...
Do..
Do..
Fifth...
Do..
Thiid...
First...
Fourth .
Third...
Fifth...
Firtt...
Do..
Second .
Third ..
Fourth .
Do..
Third...
Fifth...
First ...
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Seoond .
Do..
Fourth .
Fifth...
Do..
First...
Second..
Fifth...
First...
Do..
Do..
Fourth .
Do..
Fifth...
Do..
First...
Do..
Fifth...
First...
Fonrth .
Fifth...
First...
Do..
Jivnm (jf prinalpM.
2f ftma of ncrait.
Fnnois P. Adsms . . . .
Nehamiah Abbott....
John B. Brown. ......
Bdward P. Bnmluun .
Janes Baily
Henry Bonney
JohnJSntlar.
Samuel A. Barker
George W. Cobb
Rensselaer Cnm
Cyras 8. Clark
JeaseDyer
A. K. P. Dixon
George B. Dale
Jamea Dunning
.....do
....do
J. O. Dickerson
BnfaaGibba
-W :.- ■. '.'.'.
If j-<9 M^rl^ T. lIi!r5By.
Rolw.'.rr. J[o]v(jke.,
T, C. HuraAi'
Pfiul K, Hajlplthip ,
Prefl'.''ci ft H mt I line ....
Eahr.irti Hnwe^..
G«c>''£a E. B. Ju-tnon .
WilliiiTn Jawel!...
E'h'tard C Lijwo ......
Murk H. tiifkla
N.nhank-IJ.MiUt-r...
Jn .,h M^riHUn ...
T|- ■' . ". '-:...'..■.■ ...
CI
E
Fi iuii. :iii ill i*ff.y . ...
Jfrthna- Kye ..',., —
8fc].--rf,iel NIck^n-.;u..
Jotm C. ProcUir.......
J<.fjn P. rorly „,..,...
SaiuuiillT^Poriy,*
do
E.N.Perry
A.J.Potter
EeubenD.PraU
JoabW. Palmer
Aagastus Perry
William O. Poor
Hoeea J. Boblnson ....
Charles Biohardson . . .
Andrew J. Boss
Samuel E. Spring
Andrew Spring
Andrew S. Sawyer —
Isaiah Stetson
George Stetson
Albert Small
Jamea E. Stinson
William W. Thomaa . .
Hananiah Temple
J. B. Talbot
George W. Woodman .
Aaron A. Wing
Henry Whiting
Abner Lowell
St. John Smith
Michael Bjon
Thomaa May
George Francis
Henrr B.King
Franilin H. Kiton . . .
8. Tt. "noar.-ft
Hfrpj iijiv ..,****....
Emery C. Diinn..
fiugtiDDlaty ....
Rarlly D. Lc<i}Dard ...
Gt^fiTgo N. Ptielpn.....
Jotm Daiinlrr ....
N.W. FurweU
Lttrinje ileiTiU .......
Jimes M^honry ......
KlcliiiM Ftrth
JanienH. DalTj
Bc^^nuamJii Sprague....
Daiiioi B. JackBOD....
Tlioma* Wllaon ..
"^'illifiiN C. Boyd
Is^l..,>■^ A . «-i\JWIl
EllSt.Julien
George H. Band
John Wilkinson
Jo>iT) T>«iT]nr, ..,.,
Dftvrri \Vfh>dbiiry.
Jcliii i^ifnn .
Al Fah M. Todng
WlLlL&m J. ShATixj....
Hiauklah Gi:v«ii3law ..
l^itaoF. Folly
yjllnntinA R. J^ckilrirn
E. P.Croahy^..
Aodrt>w H, Forter. - -
J ixEEififl A' l>urgan. . . .
Fr*DkUn L. P«rkliu. .
C<i*«>rgoC. Tracy. -..*-
I nai^ne Manly
GcorjfbN. Floyd
GiLrdTner B. Boynroo ,
Gt-orae N". Furbiish, . ,
JitbnMcCJlrty
][]raTii Dowhb ,
Gtorge A, Prcbl*. ...
JiiHse L. Lyford**
(hiirloi* Be>lfilM]t ,--.,,
J! il w.i P'll StoiLo* ,,,»., H
A.J. Jto«4
Lewie Bone
A.D. Lockwood
Andrew Spearin
Charlea Bunard
David H. Leighton ...
Frederick Hardy
Thomaa E.Wiggin...
Jamea A. Strout.
Henry Stokea
Joseph DrisooU
Stephen Noyea, Jr . . . .
Joseph Wilbur
Jamea Burgess
Daniel Hennessy
George S. Snllivan. . . .
CaiTin J. Sergeant . . .
George Dance
JohnJonee
AMLil«ti«A o£ prla^LpaL
Newfleld.
Bellhst.
Portland.
Saoo.
Portland.
Lewlaton.
Do.
Bangor.
Weetbrook.
Porthmd.
Do.
Do.
Lewlaton.
Do.
Do.
Bdfaat
Brldgton.
New Gloucester.
Penobeoot
Portland.
Do.
Do.
Belftet
Do.
Waterrille.
Portland.
Bangor.
Waterrille.
Deer Isle.
Portland.
Do.
Phillips.
WatervUle.
Baneor.
WatervUle.
Belikat
Portland.
Brldgton.
Naples.
Do.
Cape EUsabetl-
Ba&
Lewiston.
Bangor.
Belfaat.
Do.
Portland.
Lewiston.
Belfant.
Portland.
Do.
Cape Elisabeth.
BelfiMt.
Deerlalcw
Portland.
Saoo.
EastMachias.
Portland.
Bangor.
Ellsworth.
Portland.!
Portland.!
*In oonnection with this list see remarks of ProYost-Marshal-Ctoeral , under
the head of *^ Representative reomits," p. 049.
t Added since preparation of original list.
58 R R— SERIES m, VOL V
914 CORBESPOKDENCfi, ETC.
IM ofperwna who put in repremrUoHve reeruUs, and names of reenctto— Omf d.
KSW HAMPSHIBX.
Plttrlot,
^■iai« of pHiwlpkL
KMDse of recruit.
Realdemoe of priacSpaL
First
BeooDd
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Tbiid..
Seoond
Do.
Do.
Third.,
filpoond
Do.
Third.,
flaoond
First..
Saoond
Do.
Do.
Do.
First..
Seooiid
Do.
Third..
OOBI
Do.
Do
Do.
Third..
Second
Do.
O.
Robert Bradford
Ch«rlea H. Brooks
Thomas S. Bizby
Robert B. CarsweU
Andrew 0. Cochran. . .
Eraatoa B. Olaggatt. . .
HoodT Carrier
BeneiDiirkee
Hosea Eaton
laaaoElweU
Herman Foster
William W. George .. .
Eli8.Hant
Israel Herrick
Solomon B.Jones
Thomaa Little
Bei^amin F. Martin. . .
Hnmphrey Moore
KanoyMoitire
▲.P. Morrison
K. G, Ortiwiy
Hetory rojjn?r
Borira Putter .....
Btlwaxd H. KolliDS
Daniel Ricbardnou....
Ei^kifll A. Rtrav
Fitxlorirk Smith
Edward I'.SHding...
Alb'STtSoifrh...
B*TiJftraJtJ SraStb.
G«<>rf<^ r, "\Vb*>(*l«r
Jusl»li Wtuwli^r
John Williams
John Scott
Charles H. Bobiason.
Charles E. Wells....
John Brown
Patrick Mollen
HnghMoGalre
Charles Clarke
William GUson
George Hntohiuson .
James McKeerer . . .
Alonso M. Flanders .
Monroe Clongh
George AdsxDS
JohnJiorgan
George Vnllii
FranK Clark
George B. Jenness. . .
Almond Lord
W""— '-^ — "^
^ .. :. .. -■■■' ■■■■':^
JfniH'rt K'lLiiTinua ......
Charlr-B Xoff.
JOft{?ph Be MAfce . ....
Edwin F. Deiter...-
Joba Wniittrae
Eiivr'urd B. Li'onari] . .
Bel ward F. Brown...
Edward O^Coon^r...,
B('iija.itilii MocmIj . ...
Char|peHilK,._
Cb*Tles H. Liitlfrfleld
Chuiat Camp b«ll ... .
Maneliestsr, ward t.
Franoestowa.
WearsL
Peterborough
Ly - * ■
Croydon.
Newlpswisli.
Concord.
Manchester.
Peterborongh.
Ljndeboroogh.
wsshiagUm.
Peterborough.
Maacbester.
Milford.
Manchester.
Peterborough
Waraer.
Portsmouth.
Ccmeord.
Lebanon.
Manoheatar.
Do.
LyndeboroQgh.
PeterborongL
Lebanon.
Peterboroiagh.
LyndeboroQgh.
YEBMONT.
District.
Name of prinoipaL
Name of reoralt.
Period of
aerriee.
Second
Bethro W. Bartholomew ... .
do.'
A sa H. Pepper, .,,..-.^.,t-.
'^
Do
Thomaa F.I&.ThaTber
Third. T
L. J. Bishop
Syearm.
Ifint
George Chipman
Edward Doocherty
Do
A. J. Downing ,.
Peter Barrtftt......
Do
Mrs. MarrH. Dana
Do
S.P.Giddings
George Gregory
Do.
WfiiiMi T fr«n
Patrick MoCmui
Do
L.B.Hnrd
PanlEglin
Do:;:::::::::::::::::::
Job Lyman
Charles Price
Do.
Do
Horace Loomis...-....^.Tr
HollisTynm
Do.
Sooond
Hon. Justin a MorrlU
Chester Pierce
Charlee Parment«r . ........
Do.
Do
Do.
C.K.W. Strong
Jbums T. Maybnry
Do
John H. Sqoiar.
Jordan Parker. ..'.
Do
Ramnel A/Wilkins
Elisha Walker
MASSACHTTSBTTS.
District.
Name of principal.
Name of recmit.
Date of
ealistmeal
First
Samuel Atwall
David Ross
Dec il,llll
flMWIul
Mrs. Ebm Adans
Aag.Il.lMt
Sepl 1.1MI
Not. M, 194
Do
Dr.K Alden
Do
Mrs. James H. Anthony
Mrs. Wymaa AberaromMe. .
Joaeah W. Abora
Stephen Barry
Do
BobOTtPigotta
Fourth
Jctenh TtiTtchinAon
AQg.»,llU
Oct. 1A.IW4
Do
Frands Amory
TjAWlM JOD6A. •••.•••.•••••••
Do
.....do ....
Isom Newton
Oct. llk1W4
Do
do
Robert Johnaoo.....
Dee. IIM
Do
do
Lawson Msdison
Dec. 118S4
Do
BobertKApthorp
Jesse Wyatt
Jan. I^IMS
mnON AUTHORITIES.
915
IM ofpenona who jmi in nprtaenioHm reeruits^ and namet of reomiU Coiit*d«
MASaJLCHUSSTTS-Coiitfaiiud.
Foaiih.
Do..
Do..
Do..
Sixth...
Do..
Do..
Do..
Scvmtli.
Nisth..
Tteth...
Do..
Do..
SIglith.
First...
Do..
Do..
Seoond..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Third...
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Fourth .
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Fifth...
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Sixth...
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
SOTODth
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
SIfhth..
Do..
Do..
PMllJLdMM
Alex.Afuais
B.G.AIden
H.O.Apthorp
Mn.Klith*Itki]ia ,
Ooorgo 8. Adams ,
DsniSlAllMi
WilllsmB.Allflii
Henry CAllta
JnstinW.aAllas
JsmesT.Amso
Wiliiam C. AllflB
WiUism S. Ames
JohnH.Aldrtoh
Chsrleo C. BeATce
Henry H. leaker
Horstio Bmtows
DsTidH-Bstes
SilAS P. Urigfs
De Witt CuiDtoii Betes. . . .
John Brewster ,
EUesaBeeles
Z.L.BickneU
SdmnndBayleee
Mrs. B. L. Bayleee
Tnnimi L. Bnllu-e!
ChkrJ'^H A. tUlw«H'k
Th^HTiiMi J. Itji Slim tt *..,--
8*rnnH (J. B«iwilleiu',, ....
Mrn. ft", ,r, Iki wdilch . , , , .
John A. fiiim^iAin
Hrif. J. A. Burn ti&in
MJik J^nals ]>. Hiirtthua,.
Mi-nei ^uH^JJ. BurDh&m.^,
Jobn A ^ Uarohjim, Jf . . —
P. A. Bnice ....,..,
Alb^jrt liQwki*r.
Jc'La A- HlftBohfcrd,,.,,,,.
Ut IL I. l3ow«jSt<?h
Mr».01JTl*Bow4itcb ,,...
MiAs QUw\M Y. ttowdltoh .
Chbfles B«ek. . . ,
K. BoTBton ..„
Mm. ii. Bojnton ^. .
Honry Bai^croiTt ».
TifiborL JiioukiiQQse ..^....
John Bertram
Mary A. Bertram
Annie P. Bertram
JniTjp'i Frmm . _ .****,***.
iJaiiM I I. likJtford..*
Gt«irK^^li Bullej-
.D«t.ter Bryuit ,..„.,._.,
H. A. lirpdd ,
N. W. BHiiga....
WiJlUni J.TJfidB....
Cbarlcfl V.BeTntu
ilm. Hendry W. BImIow..,
WIUJahi ElJery BrlgJit...
Jonathait B. BHi^h^ ,
Ctiarli^t^ Bgroh&nl. .......
Wmiam A, BfcJcom. ......
Joseph H. flming*-.
Jofm BiJiT ,****,„,.„„.
Ji(ki?kt>4Q Barr .,„..-,,,^.
leubio G. Bramim
Hinam Bftrker .*,.„.
Dfliiji*! Bflixf«r
G**tn-j£«> H. Bttnoki
Jofepb £r«G^ ^-
WiUiamD.Bickfoid
8. D. Bei^Jamin
Mazy Benjamin
Zenoe Brown
Benjamin Brown
Ira Broad
George W. Daseem
WfUfiim B.Boyd
Blohard Flowers
FranUin Orlflin
JohnMoCarpenter. . .
Simon Erans
James Johnson
BmettBoton
Frank Craskey
Be^iaminFols
BeiUamin Brooks . . . .
Bdward BoMnson ...
Pinokney Jonrdan . . .
John Kirk
James Leri
Shadrach Fr«ynor . . .
Lafhyetto Clark
BobwtJamison
John Weaver
Howard White
Dabner Lewis
Dennis Biley
Frank Bobinson
Lawrence Tamer. . . .
Trimns WadUns
John Keys
Bdwardfieekey
Ssndy Simons
Fleming Briffgs
Bdward TaTlor
Jftn-fli Stf tl9 . ....
Anrinu- SiuMnri
BifiKlcrann Kt^iltT ...
BkhAnl StJiV(?-na. ....
ClAybLim Wilnoii....
Qeori:? ^ajiblD|c;!ion .
G(^o^£o Kinir . . ......
Kirhani WillUrart ...
jDhti H. Dlfigfl
Jotjti Hodc<>--
GUt^TtHaldwiR
Gr— T> \V..r.y,,f.. ....
C ....
\\ , ,.1,
fci^ij'.^v. 1;l,j.:l:
John Brown .........
Sftmnel Aj«
Bob(?rte Fort
Wsiltiiun R4jbe"i^
JlllUfSt H^JIptD. .. .....
Jjk'it'pb Ain;l,^r*nii ....
rieauDt Spndley . . .
Simon Brans
Alexander Jackeon. .
William Parsons
Robert Morgan
Simon WfnrOham. . . . .. .
Pet^rWlUlBiiu....
BlijBh I{ot>«n0
MHrEio DflTJifl...
David Stozin... ...
Henry J. Scarborough .
Jobn C- SiropKQD. ......
WiilUni WiJIa^n
Bichird JiurA
Tlimithy Ikidswi
WmiAiaH^Smitb
John T, BobersoQ . , —
CoDnelHolt ...........
Kobert SsTsgft
WllUuBComo*
John Cobb
Jacob CncMtker .........
Williiim D»Ier., ......
SrdDry Fiu-ifl' .. . .^.....
WllMfcin SImpAOD ......
Joe^phiuj Jotifsii
ThfJitias SnJth
Alfred Holland
Chsrles Walker
Henry Watts
Date of
eolistaHnt.
Deo.
Sept.
Jan.
Feb.
gsf-
Jan.
(hi.
Jun.
Aug,
Apf,
Au^.
Alii:.
Aug.
Oct.
Jan.
Aug.
Aujj.
An^.
A1115.
Deo.
Ang,
On*.
Ovt.
Oct.
Jan.
Jan.
Ff^h.
Oct.
Doe,
Jap.
Aiiir
Fob.
FVb,
D«,
Ektpt.
B*pt.
Oct.
Oct.
Jan,
Jtn.
Bept,
Bept,
Sept.
Sept
S*pi,
Jiut.
Feb.
Oct.
Oct.
Sept.
Aog.
Oct.
Sept.
Jan.
Jan.
Ang.
Aog.
Oct?
Oct.
Oct.
Jan.
^s^
Jan.
Oct.
Sept.
87,18M
6.1864
80,1806
90,1806
21,1804
18,1806
10.1806
V 1»fli
£,1104
30,lia4
12,14S4
15h ^BA4
^. 14«4
L3. IH44
Rli64
ejae4
13.1M4
lS»lBfl4
]L.1H«S
SO, l>i^
VdJSU
12, 1 fttt
8.18Qi5
21>, J«*4
&, IJ§M
5, ISM
ft, 1^04
lQjq«4
llplFHU
»MB44
f3JBfl4
20Ji64
10,11^5
24,1806
14,1804
21.1884
21.1804
19,1804
14.1804
80.1804
4.1806
21.1806
9.1804
20.1804
18.1804
14.1804
90.1804
11,1806
27.1804
22.1804
10.1806
10.1801
27.1804
9,1804
8,1804
916
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
IM of persona who put in repreBefntatioe recruiU, and names of rtcrmis Ocmfd.
ICASSACHUSBTTS-Contiiraed.
Nuneaf prtaoli^.
STuoA of tneralK.
jy^tAof
Kigbth..
Do..
Do..
Do-
Ninth...
Do...
Do..,
Do..
Do..
Do...
Tenth ...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Second ..
Foorth ..
Eighth ..
Ninth ...
Do...
Tenth...
Firat....
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Seoond ..
Do...
Do...
ThiM....
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do..,
Do...
Foorth ..
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do..,
Do...
Do...
Do..,
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Fifth....
Do...
Sixth....
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
SoTonth .
Do...
Do..,
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do..,
Do...
Eighth..
Do.«
Ninth...
Tenth...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Thizd....
J.C. Elealow..........
Daniel W. Bfttctc laoT
WlUknJBrown..... _
ChATl^a C, Ba^aott . . , .
II r4, Htrfim Bkraai , . .
DftvlciBillEngft..
Qi]i*rt Basoom
Bli^ha BoldeQ..^.. . ...
Chrirlf^a BIockmBr...^.
O.TBarkisr..
Jo^n V Vnrkflr
CI ■' :;.irker
Oti-i II. ...LL^i-r
John A.BarffMe
DftvidH-Blaney
Chandler Batohelder . .
Joeeph D. Billings .
WillUml
D.BiUinge....
W.&BulUrdTTT!:.
Alexander C. Childe
Beid. B. Chnroh
Latham CroM
Christopher A. Charoh .
do.
CjrnsW.L .
WiUiam T.Cobb.
Edward Capen, Jr .
Soaan EL Cowan
KA.M. Clark
C.W.Clark
Ssmnel D. Crane
GilnuA Cnrrler
Charles G. Currier
Mrs. Frederlok Cabot .
Miss M.E. Cabot
Frederick T. Chsse
Edward F. ChMin
Horace D. Chapln
Herman Chapln
James F.Clark
C.C. Chad wick
Josbaa Crane
Samael Cabot, M. D . . .
Fanlkner Chapman . . .
Francis L. Chapman . .
George "W. Colbnm —
Lake Carter
Franklin K. Cashing. .
JosiahP.Cook
Robert Coach
James B.Carwen
Francis Coggswell
Frederick £. Charoh . .
Dr. George Coggswell.
WilUamC.ChDds
Charles Choate
George W. Cames
Patrick ColbT ,
William K. Cnampney.
James H. Coggswell
J. V.B.Cobam ,
George W. Cobom ... .
James G. Carney
George S.Cartis
Isaac H.Carey
Nathaniel H. Carey . . .
Gates Chapman, jr
James P. Clarke
EUF.Cady
Henry Chickering
George W. Campbell . .
(reorge Campbell
David Campbell
Edwin Clapp
CoL Thaddeas Clapp . .
P. A. Chadboome
Lather Chllds
Miss Sarah Cabot
Bichard Orerton
Henry ETans
William WilUaas
William SoUlTan
John Meed
Franklin Strahan
John Kennedy
Samnel McLean
MingoJenkens
PatriokBany
Cephas Lanesster
Richard Mansfield
BaseNorth
Stephen Pannan
John Grant
Thomas Grant
Paal Blunt
William Smith
Jim Brown
George Wright
James Brace
Benjamin Dregs
Samael Briden
George W.Wheeler
Joseph Allen
Richard Bryant
James Green
Dennis DaTia
Barton Cooper
DennisErans
Ssmnel Brown
Lorenzo Dow
Henry Bottley
John Smith
Peter Bntler
Spencer Clark
John Fitsgerald
David Cbew
Sidney Han t
Washington Conor
Henry Marral
BobertWiUUms
Timothy A. Holmes
Andy Linn
Stephen Gregory
Epnraim Davis
Cnarles Hatohinson
Stephen Torner
John Cash
Peter MoCorley
Frederick Meschaok
Vf ivr H^JiUm ■
I>4lu4r Jnfilter., — .,
AVfiti^DD KuDdolph .......
Alexander DkllJnghjim-. .
Hf' lid f TRon L n tjm . . . . -
Abrahiini SmUb. ., + .**..,
Jolin JackpMjQ. .,^^,***,,,
NiipoUTon Bonaparte . . . . .
Jplm Elaoj ,..,....
3toUurt Oraoton
I>fiiOLid RniMn.. ...
Airr"(l Curt JA
l^f iiiamLn MitcbeU. . . - - - .
WiMijiniMit^hfrli
Jolin JoncA ..*^.^, HP. .,.,,.,
Jaman Wrijiht. , -...,.,*.
8ilai Canfield ,.,.
Bobort Houttti^Ti
EURoyand
George Rochester
James Jones
Henry Joaidan ^..
Charles Montgomery
Etheridge Wright
JamesGiU....:.
Peter Weeks
Oet. 7.1861
OcL fllMi
Jan. SS.18B
Sept. 21, 1864
Sept. ». 1664
OcL 7.1664
Jan. 16. IMS
Jan. Ifl^lMS
Sept. 1.1664
Ang. 15, 1864
Not. 80,1864
Nor. a. 1864
Not. 8A.1864
Dee. H1884
Apr. 8.188B
Apr. 8.188B
Apr. e.l88S
Apr. 8.1885
Apr. 8.1865
Apr. 8.188S
OeL 11.1864
Aaf.SI,1864
Dee. 8,1884
Aug. 1ft. 1864
Ang. 80,1884
Ang. 21, 1864
Aag.20.1864
Jan. 18.18K
Jan. 8,186S
Dee. 14.1864
Dee. 14,1864
Aag.20.1864
Dee. 1S,1864
Dee. IS, 1864
Ang. 28. 1864
Ang. 20, 1864
OgL 81,1864
Got. 12.1864
Oct. 12.1864
Dec. 2.1864
Dec. S,1864
Jan. 12,1865
Jan. 21,186S
Ang. 20, 1864
Sept. 5.1864
OH. 111864
Jan. 20,1808
Jan. 80.180
Aag.20.1864
Jan. 8.1865
Sept. 8,1864
Sept. 8.1864
Oct. 12.1864
Sept. 12. 1864
Sept. IS. 1864
Jan. IS. 1808
Sept. 27. 1864
Jan. 11,1808
Jan. 28.1865
Jan. 28,1865
Feb. 20, 180
Oet. 4,1864
Sept. 27. 1964
Sept. 18, 1864
OcL 14,1864
Not. 21,1804
Not. 18.1864
Sept. 1,1864
OA. 4,1864
Ang. 21, 1864
Oct. 18.1864
Dec. 24,1864
Dee. 27.1814
Jan. 2S.18B
Jan. lt.1865
Jan. 18,1865
Sept. 21 1861
Apr. 1180
VmOS AUTHOBITIES.
917
lAst ofpenons vfho put in r^preaentative recruits, and names of recruits— CkmVd.
HASa^CHUSXTTS-Contbiaed.
Btotrlot.
Kame of priiielp«L
K«
B of rBcraili
Sato of
Ponrth
Commonwealth .
Ffarat
Do
Do
Second
Do
Third
Fourth
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Eighth
^^)o
Do
Tenth
Fourth
Do
Do
Seventh
Do
Do
Third
Do
Fourth
Do
Do
Do
Fifth
Do
Do
Sixth
Do
Do
Do
Tenth
Do
First
Seoond
Do
Do
Third
Do
Fourth
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Fifth
Sixth
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Seventh
Sighth
Do
Do
ITinth
Do
Tenth
Seoond
Sixth
Serenth
Harriet J. Colby
Jobt] t^>UAi&orfl , , -
WaJterT. Liurlw
DUDieL E. Diimojk
Cb^lofl Dltlinirliiuu
BecJtmlQ F. Lhsaa. ,
TJii^jdort* D^*ii
CtadM K. T3Mi^, It ,
CliaH!^*n. Dow.. ,
E.C.IH'i'r
FrhDOls tJrfcper ,
W. Lardll, Diitii.
Miu* C- L. Don nlmoa
Alfii4iid«rl}kklii»»n
EbfiD I>nit0B^^.'
E.F.D»t|» ,
John Davonifort . .
E.S.lHTwtll......
KM^DimUar..
MieaL.A.Dana
MiMS.B.Dana
Warren Damon
Ethan Davis
Paul Daniel
P.W.DodlBj.
Thom&i Durant
Dr.JoIin H.Dix. ,
do..........
CbArlfw* l;ii^AXL^ .-
Jolm Dunklcii' .,
JoM^tih iKiiildny
J. S Dudti'j
Ed^nrtJ Kr«>R*tt
JouathMD Ellid
JobD 8. Eincsrj^
DfifjEel h. Emerv
"WilljHiii S. Eat/m ,
(xears»B.Em^r*nm
EsraBamea
Mrs. Ephraim Emmerton.
Alvah A. Evans
Oeorge D. Edmonds
Thomas Emmerson
do
Betsey H. Emmerson
Wrifmn P. Elliott
Jo
J.^
E.
Mr^
Qe
Mo
H.)
Jai
i.nt..
:ij)hington!
/^Fleld..
M. French
1 Lrost..
Mthingham..
. i^her
Herbert O. Fisher. . .
Arthur L. Fisher....
William B. Fisher...
A.W.Farrar ,
E. Famsworth
D.B. Flint
Isaac Fay
Charles AtE ,
I.V.Fletcher
David Fairbanks....
Jonathan Frost .
MarkFisk
John Field
Peter Folsom
George A. FnUer . . . .
Richard F. Fuller..
Simeon O.Fisher....
Samuel Fletcher . . .
Charles Fowler
John H. Fairbanks . .
SidneyFairbonks . .
W.O.Tletcher
Jonah French
Mra. F. O. French ...
BeiO«n^Fobes
CharieaOwen
Jim Bi vers
Benjamin Johnson
Cornelius Henderson . . .
Boston Chapnum
Richard Manly
Simon Jenkins
Charles C. Byam
Lewis KutterviUe
Houston Holmes ...*.. .
James Mahan
John Rollins
J<mathan Scarborough.
Seneca A. Blake
Solomon T. Bick
James Mack
Jjtrr*m liffrnr*^
■\\'ii'i- ' '■ -rplln
I'C>l^ilLU ( IIXM^J
Tirtiiiiii CtirrU?r —
DaHH Wbilo.,
KiirHftOD Sfildeii ...
Jjinioe Hobbanl
MlDtcm Bum^tt. . . ,
Biirtf>a Jonea . . .
Jahn t?mKh .. ......
Wjutbingiou J3oiis.
JofiTQ Owen ,.
JoliD Lejir**.,
John Smltti
J&hn lifntit,..,. ...
Adam WhLt^miiu..
Jo Em JaTD^Aun . . ...
BenjamtD Dorth ...
Be-AJan^ln Duun^ll.
Rfihfrt Rarrv , . . ...
J&iL^s^ .
Jonathan 0.i>ay.
James Wembley ,
Oeorge Washington
Robert Long
Stephen Colman
Frank Williams
Henry Mack
Frederick J. Yank
Dawsey Pleasant
Reuben Sargent
Oeorge W.Harria
Edward Cordeliua
Jacobs. Hamilton
William Beck
Samnel Parky
George Panky
Peter Hays
Willis Blow
Brown Washington. . . .
Oeorge Williams
Perry Nevils
Richard Thomas ,
John Jenkins
Samnel Harris
James Baker
Bei^amin Jordan
William MoOuinn
Alexander Williams....
James Smith
William O. Sanborn ...
Henry Ringold
Lewis Paine
John L. Troup
Alexander Richardson . ,
Jim Gore
DiokHevwood
Jim Ricnaidaon
Cupid Yanderhaust —
BurUs Butler
Apr.
Apr.
Aug.
OoC
Aug.
ae-
Not.
Od
Sept.
Deo.
Deo.
Dee.
Nov.
Oot.
Sept.
Deo.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Feb.
Jan.
Kov.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Aug.
^
Dec.
Dec
Dec.
Sept.
^
Sept.
Sept.
Jan.
Sept.
Jan.
Aag.
Sept.
Aug.
Kov.
Dec.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Oct:
Dec.
Deo.
Dec
Oot
Aug.
Dec
Jan.
Sept.
Feb.
Oct
Sept
8r
Nov.
Aug.
Sept
Kov.
Oct
Oot
Sept
Sept
Aug.
^:
Apr.
e.1865
1M86I
SI. 1864
8,1M4
12,1M4
18,1861
96,1864
12,1864
6,1864
11.1864
8,1864
SI. 1864
7,1864
31.1864
6,1864
8,1864
18,1866
80,1868
18,1866
18,1866
20.1866
1.1864
12.1864
16,1866
80.1864
6.1866
6.1866
6.1866
6,1866
6.1866
6,1866
81.1864
90,1864
6.1864
2,1864
19.1864
6.1864
0,1864
18,1864
7.1864
16.1864
19,1866
16,1804
10.1866
26.1864
8,1864
11.1864
23,1864
24,1804
81.1864
80,1864
27,1864
12,1864
6,1864
6,1864
2.1864
2a, 1864
29.1864
14,l»»4
80,1886
6,1864
4,1865
12,1864
16,1804
10,1864
17,1804
10.1804
19.1804
24,1804
0,1804
7.1804
7,1804
19,1804
21.1804
21.1804
0,1806
4,1865
0,1806
918
CORRESPONDENCE. ETC.
List of persons who put in representative recruits, and names of reeniifo— Conf d.
ICASSACHUSETTS-Continiiad.
Dtotriet
SeTvnth
Eighth
Tenth
Commonwealth .
Do
PIret
SeooDd
Do
Do
Do
Do
Third
Do
Do
Do
Do
Fourth
Do
Do
Do
Sixth
Do
Serenth
Ninth
Tenth
Do
Do
Do
Sixth
Serenth
Commonwealth .
Fint
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Second
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Third
Do
Do
Do
Fourth
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Sixth
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Serenth
Do
Do
Eighth
Do
Ninth
Do
Seoond
Third
Name of prinoiptl.
Granrille Fnllor
]aiahaB.Fisk
Miaa Jennie L. Field.
Charles FoUen
do..
DaridB-Oxeen
Samuel Gore
Reuben Oreen
Mrs. John Olover
Jeremiah Oray
Peleg S. Oardner
Henry F. Oardner
Misal^ktildaGoddard ..
Nathaniel Goddard
Mrs. LoniaaK. Goddard.
PhineaaS.6ay
Charlee B. Grinnel ,
Lydia&Gale..
B. A. Gould ...
Joseph Greely . . .
Joseph H. Gioson
Adduon Gage.
Joshua G. Gooch
E.F.Gunn
Emerson Gaylord
Sereno Gayloxd
J. Z. Goodrich
James R. Gillett
Smith Gerrish
John Gordon
Mrs. HenryGreen
Nathanld^inUey
Maria G.Hoadley
Jonathan Howland
Mrs. C. G. Hoadley
MissCKHoadley
Mrs. A. T.Hunt
Nathaniel H. Hunt
Lewia W. Hobart
Francis J. Humphrey . . . .
WiUiamL. Hathaway...
Henry C. Harding
BeuMnHersey
John E. Howard ,
Albert Humphrey
Abner Holbrook
James Humphrey
Charles Hall.
George Higjrtnson
WiUfiun S. Houghton
lohabod Howland
J.W.Harris
Harriet K. Hunt
James P. Higginaon
George CHovey
BeiOainin Humphrey
Lomsa O. Higginson
Francis Hall
David B. Hadley
A.E.Hildreth
EstesHowe
James Winthrop Harris.
U.XraoyHowe
J. M. Hollingsworth
David J. C. Hidden
Sylvester 8. Hill
James B. Homer ,
George W. Hills
Edward O. Holmes ,
James Hunnewell
Charles A. HambleU ....
George Hamblett
John M. Hollingsworth,
Thomas J. Hi
AsaHapgood
'a!!!
AsaHin
George W. Hubbard .
David N.HoUis..
Charles D. Bead .
Sandy Edwards..
John Mon
Wamey t
Paul Blunt..
Paul Bryant..
Frank Butts..
David P. Bon
Henij Simmons . . . .
Charles Thomas ... .
Alexander Lyons...
Joseph Jenkins
Samuel Clarke
Alfred Thompson . .
Lafisyette Bentley . .
John Beasley
Bwiiamin Howe —
Sandy MItohel
Columbus MoKee. . .
Benlamin Black...
Riehard Freeman .. .
Samuel Johnson ...
Stephen Douglas ...
John Grundy
Stephen Morris
Randolph Yoong . .
James Brown
Ebeneser Batamsn .
Joshua Johnson ....
Closs Jackson
Napoleon Ktnlear...
Hector Williams....
Samuel W.Brown..
Robert Forrester ...
Albert Jones
George Harrison ... .
Ephnum CrookAr . .
Peter Ssjpn..
IsWoodi
Dennis Woods..
Jtn:nb Jacktioa . .
WUliHin William'*....
AniErt-^w Jooe*...
WrlJJdJii M^Jjor
AlErtJ Trent
JaiLjffi liLu^kbnru
PVjiukliu nArrlA ,
Isa:»v Slav bom
Williiiriij fi, FiirtD^n ..
Jtif-r-ph Wilson
WillkEn liolivjir.
Mu4iM ^Villiam«
Montgomery Price....
Washington Sarsy ...
Richmond Alexander.
Thomaa Moore
Ben)*mJn Bigsby
Joshua Knight
Charles Stowe
Mark Menyweather . .
John Henry
Taylor Withers
John Williams
Joreh B. Loud
George Jennings
Edward Johnton
Reuben Butler
William Gray
Hugo Heyman
George F. Shaw
Alexander Maxfleld ..
Titus Walley
Jacob Henderson
William Johnson
EdwinP.Martin
Dennis Caldwell
Orange Drake
Adam Singleton
E. Davis
Apr. ^UK
Ape •,iam
Apr. •.]««
Apr. e,lM5
Apr. •,Um
Dee. t.lM4
Oct. 90,1164
Aiig.S,lM4
Dee. rr.vm
Aog.tl.Ul4
Oct. 1S,1»4
Oct. 8.1M4
OeL 12,1164
Oct. U;U64
Oct. U.U64
Aii|e.»LlM4
Aag.tl.U64
Aug. 90. 1164
Feb. 9IL1MB
Oct. a. 1364
Oek 1S.1664
Sept. 16^1664
Oct. t.lM4
Aiif.S.1864
8epL21,lM4
Sepl.9lLU64
SepL ft,l»4
uS. 4.1M5
Apr. «.U66
Apr. «.1M5
Ang. 16^ 1614
Aug. 1&,U64
Dee. 1.1664
Dee. 1.1664
Dee. t.1664
Dee. 8,1064
Jan. 11,1666
Jan. 96L1666
Ang. 90. 1664
Deo. 91,1664
Ang. 90.1664
Aiig.9&.U64
Ang. ai664
Ang. 98, 1664
Nov. 14.1664
Dec 90.1664
Dee. 81.1664
Deo. 14.1864
Oet. 11.1664
Avg.96L1664
Oct. 11,1664
Ang. 90. 1664
Aug. 90, 1664
DeeT X1664
Oct. 11,1664
Oct. 17,1664
Sept 8.1864
Dee. 17,1664
Jan. 80,160
Jan. 86.160
Feb. 99.1806
Mar. 7.160
Dec 14,1664
Jan. 9i:i66S
Sept 98, 1664
Feb. 4.166S
July 11,1664
JnW 11,1664
S^n,1664
Dee. 91,1864
Febu 17,160
Sept 97. 1664
Oet 1,1864
Not. le. 1664
Apr. 6^160
Apr. e.160
UNION AUTHORITIES.
919
Ust ofperwns who put in representative recruits^ and names of recruits — Cont'd.
MA8&ACHUSETTS.-.GontiniMd.
BUtriot.
Nftme of prinoipaL
Kame of reemlt.
Bate of
Fonrth ..
Sixth....
fourth ..
Do...
Do...
Do...
Sixth....
Seventh .
|Courth ..
Do...
Sixth
Do...
Do...
Do...
Sighth ..
Do...
Ninth....
Tenth ...
Do...
Second ..
Do...
Do...
Do...
Third....
Do...
Do...
Fonrth..
Do ..
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Sixth....
Do...
Do...
Seventh .
Eighth ..
Tenth...
Fooxth..
Do...
Do...
Second ..
Third....
Do...
Fonrth .
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Fifth....
Seventh .
Ninth ...
Do...
Tenth ...
Second...
Do...
Sixth....
Tint....
Third....
Fourth..
Tenth...
Fonrth..
S&uinel EaLl, jr.
DufUt^yH&ll ...
WiUlWD ItlDIUlUl .
P. T.J*ct»OD
Ufa. }<U4«J1 M^ J nekton.
John J«^Frle«, Jr ........
'V^ iLlUoi Joakint
Cvfu* Jooe*
[/,B. Kiddttr
eb«Uf W.Kinj:il-> ...
^mu(il Knljzfal
FruicEs E. Kui)cljt
Wllifiiti] H Kfilh
Biifua KeDdnek
Williftiii Kiiiiwli^-ii
T\':ll-'" "Tf-'-l^!!
C.
£iii-4;ii ii. ILihogg
Loreuso A. Kellogg
William F. Lock
JohnP.Lordl
Henij Lord .
Sixth.
TenUi.
Char&a D. L»throp
Miea Bebeooa A. LoweU.
MiM Anna C. LoweU
George Lewis
B. Lincoln
Albert P. Loreioy
Charles G.Lormg
Charles G. Loring
....do
MiasIs«B.Loring
F.C.Loring
Mrs. Anna 8. Loring .....
Miss Mary G. Loring ... .
John Livennore
Caroline H. Livermore . . .
Emma C. Livermore
Mary C. Livermore ,
George Livermore
ElisMMth C. Livermore .
Charles C. Livermore
H. W. Longfellow
larael Lircnnore
Edward Lawrence
George W LitUe
George Lawton
EliabLee
James Lorering
W.CLangdon
John A.Lowell
Angnstns Lowell
J.BnsseU LoweU
AlTsh Morrison
Joaeph Mordook
Bichard Moffott
laaaoaMOls
George Morey
WaUon Matthews
Bey. Summer Manon
Lorenao Marett ,
Calvin M.orse
Nathaniel G. Manaon
Dr.WiUiamMack
Francis Monroe
Garry Mnnson
Clesson Merriman
Frauds F. McLean
Alvah Morrison. 2d
Bradford Marble
Frederick May
Seth Nickerson
John A.NeweU
Samuel Neal
H.&Noyes
George Nichols
Henry Newton
Miss Lucy Osgood
Charles M. Owen
PfU-T LfDwa. ,...
Dick Wright.,.
8»iButd C, watoa
WllUjuii KI^g» . -
A S dy J CiLD 1 D^A ... . . .
'B.nwpUfii "WaAi? .. .
Jobn Whid«nAii^-,...
Jim Wftlley
Levi Wobb.„.
David JuljQUt]
Tkornt^ti Walker
Thf^mfjon AU«imDdi.-r..
Hen r? .1 ohjifion
DjinlA MorlHon
"W ilJ i am Sh^riSJii a ■ ...
W']\vr<\ Adaju*^
Ij.iij.vi isniee. *»....
JobnMaUen
Benben Kennedy
JobnBeU
John Ward
Augustus Hank
Charles J. Newcomb. .
Lemon Strickland . . . .
James Smiley
Michael Cusning
WiUiam Gilmore
John Brady
Harry Jones
Daniel Watson
George Johnson
James Bright
John A. Payne
Thomas Gosney
WiUiam Hassard
Hiram W. Aldrich ...
Charles A. Bridge
Orlando L . Doherty . .
John Green
WUliamMoIMde
Samuel Wilson
PrP'Rton Crfli^f TTi
AU' ^ Ji, ] I d +- r 1' hue k ston
PhU r DavlM ..,_,
Bulji^rt Davis.,..
Deimln Easter
Gfcorgn If^Een
Rli-hftrd Corwin
Ali'iAiador ^colt
Jflhn W&l^pf
Bi^nry Grniiii
Priucn Hsjai)(aD.
Pill] I O'*'**!! ^.^
Jsck C^irUsr --.
Alli^nrt .Ti'nkSii'^- -
£i4hraliL Jieiukma
CbHrlcs Hay
WallMtuHa^^kHy,
CbHfka Harden
Bamuf^lJackson
^e urer J tim Igaa
Comt^htYB firings
JftETti^H Drtiwfl
J^k#on Ha^* ,..
EdiuLiod Dail»y
KsLUi Little .. .
U'wiBL.Falrphiids...
Jxndj Sbeppanl
KlickSetilt......
John WJlfton
Qiji'ljLerQ HtiiTt
David IL Aribtl
George A. Moore
Henry G. Marmon . . . .
Gibson Mahaka
KippMitoheU
George Jones
Anthony Gaines
Samuel Dudky
^:
Sept,
Aug,
Jul.
Jul-
(>ct-
Feu-
Oct.
Sept
&epL
8«pL
Not.
Mar.
Sept.
Jan.
Oct
Jan^
Ft>b.
Auk.
Nov.
KUT.
N^v.
July
Aiiff.
Di«.
Oct.
F€.b.
Oct.
Jan.
JkQ,
Jan.
l>tM.
IW.
Jjtt,
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Mar.
Oct
Oct.
Nov.
Mar.
Dec
Oct.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Oct.
OcL
Oct
Dec.
Dea
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec.
Dec
Nor.
Mar.
Jan.
Aug.
Sep!
Apr.
Apr.
Mkr.
Oct.
Aug.
Jan.
Aug.
Apr.
Oct.
Oct.
Deo.
», 1«M
It J^s
13. I«4H
9, ia44
Ifi, isei
R 18«5
13, MUM
2, tFiA4
SO, ihB&
u, latu
29, iafi4
17,1661
33, 1M4
23,1Pe4
15, 1864
30J864
11,1864
lA, imtt
IMHfiS
17, If^KS
29.1864
21,1M4
21, 1S64
30,1@6&
30,1865
12,1885
18,1865
7,1865
18,1864
18,1864
24,1864
8,1866
82,1864
18,1864
6,1865
6,1865
6,1866
18.1864
18.1864
4,1864
0,1864
13,1864
21,1864
21,1864
21,1864
r,18tt4
27.1864
14,1864
8,1865
16,1865
16,1864
17,1864
6,1865
6,1866
4,1865
80.1864
80,1864
16,1865
12,1864
6,1865
10,1864
12,1864
28,1864
920
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
List ofpermms who put in rtpreaentative recruits, and names of recruitw Oont'd,
MASSACHUSXTTS-Contimied.
PUtrlct,
K*m« of pdnalfttL
Fimei of ncroit-
tlwt««f
Fint....
Second ..
Third....
Fourth ..
Do...
Do...
Do...
Fifth....
Do...
Do...
izth....
Do...
BoTWth.
Do...
Do...
Do...
Xighth..
Ifinth...
Tenth . .
Do...
Do...
Do...
Foorth ..
Eighth..
Kinth...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Third....
Do...
Fourth ..
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Sixth....
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Seyenth .
Do...
Kinth ...
First...
Foarth ..
Tenth ...
Serenth .
Do..
Do..
Do..
Third ..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Foarth .
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Do..
Fifth...
Do..
Sixth...
Do..
Do..
Do..
Mre.8nniliB.Owen.
DaTidPnrker.Sd....
BdwnrdD. Peters...
B.F.PMiie
Heniy A. Plevoe . . ..
JohnO.Pnlfrej
Henry Potter
George C. Piper
Alfted Penhody
Edwin B.Peebody
Edwin KPeebody
Mrs. Jeroslin Peebody .
HenryA.Pnige
_jnrTA.P»lge —
Miss Helen Porter .
,TrTi-,;iO-PeclE.
CliJirlf.':! "^\", I'li-rc*!....
Ctjsfivi y. i■1e^ce^
John C. rott*r ..,
Paiij uol A. Pnrter
Lt'^vii* J- Put*"*)?* ....
Thr.Tuaa F. Flmiktitt .
Thfo. Poinerfty
Riitiprt 3'omaroy .....
Cit(>t. JibfE Penrk .....
Tliiiimbflan Phtsgiis. .
ItrDfTrhirHiri.ftr
JtfhiJ TiiTiLA
Miiry Jau6Vu\ih:V ...
EdwuniE. Rjee
0^ftrt«i ^Rdblfiun ....
E^wh RohlnsoEi
Jufisih. Reed
BlLuB RJihflrJj
inha Koj^nrfl . — ....
Williiun t; fieeroe ...
Edward a Band
H.B. Rogers .
Mrs. H. B. Rogers .
H "" ""— r* ......
oiftn -
M
"W
H. U. iLiii^d ,
DikTjkfi^ Ku»nall.^'. -
Mi^A Kmllj Biiifflei ..'.-
Jobij Itfllrtsrta ,....*..
Riv.J Iv RoribtnA
M i^RSthardfton,
Jj ird^on .
H : irdsoD .. .,
M .i:crfl...........
Z.L.ltaymond
N.F.Roys
JohnF.Robbins
R— Tt.r.StnrTB
Jr<Ti ri.[ tuiu i^hidv, 2d . ^ , . . . . .
Fn rn Iijiid H . Smith. ......
WinSim L. SIhiIij,....
M rn . Marj L, ShAW
Mi#fl Id L SbHW
Edu tird i, Strong
D. It. :^tiickpol<? ......
■^'iJliurn B. SpooD*r. r . ..
Mr^ iVlinaro liSp«n»r,
WMUatnRStiaif...
Niitbanif^lD.aemln.... .
MftrtSnL. Sdilth .,,..
Mrs. ^^. Y. speuMT
JoboBvgHot ,.,^, ,..,,».
Jarvd Spw-kii,. ,*.-,
A. fX Baabom ...^^
Frands H. Silsbee
Benjamin H. Silshee
Andrew Snwtelle
Daniel Saooders
Amoe Stone
Redmond St. Croix
Joeeph Wheeler
JamesP.Yatee
Riehard Otanstead . . .
John Hammond
Jaoob Thomas
Lewis Williams
George Jefferson ..... <
Thomas Brown
Jas. Sanf ord Hyer . . .
Btmo Bradford
RfrTimoTirt Ifablnson,
E]': ■ L, ' f^ iicwitt...
Ptvt<:Jli lUcbJftrxlitOB . .
Hn^i!r> Miller*.,.....
Ja ITS ?*•* Hoorw .......
Lt'h-ls McPh&rfton , * .
Mud t^oii J i^hD««ti . - . .
BeulJirulti Qlovti^r , , . ,
Qi-oiirti LI. Maaoii . . ..
Bi'tx.i'iinUii i'ricfi . .
Abnim ReivuaIdH . . ..
Rjiiburd BCrdBWiiod..
Lt<wi» Ciflrk
Mor^^&Tj H««]idl
Jiiti liurrt^ueh ....
Rc^..rt Wtcfail,
Mi f.;i^l Wilifbid..,.
FthuJi, Sruirb., _
Aid ' ifl Y ii uug . * ,. , .
Lciwia WiU^a , ....
Thomas Bua
Oeuree Foatar .
Jan. n,imi
ocL n,im
Aog. 8.1MI
July miM
Aag.».l»4
Ang.».lM«
Sc^t. 8^1M4
Dee. l»,18ll
Sept. «.1»4
Sept. t,imi
oa. tl,lM4
Oct. a.lM4
Feb. 1A.1MS
S«pi.2ft»lMI
Sept.S7.lM4
Sept.».ltl4
Ool 1S,UI4
8ept.AlMI
Aug. UiUli
Jan. 1B.UK
Mar. 4. IMS
Mar. t.lMS
Mm. 4.1W
Apr. e.lMS
Apr. t.XM
A;«. e.lMS
ATjg U.1M4
ALig.M.18l«
DrC SA.1MA
Jaa. l».XMft
KuT. 14.1M4
^yr. 14.1M4
Aug.M«lMI
K.^. 10.1M4
D D. ia,]MI
Bow IIb Gilbert ....».^.
Janiea K«U j ..^. *
Aajuu Burier ., ^ ..«.«. .
PhtrickTbtlltpe.,,, F;.*. ISiUM
JoU£i SiDlth J.va. a,XMft
F«b. M»]MI
Mar. le. IMS
IHC S0.1M4
Jfc^«k M.1MS
Oet. MIUM
Sepi.M.lMI
Dee. a.lM4
Not. IMM4
Not. 15.1M4
Mar. 4.1MI
Mar. aiMS
Mar. a IMS
Oct. e.l8l«
Apr. e.]MS
Apr. €^1MS
▲pr. e.l8B
Leonard F. Dunn . .
Jdbn L. Trmcy
Rlcbard O'DoDOell.
Hampton Hljtgias .
Darid Jonee
Anderson Minor. . .
MsU.Brigg*-
Riehard Lynohoomb..
Jamee Phillipe
laaao Commlngs
Absalom Perkins....,
YirgU Bedliston
George Roy
Hector Caahere
JoeKiddlee
Edward Freeman
HensonDysona
John W. Miner
dem. Spears
Patrick Daniels
George Williams
Johnlioott
James Soott
WiUiam Taylor
George Ed warda
Sebon Ring
Frank WilUsma
Albert Prinoe
Ifeil Kenny
Jamee A. Stewart .. .
William BnUer
JohnaGattis
Lewis Jackson
Alfted Lewis
Michael Burke
William Graham
Sidney Johnson
DickStanwood
Henry Jones
Franois Morgan
Aag.M,18l«
Deo. a,lM«
Sepi.S7,lM4
Mm*. 4, IMS
Dee. ft,lMI
Deo. ft,lM4
Oct. U.1M4
Ang.M,lM4
Aag.M,lM«
Oet. U,1M4
Oct. U.iM4
Deo. StlM4
Dee. S0.1MI
Dec. 22.1M4
Jan. 4. IMS
Dee. M,1M4
Dec 1ft. IM4
Oet. ML1M4
Oet. ML1M4
8epi.lCIM4
Oet. aiM4
Sept.ie.lM4
Mar. KIMS
aSalisted in Diatriot of Columbia.
UNION AnTHOBTriBS.
921
Xdst ofperwna who put in representative recruits, and names of recruits — Cont'd.
HASSACHUSETTS-Continaed.
DUtiict.
Xuu of prtuotpftL
KuuA of reomit.
iHtflof
Do„,
Do...
Bevvnih .
Dq...
Do.,.
Tenth ...
Do...
Dq...
Do..,
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do„.
Bo.
Do.
Do.,,
I>o...
Do...
Do...
D&...
D« .,
FODTth .,
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
autfa ....
l>o..-
Becond,..
SevaDth .
Bo.„
inrit .,..
Do...
Do,..
Beoond,..
Do...
Do...
Do...
TlUrf....
Do...
Do...
Do..,
Do,..
Do,..
Do...
Do...
Do.,
Do,
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.,
Do.,
Bo..
Do..
Do..
G«QrfB h. Ste»rtiii
Mn. Msr^ K Stfetnm
0«cprge iJ. 5w««tAur
Kllftl ijhumwaj ...........
"WilllftHi r, iSbarowiiy ......
C.L.Swan ,,.
G. A. Smith
Orrln Sago - ,
I>e Witt S. Smith.
D&niel StfULTHfl .............
llmM.F.St«anifl
HdDiySteiinu.
Mi%M.B.IiteaRi«..........
WiUJjua Stows ,
John B. gtebbtsft . . „ ,
Bamn^i- Southworth
Avery P. Slado ,.,
Jotfapb Swui , . . .
DttOtelBwira
Jwbet Stunt™. . ............
Charlw StoddMd
Eobert TookermuL . .
H0D17 T»boT.
JmBM F. ThomdlkA
WUllim SidDftj Thaj er . . . .
Ed warU Turner
£. B. Tajlor . ......,,, „ , . . .
John Tappan . .. ,.. . .......
W. W. Tjtcomh ...........
Charles Tappan ............
Supply a Thine .,..,.
Janiefl F. Tweedy
John U. Tw&edy. Jr
LL, Tower...:,, ,.
Wni, Trd* Jutkhifi .
Edward Tftvlof
Ii*T. John L. Taylor. ...
Amoa Tofta - .
Lewis Thorp.
Wftlt«r Thorp . . . .......... ,
Hfiiirv^TaLmago...,.,
SftDiuel Train .».„,,...,...
M^rk TieiT!>i*lo ,
Jiunft H. Uphaiu
A. O. VarUiiiD
Danitil YAfnuni
G.B. WMtoD
Mm. (1. B. Weaton.
J. W, M"he*l wTJKht. .,..,.,.
Jahu D. WitehOT......
WiJIiimi Wilbor..,..
Uvrns Wftsbbdm
Daniel Wil her...... ,.
W Ql iaiu VV. Warron
Warrea J. Whltnoy . .
Henry A. Whitnev .....
Thomaa C. TValoa.'. . . . . .
Mnt.T.CWaleB..
AnnJo WlllArd ,
Henry Wwi ^ eU , . , . . . . . .
HdiJty a VTrntisU
Edward W. Wi^p^lfHsi^ortb ,
(JwJrge \V'lg^lee\rorth
Thoinaa WofC^Bter .........
Marrill Wyman ............
JohnM.srwilliama
Jin*. K. M. L. WilliamJi . . . . .
Mrs. EtoSIv L. WillUjt.Ji ., . ,
Mifta Carolliiie WintAtuA,.,.
.r, B.WiiJiaiim ,.,..,
CaIvA \v%io(ift
Parker Wel]»
W. I>. Whetilwrieht ........
Horatic* Wfrlhnjrfon ........
£dward Wliitnay .... . .
LuthtT F. WhiLttey ,,, ,
George W, VVarrea., ,.
HarvfiV Wfltj&ri . ,
Faal ^^'^hlUn ,
FtOxlokGBJUsvr....
DaxUfil R»kt»
WmiHiiB«n»ford..,
John HltohtoM
Thosiaa BnwKa .....
J<MH«tihiiB Mathewa .
WlllUoi Fitz. Hugh.
Oliver Dyer ^ ....... ,
Abram llmwn .......
Kobert Jenkius ......
TltuaMicah.
yodAlatou
Thomaai C^lemas . . . ,
Bony Knight.......
A&dTvwJoS.
Harry Dl^ktoti .
Brown Watoy .. .
Abmm Mitchell
LewU Jenktna.
Jacob JUiwardJr ....
Wll]UiciiH.Cowder,.
HarreyMoGUi .
Ka than Mf Coy ,.
WiBiamMorrii......
Rolwrt Smith........
Thi^miia Jolinaoti ....
Thoirtan Brown ......
A]«x.Kowa.
Wmiaoi GrifflU
ABdrow Witaon.....
WilliamH.Iauci...
Wallace DIgca. ..., . .
Jobn W^. Jaiilaon
Brown Murphy ,
Cam. GrdggB.
Rood ail Spradley
Henry J&rdau ...
Tilami Ewiog.....
WillUni Fref!.ni«o ...
M««e* WiikiiieoTi....
Mafk%\'JllkiD«......
John Waring, .,
William Barria.,
WilUarn ^lokoa
IMtk Wrleht
Jlni Bai ley
William Alexander. . .
CatoKitcUen
Henry Clay — .
JohuX. Sr^itiith , . , ,
Thomaa McDomild , ,
BmtLflDtn Clarke
Simnu Uafrleoti. ,
Thomaa Trowbridge. .
George Weat .,..,, , .
Hampon Steele ........
Gearge Waahington .
Fortune Jen ktna*
William AlatoD........
George HitL. .........
Jam^M Sbsrldan. . .. . .
Jam e^ Barry.. ........
Pet4HrDli,. .
jD»nph Caaweli
John U. Henderaon . .
Thomaa L«ouard . . . . .
Willljwn P. Fnller
John J-RicbsfdB ....
HnahMcFej
WmiarnKldweJ:.,,..
John McG rath
Edwin Ack worth..,..
Wiliium Colltna ......
Thomon JetiTenMin ....
St«l>iif^'pBiiHk.
MichdiACurtin.......
Jfllin F. Wilbur
H^Miry QriB«n . ,
WiliiamJiMkAon .....
B«.
3,tM4
Doc
21,iaH
'4^
»Am
21 ABU
Sept. 30. Iflfii
fiopt.
19,1804
Sept. 30, lam
SepL 37, IBM
Oci 11.1884
Oct
37,1304
Oct.
I7,iaft4
OtL
Rlfla4
Oct
H1S64
An«
12. igei
^ov.
14, l«lt4
Jan,
«, nK
^J:
0,1895
4,18«S
Mar.
4.1S«S
Apr.
e.iees
Ju.
U, IMS
Oct
12,1864
OtL
12 imi
Adg. 26, im
Jan.
iMfm
Sept.
«,iee4
iSepU
AJ8S4
Oct
12,1104
Aug.
3«,1§«4
Oct
3&1904
J5IJ 14,18M
DofL
2,iet4
J}6a.
S.1S«4
Dee.
nam
Sept 1% l$U
DfHl.
^J864
Dee.
ZJ^dU
00%,
lS,lfl«4
iiec.
4.1804
Feb.
3.1805
Jan.
Z3,ise&
Mar.
4, 18A&
Mar.
4, IBAA
Aug,
20, 1!§«4
Apr.
«,lSfl5
Apr
fl.llMW
Aug
30.1B94
(hit.
14. IBU
S-pt
2. IWU
Jan.
10, 18CtS
Jan.
1», 1809
Nov.
29.1804
Mar.
lAsm
Aug.
2?,iaS4
OBt.
32,]»S4
Oct
I2,ia«i
iJct
I3,]«04
Dfo.
1S.18M
Deo.
10,1804
Oct
13.1804
D<w,
e,19f4
I>ec.
10,1884
Dec
20.1884
Jan.
ia,1885
Sept,
M884
Jan.
4,3605
Jan.
4.1B«
Jan.
B.ieos
Jan.
11.3805
Jan.
11.180*^
Jan.
14,1805
Sept.
1.1804
Oct.
21.1884
Sept 33, imi
Mar.
4,1885
Jnly ^,ISH
Ang.
B,18«4
Nd%-,
ao.iss4
Peb.
28,18«&
922
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Li$t of persons who put in representative recruits^ and names of recruits Cont'd,
HASSACHUSBTTS-Goiitinoed.
BUtriot
Nftme of prinoipaL
Name of reoroil
Date of
Blffhtb
John 0. Whitin ,--,„. ^
Jotm>b Jenkins..... -.
Feb. tt,lMft
]g'£th
DaTid F.Wood
Henry Willlana
Feb! 8,1W
Do
HoooeWood
AUm Sawyer
Sept.U.lMI
Mar. 8.1M5
Do
J.8.Ward
Do
Kelson D. White
Oei. lOiliM
Do
Hkt^vj Wyman
BTansMcGee
Jan. ft, UK
Tenib
Joromo WoIhi..........t,i,..T
Sept. l,l»l
Oct. li,lMI
^•°S> :......:..::..
Marthiil Wiloox
William Green
Fonrtb
N.D.Whitney.
FH^*nO^#<l*n
Apr. «.MK
Apr. 6.MB
Apr. •.1M6
Apr. e.lM6
Apr. e.lM6
Apr. e.im
Apr. «.lMft
Apr. C18B
Apr. •.1M5
A^. e.ii»
A^. e.ue
Apr. «.:•»
aS. e.MI5
Ang.S0.lM4
Febu 10.1M5
Do
Theodore D.'l^tttey
Georee D. Whitney
Charles Cooper
Do
James Brown
Do
Mrs.li«nieF.Wldtney
TbomM Wiffglea worth
Miss Ann Wigfrleeworth....
Charles P. Whitin
Do
Samuel Jenkins
Do
WiUiara Cuyler
iMffhth
Sam . lUTers
'do ::::::...:...:...:.:
KU Warner
Henry Pringle.. ...... ......
Tmth
T>. R. Williams
Robert Simmons
Do ....
J.Snlliran Warren
David Robinson
Do
Miss Mary Wifcglesworth. . .
Edward Wanmr.
Jemmy Perrv
Do
WiUiunBoam
8eoond
Atherton Wales
Wilson Sbeppard
Fonrth
Joseph £. Worcester
Thomas £. Whitoomb
Elias JohnsonT.
Sixth
John Jaokaon
Not. as, 1M4
RHODB ISLAND.
Do.
JohnHollsnd
WiUiam H. Chaplin .
AoK. 19. 1M4
Aog. 19.1M4
CONNECTICUT.
Third.
Do
First.
Do
Do
Miss Elisabeth C. Greene
Miss A. E. Greene
William H. Hnnter
William T.Lee
Lyman H.Tnttle
Charles Han
Daniel Huntington
Charles White (one year)
Michael Ahem (three years)
James F. King (one year)
Ang. S.ia64
Ang. ft.1M«
Get 7,1W4
July 27. 1W4
Sept. 27. IM4
NEW YORK.
NOBTHKIOf DIVISION.
District.
Name of principal.
Name of recmit.
' On call of—
Fourteenth
Do
Sixteenth..
Eighteenth
Nineteenth
Twelfth...
Eighteenth
Twentieth.
Sixteenth..
Fourteenth
Do
Sixteenth..
Do
Twelfth...
Fourteenth
Do
J.J.AnstIn
Henry M. Benedict
Edwin&Bogne
Maater Walter Butler.
Norman BisseU
Edward C. dine
James M. Cook
ZenasEldred
Thomas 8. Gray
William Newton
T.W.Oloott
William H. Richardson,
Samuel T. Richards ...
Charles W.Swift
R.M.VanSickler
C.P. Williams
Cbrtrlfes L. T«rrtll July 1«»IM4
Nt^lAon ldsrt«Il July ]S,ltf«
J.Fr^nk Wfclt ; July 18.1M4
WilhamCarmU j July ia,lM4
Ginirgu D. Bjiiringer | Ju^ 1B,1MI
Lf^iiftoaDdpr July 16.1H4
CI- irks<» M. Fiii-fr July U,1M«
Tlrr.i.[hvGBilfofl July 18.1M4
MorjEiin F SruiTh Ju& K.1M4
Jo?.. . ph V*' . St45r«'ii ^ July K. 1M4
J. R Hrad#tr*<M July 18.JM4
Je ruTiu^ B. Tall man July 18. 1M4
Mjir^balL.Hmwn July I8.1M4
TIk^kIo]^ Kolotf July M.1M4
Rii hard W. St4*veii» ! July 18.1M4
John W, Robe - July U.1M4
UNION AUTHORITIES.
923
List ofperaona who put in representative recruits, and names o/recn«tt»— Cont'd,
irXW YOBX— OonttoiMd.
SODTHUDI DIYIBIOH.
District.
Name of prlnoipal.
Kftine of reomit.
Dftteof
enlifttment.
Tint ....
Bigbth..
Do...
NiBtb....
Tenth ...
Do...
Do...
TUid....
Sigbih ..
Do...
Do...
Do...
Tenth ...
Third....
Bighth ..
SeTonth .
Third....
Tenth ...
Do...
Eighth..
•do...
Ninth....
Sixth....
Tenth ...
Fint....
Do...
Eighth..
Tenth...
Ninth....
Fourth . .
Tenth ...
Kigbth..
Niuth....
ThomM Barron
William O'Brien
John O'Brien
HenirE-Boll
D.J.fi]auTelt
WUliam F.Bates
William R. Brown
Anthony F. Campbell .
George Collins, Jr
Victor L. Conrad
Peter Cooper
do....r.
Hr?*^ V f uTTip
8I«J[n'V Imrlwn
Ct&rirs Dotinbu«i
Charl n* EAMUm
J. W. FrothlnghRnj....
Chiirlea B. Foedlck
J. H Gf'<1iriD,Jr
EdninM Hiilhurt ....
Rl,^li«MM.Hfle
Ed^ur Ketchum
Cjrcii 11- Loutrol-' —
WillljimF.lloUer
A. W- Nbthani
6fon;u L. Peck
Vhv^j JL FjDts ....
SaniLie^l Pottlr ........
B<-ii! JN F tinytmr.-,
John S ■.,.!,, I.,'.' . .
H.FSpaaldiog
William L. Taylor
Abram Wakemau
John Hart
Ftederlek Sinclair
George Mailer
JamesN. Drake
Herman Bamalade
JoP.^.^'^'^r*
Pb ■ ;■ ■ :«iTjnr....
Pat r pelt FMnUlu......
Jani I'A H I ^g ill ft, . ., * 4 H. . . .
Eil^^^rr Kuda
Mkuixi xihJtoUet^.^^**^
DtiiU' I J-idudon .... ^.. ,
John PenniD^a
William Br& WD
Jai~"? rT. Tiirplo ,...*-.
Jo( U Hmch
Qc ■ l^' lilum
Be :Tij[intuJLbee
8« LG. Hudnett....
Nc iJiiMk>n (colored) .
Pr n k ^^ . Fog*r ...
Je t.h Murphy
Boi'L'f L JTuCTman
John Mi>orbotise
Peti rstoii^'iuan
John^J»4l'liLllsh
Jain-^A IV Viirkck
JoltuMcMann
Bi^ ^ntcl Williams
Jo' .Mnrrffir
Patrick Shellv
John Entwisue
John Hodges
Sept.
Scj't-
Sept,
July
Aug.
SepL
8#pL
July
July
Alii,;.
Nov.
Dec.
Sept.
July
Sepl
NOY.
H&r.
JCDO
July
MllT,
Julj
JiLty
Nuv.
8ei>t.
Nov.
Afir.
Aim,
Mar.
}i(ov.
Julv
July
77, lae*
U,18U
JUllfG4
11,1§«4
11^, 1864
15. ISflS
14. 1864
27,iee4
^.Ii}64
!», IMI
WC8TKRN DIVISION.
District.
Name of principal
Name of reomit.
Dateof calL
Twenty>foiiiih . .
Do.
Do
Do
Twenty-iifth ...
Thirtieth
Twenty>foarth. .
Twen^«8ixtb...
Twen^*seTenth
Thirtieth
Do
Tbirty-flrst
Twenty-fourth .
Do.
Twenty-flfth ...
Twenty -ninth . .
Twenty>fonrtb. .
Do.
Do
Twenty -eighth .
Thirtieth.
Do
Do
Thirty.flrst
Ifc
Twenty-flfth ...
Thirtietih ^
Do
Twenty-third...
Twen^.foorth..
Do.
Do
Twenty-sixth...
Thirty.flrst
Twenty 'terenth
James CATery
Charles B. Ayery
Martha R. Arery
Mrs. B. B. Ayery
Stephen H. Ainsworth .
Allen W.Adams
Joseph P. Barber
George D. Beers
AlviDS C. Barney
Daniel & Bennett
Charles Y. D. Blackman
David H. Bowles
John H. Cbedell
Mrs. John H. Chedell. . .
Frsnk O. Chamberlin...
Duncan Cameron
Ruf us Dnnhsm, M. D. . .
B. G.Day
George B. Daniels
John M. Denio
Philip Dorsbeimer
Charles Bnsign
ElishaW. Ensign
Frederick Baton
Reuben £. Fen ton
George W.Gates
Solomon S. Guthrie
Henry D. Garvin
Arthur Holmes
Henry Henion
William Hills
George Hocknell
John H. Hstv-eii
John D. Hillier
Thomas A. Johnson . . . .
Patrick Halpin
Agidnis Van Old
Lafayette Robinson
lBaaoB.Raoe
WilUs Cooper
BeiOamin Fielda
Joseph Thompson
James W. Yangilder . . . .
JohnBennitt
Robert Griffin
William Wilson
Jolin A , nar.zaTfl ,
Jolm S-CEitDiulufff^,.-...
Jickfeuti BhumAn
Pet* f Wsn li i ticT <i D
JiuiueA K. Lau cTc'T-K —
Cbjirlea W. Ejiflhiiikji ....
WiJiiam liootlt...
Bfd t.oD n. EvTih srii ......
Wijlijim H. L«D. ,
Jobo ^in3»..,. .....
Allr'H Ciirij *...,......
Cf^orcn Alien .,„--.-. .
ChATltA Stuith ,
Henry B. Tijl^r
Wiliiani Cpfiiuiuhr ,,....
AUxiiiKlf^r Curr.v .......
Arthur Bft]]t4>ii '
Jantvi B. McC^ir^iirk . ..
Con^f^Ilai L, Vt-un^lave
QftttTifij Apj»I*'(iJi[^<i ......
Huu^lntE^^n Ji^v ........
ChiirWWritfbt...
JafHV Ann KfilTy
Gborgv H. Taylor......
July 18,1884
July 18,1884
July 18,1884
July 18,1884
July 18,1804
July 18,1804
July 18,1864
July 18,1864
July 18,1804
July 18.1804
July 18.1864
July 18,1804
July 18,1864
July 18,1804
July .18. 1864
July 18,1864
July 18,1864
July 18.1864
July 18,1864
July 18,1864
July 18,1864
July 18.1864
July 18,1864
July 18,1864
July 18.1864
July 18, 1864
July 18.1864
July 18,1864
July 18.1864
July 18,1864
July 18.1864
July 18,1884
July 18,1864
July 18,1804
July 18,1864
924 COBBESPONDEMCEy EXa
JM cfperbSnB who put in repreaentative rearviU, and name» of rteruiU Cont'd.
VSW YOBX^-OoBtl»Md.
IMctrtfit.
lifama of prtarij^.
Dutevfflin.
Do'.WV.'.V.V.
TwvBty-tbbd...
Do.
Twenty-fourth .
Do.
Do
Do
Twenty-ninth ..
TwcBtythlrd...
Twanmoorth .
Do.
Do
Twenty-ninth ..
Thirtieth
Twenty-fBorth .
Thirtieth
Twenty-lbarth .
Twenty-eixth...
Do..
Twenty-oichth .
Twen^-nlnth ..
Do..
Thirtieth
Do
Do
TUrty-Arit....,
rib
Thirtivth
Thirty-flnt
Twenty 'fourth.
Do.
Do
Do
John ]
MieeKLeonanl
Qeorge W. Leonard. . .
DeWittCMoGntw..
DuiielHeOnw
Chrietopher Morgan .
Mazy B. P. Morgmn . . .
▲damMiUer.
W.HeMl
AheHiUnard
TimothyB Porter ...
George w.Peck
George B. Peck
▲aaS. Parker
Hopkina C. Pomeroy .
Wi]liamH.Peabody..
A.B.Beynold8
Dexter P. Snmaey —
Shirley B. Snow
John Sonthworth
do.
Henry ILSelden
Franilin Spanldlng . . .
ThemaaSooTilTrTr....
JanieaQ.SteTena
William X. Saadera. .. .
Jaeob Sehoellpopf . —
Newton Slaweon
Palriek Shalbr
George Taylor
X.G.TopUff
WiUieliWoodin
William Waaaon
Annette Waaaon
WiUiamH. 8. Waaaon.
JameaEieh^
John Doyle
George A. PhflUpe
WilUamW.Donglaae
John Martin
Darid B. Carroran
JameaS. Moore
Miohael Beaehert
Melvin K.Smith
Thomaa Anderaon
John McDonnell
JamaaKaox
Jamea Bohan ...............
Alexander Do WiU
J! ^^-Vti ..„ ,
r ,uw...., ,
\\ .i,i 1^ linmBa
IkMJjiiuiu Coroy
George W.Tau Aliitjne...
Gvori^e HoTomiiigway
Loureis S^ne-v.,.
Mir hiel GUI
Joba FJrIh
(Jt^orgts WJLilBcnfl.
(Siwr^o ADdprflDii.
JetiUiea ThnmaA ,
0«>rgta WuhtsKttiD
JotirjAou D. Kaai^.
lUrCLiii L W«li*c_
(;it,.*Kll(MifrHf
rairjik WhAlftn..,
TbooiAv B. Biurd ,
Bobert O. Bnrgeaa
George Foster
Jacob Oanthner ,
Jvly ia.lM4
Jnly la^lMI
Jvly U^UM
July 1S.UM
July U^UM
July ia.lM4
Jnfy ia.lM4
Jvly ia.lfM
Jvly ia.liN
Jvly U^lMi
Jvfy UwUM
Ji^ UwliM
Jvfy l«.]nA
Jvfy U^lIM
Jvfy U^lfM
J^ U^UM
Jvfy U^UM
July U^iaii
ii.lM4
]8.1fM
ia.iM4
1S.1M4
^ ia.ifM
Jvly li^UM
July U^UM
Jvly 18.1M4
Dec \%Vm
July lt.lMI
Jnfyia.1164
July 18. IBM
Jnly la, IMI
Joiy 18. IfM
Jo^
J^
J^
July
Jo^
Jn^
KBW JEB8EY.
Diatrict.
Karne of principal.
Kama of lecmit.
Date of
ThIM
John A. Anderaon....
Joeeph BatUn
Ave. S»UM
J^ 18. 1881
FUlh
Third
CapC William M. Shipman . .
Thomaa B. Stewart
JohnCoTie...1
8epLl4,18B4
Fifth
Franklin A. Dennia
Jnly 18ii8M
First
William P. Tatf>m
Jaaftee Hamilton ,
Apr. 8.18«
Ang.».18l4
Second -.
Mra.LydlaA.Troth
H^Bry Marahall
PENNSTLVAKIA.
XA8TXBN DIVISION.
Thiid....
Do. .
Fonrth ..
Ninth ...
Fonrth ..
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Sixth....
Serenth .
Ninth....
Do...
Tenth ...
Lewia Andenreid —
do
Samnel F. Altemna ■ . .
Benlamin F. Appold .
C.BTBarrett
Boadil Brown
N.B. Brown
J. B. Blaokaton
Thomaa Bell
A. B. Burton
do.
Mra.C.B. Barrett
Miaa Jane L. Barrett
Miaa Bebeooa S. BarreU..
Miaa Clara M. G. Barrett.
George Bollock ,
John M. Broomhall
Mra. laabella Baohman . . . ,
laaaoO.Bmner
David P.Brown ,
Cliiu-l#t A^FrleJp,.-
Eitward A^ Jobnaoti
A}\ti^\ BxHbcTta.....
L4^0[is»nl i^hlelda
Saniuf^l Rkx^k
A'<4!«im L. Vdmaiuit-.
W i1 1 'Tini JtihnsQD . . .
Jfc' 'i^b Ack^rmAn
Thwddrufl K !Saipi>r^
Wilhhn] McEiiiXjo>--
H*rr]r B^^elt *
Cfcfli>^*f Diitler
Jostjph F, Toppw . * ,
AJuiiio ilAhan, .
Joaeph Gronaer
WilHiaiBeed
KlwoodH. Gilbert..
John Thomaa
Samnel Deekert
Sept. 1.18M
Aac.S.18M
Ang.».18M
Aac.81.18li
Aug. 81, 1814
Sepl X188A
Sept. 8»18li
Sept. 8.1814
Sepi. 8.1884
S^ 8,1814
Sept. e.1884
Sani. 8.1814
Jvly 80.1884
Ang.S1.18l4
Jvly 18^1884
UNION AirroOBITIBS.
925
IM ofpenona who put in repreaentaiive recndU, and namea cf recntita C?ont*d.
PmrirSYLYAJnA-CoDtiniMd.
Fifth....
Do...
Do...
Do...
math....
Tonth ...
TwoUlh.
SoTonth.
Do...
Hfaitli....
Foortli ..
Foorth ..
Klntii....
Do...
Sooond...
Fourth ..
Do...
Do...
Do...
Hteth....
Twolfth.
Second...
Do...
Do...
Fourth ..
Do...
Do...
Do ..
Fifth....
Ninth....
Sooond...
Foarth . .
Do...
Ninth....
Tonth...
Fourth.
Do.-
Do..
lilxth...
Second..
Fourth .
Do..
Do...
Foarth ..
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Kfaith....
Second...
Eighth ..
Do...
Fourth ..
Second...
Do..
Do...
Fonrth ..
SoTonth .
Foarth ..
Do...
Do...
Fifth....
Ninth....
Foarth ..
Do..
Do..
Foozth .
Do..
Do..
Do..
Ninth..
Do..
b of {irilKdpAl,
SamoelCoflin
James RCnig
Mn. Joseph a Churk
Mri.X.W.CUrk
lCMterX.W.Chtfk
ICMter Clnrenco ILCUvk.
Mn.W.G.CaM
Henry L.Cftke
Mrs. Jane Coartnej
Joseph Q. Cnmmins
WilUsm D. Christmsn
Co]ambI«BiLDk
Jsnii^f^ E. IMnjiee
Jani^a M.K^ne
TbmnJi* S, Lllls
Sarrm^t Erajia
Iffrs. Mury A. Bvsns
H.U. Frwn>,jfi,Jr...t ,
LewUG tn)»«rt
Ssmuel Fk'](|. ,
John Olbaou
.do..
A.aGreen
Jacob Gould
C.J.Hoflknsn
Georso Hsmmersley ..
Joseph Usrrisonjr ...
WiUUmHowen
Mrs. WilUsm Howell..
Zophsr C. Howell
Mrs. Williams. Hall..
Henry Howe
Mr8.J.G.Hess
John Homer, jr
James C. Johnston
John G. Johnston
John ▲. Jackson
WilliamJohns
J.B.Kingsley
Georse Kern..........
Charles B. Keen
Mrs. Mary Krupp ,
Benjamin Kenoiwdine.
JohnT. Lewis
Henry C.Lea
do..
Joseph Buyers
S. A^ J&eroer .........*...•.
John B.MoCnrdy
do
Joseph Manuel
James Miller
B. Spenoer MUler
Mrs.Bebeeoa A.MarUn...
Henry Maule
G.A.Wioolls
Mrs.G.A.Nicolls
DeUNoblitt
George W. Paallln
Waterman Palmer
Thomas H. Powers
Thomas Potter
John C. Price
Henry E. Rood
Mrs. John M. Riley
MissEUenK.RUey
Samuel W.Roop
Miss Annie B. Rhinehart. .
James A.Rothermell
William James 8U1
Solomon Smacker, Jr
Thomas Sparka
B. D. Saunders
B. C. Shelmerdine
R Q. Shelmerdine
Caroline Sellers
Samuel Shoch
Mxs.Bdwani K. Smith ....
l^feme of r«cmlL
Willhunl
Fkancis Homer .
Thomaa BnshUm
Augustas Blankinhom ... .
Theodora A. Bainor
Thomas Hiokey
Oristus A. Hippie
Francis J. SmithT.
JohnMoOnw
John J. Wilson (cotorsd) . . .
Jsmes Cnnunings (oolored) .
William Gil
JohnP.McWilUama...
,T^rn^ F. Soudl'T . . ....
.1^4.11 M. J...v!.i^
Cha^rkis K«ii£«r
a^^ti^n E. Tyrell
Cullauj^m Ffnk
Mjirk DRAiia.H-
OctiT(f e W . BroTTd ......
Patrii kMoOrsw......
JdIih l'''r*atit- *♦♦,•,....
JoTjd liradpf .__...-
MirhAel Lvnn
UUbJtfl rrfcBcii
G*N 'f itj B iiinLIr4>t]
AbrnWiu Abden.ci'ti ...
IiBiLi«^] Browa . ..
MAih^Helil H. llunlUon.
JaniBH IjB Wson
Ht^rniiLii DAJlionei ......
Willium r»ropi*.,.
Will]f»lm Ht^ti .........
jKmt^l T, Hol4iL«oi]
Ch-irl^'H Brtslln , .
Jaunii wttr*
Ei-:i n Jim^a , . . . . ,
Mhm iji w YoiiTi
JotlT] A D(ihT-*PIJ ....
Nfil fio^'^0..
Ainlnjvi- Rimft
X-f\r\A Kelly *..*... ....
John AtlLl^N>n ....
Jobnfifcif ...,»
Jo^vyh (>jlft ..*„.....
St^]<lif n Ottni^M
Jo>*''I»li l>wv#f.........
Ilt'li4 rT JoltnAOQ ,
Jam f^9 F. M ulligui
WlUiftm Wjdiiej:.
DT'nTi la McCatrprt j ....
Charles W. MohortfT ..
Freidcrlck Sttiti
MrniU Moi^adv
.\tJ4'li.i<^l Dolnn.'.
T'JsUsp J. r>^'k«*r
] }\i.Vian Mt-ijr'firn . - -
HfnrT Weill...
Bmst Degen
James Bagan
James O'NeUl
George Bnos (colored) .
Barney Covle
Sylvester B. Csmeron . .
William H.Hibbs
James White
WiUiam Nixon
William H. Pool
Samuel Pennie .
George C. Steyens .
JohnjCenno
ledy..
Charles Hill ......
John Smith
Charles Hauser...
Cornelius White..
James A. Loney . .
Samuel Moore....
Dale of
enlisliDent,
Oct. 8.1864
Sept. 1,188«
Sept* S| 1864
Oct. IS, 1864
Mar. 6,18K
Mar. 6,1865
Mar. 10. 1866
Oct 8.1864
Aac.S7,1864
Ja]7S8»1864
Aug. 8,1864
Aug. 27, 1864
Aug. 18, 1864
Aug. 20, 1864
Aug. 81, 1864
Aog. 2.1864
Aug. 16, 1864
Oct. 18,1864
Sept. 1,1864
Sept 2,1864
Sept. 8,1864
Sept. 26, 1864
Feb. 7,1866
Sept. X1864
Sept. 3,1864
Sept. 12, 1864
Oct. 15,1864
Aug. 25. 1864
SepI 2,1864
Sept. 8,1864
Feb. 14,1865
Oct. 1X1864
July 27.1864
Aug. 26. 1864
Aug. 5,1864
Aug. 81, 1864
July 10.1864
Sept. 1,1864
Sept. 1,1864
Sept. 2.1864
Sept. 8.1864
Feb. 7,1865
Aug. 5.1864
Aug. 23. 1864
Feb. 8,1866
July 25.1864
July 26. 1864
Aug. 31, 1864
July 28.1864
Mar. 4.1865
Aug. 25, 1864
Sept. 0.1864
Sept. 0,1864
Mar. 7,1865
Aug. 30, 1864
Oct. 4,1864
Oct. 14,1864
Ang. 25, 1864
Aug. 27.1864
Aug. 30, 1864
Sept. 1,1864
926
COBBESPONDENCB, ETC.
lAst of persons who put in represeiUative recruits, and names of recruits CoxM.
FBKNSTLyA2riA..Oontliioed.
District.
Kameofpiiiioipal.
ITaBMofTCoraik
Date of
Twelfth
Mnt. Jaiia Shfranton
Benjsmin ThoniM
Oet. 12,1814
Seyentii
B.H. Smith
Abnra Enos (colored)
BdwaniaTobiM
iUr. A,im
Fourth
Uonry C. TownMnd
SepL 1,1814
Do
JohnJD. Tajlor.
Ford O.Troap
Third
Hash Wilson
SilM Barton
Fooiih
Jsne G. Whilden
Chftrles Bsntm ...r. ........
Ang.l8,UI4
Klnth
UnflAlnh 'Wniiuna
Fiederiek Strich
Do
f^enrMk Younff. Ir
George Tmmp. .............
District.
Twenty-foarth .
Foorteenth
Twenty-foorth .
Twenty-third...
Thirteenth
Fourteenth
Thirteenth
Twenty-eecond .
Do.
Do
Do
Do
Twenty-fourth .
Thirteenth
Nineteenth
Twenty- third...
Serenteenth —
Twentieth
Thirteenth
Nsme of principal.
Ksme of recruit.
Dsvid Aiken....
George Bergner .
Celeb finrwell...
J. Heron Foster .
BrennelHonpt
WillismL.Hftrris
ILCMeroor
Hon. J. K. Hoorhesd
....do
-...do
....do
....do
John Minor
Mrs. Rschael A. Pazton .
Henry Pstton
John Rslston
Hon. John Scott
Mrs. EUsabethM. Terr..
Hon. DsYid Wilmot
Thomas C. Best —
James E.Bamee...
George W. Risher .
WOliamT. Black..
Besidenoe of piinctpsL
John WiUiams
Henry G. Gebhart .
LeviEnnis
Michael Nolan
John Dougherty...
John Hayes
William Morton...
George fiemy
Gyros Logan
Henry O'Brien
A. Allen Hoover...
George W. Brink . .
James Wilson
John Ryan
William S.Brigg8..
WasUngton Boroogh.
Hanisbiirg.
MonongabelA Tows-
shipT
ProTost-mnrshsl
Twenty-tUid Di»-
trict.
East BnflUo TownsUpL
PltUboTg.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
New Brighten.
CnrwtnsTille.
Huntingdon.
VoiangoTi
Towandn.
ihip.
MARYLAND
District.
Name of principal.
Name of reeruit.
Date or
Second
Thomas H. Bliok
JameeDye
Nov. 8. :884
Do
John W. Cathoart
Charles H. James
Aug- 18.1884
Aog. 8^1884
Ang. 8.1884
Se^ 13,1884
Aug. 18,1884
Not. 18.1884
Fourth
Ellas Bmmett
Henry Smith
SaooimI
Thomas P. Strsn
WiUiJun Jones
Third
T.MoKendreeTeal
Albcci Unterkoffer
Do
Milton Whitney
Frederick Smith
Do
George W. Whistler
Jason Hodnstt
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
District.
Name of principal.
John G.Adams ..
Mrs. E. F. Adams
Samnel T. Davis .
William Gnnton .
Horatio King* ...
Abraham Linooln
JobnE. Latham..
Leroy Tattler
Name of recruit.
John Daagerfield
George Gassaway
Willfim Jonee...
Michael Trotty...
Charles Taylor ...
JohnS.Stapiee...
Robert Tate ,
Jacob Rentier ....
Credited t
Third snb-
dlstriet.
Do.
Foorth snb-
distrtot.
Third
DoL
DoL
First
Third
dislviet.
* Added since preparation of original llsi.
UNION AUTHORITIES.
927
ZAst ofpenona whopui in representative recruits, and names of recruits — Cont'd.
KBNTUCKY.
Dlfltrict.
Kame of prinoipal.
Kame of recmit.
Bemarkt.
Fifth..
Do.
First..
Fiflh..
Sixth ..
Fifth..
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
SeooDd.
Sixth..
Finit..
Do.
Fifth..
Do.
Do.
Sixth..
Do.
Ninth .
Fifth..
W«iiamB. Belknap.
Jon 'G.Baxter
Johu BoUnger
Michael Bnnright...
Jamea H. Eaaton
T.C.FUher
Warner 6. Herr
WilLKHerrey
I WiUlamE-Hogbea
William Kaye
I Jeaoe H. Lanaford
R.C.LoTeU
G.H.Morrow
I J.A.MoNiitt Avanto
t ored)
Z.M.Sherley Charlea Aahcrofb . . .
I Joahna F. Sptod Tilghman (colored) .
. B. D. Stamford Tom Stamford
I Bradford Sbinkle Joeeph Beverley. .. .
AmoaShlnkle Kobert Williamii
; JobnSeaton William Cbarlenton.
I George W. Womack ; Henry Thompson...
Green Penneck
Stephen Kelly
Jamea Harvey (colored) .
Jamea Haley
Alfred Wataon
BichardPoUaid
Sam. Herr
Jerry Bratton ! Coramis-
•ioner of
board.
Sanford Talbott
Andereon Hnffiman
Jobn H. Shannon
Jesse White
Archer Farmer (colored) —
Waebington (col-
Provost-
marshal.
OHIO.
Second
Do
Sixth
Do
Tenth
Do
Do
Fourteenth .
Eighteenth .
Do
Second
Seventh
Serenth . . .
Do
Eighteenth .
Do
Do
Second
Do
Fourth
Fifteenth...
First
Do
Do
Second
Twelfth
First
Second
Do
Do
Third
Nineteenth .
First
Second
Do
Do
Fourth
First
Second
Do
Foarteenth .
Seventeenth
First
Do
Do
Tenth
Do
Firrt
Second
J. F. AppenrellT
JotiiiA HufcterHald
Ruek IkMiqfin
Mrs.Ro^l lit^imoQ ....
GtfJTFo K. Bet I*
E'lw&H LV iVanaott...
SilM* Jtiildy
J»l ws L. H'n rh 11
BnlivsrBotu
WllUsin BingliAm....
Jc4t/pb Crl lI^J
& V, li.rar|it'iitor....
JoIjd CiimpVlH
Off^rt-j^ Cbrlc ,..
WlJlmmT.C [J selling..
L^finhnlCaitft.
Jf-ri^niiali Cn<iurr)d....
Jljiiif!t Diillon ,
JtHiri rturftfli
Q V.J,,,..- i^or^.y
Jo-.:,. ... li:v.>ll
Seth Evans
WilUe EKgleston
Miss Julia Eggleston
JobnW.Ellls
William N. Entrekin .
James A. Frazier
Arad Geary
W.M.Gibson
J.W.Goslln
David Gebhart
Albon B. Gardner —
James B. Hopkins —
J. C. Hanover
JohnP.Haise
L.R.HU11
Oben Haves
Charles B. Johnson . .
Alfred Joute
Thomas Jenkins
William Jones
Thomas L. Jewett
George Keck
Misa Nellie Keck....
Joseph B. Kinney —
Charles A. King
Joel W.Kelsey
William L. Lockraau.
T.D.Lincoln
L. Briedenstien
John W.Carr
Jamea Green (colored)
James Bass (colore<l )
Joseph B. Warner
George N. Buchler
Beuben P. Clark
Warren D. Chunbers
Jobn McDaniel
William P. Hart
Charles Bright
Nathan W.Moore
Ampudia Barwood
Jamea I. Jaynes
Andrew Gauter
Jurger EUing
William Finger
Charles Saunders
Wallace W. Goiielle
Jonathan TowuHeud
George W. Allen
Richard Cue....
John G. Brown
Aueust Wride
Andrew N. Hays (colond) . .
Robert G. Manner
Orrin Carey
Josiah Raines
William Brien (colurt>d)
Joseph Morgan
Henry P. Shaffer
David B. Governor (colored)
Stephen Perkins
James Marshall (colored) . . .
John Gansmann
Thomas Delaney
James L. Funk
Joseph Donnelly
Nicholas Rulias
John Boone
Milton Holt
James T. Devoe
James Edwards
John Marston
William Urich
Frank Gibson
Lafayette A lieu
Albert Fanning
John W.Childers
928
COBRE8POKDEKCE, ETC.
lAst ofpermmB who put in representative recndte, and names of reencti»— Cont'd.
OHIO>C«wtiiiiMd.
Distriet.
Name of principal.
Vame of reemit.
Do
TWid
Tint
Do
Do
Second
Do
Do
Do
Thiid
Ninth
Bightecnth .
Do
Do
Serenth —
Tenth
Eighteenth.
Tenth
Flwt
Thiid
Tenth
Eleventh ...
Eighteenth .
First
Do
Second......
Do
Seventh,....
Ninth
Tenth
Do
Do
riMt
Do
Second
Do
Do
Do
Do
Third
Seventh
Ninth
Tenth
Do
Do
Fonrteenth .
Eighteenth .
bo
First
Do
Do
Seventeenth .
Firet
Do
Do
^ Do
Second.......
Do
Do
Do
Do
Eighth
Tenth
Fifteenth....
T. Di Lineoln,Jr. (10 j^mn) .
T.Ledverd Lmcoln
P.P.Lowe
Junes Hack
Thomas McLean
B.J.MeMahon
G.MendeUhaU
Henry Miller
E.J.Miller
KMaokentire
Felix M. Marsh
Jay O. Moss.
Oeorge W.Merrill.
Martfnl ~
McHagh.
Charles MoNeaU
Andrew Nicholson
John T.Newton
HenryNewberry
JohnR.Osbom
Charles G. Pearoe
M.D. Potter
J. H. Pierce
Elijah 6. Peckham
John Peebles
James Pannell
Cornelias M. Ray
Adam N. Riddle
Henry Rnnk
William Beeee
Amor Reese.
Peter Reinhart
John Ray
Samnel A. Raymond . . .
....do
Henry Stewart
P.W.Strader
William Sommer
William Shafltor
Charles J. Stedmsn
P.F.Shaw
George F. Stedman
John jR. Shaflbr
AlftedP.Stone
Ebeneser P. Sadler
William H. %nith
do
Dennison Steele
John Scott, Jr
George B. Senter
Ruf OS P. Spalding
A.D.B.Tweed..r.
Griffin Taylor
Samnel Tappin
E.aTice
Be^Jamin Votaw
Charles H. L. Walker . .
J.T.Warren
KWassennich
Isaac C. Winans
James F. Wellington . . .
Jacob Wirth
L. Worthington
Charles P. Wilatach . . . .
George W.Ward
Lewis Wonnstesd
R.M.Wslte
JohnP. Wolfe
Andrew DoDongh
JohnMihu J
David&^Jine
David IfivAlUster... .
JohnflMnilton
Abraham Carpenter..
William Girls
G*M:*riro "TTrtni^T . .
C.T.lieJJ
DflviiL Kioff (it^fli^tad).
Stcpbea OTt^nnaii ....
Xa^it'T Glitter........
Wflrr*<n Uni,dl«jr . . ....
Jchn McRob^rfioii ...
Jejui P&gain ..... ....
Ed^IJi Peten
Ch&rlcA W. Laa#.
WtlLlAiq Jact<w
Jobji KtDkI(>r...
Jftfleph A. Andtrw^n..
R L. Lfignn
Abn«!rr B. Poup. ,
Jumba Gander..
John W.ltD»e ....
Jffiry Bnic4j ._. . . ....
Jcitin RTiq.n ....... .....
ri»i:ia j^h:;^.^:^iiilTJ^?f...
George Rager
JohnSearand
Milton Gregory
John W. Harker
Albert Pexton
JodahN.Smith
Henry Boyce
Throw Welsh
W!1llam SmlUi
J.C. Hiney
JcIjq M. H$itili>rth,^Ti ...
If. S. Thoromjir, ......
£. KlftnicAU
WlllUTijH.Jkhntr.ra.
MMt'jn Arnold
Davki C. G fpgory . ...
John Liifkin... . . ...
Jhrny* Andcreun , . ...
J4m«^4 Irvldtf
ilthD^tt B4ril»?tt
WlUltm Wij^^iwft
WlUiftifs Qerard
Joseph Porter ..... ...
MjiHilIT Fi3ri6 .......
j^. viawkA^luu. ....... a.
Watty Grant (colored)
Jerry Mohanna
Solomon N. Snyder . . .
Albert L. Colby
John Tipton
Rupert Bohnaronger .
Charles Schmidt
Frederick Stnls
Henry H.Maler
Harvey Mclll vaine. . .
John P. Gardner
WiUiamMorria
Lorenso G. Tipton ... .
JohnHaU
Albert Robinson
SeptXlML*
* Added since preparation of original list.
UNION AUTHOBITIE8.
929
lAst ofpermma who put in rqsresentoHve rearviU, and names of recruits— CkmVd,
JXDLLHJL,
Btotrlei.
KaBoofprliieliwl.
Naoieof reomit.
Datoof ealL
Third
J. D. Bnokl«y
\VirliKDO.ReyBt>ldi
jAdi^^t Mh( &rorer ..«
Jnly 18.1864
Jnly 18.1864
Deo. 19,1864
Iflntb
Mra. Lmiih nowloff
Ktffbth
SMvtnel Bttrford . . .T
Jul tail BuffiDjKtoti,..
SSnd.............::.:::::
Walter B. Greed
Jerry WllJlamii
Jnly 18.1864
Jnly 18,1864
Jnly 18,1864
Jnly 18.1864
Deo. 19.1864
July 18.1864
July 18.1864
Jnly 18.1864
July 18.1864
July 18,1864
July 18.1864
Jnly 18.1864
Jnly 18.1864
Jnly 18.1864
Jnly 18.1864
Jnly 18.1864
Jnly 18.1864
Jnly 18,1864
Biffhtb
Clark Derol
M ■It'ni' Ovflrtjofi
'iJ?.:::::::::::::::::::.
Nelaon Fordvoe
Frmnk Wbaeler. . . *,,
Kinth
OwirgR' W- WooOa
Slfbth
Williain Gailev
Levi H. Hutch . ,.,
Kteth
John A. Heniokii
Jicoh K.ut;bfir
Do
. ...do
CifM^rce MaCnarv
Do
Mre.JohnA.Herrioke
Relief Jackeon
Allnn BoLId
lEiftith
Tblrd
H.H.14arleT
Sioth
Mr«. Mary Marble
Klffbth
OeorceHebeker
Tlif^iUAA Stiltm+Hf^^..
Nto?r..!.....::::.::::.:.:
John Kevnolda
Henry Fi*li&r
Do
do
Stxtb
Henry Sohnnll
JofiEi Sbfrt ........
Do
James M.Toinlin«>n
JaniMi G. Wriirbt
Jt^hn Kuiselt *
Third
WiUlnm Ei«gtn
Eighth
Joeepb Ynndt
ILLINOIS.
Diatriet
Kama of i»rlnoi]»aL
George Armon
Mrs. Wright Allen...
Harahall Avert
Channo|^ T. Bowen . .
James HTBowen
George L. Bowen
Angnntna H. Bnrley .
William Bnrria
Jacob Bales .
Jobn Burrowman
Coonrod Behrens
Howard Z. CnlTor
CbarlesX.GnlTer
Mrs. William H. Carter .
ThomaaCburch
Frederick Collins .
First..
Second
Ninth..
First..
Do.
Do.
Do.
Fifth..
Sixth..
Tenth .
Do.
First..
Do.
Do.
Do.
Foorth
Fifth , Nathaniels. Curtis..
Fonrth ' Gershom & Dimmook
SeTsnth j Joseph Dale
Do I CbarlesM.Dsle
First Jobn F. Eberbsrdt . . .
Do A]ex.N.Fnllerton ...
Do Mrs.C.aFarwell....
Do .. . Henry Famam
Do J. TT Freer
Do 8ar'uu''l T. Frufl
Fourth ' MfttUiew Fijil»y
Tenth Jfrr«b Fiiiber
First Gwrffo W*Gag«*--..
Fourth Eiy^h Goto ......
Do M r». KHjab Gove
First i GHbt^rt Hobbsrd,....
Do I Jc»*»'nlJ H. Huflbut,,.
Do I Charleft M. Eoffe.
Do ■ C.V: r\Hold«a,
Do , L. P.HItllu^
Do I C.N.Holden
Do I Mrs.Sarmh J. Holdtn
Third ' NalUaniel HKldtrTubia
Sixth JcHH*ph II. Hterd.
Do I Gp<^rg« V. Hullng
Tenth I Lti mrjjtia Harpooi
De ! B'^iiiimuiB f" HaaU^r
First JritifL F. Irwin ,
Do Cu pt. W t< 1. J iiiitfh. prt)T. mi
Seeond I Mtj* Kkb*ni Jifeksi.n
SoTSBth ! B[9liir:Mn^ itfrtiuJii^ti
First i G<M^r|tBM.KJtMb*rk
Do i C Kjuin „
Name of reomit.
John Macoboy
Benjamin Clark
James Elwood
Andrew Long
James Kelsey
Charles W. Brent
Thomaa Ward
William Thomas
Tbomas W. Damner . .
JohnR.Haster
JosepbusEirk
James Smith
Jobn Cook
Zach.y.Purdy
Henry L. Marabam. . .
WiUlamC.Diokhnt..
AmoaP.Jones
AlTin&Blsek
Hen ryDixcm
WiUiamHillev
Colnrobus M. Pope. . . .
Wesley Stnbbs
Ferdinand Fox
James Smedt
Charles W. Roberte. . .
James Oakes
WiUiam Black
Alfred M. Walton....
Daniel Higginbottom.
Daniel Crmuey
George F. voeth
Edwin Crane
Frederick B. Bowman
JohnTSiferd
AloosoP.Ide ,
Henry P. Merlstt
Lonia Winter
Harris Dnrkee
Hugh McConnell
Huron Warren
George Smith
Daniel Harlan
Jobn Browner
Jobn R. Powley
Daniel Cbsdd
Cbrintisn Lnck
Daniel A. Radley
Whitfield N.Altey....
Gerard Smith
Date of
enlistment.
Aug
Sept
Sept
July
July
Jnly
Mar.
Sept
Mar.
Oct
Oct
Jnly
July
Maf.
Mar.
Feb.
Sept
Feh.
Aug.
Aug.
Feb.
Aug.
Sept
Nor.
Feb.
Feb.
Dec.
Oct
Apr.
Jan.
Jan.
Aug.
Ang.
Sept
Feb.
Feb.
Mar.
Mar.
Ang.
Sept
Not.
Oct
Nov.
Mar.
Mar.
Sept
Ang.
Aug.
Feb.
10,1864
5.1864
30,186^
27.1864
27.1864
28.1864
1.1866
8.1864
80,1866
81.1864
81.1864
29.1864
29,1864
13.1865
16,1865
27,1865
1.1864
20.1866
26,1864
26.1864
27,1885
17,1864
6.1864
7,1864
25,1865
27.1865
19, 1864
31,1864
8.1865
5.1865
6,1865
8.1864
19,1864
8,1864
15.1866
21.1865
10.1865
10.1865
1.1864
6.1864
17,1864
81,1864
14.1864
1.1865
10.1865
6.1864
22,1864
8.1864
16.1865
59 R R — SERIES ni, VOL V
930
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
List of persons who put in representative reeruUs, and names of rocrtnts— Oont*d.
ILLIKOIS-Continaed.
District.
Kame of principal.
VaDMofrBcmlt.
Date of
enliatnenk
Second
Sixth..
Tenth .
First..
Second
Ninth .
First..
Do.
Do.
Do.
Third..
Fonrth
Do.
Sixth..
Third..
First..
Do.
Second
Fourth
Sixth..
Do.
First ..
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Seoond
Do.
Fonrth
Sixth..
Ninth..
First..
Second.
Do.
Third..
Fifth..
First..
Do.
Second
Fonrth
Do.
EUshaA-Kirk
Calvin Knowlton
John K. Kellenberger .
Mrs. J. T. Lester
Mrs. F.B. Latham
James 0. Leonard..
Mrs. Marian Hanger
Master Tl[es]ey Monger..
Henry S. McGraw.
Hugh Martin
HenryA-MiUs
Mrs. Anna MnFadden
John L. Moore
A. H. Marsh
John Nycum
H.G. Powers
WiUiam Pratt
Mrs. Mary Peniield
WiUiam B. Powers
Edwin Porter
N.S. Pierce
George L. Raymond
, B.W7lUymond
Robert Sold
Mrs. Rowena P. Reynolds . .
I Charles B. Sawyer
i Mrs. Cherrick Sboonmaker.
I Mrs. Ostrom Stone
I John W. Sueneer
; George 8. Stubbins
Mr8.TiOuisa Spear
Edward J. Tinkham
WaitTalcott
Sylvester Talcott
I Jos. L. Tomlinson
' JaneUnderhiU
I Evart Van Barsn
Jos. Linton Waters
' Mrs. E. B. Wilder
1 Edward Wells
I Mrs. Edward Wells
WsrrsD P. Sheffield I Sept.
MartinB.Hale Sepk
Lewis J.Linn OcL
LeriSamee Mar.
GUbertHays SepL
Charles Linthecoma ' SepL
JohnMeAfee Aug.
John Maossoer Aug.
George W. Crane Aug.
BaylorTarlor Apr.
Thomas MoConnell ' Aug.
AngnsiVogel Feb^
Thomas Watson Feb.
QeorgeSweet SepL
QeoigeKlnaey Aug.
Henry Carrier Mar.
DanielGrose Mar.
RasseU T.Page SepL
Jamee H. Eastwood Jan.
Henry Mayan SepL
A]ex.M.Friland SevL
Rudolph Zanker July
James Hart..... Aug.
Joseph Gotthelf.
Irrea. J
Henry Soonders
Henrv Newmaier
Franx Sohimmelpfenig .
Lemuel Lewia
James Parker
Edward Boulter
Knmk Foley
Charles H. Redingfam . . .
John W. Whipple
Harrison Clay Skeels. . .
Thomas R Stereas
Avers Arnold
Aasm Simpson
Michael Driver
Silas E. Bristol
CarlWalstadi
Mar.
Apr.
SeH
Sept
SepL
SspL
Apr.
Feb.
Feb.
SepL
SepL
tin
Feik.
S8,1I64
SI, UN
11,1«B
C,18M
6.1164
1,1664
8»!664
S4.16B4
8.1686
•,1614
21, UK
27.ue
8»16I4
•.1«64
6.166S
10.1666
2.1864
6. 160
26,1664
27,1664
26.1614
16.1864
C166S
6.1666
6.1664
6^1864
6.1664
6,1664
14.16K
14.1666
2L186I
1,1664
26,1664
26.16H
2,1664
6.1664
21.1666
6,1664
20,)66S
20. IMS
MICHIGAK.
District
Kame of principal.
Name of reoruiL < ^Jjji'
Fourth
Channoev B. Allvn
Jamee Douglass ' Feb. 11,1666
.T&mMk RaII . . An« Sft 1SBA
First
Aastin Burt
Second
Walton J. Barnes
Augustus Thies Aug. 16. 1664
Stephen Ladon Sept 26. 1664
George Russell Ang. 6.1664
Mustered by Captain Barry; Aug. ~. 1664
unknown.
Warr«>n Rn>wn JnW S 1M4
Do
Israel Bostwick
Do
Edwin R. Clark
Do
J.J.Denuis
Do
Georse D. Ford
First
Daniel W Heath .. ......
Do
Clinton H. J ohnaon
Cbrisler Lamperan Aug. 16.1864
George Brightman Sep! 6,1864
Alonao McLaughlin SepL 6.1664
PhiUnderS-Aflen Aag.a6.1664
Briggs A. Whipple Sep! 8.1864
Freaferiok Wilflams J u\y 26.1864
George B. Sage Aug. 16,1664
Seoond
iTohn H. iTonfM
Do
William Joseoh . .
Do
Edwin O T^mnhere
Third
Georire Luther. .. .
First
E. J renuimsn
Do
Bradford Smith
UNION AUTHORITIES.
931
Ijui of ptr90M who put in representative reeruiU, and names o/ rccruite— Cont'd.
WISCONSIN.
Diatrict.
Name of principal.
S.Brj-ant
Do Henry Booker .
Second JervisBemis...
Do R. G.Benedict..
Fourth
Fifth...
Foarth .
Second..
Foarth .
First ...
Fifth...
Sixth...
Second..
Fourth .
Do..
SUth...
Do..
FlPit....
Flrat....
Sixth...
Second..
Foarth .
First....
Second..
Foarth .
Sixth...
Thomais N. Blaokatock .
Henry J. Cowles
William H. Doe
George End
Alexander Graham
George S. Graves
Jefferson P. Harlow . . . .
Henry Hewett
John T. Kingston
John M.May
Jii/i>eH H- i^frrjtdi
C F. >[fKjrft
K. S. MiD€»r
Waller D McTodoe
Dant«^| NftwbtU
RT Pfimber...
DnnfolO. HDg^ri^
JcliD Hflunia
Bll A Sjwnwr,.
Mthon ts\SIiiimunB
E, U bimp#oii ,,,
CLarIrt J . Tuggert
J, 0 Tb aver.
TboiUAt VVwton
Name of recruit.
Date of call.
rrev A. Tjixlor Joly
I'fTBrnwti July
Juri'fTBrnwti". July
Ed w&rd Martin July
AdttR. Grveb July
Bimazi McbwAlbe I July
Calvin Tstnith i July
Cbar]i^F. W«wJ. Jnly
C»rl FJck
Diiiiaj.DmDxi
EiB«^rr A. hrvrin -...
TliamMtMldl
DFimirf T. Tiirkfy ..
JoIjd C^ HiAt^blnj^on
NMl^oii Fr HAii«tulph
Obauoo*^^ F«rbu-ih .
Kan^iF. Sfiti Camp..
Fulfil k CHlbrtdae..
H, Mipntin*OrrJck...
Au|ni§LMilri^r
G*?-Hrijii M. Of*rch ...
Vftlcntjnp) (' Jfoblet
Mof^kn (nislrV ......
SehfiMtljin HiitHh....
Cbarli^ ii Howlflfl ..
Kic^iai-il S1:t|;!iSrr> ...
Gi^^^ri;--' n.rojt,
John Herman
Samuel Bernard
Jnly
July
July
July
July
JiUy
Jnly
Jnly
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
Jnly
July
Dec.
July
July
July
18.1864
]8,18«i
18,1864
1R.1864
18.1864
18,1864
18,1864
18.1864
18,1864
18,1864
18.1864
18.1864
18,1864
18,1864
18,1864
18,1864
18,1864
18,1864
18,1864
18,1864
18,1864
18,1864
18,1864
18,1864
19. 18<t4
18,1864
18,1864
18.1861
IOWA.
Third..
Sixth..
First ..
Foarth
Third..
Socond.
First..
Second.
Do.
Fifth..
Do.
Second.
Thiid..
Fifth ..
Second.
Do.
Fourth
Second.
Third..
WHlJois B. AJXtlQiL^...
Stetphflii 11. A YTfs . . . I, .
Jii^JiiB Clark'
JoIjh B. Coulter ..*.*,
J. lluncni) ....... ..^ ,« ,,
C. Stewart Ell^..-.^.*.
JohDlL^. Footed. ..^,,.„
Duniet] GuuLd- + + . ►.
Tluthuii F Hnbt^vd...
G. Hollaiia
H.M.Hoiie .,„.,,....
R«vttl L. Miwk.
Jo^aD Merrltt ,
Pi<U^rMv<*r*
HiT*iii Trie*.
W<tliatn A. Httmlngton
l.PijiTJel Ei. R«)m(j]da...
KobertSmylh,......,,
P. C. Sampaun ..,
Myron Booth
Joshua N.Miller...
Peter Brown
AnsellMann
John Harrington ...
Albert Stratber
Frank Hoskins
Nathan J. Leamar .
George W. Moss...
Jesse Baldwin
LevlB.Maulsby...,
Joseph Page
Danfurd Weaver. . .
Andrew J. Bans —
James W. Morrison.
Charles W. Hazen . ,
George Fleck
James Conntryman .
John W. AmoOd . . .
July
July
July
July
July
July
Juiy
July
July
July
July
Jnly
Jnly
Jnly
July
July
Dec.
July
July
18.1864
18. 1864
18.1864
18,1864
18,1864
18,1864
18,1864
18,1864
18.1864
18,1864
18,1864
18.1864
18,1864
18,1864
18.1864
18.1864
19.1864
18,1864
18,1864
MINNESOTA.
District.
Name of principal.
Name of recruit. *
Date of
mustsr.
First
John A. Matthews . .
Charles Kidnev
Mar 28. 1866
Second
Roffei S. Manirer
Albert A Morrell
Ang. 19. 1864
Aug. 23, 1864
Do
Joel A. Whitney
Beso Potvene
MISSOURI.
Fonrth
Martin 0. Hnbblft
Christopher C. Tribley
Jan. 27,1866
932
CORRE8PONDEVCE, ETC.
Liat ofpenons who put in rtprtseniaUve reentiUy and names of reemlte— Ooofd.
KAH8A8.
Kameofpriiieipia.
KameoTnenift.
Sntoof
LeftyMiworth
WiUlftm ClonclL Jr
laomWdoh
Jan. 7, tm
Do
lflftsMar7B.Gloagli
KliMUift Hmtoy ...
Mv. >V!,t«W
Do
John Price
Jan. T.IMK
S:::::::::::::::::::::
Artlinr P Hmv^w* _-„,.„,,,
John Krampwrto.
Jan. 7, UK
KeniMknk
I)r.JobnB.Inin
AitAij%VtAT.
Doe. vLimk
IiMITODWOrth
ICn. Jobaan* Knots
Dutel W. wnder
CbanM ThompMn
F^b. S7iial5
Do
John Bwomoy'^
Dec I^IIM
Jan. 7,]M
Atffhtwn
itamiMl F. Walton
Lorln S. Harfto
BBOAPITULATION.
II
Kew Hampahtre .
Yennont.
Bhode Island
Connecticnt
KewYork
Kew Jersey
Peanajlvania
Delaware
Maryland
District of Colnmbla. .
West Virginia
65
88
10
586
S
6
119
6
US
Ohio.
Indiana
nUnois.
Ifiohigsa
Wlsoi •
Iowa.
mnn
Miseonri
Total nomber of
reemito.*
tt
Uft
a
IS
n
18
8
1
8
War Department Adjutant-General's Office,
Waahingiony March t8^ 1866.
Hon. E. M. Stanton,
Secretary of War:
Sm: I have the honor to submit the following smnmary exhibit in
regard to the volunteer troops of the Army of the United States, viz:
SUMMARY.
White.
Colored.
Aggrsfata.
Tn nm^iw Jan.9.1M6a r Tr,r- x..
57.500
«7,171
65,766
88.814
m,is6
68.885
In serTioe Mar. 10. 1866
30,419
10.106
"VSi
19.788
40.685
"•-
n^oft
a This number is that recently connittnloated to the Honao of Beprssentatiyea in anawar to • fsa^
Intion dated January 5, 1866.
The musters out ordered will be mostly completed by May 1 (the
work will be well advanced by April 10), and there will then be left
in service 17,065 white volunteers and 30,217 colored; total, 47,282.
It is proper to add that the Seventeenth Regiment U. S. Infantry has
been ordered to Texas, and upon its arrival Major-General Sheridan
* Since the preparation of this statement 4 have been added— S from Maine, 1
from the Diatrict of Colmnbia, and 1 from Ohio— making a total of 1,9BS.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 933
has been ioBtructed to muster out all additional white volunteers in
that department (there are now in service there 3,681 white, present
and absent) that he can spare. This contemplated reduction will be
in addition to that referred to in the summary.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
AMtatant A^jtUant-Oenercd.
MOBILB, Ala., April 4, 1866.
General Joseph Holt,
Jtidge-Advocate-Oeneral :
The proclamation of the Prebident is unofficially before me.* I
have several cases ready and pending against citizens before commis-
sions. Shall I proceed with or suspend them if writs of habeas
corpus are issued in cases already tried? Please advise me what
course I shall pursue.
C. R. WOODS,
Mc^or-Oeneral.
tlnderitmapi.]
War Depabtmbnt, April 5, 1866.
In the opinion of this Department the President's proclamation of
the dd r 2dJ of April does not invalidate proceedings before military
tribunals having jurisdiction of the alleged offenses, nor divert or
limit the jurisdiction or authority of such tribunals. But it is a dec-
laration of the President's purpose to dispense with such tribunals to
the utmost possible extent consistent with the public peace and wel-
fare and rely on the appropriate action of civil authorities. All
pending trials may be proceeded in to final adjudication, remitting
the sentences to the Judge- Advocate-General for review before exe-
cution. All other cases should be transferred to the civil authorities
or discharged, except such special cases as in the judgment of the
military commander should be submitted to the Executive for special
instructions upon the facts, of which a full and clear detail should be
made to enable the President to decide the proper action. In respect
to writs of habeas corpus, they should be obeyed without resistance
by military authority unless otherwise instructed upon special facts
to be reported by the military commandant to superior authority in
Washington.
EDWIN M. STANTON,
Secretary of War.
Ofbicb of Chief Engineer, U. S. Military Railroads,
JVashington, D. 0., April U, 1866.
General D. C. McCalluk,
Director and General Manager Military Railroads U. 8.:
General: I have the honor to submit the following final rei)ort
showing the amount and cost of work done for construction and main-
tenance of way on the several military railroads in what was the
Militazy Division of the Mississippi, and also on the military railroads
in the Department of North Carolina. This rei)ort only embraces the
oi>erations on these roads subsequent to the time they were placed in
•Embodied in General Orders, No. 84, October 4, 1866, p. 1007.
934 COBRESPONDENCEy ETC.
your charge. There are no means at my command of ascertaining
the amount of work done or its cost previous to that time.
The railroads included in this report in the Military Division of the
Mississippi are the Nashville and Chattanooga, Shelbyville Branch,
McMinnville and Manchester, Nashville and Decatur, Mount Pleasant
Branch, Memphis and Charleston (Eastern Division), Chattanooga
and Knoxville, Cleveland and Dalton Branch, Nashville and North-
western, Chattanooga and Atlanta, Rome Branch, Atlanta and Macon,
Nashville and Clarksville, Knoxville and Bristol, Rogersville Branch,
Memphis and Charleston (Western Division), Mississippi Central,
Mobile and Ohio, Louisville City; and in the Department of North
Carolina the Atlantic and North Carolina, Wilmington and Weldon,
North Carolina, Raleigh and Gaston.
The cost of material used and labor performed on buildings is not
included in the following statements of cost. All other materials not
specified are included in the cost of labor. Having made full reports
to you under date of May 20 and November 30, I860, of all opera-
tions on the military railroads in North Carolina while I filled the
position of chief engineer and general superintendent, I deem it
unnecessary to repeat them here, and have therefore in this report
confined myself exclusively to the items of construction and mainte-
nance of way.
On the 19th of December, 1863, 1 i-eceived your order to accompany
you *'t<o Chattanooga, Tenn., with such i)ortion of the construction
force as could be spared from the front" in Virginia.
One division of the Construction Corps, num^ring about 285 men,
was taken, and we arrived in the Military Division of the Mississippi
on the 1st of January, 1864. At the time of our arrival the Nashville
and Chattanooga Railroad (151 miles long, extending from Nashville
to Chattanooga) was being operated between Nashville and Bridge-
port, and the Tennessee River and Running Water bridges were
building. Our construction force was at once put to work between
Bridgei>ort and Chattanooga, the bridge builders to assist in the com-
pletion of the Running Water and other bridges, and the track layers
to repair the track and relay the portion that had been destroyed.
This work was completed and the first train run into Chattanooga on
the 14th of January, some three weeks sooner thau was deemed pos-
sible previous to our taking charge of the woj-k. There was great
rejoicing in the army in Chattanooga at the completion of the rail-
road, and feeling confident that a sufficiency of supplies could now
be obtained, the chief commissary of the Department of the Cumber-
land issued full rations to the whole army on and after that day, the
first time this had been done since the occupation of the town.
Although this road was now completed, it was not in condition to
sustain the heavy traffic that would necessarily be thrown upon it
when General Sherman's whole army would have to be supplied over
it. The superstructure was old and much worn and had never been
of first-class character. The rail used was light and of the U -pattern
and laid on longitudinal stringers, which were so much decayed in
many places that they would not hold the spikes. Accordingly orders
were given to relay the track over the whole road with T-rail in the
best manner. For this work, and that to be done on the other lines
which were to be opened up, a large additional force was required, and
arrangements were at once made for an abundant supply of men.
The work of relaying the track was pix)secuted steadily until comple-
tion, though necessarily at a great disadvantage in consequence of
UKIOK AUTHORmBa.
9S5
the large number of trains oonstantlj on the road. When turned
over to the company the road was in every respect in excellent con-
dition. The following statement embraces the whole construction
work done on this line, with the exception of some small pieces of
track rebuilt, which had been destroyed by guerrillas, and of which
no account was kept.
Track,
Rebailt in lint Instanoe 115
RelraUtalt«r Wheeler's raid In 1M4 7
BelmUt after Hood'ninraaion 7|
Total main track ISf
<9tde»/radbi.
Location.
WaahTttle
Barracka
Glen Cliir Station .
Aatioch
La Vergne
Smyrna
8tono*aBlv«r
WInated
Cbriatfana
Foaterrllle
Kormandy
Tnllahoma
BaUll Springs
Decherd
Cowan
Length.
FttL
1,600
2,868
090
696
2,960
1,660
1.406
1,600
776
099
609
1,689
18.732
970
Location.
Tnnnel...
Tantalon.
Condit.....
Anderaon.
Bolivar.
Bridgeport...
Carpenter'a...
AUey'aSpor..
White^e....
Hooker
Chattanooga..
Total...
Length.
FetL
264
1,800
2,000
854
1.078
1,640
9,472
1,087
180
860
880
10.071
100,177
Main track
Side traok, 100,277 fiset, or..
MUea.
. 129|
. 19
Total track laid by OoTemment 148|
Bridgea.
No.
Location.
Height.
Length.
Remarka
Mm Creek, No. 1
MiU Creek, No. 2
Mill Creek, No. 8
Hanicane
Smyrna
Stewart's Creek
Overairs Creek
Stone's River
Lytle'a Creek
Mnrfteesborough
Do
Do
Creek Branch
Stone's River (East Fork) .
Christiana
Bellbuckle
Bragg's Bridge
Wartrace
Garrison's Fork
Duck River
Poorhonse Creek
Elk River
Cowan Creek
Crow Creek (Sonth Fork) .
Dry Trestle, Nal
Dry Trestle, No. 2
Crow Creek, No. 1
Crow Creek, No. 2
Crow Creek. No. 8
Crow Creek, No. 4
Crow Creek, No.6
Asl.
Asl.
260
266
120
188
160
420
185
140
40
60
SO
870
78
82
128
241
178
850
100
470
160
160
84
75
225
225
848
254
160
Rebuilt flve thnee.
Rebuilt four timee.
Do.
Rebuilt three
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Not destroyed.
Rebuilt
Do.
Do.
Not deetroyed.
RebnUt.
Rebuilt twice.
Do.
Do.
Rebuilt
Do.
Rebuilt twice.
Rebuilt.
Do.
Not deetroyed.
Do.
Rebuilt
Do.
Do.
936
C0BB£8P01IDENC£y ETC.
Bridges— ConHanod,
Ko.
Crow Creek, Ko.e..
CrrjwCTMlE.yo.T..
Utow Crwik.Ko.ai-.
trow Cr«k. No-9.
CtQW CiTtek. No. 10,
Crw* Crvek.Kfli. 11.
TftLinuMe (iivcrr
BeiLR CtcqiIe
WkIow iCrwk....
DryCrwt, No.l,..
Kjck^^nck ----.._-
DiyCreek.No.a...
HryTTettle
RunDliiff VTBter . - .
LookoutCreek
CTietUiLODg'a „.,..,
Helfhl
Jtet
8
12
18
11
n
10
tA
22
84
34
16
120
S6
88
JjtngOL
A0l.
100
155
143
234
240
100
127
140
20B
801
155
Kot deetroyed.
Reborn.
Do.
Not deetroyod.
BelmUt.
Do.
Do.
BelmUt twiee.
Boboilt.
KobnUt twioo.
Bobnilt.
ToUl brldginir 10.5a
Amoont rebiint 12»2I8
A portion of this bridging was built by contract,
contract work was $386,216.71.
The total cost of
Water atationa.
Where bnllt
i^
Wbere built.
II
NMbTille
Florence ................. ................
FoilervlUe. . .T:.
CfaristUmft
Oarriaon'a Fork
fiellbuokle
Decbetd
NormaDd V ......rr,--T....T...T«, ...........
TaoUtlon
OOWen r.-r»,-t..,..T.TT^^..,r...r
Stevenson
Anderson
Cbattanoogn
Poison Hollow
Total
Antioch
»
UmOH AUTHOBTFIBB.
937
The following tabular statement shows the cost of labor performed
on this road for construction and maintenance of way, and the num-
ber of men in the Construction Corps employed each month:
Oanstnietiaii Corps.
Kmnber
of men.
AjDoantof
p«7*roUt.
TniwporU-
Uon
Bepaitmont.
AmouBtof
pAj-iolk.
Total.
Jamutty..
Febnuoy.
Mftroh....
^.;::::
Jane
July.
18M.
Aofuat
Sofrteobor.
Ootober..
XFoTanbor .
Jtamary...
Felmuay..
Ifwoh.....
April
lAy
Jane
Jnly
Angiut —
September.
1868.
887
4S0
144
181
808
167
80S
64
66'
688
60
67
07
111
107
68
61
081, 180. 18
86,188.08
26; 784. 46
16.884.18
18.188.81
ll.ri.86
18.866w6S
10.006.78
7,680.66
8,80L0O
8,6U.78
81,800.81
8,68&00
4,880.00
6.078.60
7,888.00
7,748.76
4,087.76
8,648.86
063.270.78
61,070.14
88,288.07
88,077.16
00.046.80
01.684.68
108,878.88
118.048.78
106,448.78
00.188.64
li4,668L40
U0,044.36
144,000.61
166.488.61
164,676.61
117,828.80
68,401.68
61, 84a 14
67,087.67
81.868.81
081,180.16
88.464.66
78,764.80
00.668.16
108,100187
111,817.66
106,801.18
118,877.18
110,682.88
110.884.78
102,607.88
186.868.80
118,6
148,1
171.406.11
168,007.61
ia6,07&06
78.880.88
68,888.88
67.087.07
81.868.81
Total
Mouthly averege .
880,788.68
18,146.60
1,016,760.00
06,788.48
2,146,668.61
102,216.84
Summary of cost.
Qnaatlty.
Total ooat.
Matoriala:
Iroo raOa tana.
Chairs poonda.
dpflcaa do...
C^oao-tlaa
11,000
606.000
802,600
802,667
$120 per tan
8 oenta per pound .
a canto per pound .
oenta per tie....
01,428,000.00
47,600.00
76.862.60
108,278.60
Labor ezdnaiTe of that done on bnildinga .
Contract work on bridges
1.747.741.00
1,046.668.68
886,216.71
Total.
4,078,611.88
The Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad was relinquished as a mili-
tary road and turned over to the company September 15, 1865.
THB^NASHVILLB AND DBCATUB RAILROAD
Extends from Nashville to the Memphis and Charleston Railroad at a
point near Decatur, Ala., and is 120 miles long. The repairs were
completed and the road opened in March, 1864. Much of the work in
opening it the first time was done by soldiers, and I have no account
of the cost of what they did. General Dodge was in command of the
force employed on this work. The following statements show the
amount of work done and the cost of that done by the Military Rail-
road Dex)artment:
Track,
Mllea.
Hain toaek rebuilt in flrat inataaoe 8
Main traolc rebuilt after Forreat'a raid 7|
Main traok rebuilt altar Wbeeler'a raids 22
Total main traok "JSl
938
CORRESPONDBVCB^ ETC.
LOQStiOB.
Vm&L
Bftton l>»pot
Ltoe
Ktt#K vilvT Jnn^on , .
,
•^s
Brentwood
FrftnMfn .
280
Colambfft
I ISO
Prospect
600
▲thrae
1*466
1,176
Deofttar Janctkni ..
Add Dudn track relraJlt
14,015
10,686
Toul
m,666
Or 34 mllee 815 feet.
Bridges,
Vo.
Heicbt.
Lsogtb.
RMnarka.
Rebuflt.
BiDim'iCfeek
Lht1,i Hirpeth
8jp ^^ Creek
Ifl, ih
Asl.
12
14
17
88
18
12
15
18
21
20
20
80
26
27
80
50
72
14
14
29
87
42
18
82
87
85
12
41
88
40
10
80
71
5
9
10
11
11
11
6
16
Asl.
88
74
88
187
5B
58
21
112
184
94
94
235
130
966
295
270
627
22
22
282
1,130
687
126
160
Jtet
BeboUt twioe and partly rebnilt twice. .. .
454
yy biiE.eth
Ne^i . i^rmg HUl
SpriiiK Creek
Ci rt^ir ^ i. :reek, Na 1 .
Carter rt fftfOk, No.2 .
Cart* r H rrBek,Na8 .
Car[i^r^rrBek,No.4 .
Cait' r >4 Creek, No. 5 .
Rntherford's Creek,
No.l.
No. 2.
Rntberford*s Creek.
RebnUt twioeand parUj rebailt twice. . . .
do
286
479
10
do
235
n
12
18
14
15
Rebnnt twice and parUy rebuilt once. . . .
Rebuilt twice and partly rebuilt twice. . . .
Rebuilt three times and partly rebnUt
twice.
Rebuilt twice and pMlly rebuilt three
times.
do
218
567
456
721
811
16
17
18
No. 8.
Rotberfoid's Creek,
No. 4.
Dnok Riyer
Rebuilt twice and pwrUy rebuilt twice. . . .
Rebuilt twice
678
1«26A
T.vtU'arriMV
19 ' tf nrricAoe Creek
20 Harria Trestle
21 Ka1l4>k» T^Mtie
BebuQt
1.180
22 CrTMtitt ■ Trestle .....
do
«7
23 Robinson's Forks
do
116
24 KiobUnd Croek, No. 1
RebuUt twice
820
25 Kiohland Creek, No. 2
180
180
do
860
26 Ricbland Creek. No. 8
do
860
27 Pigeon Roost Cxeek . .
28 Ricbland Croek No. 4.
50
815
822
625
48
880
570
62
102
184
64
840
129
226
275
Rsbuilt !
50
Rebuilt twice
€80
29 1 Tnnn*l Twiatl*
jKebuilt
88
80
SikRiTer
Rebuilt three times
1,875
81
82
Mill Creek
Rebuilt
880
BR
White Snlpbnr
ICndCxeek
do
9V9
M
do
a
85
... do
. ...do
161
86
Atbens Creek
do
do
131
87
.... do
61
88
Swan Creek
do
316
89
do
do
120
40
Black Creek
do
2»
41
Jonotion Trestle
Total xaax.
:::;:do::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
275
9.566
14,721
Total bridging.,
rebiiflt.
Amount reb
V^st
9.556
14.720
Total built by Ooremment K475
Or 4 miles 3,155 ftet.
A portion of this bridging was built by oontraot, the oost of whioh
amounted to $637,768.46.
UNION AUTH0BITIB8.
Water 9t€tHon»,
939
Little HMpeth
WMtHarpMh.
Lytle's Creek..
Paleeki.
Gerter'8 Greek.
LrniiTiUe
„ IfeerToiuiel...
1 I MeDoneld'i....
t\\ Total....
1
1
1
1
"5
The following tabular statement shows the cost of labor on this
road for construction and maintenance of way, and the number of
men in the Construction Corps employed each month:
IfOBtb.
Gonetmetion Corpe.
Nnmber
of men.
Amoont of
pey>roUe.
Traneportft-
tion
Depertment.
Amonnt of
pey-roUe.
Totel.
1864.
Febmery..
MATOh
April
Jane
Jaly
Auffoet.....
Septemb«r..
October
It oTonber . .
Jeonary...
Febnury..
Marob
^:;::::
Jnne
July
Angoat....
September. .
564
1.306
1,320
601
309
76
150
ToUl
Monthly aTora^ .
4,227
#5,850.71
32,238.82
78,187.28
27,616.96
19,686.46
6,801.25
6.574.50
I&.N1.75
10. «^ 1.99
11.41J5 07
1^ ;^ftO 10
!n, :!Oft. 39
IK, h?R. 20
2n. ;^7l 16
■2:\. :k^.T. 62
^7,i>4a.23
21,U<>.85
11fl.?»l 87
82,068.73
26,5ia82
29,034.54
28,248.64
27,760.82
22,606.06
17,382.18
20.983.96
3,869.15
177,045.91
25,290.27
515.850.00
25,762.50
63,641.76
10,631.99
15,405.07
18.209.10
16,209.89
18.828.20
26,574.16
23,857.51
27,048.28
27,000.56
157,580.69
110,245.96
54,185.77
48,720.99
35,134.89
83,886.82
22.506.06
17,382.18
20.988.96
8,869.15
692,885.91
34.641.79
Summary of cost.
Ironraila tone.
Chairs pounds .
Spikea do...
Croea-ties
6180 per ton
8 cents per ponnd .
aoenta per ponnd.
cents per tie....
Labor 6602.885.91
Oootraot work on bridges 549,826.13
Total.
Total coat.
6827.840.00
10,880.00
17,340.00
60,420.00
416,480.00
1,342,162.01
1.668,642.01
The Nashville and Decatur Railroad was relinquished as a military
rt)9d and turned over to the company September 15, 1865.
940
C0BRE8POMOBNC8, BlC.
THB MEMPHIS AND CHABLB8TON RAII.BOAD
Extends from Memphis, Tenn., to Stevenson, Ala., and is 271 miles
long. The eastern end of this line, from Stevenson to near Decator,
eighty miles long, was repaired and put in running order in March,
1864. The following statements show the amount of work done on it
by this department and the cost of same:
Trade.
Matntmok 11,411
Sidlonat-
Ueeatvir Janctloii fli
FteklOT'fl fW
Storenaon IkM
CbOtenoofa 1,M
TMaltndk KUI
Or4mi]MS»9«f6e».
Bridges,
Lontion.
U^t
LMffth.
»«-*.
Et^bmOL
LitttoPliMy
JM.
16
11
10
IS
a
96
17
26
U
18
14
16
106
186
no
76
86
164
666
871
816
816
606
HtHIH
JM:
106
BIffPfllfiT : rr ..-r
do
....^d#
SO
::::^S ::::::".::!::;:
n
BMTorDBm ...,
Bndford'a CiMk
4o
TndfKiCT««k ..T. ..,,... T .r--
Babnill
184
VlintBiTer
IMralHtwiM
081
Hiirrlouie Cniak
BdtaUl
ItobttlliiwlM
m
Paint Book
081
IMnlh
818
Grow Graek
do
888
Totel
6.446
6,716
Total toidgliig
Dodoo* amoon* not dastro jad . .
X4m
. m
A portion of this bridging was built by contract and cost 188,442.33.
Water tftoHana.
WiMMlNlilt
1^
WkmMlt.
UtUoPtaor
^
1
HunttrflloT
HaarWoodrflia ..*..
1
Ovrie7*a
8ta?«na«n
4
Total.. X
Indian Omfi
16
UNION AUTHORITIES.
941
The following* statement shovs the oost of labor for constmotion
and maintenance of way:
M«Bth.
January ..
Felmuay.
Marob....
April
J&::::::
July.
Lncnat
lapuDiber.
OelolMr..
lioTaiDDar •
▲flMNllltof
paj.volli.
fl.a38.86
1,884.88
7,168.68
8,588.88
U, 184. 42
8,418.68
18,887.07
18,178.75
18.881.60
10.874.97
14,80^41
January..
February.
March....
Jane
July.
Anmt
8e|NCBiber.
Total...
Monthly
A-OMranlof
pay-roUa.
$16,088.86
18,86«.40
14,517.80
14.181.81
18,880.40
U, 858. 08
8,601.05
10,401.06
7,788.41
n6,806.18
10,816w40
Summary of ooti.
Mnteriala:
Iron mils.
Cbairt
tolkea....
Croaa-ttoo.
Lnbor
Oontraol work c
$180 per ton
Ooentaperponnd.
acenta per ponnd,
oentopertte....
$816,808.18
, 88,412.88
Total.
Total eoet
$48,800.00
1,440.00
8,106.00
IB. 75a 00
75.685.00
804,750.51
880.486.51
This portion of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad was relin-
quished as a military road and turned over to the company September
1, 1866.
THE CHATTANOOQA AND KNOXVILLE
Or East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad extends from Chattanooga
to Enoxville, 110 miles, with a branch fh>m Cleveland to Dalton
twenty-seven miles long. Repairs were commenced on this road in
January, 1864, and it was completed to the Tennessee River, at
Loudon, on the Idth of February following. The portion of the road
north of the Tennessee River had not been injured and was being
operated with the rolling-stock captured by the Union forces at
Knoxville. A trestle bridge over the Tennessee River was immedi-
ately commenced, and the work upon it had progressed so far that it
would have been completed on the 14th of March, but on the 25th of
February General Schofield, commanding the Department of the
Ohio, ordered the work to be stopped, and it was not resumed until
March 12. The trestle bridge was completed on the 13th of April,
and trains commenced running through between Chattanooga and
Enoxville.
Track.
The track of this road had been broken and injured in a number
of places, but none of the breaks were of great extent. The longest
one was that next to Chattanooga, being about three miles long. The
942
GOBBBSPOHDBNCE, ETC.
oroBS-tieB, however, over the whole load were very. much deoftyed,
and much work was done in replacing them with new ones after
trains commenoed running. The road was occasionally broken by
guerrillas, but never seriously injured until Wheeler's raid in August,
1864, when about twenty-five miles of track were torn up and
destroyed.
Mflas.
Main tnok laid in flnt iutanoe B|
After MvemI anudl nida 1
After Wlieeler'araJd in 1864 S
On Dalton bnnob, in flrat Inatanoa S
After Hood's invaakm 1|
Total main traok IT
SitfingK.
Chattanooga.
Stona Qnany
Toanol
Tyner'a
Ooltewah....
HcDooald'a..
Cleveland....
» Creek
I's ....
Length.
Feet,
1,166
660
S50
787
446
2,466
810
1,470
740
Location.
Sweetwater...
PhiUidelphla..
Lenolr'a
SawMiU
Brin
KnoxTille ....
Weatlegof Y
Totel....
Length.
JM.
BO
4,T80
I
17.1
Total length of traok laid. 88 mileo 1,801 fbet.
Bridges.
The only important bridges on this line are those over the Hiwassee
and Tennessee Rivers. Both of these were built of trestles in the
first place, but afterward replaced with permanent structures. The
following are the demensions of these bridges:
mwi
Total.
Total bridging buUt by Ooreinmeal, 4,008 feet.
The permanent bridges were built by contract and cost $161,990.26.
Water ataiioM.
Where bnilt.
Mnnber
of tanha.
Chattanooga..
Ooltewah
Tnnnel
RioeriUe
Sweetwater...
Total...
UNION AUTHORITIES.
943
The following tabular statement shows the cost of labor on this
road for construction and maintenanee of way, and the number of
men in the Construction Corps employed each month:
Ifootfa.
Tmwporto'
OoMtriMlioo Corps. Uon De-
partment.
Kninber
of men.
Amount of Amoantof
pey-roUe. pay-roUe.
T
Total.
18M.
Vebmary..
Hansh
Jane
July
Avgn«t
September.
Oelober....
November.
1.882
819
1,187
802
8a
$88,487.64
M.OM.U
08,284.60
4, 18ft. 00
8,986.78
794 44.688.84
1886.
January..
February .
March....
AprU
Y^y
June
July
Aognat...
Total
Monthly ayerage .
4.488
740
208,478.96
48,740.86
88,404.86
0,808.18
8,687.04
11, on. 08
11,821.80
18.518.26
16,888.04
12.868.48
908.14
17.080.76
20.224.04
27. 131. 03
80.229.93
26.844.91
16, no. 80
13,088.46
8,880.96
888.487.64
04.094.18
06,029.40
11. 048.78
12,682.88
11. on. 08
11.821.00
68,110.48
16,828.04
12.868.48
80&U
17,080.78
20.284.04
27.131.08
30.229.98
28.344.81
16.776.80
18.888.46
8.880.86
244.074.60
14,867.82
600.664.46
98.000.76
Summary of cost.
Qnantl^.
Bate.
Total coat.
Materiala:
Iron ralle
tons..
8.080
162.000
288,000
284,001
8120 per ton
8308,000.00
Ohaira .•
ponnde..
do
8 eente nernoimd
12.100.00
18, 240. 00
Spikee
H Mtntll "WtT TMnmd
Croea-ttmi
so oenta DOT tie
148,080.80
Labor
642.030.50
600,664.45
Contract work on bridges — --
101,990.98
Total
1.810.076.21
The Chattanooga and Knoxville Railroad was relinquished as a
military road and turned over to the company August 28, 1866.
THE NASHVILLE AND NORTHWESTERN RAILROAD
Is seventy-eight miles long and extends from Nashville to the Ten-
nessee River at Johnsonville. It was partly built before the war.
On the 22d of October, 1863, the Secretaiy of War ordered this road
to be constructed for *' military purposes,^* and placed it in charge of
Andrew Johnson, then Military Governor of Tennessee, who was
empowered to ''employ an engineer and other officers and workmen
necessary to complete it without delay." Col. W. P. Innes was act-
ing as engineer at the time the railroads in this military division were
taken charge of by the U. S. Military Railroad Department, and had
a considerable force of soldiers and civilian laborers employed on the
road. But as the work was not progressing to the satisfaction of the
general commanding, he relieved Colonel Innes and placed the con-
struction of the road in your charge. This order of General Grant's
944 GORBESPOHDENCB, RTC.
was given on the 17th of Febrnary, 1864, and on the 25th of the i
month I received your order directing me to adopt the most energetic
means at my command to complete the Nashville and Northwestern
Railroad. I at once made an examination of the work to be done and
found it to consist of a rather formidable amount of grading, bridg-
ing, track laying, and other work incident to the construction of a new
railroad, and proceeded to take the necessary steps to complete the
work as directed. I appointed Lieut. Col. John Clark engineer of
construction, and by General Grant's direction sent North for 2,000
mechanics and laborers in addition to the force then on the road.
Some time after we had got fairly under way Governor Johnson,
claiming the right under the above-mentioned order of the Secretary
of War to appoint an engineer, also selected Colonel Clark, who then
filled this double position until the work of construction was so far
completed that the track was connected through, an event which took
place on the 10th day of May, 1864. Governor Johnson continued to
exercise semi-control over the operations on this road until it was
formally taken possession of by General Sherman and placed abso-
lutely under the control of the general manager of military railroads,
in accordance with the order of the President of the United States
dated August 6, 1864. The Transportation Department then took
charge of the movements of trains, and the maintenance of way,
together with construction work, remained in my department.
On the 20th of August I appointed W. R. Eingsley, esq. (who had
been connected with the road as division engineer since April), engi-
neer in charge of construction and maintenance of way. He con-
tinued to peHform the duties of this position faithfully and satisfac-
torily until the Ist of April, 1865, when, all construction work being
done, the maintenance of way was turned over to the transportation
department. The line of this road as originally located crossed the
Tennessee River nearly perpendicular to the course of that stream and
at an elevation of fifty-two feet above low water and nine feet above
high water. The approach to the river was an embankment seventeen
feet high above the surface of the ground on the river bank. The
object of making this a military railroad beine the transportation of
army supplies from the Tennessee River to Nashville, it became neces-
sary to construct ample and convenient arrangements for the transfer
of freight from steam-boats to cars. Accordingly two large transfer
freight-houses were designed and built, one on each side of the rail-
road, with tracks starting f i*om main line at the bluff and curving
right and left until parallel with the buildings and river bank. The
freight-house or shed on the north or lower side, 600 feet long by 30
feet wide, was hastily knocked up so as to bring it into immediate
use, and the levee in front graded off to the waters edge with a slope
of 9 degrees or about 16 feet rise in 100 feet horizontal. The freight-
house on south side, 600 feet long and 90 feet wide, was a much more
complete building. The floor was two feet and a half above high-
water mark and the levee in front graded to a slope of 14 degrees, on
which it was designed to lay railroad tracks from low-water mark to
floor of freight-house. The plan for transferring freight from steam-
boats to cars was to load from the boats onto small cars, which were
hauled up the levee to the level of the freight-house floor by a wire
rope passing round a pulley or spool, which was dropped into or lifted
out of gear with the main shaft by a lever. This main shaft was 500
feet long and passed through the center of the building immediately
below the floor or platform and was operated by an engine located in
the middle of the building. The freight was then passed directly
UNION AtTTHOBlTIBS. 945
tbTOtigh the boilding and loaded into cars on the opposite side. The
levee was of sufficient length to allow at least four or five boats to
unload at the same time, and the side tracks were so arranged that a
whole train of cars could be loaded at once, and as soon as loaded
could be moved away and another train run right alongside the house.
This plan would undoubtedly have enabled us to handle a large
amount of freight with great rapidity and ease, but we had not the
opportunity of bringing it to a practical test, for just as everything
was about completed Hood's invasion of Tennessee took place and
Johnsonville was evacuated by our troops, and during their absence
the freight-house was burned, as is supposed, by rebel sympathizers
in the neighborhood. However, the engine and all the most valuable
parts of the machinery were saved by being taken to Nashville.
All could have been saved if we had had sufficient transi)ortation
for it. Although the road was opened through to Johnsonville after
Hood's defeat at Nashville, but little work was done in rebuilding the
houses and platforms at that point. Grading off the levee involved
considerable work ; about 30,000 cubic yards of earth had to be moved.
It was designed to pave it, or put on a covering of broken stone, but
owing to the delay in f umisMng gun-boat protection to our boats,
which were to bring stone down the river for this purpose, the work
was but partially carried out. A row of piles were to have been
driven at the edge of the water to protect the levee and prevent its
washing away at time of floods, but the pile driver for this purpose
never reached Johnsonville. ' It is but proi)er for me to state here
that the work on the buildings and levee at Johnsonville was much
delayed by the confusion and embarrassment caused by the conflict
of authority incident to a divided control of the work. In the flrst
place, I was ordered to erect these buildings; then Colonel Donaldson,
senior and supervising quartermaster Department of the Cumber-
land, assumed the charge of them and appointed a quartermaster to
superintend their erection. But under his management the work pro-
gressed so slowly that flnally the quartermaster's department was
relieved, and again I was ordered to complete it. Had I been allowed
to go on in the flrst place and carry out my plans, the works would all
have been completed and in use three months before the evacuation
of the place, instead of being not quite completed at that time. The
following is a statement of the work done on this road:
Chadtiation.
The amount of grading was very considerable, but I am unable to
give the number of cubic yards moved, because when we took charge
of this road I had no time to measure it, and I had no assistants to
do it for me. By the time I procured the requisite assistance much
of the work had been done. Thorough cuts of as much as torty and
flfty feet in depth and 800 feet in length were taken out and high
embankments made. Even where the grading had been done pre-
viously much labor was required to dress up the embankments and
clean out the cuts.
Supersiructv^e,
The total length of track laid was:
Mainline 46|
8idingB 4^
Total 50*
60 B R--8ERIES m, VOL V
946
COBBE8PONDBNCB, ET€.
Seven different patterns of rails were used in the track; the amount
of each kind is given below. With the exception of No. 1 and the
U-rail, the iron was purchased by the Grovemment. No. 1 pattern is
the fish- joint bar belonging to this road, and tiie U-rail was taken from
the Nashville and Chattanooga Ptailroad.
PftttoTD.
Weight
H©.1
4^
r«M.
1,81&CI
»o.2
Sa8 :::::;::":!::::!:"!"":i"iii'*i™;i:iii":"::ii!i!iri"i:::::::!i::;;:
tfS 11
Tgo.4
JO <u
Iio.5
40 LOMLM
2fo.6
86i ! i.4».a
48 r n SM
u
Total
4.477.M
USlSitl
D«daot No. 1 iMtteni
t,lfl.C7
One hundred and seven thousand cross-ties were used in laying the
track. A considerable number was found on the line of this road,
but we had to make the greater part.
Bridging.
The following table shows the location, dimensions, and amount of
bridges and trestles on this road. Many of these structures had to
be rebuilt several times in consequence of being carried away by high
water or destroyed by the enemy.
Statement of bridges and trestles an the Nashville and NorihtDesUm BaOroad,
MUe§.
0
4.57
6.36
6.75
6.53
6.72
7.63
8.01
13.39
13.04
15.81
17.43
81.21
23.14
23.66
24.66
24.66
84.66
25.37
25.66
26.66
25.66
26.44
27.18
40.95
41.71
47.63
49.49
62
63.88
KMhTineTrasUe
KJohtaDdCnek.Ko.! ...
RichliindCrMk,No.2...
Richland Creek. No. 8 . . .
Branch Bicbland Creek .
do
.....do
Over road
Trestle over road
Harpeth River. Na 1 . . . .
Harpeth River. No. 2 ... .
Harpeth River, No. 8
Harpeth River. No. 4
Harpeth River. No. 6 ... .
HarDeih River. No. 6 ... .
.....do
Harpeth River, No. 1 ....
SarMth]
Tom boll River
....do
....do
Trestle
Sullivan's Branch .
....do..
Trestle.
do..
....do..
....do..
....do..
....do..
....do..
....do..
«^
s|
J»8
«»
j^
^R^BMf^e.
^3
1
1
JWf.
/Wf.
170
21.28
2,151
15
76
Rebolltonee.
66
Reboitt twice.
66
Do.
10
85
17
26
10
82
80
76
BeboiltflTetlaee.
84
87
Da
86
201.6
Rebuilt foar times.
42
180
Do.
88
3014
Do.
82
236.9
Do.
24
180
24
201.8
Rebuilt oaoe.
24^
180
88
208.8
Do.
12
616
27
259
20.25
270
20-12
792
16
89
Rebnilttwlea.
48
89 7
102
86^
1.326
86.28
806
8fr-24
882
17.38
288
14-26
226
75
20-83
1,067
80
19
442
68
7-18
887
8
10
146
UNION AUTHORITIES.
947
Siatemeni of bridget and irttUet <m the NdthvOle and Norihwettei-n RaUroad-^
Contixmed.
»-.
1
1
!
Boaarlu.
MUm.
68
Tnstl*
87
9
69
78
11
99
m
1».19
18
80-48
40-79
80-88
7
8
14
18
8
4
18
96
16
19-18
JWI.
410
40
810
068
188
94
47
916
90
80
86
979
114
66
1,8»
68.44
do
64.19
do
66^78
do
66^18
do
BnuiehTnwoCnwk
60.06
do
68.66
64.01
TnoeCrMk .^
RlIffbtlT l^)arad moA
64.61
VIoodCreok
6&61
do
7L44
78.08
Trooo Cnok
Seballt four time*.
74.44
Tnotle
78
Tiwtloftt JohDioBvtUe
Total
15.866
Or8mllMaDdU4llB«t.
Add to this amount rebuilt, 5,366 feet, and we have a total of four
miles and 200 feet of bridging and trestie on this road built by the
Government. The lumber consumed in these structures amounted to
4,098,509 feet, B. M. A portion of this bridging was built by contract,
amounting to $182,789.11.
The following table shows the location of and amount of lumber
in the buildings on this road:
Tor what pnzpooe.
Lombor.
ShtnglM.
8,000
1,600
8,000
7.863
6,000
6,000
6.798
16.037
8,800
11.000
11.000
4,000
9.800
4.800
6,800
6.800
18,900
96,900
98,800
1,000
6,670
6,000
6,666
11,800
176,000
110.400
6,640
90,000
1,087,600
166.000
6,000
6.000
6.000
6,000
****6,'666*
***8.*606'
"'i'ioo'
8,500
8.500
29,000
91,000
**'io,'o66'
"868,'66o'
1,806. 666
748,900
Bomarks.
Hooao for tnMfaBon . .
Hoiao for awttehmoo .
Tool-honao
Honao for traokBon . .
Do
Telegraph office
Honae lor trackmen ..
Do
Telegraph office
Blaokamlth ahop
OuibaildiDgs
Booae for ^ekmen ..
Telepaph«
Do'.!'."
Hooaei
Hooae for trackmen .
TolMrraph offloe
Honao for trackmen .
VaahTille..
do.....
do....
Section 8...
Section 6...
Sections.
Section 90.
Section 24..
do....,
.do.
Section 82.,
Section 49.
Section 60..
.....do.....
Honeo for javdmen .
Booae for engineera aud firemen .
Hooae for autSon agent
Onthnildinga
Wheelwright ahop
Bbckamitn chop
Saw-mill
Honae for caipentera
Depot .rr.
Hooae for railroad purpoaea
Honae for track handa
Honae for mill handa
Upper frelght-honae
Lower fteight-honae
Section 67
Section 66
Section 77
JohnaonTille..
....do
.....do
..do.
..do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
Do.
Deotroyed and lebnOt.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Deatroyed
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Deatroyed aodrebnUt.
Deatroyed.
Deatroyed and rehnlH,
Deatroyed.
Deatrojed and pnrflj
Total.
948
COBRB8PONDENCE, ETC.
Water SUUima.
Fonrteen of these were built and located, as shown in the following
table, containing in the aggregate 63,700 feet, B. M., of lumber:
CmpmcAlky.
Milu.
One tank ..,
do
do
do
do
do
do
Two tanks.,
Onetaok...
do
do
do
do
Two tanks..
Deotroyod and reboillk
DestToyod.
DoL
Do.
Dastroyed and rabont.
DoT
Do.
Saw-mill No. 1, at Johnsonville, was run by our dei>artment during
the months of September, October, and November, 1864, and during
that time cut 488,000 feet, ^. M., of lumber.
Cost
Work done by soldiers. — The Twelfth Regiment IT. S. Colored
Infantry, commanded by Colonel Thompson, commenced work on the
15th of November, 1863, and were relieved April 23, 1864. Average
number of men employed during this time, 200.
The Thirteenth Regiment U. S. Colored Infantry, commanded by
Col. John A. Hottenstein, commenced work on the 19th of November,
1863, and were relieved May 10, 1864. Average number of m^n
employed, 600.
The First Missouri Engineers, commanded by Col. Henry Flad,
commenced work on the 24th of February, 1863, and were relieved
August 1, 1864. Average number of men employed, 1,000.
The First Michigan Engineers, commanded by Col. William P.
Innes, were employed on the road for some time, but I was unable to
get a statement of the number of effective men or the length of time
ttiey worked.
All this work done by soldiers, together with all done by civilian
laborers up to September 1, 1864, is properly chargeable to construc-
tion of new road.
The following tabular statements of cost of labor performed and
materials purchased previous to the time the road was placed entirely
under the control of the Military Railroad Dex)artment have been
furnished by Maj. A. W. Wills, assistant quartermaster, from the
UNION AirrHOBITIBS.
949
papers of Capt. F. H. Ruger, aMistant quartermaster, who was qaar-
termaster for the road, but is since deceased:
SkOemeiU of purehaae9 made by CfapUUn Ituger.
Xonth.
▲mooBt
HMrtb.
Auumak
JmiUtfTaa.a
1864.
$4,808.88
0.878.64
17.851.48
15,848.48
84,188.05
188L
$15,868.84
PflhrotfT
July
16^ So! 07
fijSu^:;;!...";:".!!!i!!".ir.:.:
Inmi.i::::"///.:....::.....":.!::
a8i59iio
Anril
Tolftl
»?.:;;;;:;;::;";::;:::::!":i:i::;:
158,88L51
Statement of amount paid for labor by Captain Buger.
Month.
AaooBt.
Month.
Anoant.
Nomn^ttp . ■
1888.
$10,578.67
11,440.70
15.488.00
18,844.10
86.840.54
1864.
Anrll
$00,888.80
DMomber . ....
^y! :::::::: :::::::
07,780.61
1864.
jSei":;;;i;;""":::i:;;rr;ii"""
58.601.08
Jnly
48,680.50
▲ofoat
54,814.45
FrtwMf^:::::::::::;::::::::::::;::::
Total
888,104.17
March
The following statement is furnished 'by Lieut. Col. O. Cross,
deputy quartermaster-general, Pittsburg, Pa. :
Statement of materials purehaeed by lAeut, Col, O. Croee, deputy quartermaeter-
yeniral, U. 8. Anmy, for the NashviUe and Northiweaiem RaUroad,
6 , 720 ,51 0 pounds iron rails, at $91 . 60 per^ton $874 , 520 . 71
148,260 pounds spil[68, at 6 cents per pound 8,506.00
75.000 poonda 8pik68, at 7i cents per poand 5,025.00
227,616 pounds chairs, at 0 cents per ponnd 18,666.90
Total 802.897.61
The lumber purchased by Colonel Cross is omitted because it was
used on buildings.
Statement of pay-roUe on the NaehvUle and Northtoeaitem Railroad, paid by t?ke
U. 8, MHUary Railroad D^fKortment,
Month.
Kmnber of
it
1864.
1,105
1.888
088
881
788
700
567
444.
405
811
817
808
10
$78,848.15
Oetober 11/..'.
66,010.68
50,456.64
NoTombor
Deooinbor.. - --
48,880.00
Jftimwy ....■••••
1866.
44,474.00
FeVrniWT. „. ./... . /... .
88,176.65
u^il:.,.v/^v////^\v^v..\.v.v^v^^^
80.83L18
April
81,704.04
mK. ::;:;::::::::::::::::::::::::.::; :
80,104.88
SS::"""::: ::;:;:::;:::;:;;::;;::;::;;::: ;:::::
11.818.05
Jtdy
13.105.85
Angntt
18k 488. 35
545.00
Total
8.018
440,735.66
950 CORRE8PONDENCE, ETC.
Summary of eatt
Materials:
Pturchases made by Captain Bnger ^158,881. 51
Iron rails, chairs, and spikes purchased by Ideatenant^olonel
Cross 802,887.61
Spikes other than above, 100,000 pounds, at 8i cents per pound. . 8, 500. 00
Cross-ties, 50,000, at 50 cents per tie 25,000.00
Total 488,778.12
Labor:
Amount paid by Captain Bnger |858,104.17
Amount paid by U. S. HUitary Railroad "Depart-
ment 440,725.56
788,888.78
Contract work on bridges 182,788.11
Total 1,471,887.86
lu the above no estimate is made for the value of work done by the
soldiers. I have been informed that an amount of iron belonging to
this comx)any was used on other military railroads prior to 1864, but
have made no deduction for the same, as I have no means of giving
full and accurate information of operations previous to that time.
The Nashville and Northwestern Railroad was relinquished as a mili-
tary road and tiimed over to the company September 1, 1865.
THE CHATTANOOGA AND ATLANTA
Or Western and Atlantic Railroad extends from Chattanooga to At-
lanta, 136 miles, with a branch from Kingston to Rome seventeen miles
long. The reconstruction and maintenance of this line was in many
respects the most difficult and interesting of any military railroad opera-
tion during the war. By it the Confederate army under General John-
ston made their retreat from Buzzard Roost to Atlanta, and upon its
rapid and prompt reconstruction General Sherman's army depended for
the supplies necessary for his successful movement on AtUmta. As
Johnston fell back from one strong i>osition to another he did such dam-
age to the road as it was supposed would delay or prevent Sherman's
pursuit, but in no instance was he successful in this object. How-
ever great the damage done, it was so speedily repaired that General
Sherman soon ceased to fear any delay from this cause and made his
advance movements with i>erf ect confidence that the railroad in his
rear would be ''all right." Being from the nature of the case
entirely ignorant of the obstacles to be encountered at each advance,
the construction force had to be prepared for any emergency, either
to build a bridge of formidable dimensions or lay miles of track, or
X>erhaps push back to some point on the line and repair damages done
by guerrillas or raiding parties. These attacks on the line to the rear
were of such frequent occurrence, and often of so serious a character,
that to insure speedy rej^airs it became necessary to station detach-
ments of the Construction Corps at various points along the road,
and also collect supplies of construction materials, such as iron rails,
chairs, spikes, cross-ties, and bridge timber, at points where they
would be comparatively safe and easily obtained when required.
These precautionary measures proved of the utmost importance in
keeping the road open. The detachments stationed along the line
were composed of bridge-builders and track-layers, and had an ample
supply of tools for either kind of work. EachdetsMshment was under
the command of a competent engineer or sui>ervisor, who had orders
to move in either direction, within certain limits, as soon as a break
UNION AUTH0RITI2& 951
occurred and make the necessary repairs without delay, working day
and night when neoessary. Under this arrangement small bi*eakB
were repaired at once at any point on the line, even when the tele-
graph wires were cut and special orders could not be communicated
to the working jMurties. When ''big breaks" occurred one or more
divisions of the Construction Corps were moved as rapidly as possible
thereto, either from Chattanooga or 'Hhe front.'* Construction trains
loaded with the requisite tools and materials were kept ready at each
end of the road to move at a moment's notice.
By order of General Thomas the work of reconstruction commenced
on the 1st of March, 1864, and the road to Ringgold and a short dis-
tance beyond was completed on the 20th of the same month. The
advance movement of the army from Ringgold took place on the 6th
of May, and the railroad was completed and trains run to Tunnel Hill
early on the morning of the 9th. Fears being entertrined by some
that the tunnel had been mined by the enemy, a locomotive was run
through it to test the matter, but it was found to be all safe. The
enemy having fallen' back to Resaca, the road was opened up on the
15th to Tilton while the battle was still in progress a few mUes
beyond that station, and next day the construction trains ran into
Resaca with the advance of our army. The railroad bridge over the
Oostenaula River was still burning on our arrival here, and the work
of rebuilding delayed somewhat in consequence. However, we got
fairly started to work next morning, and the bridge was completed
and other necessary repairs made to the track, and the trains pushed
forward and overtook the army on the morning of the 20th at Kings*
ton. Beyond this point the track was immediately put in order to
Cass Station, but not farther, until the army again reached the rail-
road south of Allatoona Pass. I received General Sherman's order to
build the Etowah bridge on the dd of June at Chattanooga, but owing
to Hie delay in getting the construction trains over the road did not
reach the Etowah River until the night of the 5th, and then with only
one division of the bridge-builders. The other division ordered to this
work did not arrive until twenty-four hours afterward. The bridge
was commenced on the morning of the 6th and finished at noon on
11th. There was an abundance of timber prepared on the line of the
railroad for this work, but the trains sent to bring it up were detained
so long for running orders that we could not wait for it, and a large
amount had to be cut near the site of the bridge and dragged by hand
to the work. Notwithstanding these delays this bridge, 600 feet long
and 67 feet high, was built in five days and a half. As soon as it
was completed trains ran to Big Shanty, which was made the depot of
supplies until after the capture of Kenesaw Mountain. On the 3d of
July I received General Sherman's order to open the railroad to Mfiri-
etta. The contruction trains were detained some time at Tunnel Hill
by a small rebel raid on the road near Buzzard Roost, but reached
Big Shanty on the morning of the 5th and commenced work at once.
The road was opened on the 6th to Vining's Station, which is only ten
miles from Atlanta. We commenced work on the Chattahoochee
bridge by order of General Thomas on the 23d of July, but next day
received orders to stop the work, which was accordingly done at noon
on the 24th. Orders were received on the 2d of August to resume
work, which was done at noon on that day, and the bridge was fin-
ished and trains i)assed over it at noon on the 5th and ran within
three miles of Atlanta. The Chattahoochee bridge is 780 feet long and
92^f eet high, and was built in precisely four days and a half. No night
952 C0BRE8P0MDSNCE, ETC.
work was done ai)on it whatever, but the men worked from daylight till
dark, with one hoar intermission at noon for dinner. A division of
the Oonstmction Corps was held at the Chattahoochee until Atlanta was
won, and they then completed the railroad into the dty on the 3d of
September, the day after General Slocum took possession of it.
Track.
By the original location the Atlanta line crossed the Knoxville line
twice within a few miles of Chattanooga. Both roads having been
destroyed in the vicinity of that place, it was deemed unnecessary to
rebuild both entire, and as the Knoxville road was the shorter and
better line, it was rebuilt and the Atlanta line was connected with it
near the crossing of the Chickamauga Creek, some five miles from
Chattanooga, thus shortening the distance to Atlanta about two miles.
Two connections were made, the first being merely for temporary use.
The track between the junction and Tunnel Hill had been badly dam-
aged and much of it required relaying; besides a number of small
breaks at other points, some two miles near Marietta had been taken
up and the rails removed. A similar break, but not of such extent,
was found near Vining's Station. Guerrillas and raiding i>artie8 were
more or less successful in destroying portions of track during the
whole time we held the road; but the crowning effort of this kind was
made in October, 1864, when Hood, getting to the rear of Sherman,
threw his whole army on the road, first at Big Shanty and afterward
north of Resaca, and destroyed in the aggregate thir^-five and a half
miles of track and 455 lineal feet of bridges, killing and capturing a
large number of our men. Fortunately, however, the detachments of
the Construction Corps which escaped were so distributed that even
before Hood had left the road two strong working parties were at work,
one on each end of the break at Big Shanty, and this gap of ten miles
was closed and the force ready to move to the great break of twenty-
five miles in length north of Resaca as soon as the enemy had left it.
The destruction by Hood's army of our depots of supplies compelled
us to cut nearly all the cross-ties required to relay this track and send
to a distance for rails. The cross-ties were cut near the line of the
road and manv of them carried by hand to the track, as the teams to
be furnished for hauling them did not get to the work until it was
nearly completed. The rails used on the southern end of the break
had to be taken up and brought from the railroads south of Atlanta,
and those for the northern end were mostly brought from Nashville,
nearly 200 miles distant. Notwithstanding all these disadvantages
under which we had to labor, this twenty-five miles of the track was
laid and the trains were running over it in seven and a half days from
the time the work was commenced. When Sherman cut loose from
his railroad line of supply in November, 1864, and commenced his
march to the sea, he very effectually destroyed the road between the
Btowah and Atlanta, and by his order we took up the track between
Resaca and Dalton, sixteen miles, and brought the iron to Chattanooga.
In May, 1865, Genmd Thomas ordered the road to be reopened through
to Atlanta. It was completed on the 4th of July following.
The following is a statement of track laid:
Kain tnMk Uid—
In openlaff tin mad U|
▲fl0riiii]Mroo«iiiu«Hnida 10
After Hood's great raid SSI
In 1806, by General Thomaa* order il|
Total "uk
UNION AUTHORITIES.
953
Lmgth.
lAmgOau
Cblokamangs..
GnyvTflto.....
KlBMOld
Ddton
TUUm ..
Sanunit.
Xtowah.,
1ft, MO
i,aoo
1,410
1,000
4,660
1.S00
700
1,186
Aeworth
M2ri0feU
Polfi
' VinlBc's
Chattihooch—..
Atljuita ,
1,000
1,800
S»460
1,0«0
1,640
1,180
16,070
Tbtal.
60,170
OrlOfmilM.
HaiD tnck..
Btdingt .....
Total
Ud.
3.
14^
Vm
H«iclit.
KiimlMr
ofqMou.
Length.
Bebnilt.
CbiokanuMiga, Ho. 1 . .
Chtokamangm, Hal ..
ChtokMnanga, Ha 1 . .
ChieliMDMigs, No. 4 . .
ChlokoBunigo, Na 6 . .
ChlekooiMigo, Ko. 0 . .
ChiokMUmga, Na 7 . .
ChlokMnMiga,Na8 ..
ChioksBUMiga, No. 0 . .
ChickMDMiga Na 10 .
ChiokMoaoga, Na U .
Chiokoouuiga Na U .
Chiekaaaaga Na 11 .
Chiokamaiiga, Na 14 .
Bnsiard Booat
OldBrawoiy
TUton
Btowah
AUatoon* Croak .
HearVfa
FmL
17
10
18
n
18
10
IB
16
18
10
18
10
11
18
16
15
10
86
07
If)
86
02
101
80
221
123
42
*/l
256
285
148
186
141
114
116
114
87
40
100
842
606
168
400
780
FMt,
Total..
5,113
BebnUt twice
do
401
180
do
441
do
448
Beboilt twice
do
611
680
do
180
do
171
Bobullt
87
do
BebnUt twice ....
do
40
200
1,084
1.186
816
do
do
Bebailt
400
Bebnilt twke
1.800
8,668
Total bridging bniU bj
18.870 feet, or 2 mflea 8,U0 feet.
A small i)ortion of this bridging w^s built by contract amounting
to $26,767.03.
Water StatUma.
Wkorelndlt.
Chflttaaooga.
Cki^Eunauga Creek, Nal.
Qi eon wood .a..............
Tllum
Kingston
AUiOoonA.
Keneaaw
Tnniwl
Hnmber
of tanks.
WberebnUt.
GmTaTillo
OldBre^
Bogers* ,
Moon Station
Atlanta ,
Total...
Nomber
oftanka
954
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
The following tabular statement shows the cost of labor performed
on this road for construction and maintenance of way and the num-
ber of men in the Construction Corps employed each month:
IConth.
1864.
ICwoh.
April..
lUy...
Jano...
July...
Abipist.
Seplemt
Ootol
iber .
KoTenber .
Deoamber..
1806.
JftDQAry....
Februarj...
Maroh
April
May
Jane
July
AUffUBt
Seirtembcr.
Totol
IContUy arerage .
C<Mutmction Coipa.
Kamber
4S8
1.407
1.062
1,063
1,213
807
3.002
1,977
680
108
1,112
467
304
148
14.136
642
Amonntof
pay-rolls.
$21,974.93
17.008.75
0t,43i.66
62,807.31
67.081.60
50.792.45
42.516.71
124.688.40
101,678.27
11.960.85
1.326.00
Transppr*
totion^e-
Amount of
pay-rolls.
44,002.75 I
86.070.06 '
88.363.48 \
14,627.60
8.61S.95
$4,270.85
7.868.19
12,400.71
17.788.76
18,680.86
21.]8U,38
28,902.27
20,182.81
1.447.58
16.282.14
21,780.46
21,610.40
21.384.84
28,082.60
29.802.92
42.27X96
64.178LS
28,744.86
763.986.77
84.724.40
886.809.20
30.3S6.88
TMdL
9Sl.974.9i
21.288.60
99,29L86
66,206.08
34.870.36
69.422.81
63.607.09
148,490.67
121,761.01
1,447.58
28,242.09
28.105.46
21. 610.41
21,384.34
72,085.25
114.878:96
76,88144
08,706.81
27. 858. 31
l,i6O.746L00
00,S6&S6
In the reconstruction of this road in 1865 some work was done on
the Atlanta end by order of General Wilson. The cost and descrip-
tion of this work, other than that done by soldiers, was as per set-
tlement of General Winslow and Grant & Co., as follows:
Seven hundred and twenty-five feet bridgkig over Chattahoochee Biver,
at $11 per lineal foot $7,986.00
Amount for track laying, as per check-roll 7,107.00
Amonnt for work done at cnlvert near Vining'B 588.00
Total 15,070.00
Summary of cost.
Qnjuitity.
Bate.
Total ooet.
ICnkerinli:
Innirallt
.....tonv..
9.960
606,000
849.000
129,000
$120 per ton
$L 199. 800. 00
Cbaini...... ,-.,,-,,-
::^^^::
8 oentA per pound
45^280.00
BpikM
8A oontt per pound
T2.16S.u0
OoM-tlM
60 oentc per U*
64,600.00
l.Sn. 145^00
l«15tt.746L06
Contract work on brIdflAB .•.•••«•••••.••••••••••*•••••••••.••••••.••«••«•••••-«••••••«••
2&.7&7.6I
Work done br Onnt A Go , . _
15,670.00
Total
2,669.818.60
In the above calculation I have deducted the seventeen miles of
rails laid by General Wilson, as this was all old and damaged iron.
UNION AUTHORITIES.
955
The Chattanooga and Atlanta Railroad was relinquished as a mili-
tary road and tamed over to the State of Georgia, the original owner,
September 26, 1866.
THB NASHVnjJE AND CLABKSVILIiS RAILROAD
Extends from Nashville to Clarksville, and is sixty-one miles long.
It is composed of three links: First, the Louisville and Nashville
Railroad from Nashville to Edgefield Junction, ten miles; second, the
Edgefield and Kentucky Railroad to the State line, thirty-seven miles;
and third, the Memphis, Clarksville and Louisville Railroad to Paris,
fourteen miles. On the 4th of August, 1864, 1 received Oeneral Sher-
man's order directing this road to be opened so as to provide another
avenue of supply to the depot at Nashville. Having made the neces-
sary arrangements for carrying on the work at the front during my
absence, I took the First Division of the Construction Corps, under
L. H. Eicholtz, division engineer, and proceeded to Springfield, where
we arrived on the 11th of August. I found the road had l^en repaired
and put in running order from Edgefield Junction to this station by
Capt. C. H. Irvin, assistant quartermaster, who was using it to haul
lumber from his numerous saw-mills to Nashville. The portion from
State line to Clarksville was in running order and being operated by
the Louisville and Nashville Railroad Comx)any. Putting the con-
struction force to work at once, I made an examination of the line
between Springfield and State line and found the work to be done
consisted principally of bridging; the track had not been much dam-
aged. Some of the cuts were so filled up that it required the removal
of a good deal of material to clear the track. The bridges destroyed
were of considerable magnitude and all the timber for their recon-
struction had to be cut and prepared. The work was completed and
the road opened through to Clarksville on the 16th of September.
The construction force remained on the road until October 16, employed
in getting out bridge timber and cross-ties, and grading and laying a
track with sidings 6,766 feet long from main line to the levee at
Clarksville. On the 26th of October I appointed W. R. Kingsley,
division engineer, engineer of construction and rex)airs, and he con-
tinued to occupy this position while we held and operated the road.
The cross-ties were badly decayed in places and many had to be taken
out and replaced with new ones. On the 4th of March a freshet car-
ried away the Red River bridge and it was rebuilt by the 26th of same
month. Another freshet on the 7th of April again carried away this
bridge and it was not rebuilt. Still another freshet occurred on the
20th of May, destroying the Sulphur Fork bridge and doing much
additional aamage to the road, all of which, however, was quickly
repaired. The following tabular statement shows the amount of
bridg^g and trestle-work on this road:
Name.
Height.
Length.
Bemariu.
Sprlofflleld
F$tL
U
60
eo
86
410
488
500
680
eoo
SalpharFork
SprineCrMk
SSdfflvS!:;:::::::::::::::..:
Partly deetroyed and rebuilt, 800 feet.
CburkavUlB 0ztensliMi
Totol
a.w8
956
COBBE8PONDENCE, ETC.
Add to this the amount rebuilt, 450 feet, and we have a total of
3,433 feet bridging and trestle on tUs road built by Government. The
lumber consumed in these structures amounted to 890,000 feet, B. M.
Tradclaid.
fteCllBMr.
Od Bdgefleld and KflDtQoky SailroAd 1,4M
On GlarksTllle extenaion e,M6
On ald^tnicks, ClarkTflle «twi«lon 7W
•,90
Or 1 mlto S»9« feet.
Cross-ties,
About 15,000 cross-ties were cut by the Construction Corps on the
line of this road.
Statement of pay-roOs on the NaahvOle and ClarkamOe EaOroatL
NnmlMr' AnooBtaf
of man. i pay-ralb.
1864.
Aagott
Septennbar
October
KoTember
December
IMS,
Jennery
February
March.:.
^^/.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::"::::::;
June
July
Aaffuat
September ,
Total
509 < |ai,ltB.6B
as 1Q.8M.0S
ei4 n.floLM
148 t 7.08L9S
ISl I 8,467.18
I
110 i
906
SM I
1S3
91
81
70
73
46
7.87aL6B
lO.SO4.40
18.087.08
8,IS1.0>
1870.00
S.7U.8S
4,300.00
9,808.10
640L15
I
a,lSS l48.4B6utt
Summary of ooet.
Quantity.
Rata.
ToOalcoet.
ICateriala:
Iitmraila
tone..
140
7.000
10,000
$190perton
010L888.80
Ohairt XT.,,
^^•
' ^6Oi80
Splkea
8^ centa'per'poand
880.40
I^bor
18.9ta40
148,486.0
Total
108,085.tt
The Nashville and Clarksville Railroad was relinquished as a mili-
tary road and turned over to the owners September 25, 1865.
THE KNOXVILLE AND BRISTOL
Or East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad extends from Knozville to
Bristol, 130 miles, with a branch twelve miles long to Rogersville.
This road was open during the greater part of 1864 between Knoxville
and Strawberry Plains and at one time as far as Bull's Gap. On the
12th of March, 1865, orders were received from General Thomas to
open this road to Bull's Gap *'and put it in condition to sustain as
heavy a business as was done on the Chattanooga and Atlanta line in
the summer of 1864." The force sent to do this work reached Straw-
berry Plains on the 13th of March, and the road was opened to Bull's
Gap on the 25th of same month. Orders were then received from
UNION ACTHOBITIB8.
967
General Thomas to oontiiiiie the work and open the road to Carter's
Station, 110 miles from Knoxville. This point was reached on the
29th of April
Track.
Extensive repairs were required over the whole distance and 12^
miles of main track and 5,756 feet of sidings were built.
Total tarack laid, 13 miles 3,115 feet.
Bridgm,
B«i^il.
Length.
Length.
yialCiwk
StemwharyPtoina..
FmL
JWf.
MoMjOnd
MoRtotowB
BaMeDrlUe
Three mflM beyond .
Do
BnH'sGep
UekCredi
80
IM
84
84
84
180
876
84
SwaaPood
Chncky Creek, Ho. 1..
Chuokj CnMk,lfe.S..
Chnoky Creek, Vo. 8. .
BoadCraeeiBV
OnlvertTTTITT.
Fut.
1,8
Ltaeeteae Creek..
140
100
188
78
80
180
346
187
80
TotelhatttbyOoTam.
4.188
Water 9taHon$.
WheMMli.
Huaber
of tonka.
Frknd'a BtatloB
8
Siill'e Gep .*•
t
Merrletown -
t
Chnoky Creek r - -- —
%
Tote]
8
The following tabular statement shows the cost of labor for con-
struction and maintenance of way and the number of men in the
Construction Corps employed each month:
MoBlh.
Traaapor.
tetionDe-
pertmeat.
TotoL
Hmber
Amooatof
peyroUe.
ABMoaiof
pey-roIU.
1884.
88, 846: 87
4,840.48
4,088.88
4,888.88
6.680.04
4,730.18
888.68
8,808.88
7,610.84
10.011.71
11.750.88
16.827.10
16,510.70
10.818.86
788.36
88.846.87
4.840.43
July
4,008.88
SoittMBhw
4.828.88
6,680.04
Oftftnlier
NoTOfflber
4,730.18
88816B
TWmflnther
1866.
JTennery ...... ...........<......t*«*TtTf....^-.i- t--
6,808.83
36,00186
80. 141. 80
Febroery
876
620
648
647
818.084.81
88,128.88
87,888.31
4,808.64
Meroh .' x.. ,--.,,,,-,--,„,.,
Anril
48,87Bb80
mS?; :;:;::""
30, 400. 70
jS::::::::r:::;:::::::;::::::::::::::::::::::::"i':i
16.510.70
Jnlv
10,818.86
708.36
iSS^::::::;::::::::::;::::::::;:;;:::;::::::;:::::::
Total
"•S
88.618.86
38,878.48
106.807.88
7,068.83
186,831.34
HonthlT aTomce
18,03L41
958
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Summary of eo&t.
QoMitlty.
Total enrt
Material*:
Iron rails .
Cbaira.
Spike* ....
Crosa-tiM .
.poanda.
.fT.do...
1,000
54,000
181,000
88,760
$lSOpart(Mi
i« centa per pound. . .
acaota per poaad. .
oentaperoe
$120,001100
4.890.00
Ift,a8ii00
10,875.00
Labor, a« per tabular statement .
Total
1M.8ZLM
8S1,00LM
The East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad was relinqnifihed as a
military road and tamed over to the comx)any August 28, 1865.
The western end of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad was
opened for a longer or shorter distance at various times during 1864
and 1865. Pocahontas Station, seventy-five miles from Memphis, was
the farthest point east that was reached at any time. Forty-eight
miles of the Mississippi Central Railroad from Grand Junction to
Tallahatchie River was opened and used for a short time; but it was
operated in connection with the Memphis and Charleston road, and
the following statements of cost furnished by the general superin-
tendent, Mr. A. F. Gk)odhue, includes both roads. But a small portion
of the amount is properly chargeable to the Mississippi Central road:
Statement showing cost of labor for each month.
IConth.
Amonnt.
IConth.
1884.
FebmairT.
March....
June
Joly.
fl,l«7.07
1,188.10
088.64
788.56
2,264.88
8,064.18
6,115.86
2,600.50
2.864.07
1.540.07
Deoembar i 8,046.87
▲ugnat.
September.
October
KoTcmber .
Jaimjirj ...,
Fc'brujirT*-
Mjirrb ...
April
M-iy
Jnn^-^ --....
July .......
SeptemtMr.
$Lm.m
1,78108
1,780l06
6,10140
8,4ao.»
8,018.84
10,880l25
8.48106
2,647.87
Total
Monthly aTenf* .
78,80112
8,844.15
Labor
Summary of cost.
. t78,801]2
Mat^ri#i«
. iS4il8l77
Total
. 207.fl87.80
This part of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad was relin-
quished as a military road and restored to the company September
12, 1865.
The Mobile and Ohio Railroad was opened at the beginning of 1864 to
Union City, but was abandoned about the 1st of May. It was reopened
to Crockett, thirty-five miles from Columbus, Ky., in May, 1865.
UNION AUTHOBITI£8.
959
The following statement of cost was famished by Mr. G<x)dhae, gen-
eral superintendent:
StcLtement showing tost of labor for each mowtK
Month.
U64.
Febnurj..
lUroh
April
JnDe
July
Angiut....
September .
October ....
November .
December .
Anoiuit.
751.
1,364.
1,254.
1,106.
1.S40.
1,714.
1,617.
lCon«b.
Jeaoary..
Febnuuy.
Marah....
45?!;::::
Jane
July
AnguBt. . .
Total
Monthly aTemge .
Amount.
1614. M
611.60
563.60
637.76
1.780.87
1,697.81
L56
16,662.88
021.27
Summary of cost
Labor $16,662.88
Matoriab 8,762.44
Total 20,846.82
This road was relinquished as a military road and restored to the
company August 25, 1865.
The Atlanta and Macon Railroad from Atlanta to Rough and
Ready, eleven miles, was opened for a short time while we held
Atlanta. The greater part of this iron was taken up and used for
relaying the track destroyed by General Hood on the Chattanooga
and Atlanta Railroad in October, 1864.
960
COBBE8POin>ENCE, ETC.
il
I
H
il
0ji
SI
ill
1^
|i
S A
i t
ii
8 S
i i
i 4
a 9
i i
8 S
i i
8 8
S 8
i I
88
a
•iff
S8
88
it
ti
S8
■4d
Si!
88
ii
ii
88
88
u
fit
98
•A
88
ss
8fV
1
I
I
g*S898 SR SS&;38SS!! 88'
S
i
t
i
t
8~
i
i
8
2
sf
iliiiili la
^l!
ill
pull
ic c^^ =
pq Pli^ PB
I
UKION AUTHOBITIE& 961
BOLUNG-MnX..
Almost immediately on yonr arrival at Chattanooga in Jannaiy,
1864, and even before the railroads in the Military uivision of the
Mississippi were formally placed in your charge, yon advised the
building of a Gk>vemment rolling-mill at that point for the purpose
of reroUing the large amount of old and damaged rails that would
necessarily come into our possession if the contemplated military
movements in that quarter should prove successful. General Grant,
appreciating the importance of having an abundant supply of rail-
road iron, gave his order on the 17th of February for the mill to be
built. Steps were at once taken to prepare the necessary materials,
all of which were gotten out and the work on the building done by the
Construction Corps. The mill was completed and went into operation
about tiie last of March, 1865, which was as soon as the necessary
machinery could be manufactured and transported from the North
and set up at the works. The following is a statement of the
total cost of the mill and buildings connected therewith, together
with the railroad leading to it from the Nashville and Chattanooga
Railroad. This statement gives the cost of all labor, but it is proper
to say that much of this is not strictly chargeable to this work.
We were compelled to keep a large force of mechanics and laborers
on hand all the time so as to l^ prepared for any emergency that
might arise, and it was only at times when this whole force was not
required on the more important work of constructing and maintain-
ing the many railroad lines in and coming into our possession that a
portion of the force was detailed for work on the rolling-mill.
Actually, the labor on the mill cost the Government nothing.
Cost of roUing^mitt buUding, induding engine and boUer houses eoal-Uny treaUe,
tonka, weuM, dbc.
M ATXRIAL AND LABOR.
Main building, engine and boiler honae, 108,500 feet lmnber,B.M.,
at ISO , $5,055.00
258, 000 shingles, at f7 1,771.00
87 kegs nails, at $10 870.00
6 tons of strap bolts and Btispension rods 900.00
200,000 bricbs. at $16 8,200.00
2,600 boshels lime, at 40 cents 1,000.00
Glass and painting 500.00
Hauling stone, masonry , and blaoksmithinff 6,000.00
Labor— hanling timber, framing, raising, &c., from April 1, 1864, to
April 1,1865 89,057.00
Coal-bin, inclnding trestle-work. 76,000 feet lumber, B. M. , at $80 2, 250. 00
Labor on coal-bin, including bolts and spikes 4,915.00
Excavation of well, indnding cost of powder 7,4S0.00
Walling well, tank frame, &o 700.00
Bnildinff furnaces and stacks, setting up machinery, &c., inclnding
superintendence, to March 81 , 1865, as per report of Mr. Tardley . . . 40, 905. 81
18,000 rations, at 50 cents 9,000.00
125,857.81
Cost of machinery,
Mr. Tardley*s estimate of machinery $100,000.00
Add 20 per cent, for transportation 20,000.00
120,000.00
61 R B— 8ERIBS m, VOL V
962 GOBRE8PONDENCE, ETC.
Coat of offiee bu/UdingB.
45.000 feet lumbar, B.M., at $80 $1,800.00
80,000 8hiiigle8,at$7 210.00
Window frames and sash 100.90
Hardware, glass, &c 190.00
Labor 4,963.00
6,808.00
Cost of mesB-houKs (sixteen in aU).
95,000 feet lnmber,B.M., at $80 $8,850.00
56,000 shingles, at $7 898.00
Hardware, nails, glass, Ac 886.00
Labor 9,588.00
14 small houses, including materials, at $90 1,960.00
14,410.00
Cost of branch railroad to miU, including Y and side-traeka ; total length, one mile
and two-thirde,
Oradnation $3,000.00
Trestle-work (000 linear feet) 8,000.00
118 tons iron rails 14,750.00
028 chairs (7i pounds each) 829.70
80 kegs spiJces (150 pounds each) 680.00
8,500 cross-ties 1,750.00
Track laying 800.00
23,259.70
RECAPITULATION.
Rolling-mill building $125,857.81
Kachinerv and transportation 120,000.00
Office buildings 6,802.00
Mess-houses 14,410.00
Railroad 28,259.70
Total cost 290,829.51
As previously stated, the mill went into operation about the last of
March, or, say, the 1st day of April, and was sold by the Gk>vemment
to John A. Spooner for $175,000, and went into his possession on the
5th of October, 1865. It was therefore in operation a few days over
six months while in possession of the Government. The entire amount
of T-rail manufactured during this time was 3,818 tons 10 hundred-
weight 2 quarters and 8 pounds. The amount of coal charged to these
works shows a consumption of 145,897 bushels. This was not all used
in manufacturing iron, but considerable of it was used for domestic
purposes and in the quartermaster's shops. Charging, however, the
whole amount to the cost of manufactured iron makes the entire cost
of coal $36,474.25, or $9.55 for one ton of rails. The labor account as
per pay-rolls from April 1 to October 5, inclusive, amounts to $98, 776. 39,
or $25.87 per ton of finished rails, thus making the average cost of
coal and labor per ton of new rails $35.42. Mr. T. W. Yardley super-
intended the erection of the mill, and has had charge as superintend-
ent since it went into operation. The Oovemment has been fortunate
in securing the services of such a competent person for this position,
and one who has so industriously and conscientiously attended to his
duties.
innON AUTHOBITIBS. 963
NORTH CABOLINA.
On the 28tli of December, 1864, while engaged in repairing [the
Nashyillel and Decatur Railroad, after the defeat of Hood's army at
Kashville, I received your order to take one division of the Construc-
tion Corps and proceed to Savannah, Oa., to join General Sherman.
The division selected for this purpose, together with a force of trans-
portation men, left Nashville for Baltimore on the 4th of January,
1865, fully equipped for any kind of railroad work. They arrived in
Baltimore on the 10th, but were detained there eight days, until a
vessel could be furnished to take them to their destination. On the
28th they arrived at Hilton Head, but were not disembarked there
because General Sherman's plans did not require the reconstruction
of any of the railroads leading out of Savannah. On the 29th General
Sherman gave me orders to proceed with my men to Morehead City,
N. C, and '^prepare to make railroad connection to Goldsborough
by the middle of March." We left Hilton Head on the 3d and arrived
off Morehead City on the 5th of F3bruary. The men and supplies
were landed next day.
The Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad extends from Morehead
City to Goldsborough and is ninety-five miles long. We found this
road in running order to Batchelder's Creek, forty-four miles from
Morehead City, and being operated by the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment. As soon as the transfer could be made I took charge of it,
and proceeded to put the main track in good repair, extend the
sidings, build new water stations, and otherwise prepare for the heavy
business which was exi)ected to be done on the road. I appointed J.
B. Van Dyne sui>erintendent of transportation and William Cess-
ford master mechanic; E. C. Smeed, division engineer, in charge of
the Construction Corps. A small force of the Construction Corps from
Virginia, under Mr. McAlpine, were at work on the road when we
arrived. They had been sent there by order of General Grant, but
considering himself relieved by our arrival, Mr. McAlpine at once
returned with his men to Virginia. While here they repaired a few
hundred yards of track and almost completed the bridge over Batch-
elder's Creek. With the exception of some little railroad iron and a
few cross-ties, which Mr. McAlpine had brought with him, we found
the road almost destitute of materials and tools necessary for the
construction and repairs and for operating it. Accordingly requisi-
tions for the necessary amount of these supplies, together with the
probable additional amount of rolling-stock that would be required,
were at once sent to your office at Washington. Although the rail-
road department was ready in one week from the time we landed to
extend the road from Batchelder's Creek, the advance toward Golds-
borough was not commenced until the 3d of March, after General
Cox arrived and took command of the column to move from New
Berne. The time was profitably employed, however, in the interim
by the Construction Corps in getting out cross-ties and bridge timber
and cutting wood. From a short distance beyond Batchelder's Creek
to Einston the track had been taken up and most of the rails
removed and all the bridges and water stations destroyed. The con-
struction of the railiXMtd kept pace with the advance of the troops, and
the supplies were moved by rail from camp to camp each day and
unloaded from the main track. This mode of advance and move-
ment of supplies was continued until we reached a x>oint on the rail-
road opposite and near the battle-field of Wise's Cross-Boads. Here
we made a temporary depot which was used until we reached Neuse
964 COBBESPOMDSNCEi BXa
River on the 20tih of March. The depot was then transferred to that
Eoint, from which General Schofield drew the neceesaiy suppliee for
is army previous to his advance on Goldsborongh. The Nense River
bridge was finished on the 23dy and pushing forward both night and
day with the work beyond, we reached Gkddsborough with the con-
struction train late in the night of the 24th, but in conseqaence of
having to repair a piece of track at the edge of town we did not reach
the dei>ot until 3 a. m. on the 25th. General Sherman's army had all
reached the place of meeting on the previous day.
The amount of track laid on this roiad is as follows:
Feet. Feet
Side-track on crib-work 1,000
Side-track on new whaif 700
Side-track to oommiaBary store-hoofle 500
Total sidings at Morehead City 2,200
Siding at Carolina City 1,200
Siding at Wheeler*s Station 500
Siding at Havelock Station 1,500
Siding at qnartermaster's wood yard 5,280
Siding for crippled cars 500
Siding to carpenter shop 1,000
Total sidings at New Berne 1,800
Siding at Batcheiaer*s Creek 1,500
Siding at Tosoarora 1,200
Siding at Core Creek 1,200
Siding at Dover Station 1,200
Siding at Nense River 1,100
Sidinff at Goldsborongh 2,000
Main line between Batchelder*s Creek and Gk>ldsborongh, 17 miles and 2, 800
Main Une over bridges 1,288
Total, 21 miles 2,448
To this amount must be added one mile wide-gauge track for
reception of five-feet gauge rolling-stock, which was not landed, mak-
ing total 22 miles 2,448 feet, for which the Gk>vemment furnished all
the rails, chairs, and spikes, and also all the cross-ties, amounting
to 111,100.
Bridges.
The following tabular statement shows the dimensions and amount
of material in uie bridges built on this line:
H
I
Batobelder'e Creek . . .
Core Creek
Sontliweet Creek
KeofleBlTer.Ko.!...
FalUag Water Greek.
BeerC^eek
70
100
s»
Its
70
liM
10k SOO
1ft, 010
U7S0
1411 710
10. MO
1ft, <M
Tetel.
no, 40*
Water stations were built at Havelock Station, Batchelder's Creek,
Core Creek, Southwest Creek, Kinston Station, Moseley Hall Station,
and Goldsborongh.
UNION AUTHORITIES.
Wharf
965
A large wharf was construoted by General Shennan's order at More-
head City, which was of great service in the transshipping of freight
for the army at that point. It covered an area of 53,682 square
feet, or very nearly one acre and a quarter, and was of sufficient
capacity for seven or eight vessels to lie alongside and discharge or
receive freight at the same time. Any vessel that could cross the bar
could come to the wharf; the depth of water on the bar is fourteen
feet and a half. The cost of labor on this piece of work was $32,086,
and the amount of lumber consumed 700,000 feet, B. M. A crib-work
for an additional track alongside the causeway leading from the wharf
to the mainland was built, in which was used 66,000 feet, B. M., of
timber. The total cost of labor on the Atlantic and North Carolina
Railroad up to June 30, 1865, was $362,366.30. This road was turned
over to the company October 5, 1865.
WILMINOTOK AND WBLDON RAILBOaD.
Immediately ui>on our arrival at Goldsborough the construction
force was put to work on this road so as to open up communication
with Wilmington, eighty-five miles distant from Goldsborough. This
was accomplished on the 4th of April, and trains commenced running
through on the same day. The portion of this road north of Golds-
borough was not used for military purposes.
Track.
But a small amount of track other than that on the bridges which
had been burned was destroyed.
Main track relaid 1,400
Side-track at Northeart 1,000
Total track laid 2,400
The following tabular statement shows the dimensions and the
amount of material in the bridges built on this line:
H--.
ii
1
J
i
ITfinMi Biyer. No. 8
t
8
t
40
ao
80
Fmt.
872
m
F0€t,B.M,
80,000
111,000
Smith*! Cnek
40.240
tsAtX
m
107.700
The cost of labor on the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad up to
June 30, 1865, amounted to $105,028.05. This road was turned over
to the company August 27, 1865.
NORTH CABOUNA RAILROAD.
This road extends from Goldsborough to Charlotte, but we took
possession of and used it only as far as Hillsborough, eighty-eight
miles from €k>ldsborough. On the 10th of April General Sherman
commenced his march on Raleigh, and on the same day we commenced
the work of reconstruction on the railroad. We found the two prin-
cipal bridges east of Raleigh destroyed and about eight miles of main
966
COBBESPONDBNOEy ETC.
tarack torn ap» and ties burned^ and rails bent in the nsnal man-
ner. But in addition the enemy had filled up some of the principal
cuts with earth, rocks, logs, and brush, hoping thus to prevent the
work of reconstruction, or at least retard it so as to interfere with
Shermaai's plan of pursuit. But their efforts were unsuccessful, for
on the 19th the work of reconstruction was completed and we ran into
Raleigh on the evening of that day with the construction train, closely
followed by two trains loaded with supplies for the army. During
the negotiations for Johnston's surrender we ran trains to Durham's
station, and after the surrender we built Flat Creek bridge, ten miles
beyond, thus opening the road to Hillsborough, to which i>oint it was
used during the time required to parole Johnston's army. The prin-
cipal business done over it during this time was carrying subsistence
stores to the enemy who had just surrendered.
Track.
The track laid is as follows:
Ifaintnusk
Side-tnok «t Mmtb mile pott . .
SMe-tnMkatBoom mu
Kalii tmok orer lirldgM
Total
Or7iiil]w8,MAfeet.
. 37,9M
SU
Bridges,
The following tabular statement shows the dimensions and the
amount of material in the bridges on this line:
K-.
ii
1
1
II
LttUoRtw
1
t
1
U
88
88
IM
814
180
M.808
NttiiMHlT«r.KA.2
0,888
UstCnek
10.808
Total
564
86,888
Water stations
Were built at Little River and at Smithfield Station. The cost of
labor on the North Carolina Railroad up to June SO, 1865, amounted
to $162,433.86. The i>ortion of this road west of Raleigh was relin-
quished to the company immediately after the dispersion of General
Johnston's army, but the i>ortion between Goldsborough and Raleigh,
forty-eight miles in length, was held and operated by the Government
until October 22^ 1865, when it was also turned over to the company.
RALEIGH AND GASTON RAILBOAD.
This road extends from Raleigh to Gaston, but only twenty-five
miles of it, the x>ortion from Raleigh to Cedar Creek, was in our pos-
session and this but for a short time. By General Sherman's order I
made an arrangement with Doctor Hawkins, the president of the road,
for the use of four locomotives and forty oars for Government serv-
ice as long as they might be required, and in consideration for this
loan we built the Cedar Creek bridge. Johnston's surrender and the
arrival of more rolling-stock from the North made it unneoessaiy
for us to call on this company for the fulfillment of their part of the
contract.
UNION AUTHOBmBB.
967
Track,
Kaln tTMk Ijdd (on Cedar Creek Mdge) 600
Slte-tnek (at Ceder Creek bridge) SOD
Totol "ioo
Cedar Creek bridge was in four spans, 74 feet high. Total length
532 feet, and contained 319,200 feet, B. M., of timber. This bridge
was completed on the 3d of May, and the road never having been for-
mally in our possession, was at once commenced to be operated by
the company. The cost of labor on the Raleigh and Gaston Railroad
amounted to $12,000.
The following tabular statement shows the cost of labor for con-
struction and maintenance of way on the military railroads in the
DeiNirtment of North Carolina from February 1 to June 30, 1865.
I have been unable to obtain a statement of expenses for maintenance
of way after Colonel Bo^d took charge, but I presume the receipts
from i>assengers and freight were during his administration more
than suflftcient to pay them:
Ifontk.
▲mount.
Pebmary. ...*.....>.
1866.
$lS8,977.flO
Maroh
191, ISl. 11
Anril
170,489.86
M^ ::::": "::::
06,740.87
j^::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
60,144.68
Total
641. 886. SI
MoDthly aven^ - ., ,
198,866.64
This amount is chargeable to the different roads in the following
proportion:
Atlantto and North Carolloa $868,866180
Wflmlngton and Weldon 106.088.06
Korth darolina 108,488.86
BalaighandGaatoB 18,000.00
Total 641,838.11
The cost of materials used on the several roads is given below:
Atlantic and North Carolina RaUroad,
Quantity.
Bate.
Total eoat.
Xron raile ..--r-,-,-, -,,-
^ tone..
1,800
90,000
188.000
0120 per ton
«216,000.00
7,20a 00
Chaire
ponnda..
do....
8 eenta per poand
Spikee
84 centa per poand > • . .
11,476.00
Total
884,675.00
WUmington and Weldon Railroad.
Iron raila
tone..
40
8.000
8,000
0120 per ton
84,800.00
Chairs
:;:::::::::::::::::?!T!!:.
8oen^ per poond
100.00
Spikea
8| centa ]»er poond
856.00
Total
5,215.00
North Carolina Railroad,
Iron raila .
Chaira....
Spikea....
.poimda..
.rr.do....
Total.
31,000
46,500
0120pert<m
8 oente per poond. .
S^oenta per poand.
174.400.00
2,480.00
8,862.60
80,888.60
968
COBREBPONDBKCEy ETC.
Baleigh and Qagton BaUroad.
Quantity.
Bate.
ToOaloMl
Iron nflff .......rr......
tona..
IS
006
906
OlSOperton
$1,440.00
48. 4D
Chain.
poniida..
do. . . .
8 owiW par pound
Spikes
84 ouniirim/nonnid
TOitl
Total
1,606.82
BeeapiiulaHon of cost of material tued and labor pefformed for eonsiruoHom and
maintenance of way on the U. S, military raUroada in the I)^[fariment of North
Carolina,
From—
To-
s
i
Tnwklnidl»-G«««a.
Name of itMd.
0§
i
1
1
Atlantic and North
Carolina.
Wilmington and W«l.
Kor£ Carolina
BalalghandQaaton....
MoreheadCity.
Goldabonragh
do
MilM.
06
66
88
86
870
664
688
jrott.
17.08
.88
7.80
.10
JTOm.
4.78
.SO
.88
.06
jroia.
8101
.08
^^r^-
HiUabonmgh.
OadarCrMk..
T.08
.15
Total
SOS
8.888
86.84
6.86
80.00
Kama of load.
Vrom-
To-
Coot.
ICateiiak.
■
Labor.
TMbL
Atlantic and North
Carolina.
Wilmington and Wei-
Noci^' Carolina
BaleighudOaaton....
Wllmingtvn r
do
8884.076.00
6,816.00
80,888.50
1,606.88
0868,808.80
106,018.06
18^488.86
18,000100
8887.O4L80
110,818.06
S4S.S8180
lS,8«w88
Qoldaboroogh ..
Baleigh.. .......
Hillaboroagh .
Cedar Cnak..
Total
822,887 n
<U1.A»L«1
g^A iiAM
QENEBAL BEMARK8.
The Construction Corps was an organization created by the neces-
sities of the service. At the beginning of the war no one anticipated
the important part that railroads were to ph&y in the various military
movements, and it was not until the spring of 1862 that the mili-
tary railroad organization began to assume a useful shape. Hie first
construction corps was composed of soldiers and was employed in
opening the railxt)ad from Aquia Creek to Fredericksburg, and after^
ward on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad. It was soon found,
however, that soldiers were not well suited to this kind of service, and
in their stead a small force of skilled civilian mechanics and laborers
were employed. It was attempted, in the first place, to arm and drill
these men, but after a time this was abandoned, as experience showed
that men could not fight and work to advantage at the same time.
The value and imx>ortance of this working corps was becoming f uUy
known in the East when you took charge of the military railr^ds in
the Southwest. You directed a portion of them to be sent to that
UNION AUTHORITIES.
969
new field of operations, and they thus formed the germ of the Con-
straction Corps of the Military' Division of the Mississippi, which at
one time numbered nearly 6,000 men. The large field over which
this corps had to operate and the extraordinary demands made upon
the skill and endurance of its members rendered it necessary to
make a more thorough organization than had existed in the East, and
accordingly the following plan of organization was adopted for a
division of the Ck>nstruction Corps as it existed in the Military Divis-
ion of the Mississippi:
The number of divisions was increased or diminished to suit the
requirements of military movements, llie greatest number of divis-
ions at any one time was seven. £ach division was under the com-
mand of a division engineer, and was divided into subdivisions or
sections. A subdivision was under the command of a supervisor.
The two largest and most important subdivisions in a division were
the track-layers and bridge-builders. Subdivisions were composed
of gangs, each under a foreman. Gangs were subdivided into
squads, each under a sub-foreman.
DiTlslOll i
Aaaittant engineor. .
Clerk
MetMngera .
Total..
8abdl¥iiionNo.l:
Soperrlaor of bridfot and carpentor work.
Clerk and timekeeper
Commtiaary
QoATtermaater
oorgeoii.
Hospital steward
Foremen (one for each fifty men) 6
Sab-foremen (one for each ten men) 80
Meohanioa andlaborera 800
Btaoksmith and helper t
Cooka 12
Total..
856
SnbdiTiaion Ko. 2:
Saperytior of track ...
Clerk and timekeeper .
Commlaaary.
Sorgeon
Hospital atonward ••..
Foremen (one for each fifty men)
Sab-foremen (one for each ten 'men) 80
Hechanios andlaborera 800
Blacksmith and helper 2
Cooks It
Total.
356
SabdlTlaionKo.8:
Snperriaor of water atationa. .
Foreman
Heehanios and laboxera
Cook
Total..
SabdlTiaionKo.4:
Snperriaor of masonry.
Foreman
Masons and helpers
Cook .VT.
Total.
1
1
13
1
"5
1
1
10
1
SnbdiTiaion No. 5:
Foreman of ox brigade 1
Ox drivers 18
Cook 1
Total .
Train orew:
Condnetora
Brakemen
Looomotive engineers .
Firemen
Cook
Total 11
Grand tatal 777
The commissaries had charge of drawing, caring for, and issuing
rations. The quartermaster had charge of tools, camp equipage, &c.
Each foreman was resi>onsible for the tools and other Government
prox>erty issued to his gang. Each supervisor reported the time made
by the men in his subdivision through his division engineer to the
chief timekeeper, who was stationed at the headquarters of the chief
engineer. The surgeons were appointed by the chief engineer, and
were paid out of a private fund voluntarily contributed by the men for
hospital purposes. Sub-foremen were appointed by the foremen, sub-
ject to the approval of the division engineer. Foremen were appointed
by the division engineer, subject to the approval of the chief engi-
neer. Division and assistant engineers were appointed by the chief
engineer, subject to the approval of the general manager. Under
this organization each division was a complete whole in itself and
970 COBBESPONDEKCE, ETC.
was ready to move at a moment's notice to any point and do any kind
of railroad work. In the early part of 1864 much difficulty was
experienced in getting the requisite transportation for construction
operations. The number of cars and locomotives was so limited that
they were nearly all employed in carrying necessary supplies for the
troops, and teams and wagons could not be furnished by the Quarter-
master's Department. We were therefore compelled in many eases
to carry or draw for long distances by hand bridge timber, cross-ties,
and other heavy materials. In this dilemma Colonel Beckwith, chief
commissary of subsistence Military Division of the Mississippi, came
to our rescue and offered us the use of such cattle out of his droves of
beef -cattle as we could train to work. We immediately made a lot
of yokes and other necessary fixtures and rigged up several ox teams.
The result was so satisfactory that we afterward drew a large num-
ber of cattle, and each division of the corps was furnished with about
fifty yoke of work oxen. These were of great service in our future
operations. And soon after the Atlanta camx)aign commenced our
supply of rolling-stock had increased so much that we were able to
get cars and locomotives enough for several construction trains,
which were retained as long as wanted. As an instance of the facil-
ity with which the Construction Corps moved and its preparation for
an emergency, I will mention the movement of the Second Division
from Chattanooga to North Carolina via Baltimore, Md.,and Savan-
nah, Ga., in January, 1865. This division was at work on the Nash-
ville and Chattanooga Railroad at the time the order was received,
but within twenty-four hours it was ready to move, and after the
long journey by land and sea in the dead of winter they commenced
work on the Morehead City and Goldsborough Railroad within six
hours after landing in North Carolina. In no railroad operations
during the war was the efficiency of the military railroad organiza-
tion more fully demonstrated than in North Carolina. We had but
five weeks from the time of our arrival in this department in which
to accomplish the work necessary to enable us to supply General
Sherman's army at Goldsborough "by the middle of March," The
various branches of the railroad service had to be thoroughly organ-
ized, the requisite men and materials procured from the North, the
rolling-stock on hand repaired and put in serviceable condition, 22}
miles of track and 1,288 feet lineal of bridges built, a large wharf on
piles built at Morehead City, and a vast amount of other work to be
done. All was accomplished by the time appointed, and General
Sherman's army more than fully supplied on the 9th of April, one
day before the time he had fixed for moving from Goldsborough.
The non-arrival of rolling-stock exx>ected from the North left us with
but a very limited supply for the large amount of transportation to
be done, but by keeping every wheel we had moving night and day,
and being so fortunate as not to have a single serious accident to our
trains, we were enabled to get through. From the 25th of April to
the 9th of May nearly 3,000 cars loaded with supplies of various
kinds were forwarded from the coast to the army lying around Golds-
borough. For this service we had up to April 1 five locomotives
and eighty-seven cars, and after that date one more locomotive, but
the same number of cars.
In conclusion, I again wish to bear full testimony to the valuable
services rendered by my assistants, both in the Military Division of
the Mississippi and in North Carolina. The following is a list of the
principal officers: Military Division of the Mississippi— L. H. Eicholtz,
division engineer, First Division, and acting chief engineer during
UNION AUTHORITIES.
971
my abaenoe in North Carolina; GoL John Clark, in charge of con-
Rtruction Nashville and Northwestern Railroad ; E. C. Smeed, division
engineer, Second Division; John F. Burgin, division engineer, Fourth
Division; W. R. Kingsley, division engineer, Fifth Division; Charles
Latimer, division engineer, Seventh Division; William McDonald,
assistant engineer, Third Division; M. £. Hart, chief clerk in chief
engineer's office; M. B. Saul, chief timekeeper. North Carolina — J. B.
Van Dyne, superintendent of transportation; E. C. Smeed, division
engineer until May 1, 1865, and afterward resident engineer military
railroads North Carolina; S. O. BuU, assistant en^eer; William
Cesttford, master mechanic; H. M. Zook, chief clerk in office of chief
engineer and general superintendent.
Several of the supervisors deserve special mention, and it gives me
pleasure to name H. H. Rozelle, supervisor bridges. First Division;
George Crisman, supervisor bridges. Second Division; G. J. Speer,
supervisor. Third Division; A. R. Moore, supervisor carpenters. Fourth
Division; H. E, Gray, sujiervisor track. First Division; O. W. Clough,
supervisor track, Second Division; T. J. Bones, supervisor track.
Third Division; I. N. Carroll, supervisor track. Seventh Division; H. J.
Bradford, sujiervisor saw-mills; Frank McG<>rvin, sui>ervisor wharf
construction. To many of the officers of the Army I am indebted for
valuable assistance and efficient co-operation in all our labors, but more
especially to Generals Beckwith and Easton, chief commissMy of sub-
sistence and chief quartermaster. Military Division of the Mississippi.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. W. WRIGHT,
Chief Engineer MUita/ry RaUroada United Stales,
U. S. MILrTART RAILROADS, DIVISION OF THE MIBSISSIPi'I.
Report of lumber tawed at the miUs operated by the Conetruction Corps.
If ILL AT LOUDON.
Montb.
DMoriptkm of lumber.
Shingles.
Plank.
Timber.
BoMda.
Soantliiig.
Total.
1864.
June.....
Aft.
JWt.
F$et.
JFtet,
Ftet,
a29,000
107.000
108,400
105.500
183,964
188.400
96.000
97,000
108.600
57.477
88.848
96,842
^urnftir.
July
60,000
88,000
87.000
88,888
28,000
8,500
17,000
68,460
1,000
12.048
18,689
17,000
88,000
48,600
68,000
8.400
4,100
40,000
12,400
86,000
87,632
106.000
85.400
65,000
24,600
17,000
70,705
83,153
Anffiut
sSJIJmw....::::::::::::::
Octob«r
No¥6mber
Dooanbor
1805.
JtoMBry ........... r.T.T*.^-
15,000
Fftbrnwry ...................
16.650
89,477
March
Anril
mS^::::::;;:;::;::;:::::::
ToUl
842,614
206,127
016,790
15,000
1,208.581
KILL AT LSNOIR.
1864.
Jnne
July
Aanut....
September.,
October
Norember.
Deoamber .
60.000
134.866
76,305
65,903
80,798
85,853
75,539
80,848
2,662
16,943
19.588
21,558
a870,4U
128,665
151,809
126.686
106.911
75.539
80,348
87,250
86,600
183,250
142,406
191.950
200,250
a AMorted
972
COBRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Report of lumber sawed at the ftMe operated by the ConstrueUon Oorp«— Cont^
MILL AT LEK0nU4>intino«d.
Mmtb.
DaMripfeUmoflimibar.
PlABk.
Timber.
Bowdt.
ScuttiBg.
Totol.
1865.
/■onary
JM.
Fut.
76,688
82.266
60.466
28.866
61.164
FteL
76^688
7i:386
72.216
86. m
76,810
JTnmktt.
144.790
F«bmiry
28,480
21,750
22,000
14,116
15,648
118. SOO
If iii^h . .'
166, SM
Anrii
18,766
187, 606
mK:::::::!:;::::::::':::::
YfC4^
ToUd
851,967
28,406
561,915
60.746
1.908,460
1,647.866
MILL AT CHASLKSTON.
Juab
July
Aagoat.....
September.
October....
NoTember .
1866.
jMiiiarj..
FebnuiT.
Maroh.
Ap
^.:
Total.
14,000
26,000
24,000
80,000
16,866
6,000
8,718
7,785
24,279
108.086
8,888
8,081
86,000
8&,0MI
84,000
60.000
61,878
20,000
85,000
12,000
28,278
22.881
66,486
6,269 874,687
6,000
•.729
11,728
■ 185,000
49,000
60.006
58,000
60,000
51,818
90.000
66.888
26.729
86^ 2»
88,667
79,774
•3% en
MILL AT CHICKAMAUGA.
1864.
Jane
Joly
Augaat....
September.
October....
Iforember .
Jamiacy ..
Febmacy.
Maioh.
Ap^
^.:
Total.
60.000
40,011
41,000
11,916
17,972
90,799
80,476
20,587
14,019
10,288
207.018
40,000
48,280
48,000
84.000
86.104
4A.688
106,786
81,764
82,688
86.966
66,666
506,878
1A.00O
14,464
16^000
26,000
8,000
2,242
72,619
71,069
68,886
10,261
288.901
al4«.896
106^006
96^785
69,006
6^000
46. UO
78^746
186. 8n
184.746
126. 14»
100.810
76k la
1, 208,618
MILL AT CHATTANOOGA.
Horember .
1866.
Jaaaacy..
February.
Maivb....
^.:
Total.
12,548
60,000
18.264
20,000
40,000
40,614
16,000
191.821
10,0
4,2n
"74,677
96,488
40,000
60.000
15,000
96,867
68.888
72,651
880.965
96,888
10.000
6.850
8.000
2.206
~41,288
48,061
120,288
78,264
40,860
188.967
112,668
94.184
628,161 !7
cAMorted.
UHION AUTH0BITIE8.
973
Bq^ioriofhimberaawedat the vdXU operated ^ tAe OoiaolntcMm Oor|M--Cont'd.
BBCAPITULATXOV.
LooattOBof mJlL
PUttk.
Tlmbor.
Botfds.
SoMBtUag.
A-««.
Total.
ShlaSlM.
London
JWt.
842.014
851.007
152.080
207,018
101,881
FMt.
206,127
IK 408
8.200
'"i4,'677'
F4tL
816,790
681.015
874.587
608.878
880.905
15.000
00.740
11.720
282.001
41.288
Fui.
20,000
819.444
185.000
149.888
Fe$t.
1.208,681
879.021
1,208.078
028,151
NMimXm.
TrfBflfr
1,647,865
CrhftriMiton ....<......
fthsttennnff^
TMil
1.806,001
286.881
2.408.080
411.884
1.108,880 1 &.09ILAM
1,647.866
'
Co8t of labor in manafactniing the above amount of lumber,
$163,104.90.
ExhSbii relative to the volunteer forcee of the U, 8, Army.
Remaiiiliig aa per ei
]iibitoflf«roh27.
Since nrdered mas-
tered eat.
Win remain when
mnaten out aa ofdered
ahaU hare been oem-
pleted.
Xaata
MJddlea
WaahlngtoDa
OhioA
Kentookyd
IfiesooTfe
Virginian
l^orth Carolina/.,
South Caxoltna/..
Oeovglay
IdauMippi g
791
1,100
1,714
1,286
848
2,896
791
1,100
2,458
8,128
2.808
Arkanaaa/...
Florida/.....
Xionialana { . . .
Texaai ,
CdlnmbiaS^-
Total..
870
1.001
081
1.071
2,460
1,422
8,081
781
820
8.712
721
4,208
SL908
1487
4,060
7,184
1.870
2,772
1,441
4,788
8.171
4.206
2,808
«87
0,082
10.815
17.005
30.217
47,282
1,010
1.421
1,120
2,808
1,010
1.448
1.190
2.888
801
150
150
712
801
160
1.005
180
d848
8a
250
021
1.071
2,460
8,712
721
4,208
250
1,441
4.788
8.171
4.206
87U
1,741
806
781
1,876
2.522
871
8,881
197
1.142
1.068
4.828
561
2,908
A 815
4.468
6,002
2,000
2.906
816
5.014
6,089
2,000
12.001
18, S
f
26,210
6,074
17,820
28.804
a Mnaten oat eompleted. Tbe wblte Ixoopa remaining are of the Veteran Seaerre Corpa and two
and tbree yeara' men of Hanoook'a eorpa.
b Mnatera ont completed.
cMnstrra ont of number to be diaebarged. Statemmit of March 27 will be completed by Jnne 10.
dTraneferred f^om the Department or the Ohio,
e Completed.
J Completed eo ll» an ordered.
0 Maatere oi
a Strength o
187) aa per rep
i Mnatera out will be completed by June 6.
0 Moatera ont well advanced ; will be completed, ao far aa now known, by Jnne 5.
a Strength of 82d U. S. Colored Trocpa, that raiment having been kept instead of 99th (strength
487) aa per report of March 27.
i Mnatera out will be complel ^
jDropped on retan of March 27 and taken np on thia, aa it is beliered oironmstancea haye pie-
▼ented the mnatera oat.
THOMAS M. VINCBNT,
AesUtant Adlifutant'OeneraL
Wax Dipabtmsnt, AoJUTAirT-GxNsaALls Officb,
May IS, 1866.
974 OOBBBfiPOBDBNOBi BXC.
Officb DntBCTOB AND Obkbral Managkb
MnjTABT Railboadb United States,
Washington, D. C, May 26, 1866.
Byt. Maj. Gen. M. C. Meigb,
Quartermaster-General U, 8. Army, Washington, D. C:
General : I have the honor to submit the following report npon
the military railroads of the United States nnder my chiuige during
the war:
On the 11th day of February, 1862, 1 received the following order:
Wab Depabtmsrt,
Washington City, D. C, February 11, ISSSS.
Ordered, That D. C. MoOallam be, and he is hereby, appointed military director
and sapeiintendent of railroads in the United States, with aathority to enter
npon, take poeeessiQn of, hold, and nee all railroads, engin^ee, cars, looomotiTes,
equipments, appendages, and apportenanoes that may be required for the trans-
port of troops, arms, ammnniticni, and military sapplies of the United States and
to do and perform all acts and things that may be necessary and proper to be
done for the safe and speedv transport aforesaid.
By order of the Preodent, Oommander^in-Chief of the Aimy and Nayy of the
United States:
EDWIN M. STANTON,
Secretory of War.
Upon assuming the duties indicated by the above order I found
only one railroad in possession of the Government — ^that from Wash-
ington to Alexandria, seven miles long, and in charge of Gapt. R. F.
Morley, acting assistant quartermaster.
Under an order from the War Department, dated January 10, 1862,
the track had been relaid with new T-rails, the entire road bed
repaired, and a track laid across Long Bridge over the Potomac
River. Previously all passengers and freight had been transferred
across the bridge by horse power. In Alexandria the tracks had been
laid through the city to form a junction with the Orange and Alex-
andria Railroad. The road was used regularly and continuously
without interruption from this time f orwaond until the dose of the
war, and on the 7th day of August, 1865, was surrendered to the
Alexandria, Washington and Georgetown Railroad Company. Dur-
ing the period of its military occui>ation the value of construction
and repairs made upon it not properly chargeable to the coet of oper-
ation amounted to 1107,328.88. The transportation from February 9,
1862, to August 7, 1865, three years five months twenty-eight days,
was as follows: Number of eng^es run over the road for other than
local construction purposes, 8,983; number of loaded cars, 30,457;
number of empty cars, 20,699; total number of cars, 51,156.
In March, 1862, Major-Gk)neral McClellan instructed me to have a
line examined for a railroad from Winchester — ^the terminus of the
Harper's Ferry and Winchester Railroad— -to Strasburg, a station of
the Manassas Gap Railroad, in the Shenandoah Valley, and to make
an estimate of the cost. This was completed early in April, but the
railroad was not built. March 14, 1862, General McClellan instructed
me to have five locomotives and eighty cars loaded upon vessels in
the harbor of Baltimore and held subject to his orders with a view to
using them in his contemplated Peninsular campaign. They were
purchased from Nortiiem railroad companies, loaded as directed, and
remained on the vessels until early in May, when they were sent to
White House, Ya., and placed ui>on the Richmond and York River
Railroad. Another engine was added in June to the number, and lUl
UNION AUTHORmEa. 975
employed in transporting enpplies between White Honse and tlie
f ronty which, towiunl the close of Jone, was twenty miles from White
Honse and f onr miles from Richmond. Upon the withdrawal of the
Army of the Potomac to Harrison's Landing, Jnne 28, all the roUins-
stock was destroyed or damaged as far as practicable to prevent It
from falling into the hands of the enemy.
Near the close of March, 1862, the Orange and Alexandria Railroad
was opened to Manassas Junction, twenty-six miles from Alexandria,
and in April to Warrenton Junction, thirty-nine miles. In August,
after relaying six miles of track and bridging Rappahannock River, the
road was open to Culpeper, sixty-one miles, which at the time was the
main dei>ot of supplies for the Army of Virginia. A few trains were
run to the Rapidan River, eighty miles. Upon the retreat of General
Pope in the last days of August the road was entirely abandoned,
with the loss of 7 locomotives and 295 cars. In November it was
reopened for a few days to Bealeton, forty-six miles, and to the town
of Warrenton, to supply the Army of the Potomac on its march from
Antietam to Fredericksburg.
The Manassas Gap Railroad was opened early in April, 1862, to
Strasburg, sixty-one miles from Manassas and eighty-seven miles from
Alexandria. It was operated only a very short time to Strasburg,
but continued in use to Front Royal, fifty-one miles from Manassas,
through May and part of June, when it was abandoned. In Novem-
ber, 1862, trains were run over it to Front Royal for a few days with
supplies for General McClellan's army.
The Alexandria, Loudoun and Hampshire Railroad was opened in
the spring of 1862 to Vienna, fifteen miles from Alexandria, and used
for transi>orting supplies to the fortifications south of Washington
and the camps along its line. During the first two weeks of Septem-
ber it was the princii>al line of supply for the Army of the Potomac
when encamped near Washington after the second battle of Bull Run
and previous to the Antietam campaign.
These four railroads comprise all that were operated as military
lines from Alexandria and Washington. They were subsequently
used more or less at various times, as will be mentioned hereafter,
and continued to play an important i>art in the operations of the
Army of the Potomac.
In April, 1862, the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Rail-
road was opened from Aquia Creek to Fredericksburg, fifteen miles,
and operated to supply the forces stationed at Fredericksburg. The
road was abandoned September 7, with the loss of one engine, fifty-
seven cars, and a small quantity of material.
On the 18th of November rei>airs were again commenced, and the
road was opened on the 28th to Falmouth, opposite Fredericksburg,
and was used to supply the Army of the Potomac until June, 1863.
A very large amount of work was required not only to the railroad,
but to the wharves at Aquia Creek, all of which had been burned
when this line was abandoned by our forces.
The limited accommodations for receiving and delivering freight
and passengers at Aquia rendered an increase of wharf room and
tracks necessary, and a new wharf, afterward named "Yuba Dam,**
was completed in February, one mile below Aquia Creek wharf, and
the necessary tracks laid from the main road to it. Vessels drawing
ten feet and a half of water could land at the new wharf at low tide,
976 C0BBE8P0NDENCE, BTC.
while there was only eight and a half feet at high water at the
old one. This improyement proved to be a valuable acquisition to
the means of supplying the army. The road continued to beVnsed
without interruption until June, 1863, when it was abandoned with
small loss of material, but the bridges, buildings, and wharves were
soon afterward burned by the enemy.
The eastern portion of the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad was
taken in charge July 22, 1862, and the gauge at once changed from
five feet to four feet eight and one-half inches for forty-four miles.
At Suffolk, twenty-three miles from Norfolk, this line crosses the
Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad running from Portsmouth, opposite
Norfolk. A connecting track was laid between the two roads in
August, 1862, and these lines were afterward operated together.
In May, 1803, about fifteen miles of track was taken up on the Nor-
folk and Petersburg Railroad west of Suffolk by order of Mi^or-
Gtoneral Dix, and about the same length on the Seaboard and Roanoke.
The two roads were afterward operated to Suffolk until the close of
the war, for local military purposes, and were not identified with
any of the great military operations or oampalgns. From July 22,
1862, to June 30, 1863, the transportation over them was as follows:
Troops, 107,359 men; quartermaster's stores, 23,757 tons; subsistence
stores, 9,043 tons; ordnance stores, 2,353 tons; total stores, 35,153
tons.
In April, 1863, the Orange and Alexandria Railroad was opened to
Bealeton and used a few days to supply a force on the Rappahan-
nock. The portion south of Bull Run was then abandoned, and
about the 15th of June the whole road outside the defenses of Wash-
ington was evacuated.
July 18 repairs were recommenced and continued till the road was
ox)ened to Guli>eper. Not having been much damaged by the enemy,
the amount of work necessary to put it in running order was smalL
It was used until the 1st of October to supply the army of General
Meade after its return to Virginia from the Gettysburg campaign.
Early in October it was again abandoned south of Bull Run, and
was thoroughly destroyed by the enemy from Manassas Junction
nearly to Brandy Station, about twenty-two miles. Repairs were
commenced October 23, and the damaged road opened October 30 to
Warrenton Junction, eleven miles, and to Culpeper November 16, to
which x>oint it was operated during the winter and until the final
advance under Lieutenant-General Grant of the Army of the Potomac
May 4y 1864, when it was abandoned beyond Burke's Station, four-
teen miles from Alexandria.
Rapi>ahannock River bridge, 625 feet long and 35 feet high, was
rebuilt in nineteen working hours. The Army of the Potomac
remained in winter quarters on the south side of the Rappahannock
and received aU its supplies for men and animals during the winter
and spring over this single-track road.
The Manassas Gap Railroad was reopened to White Plains, twenty-
three miles from Manassas, in August, 1863, and used for a few days
to deliver supplies for General Meade's army on the march from
Gettysburg to Culpeper.
On the 2d day of July, 1863, military possession was taken of the
Western Maryland Railroad from Baltimore to Westminster, in
Maryland, thirty-six miles, which, from its position, had become the
UKioN AnTHOBmEa. 977
line of Bopplies for the army of General Meade at GettyBbnrg. Suffi-
cient locomotives, cars, f ael, supplies, and men to operate it were
brought from the military railroads of Virginia, the equipment belong-
ing to the road itself being wholly inadequate. The road was restor^
to the owners July 7, the army having moved to the line of the Balti-
more and Ohio Railroad.
July 9, 1863, full military possession was taken of the railroad from
Hanover Junction to Gettysburg, thirty miles, and it was operated
as a military line until August 1 to remove the wounded from the
field of battle to distant hospitals. During military occupation
about 15,580 wounded men were transported over it. The equipment
and men for this work were likewise furnished from the military
railroads of Virginia.
During the rebel occupation of Central Pennsylvania in June all
the bridges were destroyed by them on the Northern Central Railroad
between Hanover Junction and Harrisburg, and several miles of
track torn up on the Cumberland Valley and Franklin Railroads
between Hairisburg and Hagerstown, Md. The Vir^ia military
railroad construction corps rebuilt the bridges of the JM orthem Cen-
tral Railroad. The materials for the same were furnished from the
GU>vemment yard at Alexandria, Va. The railroad company after-
ward returned an equal quantity of material, the lumber amount-
ing to 150,000 feet, B. M. The same construction corps also relaid a
portion of the damaged track of the Cumberland Valley and Franklin
Railroads.
As the war progressed the nature, capacity, and value of railroads
were better understood on both sides, and more systematic and deter-
mined efforts were made by the enemy against the lines used for
transporting supplies to our armies. The destruction of track and
bridges was greater each subsequent time the roads jMussed within
their military lines, and it became apparent that extraordinary prepa-
rations must be made to meet it. Early in 1863 a small construction
corps was formed, consisting of about 300 men, which was the begin-
ning of an organization afterward numbering in the East and West
nearly 10,000. The design of the corps was to combine a body of
skilled workmen in each department of railroad construction and
repairs, under competent engineers, supplied with abundant mate-
rials, tools, mechanical appliances, and transportation. They were
formed into divisions, gangs, and squads, in charge, respectively, of
supervisors, foremen, and sub-foremen, furnished with tents and field
equipment. Store-houses were established at principal x)oints, with
an ample stock of tools and materials.
With the opening of the campaign in Virginia in May, 1864, under
Lieutenant-General Grant, the Alexandria railroads ceased to bear
any important part. The Orange and Alexandria line was opened to
Rappahannock River, fifty miles, between September 28 and October
2, 1864, but at once abandoned back to Manassas. It was operated
to that station until November 10, when it was abandoned back to
Fairfax, sixteen miles from Alexandria. It was operated for that
distance until the close of the war, and June 27, 1865, was surrendered
to the Board of Public Works of Virginia.
The Manassas Gap Railroad was opened from Manassas to Pied-
mont, thirty-four miles, between October 3 and 11, and ox>erated until
62 R B— SERIES in, VOL V
978 C0BBE8P0in>BNCE, KTG.
October 27, 1864. Between that date and November 10 the rails
were taken up between the above-named stations and carried to
Alexandria.
On the 9th of May, 1864, repairs were again commenced on the
railroad at Aqnia Greek, and it was opened to Falmouth, foorteen
miles, May 17. Potomac Creek bridge, seven miles from Aqnia, 414
feet long and 82 feet high, was bnilt ready for trains to pass in forty
working hoars. The road was operated until May 22 principally for
removing the wounded of the battles at Spotsylvania Gourt-House.
On that day it was abandoned and not afterwwrd used as a militaiy
line.
The Richmond and York River Railroad was opened about the Ist
of June from White House to Dispatch, fourteen miles, and operated
until June 10, when it was finally abandoned, the track taken up by
order of Lieutenant-General Grant, and the materials removed to
Alexandria.
Rolling-stock for the Aquia Creek and York River Railroads was
sent from Alexandria on barges prepared with tracks for the purpose
and taken away in the same manner, without loss or injury, when the
roads were abajidoned.
Near the close of June, 1864, the City Point and Petersburg Rail-
road was occupied to Pitkin Station, eight miles from City Point
During the fall and winter of 1864r-'66 eighteen miles of new railroad
were built, passing around to the south and southwest of the dty of
Petersburg, by which the armies of General Grant were prindpAl^
supplied.
The Richmond and Petersburg Railroad was opened April 4, 1865,
from Petersburg to the south bank of James River, opposite Rich-
mond, twenty-one miles, and was operated by this defiartment until
July 3, when it was turned over to the Virginia Board of Public
Works.
The Petersburg and Lynchburg Railroad was repaired between
April 4 and 11 to Burkeville, sixty-two miles from City Point, and used
for a short time to supply the armies of General Meade and the
paroled soldiers of General Lee's army. The gauge originally was
five feet, but not having proper rolling-stock at hand it was changed
to four feet eight inches and a half. It was operated as a military
road until July 24, when it was turned over to the Board of Public
Works.
Shortly after the surrender of General Johnston's army the Rich-
mond and Danville Railroad was opened to Danville, 140 miles, and
operated for military purposes until July 4, 1866, when it also was
surrendered to the Board of Public Works.
The Winchester and Potomac Railroad was repaired from BLarper's
Ferry to Halltown, six miles, between August 14 and 19, 1864; to
Stephenson's, twenty-eight miles, between November 2 and 24, and was
used to supply the army of General Sheridan, operating in the Valley
of Virginia. The iron used in the reconstruction of this line was
principally that taken from the Manassas Gap Railroad. The bridges
were all rebuilt. The road remained in charge of this department
until January 20, 1866, when it was restored to the railroad company.
UNION AUTHORITIES.
979
The railroads in Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania used at
any time daring the war as military lines, the terminal stations on
each while so used, and nnmber of miles operated were as follows:
Huiciofll&H.
Tftrmlnal lUtioiu.
Luifftfai.
Frotit^
xw
J^lA^*^fi(lf1« niirl Wuhtnit^^Fti ..... ... ...
4iB]uui4rifl, . . . ....
V^hlDEtOII ....... L I .
7
jLlflxAiidfiit, Londoan mad HmoipAhira ., .
.«.. do -„,..*....„*,*
VleoDA Ti , . - * * *..« wm * ,
Ifi
OrftDge and AlexaiidjiA . , . ,......, .^. ... ...
..,. .do....... *.*„.,..
Mltohbll'a
a
Warronton Branch. .«»,....,.....
Wamtitoti .......
9
BioluDoiid, Fred«rkkJilmrs And ratonuK ...
BtniAbtirji
B3
Aq hIa Crv4k ..*... #.« .
FnMlcHcksbartf
y*lrOak»
is
Wliite He}Uji«. -...
si
Clflv*.r Hill Brftnvb ...,.*,, , ,
Clorpr RIU
CoalMlBM...
18
Rlchmand Aikd D&ii vllle ,.
City Point...... ..,..
l#0
Saath Side ,
Burke ville
e3
Norfa^ and Pet^rebuTg^ .^tT^r*- ---*«. »*,»..
F1tkin.4ft
Norfolk
Black WftLer
44
P (^ rtA EDO u t h
SoffolL . .
17
WlDOll»t«r ivd POtOEDH. ................. ,
WHtorn Mu7luid. . . . __... .
HuiOTer Hnucti aod G etljftlinrji
HArper'i Ferry
BaUliDora. .>
StopheQBQo'v ^„
Wi!mtmkm%ei
Huiciver June don ....
uo
TolAl..
011
" '"\"" ^^--^- -.
The following tabular statements exhibit —
1. The number of persons employed, the greatest number employed
in any one month of each year, the average monthly number for the
year, and amount paid for their services.
2. The number of locomotive engines, how procured, number
added each year, and final disposition made of them.
3. The number of cars, &c.
4. The length of bridges and track built or rebuilt.
1. Number of persona employed and amount paid for servkee.
Year ending-
ployed monthly.
k
AoKmntpald
foTMrvioee.
Jane M, 1868
JaneW, 1888
June 80, 1864
June 90, 188B .......................
Nine monfhe ending March 81, 1868
Total
1,780
1.721
8,160
4. 548
1,860
750
1,8174
2,878
8,060
417
|846b748.0O
777.628.81
1,277,068.84
2,286.146.73
162,476.07
4,642
1,806
4,888,860.86
980 COBBEBPONDENCE, ETC.
8. LowmMoe tmqlneM provided and JInal diapoeUUm mads cf ikem.
Taw.
Bold-
1864.
S
I
f
M
4
Ttotel..
7S
8. Carg provided and final diepoaition made of them.
Cot procured.
OandfapoMdof*
IMS.
1884.
704
08
41ft
It
610
704
00
416
10
1»
TMil..
1,080
!•»
111
1,7»
In addition to the roUingnatook belonging to the department, in
eases of emergency the railroads north of Washington were freely
drawn npon for a supply, particularly in the early jiart of the war.
4. The length of hridgee and track built or rebuilt.
The total length of bridges built and rebuilt upon the Virginia raU-
roads, including those rebuilt in 1863 in Maryland and Pennsylvania,
was as follows:*
Trestle or temx>orary bridges, 33,336 linear feet; truss or permanent
bridges, 1,595 linear feet; total, 34,931 linear feet, or 6 miles 3,251
feet.
The total length of track laid upon the same railroads was 177 miles
2,061 feet. During the war and after its close 128 miles 5,163 feet
were takAn an.
UNION AUTHOBiriBS. 981
The following is a list of the principal officers of military railroads
of Virginia during the war:
186f^. — J. H. Devereux, superintendent railroads running from Alex*
andria; E. L. Wentz, engineer of repairs railroads running from
Alexandria; J. J. Moore, engineer of repairs railroads running
from Alexandria; A. Anderson, engineer of repairs railroads run-
ning from Alexandria; W. W. Wright, engineer and superintendent
Aquia Creek Railroad; E. L. Wentz, engineer and superintendent
Richmond and York River Railroad; £. L. Wentz, engineer and
superintendent Norfolk railroads.
186S. — J. H. Devereux, superintendent Alexandria railroads; J. J.
Moore, engineer of repairs Alexandria railroads; W. W. Wright,
engineer and sui>erintendent Aquia Creek Railroad; E. L. Wentz,
engineer and 8U];>erintendent Norfolk railroads; A. Anderson, chief
engineer military railroads of Virginia; J. B. Clough, construction
engineer military railroads of Virginia.
186J^ — ^E. L. Wentz, chief engineer and general su];>erintendent
military railroads of Virginia to November 1; J. J. Moore, chief
engineer and general sux>erintendent military railroads of Virginia
after November 1; M. J. McCrickett, sui)erintendent Alexandria rail-
roads to October 10; P. McCallum, superintendent Alexandria
railroads after October 10; P. McCallum, superintendent Norfolk rail-
roads to October 10; H. F. Woodward, superintendent Norfolk
railroads after October 10; G. M. Huntington, superintendent City
Point railroads; C. L. McAlpiue, engineer of repairs Ci^ Point rail-
roads; J. G. Beggs, superintendent Harper's Ferry railroad (Win-
chester and Potomac).
1866. — J. J. Moore, chief engineer and general superintendent mili-
tary railroads of Virginia; P. McCallum, superintendent Alexandria
railroads to March 10; W. H. McCafferty, superintendent Alexandria
railroads after March 10; G. M. Huntington, superintendent City
Point railroads; C. L. McAlpine, engineer City Point railroads to
May 1; T. D. Hays, engineer City Point railroads after May 1; H. F.
Woodward, sui)erintendent Norfolk railroads to March 1; P. B.
Tompkins, superintendent Norfolk railroads after March 1; O. H.
Dorrance, sux)erintendent Harper's Ferry railroad to April 20; D. T.
Shaw, superintendent Harper's Ferry railroad after April 20; O. H.
Dorrance, superintendent Richmond and Danville Railroad.
MIL-rrABY RAILROADS OF THE SOUTHWBST.
In obedience to War Department Special Orders, No. 562, dated
December 19, 1863, paragraph 33, I proceeded to Tennessee and
examined the condition of the railroad lines operated to supply the
armies then encamped in the vicinity of Chattanooga, and submitted
the following rejwrt:*
The following order was received on the 4th of February, 1864. f
Upon assuming the duties thus imposed I found most inadequate
means to accomplish the purposes for which the railroads had been
opened. The main army was at Chattanooga and in its vicinity, and
all its supplies for men and food for its animals were received from
Nashville, 151 miles distant^ over the Nashville and Chattanooga Rail-
road. This road was necessarily the main line of supply during the
subsequent campaigns from Chattanooga toward Atlanta, and from
»See Series X, Vol. XXXn, Part H, p. 148. \nrid,, p. 329.
982 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Enoxville toward Sonthwestem Yirginia, and at this time was in the
woist condition. The track was laid originally on an nnballasted mnd
roadbed in a very imperfect manner, with a light U-rail on wooden
stringers, which were badly decayed, and caused almost daily accidents
by spreading apart and letting the engines and cars drop between theoL
llie total length of the roads in nse was as follows:
KaahyiUe to Chattanooga 151
Naahvine(80iith)toI>ark'8Mm..-. »
Stevenflon 10 HnntsriUe flO
Ghattanooga to Gharlerton 4S
Total sn
Fpon examination it was f onnd there was on the above roads the
following rolling-stock:
Forty-seven XJ. S. Military Railroad locomotives that could be made
available, 3 locomotives borrowed from Louisville and Nashville Rail-
road; total, 50 locomotives, of which 11 were disabled and in the diop
for repairs, leaving fit for service 39.
Four hundred and thirty-seven XJ. S. Military Railroad freight-carB,
about 100 cars borrowed from Louisville and Nashville Railroad;
total, 537 oars, of which 400 hundred were in running order, the
remainder being disabled.
My attention was first directed to the most efficient organization of
the men employed. Two distinct departments were projected— tiie
'transportation department," embracii^f the operation and mainte-
nance of all the lines in use, and the ** construction corpSy" for the
reconstruction of the railroads which might fall into our hands as the
army advanced.
The following orders and instructions * were issued to the principal
officers in charge of these respective organizations:
QsNZRAL Ordebs, ) Offick Gen. Mqr. Mn.. Railboabs Unitbd Statk,
Ko. 1. ) NaahoiUe, FAruanf 10^ 1M|.
A. Andenon ia hereby appointed general saperintendent of traiupartation and
maintenance of roads in use, and W. W. Wrightchief engineer of consfenictkm, tai
the Military DiTiflion of the HiBBiasippi. They will be raapeoted aoooidingly.
D. oTMoCALLmir
CoUmd^ U, S, Army, General Manager BaUroade United States.
Approved.
U. a GBANT,
Mqior^SfeneraL
The transportation department embraced the following divisions of
sub-departments :
First. Conducting transportation or managing the movements of
trains.
Second. Maintenance of road and structures, or keeping the road-
way, bridges, buildings, and other structures in repair; building new
structures; rebuilding old ones when and where necessary.
Third. Maintenance of rolling-stock, keeping in order the loco-
motives and cars, and managing the shops where such work was done.
For conducting transportation each principal line was operated by
a superintendent of tnmsportation, who was held responsible for t^
movement of all trains and engines over it.
Subordinate to the superintendent were one or more masters of
transportation, according to distance operated, who were constantly
•SeeMcOaUnm toAndanon and McCallnm to Wright, Series I, VoL XXXll,
Part II, pp. 871, 872.
UNION AUTHORmES. 983
moving over the road to see that the employ^ attended properly to
their duties ^hile out with their trains. At principal stations where
locomotives were changed or kept in reserve an engine dispatcher
was stationed to see that the locomotives were in good order for serv-
ice ; that they were properly repaired and cleaned when at the station ;
to supervise and control the engineers and firemen, and to assign the
requisite crews to engines.
Maintenance of rocMi and structures for each line was in charge of
a superintendent of repairs, with the necessary supervisors, road-
masters, foremen, &q.
Maintenance of rolling-stock was in charge, respectively, of the
master machinist, who managed repairs of locomotives, and the master
of car repairs, under whose charge all repairs to cars were made.
The above officers were independent of each other and reported
directly to the general superintendent.
The maximum force employed at any one time in the transportation
department of the Military Division of the Mississippi was about
12,000 men. The following is the organization in detail:
General superintendent's office — General superintendent, assistant
general superintendent, chief clerk. Officers reporting to general
superintendent — Superintendent Nashville and Chattanooga, Nash-
ville and Northwestern, and Nashville and Clarksville lines; super-
intendent Nashville, Decatur, and Stevenson line; sui)erintendent
Chattanooga and Atlanta and Chattanooga and Enoxville lines;
superintendent Enoxville and Bristol line; engineer and superintend-
ent Memphis and Charleston, Mississippi Central, Mobile and Ohio,
and Memphis and Little Rock lines; agent Louisville City line, chief
master of transportation, general agent, engineers of ma^tenance
and repairs, general machinist, master carpenter, superintendent of
car rei>airs, general engine dispatcher, general train dispatcher, gen-
eral freight agent, general fuel agent, general ticket agent, general
car agent, general store-keeper, general lumber and timber inspect-
or, surgeon in charge. Officers reporting to each superintendent —
Master of transportation, train dispatchers, engine disx)atchers, super-
intendents of road repairs, superintendents repairs bridges and
buildings, station agent, freight agent, fuel agent, car agent. Offi-
cers reporting to general machinist — ^Master machinist Nashville shops,
master machinist Huntsville shops, master machinist Chattanooga
shops, master machinist Enoxville shops, master machinist Memphis
shope. Officers reporting to superintendent car repairs — ^Master car
repairs Nashville shops, master car repairs Chattanooga shops, mas-
ter car repairs Enoxville shops, foreman car repairs Johnsonville
shops, foreman car repairs Clarksville shops, foreman car repairs
Huntsville shops, foreman car repairs Stevenson shops, foreman car
repairs Atlanta shops, foreman car repairs Memphis shox>s, foreman
car repairs Little Rock shops. Officers rex>orting to general age^nt —
Station agents, conductors. Officers reporting to engineers of repairs —
Assistant or division engineer, supervisors, road masters, foremen,
sub-foremen, tie inspectors.
Allusion has already been made, in reviewing the Virginia mil-
roads, to the circumstances under which the first construction corps
originated. In the present case it was found to require a much
broader development than it had previously received at the East in
order to insure beyond contingency the prompt rebuilding in the
shortest possible time of any length of road that might pass into our
hands.
984 COKRESPONDENCE, ETC.
The Constmction Corps of the Military Division of the Mississippi
was organized in six divisions, under the general charge of the chief
engineer, and at its maximum strength numbered nearly 5,000 men.
To give the corps entire mobility, enable it to move independently,
and perform work at the same time at widely different points, each
division was made a complete whole in itself and equipped with tools,
camp equipage, and field transportation, in order that the whole or
any part of the same might be moved at once in any direction where
ordered, and by any mode of conveyance— by rail, with teams and
wagons, or on foot.
The following is the organization of one division of the Construction
Corps U. S. Military Railroads as it existed in the Military Division of
the Mississippi:
The number of divisions was increased or diminished to suit the
requirements of military movements.
Each division was under the command of a division engineer and
was divided into subdivisions or sections. Each subdi^ion was
under the immediate command of a supervisor. The two largest and
most important subdivisions in a division were the track-layers and
bridge-builders. A subdivision was composed of gangs, each under
a foreman. Gangs were subdivided into squads, each under a sub-
foreman.
A division completely organized was composed of the following-
named ofllcers and number of men : *
The commissaries had charge of drawing, caring for, and issuing
rations.
The quartermaster had charge of tools, camp equipage, Ac,
Each foreman was responsible for the tools and other Government
property issued to his gang.
Each supervisor reported the time made by the men in his sub-
division through his division engineer to the chief time-keeper, who
was stationed at the headquarters of the chief engineer.
The surgeons were appointed by the chief engineer, and were paid
out of a private fund voluntarily contributed by the men for hospital
purposes.
Sub-foremen were appointed by the foremen, subject to the approval
of the division engineer. Foremen were appointed by the division
engineer, subject to the approval of the chief engineer.
Division and assistant engineers, were appointed by the chief engi-
neer, subject to the approval of the general manager.
After completing the organization of the working forces my atten-
tion was next directed to providing an adequate supply of locomotives
and cars, with the necessary shops, tools, and materials to keep them
in working order. In my report of January 19, 1864, 1 had estimated
the rolling-stock necessary for the business anticipated on the lines
that would probably be ox)erated from Nashville at 200 locomotives
and 3,000 cars, while only 47 available locomotives and 437 cars
were on hand. From the imperative necessity of providing the addi-
tional equipment at the earliest possible time, the following order
was given by the Honorable Secretary of War to the locomotive manu-
facturers of the country:
War DEPAkTMKHT,
WaMngton CHiy, Marth tS^ 1864,
Gbntlemkn: Col. Daniel G. McCallnm, general manager of Goremment rail-
ways in the Department of the Cmnberland, of the Ohio, and of the Tenneawe.
*Here omitted; bat see same statement with Wright's report, p. 900.
DinOK ATJTHORITIE8.
985
has Deen authorized by this Department to procure locomotiveB without delay for
the railways under his charge.
In order to meet the wants of the military departments of the Gk)vemment you
will deliver to his order such engines as he may direct, whether building under
orders for otherparties or otherwise; the Gk)Yenmient being accountable to you
for the same. Tne urgent necessity of the Gknrermnent for the immediate supply
of our armies operating in Tennessee renders the engines indispensable for the
equipment of the lines of conununication, and it is hoped -that this necessity will
be recognized by you as a military necessity, x>aramount to all other considerations.
By order of the President:
BDWm M. STANTON,
Secretary of War.
It is proper and just to state that the requisitions of this order were
met by all in a spirit of zealous patriotism. The manufacturers at
once placed all their available force at work upon the engines and
cars ordered, which were completed and delivered in an unprecedented
short time.
The following table shows the rate of delivery at Nashville of engines
and cars from the manufacturers :
Month.
Febnury..
March
April
May
June
Jnly
August ...
September
Gotober ...
November.
Beoeived.
Month.
13
158
7
183
10
334
2S
244
U
182
26
182
8
267
8
281
19
185
1
132
1864.
Deoember.
Janiuury...
Febmairy .
Much
1C.:
Total..
Kecelved.
101
86
85
78
100
140 I 2,573
Notwithstanding the large additions made to the rolling-stock in
February, March, and April, it was still inadequate to supply the
wants of the service, and it was necessary to use extraordinary meas-
ures to increase it. The gauge of the Tennessee railroads being five
feet, and only the roads in Kentucky having a corresponding gauge,
they were the only source from which rolling-stock could be obtained,
and their engines and cars were temporarily impressed into the Gov-
ernment service and sent south of Nashville.
The following number of engines and cars were thus obtained, and
used through May and during parts of April and June:
lUilroede.
Englnee.
Cars.
LoaitTiUe and ITaabville
17
2
2
120
Lnaitvilleaiid Lexington.....
15
KentQoky Central , '
60
Totol
21
195
The fifteen cars belonging to Louisville and Lexington Railroad and
the sixty cars of the Kentucky Central Railroad were subsequently
purchased by the Government.
To maintain the locomotives and cars in good working order exten-
aive machine and car shops were built at Nashville and Chattanooga.
986
C0BBE8P0NDBNGE, BTG.
These shops were supplied with machinery -pta^ seized or puiohased
in the country and partly obtained from Northern manufacturers.
The shops at Nashville, particularly, were on a large scale, as at
times 100 engines and more than 1,000 cars were there at once, it
being the main terminal station of 500 miles of road running from it
east, south, and west. Extensive store-houses were also built at
Nashville and Chattanooga, and kept supplied with all necessary
materials to rebuild or repair track, bridges, buildings, engines, or
cars to any reasonable extent.
The general intention was to make these two cities the great centers
toward which all operations should converge; where supplies of all
kinds could be obtained in case the roads were cut in their rear; where
repairs of any kind or to any extent could be made, and in case com-
munication was destroyed between them, operations could be con-
ducted from either with facility in any direction.
The following tabular statement exhibits the development of these
lines during the five months from February 4 to June 30:
U. 8. MHJTARY RAILROADS, XIUTARY DIVtBlON OF THB KISSISSIPPL
Statement of lines operated from February 4, 1864, to June SO, I864,
IK USB FEBRUARY 4, 18M.
Name of line.
Fnnn-
To- 'LaaCtlL
HiahTlllii and flluitteiMora
KMhTflk......
Chattanooca
151
itfs«iiv4iijL^ T>M»tiir And fli«T«siiioii.
NiiS^:.":.";....;
Park** MiAr .r.......
m
FMhTll1«ii>*ff4<^r and SterfiOMn
Hnntavilla .....••
M
Chattanooga
Chariaaton
it
Total..
tn
IK USB JUKB W, M6i.
KaahTlUeandCh ^
KaahTlUa, Deoator and Sl(
KaahTiUe and KorthwaataRi. .
Chattanooga and KnoxvUla .. .
Chattanooga and Atlanta
davalaod and Dalton
Bome Branch
Looiarflle City
Total.
KaahTlUe
KaahTlUo
KaahTiUa
Chattanooga...
Chattanooga...
Ctoroland
Kingaton
BiTW Landing..
Chattanooga..
BjiozTiUa.
L.*K.B.B.dapol.
Ul
n
lU
m
IT
n
s
IK USE AT AKY TIME FBOK FXBBUARY 4. 1864. TO JUKB M, 1M4.
KaahTiUa and Chattanooga
ShalbjTilla Branch
McMlnnVlUaandMaoohcator
KaahTi]le,Decatiir and Stovanaon.
Mount Plcaaant Branch
Kaahrilla and Korthweatern
Chattanooga and KnoxTllle
BnncTllIaandBrlatol
Chattanooga and Atlanta
Clarabnd and Dalton
LouiarUlaClty.
Total..
KaahTllle
Waitraoo
Tullahoma. . . . . .
KaahTiUa
Golambia
KaahTUle
Chattanooga. . • .
SaioxTiUa
Chattanooga....
CloToland
Kingaton
BlTcr Landing .
SholbTTOlo
MolUimTiK
inBTiUa.
Mount Ptoaaant.,
Tannaawea Blrar..
KnoxTUIe ,
BaU'a Oi
L-^-:
L.*K.&&depoiIII!
m
m
IS
n
m
M
W
V
IT
S
Besides the lines mentioned above, the Memphis and Charleston
Railroad was opened from Memphis to Grand Junotion^ flf^-two
UNION AUTH0BITIE8. 987
miles, and the Mobile and Ohio Railroad had been nsed from Colnm-
bus to Union City, twenty-six miles. The o];>eration8 in Western
Tennessee and Kentncky and in North Mississippi were distinct and
separate from those at Nashville; and although under the control
of the general superintendent at the latter point, they required and
received very little attention as compared with the lines leading to
the front.
The Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, 151 miles, was the great
main line over which passed all the supplies for the Armies of the
Cumberland, the Ohio, and the Tennessee through the campaigns
which terminated with the occupation of Atlanta. Over this single
line of railroad the provisions, clothing, and camp equipage of Uie
men, forage for animals, arms, ammunition, and ordnance stores,
re-«nf orcements, and all the varied miscellaneous supplies required
for a great army engaged in an active campaign, were sent to the
front, and by it were returned the sick, wounded, disabled, and dis-
charged soldiers, refugees, and freedmen, captured prisoners and
materials deemed advisable to send to the rear.
Portions of the road had been in use for military purposes since
April, 1862, but I have not in my possession any data of the oper-
ations of this or any other military line of the Southwest prior to
February, 1864.
About 115 miles of track were relaid with new iron, cross-ties, and
ballast from February, 1864, to the close of the war. Sidings were
put in at intervals to be not more than eight miles apart, each capa-
ble of holding from five to eight long freight trains, and telegraph
stations were established at most of them. In all, nineteen miles of
new sidings were added to this road and forty-five new water-tanks
erected.
During the spring and summer of 1864 a few occasional guerrilla
raids were made upon it, but they caused little damage to property
or detention to transportation. About September 1, 1864, the rebel
General Wheeler destroyed seven miles of the road between Nash-
ville and Murfreesborough. In December General Hood destroyed
seven miles and three-quarters of track and 530 feet of bridges between
the same stations. In both cases the road was promptly repaired and
trains were tuniiing in a few days.
The road was turned over to the company September 15, 1865.
The next railroad in importance for military purposes was the
Western and Atlantic, from Chattanooga to Athtnta, 136 miles. It
was o];>ened to Ringgold, Ga., twenty-one miles from Chattanooga,
in March, 1864. Early in May the work of reconstruction was com-
menced south from Ringgold, and kept pace with the movements of
Sherman's army. The line was opened through to Atlanta in
August, 1864, immediately after the evacuation of the town by the
rebel army. In the reconstruction of this road 22^ miles of track
and 4,081 linear feet of bridges were rebuilt.
The most imi>ortant single structure was Chattahoochee bridge, 780
feet long and 92 feet high, which was completed by the Construction
Corps in four and one-half days. While occupied as a military road
this was more infested by guerrillas than any other during the war.
Every device possible to apply was used to throw trains from the
track; and though occasionally successful, the preparations to guard
against such attempts were so complete that few of them caused loss
of life or more than a few hours' detention.
988 COBBESPONDSVGBy BTC
Early in October, 1864, General Hood passed around General Sher-
man's army and fell upon the railroad at several points in its rear.
He destroyed 35^ miles of track and 455 linear feet of bridges; bnt in
thirteen days after he left the line it was repaired and trains were
ran over its entire length. Twenty-five miles of the track and 290 feet
of bridges in one stretch between Tnnnel Hill and Resaca were reoon-
stracted in seven and a half days. This was accomplished by work-
ing from each end of the break, and at the same time working both
ways from Dalton, which was reached by trains with material by way
of Cleveland after relaying one mile and a half of track.
When General Sherman commenced his march to Savannah in
November the road between Atlanta and Dalton, 100 miles, was aban-
doned. The track from Atlanta to Etowah River, forty-six miles, was
torn np and destroyed, and from Resaca to Dalton, sixteen miles, the
rails were taken np and carried to Chattanooga.
By order of Major-General Thomas the road from Dalton to Atlanta
was reconstructed, and between May 10 and July 4, 1865, 66 miles of
track were laid, 36 miles repaired, and 3,553 linear feet of bridges
rebuilt.
On the 25th day of September, 1865, it was turned over to the State
of Geoisia, to which it originally belonged.
The East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad, from Chattanooga to
Enoxville, 112 miles, was o];>ened through in May, 1864, upon comple-
tion of Tennessee River bridge at Loudon. It had been u^d for tkree
months previous by transshipping stores and passengers across tiie
river in flat-boats. It was operated with great regularity during the
entire military occupation of that region, except in August and Sep-
tember, 1864, when General Wheeler tore up twenty-five milesof track.
It was speedily repaired and not molested afterward.
The Dalton branch, from Cleveland to Dalton, twenty-seven miles,
was operated in connection with the main line, and was of great serv-
ice on several occasions.
On the 28th day of August, 1865, the road and branch was restored
to the company.
The East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad, from Knoxville to Bris-
tol, was used and abandoned for short distances near Enoxville during
1864. The farthest point reached during the year was Bull's Gap,
fifty-six miles from Knoxville.
By order of Major^General Thomas repairs were commenced near
Knoxville March 4, 1865, and the road opened to Garter's Station, 110
miles, April 23. Between those dates 12 miles of track were rebuilt, 94
miles repaired, and 4,400 linear feet of bridges constructed. It was
turned over to the company August 28^ 1865.
NashviUe^ Decatur and Stevenson hne^ 200 mUea. — This is formed
of the Nashville and Decatur Railroad, 120 miles from Nashville
south, to Decatur, on Tennessee River, together with the eastern
portion of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad, from Decatur to
Stevenson, eighty miles. Stevenson is at the junction of the latter
railroad and the Nashville and Chattanooga, being 113 miles distant
from Nashville. Although the distance via Decatur is eighty-seven
miles greater than by the direct road, such was the pressure for trans-
portation it was necessary to send return trains by that route from
the front until the capacity of the Nashville and Chattanooga line was
sufBciently increased to accommodate the business. In June, 1864, all
through trains were transferred to the main line.
UNION AUTHORITIES 989
The Nashville, Deoatnr and Stevenson road was used for local pur-
poses dnring the summer of 1864. About the 1st of September Gen-
eral Wheeler tore up several miles of the track between Nashville and
Columbia, and late in September General Forrest destroyed several
bridges and tore up a portion of the track between Athens and Pulaski.
The whole length of track destroyed in the two raids was twenty-nine
miles and a half. That between Nashville and Columbia was at once
repaired, but between Pulaski and Athens it was not rebuilt until
February, 1865. During Hood's Nashville campaign in November and
December, 1864, all the bridges then standing between Nashville and
Decatur were destroyed, with six miles of track. The work of recon-
struction was commenced December 19, three days after the battle of
Nashville, and completed to Pulaski February 10, 1865. In addition
to relaying the track, 7,055 linear feet of bridges were built, consuming
1,045,675 feet timber, B. M.
Near the close of February and again in March most of these
bridges were swept away by extraordinary floods, and were rebuilt,
some of them twice and many of them three times, and they were
finally jttsplaced by permanent truss bridges.
The road from Stevenson to Decatur was restored to the company
September 12, and between Nashville and Decatur September 15,
1865.
Nashville and Norfhweatem^ seventy-eight miles. — ^At the beginning
of the war this load had been completed to Kingston Springs, twenty-
five miles from Nashville, and some work had been done ux)on it
thence to Tennessee River.
It remained in tMs condition until after the following order was
issued.*
On the 17th day of February, 1864, the supervision of the work of
construction was placed in my charge by order of Major-General
Grant. (Special Orders, No. 43, headquarters Military Division of the
Mississippi, 1864.)
The road was connected through between Nashville and Tennessee
River on the 10th day of May, 1865. On the 9th of August it was
turned over to this, department to be ox>erated as a military line by
an order of Major-General Sherman, issued by the authority of the
President of the United States. At the terminus on Tennessee River,
named Johnsonville, extensive arrangements were made to receive
and transfer freight from steam-boat to cars. Ample buildings and
platforms were erected and powerful hoisting machinery introduced.
During the months of August, September, and October, the season of
low water in the Cumberland River, large quantities of supplies for
the army were received and shipped over this road. It was very
much exposed to attacks from guerrillas, who at times inflicted con-
siderable damage and interfere with its operation. On the 4th of
November General Forrest planted batteries on the west bank of
Tennessee River and succeeded in destroying all the valuable build-
ings at Johnsonville, with their contents.
On the dOth of November the road was entirely abandoned and the
movable property on it taken to Nashville. During General Hood's
occupation of the country, from December 1 to 16, all the bridges
were destroyed. Repairs were commenced January 2 and the road
was completed through by February 13; 2,200 linear feet of bridges
being rebuilt. In February, March, and April most of these bridges
*See Special Order, War Department, October 22, 1868, Vol. Ill, this series,
p. 010.
990 00BBSSF09DBVCE, ETC.
were swept away l^ floods and re1rai]t--«oiiie of them thieet^^ In
May and June, 1865, all were leplaoed by permanent tmsB bridgeB.
On the Ifit of September, 1865, the road was tamed over to the rail-
road company.
Nashvule and ClarksvUle^ sixty4wo miles. — ^Thia line was formed
of the Edgefield and Kentncl^ Railroad, forty-seven miles from
Nashville, and fifteen miles of the Memphis, Clarksville, and Loois-
ville Railroad. It was repaired and opened in Angost, 1864, by order
of Major-General Sherman, in order to have another railroad oma-
monication with water navigable in summer to aid in supplying the
Nashville depot.
Important bridges were destroyed by floods at various times and
rebuilt until in April, 1865, when its use as a military road was ahan-
doned, exoept on the twenty-eight miles nearest Nashville. It wss
turned over to the company September 23, 1865.
After the war was closed the railroads leading south from Nashville
were kept in active operation for some months transporting paroled
prisoners to their homes and rotuming those who had been confined
in camps north of the Ohio River, together with the movement of the
Union troops to be mustered out or take up new positions in Tennes-
see and Georgia.
BAILBOADS IN WESTERN TENNESSEE AND KENTUCKY.
In 1862 several lines and many miles of railroad were operated for
military purposes from Memphis, Tenn., and Columbus, Ky., but no
reports or statements of their business have been in my handis.
No part of the road was in operation from Memphis when I took
charge, but during the years 1864 and 1865 the western portion of the
Memphis and Charleston Railroad and a part of the Mississippi Cen-
tral wero operated as follows:
How opented.
Lnglk.
Mar. 28
June 11
39
18
S
u
8mt. 8
Odi. 18
Dm. 20
Jm. 1
Vh. 28
Mat. 4
24
Apr. 2
Hj^ 18
14
20
Jtt&e 80
Sept 12
Opai6d to QOIBMIltOWIl..* ■••••.«•>..■. •«■.■••••••••
Abandoned back to within five miles of Memphle .
Opened to White'* Station
Opened to Grand Junotion
Opened to HoUy Sprinn
Opened to TallahalohleBlTer
Aoandoned to Grand Junction
Beopened to Tallahatchie River
Abandoned to Grand Jnaotlon
Abandoned to White's Station
Abandoned entirely
Opened to ColUerrme
MQm.
U
10
SI
TS
l«
S8
100
81
U
Abandoned entirely
Opened to Germantown
Aoandoned entirely
Opened to Gollienrille
Opened to La Fkyette
Opened to Moeeow ,
Opened to La Grange
Opened to Grand Junction . . .
Opened to Pocahontas
Irimed over to the company.
a
Eaoh time it was abandoned it was badly damaged by the enemy—
bridges, trestles, and cattle guards were burned and miles of track
torn up.
At Columbus, Ky., I found the Mobile and Ohio Railroad apea to
Union City, twenty-six miles. It was abandoned about tiie 1st of
UNION AUTHOBITIE8.
991
May, 1864, at the time of Forrest's raid upon Union City, and not
afterward used, except in the immediate vicinity of Columbus, until
May, 1865. It was reopened to Union City May 15, and to Crockett,
thirty-five miles, May 31, and restored to the company August 25,
1865.
ABKANSAS.
The Memphis and Little Rock Railroad between Devall's Bluff and
Little Rock, forty-nine miles, was the only line operated in this State.
It did not come under my control until May 1, 1865. It was then in
very bad condition, in consequence of the nature of the soil and
neglect or want of skill in keeping up the necessary rex)airs.
It was operated as a military line until November 1, 1865, when it
was restored to the company.
Statement of railroads operated in Tennessee^ Georgia, Misnseippi, Kentucky , and
Arkanaas.
Ope»t6d within the foUowing
perloda.
•
e
fl
^ 8
o e
♦*
m
9
s
I
Kamtt of line.
1864.
1865.
s
1
1
i
s
5
^
1
i
1
1
NMhTfOeand OhMtanooga
Milet.
151
JfilM.
151
200
MUm.
161
200
9
MIUb.
151
200
78
62
151
200
78
28
JCOm.
151
200
78
62
9
85
12
112
27
110
12
186
{I
85
49
2
1866.
"•ft."
HashTille, Deentiir and ^venaon
KaahTllle and North weatern
Sept. 1
Sept 28
Sept 15
Kaahrille and ClarksTiUe
ShelbTTUto Branch
9
0
85
12
112
27
56
If oont PlfMnant Branch
Do
42
17
'** iii
27
no
12
136
17
112
27
110
12
136
17
^'
CTIftTftland and Dalton
Kaozrill* and Briato) ,
Do.
ChatUnfHMca and Atlanta . .^
m
17
186
17
11
52
68
Sept. 25
Borne Branch
Atlanta and Maoim
Mmnphiii and ChartM»t«n ........
52
75
75
^"
MlttlMippi Cantral
Mobilfl uul Ohio '.
26
26
85
49
2
85
49
2
Aug. 25
Not. 1
Hemphiaand Little Hook
Loninyllle CitT. . .. .
S
2
2
Total
829
806
942
1.066
1,082
1,201
U. S. MILITARY RAILROADS, DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, EMBRACING
THE ROADS IN TEimESSEE, GEORGIA, KENTUCKY, ALABAMA, MISSIS-
SIPPI, AND ARKANSAS.
In the following tabular statements are given—
1. The greatest number of persons employed in any month of the
year, average monthly number, and amount paid for services.
2. The number of locomotive engines, how procured, number added
each year, and final disposition made of them.
3. The number of cars, Ac.
4. The length of track and bridges built or rebuilt.
992
C0BBE8P0NDENCE, ETC.
1. lihanbeT of permm» emj^lUiyed andi
'•"SSSg*^
Tav.
If
IBM
17,086
11. SM
10.001
08, 91«, 00.45
1805
0,511. SOL 15
Tot^I
17.035
10.787
12,8M)L34S.0i
2. lAKomotiot engine* prcfvided and final diapoBlUon made of them.
7«v.
1002..
1808..
lOOi..
1806..
1800..
ToUl.
lirooimd*
18
80
164
9
IM
00
58
84
171
%
TocomottviM disposed of.
i
I
SoU-
1^1
i iP^
101
161
8
884
84
8. Care provided and final disposition made of them.
UKIOM AUTHOBITIEa 998
4. The length of bridgee and traeka buUt and rebuUU
The length of bridges built and lebnilt was 97,544 linear feet, or
18| miles. The lenf^ of main track laid was 391.12 miles. The
length of sidings laid was 42.32 miles, making a total of 433.44 miles.
The following list embraces the names of the general officers:
1S64. — ^A. Anderson, general superintendent to November 1; £. L.
Wentz, general BQi>erintendent after November 1; W. J. Stevens,
superintendent railroads running from Nashville; CoL L. P. Wright,
superintendent railroads from Chattanooga to July 1; W. C. Taylor,
superintendent railroads from Chattanooga after July 1; A. F. Gtood-
hue, engineer and superintendent railroads at Memphis, Tenn., and
Columbus, Ky. ; W. W. Wright, chief engineer of Construction Corps;
L. H. Eicholtz, division engineer of First Division; £. C. Smeed, divis-
ion engineer of Second Division; John F. Burgin, division engineer
of Fourth Division; W. R. Eingsley, division engineer of Fifth Divis-
ion; CoL John Clark, in charge of construction on the Nashville and
NorthwestemRailroad ; William McDonald,assistantengineer ; Charles
Latimer, assistant engineer; John Trenbath, auditor; Col. John C.
Crane, assistant quartermaster, disbursing officer; Capt. George S.
Roper, commissary of subsistence.
1866. — W. J. Stevens, general superintendent; R. B. McPherson,
assistant general su];>erintendent; J. B. Van Dyne, chief master of
transportation; A. W. Dickinson, superintendent Nashville railroads
to July 25; GeoigeH. Hudson, superintendent Nashville railroads after
July 25; W. R. Gifford, 8Ui>erintendent Nashville, Decatur and Ste-
venson Railroad; A. A. Talmadge, suxMrintendent Chattanooga rail-
roads; A. J. Cheeney, superintendent Enoxville and Bristol Biailroad
to September 1, superintendent of Chattanooga and Atlanta Railroad
after September 1; A. Hebard, engineer of repairs Nashville rail-
roads; A. F. Goodhue, engineer and superintendent of railroads West
Tennessee, Kentucky, and Arkansas; Col. L. P. Wright, superin-
tendent Memphis railroads; W. W. Wright, chief engineer of Con-
struction CorjMB; L. H. Eicholtz, division engineer and acting chief
engineer during the absence of the chief engineer in North Carolina;
John F. Burgin, division engineer; W. R. Eingsley, division engin^r
on the Nashville and Northwestern Railroad; Charles Latimer,
division engineer; John Trenbath, auditor; Capt. F. J. Crilly, chief
quartermaster and disbursing officer; Capt. George S. Roper, com-
missary of subsistence; T. W. Tardley, superintendent of zoUing-
mill.
MISSOXTBL
In October, 1864, orders were received to have the bridges rebuilt
on the Pacific Railroad of Missouri and its southwestern branch,
which had lately been destroyed by the rebels. This work required
the construction of 1,680 linear feet of truss bridges and was com-
pleted early in April, 1865, at an expense of $170,564.65, including the
cost of replacing trestles carried away by floods and otiier incidental
expenses.
NOBTH CASOLINA AND ATLANTIC COAST.
Under orders received from Major-General McClellan 4 locomotives
and 100 freight cars were sent to Major-General Burnside at New
Berne, N. C, in the months of June and July, 1862. On the x>assage
two locomotives were lost with the vessel off Cape Hatteras and two
others were afterward sent to replace them. One engine proving
unserviceable was subsequently returned to Alexandria, Ya., leaving
63 B B— SEBIES m, VOL V
994
CORREBPONDENCE, ETC.
3 locomotives and 100 cars for service. The road was worked under
orders and by officers apx)ointed by the general commanding the
department and did not come under my jurisdiction. I am therefore
unable to give any account of its operation.
When it was ascertained to what x)oint of the coast Greneral Sher-
man was directing his march from Atlanta preparation was at once
made to furnish him with railroad facilities. A portion of the Con-
struction Corps from the Division of the Mississippi that had rebuilt
the railroads during the Atlanta campaign were ordered in December,
1864, to proceed to Baltimore by railroad from Nashville and embark
for Savannah. Upon reaching Hilton Head information was received
that General Sherman would not use the railroads near Savannidi,
and orders were given to proceed to New Berne, N. C, and open the
railroad to GU>ldsborough.
Eleven miles of the Savannah and Gulf Railroad were opened and
operated with rolling-stock captured at Savannah for local mili-
tary purposes and to supply the citizens of the town with fueL The
tracks and buildings of the G^rgia Central Railroad within the citf
limits also were used. Five serviceable and 9 unserviceable loco-
motives and 213 cars, about one-half of them damaged and unfit for
service, were captured at Savanilah. On the 20th day of June, 1865,
all the railroad property was restored to the original owners by order
of the department commander.
A detachment of the Virginia Construction Corps was sent to North
Carolina by order of General Grant, and landed at New Berne Jan-
uary 30, 1865. The railroad at that time was in charge of the depot
quartermaster at New Berne, and was in operation between Morehead
City and Batchelder's Creek, forty-four miles. This construction
force at once commenced rebuilding the bridge over that stream. On
the 6th day of February the detachment sent from the Military Divis-
ion of the Mississippi landed at Morehead City and relieved the force
from Virginia, which returned back to City Point.
fThe railroad was repaired as fast as the army advanced, and was
opened to Goldsborough, ninety-five miles, March 25, the day follow-
ing the arrival of General Sherman and his army from Savannah.
To provide another line of supplies the railroad from Wilmington
to Gk)ldsborough, eighty-five miles, was repaired and opened through
April 4,
On the 10th of April movements were resumed toward the interior^
and the railroad was opened April 19 to Raleigh, forty-eight miles
from Goldsborough. It was opened soon after to Hillsborough and
used until the parole of General Johnston's army was completed,
when it was given up west of Raleigh.
The total length of railroads opened and used in this department
was as follows:
Terminal stations.
i
h3
KameofUue.
From-
Tto-
Atlaatio and North Carolina
w^llminffton and W^ldnn ....-- r
Morehead City
Wilminffion
Goldsboroogh
. ...do ...
MUM.
96
88
25
Oct. S
AQf. V
OdL B
North darolina
Goldsboroagh
Ealei£h....T
HillahoTonffh
Baleigh and Oaaton
Cedar CieeK.
lUy s
Total
m
UNION AUTH0BITIB8.
995
On these roads, 25 miles 2,172 feet of main track were rebuilt, and
5 miles 1,460 feet side-track were laid, or 30 miles 4,632 feet of track
in alL On the same roads 3,263 linear feet of bridges were built,
consuming 825,750 feet timber, B. M. At Morehead City a wharf was
built by the Construction Corps covering an area of 53,682 square feet,
and consuming 700,000 feet timber, B. M.
In the following tabular statements are embraced the principal
items of information in regard to these lines:
1. Number of persons employed.
The greatest number persons employed monthly in the year 1865
was 3,387.
2. Locomotive engines provided and final disposition made of them.
Year.
LooomotlTM pro-
cured.
LooomotiTM dispoaed of.
Sold-
111
IMS..
U88.
1M5..
UM..
Total.
10
ai
12
21
21
S8
8
8. Cars provided and final disposition made of them.
Candispoaedof.
1
i
t
8
1
1
Sold-
3
Yfmt.
i
11
^
1M2
100
3
108
20
88
90
1888
38
1864
1888
lao
UO
819
1
'"n
101
188
888
1888
79
Total
288
183
422
60
79
101
188
422
996
CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
The following officers were directly in charge of operating the mili-
tary railroads in North Carolina: W. W. Wright, chief engineer and
general superintendent to July 1; Col. J. F. Boyd, general saperm-
tendent after July 1; J. B. Van D3me, superintendent; £. C. Snboed,
engineer of repairs.
RAILS AND ROUJNG-HILI^.
The greatest necessity, next to that of rolling-stock, was a supply of
rails. These were obtained by purchase, manufacture, and by taking
up lines unnecessary for military purposes.
The following roads were thus taken up entire for the distances
specified:
BailitMid.
VlWB-
Tih^
L«ifth.
In Virginia,
BoaboMdaiid Souioke
Sollbik
HlftokirKliir
Jfilw.
U
U
15
It
41
M
U
JM.
do
a*. ..do ..•«.*■.■•••....
••.....
MinMiM Qsp ^1.^. >■•«••.•■. ..<x.>..
MftnMMA ,..
Ptodmont
niyetlSTUIe
........
White Honae
•.....••
In MOUaryDioiHani^fthMMiaHuippL
WinchMter and Favettoville
Mi>MinnYll1i^ and MiiimbMdw
DeohMd
K«vM«ieh«iter
Of>lnniM»
X9m
X7ti
^«Wfin«mf' .......
Mount PlMMant Branch
MonntPleMMt
110
During the war the quantity of rails purchased and manufactured
was as follows:
Yew.
QneBtttjofnl]»~
PimbiMed.
nttbeClane.
5ar-»*
1M2
Ibnc Potmds.
fi.006 1,7»
fi.OM 1,790
8,105 1,446
1,600 1,86s
Am. JPbMdn
1B88
1864
......
1806 - -
8.818 1,114
Total
81,788 8n
8.818 1.U4
The price x>aid for purchased rails yaried from $40 per ton, the lowest
price, i>aid in Jxdy, 1862, to $130 per ton, the highest price, paid in
June, 1864.
Boon after taking charge of the railroads in the Military Division
of the Mississippi the following communication was addressed to the
commanding general:
OFFIOS QBKEBAI. MaNAGKB MniTABT BAHJtOAOS XJnitkd Statb,
NaahviOe, Tmn., F6bruarif 17, I864,
Maj. Oen. U. S. Graivt,
Commanding Military Division of the Mtssiarippif NaahvOle, Tain.:
Qkmebal: When the track of theKashville and Chattanooga Raflroad is relaid
we will have on hand 802 miles of old rails, weighing 11^64 gross tons. At preo*
ent rates, new rails delivered at Chattanooga win cost tl45 pw ton.
There is at Chattanooga a rolling-mill, partially hi:|^t hy the reheU, wfaicfa if
completed— say at a cost of $80,000— these old raus can he reroUed ataooetof
ahont |50 per ton, coal heing contiguous andabnndant. This would not only bo
mnoN Ai7TH0BmE& 997
a large BaTinff to the OovenmiAQt, bat, what in my oiyii4on is of gre^^
the rails wocud be on hand ready for nae when and where required. The following
represents the case :
11,864 tons of new rails deliyered at Chattanooga, at $146 per ton $1,710,250
11,864 tons of old rails rerolled, at a oost of |60 per ton |S08,9OO
Cost of mill (estimated) 80,000
688,200
In favor of rolling-mill 1,096,050
By advices recently received, the stock of railroad iron in the market is small
and the demand larve. In fact, should an emergency arise requiring a large
amount of iron it is doubtful whether it could be Bad at any price. I therefore
reepectfullv ask, unless military reasons forbid, your permission to complete the
rolmig-mill at Chattanooga.
I have the honor to oe, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
D. C. McCALLUM,
Cokmd, U, 3, Army, Qeneral Manoffer MUitary BaUroadi United States.
The following order was the response to this letter:
Sfbcial Orders, ) Hdqrs. Hiutart Dtvibion of the Mihbihsippi,
No. 48. ( NashviOe, Tenn., February 17, 1864.
Col. D. C. McCallum, general manager of military railroads within this military
division, is hereby directed to proceed at once to complete and set at work the
rolling-mill at Chattanooga, Tenn.
By order of Major-Qeneral Qrant :
T. S. BOWEBS,
Anaigtant Acyutant-Oeneral.
Upon a more extended and thorough examination it was found that
many important parts of the machinery provided by the rebels for
the rolling-mill were not at hand. They were, in fact, still within
their lines, and no probability existed of obtaining them uninjured
within any reasonable time, if at all; therefore it was decided to build
entirely new machinery throughout, and to make it of the most im-
proved pattern used in rolling-mills of the North.
The mill building, partially completed by the rebels, was declared
by the military authorities too far from the fortifications at Chatta-
nooga to be 81^6, and after careful investigation of the question the
building was abandoned and a new one erected in a secure location.
To reach the site selected and properly accommodate the mill required
building one mile and two-thirds of railroad. Thus, instead of com-
pleting a partially built work an entirely new and very superior
rolling-mill in point of machinery was the result.
The total cost of the mill complete and ready for work was as
follows:
BoHing-mill building $186,857.81
Machinery, including transportation 180,000.00
Quarters for workmen, officers, and other buildings 21,212.00
Railroad to mill, materials, and labor 28,259.70
Total 290,829.51
The mill, with its outbuildings and railroads, was built by the
Construction Corps. Most of the timber used was got out by them,
and nearly all the work was done at times when there was a lull in
active operations in the field. As this force was necessarily kept on
hand for emergencies, and their legitimate place was at the front, the
work done by them in building the mill may be regarded as almost
clear gain to the Government. More than $100,000 of the above sum
was paid for labor thus expended.
998 00BBE8P0MDE9CE, BTO.
Owing to the great pressnie tii)on the mantifaetareTS of manhiwery,
the scarcity of hibor, difficulty of obtaining proi>er materials, and of
procuring transportation to Nashville on tiie over-crowded railroad
lines of the North, the mill did not go into operation until April
1, 1866.
It was employed in manufacturing rails for the United States until
October 5, 1865, when it was sold to the highest bidder, after two
months' advertisement, for $175,000. It was m operation six months
and five days, and in that time manufactured 3,818 tons and 1,184
pounds of new rails at a cost of —
For coal (145,897 bnahelfl) |M,474.25
For labor 9e,778.»
Total 185,9B0.M
Average cost pw ton, |S5.4S.
These were disposed of as follows:
Tta*. Pn—fc
To reiMir traoks 4SS S,066
Soldto8outhern.rall«)ad« 8,851 1,858
Total 8,818 1,184
The quantity sold realized in cash the sum of $269,128.58.
BOLUNG-STOCK.
In the ixreceding statements an account is given of the quantity of
rolling-stock provided for each department and the final disiKisition
made of it. Those statements embrace only the number in active
service in each case. In the fall and winter of 1864 an additional
supply was provided in view of probable wants for the spring cam-
paign of 1865, but the close of the war rendered it unnecessary, and
it was subsequently sold at the points where manufactured, or where
it had been stored to await events. Thirty-five locomotives and 492
cars, of five-feet gauge, were built for the Military Division of the
Mississippi and North Carolina; fifty cars, of four feet eight and a
half inch gauge also were provided for Virginia and North Carolina.
Ten platform cars, of four feet eight and a half inch gauge, had been
purchased at an early day and used on the railroads of the Western
States, to transport cars of the five-feet ffftuge from the manufac-
turers' works to Jeffersonville, opposite Louisville. Locomotives,
five-feet range, provided but not used, 35. Cars — ^five-feet gauge, for
Military Division of the Mississippi and North Carolina, 519; four
feet eight and a half inch gauge, for Virginia and North Carolinai 50;
four feet eight and a half inch gauge, for car transportation, 10;
total, 579.
Of these engines and cars one of the ten cars was destroyed in
service and all the rest were sold for cash.
tKlOU AOTHOttlTIfiS.
999
The following tabular statements exhibit the entire rolling-stock
of the military railroads during the war:
LooomotiveB.
Howobtelaed.
Howdtopoaadof.
1
i
112
64
171
82
1
flold^
1
1
YMrdaUverad.
1
1
• 00
Is*
1^
^
IMS
7t
40
154
47
40
14
17
85
4
......
1
4
iiss
8
0
96
8
1804
u
IMS
104
101
9
860
1M0
3. |....:.:.
41
TotaJ
818
106
418
6
146 1 104
108
418
Can,
HowobtaiB0d.
HowdiapoMdof.
1
4i
!
^
1
1
Sold-
FiMalyesr.
i
P
i
i
1
1809
608
704
1,148
8,655
16
618
704
1,834
8,073
478
63
217
266
82
478
1808 . , T
10
120
08
1804
80
25
**883'
765
848
180&
213
287
478
18M
2.588
2,080
4,888
Total
5,111
55
400
755
6.380
1.045
510
2,580
a. 186
6,880
The cars sold in the years 1863 and 1864 were damaged, disabled,
and unfit for service.
In the above tables the rolling-stock borrowed and impressed into
service from Northern railroads is not included.
In the general office of Military Railroads in Washington have been
the following officers: W. H. Whiton, in charge April 1, 1862, to
July 1, 1865; H. K. Cooper, in charge after July 1, 1865; J. A. Law-
rence, accountant, to October 10, 1863; £. J. Kellogg, accountant,
after October 10, 1863. Capt. (now Brevet Brigadier-General) H. L.
Robinson, assistant quartermaster, has acted as disbursing and pur-
•chasing officer for the railroads in the £ast during the entire war.
GENERAL REMARKS.
liVith few exceptions the operations of military railroads have been
conducted under orders issued by the Secretary of War or by army
•commanders in or out of the field.
1000 GOBBBSPONDENCB, BTO.
It was made the duty of the director and general manager to
arrange the military railroad organization upon a basis sufficiently
comprehensive to permit the extension of the system indefinitely to
perfect the modus operandi for working the various lines; to deter-
mine as to the number of men to be employed in the several depart-
ments, and the compensation to be paid therefor; the amount and
kind of machinery to be purchased, and the direction as to the dis-
tribution of the same.
The following important order of the Secretary of War, the wisdom
of which has been so abundantly vindicated by experience, is here
inserted as defining in part the position of the military railroad
organization, which seems not to have been clearly understood by
many in and out of the service:
Special Ordbbs, ) Wab Dbpartmknt, AixruTANT-GiENxitALiB Offick,
Ko. 887. ) WaOUngton, November JO, ISSt.
• ••••• •
16. Commanding officers of troops aloiur the U. S. military railroads wiU giTe
all facilities to the officers of the roads ana the qnartermasters for unloading cars
so as to prevent any delay. On arrival at depots, whether in the day or night,
the cars wUl be instantly unloaded, and working parties wiU always be in
readiness for that dnty and sofOcient to unload the whole train at once.
ComTnanding officers will be charged with guarding the track, sidings, wood,
water-tanks, £c., within their seyenu commands, and will be held responsible
for the result.
Any military ofiBcer who shall neglect his duty in this respect will be reported
by the quartermasters and officers of the railroad and his name wiU be stricken
from the rolls of the Army.
Depots will be established at suitable points under the direction of the com*
manaing general and properly guarded.
No officer, whatever may be nis rank, will interfere with the running of the
cars as directed by the superintendent of the road.
Any one who so interferes will be dismissed from the service for disobedience
of orders.
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSBND,
Assistant A^ljuJUmt-OeneraL
The above order was given in consequence of several attempts
having been made to operate railroads by army or department com-
manders, which had, without an exception, proved signal failures,
disorganizing in tendency and destructive of all discipline. The
great benefit resulting from this order was more especially exhibited
during General Sherman's campaign from Chattanooga to Atlanta,
and in this my final report I desire to put on record, for the benefit
of those who may be called upon to conduct military railroad opera-
tions in the future, the following:
Having had a somewhat extensive railroad experience both before
and since the rebellion, I consider this order of the Secretary of War
to have been the very foundation of success. Without it the whole
railroad system, which has proved an important element in conduct-
ing military movements, would have been not only a costly but ludi-
crous failure. The fact should be understood that the management
of railroads is just as much a distinct profession as is that of the art
of war, and should be so regarded.
The dif&culty of procuring a sufficient force of competent railroad
men, both in the construction and transportation departments, was
almost insurmountable. Owing to the peculiar nature of the service
and the rapid expansion of the railroad system, the supply of rail-
road operatives in the country has always been limited. Many had
entered the Army in various positions, thus diminishing the actual
UNION AUTHORITIES. 1001
number in oivil life, while the stimnlns imparted by the war to the
bnsineBs of Northern railroads had greatly enhanced the value of the
services of those who remained at their posts, thus rendering the
home demand for skillful labor far in advance of the supply. When
the large number of men necessary to equip these military lines were
sought for it was extremely dif&cult to induce those who were really
valuable to leave secure positions and enter upon a new and untried
field of action.
The difference between civil and military railroad service is marked
and decided. Not only were the men continually exx>osed to great
danger from the regular forces of the enemy, guerrillas, scouting
parties, Ac, but owing to the circumstances under which military
railroads must be constructea and operated, what are considered the
ordinary risks upon civil railroads are vastly increased on military
lines.
The hardships, exi)osure, and i>erils to which train men especially
were subjected during the movements incident to an active campaign
were much greater than that endured by any other class of civil
employ^ of the Government— equaled only by that of the soldier
while engaged in a raid into the enemy's country. It was by no
means unusual for men to be out with their trains from five to ten
days without sleep, except what could be snatched upon their engines
and cars whUe the same were standing to be loaded or unloaded, with
but scanty food, or perhaps no food at all, for days together, while
continually occupied in a manner to keep every faculty strained to
its utmost. Many incidents during the war, but more especially dur-
ing the Atlanta campaign, exhibited a fortitude, endurance, and self-
devotion on the part of ^ese men not exceeded in any branch of the
service. All were thoroughly imbued with the fact that upon the
success of railroad operations in forwarding supplies to the front
depended in great part the success of our armies; that, although
defeat might be the result even if supplies were abundantly fur-
nished, it was evident there could be no advance without; and I
hazard nothing in saying that should failure have taken place, either
in keeping the lines in repair or in operating them, General Sherman's
campaign, instead of proving, as it did, a great success, would have
resulted in disaster and defeat; and the greater the army to supply
the more precarious its position. Since the end of the rebellion I
have been informed by railroad ofiKcers who were in the service of
the enemy during the war that they were less surprised at the suc-
cess of General Sherman in a military point of view than they were
at the rapiditv with which railroad breaks were repaired and the
regularity with which trains were moved to the front; and it was
only when the method of operating was fully explained that it could
be comprehended.
In the beginning of the war military railroads were an experiment,
and although some light as to their management had been gleaned by
the operations of 1862 and 1863, yet so little progress had been made
that the attempt to supply the army of General Sherman in the field,
construct and reconstruct the railroad in its rear, and keep pace with
its march was regarded by those who had the largest experience, and
who had become most familiar with the subject, as the greatest exper-
iment of all. The attempt to furnish an army of 100,000 men and
60,000 animals with supplies from a base 360 miles distant by one
line of single-track railroad, located almost the entire distance
through the country of an active and most vindictive enemy, is with-
out precedent in the history of warfare, and to make it successful
1002 CORlt£SlH)KDEKCE| ETC.
required an enormons ontlay for labor and a vast consumption of
material, together with all the forethought, energy, i>atienoe, and
watchfulness of which men are capable.
This line, from the fact of its great length, was imi>erf ectly guarded,
as trooi)S could not be spared from the front for that purpose. This
rendered the railroad service one of great risk and hazard, and at
times it was only by the force of military authority that men oould
be held to service. As an item showing the real danger attending
military railroad operations, it may be stated that during the last six
months of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, the wrecking train
picked up and carried to Nashville 16 wrecked locomotives and 294
car-loads of car wheels, bridge iron, Ac. These wrecks were canaed
by guerrillas and rebel raids.
The Chattanooga and Atlanta (or Western and Atlantic) Railroad
extends from Chattanooga to Atlanta, 138 miles, with a branch from
Kingston to Rome seventeen miles long.
The reconstruction and maintenance of this line was in many
respects the most difficult of any military railroad operations during
the war. By it the Confederate army under General Johnston made
its retreat from Buzzard Roost to Atlanta; and in falling back from
one strong x>osition to another it did such damage to the road as was
supposed would delay or prevent Sherman's pursuit, but in this it
was unsuccessful. However great the damage done, it was so speedity
repaired that General Sherman soon ceased to fear any delay from
this cause, and made his advance movements with i>erfect confidence
that the railroad ii> his rear would be ''all right."
Being from the nature of the case entirely ignorant of the obstacles
to be encountered at each advance, the construction force was at all
times prepared for any emergency— either to build bridges of formi-
dable dimensions, or lay miles of track, or perhai)S push back to some
point on the line and repair damages done by guerrillas or raiding
parties. These attacks on the line to the rear were of such frequent
occurrence, and often of so serious a character, that to insure speedy
repairs it became necessary to station detachments of the Constmo-
tion Corps at various points along the road, and also to collect sup-
plies of construction materials, such as iron, rails, chairs, spikes,
cross-ties, and bridge timber, at i)oints where they would be compar-
atively saie and easily obtained when required. , These precautionary
measures proved to be of the utmost imixirtance in keeping the road
open.
The detachments stationed along the line were composed of bridge-
builders and track-layers, with an ample supply of tools for all kinds
of work. Each detachment was under the command of a competent
engineer or supervisor, who had orders to move in either direction
within certain limits as soon as a break occurred, and make the nec-
essary repairs without delay, working day and night when necessary.
Under this arrangement small breaks were repaired at once at any
point on the line, even when the telegraph wires were cut and special
orders could not be communicated to the working parties. When big
breaks occurred one or more divisions of the Construction Corps
were moved as rapidly as possible thereto, either from Chattanooga
or the front. Construction trains loaded with the requisite tools and
materials were kept ready at each end of the ros^ to move at a
moment's notice.
Guerrillas and raiding parties were more or less successful in
destroying portions of the track during the whole time we held this
vnov AUTROBinBS. t003
line; but the orowiiiiig effort was made by the enemy in October, 1864,
when Hood, getting to Sherman's rear, threw his whole army on the
road, first at Big Shanty and afterward north of Resaoa, and
destroyed in the aggregate 35^ miles of track and 455 linear feet of
bridfles, killing a^ capturing a large number of our men. Fortu-
nately, however, the detachments of the Construction CorjMB which
escaped were so distributed that even before Hood had left the road
two strong working parties were at work, one on each end of the
break at Big Shanty, and this gap of ten miles was closed and the
force ready to move to the great break of twenty-five miles in length
north of Resaca as soon as the enemy had left it. The destruction
bv Hood's army of our depots of supplies compelled us to cut nearly
ftll the cross-ties required to relay this track and to send a distance
for rails.
The cross-ties were cut near the line of the road and many of them
carried by hand to the track, as the teams to be furnished for haul-
ing them did not get to the work until it was nearly completed. The
raBs used on the southern end of the break had to be taken up and
brought from the railroads south of Atlanta, and those for the
northern end were mostly brought from Nashville, nearly 200 mQes
distant.
Notwithstanding all the disadvantages under which the labor was
performed, this twenty-five miles of track was laid and the trains
were running over it in seven days and a half from the time the work
was commenced.
The economy so commendable and essential upon civil railroads
was compelled to give way to the lavish expenditure of war; and the
question to be answered was not *' How much will it cost?" but rather,
** Can it be done at all at any cost?"
During February, 1862, I received the following important verbal
order from the Secretary of War:
I shall expect yoa to have on hand at all tixnes theneoeBsarymen andmaterialB
to enable you to comply promptly with any order given, nor must there be any
hdhm.
The greatest number of men employed at the same date during the
war was:
In Virginia 4,648
In North Carolina 8,887
In Hilitary Division of the MlBBUMippi 17,085
Total 24,964
Total number of mUea operated.
In Virginia 611
In North Carolina 2d8
In Military Division of the Miniasippi 1,201
Total 2,105
Number of enginee.
In Virginia 72
InNorth Carolina 88
In Military Division of the MiflsiBBippi 260
InQeonrfa 14
Ptoyidea bat not used 85
Total 419
1004 oosBispoHDmrGEy nc.
Number of tan.
InVlfgfaiiA 1,73$
In North OsroUiiA 4»
InlfiHtaryDivisioDof thalOHiflBippl S,888
InGeonda 21S
Prortdea batnotiued 579
Tobd •,«)
Lnnffih of bHdffm biM or rOmOi.
InVixgiiilA 84,W1
InNoffirOBroUiia. «,8«
Inllteoari 1.680
InKOitvrDlTlfllonof thalOHiflBippl 07,544
Tdtol 1W,418
Or96]iiilasl88feet
LemQihoftracklaidorrdaUL
warn, iwt
InViiglni*. 177 8.9a
In NoSCaroliiia 80 4.688
InHilitaryDiykioiiof thelliMiflBipid 488 2,888
Total 641 4,686
The following statement exhibitB the amount expended during the
war in constructing and oxMrating the XT. S. military railroads, said
sum having been furnished from the appropriation made for the
expenditures of the Quartermaster's Department:
Ylzginia:
TOTlabor 16,887.146.84
For materials 4,«»,817.27
910.147,468.51
North GaroUiia:
Pot labor 1.086.884.60
FormaterialB 1.510.485.45
8.686.660.05
limtary Division of the IfissLBsippl:
For labor 16.788.186.06
FormaterialB 18,870.588.06
88.668,781.11
Department of the Qnlf :
FormaterialB 55,888.88
Total 48,468,148.55
Property Bold under BLmontive order Angnst 8. 1865, 7.488.804.86
Property Bold for cash 8,466,789.88
BeoeiptB for paBaengers and freight 1,585,488.04
BeoeiptB from hire of roUing-Btock 108,588.50
Property on hand (eBthnatod) 100,000.00
18.688,965.88
Net ezpenditnzeB 89.888,176.78
The XT. S. military railroads were transferred, by Executive order
of August 8, 1865, to the original owners.
The military railroad organization was designed to be a great con-
struction and transportation machine for carrying out the objects <rf
the commanding generals, so far as it was adapted to the purpose,
and it was managed solely with a view to ef&cacy in that dix^eotion.
It was the duty of the Quartermaster's Department to load all mate-
rial upon the cars, to direct where such material should be taken,
and to whom delivered. It then became the province of the railroad
UNIOH AtJTHOBITIEB. 1005
department to comply with said order in the shortest practicable
time, and to perfect such arrangements as would enable it to keep
the lines in repair under any and all circumstances. It was impofr-,
sible for this department to keep an accurate account of the persons
and material transported, as whole corps and even armies, with all
their artillery and equipments, were moved upon verbal orders from
commanders sometimes hundreds of miles, and frequently in face of
the enemy. As an illustration, one of the largest movements of this
character was that of the Fourth Army Corps in 1865 from Cartei^s
Station, in East Tennessee, to Nashville, 373 miles, and which
employed 1,498 cars.
Accompanying this report is a map showing the different lines
oi>erated in the United States by the Military Railroad Department
during the war.*
In conclusion, i)ermit me to say that the Government was peculiarly
fortunate in securing the services of civilian officers of great nerve,
honesty, and capability, to whom the whole country owes a debt of
gratitude.
Among them I take the liberty of namiug as principal assistants A.
Anderson, chief superintendent and engineer; Col. W. W. Wright,
chief engineer of the Military Division of the Mississippi, and chief
engineer and general superintendent in the Department of North
Carolina; J. J. Moore, general sui)erintendent and chief engineer of
railroads in Virginia; E. L. Wentz, general superintendent and chief
engineer of railroads in Vii^nia, and afterward for a time general
superintendent of railroads in the Division of the Mississippi; W. J.
Stevens, general superintendent of U. S. Military Railroads, Division
of the Mississippi; L. H. Eicholtz, acting chief engineer Military
Division of the Mississippi during the absence of Col. W. W. Wright
in North Carolina; A. F. Goodhue, engineer and superintendent mil-
itary railroads. West Tennessee and Arkansas. Also the following
commissioned officers : Bvt. Brig. Qen. H. L. Robinson, assistant
quartermaster, Washington, D. C. ; Bvt. Maj. F. J. Criily, assistant
quartermaster, Nashville, Tenn., and Capt. G. S. Roper, commissary
of subsistence, Nashville, Tenn.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
D. C. McCALLUM,
Brevet Brigadier-Oeneraly Dvreetor and General Manager
U. 8. Military BaUroads.
* Inclosed in pocket at end of present voliune.
1006 CORBESPOHDEHCE, ETC.
Baehibii rdoHve to the fxOiaUeer forces of the U. 8. Armg.
PcPTtnmit.
line M per <
itSUyftT
I
I
WW I
ton max •
Middle*
Waehiagton* .
Ohioa
Kentaeky
Mlfleonrf
801
IM
▼IrglnlA..
KorthCanlliui.
Sooth CeroUiiA .
OeorxU
ULiuSStni
830
1,741
711
781
801
U8
1,006
159
801
168
188
7U
198
1.008
848
i,«m
8,50
•870
41.741
88a
"ioo
TU
80
"8M
Ttl
Tlorida.
Leulaieii*.
Tezee
Otllfonii* .
S61
}2,C00
8.806
815
4,468
5,888
8,806
816
6^014
5,888
8.000
•861
8.806
815
4.M8
6,888
•8,000
8.816
618
4»M8
8,816
8,816
Total.
6.074
88.88A
8,161
8,818
17,8
Corps.
le ICiMoari ((bey baviBg bee
ont by a eertalB date), U la
'^ICaylO,
ith.
and.arB being mnatered out aa raykUy aa
that
tbe last) wooMVot be out oatil September 1,
dMoateraoiit wfllnot be oompleted till laat of tbia i
« Have been under orders fbr discharge for a long time, i
thqroanbexeUaTed. Date when work wfll be eonpietdl
THOMAS H. VmCEMT,
AMJttant Adlifu^ant^tmeraL
War Dbpartmxnt, Amutaxts^vxemai/b Officb,
June 11, isse.
[July 26, 1866.— For Stanton to Colfax, transmitting reiwrt of the
Quartermastier-General respecting railroad property in poesession of
the Government May 1, 1865, Ac, see Honse Execntive Document,
No. 155, Thirty-ninth Congress, first session.]
General Orders, ) War Deft., Adjt. General's Officb,
No. 70. f Washmgiony August B6, 1866.
The following proclamation is pnbli/shed for the information and
guidanoe of the Army and of all concerned:
By THK PRBSIDBirT OF THE UNITED STATB OF AMERICA:
A PROCLAMATION.
Whereas, a war is exiHting in the Republic of Mexico, aggravated by ionign
military intervention ;
And whereas, the United States, in accordance with their settled habits and
policy, are a nentiral power in regard to the war which thus aflUots the Republic
of Mexico;
UNION AxrrHOBrriE8. 1007
And whereas, it Ium become Imown that erne of the beDiments in the said wbp—
namely, the Prmoe MaTimllian, who aaeerta himself to beSmoeror in Mezioo-^UM
issued a decree in regard to the port of Hatamoras and other Mexican ports which
are in the oocai>ation and possession of another of the said belligerents— namely,
the United States of Mexico— which decree is in the following words :
*' The port of Matamoras and all those of the northern frontier which haye
withdrawn from their obedience to the €K>yermnent are closed to f oreifni and
ooastixig traffic during such time as the empire of the law shall not be therein
reinstated.
"Abt. 2. Merchandiseprooeedixig from the said ports, on arriving at any other
where the ezdse of the Eoni^ire is collected, shall pay the duties on importation,
introduction, and consumption; and on satisfactory proof of contrayention shall
be irremissibly confiscated. Our minister of the treasury is charged with the
punctual execution of this decree.
'' Qiyen at Mexico the 9th of July, 1866."
And whereas, the decree thus remted* by dedaring a belligerent blockade unsup-
ported by competent military or nayal force, is in violation of the neutral rights
of the United States, as defined by the law of nations, as well as of the treaties
existing between the United States of America and the aforesaid United States of
Mexico:
Now, therefore, I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, do hereby
mxxslaim and declare that the aforesaid decree is held, and will be held, l^ the
United States to be absolutely null and ydd as against the Gk>yemment and citi-
aens of the United States ; and that any attempt which shall be made to enforce
the same against the Oovemment or the citisans of the United States will be
disallowed.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the
United States to be affixed.
Done at the city of Washington the seventeenth day of August, in the year of
our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixtyHBiz, and of the Independence of
the United States of Ammoa the ninety-first.
{SEAL.] AinDBEW JOHNSON.
By the President:
WILLIAM H. SEWABD,
Seoretary qf State.
By order of the President of the United States:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant AdQutantrG^eneraL
Oensral Orders, ) War Dsft., Adjt. Obneral's^Office,
No. 84. J Waahington, Odcher 4, 1S66.
The following proclamations by the President are published for the
information and government of the Army and all ooncemed:
Bt the Pbesidsztt of the Unttbd States of Amxslojli
a pboolaxation.
Whereas, by proclamations of the fifteenth and nineteenth of April, one
thousand eight hundred and sixly-one, the President of the United States, in
virtue of the power vested in him by the Constitution and the laws, declared that
the laws of the United States were opposed, and the execution thereof obstructed,
in the States of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Loui-
siana, and Texas, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed bv the ordinary
course of judicial proceedings, or by the powers vested in the marsnals bylaw;
And whereas, by another proclamation, made on the sixteenth day of August,
in the same year, m pursuance of an act of Congress approved July thirteen, one
thousand ei^ht hundred and sixty-one, the inhaoitants of the States of G^rgia,
South Carolma, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas,
Arkansas, Mississipj;)!, and Florida (except the inhabitants of that part of the
State of Virginia lying west of the Alleghany Mountains, and of such other purts
1008 COBBBSPONBENCEy ETC.
of that State and other States before named as might maintain a lojal adhesion
to the Union and the Constitntion, or might be from time to time oocnpied and
controlled by forces of the United States engaged in the dispersion of insoigents) ,
were declared to be in a state of insurrection against the C^ted States;
And whereas, bv another proclamation of the first day of Jnly, one thnw^^w^
eight hundred and sixty-two, issued in pursuance of an act of Congress approyed
June seven, in the same year, the insurrection was declared to be still existing in
the States aforesaid, with the exception of the certain specified counties in the
State of Virginia;
And whereas, by another proclamation, made on the second day of April, one
thousand eight hundred ana sixty-three, in pursuance of the act of Congress of
July thirteen, one thousand eight hundxed and sixty-one, the exceptions named
in we proclamation of Ausust sixteen, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one,
were reyoked, and the inhabitants of the States of Georgia, Sonth Cmlina,
Korth Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Mississippi,
Florida, and Virginia (except the for^-eight counties of Virginia designatoa as
West Virginia, and the ports of New Orleans, Key West, Poe¥ Boyal, and Bean-
fort, in North Carolina) , were declared to be still in a state of insurrection against
the United States;
And whereas, the House of Bexvesentatiyes, on the twenty-second day of July,
one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, adopted a resolution in the wcras
f ollowing» namely :
''IU9(HvedbytheHouKcfIiepre9ent€awe8ofiheC<^ UnitedStatm,
That the present deplorable ciyil war has been forced upon the conntary l^ the
disunionists of the Southern States, now in revolt agahist the constitutional GKyyem-
ment and in arms around the capital; that in this national emergency Confess,
banishing all feelings of mere panion or resentment, wiU recollect only its dnty to
the whole country; that this war is not waged upon our part in any spixitof
oppression nor for any purpose of conquest or subjugation, nor purpose of over-
throwing or interfering^ with the rightsor established institutions of those States,
but to defend and mamtain the supremacy of the Constitution, and to presoryo
the Union with all the dignity, equality, and rights of the several States unim-
paired; and that as soon as these objects are accomplished the war ou^t to cease.**
And whereas, the Senate of the United States, on the twenty-fifth day of July,
one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, adopted a resolution in the words
following, to wit:
'* Resolved, That the present deplorable civil war has beeh forced upon the
country bv tiie disunionsts of the Southern States, now in revolt against we con-
stitutional Government and in arms around the capital; that in this national
emergency Congress, banishinK all feeling of mere passion or resentment, will
recollect only its duty to the whole country; that this war is not prosecuted upon
our part with any spirit of oppression nor for any purpose of conquest oac sub-
jugation, nor purpose of overtnrowing or interfering with the rights or estab-
ushed institutions of those States, but to defend and maintain the Bui»«macy of
the Constitution and all laws made in pursuance thereof, and to preserve the
Union with all the digruity, equality, and rights of the seveial States unimpaired;
that as soon as these objects are accomplished the war ought to cease.**
And whereas, these resolutions, though not joint or concurrent in form, are sub-
stantially identical, and as such may oe regarded as having expressed the sense
of Congress upon the subject to which thev relate ;
And whereas, by my proclamation of the tnirteentn day of June last, the insuneo-
tion in the State of Tennessee was declared to have been suppressed, the authority
of the United States therein to be undisputed, and such United States officers as
had been duly commissioned to be in the undisturbed exercise of their oflldal
functions;
And whereas, there now exists no organized armed resistance of misguided citi-
zens or others to the authority of the United States in the States of Qeorgia,
South Carolina, Virnnia, Korth Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, Arkan-
sas, Mississippi, ana Florida, and the laws- can be sustained and enforced therein
by the proper civil authority. State or Federal, and the people of said States are
well and loyally disposed, and have conformed, or will conform, in thdr legisla-
tion to the condition of affairs growing out of the amendment to the Constitution
of the United States prohibiting slavery within the limits and jurisdiction of the
United States;
And whereas, in view of the before-recited premises, it is the manifest deter-
mination of the American people that no State, of its own will, has the right or
the power to so out of, or separate itself from, or be separated from, the American
Umon, and tnat therefore each State ought to remain andconstitate an integral
part of the United States ;
UNION AUTHORITIES. 1009
And whereas, the people of the sereral before-mentioned States have, in the
manner aforesaid, gdyen satisfactory evidence that they acqniesce in this sovereign
and important resolution of natioiuil nnitv ;
And whereas, it is believed to be a fnnnamental principle of government that
the people who have revolted, and who have been overcome ana subdued, must
either be dealt with so as to induce them voluntarily to become friends, or else
they must be held by absolute militarv power, or devastated so as to prevent them
from ever again doing harm as enemies, which last-named policy is abhorrent to
humanitv and to freedom ;
And wnereas, the Constitution of the United States provides for constituent
communities only as States, and not as Territories, dependencies, provinces, or
protectorates ;
And whereas, such constituent States must necessarily be, and by the Constitu-
tion and laws of the United States are made equals, and placed upon a like footing
as to political rights, immunities, dignity, and power with the several States with
which they are united ;
And whereas, the observance of political equality as a principle of right and
justice is well calculated to encourage the people of the aforesaia States to be and
become more and more constant ana persevenng in their renewed allegiance ;
And whereas, standing armies, military occupation, martial law, nulitary tri-
bunals, and the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus are, in
time of i>eace, dangerous to public liberty , incompatible with the individual rights
of the citizens, contrary to the geniusand spirit of our free institutions, and exhaust-
ive of the national resources, and ouffht not, therefore, to be sanctioned or allowed,
except in cases of actual necessity, for repelling invasion or suppressing insurrec-
tion or rebellion ;
And whereas, the polic^r of the Gk)vemment of the United States, from the
beginning of the insurrection to its overthrow and final suppression, has been in
conformity with the principles herein set forth and enumerated :
Now, therefore, I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, do hereby
proclaim and declare that the insurrection which heretofore existed in the States
of G^rgia, South Carolina, Virginia, Korth Carolina, Tennessee. Alabama, Lou-
isiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Florida is at an end, and is >)enceforth to be so
regarded.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the
United States to be affixed.
Done at the city of Washin^^n this second day of April, in the year of our
Lord one thousand eight hunored and sixty-six, and of the Independence of
the United States of America the ninetieth.
[SEAL.] ANDBEW JOHNSON.
By the President:
WILLIAM H. SEWARD,
Secretary of State,
n.
By the Prssidsnt of thb United States of America:
a proclamation.
Whereas, b^ proclamations of the fifteenth and nineteenth of April, eighteen
hundred and sixty-one, the President of the United States, in virtue of the power
vested in him by the Constitution and the laws, declared that the laws of the
United States were opposed, and the execution thereof obstructed, in the States of
South Carolina, G^rgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi,JLiOuisiana, and Texas,
by combinations too powerful to be suppressed bv the ordinary course of judicial
proceedings, or by the powers vested in the marshals by law;
And whereas, hj another proclamation made on the sixteenth day of August,
in the same year, m pursuance of an act of Congress approved July thirteen, one
thousand ei^ht hundred and six^-one, the inhaoitants of the States of Georgia,
South Carohna, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama. Louisiana, Texas,
Arkansas, Mississippi, and Florida (exc^ the inhabitants of that part of the
State of Virginia lying west of the AUeghany Mountains, and except &\ao the
inhabitants of such other parts of that State, and the other States before named, as
might maintain a loyal adhesion to the Union and the Constitution, or might be
from time to time occupied and controlled by forces of the United States engaged
in the dispersion of insurgents) were declared to be in a state of insurrection
against the United States ;
64 R R— SERIES in, VOL V
1010 0OBBE8PONDEKCE, ETC.
And whereas, by aaotherpioclAinatiQn of the first day of July, one thoiumidei^
hundred and sizty-two, isened in jyorsnanoe of an act of Congress approved June
7, in the same year, the insurrection was declared to be still existing in the States
aforesaid, with the exception of certain specified counties in the State of Yiivinia;
And whereas, by anouier proclamation made on the second day of April, one
thousand eight hundred ana sixty-three, in pursuance of the act of Congress of
July thirteen, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, the exceptions named
in tne proclamation of August sixteen, one thousand eight hundred and sixtr-one,
were revoked, and the inhabitants of the States of G^eorgia, South Carolina, North
Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Mississippi, Florida,
and Virginia (except the forty-eif^ht counties of Vinrinia desisnated as West Vir-
ffinia, and the ports of New Orleans, Key West, Port Royal, and Beaufort, in
North Carolina) were declared to be still in a state of insurrection against the
United States;
And whereas, by another proclamation of the fifteenth day of September, one
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, made in pursuance of the act of Con-
gress approved Ifarch third, one thousand eight nundred and sixty-three, the
rebellion was declared to be still existing, and the privilege of the writ of habeas
corpus was in certain specified cases suspended throughout the United States—
said suspension to contmue throughout the duration of the rebellion, or until said
proclamation should, bv a subseauent one to be issued by the President of the
United States, be modified or revoked;
And whereas, the House of Representatives, on the twenty-second day of July,
one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, adopted a resolution in the words f<M-
lowing, namely:
*'JReiolved by the Houae of Bepreaentaiivea of the Conaress of the United Staiet^
That the present deplorable civil war has been f orcea upon the country l^ the
disunionists of the Southern States, now in revolt agunst the constitutional Gov-
ernment and in arms around the capital ; that in this national emergency CoogresB,
banishing all feelings of mere passion or resentment, will recollect only its duty to
the whole country; that this war is not waged upon our part in any spirit of
oppression, nor for any purpose of conquest or subji^tion, nor purpose of over-
throwing or interfering witn the rights or established institutions of those States,
but to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution, and to preserve
iihe Union with all the dignity, equality, and rights of the several States unim-
paired; and that as soon as these objects are accomplished the war ought to cease.**
And whereas, the Senate of the United States, on the twenty-fifth day of July,
one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, adopted a resolution in the words fol-
lowing, to wit:
**Iteiolved, That the present deplorable civil war has been forced upon the
country by the diBunionists of the Southern States, now in revolt against ihe
constitutional Qovemment and in arms around the capital; that in this national
emergency Congress, banishing all feeling of mere passion or resentment, wUl
recollect only its duty to the whole country; that this war is not prosecuted upon
our part in any spirit of oppression, nor for any purpose of conquest or subjuga*
tion. nor purpose of oveithrowing or interfering with the rights or estabhshed
institutions ox those States, but to defend and maintain the supremacy d the
Constitution and all laws made in pursuance thereof, and to preserve the Union
with all the dignity, equality, and rights of the several States unimpaired; that
as soon as these objects are accomplished the war ought to cease.**
And whereas, these resolutions, though not joint or concurrent in form, are
substantially identical, and as such have hitherto been and yet are regarded as
having expressed the sense of Conxrees upon the subject to which they relate;
And whereas, the President of the United States, by proclamation of the
thirteenth of June, 1865, declared that the insurrection in the State of Tennessee
had been suppressed, and that the authority of the United States therein was
undisputed, and that such United States officers as had been duly commissioned
were m the undisturbed exercise of their official functions;
And whereas, the President of the United States, by further proclamation, issued
on the second day of April, one thousand eight hundired and sixty-six, did promul-
gate and declare that there no longer existed any armed resLstance of misguided
citizens or others to the authority of the United States in any or in all the States
before mentioned, excepting only the State of Texas, and did further promulgate
and declare that the laws could be sustained and enforced in the several States
before mentioned, except Texas, by the proper civil authorities. State or Federal,
and that the people of the said States, except Texas, are well and loyally disposed,
and have conformed, or will conform, in their legislation to the condition of afEurs
^[rowing out of the amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohilat-
mg slavery within the limits and jurisdiction of the United States;
UHIOK AUTHOBrriBS. 1011
And did fnriber dedare in the same proolanuition that it is the manif est
determlnatlQn of the American people that no State of its own will has a right or
power to ffo out of or separate itself from or be separated from the American
union, and that, therefore, each State on^t to remain and oonstitate an integral
part of the United States;
And did farther dedare in the same last-mentioiied proclamation that the
aeyeral aforementioned States, excepting Texas, had to the manner aforesaid
giyen satisf actorj evidence that they acquiesce in this sorereign and important
resdntion of national nnity;
And whereas, the President of the United States, in the same proclamation, did
farther dedare that it is bdiered to be a fundamental prindple of government
that the people who have revolted, and who have been overcome and sabdoed,
most either oe dealt with so as to mdnoe them voluntarily to become friends, or
else they most be hdd bjr absolute military i>ower. or devastated so as to prevent
them from ever again dmng harm as enemies, which last-named i>olicy is abhor*
rent to homanity and to freedom:
And whereas, the President dia in the same prodamation farther dedare that
tbe Constitation of the United States provides for constitaent communities only
as States and not as Territories, dependendes, provinces, or protectorates;
And further that such constituent States muist necessarily be, and by tne Con-
stitution and laws of the United States are made equals, and placed upon a like
footing as to political rights, immunities, dignity, and power with the several
States with which thev are united;
And did further declare that Uie observance of political equality as a prindple
of right and justice is ^dl calculated to encourage the ];)eople of the before-named
States, except Texas, to be and to become more and more constant and persevering^
in thetf renewed allegiance;
And whereas, the President did farther dedare that standixig armies, military
occui>ation, martial law, military tribunals, and the suspension of the writ ooT
habeas corpus are in time of peace dangerous to public liberty, incomi>atible with
the individual rights of the dtiaen, contrary to the genius and spirit of our free
institutions, and exhaustive of the naticmal resources, and ought not, therefore, to-
be sanctioned or allowed except in cases of actual necessity for repelling invasion
or suppressing insurrection or rebellion;
And the President did f urtlier in the same proclamation declare that the policy
of the Oovemment of the United States from the beginning of the insurrection to
its overthrow and final suppression had been conducted In conformity with the
principles in the last-namea proclamation redted;
And whereas, the President, in the said proclamation of the thirteenth of June,
one thousand eight hundred and 8ixtv-five,*upon the grounds therein stated and
hereinbefore recited, did then and thereby procldm and declare that the insur-
rection which heretofore existed in the several States before named, except in
Texas, was at an end, and was henceforth to be so regarded;
And whereas, subsequently to the said second day of April, one thousand eight
hundred and sixty-six, the insurrection in the State of Texas has been completely
and everywhere suppressed and ended, and the authori^ of the United States has
been successfully and completely established in the said State of Texas, and now
remains therein unresisted and undisputed, and such of the proper United States
officers as have been duly commissioned within the limits of tne said State are
now in the undisturbed exercise of their official functions;
And whereas, the laws can now be sustained and enforced in the said State of
Texas by the proper dvil authority. State or Federal, and the people of the said
State of Texas, like the people of the other States before named, are weU and loy-
ally disposed and have comormed, or will conform, in their legislation to the
condition of affairs growing out of the amendment of the Constitution of the
United States prohibiting slavery within the limits and jurisdiction of the United
States;
And whereas, all the reasons and conclusions set forth in regard to the several
States therein specially named now apply equallv and in all respects to the State
of Texas, as weU as to the other States wbicn haa been involved in insurrection;
And wnereas, adequate provision has been made by military orders to enforce
the execution of the acts of Congress, aid the dvil authorities, and secure obedi-
ence to the Constitution and laws of the United States within the State of Texas,
if a resort to military force for such purpose should at any time become
necessary:
Now, therefore. I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, do hereby
proclaim and declare that the insurrection which heretofore existed in the State
of Texas is at an end, and is to be henceforth so regarded in that State, as in the
other States before named, in which the said insurrection was proclaimed to be
♦Error; should be April 2, 1866.
1012 COBBBSPONDSNGSy BTC.
at an end by the afaromid inoclaiiiatioa of the Beoood day of April, one thoaeaiid
e^ht hnndred and siztyndx.
And I do further proclaim that the said insorreotion is at an end, and that
peace, order, tranqnillity, and civil authority now exist in and throogfaoat the
whole of the United States of America.
In testimony whereof I have hereonto set my hand and cansed the seal of the
United States to be aifixed.
Done at the city of Washinston this twentieth day of Angost. in the year of
onr Lord one tjionsand eight nnndred and sizty-siz, and of the uidependenoe of
the United States of Ammoa the ninety-first
[8BAL.] ANDREW JOHNSON.
By the President:
WILLIAM H. SEWARD,
8ecr«iarjf of State,
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Aasistani Adl^uiani-OeneraL
Adjtttakt-Gsnbral's Ofbtcs,
Washington, October 20, 1866.
Hon. Edwin M. Stanton,
Secretary of War:
Sir: ♦♦♦♦♦♦
yOLUNTEBR SBRVICB.
The entire management of this branch of the dntiea of this office
has continued under the immediate charge of Bvt. Brig. Gen. Thomas
M. Vincent, assistant adjutant-general.
The number of volunteers borne on the returns of armies, military
divisions, and departments on the 1st of May, 1865, was reported at
985,516. Subsequent to that date the number of white and colored
trooxMS taken up on the returns was 48,548, which, added to this first,
made the entire number to be mustered out 1,034,064.
The number (48,548) was made up as follows:
State troops 5,844
FirrtOonM 8,008
Veteran Eeserve Ckirpe 784
Ck)lored troope 14,088
U. S. Volnnteers 986
Volonteers for old and new organisationain rendesvouB 10,888
Volnnteers and drafted men en route to oommanda and not joined 6,584
Forces in transit dropped from retoms of one command, and neceasaiily
not taken np on that of the one for which destined 8,467
Total 48,648
XU8TER8 OUT OF 8SBVICB.
The last annual rei>ort of the Adjutant-General brought down the
operations of the Department in mustering outtheYolunteer Army to
the 15th of November, 1865, at which date 800,963 had been discharged.
The following is a statement of the numbers mustered out np.to^the
dates set opposite them, showing the rapidity with which ^ work
was continued after that time:
Jannary90,1886 818,7;B8
Fehmanr 15,1886.. 868,488
March 10. 1886 967,887
May 1,1866 986, 7»
Jmie80,1866 1,010,670
November 1,1866 1,088,061
Leaving in service 11,043 volunteers, colored and white.
imOH AtTTHOBITIBd. 1013
The following were the orders ieeaed to complete the series neces-
sary to take out of service all the remaining volunteer forces men-
tioned in the foregoing statement, amounting to 233,101:
December 11^ i^6^.— All white troops in the Departments of Georgia,
Alabama, and Mississippi, leaving the aggregate force — ^inclucUng
regulars— in the said departments 7,000 men.
December SO. — ^AU volunteers in the Dei>artment of the East, aU in
the Middle Department except 1,500, imd all in the Dei>artment of
Virginia except 2,500.
December SO. — AU troops in the Military Division of the Tennessee
whose terms of service would expire in February, 1866, and, in addi-
tion, the force in the Department of the Tennessee to be reduced to
4,000 men.
December JO.— The force of white troops in the Military Division of
the Gulf to be reduced to 10,000 men, and the force of black troops
to 10,000.
In case of the public interest not warranting so great a reduction,
the figures indicated to be approached as nearly as possible.
January P, 1866. — All volunteer troops in the Department of Vir-
ginia.
March 16. — ^The force of colored troops in the Military Division of
the Tennessee, so as to leave for the respective military dei>artments
as follows: Kentucky, two regiments; Tennessee, four regiments;
G^rgia, one regiment; Alabama, two regiments; Mississippi, four
regiments.
March IS. — ^All colored troops in the Dei>artment of South Carolina
except one regiment.
Mxxrch IS. — ^AU colored troops in the Dei>artment of Florida except
one regiment.
March IS. — ^All colored troops in the Department of Washington
except one regiment.
March IS. — ^All colored troops in the Military Division of the Mis-
sissippi except four regiments.
AprU. — ^AU volunteers, both white and colored, in the Military
Division of the Tennessee; this under discretionary authority given
the commanding general of that division.
May IS. — All remaining white volunteers in the Military Division
of the Gulf, Dei>artment of North Carolina, and Department of South
Carolina.
JiUy 11. — ^All the remaining officers and men of the First Army
Corps (Hancock's).
From time to time, as the troops could be disi)ensed with, thirty-
nine regiments in addition to the foregoing were ordered to be mus-
tered out.
The movement homeward commenced May 29, 1865, and had it
been possible to spare all the volunteers in service the entire number,
1,034,064, could easily have been disbanded and returned to their
homes within three months from that date.
The annexed table, marked C, shows the whole force mustered out
since May 1, 1865, properly classified.
The recruitment of white volunteers was under the exclusive con-
trol of the Adjutant-General from the first call for troops until May
1, 1863, when it was placed under the Provost-Marshal-General, who,
being by law charged with the enrollment and draft, was charged
also with enlistment, that the entire recruiting service for white vol-
unteers might be under one head.
1014 COBRESPOKDENCBy ETC.
The regnlationB framed by this office for volunteer leomitiiig i
ice remained in force with but alight modiflcationa during the '
The re-enlistment of veteran volunteers in the field and the reeruit-
ment of all colored volunteers was under the direction of the
Adjutant-General.
The following statement shows the numbers reeruited under his
direction:
Militia (three and nine months) from April 16, 1861, to May 1, 1868 ... 196,881
Volnnteerg from May 8, 1861, to Kay 1, 1868 1,149,719
Veteran Tolnnteen re-enliflted in the field, 186a-'64 *ia8,951
Colored troops dnnng the war 169,694
Total 1,668,515
making about two-thirds of the whole number furnished during the
war.
The subject of organizing volunteer troops was under the charge
of the Adjutant-General throughout the war. This involved —
First. The establishing and management of the general depots or
rendezvous in the several States for collecting and instructing
recruits.
Second. The care of all recruits (including those enlisted under
the Provost-Marshal-Generars Bureau) after arrival at general depot
Third. The organization of the recruits, if for new commands, into
regiments and companies.
Fourth. The forwarding of all troops, new organizations and de-
tachments of recruits for old ones, to the field.
Fifth. The muster in of commissioned officers and enlisted men for
all organizations already in the field, and for those serving not in the
field, but under the control of commanding generals of departments.
This important duty, in which many difficidt questions arise, upon
the solution of which depends the commencement of -pay or date of
rank, required at times a corps of 200 commissaries and assistaiit
commissaries of musters, or one commissary for eadi military geo-
graphical division and department and each army, and one assistant
for each division of troops.
Sixth. The mustering out and discharging all volunteers and mili-
tia and returning them to their homes.
Table D, giving two classifications — one by States, the other l^
calls — shows the number of new organizations organized and for-
warded to the field under direction of this office during the war.
PBOVOST-MARSHALrGEKBRAL'S BUBKAU.
Pursuant to the provisions of section 33 of the '' Act to increase and
fix the military peace establishment of the United States," approved
July 28, 1866, the Bureau and office of the Provost-Marshal-General
of the United States were discontinued on the 28th of August, and by
General Orders, No. 66, War Department, Adjutant-Geneml's Office,
August 20, 1866, all business relating in anyway to the Provost-Mar-
shal-Generars Bureau, or the raising of troops, with all the accounts
and claims connected therewith, of whatever character or date or
whensoever incurred, were transferred to the Adjutant-General of
the Army, to whom all the records, i>apers, funds, and property were
turned over. The Adjutant-General was authorized to retain such
officers and clerks as were required, and directed to reduce the force
from time to time as it could be done without detriment to the
public service. The regulations and orders framed for the Provost-
*B7 credits subsequently allowed this number has been increased to 146^080.
UNION AUTHORITIES.
1016
Marehal-Cteneral's Bnrean, in so far as they were applicable, were
continued in force.
The transfer under these orders having been duly made, the busi-
ness of the Bureau was consolidated into the "Enrollment*' and
** Disbursing" branches of the Adjutant-General's Office.
The Enrollment Branch is charged with answering calls for infor-
mation from the Second Auditor, Pension Office, Paymaster-General,
State and local authorities, and with miscellaneous business. In
addition to this the work of consolidating and transferring the
names of all men drafted into the service of the United States during
the rebellion into books especially prepared and arranged by States
and districts has been commenced, so that reference for information
may be made easy. The number of names to be thus transferred is
776,829.
The Disbursing Branch is charged with all disbursements from the
fund for '' collecting, drilling, and organizing volunteers," and the
^^ enrollment and draft fund;" also the business relating to all
accounts and claims, of whatever character or date or whensoever
incurred, connected with the raising of troops during the war.
Accounts relating to the current expenses of the mustering and dis-
bursing offices in the respective States, such as rent, clerk hire, post-
age, telegrams, isG. , are paid by chief mustering and disbursing officers
from a limited supply of funds kept in their hands for that purpose.
All other accounts are forwarded, after a full examination by the
chief mustering and disbursing officer, with his remarks and recom-
mendation, and if proper are paid by the disbursing officer connected
immediately with this office.
Of the records, those relating to the Veteran Reserve CorxMB and
deserters have been merged into the " Boll and Return Division " of
this office.
The Medical Branch was duly transferred, by order of the Secretary
of War, to the charge of the Surgeon-Greneral of the Army, with the
view of compl3dng with the requirements of the act approved July
28, 1866, in regard to the publication of the medical statistics of the
Provost-Marshal-General's Bureau.
Prior to the transfer of the duties the Provost-Marshal-Greneral had
consolidated offices and reduced the force of his employes to the low-
est limit consistent with the present prompt transaction of the public
business.
Offices under the direction of a chief mustering and disbursing
officer were continued at the following places:
Stftte.
Station.
For what States, Ae,
VemHmt
Brattleboioagh...
Boston
Vermont.
Massachnsetti, Maine. Kew HampsUre.
Connectiont, Rhode Island.
New York.
PennsylTania. New Jersey.
Maryland^Dclaware.
Ohio, West Virginia.
Indiana.
Kentaoky.
niinoto.
Iowa.
Minnesota.
Wisconsin.
Michigan.
Tennessee.
New Mexico.
California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington Territory.
Cnnneotloat
Hartford
NeirYork
Albany
pKOiiBylruiia
M^rylMiil
Baltimore
Colambaa
LoniaTina
Springfield
SdntXooU
Davenport
Saint Panl
Madiffon
Ohio
IndiuiA.
Kflotockv
niinola..
IfiMonri
lowft
Minnesota
WlMonnln
Mtobisan
Detroit
TonnMMiee
Naehville
Kew Mexloo
Santa F6
C?ft"fMW*%, .r.TT
San Francisco —
1016 COBRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Measures have been adopted to obtain an accurate Icnowledge of
the condition of the business in the respective States and Territories,
with the view of closing all these offices at the earliest date it can be
done without detriment to the public service, and collecting all the
valuable psLpers and records at the seat of Government, where they
will be filed in proi)er manner for future reference.
The Provost-Miunhal-Generars report of the operations of his
Bureau, dated March 17, 1866, renders unnecessary reference in more
detail to its business now under this office.
No appropriation of money will be required for this branch during
the next fiscal year.
COLORED VOLUNTEERS.
For all information in relation to colored volunteer troops I beg
leave to refer to the annexed report of Bvt. Col. C. W. Foster,
assistant adjutant-general of volunteers, who organized and has con-
tinned in charge of that branch of the duties of this office.
In addition to the distinctive branches already referred to, there
are four others immediately connected with this office, as follows:
1. The subject of commissions, under Bvt. Brig. Gen. J. C. Kelton,
assistant adjutant-general. This branch embraces the preparation
and issue of all letters of appointment and commissions to officers
appointed by the President, and their accurate registry; the regulating
of proi)er succession and promotion of officers; preparation of orders
of promotion and army registers; ordnance-sergeants\ hospital stew-
ards', and sutlers' warrants; the solution of numerous questions of
rank and of pay depending on dates of appointment and acceptance
of commission, and of questions of organization of the Army under
acts of Congress. Some little idea may be formed of the soojpe of this
class of duties by the fact that over ten thousand commissions, brevets
and other, have been issued since November 1, 1865, for regular and
volunteer officers.
2. The prex^aration and distribution of all special orders, the
measures for apprehension and trial of deserters, the miscellaneous
correspondence with general and staff officers of the Regular and
Volunteer Army, and regimental officers of the Regular Army, relat-
ing to leaves of absence, changes of station, Ac, and the recruiting
service for the Regular Army, details of which have been given above,
have been under the immediate direction of Bvt. Brig. Qen. Robert
Williams, assistant adjutant-general, who has arranged the detail
and assignment of recruiting officers, the drawing of requisitions for
funds to supply them, the assignment and forwarding of detachments
from depots to regiments, the preparation of instructions to superin-
tendents, and the correspondence with officers concerning accounts,
returns, Ac.
In addition to these duties, on the transfer of Brevet Brigadier-
General Nichols, assistant adjutant-general, to the headquarters
Division of the Missouri, General Williams was charged with corre-
spondence on miscellaneous subjects, such as relate to reports of gen-
erals, claims, d^c, which involves the investigation of all matters of
a general nature ui>on which rex>orts are to be made to the War
Department and General-in-Chief, and with the proper filing of letters
received.
3. Bvt. Brig. Gen. Samuel Breck, assistant adjutant-general, is
charged with the preparation and distribution of all books of military
UNIOH AUTHORITIES. 1017
reflation and instructioii which are used in the Army, and of all
blank forms for mnster-roUs, returns, Ac. ; with the custody and cor-
rection of returns, enlistments, and muster-rolls, showing the strength
and military history of every soldier, together with the numerous
questions requiring patient and laborious examination, and volumi-
nous correspondence touching all that relates to soldiers, such as
answering inquiries from the accounting, i)ension, and pay offices,
and from relatives; removing charge of desertion; settling claims
for horses lost; discharge of minors, &c, ; the arrangement and care
of old records collected from commands broken up, and the prepa-
ration, under a special act of Congress, of a register of every volunteer
organization received into the U. S. service during the rebellion.
4. Bvt. Col. H. C. Wood, assistant adjutant-general, is charged with
the preparation of all orders issued on court-martial cases, and of all
business relating to them after they are rex>orted upon by the Bureau of
Military Justice, and with 8Ui)ervision over military prisoners, wher-
ever confined. Also with the examination and auditinff of accounts
of regimental, i>ost, and comi>any funds, and also with the proper
filing and copying of battle rex>orts.
But a faint idea is conveyed in the foregoing of the vast amount of
business daily transacted in this office, which is so made up of details
as to be incapable of minute description.
It is only due to the officers, clerks, and employes in every branch
to say that in intelligence, patient fidelity, accuracy, and neatness in
keeping their records, they cannot, as a body, be surpassed.
DB8EBTEB8.
From various causes arising out of the unsettled state of the Army
there was a large number of desertions at the close of the war. To
check this evil recruiting officers were instructed to apprehend and
send to military posts for trial all deserters who could be found in the
vicinity of their stations, and lists were sent from companies, with a
description of deserters, to facilitate their arrest. The number appre-
hended under this system from February 1, 1866, to October 1, 1866,
is 1,029.
As an inducement to return to their duty the President published
an offer of pardon to all who would report themselves at a military
post by the 15th of August, 1866. Three hundred and fourteen
availed themselves of this act of clemency.
« « « « « « «
I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant A^jiUantrOeneral.
1018
COBBEBPONDENCE, ETC.
Table C.SaMbU of volunteer troops muetered ofuJt and returned to their
from May 1, 1866, to November 1, 1866.
i
h
1!
ArUona
ArkansM
CaUforalA
Colorado
Connaotieat
iMkoU
Delaware
Diatrlot of Colambia .
Florida
Georgia
nUDoia
Indiana
Indian Nation
Iowa
Kenlocky
Tioninlana
Maine
Maryland
Maaaachoaetto. . .
Michigan
MinneM»U
MiasiMippi
Miaaoori.
Nebnaka
Kerada
KewHampahira.
New Jexaey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina ..
Ohio
Oragon ....*.....,
PennayWania....
Rhode laland
Teunei
Tezaa.,
Yermont
Virginia
Waahlngton
WeatY&ginia
Wiaoonain
Firat Army Corpa (Hanoook'a) .
U. S. Yolonteen
U. S. Colored Trooj
Veteran Beaerve
16
31
1
1S7
116
8
U
t
IS
opa
Corpa.
16
40
9
6
1S4
94
1
10
1
8
a
2
1
2
s
87
18
s
A
8
2
6
9A
7
8
8
12
21
1
2
8
8
8
9
8
24
18
21
16
6
9
1
8
8
2
8
1
8
8
8
10
1
10
174
187
8.188
I^W
1.74*
14. !•
!•
2.M1
1. 1ST
m
147
n,sa
71.2U0
2,011
88.171
8.4M
14.981
2.443
19. vn
11,813
84.339
11417
a»
28,311
SOS
833
10.844
21, 158
1,731
188.148
2,3M
182,848
1.134
107, sa
8.414
14.4S8
1,378
9.M
48
358
13.448
88.4aS
7,444
6,081
111,441
27,91
Total.
1,282
816
188
1,083.481
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Aanetant Adjutant-Qeneral.
War Department, Aixtutant-General's Office,
NovemJber 1, 1866.
UNION AUTHOBITIB8.
1019
Tabia D.^EaOiMt cf the number of oraaniMoHoM-^vohmUen and mOUian-
fjtganiKeA and mnuiered into the aemoe of the United Statee during the
reoeHJcm.
UVDXB CALL OF APBIL U, Utt, YOB 7ft,000 lOLITLl.
iBltotry.
Oa^alfy.
Artllliry.
SHiftwandltetttoflM.
1
J
ii
!
1
1
BOgfaBMlte.
CompoBlM.
1
1
1
1
S
1
AMmmft ...r.. r
Aiiamui
ArkaaaM . .,
Oiifnrnifi ,...-,,
OokmKlff..
CotittiMftlinit
8
Dttkoto
DaUiram
S
I>f attiflt of Colvmblft . . .
FIvndA ... ...r-r-T
QeoKia
niinOlll.. -».,.. r.-r-.- -
C
6
14
6
Tmlfaaa
Indittii Tnritory
Iowa .................
1
XoBtQcky
liOOfsiAII*
1f^n«.,^
1
VffvlsaA
6
1
1
1
1
Ifiekina
Hinn^oto
IftowiMiVBl
SSioSfv.:.....!::::!
ft
8
8
Vobnuka..............
Noradft
NovHamptblM
NovJoiw....
1
4
Kew Ifezioo
KowTork
17
VorthCaralliiA
Ohio
S2
S
8
owSii:::.:;:..:::;;;:;
PODUiTlTlBiA ........ r .
]
BhodelslMid
1
Si^Qih Cwollnft ........
TcniiOMOO ■•■..■.■•■■•.
XOZM
Yonnont
1
Yirsliii*
WMhiiiftoiiTaRitoiy.
1
1
WteconsiB .........
Flnt AnuT Coroo r . - - ^
IT. 8. VoliiBtMiii.
U. S. Colond Tttwps ..
ToM
104
1
17
8
11
UNDER CALL OF ICAT 8JM1, FOB THIBTT.NIHB BBQIMENTS OF ENFANTBY AITD OHB
OF OA YALBT, A^ A0T8 OF JULY 88 AND 85, FOB 600,000 YOLUKTXBBS.
Alison* ...............
ArkanuA
CalifornlA
Colorado
Connootieat
9
e
1
1
Uakoto
DeUwan
8
I
1
1
Dtoteict of Ooliiinbla. . .
Ylorida
OooKla.
ufflSr , .:. .
68
4ft
18
8
,
85
16
XBdiaM
••••••
••••••
••••■•
1020
0OBBB8PONDENCE, ETC.
Tabli D.^EaMrit of the number of organixatian^'^vohifUeere and mOiiia^
oraawued and mnetered inUo the eerviee of the United Statee durimg the
reoeUion^-Continiied.
X7KDBB CALL OF MAT S, ISO, FOB THIBTT-NINX RBOIMBKTS OF IKFAKTBT AlID OKI
OF CAYALBT, AND ACTS OF JULY 22 AND 25, FOB 500,000 YOLUKTEEBS-CoatiBoeA.
iBflHitry.
CftTolry.
ArtUkry.
StatMaiidTwxItotlM.
1
1
•
9 •
BaginMBtB.
BrttoHoM.'Oo^poriw.
1
1
r,i
U
ImUm T«rritot7
Jowrm
16
S
28
8
5
5
0
2
Emmm
Xratoeky
lClilM..,1T .T
U
10
25
IB
4
1
1
7
5
2
1
1
1
8
ifffMlamd,..., ,......,.
4
1
lfff4Mf»n-T.
2
8
IfiBDMOta
MiMiMlvpl
mSSSP..:. :..::;:::
24
6
7
1
2
1
1
4
K^brMka
VvnOm
1
V«vHamp«hli«
V«wJ«rMv
7
10
8
1 . .
1
s
vSwM^:::::::.::.
1
KttwTork
80
4
12
1
2
4
"it::::::
14 1
Vorth Garoliiift
Ohio
n
2
0
7
1
1
10
ow«i.:.:.;.!.ii.".:.
I
77
8
4
11
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
Sooth CftroUiiA
ToBDMIWO •.•
TozM
1
Vonnoiit
7
8
1
1
2
Virgini*
1
^^S^^SSSr*!^.:
,
11
10
• 2
8
!
8 '
WlMOBoin
1
\
: 1 :::
12 1
Vint Army 0ocp4 r
1
1
U.S.YoloBtoora
1
(
n. S. Colond TraoDO . . .
::::::l::::::
1
* " *
TMol
600
48
82
8
28
0
•
8
129 >
1
TTSDKR CALL OF JULY 2. 1802. FOB 800,000 YOLUNTEEBS.
Alohmift
.
AiiKmft . . . . T T. . . r
1
ArkanMn
1
Califonio
GolmMlo
7
1
1
Dukote
0a]Awue
:::::: :::::: ::::"
Dlitrlet of Cotombio. . .
::::: :::;::
Fhrldo
QwirsUL
*.!".;"i;"-i!;Miiiii
IlllnftU
01
81
1
2
;:::;:' ---1
7
8
TiMliOBO
Indian Tsritorr
SSI^.t"!!!:....::.
14
8
4
'
1
1
2
Kontuokr
0
_ _ _
ft^iaSm
;:;:::i :
Iffftfn^
11
12
1
Iffoirlonii
1
0
0
2
8
...M 1 '
Mkhigof
1
Iff tnifffot* ...... ...11'
HlMiMipni
I
MiS^r.
8
1 1
UNION AUTH0BITIE8. 1021
Tabia D.^EaOUbU of the number of organiUsaiion^-^volmUeere and mUUia—
oraanixed and mustered into the eerviee of the Untted States during the
rebeUionr-ConHaaeA,
XTKDXB CALL OF J0LY 1, IMS, FOB 800.000 yOLUirrSXBB-OnittMMd.
lailHitry.
CaTalry.
▲rtlllaiy.
StotosftiidTenitarlM.
}
i
ii
j
1
d
•
]to.i»«ito.
"PattaHime
CompaalM.
1
1
i
1
1
1
VetoMkA
Vftv-Bila . . . . . .,..„
NewHAmpshiM
6
6
New Mexico
New York
01
6
1
6
ia
ITortb Carolina
" 1
Ohio
44
8
6
a
10
Oregon
PenDaylvaaia
86
1
6
6
I
1
Rhode Island
Soath Carolina
Tennessee ............
1
Texas . •..•■■•..........
Yennont .. ..........
S
1
Tirsinia
Washington Territory.
Weetyrrginia
Wisconsin
6
U
8
1
a
First ArmT Come
U. S.Volontoen
U. S. Colored Troona. . .
Total
846
84
44
u
1
07
UKDBB CAJLL OF AUOU8T 4, 1808. FOB 800.000 MILITIA.
A1ab«na
Arisona
Arkannas
California
Colorado
CcnnectioQt
7
Dakota
Delawaro
8
District of Colambla . .
Florida
Georgia
lUinda
TF»)1#nA
Iowa
Xansas
Kentacky
Lonlelana
Maine
8
Maryland
Maaeachnsetto
17
1
Michigan
MinoescU
1
4
1
Mieeiiiaippi
MiMoSrl...:::::.::.::.
Nvbraska
Nevada
Kew Hampshiro
New Jersey
2
11
8
"Kew Mex V-o ,.,.»»,,,
New York
2
North Carolina
Ohio
Ongon
PennsylTania
15
2
2
Khodo Island
Sonth Carolina
Tennessee
Texaa
■•••■•
••••••
1022
OORRESPOKDENCB, VTC.
Tablb jy.—EaMbU of the number of
%nized and muttered into the
Uion — Contixmed.
of the United Statee cfc
inrDXB CALL OF AUQUST 4. IMS, VOB Ml,000 MZLTdA-OaBtiBMi.
TaUntry.
OanOxy.
Aitiltefy.
StetM and Terrltoriet.
1
:
n
1
1
i
]togim«ti.
BattellHM.
<h.*>i«
1
1
1
1
i
1
Yennoiit
S
VflrrlfiU
WMhington Territory.
WMt T&glnU
WlMmntln
1
......
vtvat ArmT CoriM
U. S.ydlimtMn
17. 8. Colored Troon . .
■
Total
n
9
1
4
s
UBBKR CALL OF JV^V^^^^lO^BI^O^^l^^^^U UAMXLAjnK
Alalnm* ....... r.
Arisona
Arkanaaa
Califonil*
Colonido
Cooneotloat
Dakota
IMawan
Diatriet ofColambla. . .
*
piorida
Gearsia
mioois
•••
Tndiana
4
......
Indian Tonitorr
Iowa
ICaaaan
Kentacky
Loniaiana
*
Haine
1 '" '
liaryland
9
6
..... |.... -
Ifichisan
MinnMoto
IfiaaiaaippI
IfflMonrf . TT
Berada
ITew Hampabire
Ifew Jersoy
ITewHozloo
Ifew York
ITorth CaroUaa
Ohio
9
8
......
Orogon
PmnnTlTaoia. .........
8
8
8
I
8
Bhodolaland
Sooth Carolina
Tenneaaao
Tf^xaa ..••.■••...•••....
Yermont
Vtrdnla
WashloKton Territory.
West VIrsin]*
1
1
Wlaoonaln
ST^Sntiw?;.:::::
n. B. Colored TitMnM .. .
Total
8
8
8
4
1
U
•
UinON AUTHORITIES.
1023
Tablb D.— JSaeMM c/ the number cf organiKaHons-^voiunteen and mUiHa^
oraanized and muetered into the eenriee of the UniUed Staiee during the
reMUonr—OomtsnueA,
UlTDBB CALL OF OOTOBIB 17, 1888. FOB 880,000 yOLUKTXBBa
Infantry.
CaTalry.
Artfflory.
BtetMaadTttritorlas.
I)
s
1
!
n
*»
1
Bogimento.
Battallona.
Companies.
1
1
1
1
1
1
AtelMUna
Ar<««!** -
AfkUIMM
California t , . r
CoIotmIo
1
4
DaIcoU
D^lairnv
Distitot of Colombift . .
Oeorcla
niinou
1
8
8
1
Tndim*. . . . , .....
0
Tndlwi Twrltffrj
Iowa --...'
XaiiMM
1
8
Kaotaoky
1
T.<niliiiana
Haine
8
Maryland
1
Ificliigan
HinneMta
MfMimliml
MiSoarT^.::::::""..
1
1
Nebraska
Keraila
21 aw Jeraay .*...•■....•
8
2
8
Kew Mexico
Now York
8
4
7
8
8
Korih Carolina
Ohio
1
PmmtyWaniaT .........
Rhode Island
1
1
Soath Carolina ^ . .
Texaa
Vermont
1
1
1
yfrffinla --
WMhlnffton Terrltorv.
Weet Virginia
Wiaoonoin
Pint Army Corps
U.S. Volanteers.
U. 8. Colored TrooM . .
Total
18
8
80
11
1
1
8
1
TJITDBB CALLS OF FBBB0ABY 1, 1804, FOR 600.000 MEN, AND MARCH 14, 1864, FOR
800,000 MEN.
Alabama •
Arisona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Dakota
Pelswazv
District of Columbia. . .
Florida
Georgia
niinof* -T- Tt- -
8
Indiana
1024 COBBESPONDBNCE, ETC.
Tablb D.—ExM>U of the number of oroonigatow— 4»lMH<aew and miUUkh-
mused and muster^-' '^^-^ -"-^ -'• *^' rr^-**--* eu.^^ j.._. — *i-
Bion^-Oontiiiaed.
Xnized and mustered into the eermee of the United States dmrmg the
lit ^ ' ^
X7in>BR CALLS OF FEBBUART 1, 1M4, FOB 800,000 lOBV, AHD MABGH li, 1M4, FOB
900,000 MBH-OontliiiMd.
Infantry.
Cavalry.
Artfltey-
States and TerritorlM.
1
i
•J
BeghnantB.
BattaHona.
OampanlM.
1
1
1
1
1
1
TndUn T«nitorv
Iowa
TCannaa ••
1
Bkftntuo^T .....--.--.--
Lonisiaaa
MaiM
9
a
1
8
1
MarvlanA^-^-
S
8
Michigan ...,-.--
HtainMoto
1
1
MiSoSS!. 'i:r.'.!r.**.*
t
**
Kelyraska
Nevada
Nftir Hammihfre . , .
1
MewJeneV
N«w Mexico
New York
1
7
8
North Carolina
0]i{o
19
Ofegon ..........
Pjmnav1«u|l*. ..,..^^..
Bhodelaland
Sooth Carolina
TonnmBoo .............
Vannont....... ..•«.. •
Yirsinia
WaahingtonT^fiory
WeatTirsinIa
Wiaoonain
4
1
t
First Annv Coma .....
U.&Volnnteera
TT. S. Colorad Traona. . .
'
Xotal
12
17
11
18
8
5
s
UKDBB CALLS OF 1804 FOB 100-DATS' TBOOP&
Alabama ..i..*i«tt....
Arisona -.—
ATkannaa
California
Colorado
Conneotioat . .... ....
Dakota
8
Iriatriot of Colombia. . .
Florida
nSrsr::::;::::!'.*.*.;"
18
8
a
*
Indiana
Indian Tarrltorv
Iowa
4
1
1
Kanf^t
Kentucky
TiOniaiana .............
ICnliie
•*..••
Marrland . . ....rr
a
6
8
......
Michigan
......
Mlnn^ta
MiMlaaiDDi
iSSISf..,;;;;;;::::::
••••••
;::;;;i::::;:
UHION AUTHOBITIES.
1026
Table B.— -IMtM of lAe iMiin&er of oraammKoiw-^ooliitifoera an^ mOMor^
organisied and mtutered itUo the 9erwoe of the United Statee during the
rvoeStofi'— CantinuecL
UVDSE QAIXB OV IMA VOB 1«^1>ATS' TB00P8-0«B«bnMd.
Iiilteti7-
Gbvidry. «
Axtflkty.
BtetMUdTwfitotlea.
j
1
1
1
A
1
Bagbnenta.
B.MI_
OonpMilaa.
1
1
1
1
1
1
N»brMk» •
Ni^TAda
If6W Jcrasy «•>»••••••
1
K«wll«zioo
New York
10
2
1
V^TiAk Ctnltiui . . . r . t
Ohio
42
OnffOB ....>•....*•«*■•
PetBOSTlraiilft
6
1
t
5
1
1
Bhod« island
Rovth Cafi>liBft
ToniiMMO • « •
ToUM
YermoDt
vtTginia T. .......
WaAhinatcok TArritorr .
Wwt Vinrliii* ."..
»
Ffnt Army Cwm . . . t ^
IT. 8. Volimteera . . ....
U. & Oolond Troop*. . .
Totol
96
2
18
6
1
2
T7KDEB CALL OF JULY U, 1864, TOB 600,000 HBK.
Alabama
Arfioiia ..............
Arkannaa
■■
California r...,,.T
Colocado
1
-pnkota
DeUwara
Diatrict of Columbia. . .
Fknlda
Q^OTgla
Tllinola r.., ,
2
2
Indiana
1
Indian TMxitory
lowT..."!!!:.:"...
ICaDAaa
Kantuoky
8
1
T^nnlfln^il, , ,,.,
Halna
86
4
8
M#»7iand
IfiaiiacihnMtta
2
Mlobigan
0
1
M1nn«flOta
2
1
Miaaiaaipiii
MiMoSff.....:..:;::::.
11
Kabraaka
Kevada
NawBampahira
KawJeraey
1
2
1
NawMaz&o
Kaw York
8
41
2
1
ITortkCazollsa
Ohio
11
Oragon
Pannaflraiiia* .•••..-- .
13
2
•■•■••
TtK^^fl^'TMl^.yl
6
•>•■••
•••••■
•■•■••
•■••■•
■•••••
...•••
65 B B— 8BBIS8 m, VOL V
1026
COBRESPOlfDENCE, 1STC.
Table jy.—EachibU of the number of orMni2aiiona'--volunieer9 and mUUia-^
Xnized and mustered into the eermee of the United States during the
Hon — Gontixmed.
UNDER CALL OF JULY 18, 1864, FOR 600,000 MKK-CODtiniMd.
Infantry.
Caralry.
Artmeiy.
States and Territories.
;
OQ
i
j
1
I
4*
Reglmenti.
CoBIMUliaB.
1
t
04
i
1^
1
1
South Carolina
-'
Texas •'••••••••••■t...
Vermont
Virginia
Waahington Tttxltozy .
West Virginia
I
6
Wisconsin
U.S. Volunteers
TT. 8. Colond TrooDfl . . .
Total
66
M
8
8
7
1
1
"
UNDER GALL OF DECEMBER 19, 1804, FOR 800,000 ONE, TWO. AND THREE TEARS* XXV.
Alabama
ArliFOna --r ---
California
Colorado
Conne«ttont --
Dakota
Ddawaxv..
Pifltrict of Oolnmbla.
Florida
Georgia.
Illinms
10
14
51
Indiana
......
Indian Tenitory
Iowa .'
Kansas
1
Kentncky
T^nffff&pi^ ,,. ,
Maine
Maryland
a
Michigan •
Mlnn<«ota
1
1
Mississimii
Misson^'
1
Nebraska
Nevada
"J^^^ Hampshire
New jersey
1
New Mexico
New York
8
1
North Carolina
"
Ohio
14
Pennsylvania. .........
8
76
^fi^fTTsland
South Carolina
Tennessee..*.*.
Texas
......
Vermont
Virginia
Washington Territory.
TVMt VH>ffh||fL
Wisconsin .............
a
First Arm V Coma ..... .
u™v3StSS!::::;:
U. 8. Colored Tnwpt ..
Total
64
188
8
1
UiaON AUTHOBITIE&
1027
Tjalb D.— JBbMM of fh^ niMM&er of orgcmiKiluma— voiunleer* oiui m^lilut—
rtused oiui muffareei tnto t^ Mro»oe o/ tAe VniUd States during the
^ atiniied.
UNDSB BPECLLL CALLS AND 0F1SB8, IMt-'M. FOB VOLUVTXXBS AND MILmA.
Infiuitiy.
CaTalry.
Artllkry.
BtetM and T«nltoriM.
j
1
}
t
« 8
BasinMDts.
BaMationa.
Companies.
i
1
1
4i
!
1
AlabttBUi
8
1
AriamiA
1
1
ArknuM
2
8
1
4
8
8
1
Callftmlft ••■
1
Oo]«n4l« T. .
1
1
]>Bkote
3
PelawaM
TMatriflt ni ColnniMA . .
9
40
— "j"
1
1
1
piorUJA
QeoniA
8
TllhWU .......r.....r..
18
8
ImliAiui
1
1
1
Indian TcBiUny
8
18
Kcntooky
13
4
1
a
a
T^nlalMin
1
'"io*
lf#ifi«
8
IfMTlMid
16
7
1
8
Michigan
Minn«aoto
UtafflMliml
1
18
a
SizriTry*^
87
11
88
a
a
yi^braak*
1
8
ir«Tad*
8
4
U
2
2lew JoriaT..
1
KftwMamo
6
88
4
6
1
15
8
1
New York
8
North CteoUnn
*
Ohio
1
Oracon >
1
4
1
3
1
8
3
1
3
1
9
Bhodi^ Island
flmiih Canlim. . . . r
16
13
3
8
a
a
1
T«aa ...........
Vennoni
Viiglni*
1
1
8
WMtvftwInlf^ .
Wivmrntin r
FiiaiArmyCwiia
U. fl. yoliinte«ra7.
8
8
183
U.&OoioredTroopa...
4
7
13
10
Toial
888
15
148
86
6
88
1
18
1
38
23
1028
OOBBBSPONDEVCEy ETC.
Tabu B.—ExhOrU of the number of organUBaHof»---ifohaUeere amd mOiMs—
oToamixed and mustered i$ito the eerviee of the UwUed Siatee dmrimg tfce
reoeOiOfi^-Coiitlniied.
BSCAPITUULTIOV.
Infioitiy.
CeTtfiy.
▲rtHkiy.
BtetMUdTttRitOKlM.
j
j
1
1
1
4» .
BegtaeantB.
Brttritona
tap.^
1
1
1
i
i
1
AlAhamft
a
1
Aiiwnui
1
1
ArkaiMM
9
8
1
17
4
a
8
1
OiifArnia .-,,--..
1
Golondo
1
4
1
3
.....
0
2
3
I
Bakote
DolAwarB
0
a
8
40
1
......
1
1
Plfttrlfft «f CoIhuMa. . .
1
1
I
Florid*
0«orglA.
3
07
TllfnS*
156
188
8
45
0
47
4
81
18
88
87
18
15
11
18
1
88
11
TwIlMlft
IndUa Tenltory
Iowa ••........
......
8
84
8
8
17
a
a
1
5
11
a
I
a8
a
3
4
4
7
KWMM •-
Kmitnoky
TjirniiiMui
1
......
*"48"
5
88
0
8
Ifaine
8
8
7
3
10
1
7
5
10
14
8
t
lltfTland
4
1
g
IClobinui
MinnMoto
1
iriMiHlvpl.......
mSSm^tT ■
75
11
41
8
3
1
0
a
1
8
KeTMla
8
10
U
New Hampshir*
17
87
0
845
4
818
1
188
8
1
8
1
38
1
1
0
2
NftwMftXMO
New York
87
5
a
18
8
11
Vffiih OrrilMi . . r . . . . .
Ohio
as
18
1
84
a
18
1
3
38
Onffon . ...... . .
5
oa
0
1
3
18
3
1
1
4
3
a
0
3
1#
Bhodelaknd
South Caiolin*
TimnnMon . ,
10
la
a
1
8
3
3
1
T«VM . .r--
Vennont .. ...........
10
1
8
1
8
3
1
1
8
1
YfrgiBi*...!
WMhlngton Territory.
WmtVhvlnle
18
54
8
0
188
4
8
0
U
WlMoniin
1
4
Firtt Army Oorpe
IT.&OoloredTroope...
4
7
13
10
*•*"
Qnadtotid
1.008
81
804
883
8
183
8
44
6
1
MO
88
UNION AUTH0BITIE8.
1029
Tablb D.— JSefciMt of the number of oramiiUiHon^-^fohinteert and mUUior-
ifrganiged and muHered into the eervlce of the United States during the
reoeUfoii— Continaed.
SBOAPITULATIOK-CoBtfaiiMd.
CttlU under whioh fUrnlabed.
Apr. 15,1861
MJK^f % and acta of July S2
and 25, 1861
July 2, 1862
Aag.4. 1802
Jane 19. 186S
Oct. 17. 1868
Feb. 1 and Mar. 14, U64 .....
1804, for 100-daja' troopa ....
July 18, 1864
Dec. 19, 1864
8|ieo1al, 1861-'64
Grand total
Influttiy.
104
846
72
8
18
12
86
66
64
388
21
If
17
42
24
6
2
8
17
18
94
128
149
OaTalry.
282
!
122
Artillery.
Companiea.
129
57
2
6
8
5
2
1
1
22
244
THOMAS M. VINCENT,
Aeeistant AdjiUant^Oeneral,
Wab, Departxsnt, Adjutant-Gsns&al'^ Offics,
November i, 1S66.
Adjt. Gen. '8 Office, Bttbbau for Colored Troops,
OcM^er 20, 1866.
The Adjutant-General U. S. Army:
General: I have the honor to submit the following report of the
operations of this Bureau for the past year:
On referring to the last annual report from this office it will be seen
that there were at that time in service ninety-eight regiments and six
light batteries of colored troops, numbering in aU, officers and enlisted
men, 85,024.
During the past year there have been mustered out of service
seventy-nine regiments and six light batteries, which, with the inci-
dental losses sustained during the year by the regiments still
retained, gives an aggregate r^uction of 72,039 officers and men,
leaving in service at this date eighteen regiments of infantry and one
of artillery, numbering in the aggregate 12,985. Of this force five
regiments of infantry are now under orders for muster out of service,
which will reduce the number in service, on or about the 1st of next
November, to thirteen regiments of infantry and one of artillery,
numbering about 10,000, commissioned and enlisted. The statistical
table recently submitted will show when and where the several organ-
izations were mustered out, where finally paid and discharged, and
the numerical strength of each at date of discharge.
RBliARKS UPON STATISTICAL TABLE, AND EXTRACTS THEREFROM.*
The statistical table to which reference has been made has required
much labor in its preparation, and where doubts have arisen as to the
*The casualties embodied in the table here presented are still undergoing re-
yision in the War Department and should not he accepted as concloBive.
1080
COfiRE8POin)ENCE, ETC.
fate of any officer or enlisted man the leoordB have been carefoUy
examined and comiutred and the facts elicited. The table is presented
with the belief that it may be received as the nearest possible approx-
imation to the tnith. Some of the items contained therein are
thought to be of sufficient general interest to warrant their presenta-
tion as below.
Vonbar.
jfta^par
OfVlOBMS.
t,4U
91
4
497
488.88
RMiraiMl and dlMharrml
•B-U
TManTiMMl And dropped
88.81
Died " .'
17.88
Kiltod in aotian
18L1I8
MlMinff In antiini
8.88
Kowln^MTTioe
71.48
A.964
SfLtSraD UMK,
Mnstendoat
M.nt
10. 2W
81. MB
14.887
1,514
1,844
868
11.488
61144
IMtflharnd (nrinflinnlW for nh TiiiqU diMbilitr)
118.18
187.88
BeMTtod
87.18
Killed- in Mstion
8.81
11 ifloinc in action
7.81
TruwfSmd to NaTT
117
Kowinaervioe
7181
Mnatered in during the robelUon
188. «M
Of the officers it will be seen that the killed and missing in action
constitute about 1.3 per cent, of the whole number in service. The loss
sustained by the enlisted men from the same causes is about nine-
tenths of one per cent, killed and nearly four-fifths of one per cent
missing.
About 2.7 per cent, of the officers and nearly 19 per cent, of the
enlisted men died in service. The proportion of those who died
from wounds cannot well be determined at this office.
Thirty-six percent, of the officers were discharged before expiration
of term of service and about 12 x)er cent, of the enlisted men — ^the
latter principally in consequence of physical disability.
The number of enlisted men who deserted is about eight and three-
fourths per cent.
COMMISSIONS UNDER THE A0T8 APPROVED FEBRUARY 24^ 1864, AND
JULY 28, 1866.
The discontinuation of the commission for the State of Delaware,
appointed by the Secretary of War under act of Congress approved
February 24, 1864, was noted in my last annual report.
A synopsis of the transactions of the commission for the State of
Maryland from the date of its organization to the date of the last
annual report was therein presented. From that date up to November
30, 1865, at which time the commission was discontinued, 100 claims
were presented, upon ninety-six of which the commission made awards
amounting in the aggregate to $28,400. As the result of the labors of
both commissions there are now on file in this office 804 claims, upon
which awards have been made amounting in the aggregate to 1235,683.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 1031
Under the act of Congress approved Jnly 28, 1866, the payment of
these claims, and all others that may hereafter be acted npon by like
commissions, must be deferred nntil the final reports of all the com-
missions for the several States shall have been received.
For further details upon this subject, and also for an account of thQ
money received and disbursed, attention is respectfully invited to the
report of Bvt. Lieut. Col. A. F. Rockwell, disbursing oificer for the
Bureau, which is herewith, marked A.*
To my assistants, Bvt. Lieut. Col. F. W. Taggard and Bvt. Lieut,
Col. A. F. Rockwell, and also to the clerical force employed in the
office, I desire here to make due acknowledgments for able and effi-
cient assistance cheerfully rendered and for constant and assiduous
application to duty.
I have the honor to be, very resi)ectf ully, your obedient servant,
C. W. FOSTER,
Assistant AdjiUantrQeneral, U. 8. Volunteers.
War DEPARTBffENT,
Washington Ciiy, November H^ 1866.
Mr. President: Disbandment of the volunteer forces in service at
the time the rebel armies surrendered; collecting the arms, ordnance,
and military stores scattered over the vast theater of war; the sale
and disposition of unserviceable material; storing in arsenals, maga-
zines, and depots that which might be used; settling and adjusting
war claims; recruiting and organizing the Regular Army under the
recent act ; the establishment of posts and garrisons on the frontier
and in the Indian country; testing the various improvements of
breech-loading small-arms, and supplying them to the Army; prac-
tical experiments to determine the destructive power of projectiles
and the comx)arative resisting qualities of materials; completing sea-
board defenses and providing them with armaments; planning and
carrying on harbor and river improvements — ^these, with the adminis-
tration of the laws relating to refugees, freedmen, and abandoned
lands, have constituted the chief operations of the War Department
during the past year.
The entire number of volunteer troops to be mustered out was, on
May 1, 1865, 1,034,064, and my last annual report recounted the oper-
ation of disbanding this force until November 15, 1865, when 800,963
ti'oops had been transported, mustered out, and paid. The work
was actively continued after that date, and on January 20, 1866,
918,722 volunteers had been mustered out; February 15, 952,452;
March 10, 967,887; May 1, 986,782; June 30, 1,010,670; November 1,
1,023,021 — leaving in service 11,043 volunteers, white and colored.
The aggregate r^uction of the colored troops during the year has
been 75,024, and at this date one regiment of artillery and thirteen of
infantry, numbering about 10,000 officers and enlisted men, remain
in the service. Commenced in May, 1865, the work of discharging
and returning to their homes 1,034,064 volunteers would have been
completed within three months but for the necessity of retaining in
service part of that force. Past experience shows that, should any
national emergency require a larger force than is provided by the
peace establishment, armies could be swiftly organized to at least the
full strength of a million of men.
* Omitted.
1032 OOBBE8PONDENCE, BTC.
The reduction of the Army has been attended by a corresponding
reduction of material and retrenchment of expenditures. The
advanced dei)ots of the Quartermaster's Department, which had been
established as bases of operations, have been broken up; the g^reater
part of the material sold at advantageous rates or concentrated in
five principal dex)ots and arsenals, and all unnecessary employes dis-
charged. From May 1, 1865, to August 2, 1866, over 207,000 horses
and mules were sold for $15,269,075.54. About 4,400 barracks, hos-
pitals, and other buildings have been sold during the year for
$447,873.14. The sale of irregular and damaged clothing in store pro-
duced during the fiscal year the sum of $902,770.45. The fleet of 590
ocean transports in service on July 1, 1865, at a daily expense of
$82,400, was reduced before June 30, 1866, to 53 vessels, costing
$3,000 per diem, and most of these have since been discharged— ocean
transportation being now almost entirely conducted by established
commercial lines of steamers. Of 262 vessels which had been employed
in inland transi>ortation, at an expense of $3,193,533.28, none were
remaining in service on June 30, 1866; sales of river transports,
steamers, and barges during the year are reported as amounting to
$1,152,895.92. The rates of wagon transportation in the Indian coun-
try have also been reduced by favorable contracts. The military
railroads, which were operated during the war at a total expenditure
of $45,422,719.15, and which are officially rex)orted to have reached an
extent of 2,630} miles, and to have x)ossessed 433 engines and 6,605
cars, have all been transferred to companies or boards of public works,
upon condition of the adoption of loyal organizations of directors.
Gash sales of railroad equipment to the amount of $3,466,739.33 are
rei>orted, and credit sales of $7,444,073. 22. Upon the latter there have
been paid, principal and interest, $1,200,085.18; leaving due to the
United States on June 30, 1866, principal and interest, $6,570,074.05.
The military telegraph, which attained an extent of 15,389 miles of
lines constructed during the period of hostilities, with a total expend-
iture of $3,219,400 during the war, and $567,637 during the last fiscal
year, has been discontinued, the material sold and disi)osed of, and
the employes discharged, only a few confidential operators being still
retained for cipher correspondence with commanders of important
districts.
Such subsistence stores as could not be retained for supplying the
reduced Army have for the most part been sold at satisfactory prices.
The sale of unserviceable and surplus stores pertaining to the Sig-
nal Corps has been effected; most of the officers have been mustered
out and the employ^ discharged.
All the temx)orary ordnance depots established during the war, with
the exception of that at Hilton Head, where the work is in progress
but not completed, have been discontinued, and the supplies have
been sent to arsenals for storage, or, when not worth the cost of trans-
portation, have been sold. The expenditures at arsenals have been
greatly diminished and their operations limited.
General hospitals, hospital transports and railroad trains, ambu-
lance corps, and a number of medical purveying depots have been
dispensed with, and all perishable articles of medicines and hospital
supplies, in excesss of the requirements of a peace establishment,
have been disposed of by public sale at advantageous rates, and
the reserved supplies concentrated at five dei>ot8. The proceeds of
old or surplus medical and hospital property amount to $4,044,261.59.
uinoK AUTHoscriEs. 1083
But the sale and disposition of these large amounts of nnservice-
able and perishable stores still leave on hand an adequate supply of
war material to meet any emergency that oan possibly arise. The
stock of dothing, equipage, quartermaster'Sy subsistence, hospital,
and ordnance stores, arms, ammunition, and field artillery is suffi-
cient for the immediate equipment of large armies. The disbanded
troops stand ready to resi>ond to the national call, and, with our vast
means of transportation and rapid organization developed during the
war, they can be organized, armed, equipped, and concentrated at
whatever points military emergency may require. While, therefore,
the war expenaeB have been reduced to the footing of a moderate and
economical peace establishment, the national military strength
remains unimpaired and in condition to be promptly put forth.
While the reduction of the volunteer force and the advantageous
disposition or concentration of war material were thus successfully
accomplished without diminishing the military power of the country,
recruiting and reorganizing the Regular Army favorably progressed.
In consequence of the difficulty in procuring enlistments for the
regular while so many men were required for the volunteer service
153 companies of the Regular Army, as then authorized, were unorgan-
ized on May 31, 1865, but in the middle of the following July these
comiMinies had been completed. Under the act of July 28, 1866, the
Regular Army now comprises 10 regiments, or 120 companies, of cav-
alry, 5 regiments, or 60 companies, of artillery, and 45 regiments, or
450 companies, of infantry; of which 2 cavalry and 4 infantry regi-
ments are composed of colored men, and 4 infantry regiments of men
who were wounded in the line of their duty. One regiment of white
cavalry had been fully recruited on September 15 ; the other regiment,
assigned to the Pacific Coast, is very nearly completed. For^-eight
of &e fifty-four companies required to convert into regiments the
single battalions of the nine three-battalion regiments of the former
organization have been completed and sent to their regiments. The
four Veteran Reserve regiments have been assigned to districts where
the men may be usefully employed in guarding store-houses and cem-
eteries and on similar duties. The colored regiments will be recruited,
as far as i)Ossible, from the colored volunteers still in service. The
law authorizes an assignment of 100 privates to a company as the
maximum, fifty being the minimum, and the maximum strength of
the Army is thus placed at 75,382, rank and file. The present
strength of companies is fixed at 64 privates for cavalry, artillery,
and infantry, and 122 privates for light batteries of artillery, making
an aggregate strength of 54,302. As soon as the ranks shall be weU
filled it is designed to increase the efficiency of the military force by
raising the standard of qualifications.
The troops in service were regularly paid, and the demands of those
discharged and mustered out promptly met. During the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1866, $10,431,004.42 were disbursed to the Army and
Military Academy, $248,943,313.36 to volunteers; and in the dis-
bursement of millions of dollars in small sums, and amid great diffi-
culties and hazards, the total cost to the Government, in expenses of
every character, is but a fractional x)ortion of 1 per cent.
£very effort has been made to promote the comfort and health of
the Army and to give the best medical treatment to the wounded and
sick. Well-grounded apprehensions of the appearance of Asiatic
cholera as an epidemic early in the present year required prompt
1034 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
action for the protection of our troops. A rigid military quarantine was
established on the southern Atlantic Coast and sanitary precantions
enforced. The adoption of these measures availed to control or eradi-
cate the disease at the recruiting depots and forts where it appeared
before it assumed its usual alarming epidemic form; and official
recognition has been given to the meritorious services of medical offi-
cers whose fidelity, energy, and skillful administration succeeded in
averting or diminishing the horrors of widespread pestilence. In
other resi)ects the general health of the troops has been good. Among
white troops the proportion of deaths, from all causes, to cases treated
has been one to every fifty-two. Among the colored troops the pro-
portion of cases taken sick has been greater than with the white
troops, and the mortality rate one death to every twenty-nine cases
treated. There were remaining in general hospitals June 30, 1865,
and admitted during the year 64,438 i)atients, of \vhom, on June 30,
1866, only ninety-seven remained under treatment. The comfort and
proper medical treatment of the sick and wounded are secured in
well-arranged post hospitals, of which there are at present 187, with a
total capacity of 10,881 beds.
Measures have been adopted for the purpose of providing suitable
Shelter for the troops now stationed on the plains, and for those which
may be ordered thither, and to prevent suffering during the winter.
The Army has been well supplied with forage, about one-half the
quantity having been supplied from the stock remaining on hand at
the cessation of hostilities. The consumption for the year has been
3,300,000 bushels of oats, 5,001,000 bushels of com, 136,000 tons of
hay, 2,700 tons of straw.
Subsistence stores of good quality have been supplied to the Army,
and though the larger part has been obtained at the principal market
centers of the Northern States, yet the general return of the citizens,
North and South, to the productiveness of peace, and the consequent
reopening of the customary channels and sources of trade, have
enabled a partial resumption of the course of procuring supplies at
the points where they are to be consumed. Eighty-nine contracts for
fresh beef have been made in the Southern States at a general average
price of 11.06 cents per pound, and in the interior of those States
other articles, to a small extent, have been purchased. The market
at New Orleans is now so well furnished, and has so far resumed a
healthful mercantile condition, as to render it possible to procure
there, at satisfactory prices, most of the subsistence stores required in
the Department of the Gulf. On the Pacific Coast, for several years
after California was admitted to the Union, all the supplies for troops
there stationed were requiwd to be shipi)ed from New York, but an
ample and reliable market, comprising the products of California and
Oregon and the foreign countries bordering upon the same ocean, is
now- found in San Francisco, and most of the subsistence stores for
troops in the Division of the Pacific have been there obtained. In
general the subsistence supplies purchased during the year have been
procured upon contracts, concluded in pursuance of advertisements
for sealed proposals, written proposals, and acceptances.
The importance of speedily providing the Army with breech-loading
small-arms of the best pattern has been recognized and acted upon.
By an order of January 3, 18G6, a board of competent officers was
convened for the purpose of examining, testing, and reporting on
the various models of original breech-loaders, and the various ^ans
UNION AUTHORITIES. 1085
for the conversion into breech-loaders of the arms heretofore borne
by our troops. This board met on March 10 and continued in session
until June 4, when its report was submitted, and directions have been
given the Ordnance DeiMkrtment for the speedy manufacture of breech-
loading arms. In view of the great number of small-arms on hand,
it has been deemed advisable to convert Springfield rifle muskets, at
a comparatively small cost, into efiicient breech-loaders, rather than
to incur the cost of the entire manufacture of new arms of that
description, at a time, too, when the invention may not have been
perfected. This alteration of the Springfield musket has been effected
80 successfully as to render it an arm believed to be better in all
respects than the Prussian needle-gun, while its metallic ammunition
is regarded as superior to that of the latter. The Department has
already on hand breech-loaders of approved patterns adequate for the
supply of the cavalry and mounted and light infantry.
Besides the measures that have been mentioned to provide for the
comfort and promote the efiiciency of the Army, stated monthly
inspections have been made in eveiy military command during the
year, with a view to bring to notice and promptly remedy any irregu-
larities and defects; and numerous special inspections have also been
made throughout the whole country for the purpose of correcting
abuses, suggesting improvements, and effecting retrenchment in the
service. The insi)ection service has not been changed by the return
to peace. The system developed during the war, meeting the require-
ments as nearly as practicable, is still continued.
The present organization of military departments and divisions is
asfoUows:
The DejMkrtment of the East, Maj. G^n. Greorge 6. Meade to com-
mand, to embrace the New England States, New York, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, and Fort Delaware. Headquarters at Philadelphia.
The Department of the Lakes, Brig, and Bvt. Maj. Gen. Joseph
Hooker to command, to embrace the States of Ohio, Michigan, Indi-
ana, Illinois, and Wisconsin. Headquarters at Detroit.
The Department of Washington, Brig, and Bvt. Maj. Gen. E. R. S.
Canby to command, to embrace the District of Columbia, Alexandria
and Fairfax Counties, Ya., and the States of Maryland and Delaware,
except Fort Delaware. Headquarters at Washington.
The Department of the Potomac, Brig, and Bvt. Maj. Gen. John M.
Schofield to command, to embrace the States of Virginia, except
Alexandria and Fairfax Counties, and West Virginia. Headquarters
at Richmond.
The Department of the South, Maj. Gen. Daniel E. Sickles to com-
mand, to embrace the States of North and South Carolina. Head-
quarters at Charleston.
The Department of the Tennessee, Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas to
command, to embrace the States of Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia,
Alabama, and Mississippi. Headquarters at Louisville.
The Department of the Gulf, Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan to com-
mand, to embrace the States of Florida, Louisiana, and Texas.
Headquarters at New Orleans.
The Department of the Arkansas, Brig, and Bvt. Maj. Gen. £. O. C.
Ord to command, to embrace the State of Ai'kansas and Indian Terri-
tory, west. Headquarters at Little Rock.
The Department of the Missouri, Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock
to command, to embrace the States of Missouri and Kansas and the
1036 GOBRESPOMDBNCB, ETC.
Territories of Colorado and New Mexico. Headquarters at Fort
Leavenworth.
The Department of the Platte, Brig, and Bvt. Maj. Gen. Philip
St. Qeorge Cooke to command, to embrace the State of Iowa, the
Territories of Nebraska and Utah, so much of Dakota as lies west of
the one hundred and fourth meridian, and so much of Montana as
lies contiguous to the new road from Fort Laramie to Virginia City,
Mont. Headquarters at Omaha.
The Department of Dakota, Brig, and Bvt. Maj. Gen. A. II. Terry to
command, to embrace the State of Minnesota and all the Territories
of Dakota and Montana not embraced in the Department of the Platte.
Headquarters at Fort Snelling.
The Department of California, Brig, and Bvt. Maj. Gen. Irvin
McDowell to command, to embrace the States of California and
Nevada and the Territory of Arizona. Headquarters at San Francisco.
The Department of the Columbia, Maj. Gen. Frederick Steele to
command, to embrace the State of Oregon and the Territories of
Washington and Idaho. Headquarters at Portland.
The principal movements of troops have been in Texas, on the
Mexican frontier, and in the Territories, the details of which are
given in the accompanying report of General Grant,* commanding the
Armies of the United States, and the reports of division and depart-
ment commanders, to which reference is made. General Grant
reports that a military force has been kept in all the lately rebellious
States for the purposes of insuring the execution of law and protect-
ing life and property against the acts of those who as yet will
acknowledge no law but force — a, class smaller, in his opinion, than
could have been exx)ected after such a conflict as that through which
we have passed, but sufficiently formidable to justify the course
which has been pursued. Military movements have also been directed
with a view to the protection of emigrants on their way to the moun-
tain Territories against the hostility and opposition of the Indians.
Besides the operations thus recapitulated, of reduction, concentra-
tion, retrenchment, and reorganization of the military establishment,
and payment, complete equipment, and disposition of the Army,
other matters of national importance and interest have received the
careful attention of the War Department.
The permanent defenses of the country have been strengthened.
Their efficiency has already been much increased by substituting
cannon of larger caliber and improved model for lighter guns, and
wrought-iron for wooden gun carriages. This work is still in progress,
and will be continued. Diligent and careful efforts, based upon the
designs and recommendations of competent boards of engineers, have
been made to adapt old works, as well as those in process of construc-
tion, to more powerful armaments. Construction has been suspended
upon some works in order to await the completion of important
experiments having in view the extensive use of iron shields or armor
for the protection of guns and gunners. The results already attained
give the promise of a practical and highly beneficial application of
the knowledge obtained by these trials.
Surveys of the lakes have been continued, and progress has already
been made in improving the harbors and rivers of the countr>\ The
work will be energetically prosecuted under the liberal appropriations
made at the last session of Congress.
*See November 21, p. 1045.
TTNION AUTHOBinSS. 1087
Active and careful meacmres have been instituted for snooessfully
and 8X)eedily carrying into eflTect the generous proyisions of Congress
for the benefit of sui-viving soldiers of the war for the Union. The
subject of the pa3rment of extra bounties to discharged soldiers and
extra x>ay to discharged officers has received assiduous attention.
The recent law devolvlDg upon the War Department, instead of the
accounting officers of the Treasury, the duties of examination and set-
tlement of claims of this nature imposed a vast accumulation of labor
and required the consideration of numerous acts of Congress and the
regulations and practice of several bureaus. Upon the proper per-
formance of these extraordinary labors depends the disbursement of
nearly $80,000,000 among more than 1,000,000 claimants. Soon after
the adjournment of Congress a competent board of officers was organ-
ized to prepare rules and regulations for the payment of the author-
ized bounties. Diligent application was given to the work, and the
regulations, having been found to be in strict accordance with law,
were promptly approved, published, and directed to be carried into
eflTect. To the same board the subject of bounties for colored sol-
diers was also referred, with a view to provide any additional checks
that might guard the bounty from fraudulent assignees and secure it
to colored soldiers and protect the Treasury against fraud; and when
the report was received payment of the bounties was ordered. As to
the other class of bounties, the Paymaster-Greneral regards it imprac-
ticable to make payment until all applications shall have been received
and claims classified and registered by States and oi^nizations, but by
this preliminary process the ultimate payment of all will, it is believed,
be greatly expedited. Attempted otherwise, probably the work would
never be fully accomplished. Of the valuable public records by
which the validity of the bounty claims is to be tested, there is in the
archives of the Government but one copy, already much worn, for
each period. An examination for each individual case would soon
reduce them to illegible shreds.
The duty of the Government to the soldiers who have been maimed
or have fallen in its defense has not been neglected. Much care has
been taken, by precautions and practical tests, to secure for the for-
mer the most durable, useful, and comfortable artificial limbs. From
July 16, 1862, the date of the act of Congress authorizing artificial
limbs to be furnished, to July 1, 1866, there have been supplied to
disabled soldiers 3,981 legs, 2,240 arms, 9 feet, 55 hands, 125 surgical
apparatus, and it is supposed that not more than 1,000 limbs remain
still to be supplied, at an estimated cost of $70,000. In order to
include unfortunate cases in which, from the nature of the injury or
operation, no limb or other surgical appliance can be advantageously
adopted, the Surgeon-General has recommended that if the appropria-
tion for this purpose shall be continued, the money value of an arti-
ficial limb, in lieu of an order for the apparatus, be given to the
maimed soldier. Forty-one national military cemeteries have been
established, and into these had already been gathered, on June 30,
the remains of 104,526 Union soldiers. The sites for ten additional
cemeteries have been selected, and the work upon them, for some time
delayed by the climate and a threatened epidemic, is now in course of
vigorous prosecution. Although it may not be desirable to remove
the remains of those now reposing in other suitable burial grounds, it
is estimated that our national cemet.eries will be required to receive
and protect the remains of 249,397 patriotic soldiers whose lives were
1038 COBBE8PONDENCE, ETC.
saorifioed in defense of oar national existence. The average cost of
the removals and reinterments already accomplished is rei>orlied at
$9.75, amounting in the aggregate to $1,144,791, and it is believed
that an additional expenditore of $1,609,294 will be necessary. It is
proposed, instead of the wooden headboards heretofore used, to eieet
at the graves small monuments of cast iron, suitably protected by Einc
coating against rust. Six lists of the dead, containing 32,666 names,
have been published by the Quartermaster-General, and others will
be issued as rapidly as they can be prepared.
Documents submitted by the chiefs of bureaus and accompanying
this report contain detailed information relative to the operations of
the War Department and the requirements of its respective branches.
The total estimate of military appropriations for the fiscal year end-
ing June 30, 1868, is $25,205,669.60.
The Adjutant-General's Of&ce has immediate supervision of recruit-
ing for the Regular Army and disbanding the volunteer force, and
charge also of the records and unfinished business of the Provost-
Marshal-General's Bureau, which, in accordance with act of July 28,
1866, was discontinued on August 28. Arrangements have been made
for the prompt settlement of the undetermined questions formerly
pertaining to that Bureau and for the removal to Washington of the
records of its of&oes in the various States. The estimated appropria-
tion required for the purposes of the Adjutant-General's Office is
$300,000.
The officers of the Inspector-General's Department are now thoee of
the regular establishment, and they are all engaged in their legitimate
duties of stated and special inspections. No appropriation is required
for this service.
In the Bureau of Military Justice during the past year 8,148 rec-
ords of courts-martial and military commissions have been received,
reviewed, and filed; 4,008 speciid reports made as to the regularity of
judicial proceedings, the pardon of military offenders, the remission or
commutation of sentences, and upon the miscellaneous subjects and
questions referred for the opinion of the Bureau, including also let-
ters of instruction upon military law and practice to jud^-advocates
and reviewing officers. The number of records of military courts
received at this Bureau reached a minimum soon after the adoption
of the recent Army act, and since that time has increased with the
military force. The other business of the office, as an advisory
branch of the War Department, will also, it is believed, continue to
be augmented until the peace establishment shall be completely organ-
ized and the new Army fully recruited; and the fact t&t in a laiige
number of important cases commanders of dei>artments and armies
are not authorized to execute sentences in time of peace, and that
such cases can no longer be summarily disposed of without a reference
to the Executive, will also require from the Bureau a very consider-
able number of reports which heretofore have not been called for. Its
aggi'egate business will, it is thought, not be reduced in proportion to
the reduction of the military force.
In the Quartermaster's Department the returns and accounts of
officers responsible for clothing and equipage during the year have
been examined and transmitted to the Treasury for final settlement
The erection of the fireproof warehouse at Philadelphia, for which
Congress made an appropriation on July 28, will be commenced so
soon as the proposals now invited by public advertisement shall have
UKION AUTHORITIE8. 1039
been received and oomiMiTed, and antbority is desired for tbe pnr-
cbase of a site and erection of a similar stmctnre at Jeffersonvilley
Ind. Daring tbe fiscal year ocean transportation bas been f umisbed
for 131,681 men; inland transportation for 1,016,300 persons, 138,389
animals, 10,370 wbeeled vebides, and 420,000 tons of stores of all
kinds; and tbe greater part of tbe bills for transportation during tbe
war bave been settled and paid. Claims, principally under tbe act
of July 4, 1864, bave been filed during tbe year to tbe amount of over
$11,000,000, upon wbicb about $1,000,000 bave been paid. No furtber
appropriations are required for tbe regular service of tbe Quarter-
master's Department, as it is believed that tbe balances now available
and tbe sums received and to be received will suffice for tbe next
fiscal year. For contingencies tbe sum of $100,000 is requested.
Tbe Subsistence Department is engaged, under tbe joint resolution
of July 26, 1866, in paying, upon certificates given by tbe Commissary-
General of Prisoners, commutation of rations to tbose U. S. soldiers
wbo were beld as prisoners of war. Tobacco is now f umisbed to tbe
enlisted men of tbe Army under proper regulations. Tbe settlement
of accounts of officers wbo bave performed duty witb tbe Subsistence
Department bas rapidly progressed. Claims under tbe act of July 4,
1864, wbicb bave been filed in tbe subsistence office, amount in tbe
aggregate to $1,758,031.04, on wbicb $86,343.10 bave been allowed.
Claims amounting to $1,021,123.70 await final examination and
decision. Tbe total amount of money drawn from tbe Treasury and
disbursed by tbe Subsistence Department during tbe past fiscal year
was $7,618,872.64, including payment of claims under tbe act of July
4, 1864. Tbe amount disbursed during tbe fiscal years of tbe war was :
FromJulyl, 1861, to June 80, 1863 $48,799,521.14
From July 1,1862, to June 30, 1863 69,587,582.78
From July 1, 1888, to June 30, 1864 98,666,918.60
FromJulyl, 1864, to June 80, 1865.- 144.782,969.41
From July 1, 1865, to June 80, 1866 7,518,872.54
Total amount 889,805,864.37
No appropriation is required for tbe next fiscal year.
Arrangements will soon be consummated by tbe Medical Depart-
ment for tbe permanent security of its valuable mortuary records,
including 16,000 folio volumes of bospital registers, 47,000 burial
records, 16,000 bospital muster and pay rolls, alpbabetical registers
of tbe dead, containing 260,000 names of wbite and 20,000 of colored
soldiers, and tbe patbological collection constituting tbe Army Med-
ical Museum. During tbe year official evidence, obtainable from no
ot^er source, of cause of deatb, or of discbarge for disability, bas
been fumisbed in 49,212 cases, and 210,027 discbarges upon certifi-
cates of disability bave been examined and classified. Tbe total
number of surgical cases classified and recorded is of wounds 133,962,
and of operations 28,438. Tbe preparation for publication of tbe
medical and surgical bistory of tbe war bas been prosecuted witb
energy, mucb of tbe manuscript and several of tbe illustrations for
tbe first volume being complete. Tbe Army Medical Museum con-
tinues to increase in value and usefulness, and tbe greater security
and additional accommodations of tbe building to wbicb it will be
sbortly removed admit of tbe addition of a great number of interest-
ing and instructive specimens not bitberto available for want of space.
A small appropriation will be required to continue tbe work of classi-
fication and preservation of tbis national collection. Tbe number of
1040 COBRESPONDENCEy ETO.
casnalties from the oommenoement of the war to the preBont time in
the regular and volunteer medical staff is ascertained to be 336,
including 29 killed in battle, 12 killed by accident, 10 died of wounds,
4 died in rebel prison, 7 died of yellow fever, 3 died of cholera, 270
died of other diseases. During the war 35 medical officers were
wounded in battle. The distribution of troops in small bodies over
so large an extent of country necessitates the employment of acting
assistant surgeons temporarily, but the number of these has been
reduced from 1,997 on July 1, 1865, to 264 on July 1, 1866, and will
be still further diminished when existing vacancies in the grade of
assistant surgeons, created by the act of Ck>ngres8 of July 28, 1866,
are filled. A corresponding decrease in the number of hospital stewards
for general service has al^ been effected, and in every branch of the
Department reduction and retrenchment have been rigidly enforced.
An aggregate expenditure of $267,391.92 was incurred by the Medical
Department in furnishing officers and supplies to the Bureau of
Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands^ which had under its con-
trol, during the fiscal year ending July 1, 1866, no appropriation
applicable to the purpose; and though, under a decision of the Treas-
ury Dex)artment, reimbursement was not made from subsequent appro-
priations for the Freedmen's Bureau, no embarrassment arose and no
legislation is required. The funds at the disposal of the Medical and
Hospital DejMirtment during the year ending June 30, 1866, were as
follows:
Balance of appropriations remaining in the Treasury Jnly 1 , 1865. . |1, 161 , 181. 94
Amonnt of Treasury draft No. 1,644, on war warrant 8,206, issued
Mav 8, 1866, in favor of Asst Snxg. J. B. Brinton,lost in the mail
ana subsequently refunded 10,000.00
Proceeds of sales of old or surplus medical and hospital property. . 4, 044, 261. 50
Amount refunded on account of supplies furnished for the use of
prisoners of war 28,168.84
Amount refunded by the Subsistence Department, being apportion-
ment of amount paid for board and care of sick soldiers in iiri-
vate hospitals 121,600.51
Amount received for board of officers in hospitals 14,296.96
Amount recovered on account of stores and furniture lost or dam-
aged in transportation 4,507.42
Refunded from appropriation for care of destitute discharged sol-
diers, being for board of discharged soldiers while having artifi-
cial limbs fitted 6,065.24
Received from all other sources 1,006.94
Total 6,386,064.24
Of this amount there was disbursed during the same period —
For medical and hospital supplies (a great part of this sum expended
in payment of debt of previous year) $075,778.83
Forpayof private physicians 926,584.06
Fori>ayof nurses and other hospital employes 809,916.06
For purchase of artificial limbs for disabled soldiers 198,999.00
For Doardof sick soldLers in private hospitals 58,781.75
For expenses of hospitals for officers 28,158.51
For expeneea of purveying depots, laboratories, rei^irs, &c 812, 243. 18
For miscellaneous expenses of the Medical Department 82,845.89
Total disbursements during the fiscal year 2,887,801.77
Balance in Treasury June 80, 1866 2,646,457.14
Refunded of amount advanced by disbursing ofQcers during the
previous year 1,805.83
6,880,064.24
UNION AUTHORITIES. 1041
The estimated appropriation required for the Medical Department
for the next fiscal year is $90,000.
The Pay Department remains without material change. In conse-
quence of additional labors imposed upon this branch of the War
Department by recent Ck)ngressional enactment, and in order to
promptly pay the lar|2^ issue of Treasury certificates, it was neces-
sary to retain temporarily a number of additional paymasters. The
financial summary exhibits —
A balance on hand at the beginning of the fiscal year $120,106,909.32
Receiyed from Treasnry ana other sonrces during the year 163, 426, 228. 97
Total 288,588,228.90
Accounted for as follows:
DisboTBemeBitB to Army and Military Academy $10,431,004.42
Disbursements to Tolanteers ,._ 248,943,313.86
Unissued requisitions in Treasury 10, 750,000.00
In hands of paymasters June 80 13,408,910.51
288,688,228.29
The total disbursements of each class during the fiscal year is as
follows:
To troope on master out $205,272,824.00
To troops in service ... 80,250,010.00
To referred claims 7, 662, 786. 00
To payment of Treasury certificates 16, 189, 247. 00
269,874,817.00
The estimated appropriations of the Pay Department amount to
$17,728,560.60 for pay of the Army for the next fiscal year.
The Corps of Engineers at the close of the fiscal year consisted of
ninety-five officers, the battalion of engineer troops, and the Military
Academ3\ Thirteen officers were on detached duty, serving in com-
mand of military departments, on special service connected with the
levees of the Mississippi River, on the Light-House Boai*d, with the
Department of the Interior upon duties relating to the Pacific Rail-
road, on military surveys and staffs of the Greneral-in-Chief and com-
manding general of the Military Division of the Gulf; the remainder
were diligently engaged in the duties of their profession, officers of
desirable experience and practice having direct supervision of the
more important works. The engineer troops were distributed between
the Military Academy and the two depots of engineer supplies located
at Willets Point, N. Y., and at Jefferson Barracks, Mo. The condi-
tion of the battalion with regard to discipline and instruction is
reported as satisfactory. At the two engineer depots much valuable
war material has been collected from points where it had remained
after the close of active operations in the field, and it is proposed to
keep on hand a complete outfit on a moderate scale of such engineer,
bridge, and siege equipage as would be most likely to come into requi-
sition to supply unforeseen demands in the field. The Chief of Engi-
neers suggests a modification of the act of June 23, 1866, in respect
to the manner of procuring labor and material for improvements of
harbors and rivers. The estimated appropriation required by the
Engineer Bureau for the next fiscal year is $5,140,000.
66 R Rr-SERIBS m, VOL V
1042 COBRESPONDENCE, ETC.
The Ordnance Department now limits the operations at arsenals to
the construction of wronght-iron sea-coast carriages and such ord-
nance supplies as are needed for immediate use; preservation of the
ordnance stores left on hand at the close of the war; breaking up
unserviceable ammunition, and completing unfinished buildings.
Fireproof workshops have been completed at Watervliet, Frankford,
and Alleghany Arsenals; three magazines, with a capacity for stor-
ing 15,000 barrels of gunpowder, have been built at Saint Louis
Arsenal, and one of the same capacity at each of the arsenals at
Washington City and Benicia. A board of officers is engaged in
examining suitable sites for depositories of gunpowder provided for
by an appropriation of the last session of Congress; and the erection
of such magazines as will furnish secure and suitable storage for all
our powder, ammunition, and niter will be commenced early next
spring. The arsenals at the South which were seized by the rebels,
having Seen retaken, are reoccupied, excepting the North Carolina
Arsenal, which was destroyed; the Harper's Ferry Armory, the work-
shops of which were burned, and which has been used as an ordnance
depot; the arsenal in Florida, which has been transferred temporarily
to the Freedmen's Bureau, and the arsenal in Arkansas, which is
occupied by troops of the line. The Chief of Ordnance is of opinion
that it is not advisable to rebuild the North Carolina Arsenal or to
re-establish the armory at Harper's Ferry, and the sale of both is
recommended. All the small-arms and some of the other supplies
which were collected at Baton Rouge, San Antonio, Augusta, Cluu*les-
ton, and Mount Vernon Arsenals have been removed, and the only
supplies which have been sent to them were such as were required
for immediate issue to troops. The commission appointed under the
act of April 19, 1864, to examine and report the value of property
on Rock Island taken by the United States by authority of that act
has entered upon its duties. As soon as good titles to the property
shall have been acquired the construction of the armory and arsenal,
as required bv law, will be hastened as fast as the appropriations
will admit. It is important that this establishment should be built
up as rapidly as possible, and a considerable sum has been estimated
for that purpose during the next fiscal year. It is believed that all
of it is necessary and can be judiciously and advantageously
exi>ended. The operations at the National Armory at Springfield,
Mass. , during the past year have been confined to cleaning and repair-
ing arms used during the war, and to making the requisite prepara-
tions for converting the Springfield muskets into breech-loaders. The
power and endurance of the 8-inch and 12-inch cast-iron rifle cannon
have been subjected to practical tests, and the exi>eriments will be
continued. The ordnance returns for three consecutive years, includ-
ing a i>eriod of active service and ordinary repairs, show an average
duration of five years for cavalry carbines, of four years for caval^^
pistols, sabers, and accouterments, of seven years for infantry
muskets, and of six years for infantry accouterments. From January
1, 1861, to June 30, 1866, the Ordnance Department provided 7,892
cannon, 11,787 artillery carriages, 4,022,130 small-arms, 2,362,546
complete sets of accouterments for infantry and cavalry, 539,544
complete sets of cavalry horse equipments, 28,164 sets of horse
artillery harness, 1,022,176,474 cartridges for small-arms, 1,220,555,435
percussion-caps, 2,862,177 rounds of fixed artillery ammunition,
14,507,682 cannon primers and fuses, 12,875,294 pounds of artillery
UKION AUTHOBITIBS. 1043
projectlleB, 26,440,054 pounds of gunpowder, 6,395,152 pounds of
niter, and 90,416,295 pounds of l^id. In addition to these there
were immense quantities of parts provided for repairing and mak-
ing good articles dami^^, lost, or destroyed in the service. The
fts^l resources of the Ordnance Bureau for the year amounted to
$35,301,062.56, and the expenditures $16,551,677.58, leaving a balance
of $18,749,385 18, of which $18,043,804.28 were undrawn balances in
the Treasury, and $705,580.90 were to the credit of disbursing officers
in the Qovemment depositories on June 30, 1866. The estimated
appropriation required by the Ordnance Office, including only such
objects as require early attention, is $1,593,242.
In the office of the Commissary-Cieneral of Prisoners a reduced
force has been engaged in receiving and completing the records relat-
ing to prisoners of war, in furnishing information required by the
various bureaus, and in the investigation of claims for commutation
of rations to U. S. soldiers while held as prisoners of war.
The clerical force at the office of the Signal Corps is employed in
arranging and putting in durable form messages and reports which
passed through or emanated from the corps during the war. The
expenditures for the Signal Service duringthe year ending September
30, 1866, were $3,900.15; the total amount appropriated and still
available for signal service September 30, 1866, was $252,565.97. No
appropriation was requested of last Congress, and none will be
required for the next fiscal year.
At the last examination the corps of cadets at the Military Academy
numbered 228 members, and forty cadets of the graduating class
completed the course of studies and were commissioned lieutenants
in the Army. Under the provisions of the acts of Congress approved,
respectively, July 13 and 28, 1866, the Military Academy was sepa-
rated from the Corps of Engineers, which, together with certain
p.-ofessors and cadets, had heretofore constituted the institution, and
the officers of which had exercised exclusive supervision and control
over it. Bvt. Maj. Qen. Edmund Schriver, inspector-general, has
been assigned as inspector, and Col. T. G. Pitcher, of the Forty-
fourth Infantry, apxK)inted superintendent. The report of the Board
of Visitors for 1867 bears ample testimony to the usefulness and
excellent condition of the academy, and recommends the increase of
the number of cadets to 400. With the present number of cadets
butone graduate can be supplied to each regiment every second year,
after the ordinary demands of the staff eorpR are met. During the
past session of Congress important measures were adopted respecting
the academy, raising the standard of qualifications for admission,
and requiring that) appointments be hereafter made one year in
advance of the date of admission. The inspector, from personal
observation, reports the authorities of the institution as most assidu-
ous in their efforts to advance the interests of the academy and its
cadets. Its administration is chatacterized by economy and habits
of frugality are inculcated. Excellent discipline is maintained and
judiciously enforced. The estimated appropriation for the Military
Academy is $243,867.
In the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands the
Commissioner reports that there is no material change of organiza-
tion, but business is facilitated and vexed questions settled by the
law of 1866. The jurisdiction of assistant commissioners coincides
generally with department and district commands, but is distinct in
1044 COBREBPONDENCE, ETC.
Maryland and the District of Columbia. Under the new law Mary-
land and Kentucky are embraced, and these States seem to require
aid from the Bureau in promoting the interests of justice and educa-
tion. In the Northern cities employment offices, of little expense to the
Government, and not a source of revenue, have been established with
a view to obtain work and homes for dependent freed people and to
relieve crowded localities. The importance of self-support has been
urged by proper means upon the laboring classes. Wages have been
determined not by orders of Bureau officers, but by circumstances
ordinarily affecting the price of labor in different localities. The
education of f reedmen and refugees has been carried on vigorously
under the immediate patronage of benevolent societies. A superin-
tendent of education, devoting his whole time to his work, is stationed
at the Bureau headquarters in each State, and all Bureau officers
co-operate with him. It is estimated that 150,000 freedmen and their
children are now attending school in the Southern States. Schools
for refugee white children are also established. Their formation
is everywhere encouraged by the Bureau. There has been but little
uniformity of action in different States in respect to the administra-
tion of justice. Assistant commissioners have been instructed to
transfer military jurisdiction as rapidly as possible to State judicial
tribunals. This has been done completely in some States, while in
Virginia, Louisiana, and Texas Bureau courts are still in existence.
A claim division, instituted in March last, and aided by officers and
agents throughout the States, has sought to prevent frauds upon
colored soldiers in their efforts to collect unpaid claims. One hun-
dred and ninety-five claims were paid through the office of the Com-
missioner, 723 rejected at his office, 1,532 are in process of adjustment
The aggregate amount collected and pAid is $10,539.09. Detailed
reports are given of the operations of the Bureau in each State and
the District of Columbia. Transportation is reported as furnished to
6,352 destitute freed people and 387 refugees. Thirteen million four
hundred and twelve thousand two hjandied and seventy-three rations
were issued between June 1, 1865, and September 1, 1866. The aver-
age number per month to refugees and freedmen was 894,569; the
average number per day, 29,819. The issue to whites increased until
June 30, 1866, when issues to freedmen and refugees were about
equal. From June 30, 1866, until September 1 the number supported
of both classes has diminished. Rigid scrutiny has been exercised to
prevent issues to any but the absolutely destitute, and parts of the
ration not actually needed were cut off. Officers were directed to
hold each plantation, county, parish, and town responsible for the
care of its own poor, but to very little purpose, for with few exceptions
the StatQ authorities have failed to contribute to the relief of the class
of i>ersons supported by the Government. Owing to the failure of
crops the requirements of Circular 10, of August 22, could not be
rigidly enforced. Upon the application of State officials special
issues are being made to certain States for the support of their pauper
population. Rations are sold to teachers and agents of benevolent
societies under the same rules that apply to such purchases made by
commissioned officers. Bureau hospitals receive the usual f reedmen's
ration. The amount of land now in possession of the Bureau is
272,231 acres, to be increased by 228 tracts in Tennessee, of which
the number of acres has not been reported. The aggregate number of
parcels of town property, not included in the above, which have been
UNION AUTHORITIES. 1046
in possession of the Bureau is 3,724, of which 2,605 have been restored,
leaving a balance of 1,119 parcels of town property.
The balance on hand of the freedmen fond Ib ^288,888.58
The balance of district destitute fimd 18,888.87
The balance of appropriation 6,866,850.80
7,156,981.49
The estimated aznonnt due Subsistence Department is. . $897, 000. 00
The transportation reported unpaid 86,015.94
The transportation estimated due 80, 000. 00
Estimatea amount due Medical Department 100,000.00
Estimated amount due Quartermaster's Department 800, 000. 00
648,015.94
Total balance for all purposes of expenditure 6, 518, 965. 55
The Commissioner estimates the additional funds necessary for the
next fiscal year as follows:
Salaries of assistant commissioners, sub-assistants, and agents $147, 600. 00
Salaries of clerks 88,800.00
Stationery and printing 68,000.00
Quarters and fuel 800,000.^0
Subsistence stores 1,500,000.00
Medical Department 500,000.00
Transportation 800,000.00
School superintendents 25,000.00
Buildings for schools and asylums (including construction, rental,
and repairs) 500,000.00
Telegraphing and postage 18,000.00
Total 8,886,800.00
In compliance with recent enactments of Congress, commissioners
to assess the value of slaves enlisted into the U. S. Army during the
war have been appointed for Missouri, Maryland, Kentucky, and
Tennessee, but their reports have not yet been received.
In conclusion it gives me pleasure to again express my obligations
to the chiefs of bureaus and their subordinates, who, in reducing the
War Department to a peace establishment, have evinced the same
diligence, ability, and fidelity to the interests of the Government that
distinguished them during the labors, anxiety, and vicissitudes of the
war, and contributed so much to its successful termination.
EDWIN M. STANTON,
Secretary of War,
Headquarters Armies op the United States,
Washingfon, November ^1, 1866,
Hon. E. M. Stanton,
Secretary of War:
Sir: Since my report for 1865 the volunteer force then in service
has been almost entirely replaced by the Regular Army, mostly organ-
ized under the act of Congress approved 28th July, 1866. The report
of the Adjutant-General of the Army gives exact statistics on this
subject.
Passing from civil war of the magnitude of that in which the United
States has been engaged to government through the courts, it has
l)een deemed necessary to keep a military force in all the lately
1046 CORREBPONDENCE, ETC.
rebellious States to insure the execution of law and to protect life
and property against the acts of those who, as yet, will acknowledge
no law but force. This class has proven to be much smaller thui
could have been expected after such a conflict. It has, however, been
sufficiently formidable to justify the course which has been pursued.
On the whole, the condition of the States that were in rebellion against
the Gk>vemment may be regarded as good enough to warrant the hope
that but a short time will intervene before the bulk of the troops now
occupying them can be sent to our growing Territories, where they
are so much needed.
I respectfully refer you to the reports of Generals Sherman, Hal-
leck, Meade, Sheridan, Thomas, Sickles, McDowell, Pope, and Steele,
herewith, for full information of the condition of the States and Ter-
ritories under their command.* The last of these reports is but this
moment received. The time has passed when the^ should be in the
hands of the printer to prepare them for presentation to Congress on
its assembling. To make a full report I would have to get my facts
from these reports. Time not permitting, I beg to refer to them in lieu
of their condensation by me.
With the expiration of the rebellion Indian hostilities have dimin-
ished. With a frontier constantly extending and encroaching upon
the hunting-grounds of the Indian, hostilities, opposition at least, fre-
quently occur. To meet this and to protect the emigrant on his way
to the mountain Territories troops have been distributed to give the
best protection with the means at hand. Few places are occupied by
more than two and many by but a single company. These troops
are generally badly sheltered, and are supplied at grea^t cost. Dur-
ing the past summer insi>ections were made by Generals Sherman,
Poi>e, Ingalls, Sacket, and Babcock to determine the proper places
to occupy to give the best protection to travel and settlements, and to
determine the most economical method of furnishing supplies. The
labor of putting up temporary quarters is performed by the troops
intending to occupy them. In the course of the next season more
permanent buildings will have to be erected, however, which will
entail an expense for material at least. I would respectfully suggest,
therefore, that an appropriation for this special purpose be asked.
The permanent peace establishment being much larger than has
been heretofore provided for, an appropriation for building barracks,
store-houses, ^c, to meet present wants seems to be required. The
reports of the heads of the staff departments of the Army, particu-
larly that of the Quartermaster-Gtoneral, may cover this point.
I would respectfully suggest for the consideration of Congress the
propriety of transferring the Indian Bureau from the Interior to the
War Department, and the abolition of Indian agencies, with the excep-
tion of a limited number of inspectors. The reason for this change
seems to me both obvious and satisfactory. It would result in greater
economy of expenditure and, as I think, diminution of conflict be-
tween the Indian and white races.
I have the honor to h% very respectfully, your obedient servant,
U. S. GRANT,
Gfeneral
* Reports omitted.
UNION AUTHORITIES. 1047
Adjutant-General's Office,
Washington, October 20, 1867,
General U. S. Grant,
Commanding Armies of the Untied Stales:
General: I have the honor to submit herewith the annual returns
of the Army.
mustering and disbursing for volunteers.
The last annual report brought down the operations of the depart-
ment, in mustering out the Volunteer Army, to November 1, 1866, at
which date 1,023,021 volunteers had been discharged, leaving in serv-
ice 11,043.
Of that number the following have since been mustered out:
U. S. Colored Troops 8,756
Perfected retoms 1 , 308
Oregon V olimteera 65
New Mexican Volunteers 465
Officers of the oeneral staff 168
Officers of the Veteran Reserve CorpB 148
Thus leaving in service 203 commissioned officers and no enlisted men. *
Mustering and disbursing offices have been discontinued as
rapidly as the public interest would permit. At the date of the last
annual report there were eighteen offices, each under the charge of a
commissioned officer. Of this number all have been closed except
the following: At Albany, N. Y., for New York State; at Philadel-
phia, for Pennsylvania and New Jersey; at Columbus, Ohio, for Ohio
and West Virginia.
The records of the offices closed have been transferred to this city,
except those at Louisville, Ky., for Kentucky and Tennessee; at
Saint Louis, Mo., for Missouri, Kansas, Dakota, Colorado, and
Nebraska; at Santa Fe, N. Nex., for New Mexico; at San Francisco,
Cal., for California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington Territory; at
which places, in consequence of the peculiar character of the busi-
ness, they remain connected with military division or department
headquarters.
No appropriation of money will be required for the volunteer dis-
bursing branch during the next fiscal year.
COLORED TROOPS.
All the colored volunteers remaining in service at the date of the
last report have been mustered out, except twelve commissioned offi-
cers, retained on duty in the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and
Abandoned Lands.
* It appears from the records on ffie in the War Department that the last white
volunteer organization (Company B, Ist New Mexico Battalion) was mustered
out of service November 18, 1867, and the last colored volunteer organization
(One hundred and twenty-fifth U. S. Colored Infantry) was mustered out Decem-
ber 20, 1867. The last commissioned officer of volunteers (Maj. Calvin Holmes,
additional paymaster) was mustered out July 1, 1869. The last enlisted man of
volunteers (Private William Sadler, Company B, Ninth Veteran Resei-ve Corps)
was discharged October 4, 1868, he having been retained on duty as a messenger
in the War Department.
1048 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
Under the joint resolation approved March 30, 1867, '^Buspending
all proceedings in relation to payment for slaves drafted or received
as volunteers in the military service of the United States,*' orders
were issued by the Secretary of War the 4th of April, 1867, dissolving
all the commissions appointed under previous laws, and the records
of their proceedings have been collected and filed in this office.
****** «
I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient
servant,
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant-GeneroL
AliTERNATB DESIGNATIONS
or
OBaAiriZATIOVB KEVTIOVED IV THI8 YOLUKE
Altensto
in b]a«k-ft«ed tj^ the dBdal dangmlioB, reta«m» or Stito to whidb
orgftniatioii btloiigi fcUowi ia Ualics,
Ahrt <G. W.) Hmt7 Art, DtlmMor^.
Bwktillt, laf., UOth P«.
C«Mt OmH, laf., Mttku.
■smifU Batt., laf., WmI TlrgMm.
WmUPw <G.H.) Ba«n., r. S. Jti^nlafV.
MerrllPt (W. S.) Vayn., M r. i9. T«f. ToU,
N#w York, 1ft DragoMS, 29tk N. T.
tSloM'i (T. 8.) Art., PeiUMylwmla, Batty. ^.
Wla^VM*! (C. K.) AH., i«f N. T., BmO^. J.
(1049)
INDEX.
Brigidii, DiTiriooii (loi|i, Armki» and improtiBed orpaiaAkM an
State aadoOurc
llaBtMMd" udff oaiM of eom-
SnpOTTiafcn ABd MBtcoU 19, to, 51.
TruMf«r of, to Bvnmi S^ F., A Jl L.,61.
Akket,HMijIi.,Sa.
Akk«Ct, fiMtB«« aUrMft.
Akk«tt,]f«kMitah,9ia.
Akwcnwkto, Wyam, Mrs., 914.
Akoni,J«MikW.,n4.
Acfcw#rlh«B«wla«821.
Aettaf Anistaat Pi«TMl-Manhftli.««i«nl.
Dt of offlooo, eia,
Bonuki, J.B. Vry,a02,ei8.
Ac«M» Samel QmSM.
AdMM,AltaBW.,9B.
,B.F.9Mn.,n8.
m, Mrs., 914.
» FfMMll P., 91S.
lorso, 914.
HlM,flOOfgOg.,9ia.
AJmty Jmms 0., 914.
,ioluia.,9S8.
»Mii0B.,ni.
AJnM,Pral,915.
Ainu, flwMlC, 891.
Ai«u,8h«kMiP.9 906.
,WllllaM,919.
,WllllaMB.,90e.
A^tnUetBonPi Doptftmat, V. 8. A.
Oflloera,lS8.
Oponitlono, 1966 aad 1966. 127-140, 614^18. 1098.
ThoouM. L., A4Jiita&t-QeDonl, 581.
TownMnd, B. D^ in oliargo A^Jataot-Oenoral'o
Oflloe,661.
A4|«taBt4l«Mnl'i OflM, V. 8. A.
Boxwrnof Oolond Traopo, 182, 187-140, 108^.1081.
BniMMi of Genfodonte ArohiTM, 06.
CkmtiBiutlon of bosinoM of Provott-Manhal-
Gonexal't BoreMi, 1014-1010, 1088.
AlesMidor, B. B., 26.
Augor.CCnOS.
Aiuttai«,W.,26.
Bloir,H.T.,67&
CMb7,B.B.S.,106.
ClarlMtV.H.,26.
A4«tui««MnPi (Miea, V. S. A.-Coiitlnaod.
Comtpoodenoe:
ConiMOtioQt, Qoremor of. 29, 42, 43, 54.
BeUware, Oorenior of, 29, 42, 48, 54.
D1X.J.A..44.
Dodffo,O.H.,50.
Ely, J.. 26.
Footer, C. W., 187, 681, 1089.
Footer, J. a., 108.
Gilbort»C.C.,26.
Qnait,n.B..8,l047.
Qrtor.W.K..26.
HuMOck, W. 8., 61, 06. 970, 580.
Hill,B.H..26.
Hooker, J., 44.
Hmnphrejs, A. A., 86.
OUboU, QoTonior of, 29, 42. 48, 54.
ladianA. Ooromor of. 20, 42, 43, 54.
Iowa, A^ntent^Oenend of, 97, 157.
Iowa, QoTernor of, 29. 42, 48, 54.
TTaniiaiK Goremor of, 29, 43, 54.
Keataoky, A^ate&t-Ge&ond of, 160.
Kontuoky, Gororaor of, 29, 42, 48, 54.
Littter,R.M.,26.
Logan, J. A., 61, 98.
LoToU,C.S..26.
Maine, GoTemor of. 28, 42, 48, 64.
Maryland, G^venor of, 29, 42, 48, 64.
MaaoaohoMtte, Ooyeraor ot, 29, 42, 48, 54.
Meade,G.G.,56,57,6l.
Miohigaa, GoTomor of . 29, 42, 48. 54.
Minneaotek Governor of, 29, 42, 48, 54.
MJaMozi, Govenior of; 29, 42,48, 54.
Keide,H.,26.
New Hampahlre, Goranior oi; 29, 42, 48. 54
Kew Jersey, Goremor of, 29. 42, 43, 54.
New York, Goiremor of, 29, 42, 43. 54.
OakeB,J.,26.
Ohio, Govemor of; 29, 42, 48, 54, 21L
Palmer, J. M.,98.
Parke, J. G., 67.
PennsylTania, Goremor of, 28, 42, 43, 54.
Pltolier,T.G..S6.
Qnarteraiaater-G«neral*i Offloe, U. & A., 802.
B«yiio]da,J.J.,106.
Bbode Island, Govenior of; 29. 42, 48, 54.
Roger, T.H., 06, 98, 108.
Sheridan, P. H., 06.
(W61)
1052
INDEX.
A4|atMit-0«aenil*« OScCf T. 8. A.— Contlnned.
Coi 1 (Mp<nideD06 :
Shermui, W. T.. 66.
8aTe7.W.,26.
81oeam.H.W.,tt.
Terry, A. H.« 99.96.106.
Vermont, OoTemor of, 29, 42, 48, 64.
War Departroeot, U. B.. 1. 60, 127, 982, 1012.
Weet VlrginU, Qeremor of, 29. 42, 48, 64.
Wileoz.J.A.,26.
Wleoonein, Ooremor of, 29, 42, 48, 64.
WrlKbt, H. O.. 98. 94, 108.
Kzhiblte:
Colored reomfU mnetered In Mideredlted,
KoT. 1, 1884^ nne, 1865, 116, 117.
Diebeiidment of the Amy, 982, 988. 973, 1006,
1012,1018,1018.
Foroee of the UnltMl Statee, May 1, 1864,
and Mar. 1,1866, 186, 187.
Men forwarded, mnetered out, etc., Nov. 1,
1864-NoT. 15, 1866. 188-185.
Organisatlone mnatered and forwarded to the
field daring Uie war, 1019-1029.
Volonteen and mllltia mnetered Into aer^loe,
KoT. 1. 1864-Aiir. IS, 1866, 112-114.
Yolnnteera and regnlaie in Mrrioe, 114. 116.
Operatlone, 1866 and 1867, 1011-1029. 1047, 1048.
Ordere, eeriee 1866: Hay 16, 26.
Orders, Cireulare, eeriee 1864 : No. 60, 658.
Ordere. Cirenlare, eeriee 1865: Hay 6 (2). 4;
Ha)r8,13; Ha)r9,16: Hay M (2). 48, 57; Jme
i, 67; Jane 10,63; Jane M, 60; Jaae 66, 60;
Jane 60,65; lie. 16,767; No. 18,28; No.lt,
24. 182. 803; Noe. 21, 26, 50; No. 24, 53; No.
26, 86; No. 26, 56. 132; No. 27, 60; No. 28,
61, 182; No. 60, 65, 132; No. 61,93. 132. No.
66, 94; No. 66, 95. 132; No. 66, 96; No. 6f ,
96,132; No. 41,96.132; No. 44,106,182; No.
46, 132, 156; No. 47, 168; No. 66, 568; No.
64,577; No. 66, 579.
Orders, General, eeriee 1861 : Noe. 16, 48, 40,
64, 681.
Orders, General, eeriee 1862: Nos. 16, 61, 66,
46, 881 ; Noi. 66, 66, 882; No. 60, 881 ; No.
02,761; Noi. 00, 121,881.
Orders, General, serien 1863: Nos. 6, 7, 882:
Nes. 67, 106, 111, 146,881: No. 262, 657;
No. 276, 352; No. 616, 882; No. 640, 634;
No. 676, 881; No. 400,882.
Orders, General, eeriee 1864: No. 65, 685; Noe.
106,216,881
Orders, General, serien 1865: No. 2t, 883; Not.
to, 61, 882; No. 77, 863, 614; >e. 70, 1;
No. 82, 5; No. 86, 11; No. 84, 12; Nes. 86,
87, 15; No. 01, 19; No. 04, 20. 800; No. 00,
87; No. 101, 43, 132; No. 102, 48; No. 106,
46, 132; No. 106, 49. 132; No. 107, 49, 883;
No. 110, 51, 888; No. Ill, 52. 881; No. 116,
54; No. 114, 54, 132; Nes. 116, 116, 56;
No. 110, 62. 132; No. 121, 66, 132; No. Itt,
92; No. 127, 95; No. 167, 103; No. 141, 124,
132; No. 146, 125, 182; No. 140, 125; No.
162, 126; No. 166, 159; No. 166, 535; No.
176,580.
Orders. General. seriM 1866: No. 70, 1006; No.
84, 933, 1007.
Orders. Memorandnm, noriee 1865: Aaf. If, 98.
A^tani««Mimra OSce, U. 8. A.-^CoBtiB«ei.
Orders, Special, eeriee 1602: No. tS7, 1090.
Orders, Spoeial, aeries 1866: No. 816, 464; No.
688,60.
BtateoMBte. enliataMBta. ete., Boffolor Ansy.
KoT. 1, 1864-Oet. 1, 1606. 168.
A4|vtot and Uipeetor OeMnT a OMee, C 8. A.
Orders, General, eeriee 1662: No. 00, n2.
Orders, Genend. eeriee 1664 : No. IS, 666.
Ordere, General, aeries 1666 : No. 8, 666.
Admiral, Steamer, 478.
Aiirina Da Pont, SteMner. 228, 266.
Agassis, Alex., 915.
Agairre, IpMurio, 801.
Ahen,Hlehaol,9tt.
Aiken, DafM, 028.
Alaeworth, Andrew.
Corrsepondence :
Dodg^G.&,470.
Jamee,W.L.,479.
Mentioned, 227.
Alaeworth, Stephen H., 968.
IneorrsetioB in, declared eoppvaaeed, 1686.
Operatlona in. See—
JToMb Bog. Op§rmtient in, A«g. f-Ii, J8H.
JfofrOr Oampmtffm, Jfor. ir-Jfoy 4, Ifltf .
Northern AUA^ma, tU. jrov.i4.X8M-^«a.flSl
nes.
JferfAem Osotyte. He, 8tfi, f$^999. », mL
Parsons. L. B., Prorisional Govenor, 80.
Bailroada and eqnipmente, 901 .
BeorganisatioB of oonetltatioBa] gofemmeut,a9.
Ilahsms, Oofonor of.
Cwrespondenoe. War DapartaseBt, C S^, 691.
Alahama Troops (U.).
CaTslry Megimemtt: 1st, 107.
Alhorgor,H. H.,661.
Alden,K.,014.
Alden, K. e., 015.
AMea, Philander 8., 960.
Aldrkh, Hliam W., 910.
Aldrteh, John H., 916.
Alexander, Barton 8., 108.
Alexander, Bdmnnd B.
Correepondenee. A4Jt. Oon.*e OfBeo. 17. S. A.. 2L
!
I Alexander, John Hm 889.
Alexander, Bkhmoad, 916.
Alexander, T. T., 906.
Alexander, Thoraton, 919.
Alexander, William, 921.
Alftred Bohh, Steamer, 476.
Allan, James H., 819.
Allen, Daniel, 915.
> Allen, Deles, 433.
i AUon, BdwaH 8., 618, 814, 846, 851. 187, ]
Allen, George, 923.
Allen, George W., 927.
Allen, Henry C, 916.
Allen, James H., 904.
Allen, John K., 904.
Alien, Joseph, 916.
AUen,LalhfOtte,927.
Allen, N.B.,908L
Allen, Orlando, 696L
Allen, <
INDEX.
1053
Oomspondeiiee, Q. M. Gen.'s OfBoe, U. & A., 379.
MeDttoa«d. 216, 818, 219. B18, 845. 860, 378, 40&
AUem, WIIUm C, 91S.
Allcm, WtlliMiiB.,915.
AllMi, Wriffht, Mn..929.
AllM, Jaittm W. C, 915.
AUejr, Wkltfleld K., 929.
AUlMM, WlUlaa B., 981.
AlljrB, t'kBUMjr B., 980.
Alstom, Hoat«oa«r|r P., 8QL
Alatom, Ned, 911.
Alstra, WlUim, 921.
AlteMat,8MiwIP.,92i.
AlTor4,BdwBrdJ.,898.
Aa«s, Adelbert, 498.
Ames, H«ratIo, 141, 142.580.
AMet, JuiM T., 91&
Ames, WUllftM 8., 915.
Aamen, Jacob, 604.
AiBBeitjr.
Oaths of aUegiaaoo. 87.
Parrtoning powor of the Pnaident. 5-11.
Proclamation of tlw Prsaldeut, Mar. 29, 1865. 37.
Anorr, Praaeli, 914.
Aaeimt, Locomotive, 84, 35, 542.
Aadenoa, AbraluuB, 925.
Aadereon, Adaa.
Appointed general aiiperlnteadent, etc, rail-
roads in the Southwest, 982.
CorreapondeDoe :
]Sicholts,L.H.,44.
3CoCaUnm,D.C.,968.
Mentioned, 84, 101. 502, 961, 962. 993. 1005.
AndsraoB, Alexander B., 898.
Anderson, Charles.
Correspondeooe. See Okio^ Qovmof q/,
Anderson, George, 924.
Anderson, J. B., 469,476.
Anderson, Jaaes, 928.
Anderson, John, 925.
Anderson, John A., 924.
Anderson, John B., 475.
Anderson, Joseph, 916.
Anderson, Joseph A., 928.
Anderson, Joseph B., 542.
Anderson, Robert, 507.
Anderson, ThosMS, 924.
AndersonTllle, 8a.
Identification, etc., of graves of soldiers, 241.
Andrews, Cleorge P., 890.
Andrews, WUllaai, 895.
Anthonj, Juees H., Mrs.. 914.
Appomattox (Ta.) Campaign.
Mar.29-Apr.9.1865,507.
Appenieller, J. P., 927.
Applegate, George, 923.
Appold, Be^lamin P., 924.
Apthorp,H.O.,915.
Apthorp, Bobert B., 914.
Archer, W. B., 905.
Arkaasas.
Insnrrection in, declared snppreased, lOOO.
Muster ont of cltisena in U. S. service, 55.
Arkaasas, A^Jatani-Cleneral of.
Coneapondenco, War Department, U. S., 55.
Arkansas, BeparlnMnt of.
MfHUiy telegraph operationa, 863-366.
Railroads and eqolpmente. 63,64. 299, 590. 501,991.
Recmitment. etc., of colored troopa, 3.
Arkansas, Governor of.
Oorreepondenoe, Abraham Lincoln, 886.
Reeponse to call for militia, 886.
Arkansas Troops (U.).
Inlkntry— J7^msnte; 1st* (ODlorMt), 660.
Arlett, BavM B., 919.
Manofactoring facilitiea, 14U144.
Armstroag, Charies, 906.
Armstroag, Johnston, 902.
Armstrong, WUllam P., 443.
Ami7 Corps, 1st (Baacock).
Mnater oat of olHoers and enlisted men, 579, 58a
Pationto in hoepital, 4, 25.
Army Corps, tSd.
Transftr of, from the Tennewsee to the Potomac,
nofsp.801.
Armjr of the Conflbdorste SUtes.
Bragg, B., charged with conduct of operations.
688.
Exhibits,uenJoined, April, 1882-Febmary, 1865,
701.
Lee,R.B.:
Assigned to doty aa General inCbief, 688.
Charged with condoot of military operations,
688.
Measures for reoraitmont, 1861.42, 668-603.
Organisation, equipment, etc^ 667-718.
See also Orgn., Bquip,^ «te., qf Army.
Army of the Ualted SUtes.
Casualties during war of the rebellion, 600. 664-
671.
Condition at outbreak of war, and measnrea for
recmitment in 1861 and 1862, 604^11.
Distribution of foroes for spring campaign, 1864,
BnlistflBonta, etc.. in Regular Army, Nov. 1, 1864-
Oct. 1,1865, 127, 183.
Grant to Seward, reporting actual strength
Nov. 10, 1865. 489, 400.
Invalid companies Regular Army, 60.
Operations, 1867, 1045, 1046.
Orders. Special, seriee 1864: No. 44, 323.
Organisation, strength, and stations of Regular
Army, 127-180.
Reduction of Interior poets, 212.
Relation of negroee to military service, 654-661.
Reorganisation ot Regular Army. 126, 127.
Review, by Secretary of War, of operations 1864
and 1866, 494-507.
Strength:
May 1,1864, 136. 497, 496.
Mar. 1. 1865. 137. 605.
May 1,1866, 494, 505.
Volunteer Army Register, 131.
See also—
DMondmsnC of the Army.
Orgn,, Bqwip., «te., q^(A« Army.
Army Bogister, Tolnatoer.
PublicaUon. 181.
Arnold, Ayers, 980.
• Subsequently designated 46th U. S. C. T.
1054
INDBX.
AnoM, J«lu W., m.
AnoMfHOtM^ns.
AnMilt.
ICaanfaotoiiiif fiMllltiM, 141-144.
Aiilidal UmU Md ArpUucM.
B«mArkt, Seeratery ofWar, 1087.
Aibary, Hmry, 819, 904.
Aiherafl, Clwrtot, 927.
Aiktojr, AlezMder, 154.
Asilfteat CMialwlMien Bu«m B., P., * A. L.
Appointmeot, eompenaatiop, etc., 90, 4S, 44.
AtlMy, B0b«rt A., 909.
Atklat, BlIahA, If n.. 916.
Atki«MB,Joka,925.
AtklBMB, Vob^rt^M 7S9.
AtlMtoCuipidfB. May l-Sn^t 8,1964.
Operations QoArtomaater's l>0pt., 408, 409.
Bemarks, Secrotary of War, 600, 801.
Atlaattfl, HlUtarr DfltlilMi oTtka.
Bodootlon of Interior poeta, ete., 912.
Attea, John L. Jr., 898.
AttoraaHleaanI, U. 8.
Opiniona, etc. :
Bonnty to troopa diaeharged, 02, 58.
Pardoning power of the President, 5-11.
Three uMntha' pay proper to oflleera, 58.
AttoneH>««ral'a Oflce, V. 8.
Correapondenoe:
Johnaon, Andrew, 5.
War Department, U. 8., 52.
AtweU, 8a»ael, 914.
Aideueid, Lewliy 924.
Aafir, Chriatopher 0.
Gorreapondenee, A<yt. Oen.'a (HBoe,IT. 8. A., 86.
Mentioned, 26, 106, 482-484. 497. 512.
Aaelin, Adonliaa, 861.
AaiUn, J. J., 922.
Aastln, Jonathan, 880.
Aastlne, WllUaa.
Correapondenoe, A4jt. Oen.'a Offloe,17. & A .. 26.
Mentioned, 888.
AfereU, WnUani W., 489.
ATerlll, John T., 890.
Afeiy, Chariea B., 998.
krtrj, B. H., Mra., 928.
ATerr, Jaaea C, 928.
Afery, Hartha BU, 928.
Afory, HoToa L., 906.
Ajre, Saaael, 916.
Ajrera, Harahall, 929.
Ajrrei, Stephen B., 981.
Bahhitt, Bdwla B.
Correapondenoe, Q. M. Oen.'a OfBce.lT.S. A., 487.
Mentioned, 845, 850, 486.
Bahcoek, Chariea A., 915.
BaOCOCK, K* B*, MM.
Bahcoek, •rrUle B., 888, 1046.
Bahcoek, WelcoMe A., 896.
BaduMa,l8ahella,924.
Baekaa, Anal, 886.
Bear, Gkarlea J., 844, 900.
BaUejr, Bdaaad, 919.
BaUe7,ee*r«eB.,901.
Batlejr, fleorga H., 915.
Batla7<'->MM8.
Batle)r,Jlni,9tl.
Bailey, Jonathan B., 908.
Bailey, SOaa, 901. 9r.
Bailey, noMaC, 908.
Ballot Thaaai G. J., 686.
BaOhaehe, WIIIIaM H., 946. 486 441.
Bany,Jaaaa,91S.
Bairi, Ahaalaih 411, 4».
Balrd,1WMaB.,924.
Baker, Be^|aala B., 61C
Baker, GalTla, 887.
Baker, Chariea ■., 906.
Baker, Ganad, 889.
Baker, P. B., 909.
Baker, Heuy H., 915w
Baker, Jaaea, 917.
Baker, John 8., 89L
Baker, Lalhyetta C, 675.
Baker, Hathaaiel B.
Ooneapoiidenoe. See IrnM^ Aift. O^m. 9f.
Baker,Winiaa8.,886.
A., 915,
Baldwin, Gilbert, 915.
Baldwin, Jeaaa, 961.
Baldwin, H. W., h Co., 60,542.
BaaerofI, Henry, 915.
Baactell, Thamai J., 915.
Banda,Hllltaffy.
Minom aa mnaiolana, 180.
Baaka, Xathaalel P., 120, 220, 497, 488.
Bany, Patrick, 916.
Barhor, Joaeph P., 928.
Barker, Lett, 901
Bather, 8. H.,91L
Barhonr, Ira C, 464.
Bathav,Jokn8.,26w
Bariier, Chariea T., 916.
Bariier, 0. T., 91&
Bariier,Bliwi,916.
Bariier, John T., 916.
Barker, OtIiB., 916.
Bariier, Saainal A., 918L
Bariey, Jonathan W., 848, 911.
Bariow, PnMla C, 481, 482.
Bariow, John W., 165, 197, 166.
Barnard, Chariea, 918.
Barnard, John «., 196. 195.
Barnea, A. H., 906.
BafMa,Hlraai,Mn.,916.
Bamea, JaiMa B., 9661
Barnea, Joaeph K.
Coneapondonee. 8eeAtrp.0m.'aO|iocir.&i.
Montkmed, 240, 862, 667, 560, 566, 567. 561, 796^ 771
1015,1097.
Sargeon-Oenenl, U. 8. A., S6L
Bamea, Walton J., 660.
Barney, Alriae C, 628.
Bamani, Henry A^ 414,426.
Barrott, Chariea B., 897. 99
Barrett, Chariea B., Mra.,1
Bartetty dan ■• «., 914.
INUEX.
1055
Barrett, Cartla 8., 387.
ltaR«U,JM«L.,924.
Bwntt, Peter, 914.
Barrett, Rebeeea S., 9M.
Barrlager, A. Y., SiOw
BuTlBger, George D., 923.
Berroll, Pruklla B., aiMi MS, 909, 787.
BarroB, Charles, 926^
BarroB, Tkoaiai, 923.
Barrowi, Bffbert S., 906w
Barrowe, Horatio, 915.
Barry, JaaMs, 921.
Barrr, Bobert, 917.
Barnr, Bobert J., 906. 93a
Barry, Stephea, 914.
Barry, WllUan D., 903.
Barry, VilllanF., 498.
BarUelow, Bobert, 878.
BartholoMew, Bethro W., 914.
BarUett, Beaaett, 928.
BartllBg,HeBry,911.
BartOB, Charles, Steamer, 73.
BartOB, Bebeeea, Steamer, 72.
Baaeoai, George W., 91S.
BaacoBi,GUbert,91(L
Baas, James, 927.
Bass, Thomas, 92a
Baatett, Charles C, 9ia
Baasett,B4wanlP.,927.
Baasett, Hoses F., 839, 904.
Batehelder, Chaadler, 9ia
Batehelder, Blehard N .
Correspoodenoe.Q. H. Oen.'s Oflloe,U. S. A., 454.
MenUoDed, 331, 344» 350. 386.
Bateheldor, Daalel V., 916.
BateaMB, Ebeaeser, 918.
Batemaa, Newtoa, 807.
Bates, Darld H., 916.
Bates, Be Witt CliatoB, 915.
Bates, JbIIbb, 907.
Bates, SalmoaS., 899.
Bates, WiUUm F., 923.
Battla, Joseph, 984.
Baxter, Daalel, 915.
Baxter, JededlahH.
Chief Medical OiBcor. P. H. Oen.'s Boreao, 760.
Correepomlenoek Provost • Harabal • Qoaeral's
Office, U.& A., 768.
Mentioned, 602, 679, 759. 780.
Baxter, Joha G., 927.
Baylees, E. L., Mm., 915.
Baylees, Edmaad, 015.
Boadle, WUlUm IL H., 9ia
Beales, Ellas 8., 915.
Beaa, Andrew B., 112, 891.
BMW, Irrlag H., 905.
Beaa, 8. B., 348. 351.
Bearre, Charles C.,915.
Bear«e, 8. B., 913.
Boardslee, Heary C, 902.
Beasley, John, 918.
Beok, Harry, 924.
Bdek, iriUlam, 917.
Beehwith, Amos, 37. 970, 971.
Beckwlth, Coloael, LocomotiTO, 80.
Beebe, Abaer ■., 893.
Beeeher, Henry Ward, 507.
Beek, Charles, 915.
Beers, George B., 923.
Begfs, J. G., 77, 981.
Behreas, Cooarod, 929.
Beleher, Charles, 913.
Belcher, J. H., 348.
Beldea, Bllsha, 916.
Belford, James B., 903.
Belger, James, 312.
Belkaap, WllUam B., 937.
Bell, C. T., 928.
Bell, JaiMS, 930.
Bell, John, 919.
BeU,Theo.8.,909.
Bell, Thomas, 934.
Bemis, Charles Y., 916.
Bemls,Jerrls,931.
Benedict, Henry H., 982.
Benedict, 8. G., 931.
Beakam, Boatoa H., 938.
Beakam, Heary W., 174, 17^ in.
Be^Jamla, Joha P., 908.
Be^lamla, Hary, 915.
Be^lamla, H. D., 915.
Bennett, Daniel 8., 923.
Beaaitt, John, 938.
Beatter, Jacob, 926.
Bentley, Lafkyette, 918.
Benton, n.SwS., 478.
Benton, Arthar, 933.
Beayaard, William H. H., 178. 170. 182.
Beresford, WUliam, 921.
Borgaer, George, 926.
Bernard, Samael, 981.
Berry, G. W., 909.
Berry, DTathaniel 8», 608L
Bertolet, Peter G., 898.
Bertram, Annie P., 915.
Bertram, John, 915.
Bertram, Hary A., 915w
Bertram, William, 906.
BessoB, Bael, 927.
BesaoB, Bael, Mrs., 927.
Best,JohBH.,906.
Best, Thomas C, 92a
Belts, George B., 927.
Bererloy, Joha E., 903.
Bererley, Joseph, 927.
Bick, SolomoB T., 917.
Blckfbrd, Daalel B., 915.
Blekford, William D., 916.
BickBeU,Z. L.,915.
Bieree, Laeias T., 911.
Bigelow, Heary W., Mrs.. 915.
Blgelow,J.C.,916.
Biggs, Hennaa, 222, 324, 325. 348, 345, 846, 350. 451.
Bigsby, Bei^amlB, 918.
Bllllager, Giles, 924.
BilllBgs, A. J., 891.
BUIiags, Darld, 9ia
BiUiags, Joseph D., 9ia
BllUags, Joseph H., 915.
BUIiags, William D., 9ia
BiBgham, Joha A., Commissioner, 90a
Biagham, Joha A,, Hon., 491.
Blagham, Jadsoa D., 826, 836, 828, 343, 845. 847, 850.
1056
INDEX.
n, WilllM, 9S7.
BUUIffWuMtfWM.
BM«wo«4, BielMH, 9».
BlrM7, DtfM B., 189.
Bln«7, WmiM, IM.
BldM^y A. W.
CorwponJwioe. fe* m Arkmmtag, AifL Om, ^f.
Milioy, L. J., 914.
BlMeU,!ConMB,982.
BUby, TkoMM B., 014.
Btaek,AlTlBM.,»29.
BlMk, Ba^lmlm, OIB.
BlMk, Juift D., 892.
BlMk« SMimI, 924.
BiMk, 8to»M7, 921.
Black, WIUUmi, 929.
BlMk,WUllMiT.,92«.
BlMktan,JMi«t,91&
BlMkfliri, Frucit WmOOQ.
BlMkBU, CkariM T. D.,928.
Blackav, Charltt, 918.
Blackitoek, ThMMs II., 981.
BlMkttOB»J. B.,924.
Blair, AmUb, 534, 808.
Blair, Piwk P., Jr., 199, 200; 894, 88T. 426, 429. 4S0l
Blair, WIIIUb ■., 889.
Blakfl,B4waHB.,898w
Blak«,8«BMaA.,917.
Blake, Sara B., 898.
Blaaehar«,JakaA.,91S.
Blaaay, BarM H., 918.
Blaaklakora, Aafaatat, 92ft,
BlasTalt, D. J., 923.
Bllfk, Tkonaa H., 926.
Bllaa, Alexaadar, 281, 880. 881, 843-445. 847. 850.
Bllu,ZMaaW.,892.
Bllf«B,C.B.,848.
Blackada.
BatabUakadbjliaKimlUaD in Mesloo, dedarwl |
Toid. 1006. 1007. I
Proclamation of tlw PrealdMit. 105-107.
Btockaoa,Oa?M,889.
Bladffott, eaHaer 8., 844, 800.
Blo«d,B.B.,345.35L
Bl0Mrai,Tttg,886.
Blow, Beary T.
ConeapondoBOO, A^i. Qon.'«Oflleo,n. & A.. 578.
Blow, WlUli, 917.
Blowing, Laara, 929.
Blao Bird, LocomoUTO. 84, 80, 542.
Blra, Gaata? , 923.
BlBMoakorg, Unpaid, 90a
Blant, A. P., 860.
Blast, CbarlOfl B., 183. 188.
Blaat, Hattkow ■., 911.
Blant, O., 743.
Blant, Paal (Sop. Beet., 8th Dlat. Maaa.), 91&
Blant, Paal (Bop. Boot.. Maaa.. at larse). 918.
Boat, Bobort, 904.
BoaidBMB, Balao74.,892.
Boards of BurollMnt.
Appointmont) otc., 618, 614.
Orjianlaation and managomont of offloeo, 614,
61^848-881.
Rogistor of nMOBboia. 891-911.
BoaidaoTI
luTOIid aoldiora, 547, 518.
OSoora Qnartormaator'a Dopt.. 3
Ofllcors Voteran Booenro Oorpo, 560. 561.
Volnntoor oiBoon ia aorrioo, aa to aMrllk Ola., 15.
Boards of Ofloork
BzaminatioB, 15, 88»-188, 547. 548. 56«. 551.
Gob-
Boam, WUUaai, 921
BodonhoBMr, WlUla« P., 907.
Bofao,BdwlB8.,921
Bokaa, Jaaoa, 924.
Bokn, P. B., 908L
Bolenlaa, A. W., 888.
BoUa,Allon,929.
BoUngor, Jokn, 927.
Bollrar, WUlkna, 91&
Bott,B.i.,68.
Bomf^iri, iaaoa T., 889.
Bonaparte, Ifapoloon, 916.
Bond, Bdward P., 906.
T.J.,44,97L
HIUadgoL.
ConeopondoBOo, A^latmnt and Inop
ocal of South OaroUna, 888.
Bonnoy, flonry, 918l
BoMlno,Bfan8.»805L
BooniorACo.,88.
Boono, John, 927.
Bootes, LoTi C, 910.
Booth, Byron, 081.
Boott, WlUlaa, 928.
Boas, Washington, 917.
Boston, Haas.
Opsrations (). M.'s DepartnoDt. 451, 4S8. 454.
Biote, July. 1863, 825.
BostoB, Poter, 916.
Bostwick, Israol, 980.
BotoB,BnMtt,915.
Bottloy,Honry,918.
Botts, Bollrar, 927.
Bonltor, Bdward, 980.
Bonnty.
Adranoo, 684, 685, 796-V96, 808.
ApproTfUtloBa, 489.
Paid during the war, 708, 7W.
Payment to caaso July 1, 1865, 56.
Persona of color f^oe Apr. 19, 1861, 806^89.
Romarks, J. B. Fry, 671-«76l
Signal Oorpa, 98.
8UTOodraned,657.
Stete, paid during the war, 740-740.
Suggeetiona, KnroUment Braaoh Ptoroo^Mar-
•hal-(3«Beral's Bureau, 725.
Troope mustered out, 12, 18. 52, 58, 1087.
Voteran, to Totoran volunteora sorrlng In aitil-
lery.fiO.
Bowdlteh, Henry I., 892.915.
Bowdlt€h,01lTla,915.
Bowdlteh, OllTlaY., 015.
Bowdlteh, W. J., Mrs., 915.
Bowdtoar, Samaol «., 915.
Bowea, Chaaaeey T., 929.
Bowen, Qeorge L., 929.
Bowen, James H., 929.
Bowon, James W.y 888.
INDEX.
1057
B«W«B, Ii«ft F., IQ6L
B«wtn, Tk»MM, 87ft.
B«wktr, Albert, 91S.
B«wlk7, WllMB» 910.
Bowles, CiMrlet 0., 981.
B«wlM,D»fldH.,988.
Bewiee, T. C, 837. 848, 861.
BowMiB, D»Tld, 898.
BowMam Dtfld P., 918.
Bowaui, Prederiek B«, 989.
B«waMB, Heary, 848.
Bowyer, George C, 900.
Bojree, Heary, 988.
Boyee, Nell, 925.
Bo7d, ▲■9«etat,347.
Bejrd, J. P., 844-840. 350, 907, 990.
Boyd, Join C, 894.
Bojrd, WIUlM B., 915.
Boyd, WlUlm C, 913.
BoyatOB, Oaidlaer B., 913.
BoyBtOB, a., 915.
Bojratoa, II., Mn., 915.
Brackett, llkert 0., 548.
Bradea, Darid, 908.
Brader, Joka, 935.
Bradfbri, AafaiUe W., 8U7, 0U6. 848.
Bradfnd, Bfaae, 920.
Bradford, H. J., 971.
Bradford, Bakert, 914.
Bradford, S. Nelioa, 888.
Bndley, Cleorge W., 344, 840, 848. 350. 881.
Bradley, Warrea, 988.
Bndikaw, Albert, 908.
Bradabaw, JaiMi H., 258, 468.
Braditreet, J. B., 922.
Brady, Jeka, 919.
Briff , BisxtOB.
Charged wiih condoot of military operatlona,088.
lCoBtioned.495,508,688.
Bragg, Oeaeral, C. S. 8., 478.
Braaaa, liaae 6., 915.
BnwaB,WI]llaBiL.,924.
Braalette, ThoauM B., 1X1. 188.
Braad, A. P., 896.
Braaaaa, Tkoaue, 924.
Brattoa, Jerry, 927.
Breek, Joeopk* 916.
Breck, 8aBiael.
OorrMpondenoe. See Adft. Oen.'$ OJIm, V,8.A.
Yoitioned, ioiO.
Breeklarldge, Joka C.
OoireepoBdcnce. See War Deparitnent^ O. 8,
Me&tlooed, SS&, 872, 490, 504. 090.
Breed, H. A., 916.
Breat, Ckarles W., 929.
BrewertoB, Heary, 163, 109.
Breweter, Jaeper P., 898.
Brewtter, Joka, 915.
Briee, Be^laala W.
OorreepoBdeaee. See F. M. Oen.'§ OJU*, U.S. A.
MentloBed, 11. 16, 22, 25, SO, 52, 53, 203, 521, 681.650.
799,801.1015,1087.
Paymaater-OeBoral, U. 8. A., 561.
Bride,WllllaaiJ.,915.
BrideB,8aBiBel,916.
BHdge, Ckariee A., 910.
67 B B^SBKIKS lUj VOL V
Bridge, H. W., 915.
Brledeaetlea, t., 987.
Brlea, WUIlaai, 887.
Briggi, Ceraellae, 919.
Briggi, PleailBg, 916.
Briggt, Batt., 920.
Briggi, 8llai P., 915.
Brigge, WlUUai g, 920.
Brtgkt.Ckarlet,927.
Brigkt, Jaawi* 919.
Brigkt,JoaatkaaB.,915.
Brigkt, Wllllaai Ellery, 015.
Brigktaiaa, €eorge, 980.
Briak, Oeorge W., 926.
Briakerkoff, B., 326,343.848.
Briatoa,J. B.,1040.
Briibia, Janet 8., 128.
Brfelta, Ckarlei, 925.
Brtitol, 8ilai B., 930.
Broad, Ira, 915.
Broadkead, Joka H,, 329. 337, 800.
BroBiIey, Isaac H., 898.
Broasoa, Tkeo. B., 894.
BrookkoBse, Boberi, 915.
Brooks, Be^Jamla, 915.
Brooks, Ckarles, 68
Brooks, Ckarles H., 914.
Brooks, Eaos C, 896.
Brooks, €eorge H., 915.
Brooks, Jaaies, 312. 848.
Brooks, TkOBias, 021.
Brooks, Wllllaai, 900.
Brooaikall, Joka M., 924.
Broagk, Joka, 25. 210. 634, 048, 649.
Browa, Abraai, 921.
Browa, Aadrew C, 891.
Browa, Be^Jaala, 915.
Browa, Boadll, 924.
Browa, Ckarles B., 91L
Browa, Daaiel, 025.
Browa, Daaiel A., 913.
Browa, Daaiel 8., 901.
Browa, Darid P., 924.
Browa, Edward P., 914.
Browa, George W., 925.
Browa, JaaMs (Mass.), 916.
Browa, Jam»s (Rep. Beet.. 4th Dial Maas.), 919.
Browa, Jaaies (Rep. Beet.. 4th Diet. Maiia ), 923.
Browa, Jaaies (Rep. Keeu, 10th Diau Maea.), 918.
Browa, James ■«, 897.
Browa, JaiMS B., 875.
Browa, Jared, 981.
Browa, Jlai, 916.
Browa, Joka (Rep. Reet., 9d Dial K. H.). 914.
Browa, Joka (Rep. Rect, 4th Dist Maaa.). 915.
Browa, Jeka (Rep. Root., 4th Diet Haaa.), 922.
Browa, Joka B., 913.
Browa, Joka 8., 927.
Browa, Joseph E., 601, 692.
Browa, Josepk H., 483.
Browa, Barskal L., 922.
Browa, N. B., 924.
Browa, Orliude, 909.
Browa, Peter (Iowa), 031.
Browa, Peter (Uaafe.),919.
Browa, Bobert D., 908.
1058
INDEX.
Browsyg. B.,87,9S.
BrowB, 8. Loekwood.
CoiTMpo&d6&06,QiiaitermMter-QenenI*8 Ofllott,
U.S. A.. 805. 308. 311.
Mentioned, 287, SOO-Uli, 848, 850.
Brown, 8Minel, 918.
Brown, Soanol W., 018.
Brown, Thonuit (Rep. Boot.. 8d Diet Haas.), 021.
Brown, Tkoniee (Rep. Reel., 4th Diet Maee.), 030.
Brown, W. H., 851.
Brown, Wnrren, 080.
Browo, Wlllard, 018.
Brown, Wllll«n, 028.
Brown, Wllllani B., 023.
Brown, Zenoi, 015.
Browne, Wllllea H., 880.
Brownell, Seainel C, 007.
Browner, Jokn, 020.
Browning, George T., 258, 847, 34&
Browneon, Harrj, 351.
Bmee, Daniel, 010.
Bmce, Jaaea, 018.
Bmce, Jerrj, 028.
Bnee, P. A., 015.
Bnicli,8a»nel,3e8,8(i7.
Bmere, Theodore, 008.
Bmner, Iiaae 0., 024.
Bmni, Bernard, 007.
Bmawick, Locomotive, 35,542.
Bryan, Thomai B., 818.
Bryant, Dexter, 015.
Bryaat, Edwin E., 008.
Bryant, Panl, 018.
Bryant, Richard, 018.
Bryaat, 8., 031.
Bryani, Kancho, 015.
Bachanaa, Bobert C, 880.
Barhler, George N., 027.
Back, laaae N., 313, 314, 387.
Backbee, Bo^lamln, 023.
BBcklngham, WilUani A., 808.
Backley, J. D., 020.
Baekner, B. P., 000.
Baeckner, Lonia, 024.
Baflklo, Locouotiye, 80.
BnSngton, Jalian, 020.
Bnllkni, George R., 664.
Bagh, irilllani A., 006.
Bnlkley, Charles 8., 866.
Ball, Henry K., 023.
BaU,8. O.,071.
Ball, William M., 807.
Ballard, W. 8., 016.
Ballard, WiUlaai U, 915.
BnUock,D. D.,347.
Ballock, George, 024.
Banker, Henry, 031.
Bnrbank, Alex., 801.
Bnrhrldge, Stephen G., 122. 123. 373. 406, 504.
Barchard, Charles (Maee.), 015.
Barchard, Charles (Wia.), 006.
Barchard, 8. D., 312.
Bareaa of Colored Troops.
Operations, 1865-66, 132, 137-140, 1029-1031.
Barean of ConfMerate ArehlTOs, A. G. 0,
Sstab1iabed,05.
Lleber.F., Chief. 05.
Bnmaa of Coaaerfptlon, C. 8. A.
Operations, April, ISei-Febraary, 1805,686-711.
Bnreaa of Military Jnatlce.
Digeetofopinione Judge- Advocato-Genenl 4M.
Holt J., Judge- Adroeate^eoeral, U. & A., 581,
Operationa, 1865 and 1868, 40(MM, 538,588, 1008.
(pinions, reviewa, ete. See Judffe-Ad»oea»$-
Oener€^r$ Oj^m^ JT. & A.
Bnreaa BefWgeea, PreedaMS, A AiwadMied Laada.
Abandoned landa, eto., 19^ 20, 51.
Aasistant commiaaionera, 20, 43, 44.
Clerical force and qnarten, 10.
Bstablished and fVinoUona defined, 10, SO.
Howard. 0. 0., aaaigned as CommiaaioBer, Ml
Romarks, Secretary of War, 538. 1043-1045.
Supervision, etc., fkvedmen. 10, 20, 43, 44.
BHrfbid,8aaiael,020.
Bargees, George D., 001.
Bargeaa, Jaaiee, 013.
Bargees, John A., 016.
Bnrgeee, Robert 0., 024.
Bnrgeaa, T. H., 005.
Bnrgin, John F., 46. 48. 537, 071. 008.
Bnrke, HIchael, 020.
Barley, Aagnstas H., 020.
BBmett,Mlnton,017.
Bnmhani, Artkar H., 166.
Bamham, Edwaid P., OlJ.
Bnmhani, J. A., Mrs., 015.
Bamham, Jennie D., 015.
Bnmham, John A., 016.
Bnmham, John A«, Jr., 015.
Bamham, Haria D., 015.
Bnraside, Ambrose R., 120, 135. 130, 363, 406, 496,
003,004.
Bamside, James O. P., Oil.
BarT,A. G.,848.
Barr, Jackson, 015.
Bnrr, John, 015.
Bnrr, Lewie, 015.
Bnrr, Baymend, 346. 348,350.
BarrlU, Jabex L., 027.
Bnrris, William, 020.
Bnrroagh, Jim, 020.
Barronghi, George, 165.
Bnrrowman, John, 020.
Bart, Anftin, 030.
Barton, A. B., 024.
Bnrton, Benjamin, 351. 387, 301.
BnrtOB, George W., 602, 787.
Bnrton, Silas, 026.
Barwell, Caleb, 026.
Bash, Warren P., 016.
Batter, Aaam, 020.
Bntler, Benjamin F., 104, 167. 183. 1R5. 186, 344, 3G.
880, 382. 883, 467, 406, 408, 503. 797, TOO.
BBtler,BHrtts,017.
Batler, Jamea P., 805.
BaUer, John, 018.
Batler, Matthew C., 430.
Batter, Peter, 016.
Batter, Beaben, 018.
Batler, Walter, 022.
Batler, WUliam, 020.
BBtterfleld,Jonaa,087.
Bnttrick, Edwin L., 006.
Bntta, Prank, 018.
INDUL
106»
By■l^ClMllMC•,•l7.
C TIMbMi, LoMMDothrekM.
OUmlMlw, II«org« B., S48, SSI, MQl
C)iiw«ll,Bwtaa,MI.
Cai7,lllFMtlC
CdUdl, LAWRMt ■•« 8M.
Giklll,rtMkP.«M.
Gy4w«ll, BMBla^fU.
Gittsftrl>Mit<C).
Apr.a»iiLian.«i,<n.
Calls ftr TrMpi (U.)*
Apr.lM»1.60il
Jolyt ISO. 608,6011
JuM 16,1688. 616.
Pet 17. 1888, 688 6W.
Feb. 1. Mar. 14, 188A, 68S-687.
Jttly 18. 1884, 687-688.
Bcaponaea io «aU Itor mllitta, 88^886.
Spaslal. 1862-1884. 616.
Spadal tervlea In Kentaakj, 616.
Thna mtmihrn* or lata Mrrloa, 646,647.
CaMaraBt DagaM 0.9 006.
9 886.
GuB^ BUaha K., 887-888, 461.
Caaip, Krakiaa ■•, 861, 887.
Caaif, Haffk IT., 883.
CaaipalfB af tka GaraltauM. Jan. 1-Apr. 86, 1866^
OpanlngoooimaBicatiim with Shanaaa vtaOapa
Vter BiTar, N. Ch 419-48L
407, 418-418, 481-480, iMfi p. 486, 418-181.
Bailraada and aquipBMBta, 88-87. 668-648, 868-
871.008-886.
lUanarlra, fleawtory of War. 606.
Signal oparationa. 168.
Bnbalatanaa itoiaa tnnaportad by QaartHMaa-
tar*a Dapartmanl, 428, 428.
Gmpball, AntlMB7 F.» 823.
CaaiikaD,€karlaa,014.
€aavMI,lhirM,81C
,811.
,016.
>W.,016l
€anp»aU,Hagli8.,688.
GmpMU, JaiMa B., 686L
CaBipkan,Jalm,827.
GanpkaU, Jakn B;, 846. 847. 846.
GaapkaU, WlUlaa H., 888.
Caaby, BdwaH B. 8.
Correapondanea, A4)L Oaa.'aOfllea^U. & A., 106.
Mantionad, 166, 167, 216, 228^ 226, 281, 287, 866, 5M,
666,007,618,1066.
Onflald, Silas, 81&
Caatiraa,JaeabT.,780i
CwtwaU, Jakn T., 168.
Oipa Faar Blvar, IT. G*
BsBMiTal of obatraettona and opMing «
CafMy Bdwavi, Jr., 81C
€Sid,Ba^|aariaG.
CocvMpoodanai^Qaartani
U.&A., 881, 822; 888^ 888.
Manttonad, ai8» 806^ 886^ 848, 86O1
OMaf,laaB.,446u
0Maf,IsBaaB«,816.
0Maf,HathanlalB«,81C
OMSy, Orrla, 887.
Ouiatan,4aaiM B., 448,487.
Gaillla,T.J.,848,86L
Cariln, WUllaai P., 416^481. 428.
Garllag, Blku B., 880. 847,866.
Camaa, Ooatga W., OIC
Camay, Jama !>•, 816.
Carpantar, Abiabaa, 888.
Catpantar, Jaaaa 8., 688.
Carpanfttr, 8. T. B., 887.
Carr, Byran 0., 844, 846, 887.
Carr, Jaha W.. 087.
Carrall,I.lf.,671.
Camll,WllllaBi,022.
Carrall, WlUlaa C, 610,006.
Cartavan, Bavid B., 084.
Caraan, Lagan, 817.
CarswaU, Babart B., 881.814.
Cartar,B.C.,861.
Cartar,Jaek,818.
Carlar, Laka, 816.
€aHar,WIIUaai H.,]fn.,888.
Cary, Chailaa 8., 686.
Cary,
Cteyl,i
CaM, Laanart, 827.
Caaa,W.«.,]Cia.,086.
CaMy, ThasMa Ii., 168, 168, 108.
Gaa,Jafca,816.
Caabart, Haetar, 820.
CaMalbarry, D. Hargan, 887.
Cafaldy,Patil6k,688.
CaswaU,Jaaepb,821.
CaswallfL. B.9 806.
Cathcart,JahnW.,886.
Cathaart, Babart, 800.
CadarCrtakfTa.
Batlla,Oet.]8,1864,600.
OMalbrd, WlUlaai, 80,87, 868, 871.
P.A.,81C
ilal,088.
Chadaay* A. B., 888.
Cbadwlak,C.C.,816.
iBalF.,602,767.
unaaB.,604.
GbaaibarlaiB,H.S*,848.
Chaaribarlln, Frank 0., 888.
Gbanibarlln, Wabstor B., 886.
Cbanibara, Watran 0., 827.
au»paay, Wmiani B., 816.
Gbandlar, Charlai H., 801.
Ckandlar, Jakn fi., 887,846,860.
1060
INDEX.
Chaifai,UwaiiP.,916.
€tevlB,H«nMih916.
CkmflM, Honee B.^ 916.
■»917.
■, CfWWM W.t 919.
B, K. 0., 338, aoe, 8U, as7, 848, au.
■) ■• T,f 878.
OwfauB, FulkMr, 916.
Chapmui, Fnad* L., 916.
, Gates, Jr., 916.
,JoMitiMaJ.,900.
GhAriet BartoB. Steamer, 13.
GharleatoB, WUliaa, 987.
GkaritoB, Saaiael t., 886.
Gkaae, Fraderkk T., 916.
Chaae,8alaiMiP.,68S.
Ghai« HIaoi, LooomotlTe, 67, 80i
Gkedell,J«hBH.,988.
Gkedell, Joka H., Mr».. 988.
GlMeae)r,A.4.,92,868.
CteritiMy Aadrew 4., 886.
Gheddn, Charles W., 898.
Chetlatai, Aaffastes L., 123.
Ghetwoa6, QeorfS B., 887.
Chew, Barld, 816.
Gkleago, in.
Operations Qoartemaster'a Dept., 468-466.
ehleavo (IlL) Tbies, 888.
ChlduMUMga, C. 8. 8., 479. 480.
GUekerteff, Heary, 916.
GUef, LoeoBOtiTe, 84, S43.
€klef ■■storlBf OBcers.
Disbandment of the Amy, 36-88, 68.
GhIlders,JehBW.,937.
Chttds, Alezaaier C, 916.
Chins, Lather, 91&
GhIlds,irilliaaiC.,91&
ChlpBua, Oeerge, 914.
Chlima,RortoBP.,49S.
Choato, Charles, 916.
Chrlstmaa, Baos L., 886.
ChristMa, WIDIaai 0., 896.
Chrlstophar, Steamer, 479.
Chahhack, Hollls 8., 886.
Chaich,Be^|.B^916.
Chaich, Christopher A., 91&
Chanh, Piederiek L., 91&
Chaieh, ThoBUM, 929.
Cllle7,4ohaK.,848,86L
CUclaaatt, Ohio.
Operations of supply depots Qoartanaaster's
Department. 818, 318, 486^ 486, 447, 448.
City Point, Ta.
Depot for repairs, etc., 460-468.
OfUCoarts.
Jnrisdiotlon over persona ImM to odlitary aerv'
100,689,636.
Clflllaa Baipioy6s.
Caenaltiee among, of P. M. Oea.'s Borsan, 913.
Military organisation, 347, 34&
Ctaffett^ Brastas B., 914.
€taip,B6wia,916.
Ctaip,ThaMeas,916.
Clara Betsoa, Steamer, 418.
Chut,
Clarfc, C. W., 91C
Chwk, Charles P., 9ia
Clarfc, ChuaaeeH., 926.
Clarfc, Cyras 8., 918.
Clarfc, B. A. H., 916.
Clarfc, B. W., 928.
Clarfc, B.W., Mrs., •».
Clarfc, Bdward, 699.
Clarfc, UwiaB^ 960.
CfaHfc, Frank, 914.
Clarfc, 0. P., 846.
Clarfc, Oeorge, 987.
Clarfc, James P., 91&
ClaA, Joha, 944. 971. 908.
Chwfc,Joha«.,S66L
Chwfc, Joosph 8., Mrs.. 98B.
Clarfc, Castas, 88L
Clarfc, LalhyoMs, 915.
Clarfc, Lewis, 990.
Chwfc, Beahoa P., 9».
Clarfc, 8. B., 886.
Ch»fc,8feBesr,916.
Clarfce, LooomotiTe, 80i
Clarfce,Charlee,914.
Clarfce, Praaels N.
OorrespondeBce, A4)t. Gea.*a
MentJeiied.888.
Clarfce, James P., 816.
Clarfce, Baaesm, 921.
Clarfce, BkhardH., 888.
Clarfce, SassaatftUw
Clarfce, SIdaey, 890.
Clary, BshertB., 847.
Clay, Heary, 921.
Claytoa, Hoary, 960.
Cleghora,JohaP.,806.
Clemsas, 0. H., 471.
ClsaMBi» Wimam W., M.
CISMBt, Joha K., 896.
I Jr», 886.
SeeJfMslwv^lhs
Oaeo.U.S.A..9L
«•»«
Operations sapply dopota, 318, 31% 333. 8
487,447,446,466^63.
Bemarfca. A. J. FOrry. 380^364.
Sale of nnservioeahle^64.
Captored tnm enemy, 840.
( .'aptaved or deatroyed by enemy, S4L
Claims rsoeiTed and a^Jadleatod, 287.
Bxpond!toraa,284,383.
Higheat and lowest pxioee paid daring 1
war, 386.
On hand at depota—
June 80, 1864, 364.
Jane 80b 1866, 338. S76-«8.
Jane 80. 1886, 328. 224. 266-374.
Pnrehaaea ainee May, 1861, 1
BsoeiTsd aad eapeaded daring year eadiaf
June 80, 1606,8891
Cleagh, Ja Ba, 961.
Cloagh, Hary B., 861
Cloagh, Hoarse, 91A
Cloath,0. W.,97L
IHDBX.
1061
CiMgky wminiy Jr., «L
Ctowty, B>ttrt C.
GorrMpoiMlBiiM, A. Stafar« ML
Mentioned, IM, Ml, M»-a«.
Oebb,fleeit«WM«9.
,411,607,701.
Ookk,WllllniT.,n«.
CotiM, JaaM, ML
foinm, fleeife W., 018.
Cetari,J.T.B.,M&
Oedmn, Aminw C, 014.
Oedtfnn, Jota B., 0OL
Oednne, W. H. B., Ml, SM, 881.
Cee,llkertI..,4W,411.
Oefln, Seaiel, OM.
CesvMhell, June* H., 888.
Oefgtwell, Fnndi, 018.
Oeffiwidlf Qeerft, 018.
Geffiweii, JnMfl H., 018.
Ce«nven, MUten, 648w
CelHtn, fleerfc W., 018.
eeIknni,W.J.,8«8-
(Mk7, Albert!.., 018.
Celby, Aitli«n7, 801.
eelb)r«lenflelJ.,017.
eelb)r,FitHelL,018.
Cele,€lnileaC.,0Q7.
Gele,O.P..886.
Gele,J.B.,010.
Gele,iehnO.,80ft.
»OaTM,0OL
lyOSL
Colfbx,Seb«7ler.
Oomtpondenoe. See Ooh^'wm, IT. 8.
Colleaef«,Jebn,0l7.
telUer, Alberto., 008.
telUne, A., 011.
teillnt, Fraderiek, 0».
GeDlns, Oeerve* Jr., 028.
Centals, Winiea (ReiK Seet., BIkDIet Umm,h OH.
GolUee, WlUlea (Rep. Beet, 7th Dint Meas.), 016.
GoUtaii, Wmiui H., 111,810.811^006^
eel1na,WIIllMF.,0C8.
Cetanan, Gkeriei B., 007.
Cetasn, Btephem, 017.
Oeleael Beekwith, Looomotlve, 80.
Celenel B. G. HeCeUui, LoeonwtlTe. 78, W.
Celeael Webster, LooomotlTe, 84, 642.
GeleMbIn (Pe.) Benk, 026.
Cemlnfe, Abnbaai, 007.
CoHeundlnff Generals.
Staff offieers, 134, 126.
BisbendineDtor tbe Army, 20-08.
Oemblinf-bonaes, 66.
GesBilsaurles ef Masters.
Dtabendmsnt of tbe Anny. 20-28.
Begiments en ronte for States for llnal peyment,
eto.,2S.
Beporta of nnistars ont, 28*
Geauilsslener Bnrsen B., F., A A. L.
Appointment, eompensation, etc., 10, M.
Bee also Other O. Rowttrd.
Awards to owners of slsTes enlisting, 867. IMO,
1081,1046.1048.
XleetioB, to Mlnneeota Volnntesti, OOL
See also Jsnrd» V 0§mr;
PenaHssleners Beurds ef Bnralbnent.
List of appointed, ete., 801-011.
«, Loeomottre, 84.80,642.
I Honey.
A wards to owners of alBffea SBllslInf, 887, 884.
GoUeetion, eto.. during yenr I886i 488, 4M.
Disposition snd sppUention, «»-8e7, 780-788. 788,
7W, 707, 788.
Dnfled men. Aet of Mar. 8, 1881, 8I7-«S8.
B4enni4, rsoslpto and ezpsoditmns, S10. 111.
OymsB.
Mentioned, 188. 4M.
HarratiTe eoDated from report, 0M.
Oondit, Bdmrd 8., 810, 0«.
Gsnfodemis Amiss, Bnrrsndsr*
Benisrks, E. M. Stanton, 607.
vsnndemte Cnlssfs.
Proeiamation of the Prealdent, 1&
€enfMente States Oelorsd Troops.
BeemitBent of, Mithorised, VII , 712.
Conlsealien of Property.
Ueedfort
C8.
Oorrespondenee, Jeflhrson DstIs, 8M.
Bmpl4^yment of negroes, 711, 711
Generaltn-Obief Armlee OottfodemtoStatsa.888.
Orgnnlsation, eto., of Army. 6M. Ml.
Bongiesi, P. 8.
Bnrsaa of Beftigees, Frsedmen, nnd Abnndsnad
L«nda,18,M.
Oolorsd troops, 8OMB0.
Oooks and eooklng, 887.
Oorrespondenee, War Department, U. 8., 1008.
Hnroltanent, eto., of national ftieee, 887.
FagltlTesUTes.8B4.
Mflssagee of the President. 0. 888-877.
WlfeandchUdrsBofoolondsoldlerersallor 8M.
OenkllB, James T., 844» 848. 880. 887.
Conn, Alszandsr, 282, Ml.
BeprasentattTs reendto and pifnotpale, 882, 682.
Stats bounty, 740. 741.
Gsnneetient, G«f«mor of.
Got I eepondenoe :
A^utan^Oeneral'sOfiee,17. 8. A.,20. 42, 48. 64.
Llneoln, Abraham, Ml.
Cenneetlent Troops.
Artillery, Ligbt-Ba««riM; let, 81.
Infontry-B^tlisMnCt: 8th,llth,677T8Mh CfA-
ored),lM.
Conness, Stephen, 086.
Connor, P. Bdwari, 407.
Conor, Wadilngten, 01&
ConoTsr, Banlel A., OM.
Conrad, TleterL.,OM.
Aet of C. 8. Oongress. Apr. 18, 1888. 088, 80ft.
Exemption, details, etc., 684, 8M, 800-711.
BesuHs, April, 1888-Febniary, ]888k8M 711
1062
INDBX.
OMtneti.
BaeniltiiiffatnlM.8001
€Mk, JtlBy MS.
OMk,JoiliAP.,916.
€Mk«, Hmmt A.y 891.
OMkt, PMUp 9t CtoMg«» 1088.
€Mks.
1>MidlflMlMrTlot,867.
XaUstment of B«gro nnder-oooka, 807.
CMtoj,fniikllB9 808.
OotlMi«y€hHl*i,804.
CMlMf«, mUkaH H.» 6«8, 788.
G««B,AaMB.,848,0OI.
€MBrtd, Itrmlali, 9S7.
Cs^nTi Bt^lflHiB V«f 908.
OMftr, BwrtM, 818.
C««fer, GhttlMy 811.
0Mitr9lI.K.
OoRwpoiideBoe. 8m DwiM O. JfoCtoliiim.
itaitioiMd.ees.
CMptr,Wlllli,8tt.
0«plej,JoiiA^888.
tepi^ 4uM« B., 887.
Otriallai, Mwwi, 817.
C^rtf , Bo^UilB, 8IA.
Gtraj,4wMH.,981.
Om«1ii«,B.,847.
CMidA»J.ir.,807.
OBrM,J«haH.,lM.
Omvm, WIUImi, 887.
OMirta,llekMri,818.
C*nr,Bc^|MdBF.,88L
C*r7«U, iMhuiy 888, 861, 448b
Colter, CIttilM B., 884.
CMeb, Dvtai V., 81,880.
Cwcht Umntif LooomotiT^ 88.
OMeh,l*k«rt,nC
Craitor,4okaB.,881.
,881.
ISowtety, iaa«, 816.
09WHI, SlMB H., 81C
eMr4tt,WllllniHM8n
Ofim, B« B*| 86k
CBWflll, telTla, 808.
CowlM, HMirjr 4., 88L
Cto, ClwgoH.,881.
Cm, JMdkP., 80.889,0881
0«z,TkMMsJ.,848,881.
Ocyl*, Bftn«r, 9S6.
Otfl*9'«ka,994.
CMf,JMMiB.,8».
Cniff,P,8.,98.
CMb,PiW.,861.
Cl»tM,8.B.,90t.
Ctmi, BaanalMr, 918.
€nHi8«U,P«terB.,886.
Gf«M, lite H., 807.
GnM, Cfni B., 891.
Cnas, Bdwte, 928.
IW.,980.
CilM, Hmim 0., 808.
CnM, JtlBC., 896,848,489,470^888.
Cnmtf i9dkmkf 8IC
Gnat, Baanl B., 918.
GrMk«j,PtMk,816.
CfBwteri, 8iaMl W., 71.
GrMi, Walter B., 828.
OreMMt atj, Wbarf bout, 4tt.
GrilkFtJMtik9 8S7.
Grillf,muMte4.
OorrMpoDdoBM:
DonaldMB, J. L^ 478.
HeCiaiaBi,D.C.,478.
<). M. Q«iMnl*s Ofltee. U. & ▲., 488, 480L
McotiOMd. 88,8801 847, 860b 48»-iU, 4»,«n,iH^
€HnMB, Omii, 8TL
GrMktr, Alftefl.,88L
GrMkMT, Bpknta, 918.
GrMktr, jMoky 916.
OTMfc, 0tMyt876,878,488
Grtptojr, Baatol, 888l
CrMk7,Blxl,881.
CNtk7,B.P., 818.
Grtana, 0«oi«« H.
OoffrwpaidflBoa, Q. M. G«n.'s (MBeai.U. & ▲..4J8.
MMittoiMd. 818» m. 860. 488.
GrMa,B.C.,807.
OfOM, Jowdsk H., 807.
GrMa,£irtlMB,818.
Gtmi, OAotb, 847, 948. 888.
Growoli, J«ha B., 848. 887, 888.
Gr«wl«j, Bttevjr B., 888.
CmteihJ«hBT.,601.
Gi!VUi«Wiilla^818L
Cr«tteM8w, J— 1 B., 888t 888. 888. 848,84818801
Cm, Blekttd, 887.
CtivM, Chutes B., 8».
C«lT«r, Bonwi ■., 8W.
CMIlktriM*, BljlltMIBltf tB8,
MUiteiy tetegmph •pOTttoas, »71..«»l
QMTtonMtar'ft OtpMtteMl. 118,
Cuategt, AteuBiar, m.
CandBn,fi. W.,780.
CwudBfi, Umc, 880.
CiwbIbi, iMtpk e., 996.
CnBtaflMM,JMl88.
CmtafkaiBf V. B., 801.
Cinrte,WllUm,848.
Cinrter, CInriM fl., 918.
Curtor,eilMB,818.
Gnrter, BMrj, 888.
Carrtor, HM4f , 81^
Cwitar,TlteMB,917.
CuT7, AtewMJar, 988.
CuT7, AlltB, 088.
CuT7,miUaa8*,004.
Cutte,AMi«we.
OunMpimdaaoa, 8
ICandonad, 000^ 848.
Om,^.
Guila,Alfta«,91C
IHDEX.
106<
Cvtte, Ototgt fl., 91C
Ciitit, Jaa«ty 787.
Cartlt,HUkMMB.,ni.
CirtU, 8nMl B., 4M, 487.
GutlM, Wancr H., 807.
Cnir^By JnMfl B., 816.
CmihlBf , Prnklia K., 018.
C«tklBV,MkhMl,918.
CaaktaV, WUIImi T., BT.
Cathk«iM«» J«ha, 888.
CaylM', JuM« W.y 181.
Ci7ltr,WIIllai,8B.
Cyirtkl«M«K7.
▲etiom June 18, 1864, 504.
P. H. BMkar, LooomotlTe, 8Ql
•«»•, Mark, 086.
Bate, dttrici H., 020.
Bate, 8«arf« 1., ois.
,or.
Itaaiaer, Thaaaa W.y 080.
IK., 817.
»017.
BaanU, Aadnw H., t86.
llaBa,GfearitiA.
AMtotaot Seeretary of War, 681.
OorrMpondanea, War Department, V. fl., 40.
Mentioned, 581.
,1.1., 017.
,4a»etJ.
ComspondeBoe. Q. M. Qen.'e OfBoe, IT. 8.A.,815.
Mentioned, 848, 818, 814. 648, 850.
lhMa,L.AM017.
Daaa, Maiy H., 014.
Baaa, BIckard H., 017.
BaMS Saaiael, 806, 808, 808. 787, Oil.
Baaalry, John, 018.
Baaee, Beoige, 013.
Bandy, fleorge B., 880.
BaaferfleM, John, 086.
Baalel, Paal, 017.
Baalalt, fieorfi B., 028.
Baalelt, Patrick, 080.
Baslelt,W.H., 848.851.
BaBB,BaridJ.,08].
Barr, Joaepk, Jr., 880.
Barrow, Ckarlee, 487.
Baraaport, Jokn, 017.
Barldeon, Tag. 470.
BarMeoa, JaMoa W., 805, 816.
Battot, B. F., 017.
Barie, A. P., 801.
Barie, Gkarlea E., Jr., 017
Barie, Beaala, 016.
Baria, B., 018.
Baria, Bpkraha, 016.
Baria, Btkaa, 017.
Baria, «. W., 861.
Ba?la« Ctoarge W», 806.
Baria, Jefl^raoa.
Oorreepoadenoe:
Oongi'MB, C. B., 680.
War BepartaientiO. 8., 688.
Monttoned. 14, 403, 408, 486, 607, 608, 801-680, 680,
718,888,885.
Batla, JaBkraoa— Contlnned.
Outlawry ordan, 711
Baria, i^WuwB .€., 804, 807, 408, 400, 418, 418^181,
1,816.
Baria,OaaarF.,800.
Baria, Pator, 010.
Baria, Pklneaa B., 888.
Baria, Bakart, 010.
Baria, Baaaal T., 006L
Baria, WimaaF., 006.
Bay,B.fi,,0a8.
Bay, Hatey, 018.
Bay,JanafkaaB,,817.
BaytaB,BaaM,808.
P., 817.
817.
ۥ H*, 887.
Baaaa, Ckarlaa, 017.
BaBaBrille,laMea8.,fl
Becker, Petar 8., 807.
Becker, Pklllpl., 086.
Be Paraat, 9m W«
Corraapondenoe, Proveat • Marakal • Oeaaial*a
OIBoe,U.&A.,648.
Mentlonad,80a.
Begen, Bmat, 086.
Chief of Bngfaieera, n. 8. ▲., 58t
Coneapondenoe. See Bngimer DfpC, U. & A.
Mentioned, 15. 168, 188, 688, 680^ 681, 1041.
Belaay, Alftad, 780.
Belawara.
▲warda to owaera of iAKf— enllatlBi, 1080, 1031.
State bonaty, 744. 746.
Belawara, Oarenor of.
CorreapoBdeace, AOntaat • Oeneral'e OIHce.
U.S. A., SO. 48, 48, 54.
Belawara Troopa.
ArtUlery, Heavy— Oioi]Nm««a? Akl*a, 0
Beller,Joka,018.
Bel Teceklo, Jaaaa B., 848.
Be Marce, ioaepk, 014.
Bealo, Joka H., 083.
Bealaan, B. C, 006.
Beaala, Fnuiklla A., 084.
BeBnla,J.4.,000.
Bennlaan, Willlaa, 14. 80, 676.
Benay, Baamel, 080.
Benton, Bkaa, 017.
BepartHont GaBawadara.
Dtobandment of ike Army, 80-88.
Onmblinf •booaea, 58.
Geneaal and ataff olileera to be reUoTad, 48.
Berfekaaa, Barid T., 800.
Appiehenalon and deUyery, 100-118. 488, 480. 600,
668, 668, 676.478, 780-768, 1017.
Confederate, 711.
Drafted men, 186.
Habeaa oorpna, 688.
Reported by commaadera, 786.
Spedal eanaea operatinf to pradnoe deaartSoa,
678.
1064
INDEX.
D«Mrttr»-^CoiitlniMd.
Sarrendered under PrMldent's proolaowtloii,
D« 8«to, Steamer, 478.
Detrlek,4oluiK.,90ft.
Detroit, Steemer. 72.
Deml,AkrakuiC.,Ml.
Derenix, 4. H., LooomottTe, 80.
Devmrniz, iota, 910.
DeTereuy Join H., 981.
DeToe, Jueee T., 927.
Derol, Cluli, 939.
Oe Witt, AlezMder, 984.
Dexter, Bdwte F., 914.
Dexter, J. B., 848.
DIekenoB, A. W., 92.
DIekertom, J. 0., 918.
Dlekeraea, Jolui H., 288, 808L
DlckhBt,WlllluiC.,989.
DlekUnoa, A. W., 083.
DIcklBioa, A]exMider,817.
DIekiOB, Harrj, 921.
DlekiOB, WllllM G., 197.
Dtoftadorf, Jaaei, 906.
Dl8gt,JekBH.,915.
Dlfgt, Wallaee, 981.
Dflllliifffeaai, Alexaader, 918.
Dnifa^kui, Ckarlee, 917.
Dlxuioek, Gertkoa B., 989.
DlBfee,JMieeE.,926.
DlikMdMeBt of tke Armj.
DeUnqneaoiee of officers charged with execu-
tion of detaila, 28, 29. 82, 63.
Bzhiliita, 832, 983, 978. 1006, 1018, 1013, lOU.
Interpretation of general order for redaction of
expenaea, etc., 42, 43.
Laat organiiation, officer, and enllated man dis-
charged, 1047.
Hen muatered oat, May 1-Nov. IS, 1865, 134, 138.
Orderaaad InstmoUona, 1, 4, 5^ 11, 12, 16, 30-33. 25.
42-44. 48-62, 66-62, 66, 66, 98-99, 106, 1&6, 157.
168, 212, 516. 517, 577-680. 1018, 1047, 1048.
Oattlne of method, 1-8.
Semarki:
Grant, U.S., 126.
Secretary of War, 510-614. 517. 518, 1081.
Townaend, B. D., 131, 182.
Yinoent, T. M., 186, 186.
Transportation. 281-288, 801-305.
See also JfiMter out it^ VokaUeen,
DItknning Officers.
Gambling or visiting gambling-hoosea. 58.
Discharged Soldiers.
Artifldal Umba and appliances, 1087.
Payment to^ of booaty, etc, 12, 18, 52, 53, 1087.
Discharge of Ballsted Hen.
Deaertera reporting under President's procla-
mation, 4.
Detached, in confinement, etc., 60.
DlsabiUty,42,48.
Drafted men held as deserters, 126.
Patients in boepltal, 4, 5, 26, 60.
Right to, of certain men of Y. R. C, 66. 550.
District or Colambla.
Local bounty, 744, 745.
RepresentatiTe reoraits and principals, 926, 982.
DIatHet of OolnmMs TrMpa.
Cavalry— J?<pia>«ito : let, 157, t68L
Dlfea, Alezaader 8., 888.
DIx, 4lenenl, Looon»otivek80.
Dlz,JohBA.
CorreapondeBoe, Adjutant • Ganoml'i
U.S. A., 44.
Mentioned, SO. 68, 976.
DIx, iokB H., 917.
DIx, Peter, 921.
DIxoB, A. K. P., 918.
DIxOB, Hearj, 988.
DIxweU, B. 8., 817.
Dohhina, JaiMs H., 889.
Dodge, George 8.
Correspondence, A. Ainsworth, 478.
Mentioned. 219, 827. 344, 846, 880, 886. 478.
Dodge, GrsBTllle H.
CknrespoBdence, AdUt. Oen/a Oflfea, U. & A., 98.
Mentioned, 987.
Dodge, Blehard I., 110,888,898.
Dodge, Theodore A.
Correspondence. Provost - Manhal • GsMnl's
Ofllce,n.&A.,760.
Mentioned, 801, 718.
DedsOB, Timothy, 815w
Doe, William H., 881.
Dohertjr, Orlaado L., 818.
Dolnty, Hugh, 918.
Dolan, HIchael, 985.
DolsoB, Clara, Steamer, 478.
DomlBiek, Weldaum, 896.
DonaldsoB, JaiMs L.
Correspondence, F. J. Crllly, 478.
Mentioned, 92, 218. 248, 841. 845, 868, 888. 484, 441
469,471,945.
DoBBoUj, Joseph, 937.
DobbIsob, C. L., 917.
DoBOhae, Charles, 928.
DoBohagh, WlUlam J., 887.
DoBOBgh, Aadrsw, 888.
Dorlaa, Sldaej, 828.
Dorraace, 0. H., 76^ 77. 487, 881.
Dorsch, JohB, 827.
Doraey, G. Totaey, 837.
Doraey, Robert B., 800.
Dorshelmer, PhlUp, 838.
Dorth, Be^lamlB, 917.
Dealer, William, 916.
DoBgherty, Bdward, 91A
DoBgher^, G. T., 888.
Doagher^, Joha, 836.
DoBghty, Charles B., 881.
DoBglaa,8tepheB,818.
Doaglass, George, 886.
Doaglass, JaaMa, 980.
Doaglass, T. E., 811.
Doaglass, Wmiam W., 894.
D^BiemsB, John B., 808.
Dover, Locomotive, 80.
Dow, Charles B., 817.
Dow, Lonswo, 816.
DowBlBg,A.J.,914.
DowBS, Hiram, 818.
Doyle, JohB, 834.
H.H.,868.
IVDEZ.
1065
Arrest of. fiiiUag to nport, 121
CoBBinntatkni noDey, 07-482.
Jarladietioa of ei vil coorta, 829, 030.
Hodteal ozamloattou. «», m. 75^.780.
K«groM,«7.
Kotifloatlom wawinrtlqM. ete.. 6M, 881.
Drift •riMt.
Aceoants,7n,7M.
BcBMrkt, J. R Fry, a(»-6U.
Dnflty BBr*llB«Bt lets.
Ftnal ranqltt imdOT oalla of:
J«ly, 1888, 888, 718-718, 780-781
Oct 19, 1888, 838-888, 718.
7eb. 1, Mftr. 14, 1884, 885-887, 718, 718, 788, 734.
Jaly 18, 1864, 488, 818, 887.488, 718, 718, 719, 786-
787.
Dm.19,1864,487, 519, 889448.718,719,720,787.789.
TMm of ordor for drafting. 825.
ModiGol ozamiiiatloBa, 800, 079, 768-780.
Operatkns SaroilBOiit Braaoh ProToat-lUr-
•hal^OoMral's Bu«aii«718,720.
BMnarkm J. & Try, 824, 848.
SuggeatSona, BnioIlmMit Branch ProTOot*lCar-
abal-Goneral'a Bnraao, 728w
See alao reapoctiTO Staioa.
Bndw,JaMaaL.,901
Bnka, 4aiMa N., 928.
Braka, Oimaga, 918.
Braka, Q. I., 851.
Bf«»ar, Albart, 906.
Drapar, Fraacls, 917.
Bn9tf,81saM,878,751.
BrBga,Ba^|aalB,918.
Braw, Cjraa K., 845, 848, 901
L,910.
,918.
f, J. 8., 917.
BaAay, P. W., 917.
BaAt7»Samial,919.
BaAay, T. B., 827.
Baiy, Jaaaa H., 918.
Baiy,Jah«,894.
B«k«,BaalIW.,877,504.
B«atar,B.H.,917.
BaBtar,«UbertB.
Oorreapondenoe, Q. M. Oeo.'a Offloo.U. 8. A., 402.
lI«ntlonad,851,897.898.
a, J., 981.
,898.
Iy889
Baacaa, Tkanaa F., 899.
B«Bluun,4. B., 888.
Baafeaa, Bafka, 988.
Baakla7,JakB,9l7.
Baaklay , Jaia^, 917.
BwiB, Baiary C, 918.
Baaa, Laoaarl F., 990.
Baaaall, Ba^|aadn, 917.
,918.
[., 901.
BnBliif,WilUaai,894.
Butaa, ▲•ffwrtaa T., 848. 851, 481
B« Poat, Adaiiral, Stoamar, 388, 288.
Ba Pay, H. ▲., 258.
817.
Bwrlba, Walter C, 917.
Bargaa, Jaaaa A., 918.
Barkaa, Harrla, 829.
Bwkaa, Baaal, 814.
Barter, Caapar, 984.
Barrall, Oaaiga W*, 888L
BattM, HarCte B., 808.
B«fal]«JaatekH.,027.
Bya, Jaaaa, 8881
Byar, Ateiaa8ar B.
Ghiaf of Ordnasoe. U. & A., 681.
Coneapondaiioe. 8aa Ordmanct Dept.t U. 8, A.
Me&tioiMd. 22, 680, 681, 1041
Byar, E.C., 917.
Byar, Joaaa, 918.
^wr, OUfar, OU.
Byaas, HasaaM, 928.
B. L. WoBte, LooonotiTtt, 81
B. H. Bteatea, LoooaAotira,81
B8ffa,917.
laiMa,LaTl,880L
Baite, Jaaaa H., 891
Bai1y,jBkal A., 183, 184, 06.871498. 500, 658, 551
Barwaad, Aapadte, 927.
Bait, BapartaMBt aftka.
Oporatlona Q. M.*a Dapt., 219, 43^-442. 482.
KMtBO, Ckailaf W., 928
Baatoa, Ckartea, 923.
Baatea, JaaMa B., 927.
Ba«tM,Jaaapk«.,901
C
Q. M. Oanaral'fl Ofltoe, U. 8. A., 894, 482.
Boote,L.H.,481
Whittelaey, H. M., 888, 400, 428.
MMitteliad,81.87. 211 21ft. 844. 860. 808, 404, 418,
419,971.
C. 8. 8., 471
Breckinridga's advaooa into. Hot. 4-17,1884, 504.
Operatioiia in. Ang. 2»-8apt 4, 1884, 604.
Baatwoad, JaMa H., 980.
Baton, Aaoa B.
Com. Oen. of Snbatetanoe, U. & A.. 681.
Gorreapondanoe. Set Bubwittmct Dept.^U. 8. A.
Mantkmad, 22, 862, 681, 681.
Batan, FrankUa H., 811
891,914.
BataD,WnUaM8.,917.
BbarkaHt,JaknF.,929.
Ebert,B.,907.
Bckart, Tkoaua T., 286, 880. 881, 882, 878, 874, 678.
Bdd7, Aakar B., 405. 488.
BdMonda, Gaarga B., 917.
Edward, Jacob, Jr., 921.
Bdwarda, Albert 6., 450.
BdwaHa, Artknr, 848. 851
Bdwarda, 8aorga,820.
1066
INDEX.
Mwwii, L. A.,na
Mwaiifl, 8n«r> US.
Ifktrt, Rwnr C, 80ft, 807.
BfWrt, Etmrff WL
Sfflettoa, JbUa, 087.
EralMt«i,Wllll«,887.
K9Ua,PMl,814.
KlehoHB, L. H.
CorrMpoDd«no»;
▲Bd«n<m,A.,44.
MoCidlaBi.D.0..90.
MoBtioMd. 800^ 688, B87, 580, 0O9L 066. 070. 008.1006.
lklB,4UM«A.
CoiTei]Miid«BM, Q. M. Gen.'a OAo^tr. S. A^ 854.
MmtioiMd. 820-888, 848. 880, 854.
BMnd, ZeBM, 082.
EMridg«,4MiMll.,8B8L
Klliom, Jobs A., 845, 848.
Blllaf,Jwr««r,887.
Blllott,H.,08.
llllott,WiIliMiP.,817,
lUU, Gorenor, LooomodTe, 86.
suit, J«lui W., Oormior.
Gorretpondeooe. 8m North CaroUna, Oop. qf.
lCeatloB6d,888.
Elllt,JollBW. (Ohio), 8t7.
nUs, JmutkM, 017.
suit, ThMut 8., 886.
KUi, C. 8tew»rt, 881.
lUiwortIV PrsdtHek, 888.
SIm7, JohB, 018.
Ilwell, f MM, 014.
Blwell,J«hBj.,848.
llwtn,Jof.8..848.
iawo«d, i§m»9f 888.
Kl7,4ellB.
CorrMpoDdeaoe, A<Ut. 0«ii.*a Offlee, U. & A., 86.
Mentioned, 110.880.
SMuielpatlOB or BUfte.
Proolamfttion, 868.
nnenoB, Frederiek, 885.
■■enoB, Beorgt B«, 017.
BBMnoB, JoMph, 017.
nBer7,]>aBlel8.,017.
iMerr, JokB 8., 017.
B, B«tM7H.,017.
konu, 817.
KauiertOBy Bpkitlaiy Mn., 017.
BBienr, WinUUB ■., 187. 183. 226,888,468,487,400.
605.
SBd, GeorfC, 081.
BBffiBoer Oorpt.
Cftraaltlee, 188.
Compoeition, 188.
OperBtkms dnrlBf the wmr:
KamtlTee ooUated Arom reports of officers,
178-800.
Reriew of, hy Oblef of XnglBeers, 183-108.
BBffiBser DepertaeBt, V. 8. A.
CorrespOBdeBoe:
Michle.P.8.,188.
8Uclniey,A..l8B.
Tower. Z.B., toe.
War DepsrtmsBt U. 8., t8L
U. 8. A— 4?butimied
OelBileld. E.. Chief of SngiBeera, U. & A..88L
Bagineer Oorps, 188-188» 178-800.
Fiscal aflhirs, 178.
Military Aeadsmy, 171. ITS.
Operations, 1885 aad 1866. 161-178, 888, 888, tOIL
FnaoB depots, 108.
Property aad labor on field-works, IS. 1C
Sea^oaat aad lake defeasso, 188» 188.
8arTeys, maps, aad topofrapby, 188-171.
BB«llsh,KathaBlsU004.
BBfUsk, ThOBMS Cm 806,880.
BBltsted Hob.
Bounty to, onmnsterontof serriee,88,6lb
Commissioned to orgaaiiatfons ssrriag la
Tessa, 56.
Detaohed, in oonflaemeBt, etc., 80.
Discharge, 4, 5, 85, 42, 48. 60, 188^
RetentioB of arms, etc.. by boaorably dis-
charged, 48. 58, 64.
Bight of oertaiB, of V. R. C. to diacbarg*, 66, SM.
Baalsy Lsfl, 086.
Baarlght, Hlekael, 827.
Bbos, AbnuB, 086.
Bbos, George, OSS.
Bbos, Herbert H.» 801, 868. 44ft.
BarsUmsBt, etc, of Ifattoaal Foteea.
Disbursements daring 188S, 488.
Medical examination of emolled bmb, 880. 91%,
758-780.
Military rssoixroes, Union, Apr. SO. 1805, 600, 721.
Negroes, free aad sUto, 867.
Operations Xnrollmeat Braaeh Prorost-Mar-
ahal-Qeaeral*s Boxeao, 718-718.
PopnlatioB, oensns of 1880, 888.
Bemsrks, J. B. Fry, 616-884.
SnggeatJons, Enrollment Braaeh Provoet-Ms^
shal-Qenersl*s Bozeao. 7SS-7S4.
Bee also-
Boon!* (i^J9nrsaiiMn<.
EnroOmeni DiitriaU.
IPcnNpMofM, «f».
Proeort-JfafsAal OtturuVt Bmrmm.
Provcat-MardimU.
BBrsllBMBt BIstriets.
Organisation and maaagBment of oaieee,8l4,
615,848-881.
BBsIgn, Charles, 088.
RaslgB, Bllshe W., 088.
BaslgB, JekBSOB B., 084.
Easlgn, WIlHam O., 801.
KatreklB, WilUam K., 087.
BBtwlstle,JokB,088.
BoiBS,U.8.8.,47»-481.
■ppiag, Locomotive, 80.
Erhardt, Joel B., 817, 818, 888.
Baitace, Joha T., 884,848, 806.
BfBBS, AlTBh A., 017.
Braas, Absob W., 885.
Bvaas, BsbbIs, 018.
Rtsbs, Beary, 016.
Brass, James, 808.
Btsbs, Hary 8., 8SS.
Bfaas, 8amBeI, 885.
BfaB8,8eth,«27.
Btsbs, Slmoa (11th U. 8. a T.), 918^
Braas, SIbmb (Bep^ Boetn 4th DistMaaa.), 8181
IMDBX.
1067
,•17.
BwIm«TIUm,M1.
BSMipllMt, CMUSripllM.
▲oto of a & OoBffnM, «M, flH^
,«to^aM-71L
Oominntatkm or subatttatM, M7-4tt.
IClBlitnB of the Qmp«I, 6Bt.
Qmati, iioB.eoabtttaDti.m,8M^«7.
FklitaBk%9«fM,9]7.
Votrknka,JokBH.,9n.
ralrtei^t,8MM7,917.
FalTCfclMi,LowtiI..,tlA.
FalrPlqr,Sto«B«r,i7t.
Fmdii9,AI»«it»997.
,«7.
Piniworth, I., 917.
fiuBiwortk, H. J., UL
fiuBiworth, J. a., Me, 848, ISO.
Fumoi, B. Jm 848.
Vwiohar, Fmdi U.» 178.
Fanr,E. P., 348.861.
Fur,JiiMiW.,884.
Fomfoty BotM a., 806.
Fainr,l.WM817.
Furtw, WUllM H., 866.
Fanrtll, €. B., Mn., 996.
FftnroDy N. W., 918.
Fay, liiiMB Gnat, 891
Fft7,lMM,917.
Feliowt, I. 8.» 917.
FoBltj, Joka P.y 907.
FMtoBy Bo«k«« I., 9n.
ForfMOB, C. B., 818. 814.
F«iTll,4okB,900.
nek,Ctfl»981.
FMlor,JMMiH.,90e.
FM6,Ch'vrloi8.,908.
FloM,Otorfol.»917.
FM6,JMBtoL.,918.
FI«M,iokB,917.
F1oM,8uimI,9S6.
Floldi, Bo^liMfai, 988.
FI«MSyJ«iM,917.
Fldd-Workk
Bnctneer property and labor. 16, 16.
Floro, Joihaa, jr., 896.
FU¥ert,L»wli«.,926.
FlBttr,WilllaB,087.
Flak, Gallaaaa, 985.
Ffailaj,Hatth«w,929.
Ffailtj, B. W., 906.
rinoy, Ckarloi 0., 848. 881.
Flm Flj, LooomottTO, 80.
Flrtk,J«kB,984.
Flrtk,BlckaH,918.
Flahor,ArtkarL.,917.
Flakar, Bo^jaala F.
CorrMpoDdenoe, War DeportSMnt, U. 8.. 168.
Flaker,]>aBlal«.,8e6.
Flakcr, Hearj, 929.
Flaker,Herk«rtOMM7.
Flakor,lanMl,90l.
Flakar,JabM,917.
Flakar, Jaaoa C, 780.
Flakar, 1.1^906.
Fl8har,8taa«ia.,n7.
Flakar, T. €.» 987.
FlakMr,TteothyB.,961.
Flakar,Wl]ll0MB.,817.
Flaktr,Fort,N.C
Xxpedltkna:
Dee. 7-87,1864. 806.
Jan. 8-17. 1886:
Bomarka, Secretary of War, 806. BOei
8tgiialopenilieiia»186.
Flakei'iHin,Ta.
Battle. 8n»t 88, 1864, 600.
Flak, BllakaB., 918.
Flak, Hark, 917.
Flak, 8.11., 889.
Flak, WlUlaaH., 819^ 904.
Flake, Bm«m B., 910.
Fltklaa,WIIllaii^904.
Flta,Gharlea,917.
FI«SferaM,Joka,916.
FIta Hagk, WUUaa, 981.
Flad, Henry, 948.
Flafg, eeorge 1., 861, 096.
Fla«f , NewtoB, 988, 887, 847. 848. 861.
Fiaga.
Ookwa of mnatored ont orfaaiaatioiia, 80-88, 64.
Flaadera, lloaso H., 914.
Flaatgaa, B., 988.
Flaalgaa, Hark, 906.
Fleck, Oeorge, 931.
FlOHlBf , Hafk B., 208, 809, 890.
Fleteker, I. T., 917.
Fleteker, Saatael, 917.
Fletcker, TkoHaa C, 678.
Fletcker, W. 0., 917.
Fleary, 4a«ea A., 888.
Fllal, B. B., 917.
FllBl,J. B.,917.
Floreaee, 8. C.
IdentlflcatlOD, eto., of graree of aoUUera, 841,
819-888.
Florida.
Inanrrection lo, declared anppreaeed, 1000.
Harrln, W., ProTiafoaalOoTemor, 89.
RrorgaBiiation of coiiatltatioBalgovenunent,89.
Florida, Ooremor of.
Correepondence, War DapartOMnt, C. S., 698.
Florida TreopKU.).
CftTalry-BepioMiUf: lat> 167,168; lat Baat»168;
td, 1B7, 168.
Flowera,Biekard,916.
Floyd, fieorge N., 918.
Fokoi, BeaJaMlB, 917.
Foger, Frederick W., 988.
Fogf,Barid8.,889.
Fofler, Wllllaa H., 891.
Foley, Fraak, 980.
FoUea,Ckarlea,9t8.
FolaoH, C. W., 361.
FoleoH, Peter, 917.
Folwell, Wnilaai W., 178.
Foil, Bep|a«te, 916.
Foot, Tkaddeaa, 906.
1068
iin>Ex.
WtUf Aairtw H., 471
?••!•, J. Piatt, 886.
Footo,40kBe.,m.
y«i%«ih, Ckaammff 981.
FoH,OMrftB.,M0.
Forijet, ValMB, 8n.
Ftmtt, Nfttktti B., 886, 6M, 888, 066. 887, 888, 881.
Fomitor, Bokart, 918.
Forqrth, Jumi, 896.
FMnrth,L.OMi,848.
OorrMpoiul«ii<M,QiUHrtflniiMt«r-G««Mril*B Ofllee,
U. a A.. 404,406.
MoBtloiMd. 946, 848. 881, 887.
Fmt, Robert H., 916.
Fort IiMTOBwortk, K««
Jtonte to BobU F4, V. Mn.. 448-444.
Foa«lok,ClMrloiB.,889.
FoM, SuimI T., 9n.
Fooler, Ghuiof W.
OorrMpondoDOO, A^ntoDt - Oononl't (Nleo,
U.&A., 187, 888, 1018.
Menttonod, 114. 188. 1016.
Footer, «eorio (Haee.), 888.
Foiter, (toorio (N. T.). 894.
Footer, Hoiwom, 914.
Footer, JaiMiD., 009.
Footer, Joka 0.
Gornepoodenoe, A^t Oon.'aOfltoe. U. & ▲., 108.
M entioiMd, 868, 874, 618.
Foiter, Bokert 8., 184, 186.
Footer, SomooIB., 886.
Footer, TImmos, 876.
Fowler, Charioa, 817.
Fowler, B. B., 886.
Fowler, 8odthW.,W6.
Fowler, Wllllaa, 806.
Fox,FoHiMB4,088L
Fraada, Oeone, 818.
FraMl8,HlelMel,898.
Battie. KoT. 80, 1884. 601
Fraata,Joka,886.
Frayaor, Skairaek, 811
Frasler, JaMoa A., 827.
a, Jr., 898.
Frsd Laoeh, LooonotlTe, 80.
FrM«le7,JokBj.,887.
FraoBUB, !• fl., Jr*, 886.
FraoBua, BkkaH,811
FraoBua, WflUaai, 881.
Freer, Jooeph W« , 808, 989.
Roeae, voaoo a**, 8v7.
Fmck, B. B., 786, 796, 796. 798. 801. 1011
FMMh, F. 0., Mio., 817.
FrM0h,4okBW.,884.
FMMli,iOMd^817.
Fraod^ Haanol A*, 887.
FMMh, Waahtaflaa H., Mra., 817.
FMak, Alexa J«, 891
Frlole,GharleaA., 884.
FHlaiii,lkx.H.,830.
Froot, Oaritoo P., 888.
Froot,4oMllMyi,8]7.
Froot, HonrlU, 817.
I, J« W*, 988.
B. L., 817.
Fi7,4aBMaB*
OwMoopuBdaaee. I
OJIm, U. 8, A.
Final nport of
GoDoral'a]
MeBtl0Bed,68.iai.lir,188,f]8,tlt, 811, 844447.
64»-668,681,891,884,8U.8l8, 818, •48-846.818,
888| 884, 880, 88^ 881 886^ 714, TMt 781, TSi^ 791
781 780, 784, 788, 894, 88r-81t, 811, 818, Sl^JM.
898-481 880, 881 888, 811. 818^47, 888, 881 8a,
881-881 881 811 1811 18U, I81C
ProToat^Marabal-OoBeral,!;. & ▲.,681.
Frj, Winkoa ■., 811 841 804.
Feller, AUeoC, 647, 811
Foliar, Ckariea B., 844,88\
Fallar,6.W.,8B.
Foller, (toorio A., 817.
Feller,6raBfllle,811
Foller, BIckoHF., 817.
Fener, wmian a.
OonoopoDdoBee, Q. M . OoB.'aOOeo, V. & A.jmL
MentioMd, 861 881, 881 870-871
Foller, WDIkaiP.^ 881.
Folleftoo,iJez.N.,n8.
FaBk,JaBMaL.,887.
ForUah, ftoorfo B., Ul
Forer, Joko T., 887, 898, 841 887.
Faile,fl»tekell,8ai
ForMBi,WlllloMH.,811
9oMlo,B.P.,JrMMl.
Oookel, FkodoHek A. B., 681 911.
811
6olley,
eoloeo,Aothoor,8ll
B«,801
0« 881
Oale, Lfdio •., 911
QoUafoar, C* B«, 808.
flolll8or,Patilafc,88].
B., 807,881
Oaaaauwo, Joho, 987.
fiaBtheor,4oeo¥,884.
«orkor, H. C, 841 841 881 481
varaBMr, vObb w* t*, 888.
ttarilMr, ThOMOO B., 81
Oor8oar,AttooB.,8S7.
Oor8oar,FtaBkllB,187.
terioer, fioorso B., 881.
Qorioer, Bomj F., 811
P.,«
•,Poleff8.,811
BMB,8S1.
CMHTraoa, Ha, 841
Qarrto, Mmuj B., 90.
floapafte, As^Bordo.
MenttoBed,888.
Qaaaawaj, Oaorso, 891
aoleo,B.B.,808.
INDEX.
1069
C, 919.
Gaaltr, Aadrtw, 9S7.
CtalJ,PhlMM i.,9ia.
a«7l«H, BflMnra, 9U.
SajIoH, Sckmm, 918.
Quick, Hoika, 981.
a€«r,Al(mM8.,848.
4l««i7, And, 9S7.
G««i7, 0«a«nl, Looomotlvm, 80.
eeary, Joka W., 899-401, 484, 4S^ 488.
GckkAit, IHiTid, 987.
GOkAit, H«Bi7 0., n9-
G«ltMr,J.8.,149.
GwMrAl nd Staff OflMn.
BeUeyed from duty, 49.
StaC militMy depwtmoDU mod dtolriets, ia4,UB.
UiMmploytd to be nitttand o«t, 1.
Swanl Bngg, C. & S., 478.
ClManl CoMh, LooomotlTe, 80.
6«Mnl Dlz, LooomoUTe, 89k
Geaenl Gaary, LooomotlTa, 80.
e«Mnl Jerap, Brig, 487.
e«Mnl I.70B, StMin«r,2S8.28a
e«Mnl HeCkllu,LocomoUYtt,80.
G«Mnl Head*, LooomotlTa, 80l
Oaaanl Halyt, Looomotlre, 80.
Oaaaral PlUaw, Steamer, 478.
OeMnl PHee, G. a S., 478.
Oeaeral BablaMa, LocoBiotlTe, 80.
Oeaeral 8ekofleld,LooomoUy«,54a.
Geaeral Bkeridaa, LooomotiTe, 80.
Geaeral SIcklea, Locomotive, 80i
Oeatrj, Caekariak B., 908.
Qaarge, Lfdla, 988.
eeorfe, WUllam W., 914.
Geo. 1. Parker, LooomoUye, 80.
Georgia.
loearreotkm in, declared enppreeeed, 1000.
Johnoon, J., Prorleional Goyemor, 80.
Qperatlona ia. See—
AOanta Campaign. Maif l^StpUS^ia&i.
Northern Georgia, ^. Stfpt.iB-Nv, iS, iMi,
Savamaak Campaign, Nn.O-Deo.tUUdi.
Bailroada and eqalpmenta, 296, 299, 589, 901.
Beorganlsation of conetitaUoBal goyenimaiit,89.
6eraid, William, 928.
GenaaatowB, U. S. Sloop, OOa
Oerriak, H. F., 361.
eerriik, Hmltk, 918.
Oeraer, B., 900.
Getty, deorge W., 78.
OlkbOB, ioka, 170, 181, 104, 180. 481, iO.
Glkki,BBAia,018.
OlbMB, Fraak, 987.
GlbMB,JokB,925.
OlbeoB, iotepk H., 918.
Olbiea, W. M., 987.
6iddlBfi,Gretl«iB.,889.
OlddlB9t,S.P.,914.
aUrord,W. B.,92,998.
GUkert, BowUa, 920.
Onkert, Ckarlei C.
Correepondenoe, Acyt Qen.'s OlBoe, U. & ▲., 80.
Mentioned, 888, 880.
aUkert,BlweodHM924.
Gtlkridge, Patrick, 981.
vile, CMOvge w*, 060.
Gill, JaiMi, 910.
Gill, Hidaal, 984.
Glilem, AlYaa C, 860. 804.
GiUaaiM*, George L., 104, 178, 170.
OUIett,Ja«eiB.,018.
Glllln,4aMt,387.
GUlmore, QaiBcy A.
Correepondenoe, Proroet • Manbal • Oenerel't
Offloe,X7.&A.,48.
ICentioned, 888, 487. 400. 797, 799.
Gllman, iIeBr7,881.
GIlBMre, iamei ■•
Ck>rreepondenee, A. Stager, 878.
Mentkmed,880,801.
Gllmore, William, 810.
Gttmear, William, 986.
GUmb, B. B., 90L
Gllaea, William, 014.
GIrle, WUllam, 988.
GUt,8totMB.
Oorreepondeiice. See South CWeNfM. A^ifataat
and IntpteUr 0«n«ral i/.
Glaweeek, ioka B. B., 908.
GleaioB, Jamee, 848, 861.
GieoMM, Bella, 898.
GUddoa, Horace H., 880.
Glover, Be^Jaadn, 920.
Glover, Jeka, If re.. 910.
Goddaid,LoBlMB.,018.
1,818.
1,018.
Godftey,JokBB.,881.
Gedf^7«'oka8.,801.
Godwin, J. H., Jr., 888.
Goldle, WUllam, 848, 861.
OoMiboroagk, LoeoaMthro, 8ft, 648.
GoMimltk, Bokert H., 888.
Gddnaltk, Tkoama, 906.
Goaelle, Wallace W., 027.
Goeck,JoikBaG.,918.
Goodkae, A. P.
Gorrwpendonoe, D. C M eCaUtim, <
Mentioned. 698. 968, 960, 908, 1006.
Geodlee, WUllam, 000.
Goodman, Ckariei, 404.
Ooodrlek,J.B.,018.
Goodrick, Ladai G., 898.
Goodrldge, H. H., 848.
Gorek, George H., 981.
GordOB,iokn,018.
Gordon, Hamael, 896.
Gere, Jim, 917.
Gorkam, George 8., 896^
GoiUn, J. W., 927.
Gonej, Tkomae, 019.
GoBld, B. A., 918.
GobM, Banlel, 931.
GoBld,Jacok,086.
Goander, Levi, 022.
Goto, KUJak, 080.
G0Te,Biyak,Mra.,929L
Goto, Samnol, 918.
GoTonor, David B., 987.
1070
un>Ex.
^•Ttfaar Jly^ Looonottrtt, S4, (», SO.
fl«f«nion of StatM.
GoUm of niut0TCd out orgaalaaiknM, 64.
DUboadBMBt of tho Ana7.»,».«.
Baornitiiig la Stetao dodand la
ff9,0tt.
OfifeaMy llwrwiiar, 981.
6nkaai,4aBMaO.,171.
pWI]llaa^n•.
»C.&&.478.
anagar, Ooriaa, 846, SOt.
«raMW,B.8.,48L
fliaagar, Wanaa, 908.
Sraat, Bany A., 888.
flnat, 4oha (Bop. B«>t.« Sd Diat. Maaa.). 818.
fiiaai, Joka (Bop. Boot. 7Ui Diak Maaa.), 817.
6nBt, Uoataaaat Ofaialy Looaioilfo, 80.
final, ThoMM, 818.
fifaBt,U.8.
Ooi laapoudopc,
▲dJntaiii.Goiioral'B Ofltoo, U. & Ju 8, 1847.
LogaB.J.A.,88.
MoCaUa9i,D.G.,888.
Maado.O.QM8«tSU.
Paymaatoi^Goiiaral'B OAeak U. & ▲., 16.
SUto DepartmoDi. U. &, 488.
War DopartaMDt, U. 8h 80, 86, 188, 1046.
Wobotor, J.D.,10S.
Dtabaadaiont of tho Axmy, 188, 813.
Montionod.8,88,8Q.48, 88, 78. 88, 96, 101, IM, 118^
180, 186, 188, 184, 186, 187. ITS, 178, 181, 188^ 811,
818, 818, 966, 888, 888, 288, 880,888-886,801,888.
688[ 660, 664, 688, 763, 048, 844.881,888,078-«78|
988,996,904.996,907,1018,10881
Ordor to raid gambUng-hoaaoa, 68.
Boorganlaatton of Bognlar Armj, 188, 187.
Btnagth of Amy Kot. 10, 1896, 488^ 480.
Sraat, Watty, 088.
QnBtACo.,100,588,864.
(lnBtOB,BolMirt,816.
Orapa Shot, LoooeMttTO. 34.80; 641.
fifaroa, ■• B., 387.
firavoa, Sdwaid P., 888.
Cwavaa, Goofga s*, 981.
Iliafoo, Joahaa B., 888.
«ray, H. B., 871
6ny,JaiaBdah,81&
any,PhIUp4M887.
Any, ThOMaa B^ 981.
Any, WnUaa, 818.
fliaaaaa, 4aaMa A., 807.
fliaa^,Jaaaph,8iB.
fliaaa, A. 8., 886.
6faaa,AaaB.,831.
«faaa,BafldB.,0U.
6faaa, Baary, 881.
aiaoB, Hoary, Mn., 818.
6faaa,JaaMa (Maaa.). 818.
ai«aa,JaBMt (Ohio), 887.
afaaa,JahB,8l8.
afaaa,HarTlBj.,M.
Ofaaa,PiaataB,818.
fifoaa, Boahoa, 818.
flfOI
OfaaM,A.B.,lf]aa.8B8.
Ofaoao,BllaaH.,846.
aiaaae, BUaahoth C, 888.
HiaOBO, vOBMa V*, 890.
viaaao, B« 8», 808.
llfaaao,OUfarB.,780.
6iaMOflllo, Tmi.
Skinalah, Sopt 4, 1884, 604.
Qfoaalaw, Hoaakiah, 818.
Oiagoiy, Bavid G», 888.
Cbtagaiy, Qaaiga, VM*
Oiagoiy, HtaphaB, 8I8u
viagoiy, olaphta B«, 898.
wrtir, HInaal v*, 888.
6riar,WIIliaBC,808.
ailar,WUllaBH.
OanaapoDdaiioa, A4Jt. Q«B.'aOaaa,U. & ▲., 88.
lCMitloiiod,lll,888.
H.,884.
G.,848L
Orifla, Chariaa, 18L
6iiaB,PtaBkllB,816.
OilAa, Hoary, 818.
GfiaB,Bohort,9n.
Oitfitt,WIUIa^98].
6rlaMa,B.B.,847.
Oriadlo,WilUaB,818.
erlBMl,GharlooB.,018.
arl8aaBi,JohaB.,808.
Oiooa,Daalal,880.
Oraaa,8awoUll.,818.
eTOaa,WUliaB,8a6.
Oiaaa,WUllaBL.
Ooireapoadoaoc, (). M .Qoii.*o OOaa^U. & A^ STL
Montloiwd,888,878.
Oni§fa,Ooai.,8Sl.
eraady, Jaha, 818.
QaUhort, Bdward A., 909L
«allfMl,Ttaathy,888.
Oalf, Bapartaaat af tho.
Signal operatlou, 168.
Oa»'BaBta.
Bamllaot.iT8.418.
6aaa,B.F.,818.
6aBtaa,WIUIaB,888.
0«th, Boahoa, 887.
Oathrlo, S^laaMa S., 888.
aattar,XaTlar,888.
B. L. Bahlaaoa, LoooaMtlTa, 88.
H.B.W.Bill,Htaaiaar.478.
■I, Fradt
Carpaa,Wrltaf.
Doaortova, 888.
PriTllagaa of, laatotad. I86h 680.
Haddock, Jaha A., 896, 818. 881^ 810.
Hadlay,BaTldB.,818.
fladlaj, laaae, 808.
Haita, Jaha P., 8S7.
Halay, Jsaaa, 887.
Hallfhx, LooooMtHo. 86. 541.
HaU, dHTlaa (Oau.), 981.
INDEX.
1071
Hall, ClwriM (1[m«.),0U.
Ball, Daalel, g91.
HaU, Da41e7, 919.
Hall, Pnaeli, 91&
Hall, H«UT L., 90S.
Ball,Jere«ialiT.,89L
Hall,4otai,928.
HaU,JotaiW.I>.,8SL
Hall, Nonaaa J., 888.
Ball, Pldlo B., 908.
Hall, Balaad H., 908.
Hall,8aMa«l,Jr.,919.
Hall, TkMMi, 904.
Han, Tkraui C, 08L
Hall,T]MaMi4^918.
HaU, Wnilav 8., Mn..925.
Hall, WIlllaaT., 914.
Hallaek, Ewrj W., 88, 1S7, 968. 890, 514, 1048.
Halpla, Patrick, 928.
Haaklatt, Charlaa ▲., 918.
HaaMatt, Gaorsa, 918.
HaaU, J. J., 908.
HaalU, (taMael ■., 848, 887. 470.
HaadltOB, ladnw J.
Mentioned, 39.
ProrlaSonal Goreraor of Texaa, 80.
Haailltoa, Ckarlei 8., 908.
HavUtoa, flearse, 988.
HaMlltoa, eeorge W., 819,904.
HaHlltoa, Jacok 8., 917.
Ha«iltaa, Javes, 9S4.
Ha«ntOB, Join, 928.
BavUtoa, HaailleM 8., 925.
Baailltoa, PHaee, 919.
Baa]ta,lf.8.,907.
BaiUlB,WUllaBiE.,888.
Haaael, Joka, 875.
HaaiMenilejr, George, 925.
HaauBoad, Jeka, 99C.
Haa»OBd, Joha H., 128.
HanptOB, Wade, 555.
Haaeock, Wlafleld 8,
Correepondenoe, AcUatant • Oenacal's OiBoe.
U.S. A., 81, 98, 879, 68a
MeatioiMid, 4, 50, 61, 82, 66. 70, 184, 383,407, 481-488,
504, 512, 516, 579. 680, 696, 858. 072. 797.799, 978,
1006, 1012, 1018, 1018.1088, 1006.
Haak,lBfBitBi,919.
Haake, Clark i., 909.
HaaOTer» J. €., 987.
Hapfood, lea, 918.
Hardee, WUllaai J., 107, 601.
Hardea, Ckarlee, 919.
Hardla, Hartta B., 483.
HardlBg, Hesfy C«, 918.
Hardy, Frederick, 913.
Barker, Joka W., 928.
Harlaa, Baalel, 929.
Barlaa, Ja«ee, 14, 39, 578w
Barlow, JelfercoB P., 031.
HanaoB, Saaiael H., 898.
Harper, Bice, 001.
Harpool, Ljeargac, 989.
Barr, Hatklaa 8., 899.
Barfflagtoa, Jofea, 931.
BarriagftoB, Saaiael C, 900.
Harris, B. B., 780.
Harris, FraakUa, 918.
Harris, George W., 917.
Harris, Hlnua, 916.
BarriSylskaaG.
Correapondenoa. See Ammssm, deefraer tf.
Mentioned. 880.
Barris,4. W.,918.
Barrls, JaMs Wlatkrap, 018L
Harris, Loria B., 088.
Harris, Samael, 917.
Harris, Tkowu H., 487.
Harris, WlUlaai, 981.
Harris, WIIllaBL., 986.
Harrison, George, 918.
Harrison, George P., sr., 401
Harrisoa, George W., 896.
HarrisoB, Josepk, Jr., 985.
Hart, Alexaader C, 807.
Hart, Jaaies, 980.
Hart, Jofea, 983.
Hart, H. B., 971.
Hart, BosweU, 898.
Bart, WUllaai H., 904.
Hart,WIIl]aHP.,9>7.
Harti,B. L.,818.814.
Harrejr, J. C, 988.
Harroj, Jobms, 927.
Barrej, Tkoaus B., 908.
Banrood, Franklin, 178, 178L
Baster, Jofea B., 929.
Batck, Albert B., 898.
Hatck, Bdward, 601.
Batck, Jofea P., 874.
Batcfe,Leri8.,929.
Batfcawajr, WIlllaBi L., 918.
Baaser, Ckarles, 985.
BaToas, Artkar B., 938.
HaTcrstlck, L. H., 900.
Halves, Edward, 913.
Bawes, Joka H., 988.
Hawkos,B.F., 805,800.
flawklns, George W., 900.
Bawklns, P. B., 908.
Bawkins,W.J.,88,988.
flawlej, Bokert, 899.
Hawle]r,WUlla«,919.
Haj, Andrew J., 902.
flay, C, 858.
Haj, Ckartes B., 80S, 809.
Hajden, Jallas, 888.
Hajes, HIrani, 880, 344. 848, 881.
Hayes, Joka, 926.
Hayes, OkoB, 027.
Hayes, Batkerford B., 889.
Bay ley, Baalel B., 875.
flaymaa, SaaiBol B., 888.
Hsyale, George W., 006.
Hays, Alexaader, 499.
Hays, Aadrew H«, 927.
Hays, Gilbert, 980.
Hays, JacksoB, 919.
Hays, Peter, 917.
Hays, Bokert, 909.
Bays, T.B., 74,981.
Hays, WllUaai, 888.
Hayt,WllllaaiW.,898.
Haaelttne,PanlB.,918.
1072
IMBBX.
lUMltfaM, PrttMtt, MS.
HaMitOB,4. F.,861.
HftMBfCharlM W., 9B1.
Haicb, WUlIm B., 107, ni,40L
Haikr, Be^Juila V.,9n.
Hul0tt,S.W.,9OO.
HuBftr«,4otel.,«3.
Hu«sri,Wlllln,»l«.
HMd,CkMrl«BO.,018.
HMd,ChHrlMB.,90t.
Heap, BatM P., 18S.
HMVd, HorgM, 920.
HMth,DMltlW.,9M.
Hedfti* B. 8., 907.
H«<UitM,TlrfU,020.
HMk«j,MiraH»915.
H«taN,H7r«BB.,89e.
H«lpte,JaiMt,916.
HMiHlBffwmj, 8«orf», 9M.
llmii«nkott, ll«Bi7 B., 797,888.
flMidwaott, W«lll, 898.
BM4tnoa, CotmUu, 917.
Bmii«nra, B. B., 998.
Htnienra, JtMb, 918.
H«ii«rM«, ioka B., 911.
BtadtrfM, Jobs H«, 9tt.
HaalOB, flrarj, 988.
B«Bkl«,8.S.,901.
fl«BBenf , Daaicl, 918.
B««r]r,C.A.,844.
Hcanr, Bilks B., 906.
Mmrjf €toorf»f 988.
Bnof, ioka, 918.
BmiiIcj, BlttBAy 932.
Btrl, JoMph fl., 929.
Bcnuui, J«tai, 981.
Bar, 8«ii.y 817.
fl«iT, Wu««r 6., 927.
flerriek, G««rft, 90-98.
Bcrriek, Bontlo 0., 888.
Berriek,lRMl,914.
Bcrrlckit Jok« A., 929.
flerrleki, ioks A., Hn., 089.
B«m«, itmn A*, 809.
B«n«7,HwlftT.,918.
rabm, 918.
7,T.C.,918.
florr«7,WIUB.,909,987.
flM^J.6.,Mn.,92S.
flMi,WUbe]a,926.
B«ttMklmr, Fmk, 928.
flowett, Bmutj, 88L
fl«witt,Bldi«feK.,990.
Bewttt,Bmir7,806.
fl«7MMi, flag*, 918.
fl«7W00d, Biek, 917.
BlAwatkAy LocomotlTe,80.
Bikksrd, «. B., 848.
Blbbt,Wlllluifl.,988.
Blek«7, ThOBM, 985.
fllMeB,BftTldJ.C.,918.
fllattttd, P., 861.
fllgflBb«ttWi, Biwtol, 989.
fllff8lBt,flMi9tOB,990.
fliffhil, JuMi, 918.
BIfflBNB, 0««r9«, 918.
Hlft<«fM, Jmmi p., 918.
fllfflBMB, LmIm G., 918.
fllMny^A.B.,918.
BiMt, J. HeL.,907,808,S11.787.788.9U.
Bin, Am, 918.
r,478.
CorrMpoDdMiee, AdjU Oen.*«
lCMitioiMd,888.
Blll,GhurlM(V.H.).9U.
Htn,GhurlM(Pa.),986.
Bill, II«ors«, 921.
BIU, B. B. W., StouM
Bin,flMBtbal,3n.
Bin,B«Br7B.,90S.
Bni,87l?eitor8.,918L
Blllty,WlUlMi,fl88.
BIUIud,L.P.,929.
BUIl6r,4obBD.,9n.
Bills, CtooiveWM 818.
BllU,Wifllaa,818.
Oaao,U.B..i^9k
Bbiek]«r,Nathwtol,898.
Bbiklej,BoiiMS,64S.
Bbikl«r,irfttbnM,9l8.
Blakt, Bdwwd W., 110, 406, 888, 888.
BblM7, JoMpk €., 807.
Bippl«,0rittMA.,«16.
Bitebcoek,BtkuA.
GorrMpondenoe, War IMpMliiMint, U. B^OOL
fllUheo^, Bomr 0., 806.
Bneblag«,Joba,821.
Boad]«j,C.B.,lCiM,918L
flaadle7,G.0.,Mn-.Bl&
Boadto7>B*rla6.,918.
Babart,UwliW.,918L
Bobbs,8tophra,98.
BobNB,Atw«od6.,M8.
BobMa,rilllaMj.,M8.
Bockar, Ificbalaa B^ 807.
BoekaaU, l>aaff«a« 883.
Bodga,Jaba,81fi.
Bodfat, flaary C, 847.800,484
Badfao,Jaka,928.
Bodaatt,8aBiaal «., 90.
Baa,BlckaidH.,988.
Hat; 4aeab C, 881.
Ba8taaB,CJ.,*»-
I, WmiaM, 147. 981,681
Bagaat, Baair, 9l8u
floka,BabartPM804.
Bolabbd, Saaaal B., 180. 887. 848^ 888l
BaIbraak,AbB«r,918.
Balbraak, FkadaHek, 808.
Baldea,C.C.P.,989.
I, C. 5.9 999.
J., 988.
Baldaa,WUUaMW.
Me]itloiMd,88,S8.
ProTidonal Govenior of Kavth CaiaUBa,88.
flallaad, Alftad, 9i6u
BoUaad, 0., 031.
IHDKX.
1078
H«llni,4«kBa»9ML
HcUtegflWOTtk, Jtha M., fit.
H«iiiitiH»fMirMna^
HoteM»0ilflB,10«7.
HoteMy Charlttt 888L
,liwar«0.,tia
v,tio.
■•lt,C.W.9lU.
H«lt,IllMa»8BflL
M enttoned, 4M. Ml, MS, m, an, «1, en^
H0lt,MlltM,n7.
H0ly«k«,B«kwt,tUL
HMMr,JuMiB.,n8.
H«o4, J«hBB.,». 44, 8B-M, 164-166, 16B, 196. 6BT,
664! 186, 665, 949, 646 961; 966*999 907-999,1999.
OoR««poiidaDMt
A4J«tMiM3»en«nl*sOafla,n.&An44.
War DepartnMDt, IT. S., 61.
Meiitloii«d,60,6a 196, 61S, 864,611,1996.
HSCpCTf FVMMrl^k H«y 99Sk
H0pklBi,GlttilM»946.
Hopklu, Mwiu« B., 148.
Ho»Uai,4uM«B.,9Sr.
Hopktas» W. B., 906.847,949,416,471,1
MopkluM^ ShmmI W., 991.
Honcr, JohBy Jr., 96L
jCUSms for, tmdar Aot of July 4, 1864, 999, 909, 996.
Xxportotion, 4.
PorohMM, aaloo, olo., 09, 991, 964-888; iM<«p.886.
Honeit OsTahy ui4 ArtiUirf .
Glaiiiiaftnr,TiadorActof July 4, 1864,999,989,990.
PnrehMeo, aaloo, oto., 990-^9, 964-966, fiotop.966.
HortOB,Aaiimr,916.
HotUMi,FnBk,6n.
HotUBt,8MimlW.»997.
Hofpltela.
CoDotmettflii, oto., 986-641, 916, 919u
BzamiiuitioB of iiiTolId aoldlors, 647, 649.
If wtor oat of poUoBta, 4, 6k 96, 60l
Hottositote, JokB A., 946.
HoMMiiliiVf Gkailoa, 491,4a.
HoMhtMi» WmiUi B.» 016.
Hooplt iToaMi, 998.
HoMtoB,Bokort,619u
HofOj, OooffO 0.9 919.
Hoinuf6, Hnryt 991
68 B B^-8EBISS nil VOL Y
■MarttJokaB.
Oocnapond«Ma,Q.]LCtaB.*a<Mtoi^VAA.,486.
MoBiloMd, 919, 991, 944. 948, 996, 996, 468L
M«waf«tJ6kBl.,619.
■MaritOllTorO.
OoBiaiiaaliMMr Banan Bn F., 4k A« Ifc, 19.
XoBiloMd, 18^ 116k 07,944.961,807,864, 868; 667.
Bono, Bt^aaiiBi 616.
Bono, Ckaiiat H., m
Bono, Batoa» 018.
W..6Q6.
BowOyU.TkMyylia.
BowaUy Gharlaa W.» 179,176^161
BowaUy Wlnla■^ Mia., 811
BmraU, WDHaai T., 648,861.881,811
Bow«ll9BaiiarCn696.
BoWy Caaviaay 886.
flowlBBi, Bmu7» 948; 8BL
BowlaBi,MMkoi,9tl
fl0zlo,B.H.,96L
fltytyCB., 991,948,891
fltyl,H.G.9 991
W.,916.
B«k6oH,B.B.,991
fl«kkaH,J.T.,907.
fl«k6ai««JaBMi»917.
B«kkarl,NatlnHiP.,96L
B«kbon,CkariotL.,861
C.9 99t
i,B.P.,999L
HvaaOBf wOOri^ Bay 98|991
BaiiM«9Aaimf,917.
flaflMa,Cterio%996.
flaihaa, Winiaai B>, 917.
Balkat,B6wlBB.,on.
BaMay. floaiya T*^ 99Bw
Bally L.B.* 917.
BaMalBf BMy LoMBMtNv. 91
Alkorty911
911
Jm611
018.
Baatpkreyiy Aaiiaw A.
OomopondMioe, A4Jt CtaB.*t OfBoa, U. & An 61
MflntloiMd, 176-161, 161
Baiaphnyay Gharlaa B., 881
BuoMwaUy JaaMi, 911
Bnit,A.T.ylCiaH911
Bnitymi8.,914.
flaaty Bara H.y 887.
BaBtyBafftotB.,911
llalinaialB.,611
BaBt,8Maay,911
Baaty Tteaaa B.y 948,88L
flaatar, DafM.
Dadand aa oBtiaw, 711
1074
INDEX.
(r,8«iiMlB.,»l.
ir,W.,lS.18.t06.108,12&
Hnitor,WUllMH.,oa3.
HntlBgtOB, Daaielf 90,
HiBtlB9to«, 6. H., 74,98L
HmH, L. B., 914.
Hard, Bichu^, 015.
Hwlkat,J0MfliH.,9»*
Hwlbat, Stopkn ▲., 101. 119, UQ.
HwA, SeteftiM, 981.
Bant, WUUmL., 909.
Hatehlsfft, W. T., 948.
Hateklasoa, CkwlM, 910.
HatchlBtoa, 0«ors«, 914.
HatcklBMB, Joka C, 991.
Hatekiatoa, JoMpk, 914.
Hjraet, BijrtlM, 90S.
Udlagt, Hlnua, 908.
Id«,AloaBoP.,9fi9.
If iMi, fiMrga, 919.
llUaoli.
One-bnndzad-daja* men, 884, 648.
OpocBtiona A. A. P. M. Gea.'8 OAoe, 018, 808-848.
Plompt retponae to oalla for (roopa, Jaly and
▲ngoai, 1882, 047, 048.
BapraaentatiTa raomita and prinelpala, 989, 080,
988.
8tataboiiBt7,740^747.
Tbrea montha* or laaa aarrloa troopa, 040, 047.
IlUaola, OoTeraor of.
Correapondanca;
A^atant.Oaiiaral'a Offloa, U. & ▲., 89,48,48,64.
Llnooln, Abraham, 881.
lUlaali Traapi.
Cmrtdrj-RsgimmUM: 6th, 7th, 9th, 167, 168.
Infiutry-iStyiiiMnto: •9th, 578; 47th, 64th,
168;8td,0l.427; Mth, 158.
lHhodaa,JahaB.,870.
Ona-baBdred-daya' man, 584, 049.
Bapreaentativa reoraita and priaolpala, 929, 982.
Stota bounty. 746, 747.
Threa montha' or leia oanrlca troopa, 640, 047.
ladlaaa, SaTaraar of.
Corraapondanoa :
A^atant.Oanaral'8 Offloa,n.SJk.., 20, 42, 48, 64.
Lincoln, Abraham, 881.
iBdlaaa Troapi.
Cavalry-A^^taaiKt: Vth, 10th, 98; 18th, 157
168.
Iuiantxj—S»ifim0nt*: ISth, 480; 78th, 047; flat,
101lt,01; lSOtt,S78.
Signal operations In expeditions agalnat, 158.
iBgalli, Baftii.
Corraapondanoa, Q. M. Oan.*e Offioa, U.S. A., 380-
Mentioned, 78, 76, 118.218,265,844,460^400.462,1046*
iBgiBham, TlHathj, 484.
IBMBB, H., 847.
lBBiaB,WtIUaaB.,919.
iBBas, William P., 943,948.
lBiley,HarriUH.,464.
iBipaetanOaBarBl*! DepartaaBt, U. 8. A.
JCaroy, B. B., Inspeotor^eneral, 58L
OpaiBtiona, 1866, 1088.
iBtsreaana* See IVacU and Inttnowm.
iBfBlMt
Bagolar Army, 60.
lawB.
Ona-bnndxad-dBTs' nan, 184, 6481
Qaotaa and credits, 07, 167, 158L
BapreaentalJTa reoraita aad pcisQ^ala, 8IU 082.
SUta bounty. 748, 749.
lawa, A4jBtaBt«aMral U.
Correspondanoa, A^Jvlwt - OaaanI% O0es^
U. S. A., 97, 187.
lowB, 8a?aniar of.
Comapondanoa :
A4Jatant.OaBartf *a (mob, U.&A.,», 42»48,64.
Lincoln, Abraham, 88L
IrflB,€.H.,86l,866.
IrrlB,JohB B.,0B2.
IrrlBff, JaBMa, 988.
IrwlB, Charlaa N., 901
IrwlB,JahBF.,929.
Iiaaaa,WllllamB.,92L
I?as, llaaria M., 686.
4. H. Bavanaz, LoaoBsattTa,80
Jaekaaa, Alazaadar, 91&
JaakiOB, iBdraw, 600.
JaekflOB, dalbaraa F.
OorxaapondeBoa. Sea Jflsssiiri, OoawBoi ^.
MeBtloned,888.
Jaaksaa, data, 918.
JaekflOB, Baalal B., 918.
JackiaB, 6aarfa B. B., 918.
JacksoB, Jaeah, 818.
JaekflOB, Joka (Bap. Boot., 6th Diat JCaaa.), 882.
JaekflOB, JahB (Bap. Boot., 7th Diet. Maaa.). oil
JaakflaB,JahB A., 925.
JaekflOB, JakB W., 921.
Jaekaaa, Lewis, 920.
JaekflOB, Xathaalal J., 401,4a-488.
JaekflOB, P. T., 810.
JaekflOB, Belief, 020.
JaekflOB, Biehard, lfra.,929L
Jaekflaa, BIckaid fl^ 188i
Jaekaaa, Samaal, 919.
JaekflOB, Stoaawall, LoooaBOtiTe, 86, 64S.
JaekflOB, SaflBB H., 919.
Jaekaaa, TalantlBa B., 918.
JaekflOB, William, 921.
JaekaoB, William Troa, 9iL
Jamea, Army of the.
Operations (^oartanaaater's Dapt., 456-480L
Jamas, Charlafl H., 926.
Jamaa, Bro, 025.
James, Jaha H., 851.
James, William, 884, 888, 848, 008, 088.
Jamas, WUllam L.
CorrespondeBoe, A. Ainairocth, 479.
lienU0Bed,846,850.
JaBMsoB, Jaha, 917.
James Blrer, Ta.
Campalcn Ihim the Ri^idaB, Kay 4^bm 12,
^^ 1864.486,489.
JamlesoB, Aadraw, 69.
Jamlaaa, Babeit, 916.
Jay, HaatlBftaB, 90.
JaTBOS, JsBMS L, 927.
JeflrersoB, CJaarga, 990L
INDBX.
1076
i(PrwidentlT.8.),560.
i(R«oniit),tt1.
4«flHM, HoAk L., 001,888.
j6BUat,Mr..«2.
4«Bktat,Alk«rt«M9.
J«iikUis» CkArlM B., 8»«.
JoBklBi, BpknlM, 819.
Jeaklai, FortaM, 981.
J<Bkbis»4okB,917.
Jnktai, JoMfk (B«p. Raot.. 8d Dtet Hms.), 916.
4nktas» 4«Mfk (Bap. Itoot., 8th DUt Hms.), 988.
iMkiait Umi»f 981.
4«Bkiai, Baktrt, 981.
JaBkiUy 8uim1» 988.
1, 917.
,987.
4«■U■s»WI]liM^919.
JwBon, llaorga B.» 914.
lMMr» WaHm U B.9 197,198.
JraBiBfi,la47,919.
JwBiBfiy Bpkniii, 929.
4«ulBfl, 6«orf»» 918.
J«nli^;i, 4ote ■., 848, 887, 488.
4Map, ItaMiBl, Brig^487.
4mf«ll,WIIliui,91S.
J«iratt» Thao. H., 881.
J«w«tt,Tlu»MsL.,8e7.
Job Tarry, LooomotiTa, 88, 548.
Jaol, BpkndM H., 34ft. 861, 807.
Jaha Steaads* C. & Tnnapori.478.
Jahsaa, Claaria W., 861.
JakBS,Wllllui,986.
JahBMM, link, 808.
▲ttonay-OaiMna'a Offloa, U. S., 6b
Tilnoftlii, Abrahain, 881.
War Daiwrtmeat, U. S., 494, 1(181.
Xxiwrtattoii of araia, ato., 4.
ManUoDad, 1, 4, fli, 16. la 19, 87-89, 48» 49, 61, 188-
100, 116^ 119^ laOi 101. m, 310, 881, 880^ 866-867,
891, 401, 498, 4M, 607-609, 68a 071, 678, 674, 660,
000, 938, 948, 944, 909, 1000, 1007,]00»-10ia,1010,
1017,1008.
Maaaagaa to CoBgnaa, 60a'677.
Qrdan, aartoa 1806: iK-n, 106,8881 Kof 8, 18,
883|4aaa8,6l.
7,87.
Blookada.106.100.
(Tonfadanta amiaara, 18.
DaoUrbiff Uookada aatabliahad by Hninll.
ian ToM, 1000, 1007.
QoTonnnanta In Boatham Siataa, 87-80.
Habaaa oorpna, writ of, 680.
Martial law In Kantaoky, 186.
SamoTal of laatiiationa on tmda^ 108-106.
Tarmlnatioii of boatUitiaa, 104, 1007-1018.
ThankagirinSi Dao. 7, 1805, lOL
XlaaatabUabmant In Virginia of antbocity of
tbo Unltad Stataa, 18-16.
Baatriotlona on trada and intaroonraai 48, 40.
Trada and iataroonraa. 106.
TrBDafer to Bnzeon B., T., it A. L. all abandoned
I, ato .,51.
JohaaOB, Ba^jaailB* 917.
JohaiOB, Charlaa E., 987.
Johasaa, Gbarlat P., 664,656.
Jokaaoa, (Uatoa H., 930.
4okBiOB, Daalal H., jr., 888.
4ahai0B, DaTld, 919.
JakBaoB,Sdwaid,918.
Johaaoa, Kdwari A., 984.
Jahaiaa, Oaorga, 919.
Baary, 919.
J. G., 846, 840.
1, 4aaai, Qoramor.
lfantionad,99.
Proviaional QoT^nor of Oaorgla, 88.
Johaaoa, Jaaoi (Bap. Bact.), 916.
Jobaaoa,JoakBa,918.
Jabaaaa, Hadlaaa, 980.
JokaaoB, Bobart (ICaaa.), 914.
Jobaaoa, Babart (Pa.), 985.
Jahaaoa, Bobart C, 880.
Jobaaoa, Saaiaol, 918.
Jobaaoa, SIdaoy, 980.
Jobaaoa, TboaHW, 981.
Jobaaaa, Tboaaa A., 90.
JabaioB, WiUlaM (Haaa.),918.
Jabaaoa, Wllllaa (Pa.), 984.
Jabaaoa*iIilaad,OUo.
ProtaotionagalBatiaida, 100.
Jabaitaa, Jama C, 996.
JabBaloa,Jaba6.,985.
Jobutoa, Joaapb B.,84, 88, 104,107,897,881,400,
408, 418, 501, 600, 607, 600, 588, 688, 600, 960, 90a
978,994,1008.
Jabaitoa, WlUlaai S., 004.
Joaaa,A.B.,000.
Jaaaa,Albart,918.
Jaaaa, Anoa P., 989.
JoBaa,Aadraw(Bap.Baat..9d. DUt. Maaa.). 918.
Jaaaa, ladi«w(Bap. Baot, 10th DIat. Maaa.), 08L
Jaaaa, Barral T., 004.
Jonas, Bartoa, 917.
Joaaa, CUatoa, 904.
Jaaaa, Cyraa, 919.
Jaaaa, BaHd, 989.
Joaoa,6aorfa,919L
Jaaaa, Barry, 919.
Jaaaa, Baarj, 980.
Joaaa, Baary A.,90Ql
Jaaaa, J. B., 08.
J. B., 848, 851,408:
Jams, 010.
Joaaa, JaaMS 6., 888.
Joaaa, Jaba (Maaa.), 916.
Joaas, Jaba (Ma.), 918.
Jaaaa, Jaba B., 980.
Jaaaa, Joaapbaa, 914.
Joaas, Lawla, 914.
Joaaa, Llawallja, 880.
Joaaa, HattbUs fl., 901.
Joaos, Kalsaa B.
Oorreapondanca, Provoat • Marshal • Qenaral*s
Offloa. U.S. A., 887.
Mentioned, 903.
Operatlona of offloa, 807-88L
Joaaa, Soloaoa B., 014.
1076
INDEX.
Jmm, Wm1c7, Me.
JoMiy WlUlAM (D. C). «ML
JoBM, WnUw (Md.). •».
J«M«, WIlllaM (Ohio), 027.
JoMt, WUllMi (Rep. BMt.. 18th Dtot. Ohfo)» 088.
iordu, BmUmiIb, 017.
Jordu,H«u]r,92l.
4oMfli, Wmiui, 000.
Joardaa, Hmuj, 01S.
Jowdaih PlaclOMy, 01ft.
Jo«to, Alfred, 027.
JaM, HMr]rB.,01l.
jMM,8ek«yl«rP.,80ft.
Jedft-Ad?MAto-«ra«nI*i OflM» U. 8. A.
Corretpondaiioe:
War DepMrtmmit, U. 8., 40Ou
Woods. C.B.,08S.
IntorpraUtioD of Act of ICw. 1. 1880. 681, 688.
Jedkla8,BftTld,0OO.
4allu, A. M., 007.
Japttor, Inac, 018
Janigaa, Speacor, OlOi
Kagay, Hartta, 008.
a, C«f 020.
Oao-lrandrad-daTa' moa. 618.
BoprMoatatiTe reoniU and priaeipala. 08S.
State bounty. 748. 740.
Kauaa, DepartaMat of.
Military teleicrapb
Kflaiat,Oofaraorof.
Correepondeace, Adjntaat • Oeaeral^a Oflleei
U.S. A.. 20, 48, 64.
laasaa Troopa.
Cavalry- J?<{^nMn(ff.- 8tk, 188.
Infa^tej^JUgimanU: lit* (CMorad). 060.
Kareher, Jacob, 020.
■AtteU,BdiroidC.,806.
Kaata,Aa9aitT.,S80.
■aje,WiIIlaa,027.
Keafbey,JokaB.,0OO.
■•ek, George, 027.
Keek, KelUe, 027.
Keeler,JaIlaiM.,0lO.
Keea,GhaileiB.,025.
Keltk, fleorge H., 007.
Keith, WiniaaiH., 010.
Keneabeiger, Joha M., 90a
Keller, Headenoa, 01ft.
Kelley, B. P., 84S.
Kenogg,B.J.,0g0.
Kellogg, Xatlga H., Oio.
Keltogg, Heaiy P., ooft.
KeUogg, Joha, 148.
KeUogg, Loreaao A., OlOi
KeUj, Jaekioa, 023.
KeUy,JaBieo,02O.
Kelly, Joha L., 848.
Kelly, Lewie, 02ft.
Kelly, Saaiael D., 006.
KeUj, Stephea, 027.
Keleej, Jama, 020.
Kelaey, Joel W., 027.
Keltoa, CUfla, OlO.
KeltOB, Joha C, 1016.
KeadaI]«WI]llaa^018l
Keadordlae, Be^Jaada. 026.
Keadriek, Bafha, 010.
Keaaedy, Joha (liaaa.). 016.
Koaaody, Joha <Pa.), 02S.
Keaaedy, Beabea, OlOi
Keaaedy, Thoaiai, 000.
Keaaedy, Waaie7,018.
Keaaey, Joha B., 807.
Keaay, Hell, 080.
Keat,Ghaflea,OOL
Keataeky, StoaBMr,478L
Keataeky.
Awaida to owaera of ahtToa oBllatiBs, lOiSk UM8.
HartJal law aboUabod, 128.
Oporationala. See—
<VnfM«wi. Aeti«m,JnHsU,USA,
JfevpM*f Jfaid. JfayJi^inMiO,l6B4.
Ballroada and eqalpaieiits. OOO, 08L
BMrultmoatt eto.. colored troopa, 8, 18.
BepreaantatlTO reendta and priBafptfa.8fr,882.
State boonty, 744, 748.
Yolnateor fbreo for deftaao. 160, 6iflL
Keataeky, Am«taat-«eaoial «r.
OorreapQadenoe, A4|i.G«B.*a(Mtoa^ir. & A^ lOii
Keataeky, eovnraor U.
CotxeepcDdenee:
A4}ataat<3oacral*eOflloe^n.8.A^ 9^481 48,84.
Unooln, Abraham. 886.
Beeponao to call fiv mlUtia, 886.
Keataeky Troope(U.).
Artillery. LIght-BafCfKct.- C, 160| » [K], m
CaTaby—JK^piawatt; IStt, 160.
InUatry^RgffimMU: 80fh, ttth, S7tk, 4Mh,
48th, 47th, 48th, 49tk, 88d, 160L
Kera, Bemaaita P., 807.
Kofa, George, 028*
Kerr, ThoaMS J., 848.
Ketehaai»Bdgar,088.
Kotehaai, WflUaai Soott, T01, 768. 800.
Keteltaa, Heary, 787.
Koya,IaBae» 848,061
Koya, Joha, 01&
Keyatr,OUfer,0O2L
Klhbo, Theodore C, 808.
Kldd,WillioaW.,0O6.
Kidder, B.B., 010.
Klddlef,Joe,fl80.
KMaey, Chariea, 081.
Kldwen,WIIllaM,08L
Ktlpatriek, Jadaoa, 187. 874, 804,887,666.
Kteban, A. 8.; 848. 488^ 446.
KiHbaU,W.H.,851.
KlBhaik, George M., 0881
Klag, Chariea A., 027.
Klag,BaTld,0S8.
Klag, B.L., 806.
Klag, George, 01&
Klag, H.C, 861.
Klag, Heary B., 818.
Klag, Horatio, 081
Klag, JaBMaP.» 028.
Klag, WilUaa B., 101. 188, ]86w
Klagdey, Ghoitor W., OlOi
Klageley,J.B.,02B.
* Sabeeqnoatiy dceigaated TOtb U. & a T.
IHDSX.
1077
Sllifd«7, W. B., 9lLM4,«fi,fn,8BlL
KlB]Mr,lfs»aMB,0U.
Klaley, IiMCt 008.
KIbmj, 6«orf«9 no.
KiBBeji JoMph ■•, m.
Ktoi^rti, JoliB H., 800.
Klr¥j,8itBMr,884.
Slrk,B.B., 848,851.
Urk,IUikAA.,000.
Slrk,JobB,015.
Uik, JoMphvi, 080.
Uikcr, JUMS W., lit, 800.
KlrklwM,B.W.,847,48a.
Klifefatriek,JokB,801
UM»WIIllaMC.,8Q8.
Unliftr, JoMpli L., 081
Kltek«B, Crt», 021.
U1m,Dbt14B.,088.
Kia9f,AbimH.,00BL
Kaapf , Jote H., 808L
KMpp,JohBHM808L
KBltkt,BoB7,08I.
KBlclit,FnMliHM01>L
Kalclit,JoteH.,880.
KBlgbt,JoteL.,808.
bi^tfjMkUvOU.
K]dfht,ftaMwl,010.
Kalclit,20balOBT.,nOL
KBlp^ i0M»h F., 881. 4tL
KaowItoB, Calrta, 800.
KB«wltoB, Wmiaa, 010.
box, JMMtt 024.
Kaos,JokBJ.,010,0U.
Knekowta«r, BnMit, 804.
KiaHfotiY '•ta, 088.
Knpp, Harj, Mn.. 080.
Kick, BHort, 028.
Kilu, JokB S., 880.
K«Bta, JtkaaMy 082.
KBpf,H«ar7 8.,806.
Karti, Joka D.» 188.
Kajkcadall,l.J.,008L
Umj,H.1.,S48.400.
Lacoy, Htaiy B., 851. 887. 861
Laeej,Bob6rtS.,887.
laMaaaa, B* P., 67.
Laaib, Looomottre. 542.
LaaikMi,W.H.,85L
Laaperaa, Ckrlilar, 080.
Laapkan, Bdwbi 0., OOa
Laafaatar, Gepkaa, 016.
Laaraftar, laaaael, 080.
lisadan, JaaMi B., 088.
Laaa, Ckariai W., 028.
Laaa, BaTla H., 807.
>e, L. C, 000.
•I 0., 800.
Laae, WIUUh B., 880.
Laae,Willta«C.,800.
'.C.,010.
UBalbff<i,iatoaH.,tiT.
Larkia, Joka, 028.
iMwaaiiaf waaaaia m», aoa.
L8tkaBi,P.B.,Mra..OOO.
LatkaiB, wmiaai B. Jr., OOOl
Latkrof, Ckarioa B., 010.
IstlaMr, Ckarioa, 45. 48, 071. OOOL
iMikr, Baaiaol B., 818, 814. 887.
UwRMOy Akvni B., S40» 848,801, 458L
lawiOMOy Biwati, 010.
lawiOMa* fl« C, 861.
KawfMaa, J* A*, 880.
tawuMtJOy Baanal B«, 787.
lawaoa, laaMt, 026.
Uwtea, Aloxaadar B.« 70QL
lawtaa, 6oargo, 010.
Loa, Bmrf C, 025.
Loa^ Firod, LoeonottTOtOOL
Liaka,B.P.,807.
Lo Bae, Wmiaai Am 000, 846k 411.
Loo,Bllak,010.
Loa, Ooorio W., 848, 848, 850.
Loa, Ja«00 6. €.,818,814,847,860.887,488.
Loo,BokortB.
AaaigDOd to dnU aa OoMna-iB-Cklo^ 688.
Cba^fBd wltk ooadaeC of mlUtai7opanitioBa,688L
OomapOBdOBOo:
▼fafteia, Gofonor of, 660.
War DopartBBontk a a, 606.
Maatiopod, 168, 104, 181, 108, 214, 226, 888, 866^881,
882,866,801.418.458,404^100.400,400.604,607-
660, 511, 588. 60X 068, 686» 078.
H.,0&
T.,082.
Lost, Ckarlaa, 016.
Lagroa, Joka, 017.
LokMB, WUUaai B., 887.
LetfktOB, Datld ■•, OU.
LoaiOB.H.,001.
LooBafd,B.,lf]aa,OS4.
LoaaahU Bdward B., 014.
Loeaard, Ooafffa W., 084.
Loeaafd,lIartljB.,018.
Loourd, Jaaioo C, 000.
Loeaafd,JakaB.,884.
Lo«Bard,Hoflet6.,804.
Looaard, Tkoaua, 02L
Lomard,WllllaMJ.,886L
Loalor, J. T. , Hia., 080.
CorroopoBdoBOo. 8oe FiryMs, qoooraoi tf .
MoBtioBod.14,600.885.
LoTl,JaBMa,015w
Lowti, Aaroa, 008.
Lewii,Alft«d,020.
Lowli, Bakaor, 015.
Lowfli, Bbmt a., 081.
Lowti, lloorfo, 010.
Lowti, Iiaao B., 000.
Lowto, Jaaoi T., 584,640.
Lowfli, Joka T., 025.
Lowfli, Joka W., 801
1078
INDEX.
Ltwfli, UmmI, 080.
Iilek«r, Fmela.
Ohiaf of BareMi of OonfiBdanito Afo]ilT«o,Oft.
li«ntloned,05.
LlmitoBUit-Clraonl Qrut, LooomoUTe, SO.
LlaeolB* Abnhui.
AMMaimtion of, 508.
CorrMpoodenoe :
ArkftnsM, GoTemor oC 888.
Oonneotioat, Gorernor of, 881.
OMporin, A. de, 888.
nilDoia, Governor of; 88L
Indiana, Goromor of, 881.
Iowa, Governor oC 881.
Johnson, Andrew, 88L
Kentacky, Gorernor of, 8881
Maine, Governor of, 88L
ICaryland, Governor of, 881.
MloMgan, Governor of, 881.
Minnesota, Governor of, 88L
Miasonri, Governor of, 881, 888L
New Hampehlre, Governor of, 881.
New Jersey, Governor of, 881.
New York, Governor of, 881, 888.
Vorth Cazolina, Governor of; 888.
Ohio, Governor of, 88L
Felrpoint,F.H.,88].
Pennsylvania. Governor of, 88L
Temple, J. B., 881.
Tennessee, Governor of; 888b
Yermont, Governor of, 841, 84A, 881.
Yirginia, Governor of, 888.
Wisconsin, Governor of, 881.
Draft for 1888, 828.
Employment of negroes, 808.
Szemption by payment of eooiniataklea,ai.
Mentioned, 8, 0, 18, 107, 100, 125, 182,888,881,408,
487. 481-404, 488, 607, 608, 510, 588, 884, fiflS, 888,
688, 678, 680, 808-800, 625, 827, 820, 880, 888-888,
840,041,818,844,848,847,848,860.854.868,088,
881, 888, 808,718, 710, 728, 728, 751-780, 781,908,
822,848,844,888,885,898,844,974,086.
Messages to Congress, 8i
Proclamations:
Bloekad^l07.
Kmanoipatioii, 868.
Betaliation orders, 867.
Trial, 8entenoe,aad ezeontioin of assasaiBa,4n.
Uaeoln, B., 010.
Uneoln, T. B., 027.
Llacola, T. B., jr., 088.
Uneoln, T. Ledyard ^M8.
Uaeola, W. L., 008.
IJndley,J.HM24.
Undsey, B. W.
Corrcspondence. See Zimlnely, A4^ Osn. ^.
Ungle»Wllllaa8.,008.
Llna, lady, 018.
Una,LswtoJ.,980.
Uatheeome, Charies, 000.
Lion, Locomotive, 84, 80, 511.
UtUe,eeerfeW.,010.
LltUs,Iato,010.
Littte,ThOBMS,014.
LtttlsieM, Charles H., 014.
Littler, BohertM.
Cocrespoadenee, A4Jt. 0«.'s OOm^ U. & A^ 28.
Menil0Bed,110,888.
UttleBeM,C.S.S..478.
Llvermors, GarsilM H., 010.
LfveiMMe, Gharlea C, OUl
Ltvermon, Bllaaketh C, na
LlTermers, Bmaa ۥ, OMi
LIverauire, Oewfe, 010.
Llvermors, larael, OlOi
LiTenBore,Jeha,010.
LlTennMe, Hary Cy no.
Lloyd, A. H., 880.
LM!k,WilllaMP.,010.
LodtaBsa, Winiaa L., 027.
Loekwood,A.B.,018.
Lodor, BIckaid, 208, 207, 748^787,911.
Logan, Gyna, 028.
Logan, John A.
A<|ntant>G«nenl*s Ofltos^ U. & ▲.« 91, 88.
Grant, U.S., 08.
Mentioned, 48, 68, 60, 86^ 08, U% IM^ 188^ 188^21^
406,428-429.
Lego, E. L., 028.
Loney,Ja]
Long, Behert, 917.
Longhon, JaiMS W., 90L
Longfl»llow, H. W., 919.
Longstrset, JaiMS, 406.
Longworth,Ahel,004.
Lo«nl8,A]lhedL.,884.
LooMis, floraes, 914.
Lorf,AtaiMd,91A
Lord, Bonry, 919.
Lord, Bahert HeCniy, 888.
Lorlag,Anna8.,919.
Lorlag, Charles G., 919.
Lotlng,F.C.,919.
Loiing, Isa B., OUi
LMlng,Harye.,919.
Lottn^, Waim L., 889.
liOVB, ueorgs, t^Hi.
Insorrsetton ln,.dselarad iiiOTWussd, 1088L
Operatlonain. See Btd Jtimr Ommymtftu Mm.
J0-irciyif,19M.
LtniitaM Traape (U.).
Infhntry-Jg<p<ai—I>; lat* (jr«4ies 4NMnb»«88iL
Loatiel, Gyns H., 823.
I«v^|0y,AlhertP.,919.
LovabM, Wattar L., 908.
Lafsll,Chailas8.
Oorxespoodsnee, A4Jt Qmu*s OOoa, U. & A^ 28.
MentliaMd,lll,889.
LaTell,JahaP.,919.
Larell, B. C, 927.
Lafsilng, Jaaas, 919.
Law, Elijah, UO, 881.
Laws, BdwaidC, 918.
Lows, P. P», 088.
Lawe,WllllaBW.,88QL
* Sobeeqnenfly designated 78d U. & a T.
INDEX.
1079
LmraU, Aau C, 919.
LmraU, liffMttu, 919.
L«wtU,J. B«imU,919l
LmraU,MtoA.,919.
LowsUy ItMecft 1., 919.
Lowwy^J^kB ■•,92B.
LUM» HMdWMNly 916.
Lack, Chrlitlu, 029.
LadlMteB, MftnlMllI.
ConespondaDoa, Q. M. G«ii.*b 0006. U. & Am^SI.
Mntioned, 845, 350, 486.
I«itow,Willlui,166.
Lirfkl%KaikH.,MS.
lAtwbMl, PlBkM7, no.
IiBtlMr,MartlB,886.
IgriMkw, Quvtt J., 178, 176.
I«|rflte4,JMML.,918.
£yau,Job,914.
l^faaBf 8., 98.
I.7Mk,StefllM4e.
OMi<MpoBdeno>.Q. M. G«b.'8 Offloe, U. 8. ▲., 375.
ICntioiMd, 889. 861. 875. 879.
Lyaekkuf (Tt.) CuiFftisv.
llAj 96-Jane 29. 1864. 499.
LyBB9nehMl,9S5.
LyOB, F.y 861.
LyOB, «Menl, Steuner.SI8.888.
Ljroa, 4oha, 886.
LjOBi, AlesBBder, 918.
■eAfte,4okB,980.
MeAletter,lUeiD.,166.
HeAUIiter, David, 988.
HeAlplae, C. L., 80, 09. 78. 74, 968, 061.
MAArtkBTyJokBylU.
MeAitkBT, Bob«rt M.» 904.
He]lride,WllllMi»019.
HeCaflnrtF, DtBBla, 986.
HeGalllvtjr,W.H.,981.
MeCalMHi, Jbbwi, 909.
HeCBllBBiy CoL 9« CyLooomotive, 78, 80.
Hc€BllBBi,DBBlelC.
Appointed miUtory dlraotor end superintendent
ofr«11roede,974.
Correepondeiioe:
Anderson, ▲.,862.
Crilly.F.jr..476.
Eloliolte.L.H.,99.
Ooodhiie,A.F..68.
Gnuit,n.S..996.
Moore, J. J., 66. 604. 695.
Q. M. General's Office, U. 8. A.. 285. 801, 074.
Stevens, W. J., 84.
War Department, U. 8., 581. 1003.
Wright* W. W., 29, 636, 988. 982.
Mentioned, 28, 29, 44. 101, 288-235, 881. 888, 408,
470.476,525.974.964,097.
MeCaUam, P.» 68, 76. 861.
MeCaBB, Patrick, 914.
MeCarpeater, Joka, 915.
HeCartaey, David, 90S.
MeCartaey, W. H., 802.
Mccarty, 4ohB, 913.
McCarty, Tkoaus B., 908.
HeCkMBey, ▲. B., 905.
Meaellaa, OsBeral, LooomotiTe, 80.
MedeUaa, 6eorse B., 100, 974, 975, 008.
HeClel]aB,Jacok,918.
MeCleaakaB, Davld» 002.
XeClBBf , D. W., 258. 812, 848
Meaare, SaaiBel, 005.
McCoBBell, Haf k, 929.
McCoBBell, TkoBias,980.
HeCsBBell, Wlllard H., 006.
MeCook, Alezaadsr HcD., 568.
MeCook, Edward M., 582.
MeConakk, Jaaies B., 928.
HcConaick, Jaaies B., 907.
HeCoBB, W. 8., 803.
HeCojr, Ifatkaa, 921.
HeCreary, George, OSO.
HeCrlekett, H. J., 68, 081,
HcCaUoek, Bagk, 14, 88. 106-106
HeCBrdy, Joka B., 925.
HeCarley, Peter, 916.
HcDaalel, Joka, 027.
HcDerHld, I, J., 847, 849.
HeDenaott, WUIteM J., 780.
HcDaaald, JaaMs B., 178.
HcDaaald, Katkaalsl, 807.
BcDoaald, TkoaMS, 921.
■cDoaald, WlUlas^ 44.971,998.
HcDoBBeU,JokB,924.
HeDaagaU, James A., 884.
HeDawell, 1. W., 780.
McDowell, Irvla, 58, 170, 497. 618. 885, 1036. lOIA.
MeBBtea,C. 8.,351.
McFaddoB, laaa, 080.
McFarlaad, Daalel, 808.
McFarlaad, SolomoB F., 886.
MeFerrBB, Joka C
Conespondence, QnartermasterXSeneral'sOfflce,
n.&A.,442,444.
MmitleBed, 846, 847, 850.
Mefloe, Evans, 922.
Hefllll, Harvey, 92L
MeGorvlB, Fraak, 971.
BeflowB, Qeorge, 889.
HeOratk,JokB,98L
Mc«raw, Daalel, 934.
Be6raw,De Witt C, 984.
MeGraw, Heuy 8., 880.
MeGraw, Joka, 025.
MeGraw, Patrick, 925.
McGalBB, Willlaai, 917.
McGalre, Hagk, 914.
McHBgk,MartiB,928.
Hcnkeaay, Joka T., 869.
McIIlvaiae, Harvey, 928.
Mdadoe, Walter D., 931.
McIaUre, Be^Jamla, 888.
Mack, Heaiy, 917.
Mack,J.W.D. L.F.,907.
Mack, JaBMB (Mass.), 017.
Mack, James (Ohio), 028.
Mack, Oscar 1., 888.
Mack, BoyalL., 931.
Mack, Winiam, 919.
Maekay, Aadrew J.
Ck»rrespondenoe, Q. M.(}ea.'s OAoe,17. & A., 480.
Mentioned, 330. 344. 345, 848, 850. 408, 485.
McKee, Golamkas, 81&
1080
INDBX.
OoRwpoBdnee, PzonMt - XmluU - 0«iMnI's
MMtSaBed,601« 781,784.
HflKttfW, Jmmi, Mi.
MMktBtli«,B.,nL
MtKtBsto, Ltwily 80, 886.
H«Kttbbi,DsfMJ.,780.
■flKfai, JdlU W., 847. 848.
HeEtaii,WIIliuiW.
OoRMpaiid«BM, q. U. 0«B.*a Oflloe,IT. S-A., 460.
MoBtiMMd, 818, 888, Ml. 988, 811, 846, 880. 447, 408.
■tftaM7,WllliaB,88L
MflKiBMf » WDHm H., 80L
■flXidfM, CkttlM «.» 888L
»FnMliF«»818.
HaLMB,8uiml,018L
i,B.J.,88&
■aHIUhi, JuMt» 807. 087, 808. 787.
■flKOltB, fl. W.» 780.
MtilMlI, ChwlM, 888.
■eHatt,4.A.,8S7.
■MMk, Mto N. , 188, 188.
H«PktnM, itmm B., 118. 486. 887.
H«PkarM»» Ltwtt, 098.
HePlMn«i,B.B.,908.
M«QilitM,J«hBC.,80B.
■clttertMB, JMBy 888.
HeTex, M•9l^ 89L
HeWmiuii, Jtha P., 096.
HM«tt,8un«lT.,8B8.
014.
■,R«itak.
OorwpoadiBce. See ZimliMly, 6oMni«r </.
■OidtsAl^imiyOM.
,017.
Mekeaej, Juaee, 018.
BepneeatetlTe xwrnito and prlnoftpek, 018, 889.
State bounty. 740, 741.
Halae, Cla?«nar aH
Oof I eapOBaeiioa *
▲4)«taiii«eBaral'B (NBea.n. 8. A.,98, 49, 48. 64.
Linooln. Abrahaan, 881.
HalMTraapa.
Infrntrj^BaUaUcnt: Caaat eaai4, 61, 106.
Hi^ar,Willlaa,018.
Halar, Haary H., 898.
Hallaa,Jaha,010.
Hal]fai,Patriakr.»898.
Haii4aillla,M.H.y861.
■aaftad, LoooaM»tlTe, 80.
MaalaRa, Ba^|amla F., 884.
ni.
•17.
▲ualU881.
i.e., 861.
Ba%arie.,e97.
r,S.H.,844,84A.a61.
016.
iraliMlalG.,010.
Hanal,iaaafh,89&.
■anflla, Gkarlaa M., 886.
r» C C, 807.
Sea AbMm^ -McV, it*>
Hai»la,Snifti«,010.
Hai»la,Har7,090.
H«nr,Baa6alpliB.
Iii8paetor.Q«iMnl, U. & A., 661.
MaBtloBed,68L
Miratt, Lanua, 818.
XaiftM Oarpa, U. 8.
Ondttafor*
■aik, C K., 846.
flarfekaa, Haary L., 080.
■arlay,JaaapliK.,001.
Hariay,H.H.,090.
■amaBy Haaiy fl., 018.
Man, Staaner, 478.
ManaUa, Hlakalaa B^ 887.
Mank,A.H.,080.
Maiak, Palis H., 098.
Harikall,Hauy,884.
Hanlkall,Jama,on.
Hanikall,Lafl6.,161.
Harataa, Jaka, 897.
HartaUylfaiaaBffltt.
HartlalUw.
Keataoky. 196.
P., 014.
MartlB,B«wai<i,061.
Martla, Mwte P., 018.
MartiB, Ha«l^ 080.
MamB,Jaa«,084.
Hartla,OraBMl,889.
Martl«,BabeMaA.,095.
■arrla, Aia €., 007.
Hanrta, WlUlaai.
Mentioned, 80.
Prorlaloaal Goraraor of P1orida»80.
Awatda to ownen of alsraa aalMtac 1090. 1081,
1046,10*8.
Ona>hmidred-daya* man, 6i0.
OparatioBa In. Sea Momoeatif, BmtOt •/ eU.
Jufy 0. IW4.
Operatknia Pio. )Car.*a Office 4th DIat.. 618-806.
Bepiaaentathre racroita and prineipaU. 096. 989.
Stale bounty. 744. 746.
Maryland, Oa?anar U,
Correwpondenoe:
A^atant-Oenend'a O0oa.U.& A.. 90. 49. 48, 64.
Lincoln. Abrahaaa, 881.
Maryland Troapi (U.)*
Cavalry— J2<yi«MaCf.- lit P. H. B., 61.
Inikntry-£flp<BMN4f; lat P. fl. B., 61; 9d P.
H. B.,61; tdP.H.B.,61.
Maaan»C.C*,8l8,804.
INDEX.
1081
MMtODy G«orf» H., 920.
Mmob, John 8., 208, 200, 890.
MaaoB, Sammer, 919.
■asoo, WillUn, 80.
MaancliaMtts.
Bepresentetive reoruito ud prinoiiMls, 914-922,
032.
Riots in Boston, 626.
State boonty, 740, 741.
Ilasncliuetts, GoTenor of.
Correspondence, A^ntant-GenenJ's Offloe,
IT. S. A., 29, 43, 43, 54.
■asMcliBMtta Troopi.
Carnlry^JUgiments: ltt,61i 4th, 157, 168; 6th
«\>IorMD,158,5e4.
lntKntTj—S»9immU: Uth {Colored), 661 j 66th
{Ootoredi, 661.
Mathews, Josophis, 921.
MatM», Charles H., 890.
Matthews, Jmms, 906.
Matthews, John 1., 931.
Matthews, WaUoa, 019.
Maale, Henry, 926.
Maalsby, LotI B., 981.
Maary, Dnbaey H., 167.
Maassnei, John, 930.
Maxfleld, Alexander, 918.
HaximiUan, Emperor, 1007.
MaxweU,iohaC.,908.
Hay, Charles, 919.
Hay, Piederleh, 910.
Msy,JohnH.,98L
Hsy, Thonus, 918.
Hayars, Henry, 930.
Haybury, James T., 914.
Hayhom, Isaae, 91&
Haynadler, Henry E., 601, 712. 718.
Hayo, WiUlan H., 907.
Hay Qneen, Locomotive, 80.
Heed, eeorgeU., 393.
Heed, George W., 924.
Head, Jeeobl., 896.
Head, Janes H., 931.
Hesde, Genersl, Looomotiye, 8a
Heade, George 0.
Correspondence:
A^utant'General's Office, TJ. S. A., 56, 67, 61.
Grant, U.S., 94. 212.
Mentioned, 25. 28, 43, 56. 60, 61, 66. 09, 70, 73.74, 126,
186-137. 162. 168. 164. 167, 174-177. 179-183, 190,
193, 194, 1S9, 227, 231, 248, 2S6» 303-305, 844, 363,
380, 384, 466-467, 460, 467, 483, 496-400. 604. 505.
507, 513, 616. 517, 664, 683, 668. 976-978. 1086,
1046.
Mesffher, Thomas F., 800.
MesBs, Joseph, 903.
Xears, J. H., 807.
MechllDg, John, 800.
MeddiUish, John, 923.
Hedieal DeiMrtaient, U. 8. A.
Barnes. J. K., Snrgeon-Oeneral, 681.
Fiscal affUrs, 149.
Offloers. See Modieal OJUoro.
Operations, 1866 and 1866, 149-162, 683-684, 1089-
1041.
Bednetlon of expenaeo, 15a
Assignments, etc., 66.
Caanalties, 150, 151, 1040.
Knmber in service during war, ISO.
Fay while on certain speelal duty. 66.
Heed, John, 016.
Heglnnls, John C, 93.
Heigs, Goneral, LooomotiTe,8a
Helgs,JohnB.,164.
Heigs, Hontgomery C.
Correspondence. See Q. Jf. een.*» OJUo, U. 8. A.
Mentioned, 8, 17-10. 22, 27, 40,41, 54, 94, 96, 101, 221,
220,233,235,236,245,264.265.258,260,200,806-
806, 834-826, 828, 829, 332, 887-889, 347-850, 863-
854, 308, 404, 486, 453. 459, 462,475,486,8m. 636,
627,581,1006,1038,1046.
Qnartennaster-General, U. S. A., 681.
Hendell, George H.
Mentioned, 178. 183.
NarratlTe collated from report, 183, 188.
HendellhaU, G., 928.
HendeahaU, WUltem T.» 908.
Hercer, 8. A*, 936.
Hercnr, H. C, 936.
Heriweather, J. B., 903.
Herlett, Henry P., 939.
Herriam, David H., 893.
Heridlan (Hiss.) Expedition.
Feb.8-Mar.6,1864,486.
Herrlll, Cnrtls B., 90a
Herrlll, Goorge W., 028.
Herrlll, Loring, 818.
HerrlU, WlUtam E., 164, 165.
Herrlmae, U. S. Frigate, 600.
Herrtmaa, Oosson, 919.
Herrimee, FredeHek B., 908.
Herritt, David, 780.
Herritt, John D., 931.
Henyweather, Hark, 918.
Heschack, Frederick, 916.
Hetea]f,EllhabW.,918.
Hetea]f,L.8.,348,86a
Hexleo.
Blockade eatobUshed by MaTimJlian, 1006, 1007.
Heyert, Dallas, 985.
Heyers, John, 928.
Hleah, Tltns, 921.
Hlchle,PeterS.
Correspondence, Engineer Dept., U. S. A., 188.
Mentioned. 164, 188, 187.
Karratire collated ftrom report, 183-196.
Bepresentative reomita and principals, 930, 032.
State boonty, 746, 747.
Hlehigaa, GoTomor of.
CorreapondeDoe :
AcUatant-Oeneral*aOffioe,17. S. A., 29,42.43, 64.
Lincoln, Abraham, 881.
Hiehlgaa Troops.
Cavalry— £«9MiMnte .• 19th, 167, 168.
Engineered JZi^immlt: 1st, 300, 807, 800, 401,
436.438,948.
Infimtry— it^^immto.- S6th, 61.
Hiehler, Hathanlel.
Mentioned, 164, 168, 178, 170, 180-188.
Narrative collated tmn report, 178-183.
1082
INDEX.
MUlteryAcadraiy.
B«iiiArkt, Chief of Engfaieera, 171, 172.
Military Budi. See Bands.
Hllitery CoMalittoai.
AaBMsins of Abraham Lincoln, 491.
Jnriadlotion after termination of hoatilitlea. 988.
Wirx,H.. 491-493.
Worth and effioienoy in Ume of war* 483, 4M.
MiUtla.
Call of June 15, 1868, 640.
Emergency, 647.
MiaMmri, 59.
Penney Ivania. ninety daya' aerrioei 647.
Six months' aervioe, 646.
MlUer, Ibram C, 908.
MlUer, Idas, 924.
HlUer, lavMt, 931.
MlUer, Darid, 894.
Miller, E. J., 928.
MUler, E. Spencer, 925,
MlUer, Ellaa If., 897.
MlUer, CI. W., 780.
MUler, George H., 898.
MlUer, Henry (Maaa.), 990.
MlUer, Heary (Ohio), 928.
MlUer, Henry C, 905.
Miller, JaMei, 925.
MUler, Joaeph T., 904.
MUler, JoihnaII.,93L
MUler, Merries., 890, 847.
Miller, IfaUunlel J., 918.
MlUer, Orlando C, 90L
Miller, Stephen, 110.
MUllkea, Itiaae L., 903.
MlUe, Henry A., 990.
MUli, Henry J., 897.
MlUe, Iiaac B., 919.
MlUe, John, 901.
MInard, Abel, 924.
MIndU, George W., 429.
Miner, E. 8., 981.
Miner, John W., 920.
Mlalatert of the GotpaL
Exemption firom draft, etc., 688.
Minnesota.
Commissioners, election, 96.
BeprssentotiTO recruits and prindpala, 981, 982.
SUte bounty. 748, 749.
Minnesota, Goremor of.
Correspondence :
Adjutant-General's Offloe,U.8 JL., 29, 42, 48, 64.
Lincoln, Abraham, 88L
Minnesota Troops.
Infantry— T^e^ifMente: Stk, 66.
Minor, Anderson, 920.
Minor, John, 926.
Minors.
BnlistmeDt,eto.,18a
MInot, Chas., Looomo«iTe,67,80.
Mississippi.
Insurrection in, deolazed suppressed, 1009.
Operations in. 8ee Mtridimn Smp4dUia». FA.
S-Mar,6,1864.
Kailroads and eqolpmenta, 991.
Heorganisation of conatltatlonalgoT«nimeat,39.
Sharkey, W. L., ProTiaional OoTemor, 89.
Mississippi, MUltary MlriaiM af tka.
MUitaiy telegraph operaUona, noCs (*) p. 861
Oparationa Q. M.*a Departneot. note p. 893v 43&
0x4era, General, series 1866: May IS, 28.
Oidora, Speoial, aeriea 1864 : Va. 4S, 96f7.
Orders, Special Field, aeriea 1864: Ho. M, 500.
Orders, Special Field, aeriea 1865: Ha. 7t, 506u
Ballvoada and eqnipmante, 29, 44-48, 84-81. 297-
288, 468-476, S3S-589, 583-588. 9S1.4C1 971.871,
Baemitment of colored troops, 8.
Mississippi TaUey.
Oparationa <)iiartennaater'B Departasont. 21^
219.879.448-450.
Orgn., equip., etc., of colored tioopa, llft-UL
Awarda to owners ot slaree enllsling. 104^ 1918.
Operatkms in. emPHM^BBxpediiiot^ A^.fp-
X»M. f , 1864.
Bailroads and equlpmenta, 299, 680, 901
B«preoentatiTe reeniite and prindpala, 931, 982.
Betsntlon in aenriee of Tdlnatesim, 878, 8T9.
State boonty. 748, 749.
SUie militia, 50.
MisaaaH, Deputeeat af the.
MiUtary tele«rtpk operationa, 8C8.M6.
Operationa Q. M.'a Dept., 219, 448-450, 484-461
Becmitmant, eto.* of colored troopa, 1
Miaaoari, GoTanar af.
A4Jiitaat-GeDaral*aOAce,U.S.A^ 19, 41 43, 54.
Lincoln, Abraham, 881. 881
Beaponee to caU for mlUtia, 888.
Mlasaari Traapa (U.).
CmywlrySsgimunU: 4U, 187,158; ItU, lith,
579: Uth, 16th, 151
Enginaen— JBii^meiils.- 1st, 200, 880, Ml
Inlhntry-JbvfaMiits.' 11th, ISth, flat, STl;
4Sth,61; 4tth,679.
MiteheU Saady, 911
MItehaU, Captain (Bnahwhaeker), 981
Mitchell, Abraai, 921.
MitcheU, Be^lamia, 911
MltcheU,0aaialQ.,881
Mitchell, Heaiy A., 811.
Mitchell, Kipp, 811
Mitchell, WUUaai, 811
MabUeBay,Ala.
Operationa in, Aug. 2-28, 1884, 881
Mobile (Ala.) Campaign.
Mar. 17-May 4, 1665, 601
Maihtt, BIchaid, 911
Mahaaaa, Jsiry, 821
Mahawk,C.&S.,471
Mahortar, Charles W., 921
Mailer, WUllam F.,928.
Moaitor, LooonotlTe. 81
Maaocaey, Md.
Battle of the, July 8, U84. 481
Maaroe, Fraaeis, 919.
Maaroe, iTers, Ml
Maaras, Jamea, 921
Moaroe, Lewis, 917.
Moatgomery, Chailaa, 911
Moody, lie^|aBila, 914.
Moody, Horace P., 891
Moors, A. B.» 97L
INDEX.
1083
Mmiv, Aadrtw B.
CorrMpofldence. See Alabama, 0«94m»r ^f.
MentUmed^fltt.
■oore, C F., 981.
Hoore, George !•, 919.
Meore, Haaphrey, 914.
Moore, Jmei J.
CorreepondoDoe. D. C. MoCiaiam, flA, 504, 695.
Mentioned, SOO, 692, 981, 1006.
■oore, JoMoi M.
CorTeepoDdence,QiiartennMter>Oeoer»l*eOffioe,
U. a. A., 817, 319.
MenUoned, 241. 814, 817, 319, 847, 860, 887. 888. 488.
■oore, Jamos B., 924.
■oore, Jokn L., 980.
■oore, L. Louy, 268. 847.
■oore, Honey, 914.
■oore, Hotkan W., 987.
■oore, Somnel, 926.
■oore, Stephen, 564.
■oore, Thoans, 918.
■oore, ThoMte H.,900.
■oore, ThonuM O., 601,092.
■oore, WUetneh * Baldwin, 491.
■oorlMad,J.K.,926.
■oorkonae, John, 923.
■oready, ■errlll, 926.
■orehoaae, Beary ■., 892.
■orey, Qeorse, 919.
■orflerd, W. E., 848.
■organ, Be^|anda F., 891.
■organ, Chriitopher, 924.
■orgaa, Edwla D., 608.
■organ, Franele, 920.
■organ, Jaaei D., 406, 400, 420-421
■organ, John (Engineer). 70.
■orgaa, John (Maae.), 91&
■organ, John (N. H.), 914.
■organ, John H. (€.)• 376, 487, 504, 619.
■organ, John B. (U.), 008.
■organ, Joeoph, 927.
■organ, ■ary R. P., 924.
■orgaa, B.C., 848, 861.
■organ, Bobert, 916.
■orgaa'i Bald.
May 81-jQne 20. 1864, 504.
■orley, B. F«, 974.
■orreU, Albert A., 981.
■orrUl, Jaitia 8., 914.
■orrlll, ICahaM, 891.
■orrie, Alra L., 728.
■orrie, Edward 8., 801.
■orrlR, Stephea (Mass.), 918.
■orrie, Stephea, Surg., 903.
■orrie, WUUaai (MaB8.).921.
■orrie, William (Ohio), 028.
■orrieoB, A. P., 914.
■orrieoa, Alrah, 1st, 919.
■orrisoa, Alrah, Sd, 919.
■onrleon, James W., 98L
■orrisoa, John J., 002.
■orrow, 0. H., 927.
■orrow, John, 923.
■oree, Calrin, 919.
■oree, Charles ■., 013.
■orse, K. A., 349.
■oree, L. D., 907.
■orton, Daniel, 919.
■orton, J. St. Clair, 166.
■ortoa, James fl., 892, 893.
■ortoa, OliTOr P., 634, 606, 649.
■ortoa, WlUlam, 928.
■osby,John8.,6«2.
■oees, Ismal, 780.
■osa, George W., 931.
■oss. Jay O., 928.
■oalton, Charles W.
Correepoodence, (^ M. Oen.'eOflloe.U. & A., 447.
Mentioned, 218, 219. 322, 262, 808. 846, 360, 448, 46L
■onlton, Bonry W., 802.
■onlton, Samnel W., 904.
■ower, Joeeph A., 449.
■nUs.
Claima for, under Act of Jnly 4, 1864, 222, 250. 200.
Exportation, 4.
Pnrchases, oalee,etc., 220-222, 264..258, note p. 862.
■nlAird, W. C, 780.
■nlhy, James B., 908.
■allekin, Charles B., 899.
■alien, Patrick, 914.
■niler, George, 923.
■nlUgaa, James F., 925.
■nnger, ■ariaa, 93a
■nnger, Boger 8., 081.
■nnger, Wesley, 980.
■nnltlonsofWar.
Ames wrought-iron gun, 141, 142.
Annual report, Ordnance Departniont, 140>146.
Arms, etc., mastered out organisations, 23.
Exportation of arms, eto., 4.
MannfactttriDK faoilitiee, 141-144.
Betention of anna, etc., by honorably discharged
soldiers, 43. 68. 64.
Statemente, purchases, etc., of ordnance, etc.,
up to June 80, 1866, 146.
■aasoa, Garry, 919.
■ardoeh, Thomas F., 900.
■ardock, James B., 895.
■ardock, Joaeph, 919.
■arphy. Brown, 921.
■arphy, Charles, 897.
■arphy, Isaac, 66.
■arphy, Jeremiah, 923.
■nrphy,JohnA.,901.
■nrphy, Peter P., 896.
■nrral, Beary, 916.
■array, William F., 913.
■nrsick, George A., 780.
■nssey, F. B., 900.
■assay, B. D., 122.
■assay, W. B., 900.
■asteriag OScers.
Certificates of non-indebtedneea tomnatered out
offloerB,94,96.
Bolls and returns of disbuided organisations, 50.
■nator ont of Tolnntaers.
Arkauaas citisene in U. S. service, 55.
Army Corps, 1st (Hancock), 679, 580.
Desertors reporting under President's procla-
mation, 4.
Enlisted men detaohe<l in confinement, etc., 60.
Final payment on discharge, 49, 60.
Missouri SUto Militia, 59.
1084
INDEX.
Muter Mt of Tolntocn— ContiBiMa.
Pfttiaiite in hotpitiO, 4, 5, 25, M.
ficgnUtJoiM gorerniag regtmental and oompaBy
orgaaiMtloiw, 20-88.
IteiideiToiM for troops, 21, 24.
Botantkn of anno, etc., by honorably diMhaiged
■oldlera, 48, 58,64.
Bight of oortatn mon of Yoteran Beoonre Corps
todiMshar«o,56.560.
BoUa and xetoma of disbanded organiwtions, 50.
Trl-monthly roports, 23.
YoCaran Bsserrs Corps, 160.
YoCoran Tolnntsers In srtiUsry, 50.
See slso JHtbandment ^ tht Arw^.
Mus7,FnBklin,018.
Mysrst Frederick, 832. 840.
Myers, Jdssfh B., 026.
Myers, Fetor, 081.
Myers, WIIUaM.
Comspondonoe. Q. K. Q0n.*s Offloe, XT. B.A. . 448
Mentioned, 210, 222, 345. 848, 860.460.
Hagle,B.H.,4B.80.00,02.
BbUI, Heniy C.
Correepondenoe. Provost -Msishal-Qeneiai's
Ofltoe.U.8.A..848.
Mentioned, 816. 848, 000.
Operations of oflioe, 848-806.
]lanqr,lbraaL.,804.
Hash, Mr.. 02.
Hash,FrsderlekA.,002.
HashTflls, TOnn.
BatUe. Dec 16-18, 108A, 608.
Vatlonal OemeteHes.
Intermsnt of deoessed soldiers, 241, 212, 816-822.
Bemsrks, tSecretsry of War, 1087.
Bnperlntendents, 180, Ul.
Braiarks, Secretsry of War, 1088.
Searooast and lake defenses, 108, 100.
HavyDepartai«nt,V.8.
Correepondenoe, D. D. Porter, 166.
Transfer to, of gnn-boato, Western ilTers, 478.
Hsvy or the United Btotos.
Cxedito for enlistments, 088, 084.
Heel, Basrael, 010.
Vehekor, Ctoorge, 008, 020.
Heely, Isaac M., 006.
Voir, Charies, 014.
Reir,GOTh«iJ.,001.
Vegrsesa
Bnrean B.. F., & A. L., 10, 20, 48. 44.
Colonisation or settleoMBt, 866.
Compensation to owners of siaTos enlisting, 067,
084,1080,1081.1046.1048.
Employment by Confederstee for military pnr-
poeee,711,712.
Employment in U. S. miUtary servloo, 082, 688.
BnroUment, oto., 867.
FagitlTeeIaTea,864.
Laborars.066^660.
Orgn.,eqnlp.,ete., of colored troope. 8eel7nif«d
Atalet OMotmI SVoofM.
Belation to Xr.S.miUtarysorTlee, 064.481.
Hegroes— Continned.
Betaliation order of Abraham Lineoln, 087.
Sabstltntes. 832, 633.'
Under-eooks, 067.
Wife nnd ohildren of colored soldier or esUor.OBO.
Helde, Borace.
Correepondenoe. Adjutant • General's Ofios.
U.S. A., 28.
Mentioned. 888.
Kelson, Anderson D., 880.
lrsshltt,Be^|smlB,OOL
NeHls, Ferry, 017.
Hewberry, Heniy, 028.
Hewberry, John S., 006.
Hewcomb, Charles J., 010.
Vewell, John 1., 010.
KewhaU, Daniel, 081.
Hew flampshlre.
One-hondred-days* men, 040.
BepreseDtative recmite and prln«ipals> 014, 031
State bounty. 740, 741.
Hew Hampehirs, Ooremor of.
Correepondenoe :
A4JutantOeneral'80(Boe,U. & A.. 20, 42, 43, M.
lilncoln. Abraham. 881.
Hew Baapshire Troops.
Artillery, Heavy— BottolioiM: Ist(OompMMi).
D,108.
Artillery, Bmirj^RtgimtnU: 1st {Oompmmif*),
A, B, 108.
Cavalry— J{^m«ntc; 1st, 06.
Infontry— BesrimenCf: td, 578.
Hew Ironsides, U. & S.. 156.
Hew Jersey.
Onehundred-daye' men, 840.
Bepreeentative recmite and prlnoipala, 824,081
Stoteboanty,742.7a.
Hew Jersey, Goremor of.
Correspondence :
A4Jntant-General'sOflioe,U.8.A.. 20. 42, 43, 64.
Lincoln. Abraham, 881.
Hew Jersey Troops.
Cavalry-.B«^m«nt«.* Sd, 167, 160.
Infantry>-£^menC>.* t0th,61.
HewBuler, Benry, 830.
Hew Market, Ta.
Bngagement. May 15, 1884, 480.
Hew Mexico, Deportment of.
Operations Quartermaster's Dept., 444-447.
Hsw Mexico Troops.
Infantry— BattoKoiw: 1st, 1047.
Hew national. Steamer, 478.
Hewport, B. M., 210,280,848^840,860.
Hewton, Beniy, 010.
Hewton, Isom, 014.
Hewton, John T., 028.
Hewton, WUllam, 028.
Hew Tork.
Drafla, enrollment acts, 08&,
Emergency militia, 047.
One-hnndred-daya' mon, 640.
BepresentatiTB recrulta and prlaelpnU. •Sft.OO^
062.
Blots hx Kew Tork City and Troy, «2&
Stoto bounty, 740-743.
Three months' or lees serrioe troope, 648^ 047.
IKDEZ.
1085
New Tork, CJorenMr •f.
CorreiipoDdeDce:
A^Jatant-Oeneral's Offloe, U. & ▲.« »,42,4S,ft4.
Lincoln, Abraham, Ml. 88S.
New York City.
Oper»tionsof supply depot, Q.lC.'sDoiik.,21Ai4S7.
Kioto, Jaly. 1883, 825.
Hew York Troops.
Artillery, Heavy— JSf^iiiMntof 7tk,97; Utk,M.
Artillery, Ught-RsffimMts: lit (BoMMFiM).
l,F.ei: 1,402; K,ei.
CaTalry — ISepimente: 1st (LiiMoln), 61 1 1st
(/Vovifionol), 66; td <ffarH» i;<0*<),61: td
(ProvMonol), 97; M (r«teran),167,16S| 4tk
{ProvitwruUh 157, 158; 8tk, 61} ftk, 66;
19th, tStli, 61.
Engineers-ie«^m«n£t: 1st, 61, 190; Uth, 61;
50th, 61, 174, 176.
Infantry- i;«^m«n(#: ftth (Ytieran), 96; 41st,
64th, 578; 62d, 66th, 96; l«ld,S78: IMth,
15Ut,61; 166th, 160th, 158; 101st,157,lM;
17Sd,158; 10M,56l.
Hlchols, George, 919.
Nicholi, lisac A., 897.
Nichols, William 1.
Correspondence. See Ac^t (?«n.*t OJlct, U,B.A.
Mentioned. 790, 1016.
Nicholson, Andrew, 926.
Niekerson, SiUathlel, 918.
Nlckerson, Seth, 919.
Nlcolls, G. A., 925.
NIcolls, G. A., Mrs., 925.
Nigh, Ellas, 845.
Nixon, A. B., 909.
Nixon, William, 925.
Noble, Darid, 901.
Noble, H. T., 346, 349, 350.
Noblet, Talentlne C, 931.
Noblitt, Dell, 925.
Noell, Charles W., 907.
Nolan, Michael, 926.
Non-Combatants.
Exemption from draft, etc.. 683, 886, 887.
NorriR,JohBA.,902.
Norris A Son, 64,80,542.
North America, Steamer, 228, 288.
North, Base, 916.
North, Nelson L., 893.
North Carolina, Locomotive, 35, 542.
North Carolina.
Constmction Corpn, military railroads, dia-
banaed,23,24.
Holden, W, W., Provinional Oovemor, 38.
Insurrection in, declared suppressed, 1009.
Operations in. See—
Campaign of thf OaroHnaa. Jan. 1-Apr. §6,
1865.
Fisher, Fort. ExpedUioM to :
Dee. 7-97, 1864.
Jan. S-17, 1865.
Sallrosds and equipments, 298, 299, 669, 860.
Reorganisation of constitutional govemmont,
37-4W.
North Carolina, Gorsmor of.
Correspondence, Abraham Lincoln, 686.
Response to call for miUtlA. 886.
Northern Ala. and Middle Tsnn. Campaign.
Nov. 14, 1864^an. 23, 1666. 601.406.
Northern Goorg Is and VMrthom i
Operations. Sept 2»>Not. U, 1866.
Qnartannaster's Department operations, 406,
406,409^411, note p. 4SS.
Bemarks, Soorelary of Wnr,50L
Signal opentloiui, 166.
Norton, A., 847.
Norton, A. 8., 819. 911.
Norton, G. A., S49l
Nojes, H. 8., 919
Nojes, Stephen, Jr., 911.
Nngent, Bobert, 888.
Nntterriile, Lewis, 917.
Nyenm, John, 930.
N je, GoTenor, LooomotlTO, 84, 80, 642.
Nyo, Joshna, 918.
O. 8. Pierce, Steamer. 18a
Oakes, James.
Correspondence :
Adjutant-General's Offloe. U. & A.. 28.
Provost-Marshal-Genenl'sOOoo^U. & A., 806.
HenUoned, 111, 616, 886, 919.
Operations of offloe, 618, 808-841.
OaUsofAIlegianM.
Amnesty, 87.
O'Bannon, A. 8., 907.
0*Beirne, Jamos B., ML
O'Brien, flenry, 926.
O'Brien, John, 926.
O'Brien, William, 928.
O'COMor, EdwMPd, 914.
O'Donnoll, Bichard, 920.
Offlcers, Arm J.
Colored troope, 661.
CoDunlasloned, organiantlOBSseiTlnglnTez., 66.
Deduction of pay of, <m Isave, 186.
Fngltive slaves, 664.
General and staff, 1.49.
Keglect of duty, etc., of, in oharge of troops to
bo diMsbanced, 28,29, 62, 68.
Payments to, of mustered oat reglnwnta, 94, 86.
Regimental, on detached sorvioo,92,96.
Relative merit ot volnntoor, 15.
Three months' pay proper, 68.
IT. 8. mUitary railroads, 1000.
Yetoran Reserve Corps, 686, 660, 661.
Ohio.
Militia, six months' service, 64a
One-hundred-days' men, 684,648,640.
Operations of offloe of snrgooa board of enroQ-
ment Twelfth District. 867-881.
Representative reoruita and prindpala, 927, 928,
932.
Retention in servloo of voluitsora, 116, 116, 161,
211,212.
State bounty, 746, 747.
Ohio^ Department of the.
Military telograph operaitiens, 871-878.
Ohio, Govsnor of.
Oorrespondenoe :
A^t Ge&.'s Offloe, IT. a A., 28, 48, 48, 54, 211.
Lincoln, Abrahsm, 881.
War Department, U. &. 116, 16L
Retention of volonteera liy serrioe, 116, 116, 161,
211,212.
Ohio Troops.
Artillory. Heavy— Jtcyimsnttf lil^Ol
1086
DfTDEX.
Ohio Ti— >■ Conttwwd.
Artniery.Ligbt-iraffcrtor UHk^BtL
CKWMhj-JUgtmmU: Stk, 187,166; llfk, nS;
Ittk, 157, 15&
latanttj—Rtffimmtt: 18tt, 197 1 670, 678;
88th, 82; llMh, llSfh, lffl4, IMIh, 61;
188th, S2; 184th, 156.
O^Kmb, MortlMon, 616, 604.
Oleott, T. W., 628.
OMm, ChwlM 8., 606.
Oliver, JohB F., 60S.
OllTer, Biehard, 918.
OlMitMJ, Richftrd, 920.
Oae-Haadnd-lhiyt' Troops.
Bomarkii:
Fry, J. B., 648, 646.
Seoretary of War, 664.
0'HolU,JaaMi,925.
OpaqaoB CrMk, Ta.
fiattle, Sept. 19, 1664, 600.
Onwfe, LoooDiotiTe, 85, 548.
Ord, Edwar« O. C, 86, 178, 188, 188, 184, 468-458,
460.504,518,1085.
Ordnaaee DepartaiMt, V. 8. A.
Correopondenee, War Department, U. 8., 140.
DUbaadinent of the Army, 81
Dyer, A. B., Chief of Ordnanoe, 881.
Fiacal aflhlra, 140.
Operatlona, 1806 and 1866, 140L.146, 028.881, 1048,
1048.
StatemoDta, porohaaea, eto., of ordnanoe, ote., up
to June 80. 1865, 145.
Ordronaax, John, 888.
Ordway» Hehealah 0., 914.
OrgaalaatlOB, EqalpoMit, ate., of Aray (C).
AoU of G. a Congieaa, 660.688.
GaUa for troopo, 661, 688.
Moaanrea for teomitment, 1861-88» 688-888.
Bemarka, J. B. Fry, 687-718.
See alao (7o«|fMl«rate AofM 0Mer«4 fVvopt.
Orgaalsatliia, BqnlpHOnt, ote., of Anay (V.).
Change of method diMmaeed, 888-886.
Moaanrea for, In 1861 and 1868. 604-611.
Organisatlona mnateted and forwarded to the
field daring the war. 1018-1086.
▼olnnteor foroe for dofeaae of Kentaoky, 160,
OdOafor Tr«ap$.
ReeruUing S«r9iM.
JHffnalOorpi.
UniUd 8tais$ CMared Troap§.
Y§Uran SMtrv Oarpt,
V«t0nm Vohmtmn.
O'Borke, JaiMa, 864.
Orriek, H. Mouoe, 881.
Oehon, John B., 988.
Oieaola, LooomotlTo, 80.
Oafood, Laey, 919.
Ofterhans, P. J., 884, 807, 404, 406w
OTordoer, 111, 898.
Oranwa, Stephen, 928.
Overton, Hilton, 989.
0Tert0B,Blchard,816.
Owoa, Charloa, 617.
Ow«n,ChailaaH.,918.
ihB,817.
OiTM, Paal, 918.
OiTM, B. B., 848.
Owen, Sarah B., 886.
Owen, W.H., 825. 817, 828. 888, 848, 844, 848.
OwMO, Woaloy, 888.
Padfle, Deportaent of the.
Operatlona Qoartannaoter'a Daptn 487, 488.
'a08toabU.B.A.,468w
Pate, Henry.
OorraapoBdeneo,(^ M. Gom.*i
lCentloiied,844,880,468.
Pago, JoMph, 881.
Page, BaHoHT., 880.
Palgo,HenryA.,8S6.
PBlno,Iewli,817.
Pateo, B. B., 786.
Painter, WOUun, 844.
Palfiroy, John C, 188.
PaMoyf'ohnCI.,820.
Pafanor, Bdwin, 867.
PalBMr,JoabW.,818.
Patanor,JohnH.
A^jntant-Ooneral'a Ofltoe^ U. H. A.. 88.
ProToat-Harahal-Oenaral'a (MBoe, U. S. A., 48.
Mentioned, 6U.
Palmer, O.H., 866.
Palmer, Thoauw, 844.
Palmer, Waterman, 825.
Palmer, William J., 508.
Pamplln, WlUlam J., 617.
Paaky, Oeorge, 617.
Paanaa, Stephen, 916.
Paanell, JaaMe, 828.
Pardee, Arlo, Jr., 426.
Pardee, Bo^|amln 8., 668.
Parif, Sydney, 615.
Park, JaaMS, 808.
Parke, Edwin A., 888.
Puke, John O.
Coireapondonee, A^Jntant - GoBoral'a OUm,
IT. & A., 87.
Mentioned, 56. 888, 864, 458. 516L 517.
Puker, Am 8., 824.
Parker, DaTM,8d, 820.
Parker, Cleo. A.,-LooomotlTa,80.
Paiker, Ollhert L., 848, 888, 400.
Parker, Jamea, 880.
Parker, Jordan, 914.
Parka, John (Maaa.), 980.
Parkf, John (Q. M.*a DeptHlT.& A.). 88,80Q^848,4n.
Paika, WlUlam H., 808.
Parky, Samael, 817.
PanMnter, Charlea, 814.
Parrott,EdwlnA.,886.
Paraoae, Charloa, 848.
Paraona, Lewli B.
Correspondence, Q. M. Oon.*i Oflloo, tr.8JL., 888.
Mentioned, 228, 881, 801, 848, 848, 487.
doring the war, nelf p. 801.
TranaCw of 88d Oorpa ftom the
INDEX.
1087
pHMBlt LtWil I.
MeBtloiMd,n.
ProTiaioaal GovMnor of AUtMUBAidO.
PwfOBf, B. H. H., 89B.
Panoaiy Thoo^llis, 9M,
P«rMiii, Wllllni,915.
P»tt0B, SuuMr A., 801.
Pttter, Honct, 914.
P«tt«rM«, WllUni H., 896.
P«ttOB, H6U7, 996.
PmIIIb, OMrge W., 925.
PBZtOB,BMlMll.,996.
P«7 DcparteeBt, V. 8. 1.
Brloe, B. W., P«7mMter-Q«B6ral« S81.
I>efa]catioB%204.
BiabBndmeBt of the Army, 22, 2S.
Diabozvementa dnrisg the wbt, 204.
Ftocal aflkin, 200, 201.
Operations, 1865 and 1806, 800-204, 521, 1041.
PajrBWftep4leBerBri Ofllee, D. B. 1.
Boontiea to colored aoldiera, 659, 660.
Correapondenoe :
Grant, U.S., 28.
War Deputment, U. 8.. 200.
Orders, aeriea 1865: Kay 86, 659.
Orders, Memorandum, aeriea 1865 : Jane 8f , 69.
Psjmasten.
dumber employed daring the wsr, 202.
Casnsltiea, 202.
pBjmeBts to Troops.
Bounty to troops mustered out, 12, 13, 52, 53, 1087.
Final, on disoh»rge, 49, 50.
Grant to Psymaster-Ctonersl and reply, 28.
Mastered out organUatlons, eto., 22, 25.
Oflioers mustered out regiments. 94, 96.
Three months* pay proper to oflioers, 58.
Pnyne, F. B., 906.
Pajrae, Jsbms G., 887.
Payne, JohBl., 919.
Payne, B. F., 920.
Payne, T. C, 894.
Pay of the Irmy.
Colored troopa. 657-660.
Deduction, flrom oBcera on leave, 130.
Ifegroea employed under Act of July 17, 1862,655.
Ifegroea in military aerrifte, 682, 633.
Peabody, Alfred, 92a
Peabody, Edwin B., 920.
Peabody, Jernsba, 020.
Peabody, William fl., 924.
Pearee, Charles G., 928.
Pease, William B., 601,754,888.
Peek, Carroll B., 907.
Peek, Charles H., 439.441.
Peck, R. B., 901.
Peck, George L., 923.
Peck, George B., 924.
Peck, George W., 924.
Peek, Jabes, 920.
Peek, Jonas 0., 020.
Peekham, ElUsh 6., 928.
Peckham, Feaner fl., 898.
Peebles, John, 928.
Pelrre, Lather fl., 381. 844, 847. 360.
Pelrpoiat, Fraacis fl.
Correspondence, Abraham Lincoln, 881.
P^lifalBt, FiaMls B.- .QmtiBDed.
Mentioned, 14, 26^ 27. 75, B86.
Be eatabliahment in Yirglnla of authority of
the United Statea, 18-15.
Peltoa, Lewis F., 894.
Pember,B.T.,«81.
Pealleld, Hary, 980.
Peaaeck, Greea, 927.
Peaale, Samael, 925.
Peaalmaa, C. J., 980.
PeaBlBgtOB,J«ha,928.
PeaasylTaaia.
Emergency militia, 647.
Militia, sU months' serrioe, 64&
One-hundred-days* men, 649.
BepiesentatlTe reomits sad prlnelpals. 084.926,
932.
State bounty, 742-745.
State militia, ninety days, 647.
Three months* or less senriee troops, 646, 647.
PeaasylTaaia, DepartiMat of.
Signal operatioBS, 158.
PeaasylTaBla, Gofernorof.
Coirespondenoe :
A4Jutant-Gen«ral*s Ofllee,n. 8. A.,29, 42. 48, 54.
Lincoln, Abraham, 881.
War Department, U. a, 48, 60.
PeaasylTaaia Troopa.
Artillery, HeaTy— BiyiawiUf ; Sd, 197, 158.
ArtiUery, Light— BottM-iM : I, 428, 429 ; G, 61
Cavalry— B«9»tiMi»tf.- 1st (FrovittonaO. 66; td
(ProvUtonat), 07; 8d (Frovitionat), 187. 158.
Infantry— B^mente: 47th, 678; 184tk, 744;
14l8t,50: 150th, 62. 561; 186th, 98; 187th,
97; 188tk, 578; 80lBt,62; 80fld,96; 816tfc»
66.
Penrose, William fl., 75.
Peasioas.
Wife and children of eolored soldier, 659.
Pepper, Isa fl., 914.
Perehment, A., 899.
Perham, Joel, Jr., 891.
Perkias, Abaalom, 920.
Perkins, DelsTaa B., 888.
Perkina, F. W., 349.
Perkins, Fraaklla L., 918.
Perfclas, Stephea, 927.
Periey, Dsalel, 892.
Perly,JohBP.,913.
Perly, Samael F., 913.
Perry, Alexander J.
Correspondence, Q. M. Oen.*s Oflloe, V. 8. A.,260.
MenUoned. 218, 228, 224, 843, 846, 860, 436, 451.
Perry, Angastai, 913.
Perry, Be^|amtn F.
Mentioned, 89.
ProTisional GoTomor of South Carolina, 89.
Perry, B. K., 913.
Perry, Jemmy, 922.
Perry, Badlsoa 8., 691, 692.
PeraeTeranee, LocomotiTO, 85, 54S.
Peters, Edward D., 920.
Peters, Edwin, 928.
Petersburg, Vs.
Expedition from Winchester, Feb. 27-Mar. 88,
1865,507.
1088
INDEX.
P«tt«l« Jokm J.f 691, 602.
PcsfMt, Bm t4i.
PntOB, Albert, 828.
P«7Mr, llMrj, 014.
Pk«lHfAbaerJ.,SlS-
Phel|i«,Ctodrs«H.,818.
Pbtlpt, J«hB W.
Declared an ontlaw. 712.
Mentioned. 712.
PkUiideI»li]e, Piu
Opecmtione of eapply depot» QaarteniiMter*e
Depertment, 218, 210. 486, 450468.
PklUIpe, Cknriee B., 176.
Pkmipe,EII]inI..,006.
PklIIIpe,eeerseA.,024.
PfeilUpe, Inee K., 810, 806.
PkllUpe,J«Me,020.
PkllUpe,Jokn,882.
Phllllpe,L.H.,M6.
PklUIpe, Patrick, 02a
Phlna7« Jmm H., Jr., 806.
Pickeu, PraaeliW.
Correepondenoe. Bee South OoroKna, Gee. ^f.
Mentioned. 608.
Pickwick, LoeomoUre, 80.
Pierce, CluurletF., 020.
Plei«e,CkarlesW.,020.
Pierce, Cheitor, 014.
Pleice, Oeerye T., 886.
PlCTCC, CI Ubert A. , 826. 827, 888, 818, 86L
Pierce, Henry A., 020.
Pierce, J. H., 028.
Pleice, JoknlL, 020.
Pierce, H. 8., 080.
Pierce, 0. 8., Steamer, 188L
Pierce, WlUlaMC, 006.
Pleraen, Jokncea, 006.
Ptonea, WlUbua, Jr., 887.
Plenea, WlUbua W., 801.
PIgHta, Bebert, 014.
Plke,ClMeter,80L
PIM,WiUlaaiA.,120.U8.
PIUow, eenenl. Steamer, 478.
Plllew,eideenJ.,701.
Piper, Cleerse C, 080.
Plteker,Tkemaa6.
Coneepondenoe, A^Jt. Gen.'e OOee, IT. & A^ 28.
Mentioned. 111. 888. 880. 1048.
PItcker, 'Winiam H., 801.
Pitkin, J. H., 78.
Pitkin, Perlej P., 846, 840, 880, 406.
PUto,HeleOB, 881,840.
PUtt,Alonae,806.
Piatt, Inae, 804.
Pleaaaat, Dawaey, 017.
Plaib,Balfk,847.84t.
Plammer, larael, 010.
Pinkett, nomaa P., 020.
Plymantk, U. S. Sloop. 600.
Pee, Orlando H.
MentloBed, 16^167.
KamtlTe ooUated flrom report, 100.
Point Lookoat, Md.
Meaeoree for defenee, 160.
Bemaike, X. M. 8taBkm,681,881
Poilaid,Bickaid,887.
Polir,lMaeP.,918.
Pamercy, lepUna C, 884.
Pemerey, MoncR, WKm
PeBd,Arthn',886.
Pwtiae,IT.&8.,4l4.
Paol,Mr.,480L
Pool, William ■••026.
Poole, Be Witt C., 810,011.
Poor, LA., 848.
Poor, William 0., 018.
r^M Colnakna H., 020.
Pope, jroka,76^ 116, 167, 212. 487.001,618,878^168^
1046.
Portor,Andi«wB.,018.
Portar,BaTldB.
CoRoapondeneo. Vurj Depaitmont, TT. B., 198.
Mentioned. 121. 156. 468, 566w
Porter, ldwln,890L
JameeW.,010.
Porter, Joaepb, 028.
Porter, Orlando P., 666.
Porter, Samaol A., 020.
Porter, TiBMlkyB., 084.
PortaoMnth, U.aSloop, 887.868.
Poaea, AkaorB., 028.
Poet, S. S., LooomotlTe, 00.
Poet, William T., 886.
Poet,BkldBMre*Co.,88.
Potoamc, Army offke (V.).
MlUtary telegraph
'a Depnitaamt. 218,
Ofdara, Bpeeial. aeriea 1864i Ho. BM, 177.
8lBnaloporatieiia,188.
Poller, A. i.« 811.
Poller, BUna 8., 804.
Potter, Henry, 080.
Potter, ioknC, 020.
Potter, Jooapli A.
Oorreepondonee, Q. M. Oen.*e Oflloe, TT.S.A., 40.
Mentioned. 846. 847, 860, 466.
Potter, H. BftfJIBk
Potlar,0.0.,661.
Potter, B.H., 487.
Potlar,Urlak,88&
1.,
881.
PowoU, John W., 187.
Powara, H. 0., 888.
Powen, V. B., 006.
Poweta, Joeaph T., 886, 840, 86L
Powera, Lewla J., 010.
PowerB,WIUIamB.,080.
Powley, John B., 028l
Pintt,J.H.,806.
IKDEX.
1089
Pntt,Wt1llni,flM.
Pnblt, 0— 1»> A., MS.
Aeoepted noraita, TBS, TM.
PmtlM, B«^|mlB M., lit.
PniMMrt, LooonotiT^ 8ft. 80. SO.
, C 8. 8m J«/«nofi Jkt9U,
,U.8.
•to. Bee iiamiWMn
PudoniBg power, ft-11.
Proolftmattono, 18, 87.^ I08-1O7, 18ft, 181, 880;86e.
1008-1018.
PiMt«i,Alkorte.y80>.
FrMtoayiokmS.
CorreBpondeiioe, War Oaportnent, a B.,880, 700.
Fivfwt, CInrloi M., 884.
PrlM,Bf^|aiirfa,oao.
Pifco, GkariM* 914.
Prl«o» Gkulot H., 8B.
PriM, CtoMial, a 8. 8., 478.
Prleo,HlrMi,«8L
PrlM,JokaC.» 888. 01ft.
Frleo, MoBtgMMrf , 918.
PrlM,8lMlteff»M9,604.
Prloo'o MiMMil bpidltlOB.
Aiiff.l9.DM. 8. 1884, 804.
PrlMt,8unel,918w
PrfaM, Fiedtriok I., 188.
PriMo, a & Tmnoporik 478w
PrfaMO,AIk«rt,020.
PriBflo, 11«U7> 988.
PnOPf PfelMMOB Pay 888.
PrlMMnofWar.
Bcnuirka. S. If . Btonton. ftn. 888, lOtf.
PMduwtlOBiof the PiMMwt.
AmnMty.S?.
Bloelaide,10B-107.
BlMlcode ootebUshod by ICazlmJlioii. 1008, 1007.
OonflBdente orniMn, 18.
BBADOilMtiOD. 888.
HeboM corpiu, writ of; 880.
lUitlal lew In Kentacky. 18S.
Bemond of VMtcietloiis on trade, 108-lW.
Beorgenlsatlon of oonitltntlonel goTornmenle
In Soathern StiitM. 87-89.
TermlBetion of boeUlitiee, 104. 1007-1012.
TbenkeglTing, Dee. 7, 188ft, 181.
PrMtor, Jobs C, 913.
Prank, JttMiN., 894.
PrareftJbrdMl-OeMnPi Bneu, U. 8. 1.
Aotg. Aeek Pro. Man. Oen., 802, 818, 888-800.
Baxter, J. H., Chief Hedloal Offloer.780.
CMnaltlM among oiaployAa. 913.
DlMontinned and boaiDeM turned oTor to AdJn-
tant-Qeneral, U. a A.. 1014-1018. 1088.
XXwnmeiite Koe. 14 to 39 aooompaoylng 8nal
report, 881-913.
EzpensM of enrollment, eto., 801.
Final report of operattoDS, 909»988.
FlMsal aAin, 88^487, 780-«tt.
Fry, J. B.. ProTMt-Maretaal Oeoeral. 581 .
69 B R^SBBIES III, VOL V
Pre. Kar. G«b«'i Biraaa, V. 8. Ai-OoBttBaed.
Medical and anthropologleal alatlatloa, 879. 787-
780.
Model oSoM, iUastrating operatio&e and man*
agement, 818. 81ft, 803-881.
Opetationa. 188ft. 488-480, ftl8-StL
BednetSon of expenwe. 108, 109, 489.
Snl^to embraoed in final report, 804.
Bammary of rMolU of operatlone, 800, 801.
PreTOfll-Henbal-€leneral*a OflM, V. 8. A
OorreepondenM:
Baxter. J. B., 788.
DeForwt,J.W..ft48.
Dodge, T. A., 780.
GiUmor^Q.A..4B.
Jonee.V.S..887.
MoKMTer.C.TBO.
HaiU.H.G.,843.
Oakee,J.,808.
Palmer. J. M.. 48.
Batbboiie.H.B.,904.780.
8axton.B.,48.
8wtt,G.B..712.
SideU.W.H..18,48.
8mltb,L..48.
War Department, U. 8.. 108, 488, 609, 888, 88ft.
Wbiting.W.,890.
Wilaon,J.H..48.
Deeerters' Branob. 750-768.
Diabnraing Branch, 204-811, 888, 887, 780-789.
Bnrollment Branch, 712-749.
Medical Bi^oh. 800, 679, 758-780.
Offloera on doty, 801. 802. 712, 713, 754. 780, 787.
Orders, CironlarB,eeriM 1888: Ko. tt, 784; Ho.
84, 881; Ho. Se, 839; He. 44, 827; Ho. 48,
88ft: Ho. SI, 832; Hot. 84, 86, 101, 881.
Ordera, Ciroolara, mHm 1884: Jan. 11, 768; Ho.
8, 881; Ho. M, 849; Ho. 89, 020.
Ordera, Circnlare, MrlM 1886 : He. ft, 881.
OrganiEatlon, etc., 812, 013.
Veteran Beeerre Corpe Branob. 643-687.
VolontMr BMroiiing Branch, 790-808. •
ProTOf^Hanhali BaroilaMat Diitrieta.
Llatof. appointed, etc., 891-911.
Organiaation and management of ofBcee, 814,
816,843-881.
aothingand equipage. 838, 224. 286-274, 288-288.
Mnnitiona of war, 145.
Pablie animala, 220. 221. 264-268. note p. 862.
Pariy, 8amMl, 928.
Perdy, Zaeh. V., 939.
Palnam,J.C.,91l.
PBtnam,S.J. H.,908.
Pataey, JaaMi, 900.
Pjrmea, Be^|amin, 926.
Pyne, Percy B., 923.
Qaaif, Htepben, 897.
Qeartermaater-Clenerari Ofllee, IT. 8. 1.
AfUvtant-Oeneral'ii Offloe, U. 8. A., 808.
AUen, B..379.
Babbitt. B.B.. 437.
Batobelder,B.K.,464.
Brown, &L., 806, 308, 311.
1090
INDEX.
q— rttTMiHr flMirar» Oaatt U. S. A.-<3oBt'd.
ComspoBdmMW:
Card, B. C, 801, ttt, S». U8.
(Mll7.F.JM4Se.4flO.
Cro«iDaB.O.H.,4W.
DuukJ.J.,81&.
I>aiib«',O.X.,401
ButOB,L.C.,8M,l».
Ekin,J.A^S84.
I\i>rt,G.L.,404.406.
Foltar.W.O.,S8B.
0»M«,W.L.,«71.
Howard, J. B^ 466.
lBgidls,B.,880.
LQdiagtoB,lLI.,481.
Lynch, a. Om 878'
KoCaUnm, D. C, 986, 801, 974.
HoFaxmi. J. C, 448, 444.
MMka7.A.J.,480.
lCeKlin.W.W.,460.
lCoora.J.K.,817.818L
KiMilfton,C.W.,447.
lC7«n,W..44a.
Pag«,H.,40B.
PanoiM,L.B.,a8.
Fwry, A. J., lOOi
Potter, J. A.. 408.
Itoaii]ictoii,J.X..400^
Booker. D.H.. 808, 8801
Bnt]Mrfocd,0«y.,894.
Stogw.A..888.
8tcaiig.X. J., 480,4001
8woidi,T.,480.
VMiyiio(,8.,480.
yilitOB,D.H..487.
War I)opwtm6iit,U. 8^80 101,8181
Wlaa,O.D.,887.8IO,47C
DiTialona— Opomtiona, 1880:
Barraeka and qnartam, aM-M8, 01^-888.
CloUdng and aquipafa, 888-396, 900-987.
iBspaetion, 846, 840^ 894-861.
Militaiy traina §m€ inoidaDtal aUowaaoaa,
Ooaanaad lakatnnaportatioo, 83&-9ao,98f7-800.
PnbUe aaimala, 990-Stt. 964-900.
Bail and river tranaportation, 990-998, 906-406.
Baoorda and oofraapondanoa, 947, 862.
Bflfnlar anppUaa, 880-990, 906-816.
Ordera, Cironlara, aariaa 1006: Hajr 9, 3.
Ordera,Q«aaral,aerlaal804: Kaa. Si, 49,859.
Orden, Ganeral, aeriea 1006: Kaa. 17, 18,801;
110.94,869; Ko.€6,860{ 110.98,964; Ro.
90, 10,801; Ko. 48,810; Ho. 49,864; llo.M,
886; No. 69, 880.
QnartanMatart.'
Llai of, in aorriea dnrinf the war, 840-061.
Qnartarauatar'a DopartMOBt, V. 8. A.
Acconnta for money and proper^, 947, 868.
Appropriationa, 1009-1000,968,964.
Barracka and qoartera, 980-9a 816,810.
Clalna nndar Aot of Joly 4, 1004, 999, 980, 900,
note p. 869.
Clothing and eqnipafa, 64, 910, 910, 999-996, 900-
987, 880-841, 486-487, 447, 448, 4BO-460.
Diabandmant of the Aimy. 89.
Diaperalon of armlea oonoentrated at Waahing-
ton, 981-998, 801-800.
~ ^aflUra, 919, 918-989.
, V. 8. A«-CoBt'd.
penooaal, 946^ 940, 894-980,
849-861.
Haifa, H. C, Qnartannaaler-GaBarBl, 60L
Military organiaatlon of enpl^yte, 947, 948.
OporaOoBa, 1806 and 1008, 912-480. 694-590, 10981
1090.
PnbUo animala. 990-999. 994-900, note ^ 963.
Qnartamiyataca' prapart j, Jone 90, 1006 :
Captured and deetmyed by enemy, 841.
Captoied fkom enemy, 840.
BeeetTod and expended, 840.
KailitMd praperty. ICay 1, 1806, lOOOL
Baoorda and reporta of intermenta, 941, 9fl^
810-999.
Begnlar and miaeaUaneooa olalma, 900.
Bonier anppUea, 980-990, 906-815.
Beporta and tablee ecoempanying report Qnat^
termaater-GenenJ, 940-400.
8ale of imaorTleeablo property, 64.
TimnaportatloB of the Army, 996-996. 948446,
907-906. 901-806, 800411, 899. 998, 941^449.
Operatlena, 918, 210, 888408, 48^.487. 447-464, 488-
400.
qnlckgtop, LooomotiTO, 85b
4|«lgle7,PhlUp,00.
Qnteby, laaae P., 00&
Qnlney, Bary Jane, 090.
QnlM,Baney,094.
Qalna, John, 019.
f^nataaandCiedlta.
Xzhlbito:
Poioee flailed for 1001-1806 and oNdite al-
lowed. 790.
Troope mnatered for leee period tbna elx
montha,780.
XsplanatioB of difbrenoe between men oalled
for and men raleed, 061-064.
IVNCoee oalled for 1901-1906 and eiedita aUowed,
487.610.
Method of eettmating number of troope called
into aerrioe, 487, 480.
NaTal and marine enUatmenta, 003, 004.
Negxoea drafted or enliated in U. a aerrie^ 087.
Operatlona BnroUaMnt Branch ProToet-Mnr>
ahal-General'a Baraan. 710-718^ T80-T99.
Begnlar Aimy, 150.
Bemarka, J. B. Fi7, OOO, 088-040.
ttoggeetiona, Enrollment Braneh Pmrnatlfar
ahal<Oeneral'a Bnraao, 796, 790.
Baee, laaae Bm 098.
BadellOte, Samaal J., 700.
A., 090.
t, William, 020.
AndacBon, A., ganeral anperintendaBi in Sonth-
weat,009.
Claima for eerrioea, etc., miUtaiy, 900.
Gonatraetlon Corpe la Department of Ker«h
OaroUnn diebaaded, 98, 94.
Diapoaition of roUing -etoek and maehlaery, 980^
868460, 479, 696w
Datiee of eommanding oflieere on Uaea of ami-
taiy.lOOO.
BmployOa of miUtaiy, 000.
INDBX.
1091
Tlnal zvport of op«nttou of umtery. dnrlag
thowMr,974-100B.
laifoelkmof; Is Boatborn StatM, 6A.
iBtarteeMO by miUtarj oOoan, IMO.
LoeomotlTOi, oon,oto^ vted dwiBf war, 888. M9.
If eCollioD, D. C Billtery dlnetor ond oopariB
««id«it.t74.
Mi^ohowliig liaooopomted bymlUtery oathor-
ltloo«1006w
OpomfOM mmtei7,»-t7.44-48,0,M.«-n.W-
101, »8,SM,S0^2n.an,8tt,4BM76,5l6.Ma,
U1-M9,93S-100&
Oidoro, QeBMAl, Mitoo MM: lo. 1, MS.
Prinelpol ofltom of milltaxy :
MiMlMlppi, KiUteiy DlTliliMi of tho, WK.
Tlig|]iiA,9ei.
Praporty. May 1, ISflMOOS.
Batoi of tnuporiBttoii, 891
BaoMTka, Seoiotery of War, »a5b BMw
StataBiaiita,flaalzoporiofopantionaof military :
Brtdgoa and teaoka tail* or roboflt, 960, Ml.
008,1004.
Bamlnga and aalaa of matafial, 1001
Xzpandltoraa Ibr labor and natarial. 1004.
Liaaa oporatad, 970. 001, 004. 1008.
Poiaona amployad, 079.902, 008, 1008.
Bulla and rolUngnlll, 998-998.
BoIUng^ctook, 980, 908. 901 998, 990, 1008, 1004.
Tnaalivof,operat«d bymilttaiy toownera.M-
SS, 44M8. 101-108, 984, 881 681
Tranaportation on Waatatn, dnrinc tba war,
note p. 801.
Wilght, W. W.. obSof anglMer railraada floatb*
■alaaa, Jodab, 087.
Balalgb, LooomotiTat 81 548.
Balaton, Jobn, 021
Balaton, Willlaai «., 008.
Baai float, Woatcm Blran.
BxpendttaraB, 471
Liatof ▼oomU,471
Baport of 6. D. Wlao, Aaalatant Qoartoraiaater,
witb giin-boat flotiUa. 476-471
Tnmafer to Havy DepaxteMBt, 471
ia7,8l]aa,011
Band, Edward 8., 091
Band, OoorgoH., Oil
.G.,021
Bandolpb, Haboa F., 08L
Baadolph,Wataon,011
Baanay, Darwin B., 892.
Bauoa, ByaU C, 844, 880.
Bapldan, LooomotiTo,81
Baala, Hanson, 881.
Baaklai, OanM, 021.
BatbboBO, Haary B.
Oorreapondenoo, Proroat • Marshal • General's
Offloo,C.&A..2D4,781
Mentioned, 206, 207, 601 787.
Bans, Andrsw J., 081.
Bawllns,JobnA.
Oozreapondenoe. See U, 8. OnnL
C.,881
Bay, Gomallns ■•, 021
Bay,Jobn,981
BajiMMid, B* W.« 080.
BafMond, Ctoorgo L., 091
BaTVond, Hanry, 061
B^BOnd, Saaiaal A., 028.
BafMond, Z. L., 020.
Barnoldi, Willlaai P., 161
B^or, Bo^laaln F., 088.
Baaebart,Hiohaal,084.
,A.T.,001
I A., 001
Baardan, Daniel, 028.
Baaaaner, WllllaM, 021
Babaeea Barton, Steamor, 71
Baeords of Dlaeontlnned Goaunaadi.
Organisations mnsterad oat, 20-21
Votoran Baaenre Gorpa, 861
Baemlting Aganta.
6tataa deeUrad in rabalUon. 600. 682.
Baaraltlnf Sarrlea.
Approprlationa, eto., Tolantaor, 600, 884-681 780-
801
Before and after organlaation Proyost-Marabal*
Qeneial's Boxaaa, 800. 801, 801 1011 1014.
Colored troopa,! 11 41
Cknitraota,801
Diabnrsements dnring 1865. 488. 481
Enlistments of dtsohaigad ▼olnntaars la Beg-
nlar Army, 87. 50, 51.
Madioal ezamtnations, 600. 670. 758-780.
Begnlar Army, 127, 183.
Stataa deolared in rebellion, 600. 662.
Yotann Beaenre Ckvps. 541 541 651.
See also—
Rt^ruiHing AgtnU,
Beemto.
Bcemita.
Minora, lao.
Preminm for aooepted, 708, 794.
Baetor, Banry H.
Gorrespondenoe See Artensaj, ffovsnior ^.
Mentioned, 886.
Bedlngton, Cbarlas B., 030.
Bad Blrar Campaign.
Mar. 10-May 21 1884, 498.
Bad Borer, Steamor, 471
Beed, F. C, 111
Beed,Joslab,920.
Bead, WUllam, 024.
Beasa, Amor, 021
Beose, Chaaaeey B., 165, 167.
Bease, WtUlam, 021
Beares,WllllsmC,020.
Belch, Joseph, 021
Balehenbaeh, E. C, 258, 347, 841 85L
Bald, Bobert, 080.
Baifle, Theodora, 480.
Baladaer, LooomoUTO, 34, 541
Balnhart, Peter, 021
Bemer, William T., 806.
Bamlngton,JohnB.
Correapondenoe,Quartennaaier-Oenoral'sOffloa,
U. S. A.,40B.
Mentioned. 341 848. 361, 887.
Bamlngton, William A., 08L
1092
iin>sx.
DepartmenUl, muttar oat of ToliuilMra, SI.
State, flnAl paymont and dbcliwgo of troopo, 9L
Bnalo, Join, 831.
BapraMBtatlTe SeenlU.
Kames of piinoipaU and reeniito,91S-0n:
Bmnarka, J. a Firj. 64a, «0.
B0Ml«to,C.&S.,4O2.
Baitlaaax, ■. B. W., M9.
■antor, Ckarlet, 92&
Appralionaion and doliTory of daaortari, tn, 917 »
750>75t.754.
Baynaldt, A. B., nL
BajBoldiy Ibraa, 9M.
BayaoMf, B«^)aMfai, 4SB.
Baynolds, F., 780.
Baynoldi, Joka, W.
Baynoldi, John C, 808, 818w
Baynoldi, JoMph J.
Gorreapondonoe, A4jt. 0«B.'aOfllce,ir. 8. A., 106.
ICentioDed. 106, 518.
BayBoldi, lioaaol H., 881.
BajraoMifBaabon, 807.
BayBoldt, Bawena P., 880.
Baynoldi, Stophaa 8., 806.
Bayaoldt, WiniaM O., OV.
BUnehart, AaBto B., 825.
Bkoda Island.
]>rafta, enrollment acta, 685.
Bepreaentatire recmlta and prinelpala, 888, 988.
State bounty, 740. 741.
Bkoda Iilaad, Govenior of.
Oorreapondenoe, AdJntant • General's Offlee,
U.& A.. 28, 48, 48, 64.
Bkodfl Island Troopa.
Caralry-Aevimante: M, 197, 166.
Bice, Edward E., 820.
Biefeards,JoliBj.,881.
Blekards, Samael T., 981
Blekardson, Alexander, 817.
BlekardsoB, Charies, 018.
BichardMOB, Daniel, 81A
Bieliardson, B. C, 893.
Blekardson, Georfe If., 883.
BiehardsoB, Georfe P., 820.
Blekardson, Henry, 820.
BlckardsoB, Janes, 920.
Blekardson, Jim, 917.
Blekardson, Jokn H«, 007.
Blekardson, Josepk P., 695.
Blekardson, Peyton, 990.
Blekardson, Tkoaus, Mrs., 980.
Blekardson, Wniiani, 914.
Blekardson, William A., 884.
Blekardson, Wllliain H., 928.
Blekardson, WiUlaM T., 920.
Blekey, Jaaies, 924.
Blekaiond, Henry P., 891.
Blekaiond (Ta.) Caapalgn.
Jttue 13, 1864- Apr. 8. 1866, 496, 489.
BIfketts, James B., 489.
BIddle, Adam If., 928.
BIddle, W. B.,9n.
BlffR, William, 919.
BIley, Dennis, 916.
Blliy,Bll0nK.,996.
BUay, Jafcn M., Mrs., 986.
BUey, William H., 688.
Binff, Sekon, 890.
Bingold, Henry, 917.
Btit, Amos, 906.
Bltekle,BokortW.,687.
Blvora, Jim, 917.
Blrera, Sam., 928.
Biaar, Martin, 780, 816. 686.
Baaek,Blekaid,914.
Babk, Alfred, Steamer. 478.
Bokkersoa, Jamea L., 607.
Bakklns, Ckarles D., 80L
Bobbins, Jokn F.» 880.
Bobbins, BaynlB., 980.
Bobe, Jokn W., 928.
BaberwMi, Jokn T., 915.
Bobert,HeBfyM.,168.
Baborta, Alfred, 994.
Baborta, Ckarles W., 918.
Boberta, Edward W., 909.
Baborta, Emafc, 915.
BaboHs, laaaa, 901.
BaberU, Jokn, 990.
Boberts, Tkomaa B., 909.
Boberta, William (ICaaa.), 91&
Baborta, Wmiam (lilah.), 9881
Baborta, WOUam C, 684.
Bobertaon, Ckariaa, 802.
Bobtaaaa, Albert, 926.
BobtnsoB, Angnstai G., 360l
Bablnson,Ckarleo,OS8.
Boblnson, Ckaries H., 914.
Babtason, Darld, 922.
Boblnson, EdwaH, 915.
Boblnson, Enoek, 980.
Bobtason, Prank, 915.
Boblnson, Prederick C, 869.
Boblnson, General, LooomotiTo, 60.
Boblnson, H. L., Looomotive, 60.
Boblnson, Henry L., 361. 592, 596. 596. 899, 1
Boblnson, Hosea J., 918.
Babtaean,J. H.,818,814.
Boblnson, James, 914.
Babtason, James M., 889, 497.
Bobtason, Jnmes T., 925.
Boblnson, Jos. C, 920.
Boblnson, Lafkyetto, 988.
BoblnsOB, Lewis, 922.
BoblBSOB, lUekmond,920.
Bobtason, Bobert, 909.
Boblson. James D., 902.
Baby, Georse W., 901.
Boekestor, George, 916w
BoekweU,A.P.,140,1081.
Boeloss, A., 69.
Bogers, A. P., Mrs.. 920.
Bofers, Daniel G., 981.
Bogem, H. B., 920.
Bogers, H.B.,Mrs..9S0.
Bogers, Jokn, 920.
Bogers, Mary 8., 920.
Bogers, Blekard B., 897.
Bogers, William P., 806.
Boland, Wllllnm 8., 806.
INDBX.
1098
I ■•,914.
B*lltat,i«ln,917.
■•lofl; TkMdon, 9B.
BtaoOy LoooBotlTe, 80.
B«H«lBf, LooomotiT*! SQL
B«M, Lmrla, •!>.
Bo«4,H«U7B.,92S.
1W.,8».
■ A.,898.
BMt,Jokm,80&
BMtt, L^cn ■•
Comtpondanoe, Lw G. lEMton, iXL
lUpMT, fiMTse B., 988, 1005.
]lMe,i«hBW.,888.
BuMorMU, Wllliaa 8.» 180^485,487,4
Beiibfiy, Gkarles, 984.
BM^A.i.,918.
BM^ABimrJ.,818.
BMi,IhllM,914.
■mmU,WI11Iab1I.,880l
>, Th«MML.t377,87&
mU,JwmA.,885.
B«nidt,JokM,808.
B«W, Aigulu, 8881
Itura, Alts., 881.
lmi«,J.F.»400.
B«7, Georg*, 980.
Bojwd, 811,916.
B«7M, H. A., 827, 888, 889, 849.
Boys, 2f. P., 990.
BomU«,H.I.,4S,97L
B«ek6r, B. H., LooomotlTe, 89.
BMkcr, Ihntol H.
CofrrMpoiid«uM,QiiarteriiiMlir-G«iMnl'sOAoe,
U. a A., 808, 888.
KentioBed, US, 808, 812, 814, 8U^ 848, 8S0k 888.
Bid(;€iuri«ir.,n8.
Bagw,F.H., 948,950.
BagMT, OMrgt^ 988.
Ragtr, ThOMM H.
GomtpondMMOt AOntaat • G«D«iml*s Ofltoe,
U.S. ▲.,98k 88, 188.
■■991m, Ctodrge ■., 861.
■idUa,lftelioUi,92T.
f D6zlw P», 984.
,8. B., 880, 881, 849.
I Hnrj, 928.
■aiUof, JUI61 P., 825-828, 880, 848, 849, 8801
BmmU, Dtttol (Mm*.), 920.
■■■Mil, BtBlcl (Bep.Beot.),918.
BiiMll,B4ward,009.
BMMll,J«hn,929.
Bifkerfbrd, GMrge V.
CorrMpoDdenee, Q. H. Q«ii.*8 Ofltoe, IT. S.
Mentioii«d, 245, 248. 828, 848, 860.
BathOTfbri, Joka P., 849.
Batterford, B. C, 849.
Batkerfted, WlUbui, 088.
Battttdge, Bobert B., 806.
ByaByJoka (Ohio), 928.
i(P^).«
Bf«i,Bleka«l,818.
S. 8. Port, Looonotl^ 80.
8aektt,D«loiJI.,l0li.
ftidter, BkMMMT P., 828.
8adlor,Wllliaa,1047.
Bagan, Prtar, 818.
Saga, Cleorge B., 980.
Saga, Orvia, 981.
Qnartaniaatar'a IH-
m.CTOtx,
M. Jaka, Itaaa ■., 700.
m.JaBaB,Bll,918.
8alatLaala,^a.
Oporations aapply dapot,
partaMBt,819,44S-460.
Ballikanr, Saaiaal T., 818.
Santa Waad, Steamer, 47&
Baloaoa, ■dward, 608.
8altvina,Ta.
AeUoD,Oot.8,1864,504.
flaada, Hatkaalal B., 990.
8«MBla,JokaB.,928.
t, C. ■., 851.
P. C, 981.
Ill, Bdward fl., 909.
1. C, 990.
Saakwa, Wllliaa e., 917.
8aBdan,WllliaaB.,994.
8aidbid,Joaapk,818.
Saidbfd, Idward T., 919.
Baada, Joka ■., 894.
8aatoPd,H.^as.
Bonie to Fort LeaTeawoHk, Kana^ 4tt-444.
8avgaBt,Aan«A.,885.
Bargaat, ■• W., 188.
Bargaat, Gkarlai ■., 900.
8avgaBt,JakB,920.
C.,909.
1, 917.
Sany, WaaklagtM, 918.
Baaportaa, Tkaddaaa ■., 994.
Baal, ■. ■., 971.
Baaadara, Gkarlai, 987.
Baaadara,BaBlal,990.
Saaadan, B. B., 925.
Baaadara, Haary, 980.
Baaadara, Tkoaaa ■., 888.
Baraga, Bobart, 815.
Ba?aaaak (Ga.) f aaipaiga. NoT.18.Dae.21,1884.
Operationa Qoarcenaaatar'a Dapartoient, 894*
405,411-418,421.
Reaiarka, Saaratary of Var, 501.
Sabalatenoe aiorea tranapoiied bj Qoartarmaa*
tar's Dapartmant, 482, 488.
BawtaUa, Aadraw, 920.
BawtaUa, Ckariaa CI.. 220, 254, 844, 880.
Bawyar, Alfred, 988.
Bawyar, Aadraw B., 918.
Bawyar, Ckariaa B., 888.
Bawyar, P. 0., 847.
Baxtoa, Bafba.
GorreapondeBce, ProToat • Xarakal • Oananl'a
Offloe,U.aA.,48w
MenUoned,860,600.
1094
INDEX.
OcurborMgk, Hrary J., US.
SfsrkoroM^t Jmutkaa, 917.
8elM«U, Ewuf A., 900.
8climek,W. L.,901.
8cklottor,HwtlH,928.
8clttiMt,€kartoi,928.
8ekH«U,H6Br]r,92».
SckoellfopT, Jacob, 9M.
8cliorai>g«r, JdMph A., 400.
8ck«fleld, G«Mnl, Locomotive, Ml.
ttekofloM, JohB ■., Sl« Ml 120, IM, 107. 198, 216, >!•.
aM. 227.281.801.344. 8». 890, 491. 482, 479L4n,
498. 496, 601.404. 606. 618. 684, 687. 941, 964, 987.
1086.
flekrifor, BdBOid, 1048.
Sekriron, WIUlui H., 98&
Sckunuffor, Baporty 928.
8ckwalbo,8laoB,931.
8eott,AddlMBL.,896.
Soott, Aloxudor, 919.
Scott, Chwlei F., 900.
Scott, BUek, 919.
Scott, Goorgo S.
Oomopondenoo, PnmMt-lConlud-Qonraal's
OiBoo.U.S.A..712.
Mentioned, 112. 608, 718, 764.
Scott, JttMi, 990.
Scott, John (ICmo.). 020.
Scott, Jota(K.H.), 914.
Scott, Jokm(P».). 890.
Scott, Jota, Jr., 998.
Scott, Johm €., 819, 8a 90&
Scort, LoooiDottTO.84,642.
ScoTcl, Jmmi ■•, 807.
ScoYll,ThOMi,984.
Senwton, Jaao, 926.
Soannd,Jolu,088.
Sean, Theo. C, 909.
SeotOB, John, 927.
Scowell, WMhlBgftOB, 890.
Socrotary, LooomotiTe, 84, 80. 642.
Goneapondenoe. See War Depmrtmtnt, O. S.
Mentioned. 7U.
Sedgwick, Jokn, 4a 499.
See, Gkarlea H., 907.
SeeaaB,Biidl,907.
Self, Jokn, 928.
SelM,Ba|«ondS.,899i
Soidea,HaRlMm,917.
Solden, HoBiT K., 984.
SeUen,GaroUae,916.
Senator, LocomotiTO. 80.
Seater, Cloorgo B., 988.
SeatlBel, LooomotiTo, 80.
Sergeant, CalTla J., 918.
Sorrlt, JaaMi M., 896.
SewaU, Frederick 0.,888.
Seward, WIUlaH H.
Correepondenoe. See MaU Dtpmrtrntnt, U, 8.
Mentioned, 14, 89. 108. 104, 107.161,606.580.663,
1007. 1009, 1012.
Soyaonr, Horatio, 886.
Skafer, Patrick, 084.
r, lloar7P.,927.
Skaftr.Jokn B.,928.
8kaibr,JoakaaH.,806.
Skafll»r,WilllaM,928.
SkaUenbergor, «.!., ST, 381, 844, 848. 86L
8kank,HalkartB.,806.
A.J.,W»-
Jokn H., 987.
Skarkey, WUUaM L.
MontkBed,88.
ProTiaional GoTomor of Mleaiaelppi, 88L
Skarpe,Wfl]laaiJ.,918.
8kaw,B.T., 77,881.
Skaw, F* F*, 828.
918.
Skaw, H.L.^Miaa, 928.
Skaw, Uarj L., Mra., 9801
Skaw, 8. e., 909.
Skaw, WlUlaai F., 928.
Skea, Jokn, 828.
SkeAold, Warren P., 888.
Skeldon,Ii.F., 8*8,874.
SkoUy, Patrick, 828.
SkolBMrdlne,B.C.,826.
Skelaiordlna,B.Q.,8S8-
Skenandoak Tailey. Oporatiana. 1886 I88fc.
Oporationa Qnarlerauwter'e Depi.. 688 8SB.
Bomarko, Seeretary of War, 608.
Skepkerd, Lann W», 464.
8keppaH,Jaook, 818.
,WU8on,8B8.
Wllliai^87&.
MMMnOttTO, 80.
8Sl.
SkerMan, PklUp H.
OorreapoadiiBoa> AAjiL Qen.'a OAoob U. & A^ 98.
Mentioned, 68, 70. 77, 78, 116, 137, 184, 188, 181, 193,
186, 211, 288, 221, 267,844, 888, 884> 86ft, 41, 6S».
468.488,600,604,807.618,617,682,888,978,108^
1046.
Skerloy, 2. H., 887.
I, W1lllaBi,819.
WllllaMT.
Correepondenoe, A&jL Qon.'aOflico, XT. & ▲., S8L
Mentkmed. 24, 28. 28-82, a 5<. 88. 81, 68, 74, 86-«7,
88, 136, 186, 160, 168-166, 164-lf7. 183, 186,187,
188,218-119,226-887,280,281,284,237.348,881,
287.288,908,297,286,808-806,818.844,874,880.
881, 884, 888, 887, 406^ 408, 419, 422, 428, 418, 4a.
468, 479. 480, 488, 486, 486. 488, 500-604, 506. 86T.
618.616^517,684,986,638,588,684,686,667,688.
881, 598, 985, 834, 044, 960-968. 966, 983-88^ 818,
887-980, 894, 1000^1008, 1046.
SkleMf, Leonard, 984.
8klnkle,laot,997.
Sklnkle, Bradford, 9».
Sklpley, Alexander If., 846. 847. 868.
SklpMn, WlUlaa H., 110.897.884.
Skoek, Saanei, 826.
Skoonaaker, Gkorrick, Mrs.. 886.
Skryock, K. G.,808.
Sknaan, Jackaoa, 888.
Sknawar, BUal, 921.
j Bknawar, WUIIaa P., 98L
I Skank, iriUla]B,80L
INDEX.
1096
Sksrij, K. B. P., 81«.
8iek, CeBTsleiMBt, aad Wou4ei (toMlcn*
EzMoiiiAtioB, el6., by mlUtuy boud, 647. 648.
Sickle^ Dulel B., 618, 1036, 1048.
SIcklei, etaenl, LoeomotiT«, 80.
MdeU, Winiui H.
CorretpondtDoe, ProTost-ltenhal-OMwnl's
Offle6,T7.aA.,13,48w
Mentioned, 888.
ttftrd, John T., 088.
WffeljFrau, 498,488.
Slful Corpi, U. 11. A.
Bounty, 96.
DetAohmento in field. Not. 1, 1884, 188.
Bmploy4a, etc., office of Bignnl Oifioer. 164.
Bxpendltores, 164.
In aenrlce Oct 20, 1886. IM.
Hneter oat end diecharge, 164.
Opemtione, 1885 and 1886, 168-168^ 681, 1048.
Pennanent organiwtlon, 168.
Special aervioea, 164-108.
Sill, Wniiaia JaaM8, 886.
SlUbee, Benjamin H., 880.
SUabee, FraneU B., 090.
MiTey, WlUiaai.
Gozreapondence, AdJt Gen.'a Ofliee, XT. 8. ▲., 88.
Mentioned, 111, 888.
SImou, Bndfbrd T.» 806.
SlMBOBiy fleniy, 818.
8tBUBOBa,Jaek«922.
ttamnuy Bllton W., 981.
8laa«ne,Babert,082.
Sluone, 8., 804.
Slmondiy Jeka, C. S. Transport, 478.
Slaona, Sandy, 816.
», Saarael C, 578.
»,Wmia]B(Maa8.),916.
^,jm, WnUaa (N. H.), 914.
Sfani, John, 988.
BtMilaIr, Fndeilck, 988.
BlBf^tea, Adas, 918.
8ln]La,Tlfln,900.
SlBa«ft,JaknA.^902.
Bkeela, flanifon Clay, 980.
Sketekei, Bapa, etc.
Bngineerlng operationa, 184, 188, 198, 188, 196.
BaUroada operated daring tbe war, 1006.
Skinner, B., 901.
aiade, Avery P., 921.
8lade,JoBatbaa,8d,920.
81ade,iriUiainL.,920.
Slater, Peter, 914.
SlaTes. S^Negroes.
SlawMB, HewtoB, 984.
Slocai, fleaiy W.
Oorreapondence, AdJt Oen.'e Office, XT. S. A., I
Mentioned. 135. 187. 844, 428, 429, 506, 524, 952.
SauU, Albert, 913.
Staedberg, WUllaai B., 787.
Staedt, JaMoa, 929.
Sneed, B. C, 80, 37. 988, 971, 993, 99a
818.
8Klth,AbnbaM,818.
SKltk, Albert, 914.
SKltb, Andrew J. , 88, 187, 188, 818. Sil. 481, 448, 488,
608,803,606.608.
8iiUth,Be^|aMln,8l4.
8adtb,Bndfbrd9 880.
8ndtk,C. E.,848,861.
8iBltk,GalfiBT.,881.
SBltk, Cbarlet, 898.
SMltb,BeWlttS.,891.
Smlfb, B. Blrby, 4H 488, 604. 607. 681
Sndfb, Biwaid B., Mia., 986.
8Bltk,FanibaaB.,880.
8altb,FnaelBj.,886.
Smith, Frank, 990.
Smith, Fredeilek (Md.). 888.
Smith, Fiederiek (K. H.), 814.
Smith, CI. A., 881.
Smith, George, 888.
Smith, Gerard, 898.
Smith, fl.B., 848, 86L
Smith, flenry, 898L
Smith, J. A., 188.
SBdth,Jamei(in.),990.
SaUth, Jaami (Maaa.), 817.
Smith, Jamei, Pro. Mar. (U.), 848, 800.
8Bdth,JaBMiA.,000.
Smith, Jerry, 088.
Smith, John (88th Pa.), 886.
Smith, John (Bep. Beet., 8d Diat Maaa.), 81&
Smith, John (Bep. Beet., 4th Diet Maaa.), 817.
Smith, John (Bep. Beet, 4th Dial Maia.), 990.
Sadth, John (Bep. Beet., 7th Diet. Maaa.), 017.
Smith, John Gregory.
Comapondenoe. See FMWionC, Oovemor V>
Mentioned, 841. 644.
Smith, John L., 821.
Smith, John W., 904.
Smith, Joalah H., 99&
SaUth, Lealie.
Oorreepondenoe, ProToat • Marahal • (Senend'a
Office, XT. a A., 48.
SaUth, HartiB L., 990.
Smith, MelTinH., 984.
Smith, Morgan P., 998.
Sadth. Beaben fl., 886,998.
Smith, Bobert, 921.
Smith, St. John, 818.
Smith, ThOBMS, 816.
Smitt, ThoBua L., 171
Smith, WUUam, Goremor.lA
Smith, WlUlam (Maaa.). 811
Smith, William (Ohio), 021
Sadth, William D., 901
Smith, WlUlam F., 188,466,461
Smitt, William fl. (Maaa.). 911
Smith, WiUiam fl. (Ohio), 991
Smitt, William B., 907.
Sadth, Williams., 903.
Smitt*JaekMn,642.
Smoeker, Solomon, Jr., 921
Smyth, Bebert, 981.
Snow, Be^laminB., 891
Snow, Shirley B., 924.
Snjder, Solomon K., 991
1096
IHDEX.
8ra4«r, Jaeob F., 9SB.
8o«th, DepftrteMt •f the.
MlUtery talagmpb apmnlOmtu, 87B-S7S.
Signal openttoBs, 16t.
8««ttGu«llwu
InsnrreetloD in, daelared gappfm&L 1OO0L
MiUtJa orgnniiatlon, 1801, ON.
Operation* In. Bee Oampmlpn of tk4 OtnHumM,
Jan. l^Apr,SS, 1966.
Peny, B. P., Provteionel Qereraor, 88.
BeorKanigetionofooD»UtatloDAlfOTenuneiit,80.
Senlh Gwtltan, l^leteat ami InipeeterOenetnl ef.
Comepondenee, M. L. BonhiM, 888i
Soath Gerellnaa CI«feraor of.
Ooneepondenee, War DepeitoMnl. C. B.. 081.
Soath CnoHna Troopi (U.).
Influitr7-.J2i9iiiMiKt: let* <CMm«0, 000.
8entker,Kiwari,880.
8Mtker,J.,M*
8oirtliwortk,J«la,8l4.
ir,811.
',478.
8ieldlii«,Alft«d,800.
gpftMtaff, Mwv« P.y 814.
8iel«iBg,BirfkiP.,0S&
Bparka, Tkraua, 885.
8psto« Dempeoy, 828.
ff, Fruklln, 884.
» H. P., 80.
r,Iis,170»18L
Bpeaifn, Airfraw, 818.
BpMW, CI«B., 880.
Oorreepoadenoe. Bee AUif, 0Mi»'t OJIee, U. 8,
MentioBed, 14, 88, 88, 148.
Speed, Jeehnn F., 887.
or, CI. J., 87L
»a.F.,44.
v,BltA.»881.
ir« Jekn W., 880.
r, W. T.,Mn.,880.
SwtaMTv FlMda E., 810. til, 480,488^ 491. 4T8. €88.
BpOMkle,Weni,810.
Spooner, iekn A., 808.
flpooner, WllUaM B., 820.
BpoeMr, WllIleM B., Mn., 880.
Bpndlejr, Pleeauit, 815.
8pndle7,RaBdaU,821.
Sprefee, Be^|eMln, 818.
ir,818.
I B., 818.
B^eler, iota B., 814.
8tacfcpol*,B.BM8S8.
MiCer,lBMB.
Oomepondenoe:
Olowry, B. C, 808.
Ollmore,J.B.,87S.
QoertemMter-Oeneral's OOee, U. & A., 858.
Kentkfned, 885. 230, 848, 801. 808, 888» 878, 875.
BtMirfbid,B. B.,887.
,TWB,827.
Stealer, David S., 40. 483. 501.00S« 807. lOOBw
Btaulftr,8.,801
SiHitOB, B. ■., LoooBBOtlve, 80l
Stwtew, Bdwia H.
Comepondenee. Bee Wer JDcpflrCeMiit, U. S.
XMitioned. 1^5. 11-10, 23. 25-28, 37« 41, 4S. 44.48^
61, 58^7, «, 01. 08. 05. 8^-80,08. 101. 101107-
108. 125.118, 150, 108, 21L 230. 240, 288. 8U.»4.
818, 828. 888. 837. 338. 350. 358. 382. 451, 458. dC^
488, 484. 4«7. 514, 527, 544, 540, 547. 550. 577. S7».
561, 006, 007. 010. 012. 020. 036, 042, 047. 061, 087>
050, 001, 003, on. 081-d83, 758. 780. 791, 712. 7Mv
808, 821, 843, 844, 064. 808. 1000, 1008, 1012, 1015
1080,1048.
Secratasyof War.581.
Stanten,J.O.,780,0l0.
Stanton, Jabet, 021.
Stanwood, BIck, 880.
StapleB,iekn8.,020.
Staplee,Bokerte.,848.
Starkweather, F. T., 84.88,300.
Staillnf,WilIlaM,91].
State BepartMnt, U.S.
▲mneetj oatha, 87.
Oorreepondenoe, XT. 8. Grant, 480.
Orden, ClroDlara, eeriee 1805: Bay tS, 17.
Beport to, of aetnai elrmgth of Army Kor. 10^
1806,488,480.
Steele, JaaMO, mi.
Steane,BaBlel,8SL
Steame, Geetve L., 180, IS, OIL
Steame, flenry, 821.
Steani,H.B.,Mr*.,821.
Steana,H.F.,Mre.,82L
Steane, Marj B., 88L
Stekbtaie,JoknB^821.
SteMlne, BIcbaH, 807.
Stedman, Ghariea J., 828.
Stednan, George F., 926.
Steedaan, Amob B., 106, 820. 508, 618.
Steel, Arek7, 982.
Steele, Denaleea, 9S6.
Steele, Frederiek, 487, 406. 500. 513, 1000. 1O40L
Steele, Oeerge K., 803.
Steele, Saaeen, 821.
Stelgaer, Bedelpb de, Jr., 808.
Stelaer,JehnJ.,«»l.
Stepbene, Alexeader fl., 486.
Stepheneen, wnUaa, 886.
Sterner, Fraaklin B., 887.
Steteen, Geatge, 818.
Steteen,Iealab,81S.
SteTena, Geerge C, 985.
SteTene,JaMee.,824.
8tovene,Jdeepb,780.
Stovena, Jeeepb W., 822.
Stevene,Blebard,816.
Stevene, Bkbari W., 80.
Stevene, Tbaddeee, Jr., 886.
Stevene, TboaNw B., 880.
Stevene, W. J.
Correapondenee, D. C. HcCanom, 84.
Mentioned. 300, 508, 008. 1006.
Stevenion, Jokn B., 887.
Stewart, Cbarlee S., 104. 100.
* Subeeqnently deelgnated 33d U. & C. T.
INPEX,
1097
Stowui«Jac«kH.,W7.
SUinurt,JuMtL.,8M.
8tewsH,JoMf]lB.,0M.
8t0wart,B.B.,4S3.
Stewwt, TkoMt B., 924.
StewtfU WUllw l>n 780.
StiekBej, Aaoii.
ComtpondeBoe. BagioMr Depi., 17. & A., 100.
HttaUoiMd, 166. 1«7. 100. 20O.
Mftmtire ooUated from nport, 100, 200.
8ti«9rt,J.8.«807.
8Ubmb» Duilel, 340. 351.
8Ubmb,JmimB.,910.
8tod4«i4,Ch«rUs,021.
BtoddMd, WIlllMi, 818.814.
SlolWi,E4waH,013.
8tokM,H«ir7,018.
8t«k6i, J. H., 887.
Btok«s,WU]l«ii,08L
BteBe,Alft«dP.,088.
StoMy Asm* 020.
8t«M, B«^JaMlB B., OOO.
StOM, DftTld, 015.
StOM, Hmnr« 754.
StOM, Loarea, 024.
8tOM, OrtTMi, Hn..080.
8t0M, Hunel T., 80S.
8tOB«, WillUa H., 684, 640.
BtoMBaa, Oearfv, 372, 484. 407, 604, 512.
Btanamui, Patar, 023.
Stoaaivall Jaakion, Looomotiva, 86, 642.
Starra, B. P., 020.
8tom, Baaaal J., 802.
Stowa, Ghariat, 018.
8tawa, WUllaa, 021.
Btndar, P. W., 928.
yPfaaklUyOlO.
'kaauw P.* 028.
8tnaf.EiwaHJ.
Oorreapoiide]ica.Qiiart«nnatter-Oaneral'a Offloa,
U.&A..460.460.
HeDiioned, 840. 361. 881. 388, 463.
8tntkar,Albart,08l.
8tittw,BsaklalA.,014.
8ti«at«r, Jaiaph H., 802.
Stiateli, Jieok 8., 807.
Strif k, Fraderiek, 020.
BtrickUwd, LaaoB, 010.
Btrieklaad, Baadolpk, 006.
StrOBfyC. K. Wm014.
BtroBf , Edward A., 020.
Stratker, DaTid fi., 496.
Straat, Jaaeii A., 013.
Stikkinii, Georya 8., 000.
Stabki, Joi. B., 840.
StakkR, Watlej, 020.
8t«lx, Fiaderiek, 028.
8t«rfi«9 SaMaal D., 504.
SUrteraal, C. C, 004.
8taU, Fradarick, 025.
Babiilitaaca Dapartaaat, U. 8. A.
Clalma nodar Act of July 4. 1864, nolt p. 352.
Corretpondanoa. War Departnient, XJ. S., 145.
Diabandmeut of the Army, 22.
aakalatOMa BapartMBt, U. 8. A.-43on«lniiad.
BaloB, A. B., Com. Gaa. of SabaUtoBca, 581.
OfBoara,l48.
OparaUoBO, 1866 aad 1866, i45-:^48, 521, 522, 1080.
BakatitBtai.
DnIladmaB. 680-682.
Hadleal azamUiaiioBs. 600, 870. 758-780.
Kagro0a,688.633.
Saggaationa. SaroUBiont Branch ProToat-Kar
ahalOaBwal'a Borean, 724. 725.
BBDlTaa, Qearga 8., 013.
8«lllTaa, JokB U, jr.« 802.
8BlUfaa, WIIllaBi,016.
Bally, Alf^«d, 440.
8Bltaaa,8taamar.8.
BawBar, Wllllaa, 028.
BaauBan, HoMa. 848. 800.
8aBitar,C.S.S..478.
BapariataBdaato Vattoaal Caaatariaf.
Bamarka, X. D. Townaand, 130, 131.
Bargaaa-fiaBaral, C. 8. A.
SacoBd Battalion. Yetaran Baaarre Corps. 650.
SavgaoB-tiaBaralU Ollca, U. 8. A.
CorrMpondanoa. War Departmant, U. S.. 140.
BaifaoBa Boardi of EarallaiaBt.
Liat of. appolBtad. ate.. 801-011 .
Beport of K. B. Jonao. 12th IHit. Ohio, 867-881.
8«R«Bdar of GoBfMerate Armiat,
Bamarka. X. M. Stanton. 60T.
BattOB, Gaarga L., 648.
Swaa, C. L., 021.
8waB,DaBiel,021.
8waB,Jaaopk,021.
Swaal, Oaorfa, 030.
BwaatMr, Gaorfo B., 021.
8wlfUCkarlaiW.,022.
Bwlft, BkaBasar, 140.
BwlBtaa, iatapk, 017.
BwltBlar, WlllUuB F., 008.
CorreapoBdenoe, Q. H. Geo.'a OAoa, U. S.A., 486.
Maatlooad. 218. 882, 350. 451.
TBbar, Haary, 021.
Ta«gard, F.W.. 140. 1081.
Tfeggart, Charlai J., 081.
Talbot, J. B., 013.
TBlkatt,8uifbid,987.
TBleatt, BjlTetter, 980.
Taleott, Walt» 980.
TallBiaB, Gaorye J., 900.
Tallmaa, Jarama B., 028.
Taliaadga, A. A., 083.
Talmaga, Heaiy, 081.
Taaay, Bogar B., 768.
TappaBt Ckarlas, 021.
Tappaa, Joka, 021.
TappiB,8aBiaal,988.
Tarboroagk, Looomotiva, 85i
Tardy, JokB A., 183. 169.
Tarr, Ellsabatb H^, 926.
Tate, Bobert, 928.
Tataai, WllUam P., 924.
Taaislf , William, 907.
Tayler, B. W., 683.
Taylor, Baylor, 030.
Tajlar, Cbariaa, 086.
1098
IKDBX.
Tfeylor,
I.B.,ttl.
l4wafi(MMs.),m.
Mwui (B^ Beotn td Dial. XaM.). MSw
Qcorgtf IBC
Tiflor,
Tttflmr,
Taylor,
tMl,T.
Hearj B.« Ml
Hnitm I*., 90*.
J«haB.,9ML
J«ha Ii., m.
BkhMPi, 197. BM. 607, Stt.
W* v*f 908.
Wlllbui !..,».
WillbuiM.,007.
XxpendltuwdiiriBKlWiMid ia6B.S8e.MMa,
86A, 170, 171, 878, 67B, 878, 879, 581.
Llaot te openftioii Job* 80, 1866. 888. 880.868. 865,
888-878,874,878,581.
Opwatlou, 1884 ud 1865. of nffltMy. 885, 888,
888-879^881.
taipto,i.B. ^
OorrMpondeDoe, Abrmluun LIbooIb, 881.
;,10A5,10I8.
lOilOOtf.
Awaido to bwBon of oIaym
InoarraolioB ia, doelond
OporatloBoia. Boo—
iiflte,ifof.4-i7, 1S64.
OpmrmHmu <«, Am0. 99-StpL 4, JAM.
JVwwWfii. Bolllt, JTof . JO, 28IM.
JTaakoOb. BoMb, JDfe. 25-10, xaM.
Bollwdo OBd oqiidpaiOBto, 890. 991.
BoooBotroetioD of Stoto gawtatamtnt, 506, 500.
TtaMMM, ftoportMot of.
BaUroodo and oqnlpoMoto, 68,84.
TiBiBOiiii flofonor of.
OotioapoiidoBoo, A1n«bam LIbooIb, 886^
Boaponao to caU Ibr mllttia, 880.
1taMaaao» HlUteiy Mvlaloo of tko.
Ballnoda and oqnipnonta, 89-101. 468-476.
TiMBOBOBi Troopa (U.).
lahatrj-'JUgimniti: 4th, 86; 8th, 88.
TMinMfor, AMrod, 914.
Totrim Cteflaa L.» 9B.
Twnjf AlfifodH.
OoHoapoadoBoo, A^wtawt • Qonofal'a (MBoe,
U.aAn9^9M08.
MoBtkHiad, 88, 180, 188, 188. 180, 180, 887, 488, 486,
479,488,006^518,1081
Tmrrff '•h, LoooaMttro. 85, 5<8.
HaatfltoB, A. J., ProriaiflBal Ooronor, 89.
iBOttmotloB la, doeland anppraaaod. 1011.
Ofltoan ooBiBilaaloBod to loglfliOBta ia. 56.
BonrgaahatloB of eonotitatloBal fOT«niniOBt.S9.
flfeachor, Jooaph A., 907.
fkaekatOB, AlosaBdar, 919.
Thayor, J. 0.« 88L
,981.
ABgBat,910.
Thloa,ABrBataa,990.
»BV,8BpflfC.,98L
TholH^WIlliaB^809.
A. L., 887,844.
HoBMa, OBrioa, A. Q. M. (U.h n% 808. 880.
TkoBMM, Ghailoa (l£aaa.),018.
TkoBMMyChailoaW., A.Q.M. (IT.). 8801. 818, 880.
Ghailoa W.y Smg., 881.
l>aBlol«.,887.
OotioapoadaBoo,VarDopBHBiOBt,tr. &, 881^ 887.
Mantlonad, 88, 88, 4447, 88, 108, lis, 184-168^ 188-
188, 814,818,818.884,911,897,844,468,480484,
468,471,485,486,488,501.504.507,518,888.668,
878,878,884,888,818, 851, 868,868, 887, 88!(
868,1018.1085^1041
thoBna,JohB,884.
v.f aao, ^^v.
A4^ltBBt•Qallanl, U. a A., 56L
OoHoapoadoBoo, War DopartmaBt, U. 8^ 118.
MoBttoBod. 1,8,5, 18. 18, 19,21.88. 88.f7,44»48L80,
88.87,58,80,00,88.86,188, UO, 884. tW. 8H^
487,818^814,519,581 545,547,548, 561,888.880^
581,808,840,648,847.860.881.071881 887.780;
780, 798^ 787, TBI 799. 798, 801 1018-1014. 1041
Ordara, aaciaa 1865: no. 8, 1
Baaalta.oiiaBiiaftloB of oolorod traopa. X18-18L
,817.
,Wllllaa,881
iW.,811
,Alfkod,811
B,Ghariaa,881
9I8L
I, 'I
i,H.J«C,58S.
I, Biehaid W., 801
8k BoBtOB, 881
817.
fhoBaaB,Wi]ltaaiH.,88l
thoTBdlho, Jaaaa P., 88L
thondiko, 8. C P., 881
ThoraaaB, If. &, 881
Thorp, Lowta» 881.
Thorp, Waltar, 88L
Thrao Hoathi* Pay Pnpor.
Ottoon of ToLoBtaan, 51
Thvrhor, ThooMO P. 8. , 014.
Tloa, B. 8., 981
TlorB07« 8aMBal, 981
TI80I, LoooaMttva^ 81
TlffhOvJ.H.,848L
(OolocodBofindt),887.
H., 801
G.,88L
ldwaHJ.,M».
TIplOB, Joha, 888.
TIptOB, IiOfOBiO Q., 881
nteoMh, Wmiaai W., 881881.
Tohlaa, Edward 8., 881
INDEX.
1099
To4,DftTM,606.
Toliei, C. W., 8S7, 844, 848, 468.
TomUbsob, jMiei ■., M8.
ToMiiBMBf iof. ii., no.
TmpklBl, ClMTlM H., 258. 844, 847, 860. 887, 883. 488.
T»M^lBi, PMb. B., 76,961.
Tofllff,«. C, 934.
Topper, JoMpk F., 984.
Torb«rl,Alft«4T.A.,466.
Toiudo, LooomottT^ 86^ 548.
Tow«r, ChwIeMagM, 898.
Tower, L. L.,9n.
Tower, Zeftloie B.
GorreepondeDoe, Engtaeer Dopt., U. & A., 196.
MeDUoDed,166.196.
KamttTO oollttted tnm report, 196-198.
TowBioadt Bufllle L., 806.
TowBiOBd, Edward D.
Comepoadenoe. Seeil4h<ten(-0«fMrarf OJIee,
U.B.A.
la charge A^Jt. Oea.'s Offloe, IT. S. A., 681.
MeaUooed.681.
Towaeead, Fredeiick, 888.
Towaioad, Heary €., 986.
Towaeead, Joaathaa, 987.
TvM7, Qeorge C, 918.
Traqr, Joka L., 990.
Trade aad latercoaree.
PnolaiaatioB of the President 106-106.
BemoTal of reetrietlone, 48, 49.
TMa>8e»iel,98L
Tralaor, Philip, 938.
TiiBiportattoa of the Amy.
Aooonnta for rail, river, aad etaKe treneporta-
tloa,894.
BUla of lading, reqoisitioae, etc., 1^18, 894.
Blank transportation oiden, 294. ^
IMepersion of anniee ooaoeatrete^ at Waehlag-
Um, 281-338, 801-806.
Meane at poeta, 13&
Ofloera oomniasioaed to regimenU in Tezaa, 55.
Bemarka:
Paraoaa. L. B., 298-396.
Qnartermaatei^OeoeraU V. S. A., 22fr.285, 848-
846.
Wlae,O.D.. 287-291.
Selection of aafe traaaporto et^oined. 3.
Statementa:
Auonnta paid for, 848.
Glalme received and a4)ndleated, 280. 281, 248.
888.
Kamlnga of Toaeela, 340.
Forage ahlpped to anniee on the Jamee, winter
1864-65, 8ia
Rallroada, 280. 881, 283-296.
Sammary of. ftimlahed, 841, 842.
Transportation over the plaine, 248-245. 811.
Yeeeela owned, chartered, or employed, 228-
280,291-298.206,840.
Wagons, ambnlances, carts, bamees, etc., 842,
338,888.
See also Jtearoodt.
Traatmui, C. T., 780.
Treasary BepartMoai, U. 8.
Transfer of abandoned landa, eto., to Bareaa
B.,F.,ftA.L..51.
Tteat, Seyaonr B., 818.
Tradway , J. B.« 849, 86L
TreaVath, Joha, 86. 93, 47S, 088.
Treat, Alfifad, 918.
Trihiey, Chrtitopher C, 881.
Ti«th,LydlaA.,994.
Trotty, Hlehael, 8M.
Treap, FordC, 826.
Treap, Joha L., 917.
Trowbridge, Joha 8., 896.
Trowbridge, Thaaiaa, 981.
Trowbridge, W. B», 888.
Troy, H • T.
Biota. Jnly, 1888, 626.
TraMbaU,J.L.,28flL
Tnaaell,F.B.,909.
Tryoa, fl^lfetter, 908.
Taeher, A. H., 849.
Tackeraaa, Bobert, 98L
TafU, AaMa, 921.
Tarkey,DeBal8T.,nL
Tarabidl, Charlea H., 178, 188.
Tamer, Be^|aala, 901.
Taraer, Edward, 921.
Tanier,JehaW.,]84.
Taraer, lAwreaee, 916.
Taraer, Levi C, 798, 788.
Taraer, Stephea, 916.
Taraley, P. T.,887.
Tarple, JsMoa J*, 928.
Tattie,LyMafl.,922.
Tattle, W.W., 92.
Tattler, Leroy, 926.
Tweed,A. B. B.,928.
TwMddale, WllUaa, 200.
Tweedy, 4tm— F., 921.
Tweedy, Joha ■•, Jr., 98L
Tyler, C B., 844.
Tyler, BobortO., 860.
^frell, Cloorge B«, 8B6l
Tyroa,IIoaia»914.
UodeiUU,B.,93a
UaderUn,Jaae,980.
UaifbiMS.
Yeteran Reeerre Corpe, 548l
Ualoa, LooomotlTe, 84, 80, 548.
Ualted Stotoi, U. 8. Frigate, 680.
Ualted States Colored Treope.
Mentioned:
Arttllery, Hoary— JEiyiaMnto: 4th» 18; 18Ch,
156: 18th, 167; Itth, 18,157,158; 14th, 678.
Artillery, LIght-Biyimsiilt.- Sd (JBalfsn««>,
G, B, F, 1, 67&
OaTaliy— AiyfnMnCt; 8d,678; ftth, 123 ; eth, 18.
Infhntry-iZi^iiMiiCff; 1st, 661; td, Sd, Sth,
156; nth, V78; Itth, ISth, 578.948; tlet,
578; ttd, tSd, t4th, tSth, tSth, ISth, I56|
SMh, 678; Sist, 158; SSd, 978, 660; SSth,
578; 4Sth, 41st, 4id, 4Sd, 44th, 158; 4Sth,
660, 47th, 4Sth, 55th, Slst, SSd, 578; 7Sd,
18i7Sd,158,660: 74th, 158; 76th, 578; 77th,
168; 7Sth,578; 78th, 660; Sid, 978; 8Sd,678i
8Sth, 158; 88th, 973; lOOU, l64th, 578|
ISSth, 158; 118th, ISOCh, ISIat, 13; ISSd,
li4th, 167, 168; liSth, 1047; li7th, 168t
ISSth, 197. 156; ISSth, 578, lS7th, 820, 67S|
lSSth,678.
1100
INDBX.
UBitod State! Colond TrMr«-OoD«lDu«d.
OAoon,66L
Operatlou BnrMu of Colored Troopi, A^-
tant-OeaonU'i Ofloe, 132, m-140.
OrgBDiMtioD. oqalpment. ete., llft-lS4, 600-M2.
Pfty allowBDOM, etc.. 667-480.
RMraltiBg,8.13,48.
BaeraitlBg for, diteoatiniied, t.
Kamarks:
rr7,J.B..<54.fl62.
Secretary of Wer, 518.
Beaolto of operBtioae organlslBg ia the Mieele-
■ippl Valley, 11S.124.
Stotietloe, etc.. eaeBBltiee, dlaehBrgae, eta., 1018,
1030,1047.
VBlted StatM BefBtan.
ArUllery, Light-JTiyinMnlf : lit, fd, Id, 138.
188; td {BatUrie$),Cy B, 138; 4th, 188. 138;
5th, 128, 138,138; 5th (B«<tar<M), F, 6, 130.
CmwwJTj- JUgim^Htt: Itt, 130, 133.442: id, td,
130. 133 ; 4th, 120. 138, 830 : 5th, tth, 130, 138.
BogtBeere-BaffBlfont: HeBdelPi, 18L
iBfhBtry-Jtiyimmte.- lit, 120. 138; td, td, ISO.
133; 4th, 120, 133; tth, tth, Tth, 8tt,tth,
10th, IKh, Itth, Itth, 180,138; 14th, 180,
188, 157.617; 15th, Itth, 180,183; 17th, 130,
133.832: Itth, Itth, 130, 138.
UBlted States feterBB Beierre Corpe-
iBlkntry-BBMoUofM: 1^,608.607.081,817; let
{OompanUih lltth, 817; id, 508, 667. 681,
817; id (OtoMgNNtlw). It7th, 817.
JnlkaUj-Btgifiumit,' let, 563,600; id, 560; td,
661; 4th,661,817; tth, 661 ; tth, Tth, 563. 661 ;
tth, 661, 668, 817; tth, 653, 562; Itth, 553.
662; 11th, 5t2,6tA»817i lith,662; Itth, 662,
668; 14th, 663.663; 15th,863,817{ Itth, 563.
664; 17th, 664; Itth, 668-556.664; Itth, 658.
664; 1101,664,666; ilet, iid,668; itdi566.
817;i4th,563,566.
UBlted StBtoi TolBBteen.
BngiBeere-^BilpiiiMiKf; Itt Tetonw, 687.
Influitry— JtiyiaMiift: let, id, td, 4th, tth,
tth, 68.
UBtBikoflter, Alheit, 086.
17phaa^ Qeerge B., 804.
Uphaai, Jbbmb ■., 021.
IIphBMr,Wllllaa,023.
UftM, SBMBei, 801.
Urieh,wnilaBi,0S7.
Veher,HathBBle1,803.
Tbb iJetiBe, Geerte W., 024.
Taa Aredale, AUea A., 806.
Tbb BokkeleB, Jeeeh L., 010.
Tbb BartB, Brert, 080.
Tbb Gaap, Esn fi., 081.
TBBce, ZehBloB B., 686.
TBBderiHMBt, Cepid, 017.
TBBderpool, S. Oekiej, 885.
Tbb Dbimb, A. E., 804.
Tbb DBser, JohB C, 380, 081, 802, 372, 878.
Tbb Byeh, H. B., 434. 436. 438, 448. 460. 466. 472.
TbbBtbb, J. B., 80.37,08,063.071,003.006.
fBBfUder, JBBiee W., 023.
TBBkieek, JohB B., 804.
Tbb Nees, WllUaa W., 848, 387. 430, 441.
TBBOid,AfldBli,083.
TBBHBt, AaetlB L., 024.
Taa tickler, B.H.,8B.
TBBTllet,L.li.,84t.
Taa Tllet, Stewart.
Oorraepondeiioe, Q. M. OeB.'eOaeB,Tr. a A^ 48t.
MeatieBed. 210, 386. 812, 846^ SSQ. 480-441, 461, 41*.
Tailek, JaaMe P., 088.
TannnB,A.0.,t21.
TBnBa,BBidel,021.
TaaihB,JehBC.,604.
Tedder, AlexBader H., 086.
Teetar,JehBB.,t07.
TenBBBt.
Bepreeeatatlve reoniiU end priaelpBlB. 014,881.
State boBBty, 740. 741.
TenBBBt, Ctefener ef.
AAtBtant^eiienl'e OIBee,D.8JL.it.41,41.64.
LiaeolB, Ahraham, 041, 044, ttL
TerflMBtTreepe.
lateBtry— J2«yfaMnte: tth, 078.
TeteiBB Beeerre Corpe.
iBdependeat oonpaay orgaaiaetlone, 808.
iBTBlid oorpe eo deelffaated, 661
Moater oat aad dieeharge. 180.
OflteerB,685,660,661.
OrgBBlaatloii, eqalpBMBt. ete.. 64>.607, tlt-tOI.
FatteBte ia beepttal, 4, 2&
B«mBrka,J.B.Fr7,4t8.
Beealto of experieaoe la orgawtiattea. 560^ BOOL
Bight of evtain BMB te dieeharge, 55, 360.
Serrleee, gaard and teld duty, 5tt.tBt.6tO.668L
Stnogth:
Oettl,lt88»660.
Oet 1.1864. 666. 667.
Oet 1.1886. 666. 667.
Sarplae oflleen to be rettoTed, 886.
TrBBBfBre fnm the field and hoepltal, tIT. tit,
651.661
UBlllMai.648i
TetetBB TelBBteen.
Belaaoee of booaty payable ea master o«t. II
Orgaaiaatton, eqotpmeat, ete.. 64^451.
PaUeBte ia boepltal, 4. 25.
TthhaH, C, LoeeeioClTe. 80.
Tletar, LoeoBiotlTe.tO.
Tletoria,StoBaier.471
TlaeeatyThBanaB.
ComepoDdoBoe. See Adfrntmnt-Bm^rmtB Cyei;
V.8.A.
Bahibito:
Ooloied recralte maetered ia aad eredltad,
KoT. 1. 1804.JeBe, 1086. 116. 117.
DiebaadfliMBt of tbe Amy, 032, OtS, tlS, 1008.
1018.
Forees of the Uaited Statee, May 1, 1tt4, aad
Kar.l.ltOt.180.187.
Mea fenrarded. aiaatered oat, ete.. Not. i,
1864.NOT. 15. 1086. 183-136.
Oigaataailoae aiaatered aad forwarded te
the field dtiriag tbe war. IOIO-IOIOl
Volaateere aad aiiUtia maetered late eervie%
Not. 1, 1864.Apr. 13, 1885, 112-114.
YolBBteere aad regalare ia eerrloe, 114, IISl
Meationed,28,1011
OatUae of method for dlebeadmeat of U. &
▼olaateer analee, 1-8.
INDEX.
1101
TlBtea, DftTld H.
Correspondence, Q. M. OeD.'«Offlo6,U. 8. A., 437.
KeDtioned, 219. 222. 262, 348. 350. 437.
TIrgliU, C. S. &. (U. S. Trigata Merrimao), 600.
TtrglBla.
Aatbority of the Uoiled SUtes reestablished,
U-15.
losurrectJon in, declared sappresaed, 1000.
Measures for defenae. 680, 600.
Hilitia orgaoization, 1861. 880. 800.
Operations in. See—
AppomaUox Campaign, Mar. fB-Apr, P, IMff.
(kdat Cretk. BattU, Oct. 19, 1864.
FUker'a BiU. BaUU, Sept. £9, 1864.
Jamet River. Campaign from the Jfayidftii,
Jfay 4-Jtaie IS, 1864.
Lynchburg Campaign. Mt^f»6-JwM»9, 1864.
New Market. Engagement, Ma/y 1&, 1864.
Opequon Creek. Battle, Sept. 19, 1864.
PUereburg. Espedition/rom WineheeteTt Feb.
87- Mar, 88, 1866.
Riehmond Campaign, June 18, 1864-Apr. 8,
1866.
SdUeiUe. Action, Oct. f . 1864.
Shenandoah VaUeg. Operations, 1964-1866.
Virginia and Tenneteee Railroad, Expedi-
tioneagaitiet, May 8-19, 1864.
Wineheeter. BattU, Sept. 19, 1864.
Bailroads and equipmenta, 66-84. 206, 207, 200,
381. 382, 581-883. 504^00. 074-081.
Ylryinia, GoTemor of.
Correspondence :
Lee.R.E.,680.
Lincoln, Abraham, 886.
Besponse to call for militia, 885. 886.
Ylrglnla and Nortli Canlina, DepartaieBt of.
Signal operations, 153.
▼Irfiola and Tennessee Ballroad.
Expeditions against, May 2-10. 1864, 400.
Tlryhiia Troops (U.)*
Infantry— /?«9<m«nt«: Ist, 578.
Tlrlan, John H., 006.
ToetJi, George F., 020.
Togel, An9nst,930.
Totaw, Beqjamla, 028.
Talcan, Locomotive, 34. 80, 54S.
W. H. Ifhlton, LocomotiYo, 60.
W. W. Wright, Locomotive, 80.
Wade, Hampton, 010.
Wadkins, Trtmns, 015.
Wadsworth, James 8., 400l
Wagenseller, P. IL, 808.
Wagner, C. B., 340. 351.
Wagner, Frederick C, 804.
Walnwright, W. A., 840.
Wall Wright, Wllltam P., 000.
Walt, J. Frank, 022.
Waits, B. M., 028.
Wakemaa, Abiam, 023.
Walbridge, €. E., 340, 861.
Waldea, Charles F., 006.
Waldron, Oeoige P., 010.
WaldroB, Samael W., 803.
Wales, Atherton, 022.
Wales, Leonard E., 899.
Wales, Nathaniel, 892.
Wales, T.C., Mrs., 02L
Wales, Thomaa C, 031.
Waler, Brown, 021.
Walker, Charles, 015.
Walker, Charies H. L., 028.
Walker, Charles ■., 006.
WaUer, Edward 8., 806.
Walker, Eliaha, 014.
Walker, James, 017.
Walker, John, 010.
Walker, Leroy P.
Correapondence. See War Department, C. S,
Walker, Thornton, 010.
Walkap, John, 001.
Wallace, E. W.,205.
Wallace, J. W., 02.
Wallace, Lewis, 497.490.
Wallace, Bobert D., 800.
Wallace, William, 015.
Wallace, WUllam J., 003.
Wallace, WilUam Wirt, 003.
Wallach, BIchaid, T45.
WaUe7,Jlm,010.
WaUey, Stephen, 022.
Walley, Tltns, OIR.
Walstadt, Carl, 030.
j Walters, Samael F., 032.
Waltler, William, 026.
Waltoa, Alfred M., 020.
Waaless, John, 000.
Ward, Charies M., 007.
Ward, George W., 028.
Ward, John, 010.
Ward, J. Bobert, 000.
Ward, J. H., 022.
Ward, Thomas, 920.
WaH, William T., 428.425,426,428.
War Department, C. 8.
Correspondence :
Alabama, Oovemor of, 601.
Daris, Jefferson, 600.
Florida, Goyemor of, 602.
Lee,R.E..605.
Preston. J. S., 605. 700.
South Carolina, Oovemor of, 601.
War Department, U. 8.
Correspondence :
A(Ut. Gen. 8 Office, U. S. A., 1,50. 127. 932, 1018.
Arkansas. A4,intant Geqeral of, 55.
Attomey.Qeneral's Office, XT. S., 52.
Congress, U. S., 1006.
Dana, C. A., 40.
Engineer Department, IT. S. A.. 162.
Fisher. B. F.. 152.
Grant, U. S., 60, 65. 126, 1045.
Hitchcock, E. A.. 531.
Hooker, J., 51.
Johnson. Andrew, 404, irai.
Jndge-Advocate-General's Office, U. S. A., 400.
McCallnm. D. C, 581, 1003.
Ohio, Governor of, 115. 161.
Ordnance Department, U. S. A., 140.
Paymaater-General's Office, U. S. A., 200.
Pennsylvania, Governor of, 40, 50.
Provost-Marshal-General's Office, U. S. A.,
108, 486, 509, 633, 635.
Q. M. General's Office, U. B. A., 26, 101, 212.
Sttbsiatence Department. U. S. A., 145.
1102
IHDBX*
War
U.
8avfaaB-G«BOTit*« OOetilT. a A^ U».
Dmw C. ▲., AMiateai flMntvy of War. ML
EjLiwtUrttoi of Mt, ■niinalg, Ic, 4.
OmfMMls Weston rtrm tHMiaftiimd to Xwy
Lia* «r priacipil flOetok. sn.
Miltt«7 MMUBlMiaM alter tocmlBfl«toa of bo*.
ti]lttoa.nt.
Ordars. aartaa IStl: Fab. 11, 974.
Ordan,aariaa 1864: lar. ft, 964.
(Mais, aartaa 1666: Maj t, 4, 866; Jvm t, 46.
(Maia,8paeial, aartaa 1866: Oct M, 666.
BaaMotioaa OB tnda aad tetoraooraa, 46, 48.
StoBton, S. M., flaentary of War, 881.
Wartaf,Jaka9 6tl.
Waraar, m, 688.
WafaaTf vaaapk B*, 687.
WarartkaBaMUaik
PnblioattoB of (MBeial Baaarda. 181.
Ttemiaatlon of hoatilltfaa, 104, ]60T-Ua
Waiyasy Mwarl, 6B.
Waiyaa, Gaarfa W., 681.
Wam% Oaamaaar K,, 1i^ 71«m.l86, 868. 888,
864,468.
Wairw, flw, 818.
Warm, Hara% 886.
Warm, J. 8aIllfaB, 8B.
Warm,,Ja T*, 688.
Warm, W. A«, 488.
Warrra, WUUaa W., 881.
Wartaaa, Jaaaa W«, 906^
WaaliHm, Oaiwallaiar C, 888.
Waahkam, Cyru, 8tl.
Waahk«ni,B.H.,807.
WaaUara, laraal, Jr., 868.
WaaliHm,Ii.H.,806w
WaahlMtaa, Afaato, 687.
Waahtagtaa, Brawa, 017.
WaailMtaafB-C-
DiapaiatoB of amSaa caaoaatnrtad at. 961-368,
601-866W
Oparatiooa of anpply depot, Qnartonnaator*!
Dapartasant, 218, 886-886.
Oparatlaaa QnartanBastor*a Dapt., 4B8-4M.
WaahlMtaa, flaaifa (PraaldaBt U. 8.). 689.
Waahlagfaa, Ctaarga (Bap.Baet. 8d Dial Maao.).
015.
Waiitagtoa, Gaaifa (Bap. Bact., 8d Diat HaM.).
681.
Waahtaftoa, Gaaifa (Bepb Boot., etb Diet. Maao.).
017.
Waahlafftaa, 6ear«a (Bap. Bact, 80ih Dial K. T.),
604.
Waahlagfaa, Pator, 099.
Waaaaaaleh,E.,098.
Waaaaa,laaatto,094.
Waaaaa, WIlUaM, 094.
Waaaaa, WlUlam H. g., 084.
Waton, Harfaj, 081.
WaiHa, Jaa. UaOn, 000.
Wataaa,Alftai,0S7.
Wataaa, Ghailaa T.,'840l
Wataaa,BBaUI,010.
Watt8,A.,08L
Watta,BMr,8SL
Watto,HaBi7,016.
WaMk,WllllBia,014.
Waavar, Baatai, 68L
Waafar,Jaha«8Uw
WaM,Lafl,818.
Wabkar, Aagaataa, 668L
Wahator,A.,8Bl.
Wakalar, Galaaal, Laaaaaattva* 84,0i
Wabator, Gaarfa P., 8T7, 9m.
Wakator,J.B.,847.
w aaOTtr, «aaipB B«
Oorra^aadaaaa. IT. S. Gtaal, UBl
afiailiai
861101.
Wakilar, B. C, 886; 646^666^ 888.
Waai, Ghailaa P.« 981.
Waaka, Pator, 816.
WaMaar,PkaBatoJ.,»7.
Walll,!
Walr,JahaH.,968.
Watoar, Harcaa L., 604.
Waltaal, Gailkaj, 186, 160. 168, 880. 9861 3
waiaa, v« a*, aaPi
Wakh,Iaaa^688.
Wallai,GI4aaB, 14,861186,618
WaDaa, Waalaaj , 807.
Walltaftaa, Baralto, 8BL
Walllaftoa, Jaam P., 80&
Walla, Ghariaa B^ 014.
Walla, BiwaH, 680.
WaDa, BiwarO, Mra., 088.
WaD8,i.Balatoa,807.
Walla, JaraaM, 689^
WaD8,HUtoa,866i
WaD8,Pafkar,8IL
Walah,ORiaT.,808
WalA,Thraw,891
Waaihlay, Jasaa, 817.
Waata, ilasaaJar, 687.
Waata, B. Ii.,LooaaiotlTa, 80.
Waato, I. L., 84, 471. 688. 681, 868, 1868.
Waaaall, Baarj, 091.
WaaaaU, Baaiy B., 09L
Waaaatt, Bahart, 807.
WaaMDi, LaTaratl W., 688.
Waaaaa, WiniaaiB., Ml.
Waal, Otoaifa, 89L
Waal, B. P., 884.
Maaaaiaa far daftaaa. 476-4781
TimaapoitatloB on, doiiaf the war, note p. ]
Waatlaka«Ba^|aarta P., 804.
Waal Bladaalppi, flIUtanr Btrtalaa af tha.
MUttoiy teltfreph opaiatteaa, 868-871.
BaeraltoMat of calored traapa.8.
WeatoB,G.B.,08L
Waatoa, G. B., Mia.. 6BL
INDEX.
1103
•n.
WMlTlrffliria.
Milltti^ ilznooUM* MTTlM. 6M.
State booiicy, 744, 748c
WMtTlrglBiA, »«partMHtot
Military tolegnpb op«r»tiMU, S75-S79.
Wttt TlrstelA, Qofvnor of.
Corr— pondMice. A^lntant • Q«a«nl*i Offloe.
U.aA.. ».42,4a,94.
Weit TIrgtaU Trtopf.
Cmw9lry-JUffim0HU: Itt, M, M, O.
iBlkDtey— BaMaMpMt; bMBpto, O.
IiifiHatrj-JtiV<nMiitt: ttk, 14tk, 17tk, «2.
Wtttor, Hmry, 899.
WhAlw, PMrlek, 9M.
WkMtwit Fnak, 75, 78.
Wke«lar, Praak, OSO.
WfeMter, U—rgt F., 914.
WkMltr, Omh» W., 91&
WkMtar , Jowph, OMMnl, 89, 418, 584, 68B, 988, 987,
913,987-989.
W^9«ltr, JoMpk (BMratt), 990.
WkMlmr, JoMpk C, 900l
WkMl«r,Joilak,914.
WkMtar, Pvk,8Bft.
WlwolMk,JaTC41>.,997.
WhMlwffglit, J. W., 921.
WkMlwffglit,W.l>., 981.
WWtaoly Hmvj B.9 888.
WbldnMB,J«ha,919.
WUldM,Jn6«.»911
WUf « Joikn F., 875.
WklM^le, Brisft A., 9BQi
WUpplt, J«ta W .9 9BQi
Wklittor, 0«oif*W., 991
WkltaMib, TkMMt B., 988.
Wldto,CkariM,9l9.
WUto,CorMU«i»9a8.
WUto, DftTid, 9t7.
Wklto,niilw,898.
Wblto, GMrge Q., 887.
Wktto, H«war«, 915.
Wldtoy JasM (Rep. Beet., 5tli Diet. P».), 925.
White, JuMt (209d Vm.), 925.
White, i«iM, 927.
White, JohBL.,904.
White, ]r«l«nii>., 982.
White, SiMMB, 154.
White, WiiliMiW.,809L
WhiteMB,AdMi,917.
Whltta,awrleiP.,922.
Whitta,JohBC.,922.
Whitia,PMd,921.
WhitlBf , Hmi7, 918.
Whittaf,L.M.,902.
WhitiBg, WiUiaa.
CoiTMpoDdenoo, ProTMt • Manhal • Oentnl's
Offloe,U.aA.,a30.
Interpretotioii of Aet of Mar. 8, 1883. 837-989.
Mentiooed, 930, 687. 829, 882, 888, 885, 841-048, 045,
718,752,758,
Opinions, oto., negroM In military aerrlce, 032,
033.
WhltiBf,WUliui H. C.,508.
WhlteMB, B. B., 849.
WhltaMB, tM9Jf 758.
Whitaili«,S.H.,804.
WhitBty, CtRto F., 888.
WhitMy, Bdwwl, 991.
WhitBty, GMif* B., 988.
WhitBty, H«uy JL, 881.
WhltM7,JMlA.,881.
WhitM|r,I«th«rF.,981.
Whlta«y,HiltoB,998.
Whitaay, B. B., 922.
WhitMf, Tiwodort B., 922.
WhitMy, WuvMi J., 921.
Whtton, W. H., LoeomottTo, 80.
WhItoB, W. H«, 809.
WhIteM, BtmoUa F., 910.
WhtttelMy, HcuyB.
CorfwipondtiMe, L. C. EMton, 898, 400, 428.
Mmitionad, 844, 849, 850, 897.
WhitteHMV, C. B., 851.
WhIttlMluni* Bdwart T., 907.
Whytal, thOteM «., 318, 314, 887.
WIehanhMi, H. B., 827, 849, 851.
Wl9ftn,Bobert,920.
Wtfvln, Bftthaaial, 89L
Wif9lB,Th0MiB.,918.
Wif9lBt,WllIiMi,928.
Wlc^Mw«rlh,Au,922.
Wl«fteiw«rlh, mhnH W., 921.
WIsf iMWOrth, GMrg*, 92L
WlgflMWOrth, Hary, 922.
WiffglMirarth, ThMtaB, 922.
WUhar, Baalal, 92L
WIIhar,Wnilaai,92L
Wtlhar, Giaaaliaf A., 89L
WUhar, John F., 921.
WllMz, iaaMa A.
Oor^eapoBd•so^ A^jt Oea.'« OflBo^ U. & A., 25.
Kontlon6d,112.889,90].
WUeaz, Hardul, 932.
Wild, ioaaph, 894.
WUdar, Baatol W., 988.
Wildtr,E.B.,Mra.,090L
WildataB,F.A.,001.
WUey, A«aila, 911.
Wllay,BaiJaaiiBL.,905.
Wttkiaa, gaaael A., 014.
WilkiMMn, John, 918.
Wilkiasoa, Hoaei, 92L
WllUaMMi,HathaB,877.
WiUaid, AMiie, 921.
Willaid,8aaiMl,815.
WlUatt^JaaMiB.,197.
wniiaaii, Aiexaadar, 917.
Wniiaail, Alphaat 8., 894, 897-400, 429-429.
Willlaaii, G. P., 982.
Wniiaais, GaraUna, 921.
WilUaBiS,B. B.,8a2.
Wiiliaaia, E. H. L., Mrs.. 921.
Wnilaais, Bailly L., 92L
Wniiaais, Fraak (Bap. Baot., 4th Dist. Idass.), 990.
Wnilaais, Fraak (Bep. Baot., 10th Dist. Mass.),917.
Wllliaas, Fradarick, 930.
Williaaii, Gaarga (Bep. Baot., 8d Dist Maas.),980.
Willlaaio, Gaaifa (Bap. Baot, 4th Dist Ma8a.),9I7.
1104
IHDEX*
WI]lbuM» 9mrg9 (B«p. Baet., U IMst K. H.), 914,
WillbuM* G««if* (S«p.Beet., nthlMst. K.T.).nA.
WlIliuM»H«cUr,9ia.
y J. B«y 011.
WIIlla«t» Jmt7, MSl
WlUtaMi, Ukm Otep. BmI., 4th Dkt llMft.). •!&
WUllaas, Jolu (B^. B«et.. 2d Dist K. H.). 914.
WmiMU, J«ta (B«p. Baet.. Sd Diet. K. H.). 014.
Wllliuif» i«ta (B«p. Reei., UUi Dtot Pa.), 096^.
WI]lbuis,J«haM.g.,021.
Wllllaai, Lawls, 990.
WIlliuii,laek,09L
WI111mi,Mmm,9U.
Willluii,Ftter,91fi.
WiniMU, Udwri (IUm.). 91fi.
WnUaas, Bickard (K.T.),9».
Wlllbuiif Bakart, A. A. O. (U.), m«L
WllUaai, Babart (Ky.), 927.
WllUaai, Bakart (lCaM.).916.
Willlaai,B«ialp]i,926.
WUUaaiyWiniaM (Bep. Baot.. 2d DIat Haaa.), 019.
Willlaaii»WUllaa(Bap.Bact.,9thI>tat Haaa.),91ft.
WilllaaMMi,JaMa,97S.
WilUaMMMi, Bakart 8., 170.
WiUlaid, Jams, 903.
Wllla» A. W., 849, 861,948.
Wlbaar, Bdwfai, 800.
WIlMiBffUB, LaoomoUTa, 88, 542.
WUaat, Dafld, 091
Wllaflnd,Hlakaal,090.
Wllaaa, Andtaw, 021.
Wllaaa, Clajkani, 015.
WIlaaa^B. €.,258,349.
Wilaaa, Bamaa B., 909.
Wllaaa, Bany, 884.
Wllaaa, Ba^k, 920.
WUsaa, Jami, A. Q. M. (U.), 847. 849.
Wilaaa» JaMaa, ComiDiaalooar, 807.
Wllaaa, ia«ai (Bap. Baot.. 17th Ptst Pa.). 028.
WUMMi,iaaa§B.
Comapoodanoa, Proroat - Marshal - GaDaral'i
Offloa,U.aA.,48.
ICaDtionad, 100, 128, 104, 189. 210. 241, 820, 821, 880.
482-485. 455, 408, 603-505. 507, 525, 538, 064.
Wllaaa, Jaka (Baornlt), 010.
WllMMi, Jaka (Thtid Anditar), 147. 281, 280, 242.
287,800,460,802.
WUaaB,iakiJ.,925.
Wllaaa, Jaaapk, 018.
WUsaa, Uwls, 020.
WUsaa, 8aaa«l, 010.
WUsaa, Tkamas, 018.
WUsaa, Tkaaias P., 340. 882.
WUsaa, WfUlaa, 028.
Wilstaak, Ckarlas P., 028.
WlBaas,IsaaeC.,028.
Wlaekastar, C. S. Transport, 478.
Wlaekastar, T^
BatUe, Sept. 10, 1864, 500.
WlBdkaBi,8lBiOB,015.
WlBf , Aaraa A., 013.
Wlaf , Ckarlas T., 840. 860.
Wlalock, Bokart B., 008.
Wlaslaw, Bdward P., 00, 100, 588. 054.
r,«.C.,949.
WlBalair,JakaB.,892.
WIHk,Jaaak,988w
Wln,BaBqf»
liaBtteDad.491,492.
Trial, aaatsnka, and axaeotiOB. 491-
Ona-boadrsd-daya* bmb. 594, 649.
BapiassBtaUTa laawHa aad prtoalpala.9n.9
SCatakoaatj,748,749.
A4Jata&iOaBaral*sOaaa,IT. & A., 99.«9, 49. 84.
LiM0lB,AkfakaaB,88L
wiaay waavfa 0*
OarrsapQndaBoa,Qaartamaatar OsMiaFaOaas^
U.aA.,9B7.289.47C
Martiaaad.21Ml^ 289. 9tf. 869. dT9. 4791
WlsawaB, Haaaa B., 590. 607. 909.
Wltakar,JakaB.,921.
WItakar, Ttoeairt A., 9n.
Wlthan»Ta]rlar,9lA.
Wltmlfkt, J. W«, 900.
WaM,BaU7G.,889.
WaM,#akBP.,989.
Wallk,JakaS.,904.
WaiMtsft, Qsaf|a W*, 909, 897.
Waaaattar, Q., 790.
Waad, Alaasa, 889.
Waad, BavM F., 082.
Waad, BaMT Claj, 787. 1017.
WaadyHaaas, 922,,
Waad, flaUia, BtaaaMr.479.
Waad, Tkaaas 1>, 199. 608, 619.
Waadkaiy, Baild, 918.
WaadlB,WUUaB.,924.
waaBHSB, vaaiv^ 8*, ooo.
Waadaaa, Qaaifa W., 9181
Waadrai^ lanal C, 108.
WaadraB; daaMa, 819. 9a 894.
Waads,Calad,92L
Waads, Ckarlas B.
Car^sapondano^ Judfs » Ad-roaata - Oaaaial's
ofllo^^.aA.,9S8.
MaBtioiiad,618.
Waads,Danla,9i8.
Waads, Gaarga W.« 919.
Waads, Jaka L., 949, 449.
Waadwaid, flaaiya F«, 994.
Waadward, B. P., 79^ 881.
Waadward, iaaapk T., 881.
WaaUktt, Aaatia C, 847. 880.
Waiaaalar, Jaaapk B., 922.
Waiaaslsr, TkaHaa, 911.
Wanas, Gkailas, m.
Wof stsad, Lawls, 9a.
Wartklafftaa,L.,922.
WartklaftaB,B.B.,904.
Wray, JasMa T., 407.
Wrida, Aatast, 027.
Wrifkt, Ckarlas, 023.
Wrlf kt, D. B., 909.
Wrif kl, Biek (Bap. Baot.. OUi DIat Maaa.), 919l
Wrifkt, Btek (Bap. Baet., 7th DIaL lIaaa.),8tU
Wrigkt,Btkaridca,016.
INDEX.
1105
Wriffkt, OMrye, 916.
Wriffkt, HoBiy C, M7.
Wriffkt, HoMtlo e.
CoiTMpood0]ioe, A^Jnunt • OoMnl's OfBoe,
U.&A.,93.M,10e.
MenUoaed. 65, 75, 78, 98. 186, 168, 190, 181, 194, »5,
287, 804. 878, 884, 387-389, 487, 489, 618, 518, 617.
553,595.
'Wrifffct, JUMS 91B.
Wriffkt, JftMes G., 929.
Wriffkt, jMRt IS., 904.
Wriffkt, JekBT., 898.
Wriffkt, L. P,, 908.
Wriffkt, 8Mia«l I., 848.
Wriffkt, W. W., LooomoUve, 80.
Wriffkt, WiUtuB W.
Appointeil ckiaf eiiffine«r nilnMds In the Soath-
wMt,982.
CorrMpoDdeooe, D.C. McCallnm, 29, 535, 933, 982.
M«ntioiied,44, 72, 88, 526, 598, 981, 982, 984, 088, 988,
1005.
Writ of HakeM Corpus.
BeMTten, 829.
Priyilege of, raiitored, 125, 5H0.
Wjatt, J«tM, 014.
70 B B— SBBIB8 III, VOL V
Wyvaa, Hairej, 082.
WjMtB, Merrill, 021.
Tuk,Pi«derirkJ.,917.
Turil«7,Mftk]OB,897.
Tardley, T. W., 538, 961, 963. 093.
Tat**, A. A., 910.
Tate*,JMiMP.,920.
Tates, Blekard, 534, 608. 640. 818.
Tasao, C. S. Transport 478.
Tarkei, Wtillaai H., 807.
Tea, Slekard A., 004.
Taka, 8aaiael,808.
Taaart, Bakari, 378.
TooB, Haftkaw, 925.
TooBff, Alrak H., 013.
Tawiff, Aaas, 020.
Toaaff, Gaorff*, Jr., 086.
Taaaff, Gaorsa W., 470.
Toaaff, Baadolpk, 918.
ToBBfflofa, Comalla* L., 928.
ToanffiMB, W. A., 908.
TBBdt, Jaaapk, 929.
Bakra, Locomotive. 80.
Soak, H. H., 071.
Zaakar, Badalpk, 9:to.
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